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<li id="toc-Foundation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foundation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Foundation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foundation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1891–1914" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1891–1914"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>1891–1914</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1891–1914-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Division_(1914–1922)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Division_(1914–1922)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Division (1914–1922)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Division_(1914–1922)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Irish_Free_State" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a 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href="#Ulster_Unionists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Ulster Unionists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ulster_Unionists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leadership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leadership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Leadership</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Leadership-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Leadership subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Leadership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Leaders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leaders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Leaders</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leaders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Political party in Ireland</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #9999FF; border-bottom:2px solid #9999FF; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Irish Unionist Alliance</div> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Irish_Unionist_Alliance_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Irish_Unionist_Alliance_logo.svg/180px-Irish_Unionist_Alliance_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Irish_Unionist_Alliance_logo.svg/270px-Irish_Unionist_Alliance_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Irish_Unionist_Alliance_logo.svg/360px-Irish_Unionist_Alliance_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="264" data-file-height="264" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Party_leader" title="Party leader">Leader</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Edward_James_Saunderson" title="Edward James Saunderson">Colonel Saunderson</a> (First)<br /><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Maxwell,_11th_Baron_Farnham" title="Arthur Maxwell, 11th Baron Farnham">The 11th Baron Farnham</a> (Last)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">1891<span class="noprint">; 133 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1891</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Dissolved</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">1922<span class="noprint">; 102 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend">1922</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Merger of</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Irish_Conservative_Party" title="Irish Conservative Party">Irish Conservatives</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Irish_Loyal_and_Patriotic_Union" title="Irish Loyal and Patriotic Union">Irish Loyal and Patriotic Union</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party" title="Ulster Unionist Party">Ulster Unionist Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Unionism_in_Ireland" title="Unionism in Ireland">Irish unionism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Irish">Anglo-Irish</a> interests</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Right-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-wing">Right-wing</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">National affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #9999FF;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of Ireland">Politics of Ireland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties in Ireland">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_general_elections" title="List of United Kingdom general elections">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Irish Unionist Alliance</b> (<b>IUA</b>), also known as the <b>Irish Unionist Party</b>, <b>Irish Unionists</b> or simply the <b>Unionists</b>, was a <a href="/wiki/Unionism_in_Ireland" title="Unionism in Ireland">unionist</a> political party founded in <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> in 1891 from a merger of the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Conservative_Party" title="Irish Conservative Party">Irish Conservative Party</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Loyal_and_Patriotic_Union" title="Irish Loyal and Patriotic Union">Irish Loyal and Patriotic Union</a> (ILPU) to oppose plans for <a href="/wiki/Irish_Home_Rule_bills" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Home Rule bills">home rule</a> for Ireland within the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland</a>. The party was led for much of its existence by Colonel <a href="/wiki/Edward_James_Saunderson" title="Edward James Saunderson">Edward James Saunderson</a> and later by <a href="/wiki/St_John_Brodrick,_1st_Earl_of_Midleton" title="St John Brodrick, 1st Earl of Midleton">St John Brodrick, 1st Earl of Midleton</a>. In total, eighty-six members of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a> affiliated themselves with the Irish Unionist Alliance, although its broader membership among Irish voters outside <a href="/wiki/Ulster" title="Ulster">Ulster</a> was relatively small. </p><p>The party aligned itself closely with the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative Party</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Unionist_Party" title="Liberal Unionist Party">Liberal Unionists</a> to campaign to prevent the passage of a new <a href="/wiki/Irish_Government_Bill_1893" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Government Bill 1893">Home Rule Bill</a>. Its MPs took the Conservative whip at Westminster, and its members were often described as 'Conservatives' or 'Conservative Unionists',<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> even though much of its support came from former Liberal voters. Among its most prominent members were the <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> barrister, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Carson" title="Edward Carson">Sir Edward Carson</a>, and the founder of Ireland's <a href="/wiki/Cooperative" title="Cooperative">cooperative</a> movement, <a href="/wiki/Sir_Horace_Plunkett" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Horace Plunkett">Sir Horace Plunkett</a>. Its electoral strength was largely (although not exclusively) concentrated in east <a href="/wiki/Ulster" title="Ulster">Ulster</a> and south Dublin. </p><p>The IUA became wracked by internal disagreement during the early twentieth century, with the issue of the <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Ireland" title="Partition of Ireland">partition of Ireland</a> proving to be particularly divisive. Many unionists outside Ulster became resigned to the political necessity of Home Rule, while unionists in Ulster established a separate organisation, the <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party" title="Ulster Unionist Party">Ulster Unionist Party</a> (UUP). In 1919 the IUA finally split apart with the founding of the break-away <a href="/wiki/Unionist_Anti-Partition_League" title="Unionist Anti-Partition League">Unionist Anti-Partition League</a>, effectively signalling the death of institutional unionism in most of Ireland. The UUP continued to operate in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>, and would go on to dominate domestic politics there for much of the twentieth century. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Unionist_Alliance&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundation">Foundation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Unionist_Alliance&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Foundation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Irish Unionist Alliance was founded in 1891 by the members of the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Loyal_and_Patriotic_Union" title="Irish Loyal and Patriotic Union">Irish Loyal and Patriotic Union</a> (ILPU), which it replaced.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ILPU had been established to prevent electoral competition between <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irish_Conservative_Party" title="Irish Conservative Party">Conservatives</a> in the three southern provinces on a common platform of maintenance of the union.<sup id="cite_ref-auto3_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The IUA united this movement with unionists in the northern <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Ireland" title="Provinces of Ireland">province</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ulster" title="Ulster">Ulster</a>, where unionist sentiment and support was strongest.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As such, the new party sought to represent unionism on an <a href="/wiki/All-Ireland" title="All-Ireland">all-Ireland</a> basis. The party's founders hoped that this would coordinate the electoral and lobbying activities of unionists across Ireland. Prior to 1891, unionists had seen considerable electoral losses across southern Ireland at the hands of the pro-Home Rule <a href="/wiki/Irish_Parliamentary_Party" title="Irish Parliamentary Party">Irish Parliamentary Party</a>, founded a decade earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-auto4_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was deemed necessary for southern and northern supporters of the Union to more formally unite their efforts. At this stage, the majority of unionists in all parts of Ireland were opposed to the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Home_Rule_movement" title="Irish Home Rule movement">Irish Home Rule movement</a>, especially following the collapse of the Irish wing of the Liberal Party.<sup id="cite_ref-auto4_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto4-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The IUA's first leader was the <a href="/wiki/Orange_Order" title="Orange Order">Orangeman</a> and former Conservative MP, <a href="/wiki/Edward_James_Saunderson" title="Edward James Saunderson">Edward James Saunderson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto3_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1891–1914"><span id="1891.E2.80.931914"></span>1891–1914</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Unionist_Alliance&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1891–1914"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Resent_the_Attempt_to_Smash_the_British_Constitution_by_American_Dollars.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Resent_the_Attempt_to_Smash_the_British_Constitution_by_American_Dollars.jpg/220px-Resent_the_Attempt_to_Smash_the_British_Constitution_by_American_Dollars.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Resent_the_Attempt_to_Smash_the_British_Constitution_by_American_Dollars.jpg/330px-Resent_the_Attempt_to_Smash_the_British_Constitution_by_American_Dollars.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Resent_the_Attempt_to_Smash_the_British_Constitution_by_American_Dollars.jpg 2x" data-file-width="398" data-file-height="521" /></a><figcaption>A Unionist anti-<a href="/wiki/John_Redmond" title="John Redmond">John Redmond</a> poster from the 1910 election</figcaption></figure> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a>, the party closely aligned itself with the Conservatives and Liberal Unionists. In the <a href="/wiki/1892_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Ireland" title="1892 United Kingdom general election in Ireland">1892 general election</a> the party won 20.6% of the Irish vote and 21 seats. In 1893, the party achieved a major success when it joined the Conservatives to defeat the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Government_Bill_1893" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Government Bill 1893">Home Rule Bill</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a>, eighty-six peers affiliated themselves with the Irish Unionist Alliance. This high level of support reflected the strong unionist sentiment within Ireland's landed class. Unionists in the Lords proved to be instrumental in defeating attempts by the Liberals to introduce Home Rule legislation. In the <a href="/wiki/1900_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Ireland" title="1900 United Kingdom general election in Ireland">1900 general election</a> the party won 32.2% of the vote in Ireland, most of its votes coming from Ulster. </p><p>Throughout the period, members of the IUA campaigned not only in Ireland, but also in <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Great Britain</a> alongside the Conservative Party. This was especially the case in the two general elections of 1910. In <a href="/wiki/December_1910_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Ireland" title="December 1910 United Kingdom general election in Ireland">December 1910</a>, the IUA sent 278 workers to British constituencies to assist the Conservative candidates, distributing almost three million leaflets across England.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was during that this time that a large number of Conservative MPs married into Irish Southern Unionist families. </p><p>Despite early hopes among some unionists that the IUA would expand the unionist presence across Ireland, the party failed to make any major electoral gains in the six subsequent general elections. In the south of Ireland, the IUA consistently won only the double seat representing the graduates of <a href="/wiki/Dublin_University_(constituency)" title="Dublin University (constituency)">Dublin University</a>, and a couple of the <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> seats would occasionally fall to them. The party also won a surprise victory in <a href="/wiki/Galway_Borough_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Galway Borough (UK Parliament constituency)">Galway City</a> in 1900. In local elections, the party maintained a geographically broader representation, although failed to win many new voters. Unlike in Ulster, the anti-Home Rulers were a scattered minority. </p><p>In Ulster, the IUA built upon solid unionist electoral foundations and became the dominant political force in much of the province. In the north and east of Ulster, unionists consistently won seats, often unopposed.<sup id="cite_ref-auto3_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the three counties of Ulster which would later become part of the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Irish Free State</a>, the unionists failed to come close to winning in <a href="/wiki/North_Monaghan_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="North Monaghan (UK Parliament constituency)">Monaghan North</a>, their strongest constituency of the eight in question, and never even contested <a href="/wiki/West_Donegal_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="West Donegal (UK Parliament constituency)">West Donegal</a>. Despite the prominence of many influential Southern Unionists in the party, Ulster remained the core of the IUA's support base. Ulster unionism was linked strongly to the former Conservatives, with their strong Orange Order links, rather than to the former Liberals, who had made some effort to encourage cross-denominational support for their unionist stance. The strength of the northern unionist wing played a vital role in the shift of power in the pro-union movement to Conservative and Orange elements. While the link between the Orange lodges and the new Unionist associations did introduce a populist, democratic element into unionist politics, it also served to reinforce the sectarian nature of unionism in the north. In 1905, this particular brand of unionism within the IUA led to the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulster Unionist Council">Ulster Unionist Council</a> (UUC).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Ulster Unionists were still within the broader framework of the Irish Unionist Alliance, the Ulster party began to develop its own distinct organisational structures and political goals. From 1907, the IUA's political activity was organised by the Joint Committee of the Unionist Associations of Ireland (JCUAI).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This body sought to coordinate the IUA's election and lobbying activity, whilst recognising the distinct differences between the northern and southern parties. </p><p>The prominence of the Ulster Unionist Council quickly grew thanks to the strong unionist sentiment in Ulster. From 1910, it became the dominant force and focus of resistance in the Irish unionist community.<sup id="cite_ref-auto7_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto7-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The JCUAI was effectively controlled by Ulstermen, while the IUA's leadership remained largely in the hands of Southern Unionists. This led to the unionist movement gradually becoming 'Ulsterised' from 1910, which marginalised many more moderate unionists in the south.<sup id="cite_ref-auto7_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto7-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even so, in 1913, as the Third Home Rule Bill passed through Parliament, the Alliance appears to have become increasingly popular in the south and records show an increase in membership.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Division_(1914–1922)"><span id="Division_.281914.E2.80.931922.29"></span>Division (1914–1922)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Unionist_Alliance&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Division (1914–1922)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1918_United_Kingdom_general_election_(Ireland)_map_-_winning_party_vote_share_by_constituency.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/1918_United_Kingdom_general_election_%28Ireland%29_map_-_winning_party_vote_share_by_constituency.svg/220px-1918_United_Kingdom_general_election_%28Ireland%29_map_-_winning_party_vote_share_by_constituency.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/1918_United_Kingdom_general_election_%28Ireland%29_map_-_winning_party_vote_share_by_constituency.svg/330px-1918_United_Kingdom_general_election_%28Ireland%29_map_-_winning_party_vote_share_by_constituency.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/1918_United_Kingdom_general_election_%28Ireland%29_map_-_winning_party_vote_share_by_constituency.svg/440px-1918_United_Kingdom_general_election_%28Ireland%29_map_-_winning_party_vote_share_by_constituency.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="802" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>The 1918 general election result in Ireland, showing the clear dominance of the IUA in Ulster, relative to its weakness in the rest of Ireland</figcaption></figure> <p>By 1914, the conflict of interest between the unionists in southern Ireland and those in Ulster was wracking the IUA.<sup id="cite_ref-auto5_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto5-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was known that the passage of a Home Rule Bill for Ireland was becoming increasingly likely, and as a result many Southern Unionists began to seek a political compromise which would see their interests protected. Many unionists in the south became strongly opposed to any plan to partition the island, as they knew that it would leave them isolated from the unionist-majority areas. Several prominent Southern Unionists, such as <a href="/wiki/Sir_Horace_Plunkett" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Horace Plunkett">Sir Horace Plunkett</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Spring_Rice,_2nd_Baron_Monteagle_of_Brandon" title="Thomas Spring Rice, 2nd Baron Monteagle of Brandon">Lord Monteagle</a>, became convinced that a degree of home rule was going to be necessary if Ireland was to avoid partition and remain in the Union.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others, such as the anti-partition party leader <a href="/wiki/St_John_Brodrick,_1st_Earl_of_Midleton" title="St John Brodrick, 1st Earl of Midleton">the 9th Viscount Midleton</a> (later created the 1st <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Midleton" class="mw-redirect" title="Earl of Midleton">Earl of Midleton</a> in 1920), resented the growing dominance of Ulstermen in the party.<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on a self-published source. (January 2018)">self-published source</span></a></i>]</sup> Lord Midleton and his supporters feared that the Ulster wing of the party (now more formally organised as the <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party" title="Ulster Unionist Party">Ulster Unionist Party</a>) would abandon the south in order to gain a favourable settlement for the north from the British government.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 1913, the vice-chairman of the IUA, <a href="/wiki/G._F._Stewart" title="G. F. Stewart">G. F. Stewart</a>, had written to its leader, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Carson" title="Edward Carson">Sir Edward Carson</a>, to complain that southern concerns were being ignored.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several large unionist demonstrations took place in Dublin in early 1914, in which protesters complained as much about the Ulster Unionists as the Irish nationalists.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite these internal difficulties, between September 1911 and July 1914 the Joint Committee of the Unionist Associations of Ireland continued its campaign across the <a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a>. In this period, the IUA distributed an estimated six million pamphlets and booklets throughout Britain, canvassed 1.5 million voters and arranged 8,800 meetings.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The internal divisions simmered during the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>. Southern Unionist members sided with <a href="/wiki/Irish_Parliamentary_Party" title="Irish Parliamentary Party">Irish Nationalists</a> against the Ulster Unionists during the 1917–18 <a href="/wiki/Irish_Convention" title="Irish Convention">Irish Convention</a> in an attempt to bring about an understanding on the implementation of the suspended <a href="/wiki/Home_Rule_Act_1914" class="mw-redirect" title="Home Rule Act 1914">Home Rule Act 1914</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Alliance's official opposition to partition led to it being marginalised in the <a href="/wiki/1918_Irish_general_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1918 Irish general election">1918 general election</a>, which showed the rising influence of the <a href="/wiki/Irish_republicanism" title="Irish republicanism">republican</a> <a href="/wiki/Sinn_F%C3%A9in" title="Sinn Féin">Sinn Féin</a> party on the one hand and the strength of <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulster Unionist Council">Ulster Unionist Council</a> on the other. Despite this, the Alliance won its largest number of seats, with the IUA candidate managing to win a surprise victory in <a href="/wiki/Dublin_Rathmines_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Dublin Rathmines (UK Parliament constituency)">Rathmines</a>. Against the backdrop of the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Irish_War_of_Independence" title="Irish War of Independence">Irish War of Independence</a> unionists began to openly disagree. At a meeting of the party on Molesworth Street, Dublin, on 24 January 1919, Lord Midleton proposed a motion to the party which would have denied Ulster Unionists a say on government proposals affecting the south of Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-auto5_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto5-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The motion was defeated, with a majority of both southern and northern unionists rejecting the plan. Ulster Unionists believed that the motion would have the effect of dividing the unionist cause. The party split anyway, with Lord Midleton and senior southern leaders forming the break-away <a href="/wiki/Unionist_Anti-Partition_League" title="Unionist Anti-Partition League">Unionist Anti-Partition League</a> that same day.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many ordinary members of the southern IUA (Protestant farmers, shopkeepers and clergymen) initially stayed with the remaining rump of the IUA in the south, led by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Maxwell,_11th_Baron_Farnham" title="Arthur Maxwell, 11th Baron Farnham">the 11th Baron Farnham</a>, a <a href="/wiki/County_Cavan" title="County Cavan">County Cavan</a> landowner.<sup id="cite_ref-auto5_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto5-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the IUA hoped to play a part in the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Southern_Ireland" title="Parliament of Southern Ireland">Parliament of Southern Ireland</a> envisaged under the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Ireland_Act_1920" title="Government of Ireland Act 1920">1920 Home Rule Act</a>, the parliament never functioned. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Times" title="The Irish Times">The Irish Times</a></i>, said to be the "voice of Southern Unionists", realised that the 1920 Act would not work and argued from late 1920 for <a href="/wiki/Dominion" title="Dominion">"Dominion Home Rule"</a>, the compromise that was eventually agreed upon in the 1921–22 <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish_Treaty" title="Anglo-Irish Treaty">Anglo-Irish Treaty</a>. Under the Treaty, Northern Ireland became a part of the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Irish Free State</a> from its creation on 6 December 1922; the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Northern_Ireland" title="Parliament of Northern Ireland">Parliament of Northern Ireland</a> voted to leave the Free State two days later. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Irish_Free_State">Irish Free State</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Unionist_Alliance&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Irish Free State"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The split effectively ended the realistic electoral chances of the Irish Unionist Alliance in what became the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Irish Free State</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto2_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto2-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The results of the <a href="/wiki/1920_Irish_local_elections" title="1920 Irish local elections">1920 Irish local elections</a> show that, outside of <a href="/wiki/Ulster" title="Ulster">Ulster</a>, unionist support was strongest in urban areas. As the <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_Ireland" title="Partition of Ireland">partition of Ireland</a> became more likely, Southern Unionists (those unionists outside of nine-county Ulster) formed numerous political movements in an attempt to find a solution to the "Irish Question". Among these were the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Dominion_League" title="Irish Dominion League">Irish Dominion League</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Centre_Party_(1919)" title="Irish Centre Party (1919)">Irish Centre Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As such, the southern rump of the IUA became increasingly fractured and in 1922 it lost its reason to exist with the establishment of the Irish Free State. Leading unionist figures, such as <a href="/wiki/St_John_Brodrick,_1st_Earl_of_Midleton" title="St John Brodrick, 1st Earl of Midleton">the 1st Earl of Midleton</a> (as he had become in 1920), <a href="/wiki/Windham_Wyndham-Quin,_4th_Earl_of_Dunraven_and_Mount-Earl" title="Windham Wyndham-Quin, 4th Earl of Dunraven and Mount-Earl">the 4th Earl of Dunraven and Mount-Earl</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Campbell,_1st_Baron_Glenavy" title="James Campbell, 1st Baron Glenavy">the 1st Baron Glenavy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Horace_Plunkett" title="Horace Plunkett">Sir Horace Plunkett</a>, were appointed in December 1922 by <a href="/wiki/W._T._Cosgrave" title="W. T. Cosgrave">W. T. Cosgrave</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Seanad_%C3%89ireann_(Irish_Free_State)" title="Seanad Éireann (Irish Free State)">Free State's first Senate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amongst others, Sir Horace Plunkett's home in <a href="/wiki/County_Dublin" title="County Dublin">County Dublin</a> was then <a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_country_houses_in_the_Irish_revolutionary_period" class="mw-redirect" title="Destruction of country houses in the Irish revolutionary period">burnt down</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Civil_War" title="Irish Civil War">Irish Civil War</a> (1922–23) because of his involvement in the Irish Senate. The IUA helped form the Southern Irish Loyalist Relief Association to assist war refugees and claim compensation for damage to property.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1921 IUA voters began to support the mainstream <a href="/wiki/Cumann_na_nGaedheal" title="Cumann na nGaedheal">Cumann na nGaedheal</a> party. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/1923_Irish_general_election" title="1923 Irish general election">1923 election</a> three formerly loyalist businessmen were elected as the <a href="/wiki/Business_and_Professional_Group" title="Business and Professional Group">Business and Professional Group</a>. From 1921 to 1991 the proportion of Southern Irish Protestants declined from 10% to 3% of the population; these had provided the bulk of the IUA's support base.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unionists continued to have a majority on Rathmines Council until 1929, when the IUA's successors lost their last elected representatives in the Irish Free State. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Northern_Ireland">Northern Ireland</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Unionist_Alliance&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Northern Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a>, unionists of the <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party" title="Ulster Unionist Party">Ulster Unionist Party</a> (UUP; previously known as the Ulster Unionist Council) continued to dominate domestic politics. The party would hold its powerful position in the unionist community for much of the rest of the twentieth century, until the rise of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Unionist_Party" title="Democratic Unionist Party">Democratic Unionist Party</a> (DUP) in the late 1980s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_election_results">General election results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Unionist_Alliance&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: General election results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Irish_UK_MPs_1885-1918.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Irish_UK_MPs_1885-1918.gif/300px-Irish_UK_MPs_1885-1918.gif" decoding="async" width="300" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Irish_UK_MPs_1885-1918.gif/450px-Irish_UK_MPs_1885-1918.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Irish_UK_MPs_1885-1918.gif/600px-Irish_UK_MPs_1885-1918.gif 2x" data-file-width="922" data-file-height="489" /></a><figcaption>Graph of Irish UK MPs 1885–1918 in numbers</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election </th> <th><a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a> </th> <th>Seats </th> <th align="center">Government </th> <th align="left">Votes </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/1892_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Ireland" title="1892 United Kingdom general election in Ireland">1892</a> </td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="25 !">25th Parliament</span> </td> <td align="ledt"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">19 / 103</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #9999FF; width: 18%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td align="left">Liberal victory </td> <td align="left">12.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/1895_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Ireland" title="1895 United Kingdom general election in Ireland">1895</a> </td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="26 !">26th Parliament</span> </td> <td align="left"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">17 / 103</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #9999FF; width: 17%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td align="left"><b>Conservative and Liberal Unionist victory</b> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Ireland" title="1900 United Kingdom general election in Ireland">1900</a> </td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="27 !">27th Parliament</span> </td> <td align="left"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">17 / 103</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #9999FF; width: 17%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td align="left"><b>Conservative and Liberal Unionist victory</b> </td> <td align="left">32.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/1906_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Ireland" title="1906 United Kingdom general election in Ireland">1906</a> </td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="28 !">28th Parliament</span> </td> <td align="left"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">16 / 103</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #9999FF; width: 16%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td align="left">Liberal victory </td> <td align="left">42.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/January_1910_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Ireland" title="January 1910 United Kingdom general election in Ireland">1910 (Jan)</a> </td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="29 !">29th Parliament</span> </td> <td align="left"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">18 / 103</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #9999FF; width: 17%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td align="left">Liberal government in hung Parliament </td> <td align="left">32.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/December_1910_United_Kingdom_general_election_in_Ireland" title="December 1910 United Kingdom general election in Ireland">1910 (Dec)</a> </td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="30 !">30th Parliament</span> </td> <td align="left"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">16 / 103</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #9999FF; width: 16%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td align="left">Liberal government in hung Parliament </td> <td align="left">28.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/1918_Irish_general_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1918 Irish general election">1918</a> </td> <td align="center"><span data-sort-value="31 !">31st Parliament</span> </td> <td align="left"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">25 / 105</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #9999FF; width: 24%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td align="left"><b>Coalition victory</b> </td> <td align="left">25.3% </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><small>Note: Results from Ireland for the UK general elections contested by the Irish Unionist Alliance.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These figures do not include MPs elected for the Liberal Unionists, who were officially a separate party. IUA MPs sat with the Liberal Unionists and Conservatives at Westminster, and were often simply called 'Conservatives' or 'Unionists'.</small> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Support_base">Support base</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Unionist_Alliance&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Support base"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Southern_Unionists">Southern Unionists</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Unionist_Alliance&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Southern Unionists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Northern_and_Southern_Ireland.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Northern_and_Southern_Ireland.png/220px-Northern_and_Southern_Ireland.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Northern_and_Southern_Ireland.png/330px-Northern_and_Southern_Ireland.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6d/Northern_and_Southern_Ireland.png 2x" data-file-width="415" data-file-height="541" /></a><figcaption>Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland after partition</figcaption></figure> <p>The leadership of southern unionism was dominated by wealthy, well-educated men who wanted to live in Ireland, felt British and Irish, and who had Irish roots. Many were members of the privileged <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Irish" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Irish">Anglo-Irish</a> class, who valued their cultural affiliations with the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>, and had close personal connections to the aristocracy in Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This led to their pejorative description by some opponents as "<a href="/wiki/West_Brit" title="West Brit">West Brits</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were generally members of the Anglican <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Ireland" title="Church of Ireland">Church of Ireland</a>, although there were several notable <a href="/wiki/Catholic_unionist" title="Catholic unionist">Catholic unionists</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Valentine_Browne,_5th_Earl_of_Kenmare" title="Valentine Browne, 5th Earl of Kenmare">The 5th Earl of Kenmare</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Antony_MacDonnell,_1st_Baron_MacDonnell" title="Antony MacDonnell, 1st Baron MacDonnell">Sir Antony MacDonnell</a>. Many of the IUA's leading figures were associated with the <a href="/wiki/Kildare_Street_Club" title="Kildare Street Club">Kildare Street Club</a>, a gentleman's club in Dublin. The electoral support base of the IUA in southern Ireland was largely drawn from its Protestant population, many of whom were farmers, small business owners or Church of Ireland clergymen. In 1913, the IUA had a southern core of 683 members, with approximately 300,000 supporters spread across the three southern provinces.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 1919 <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Dockrell_(Unionist_politician)" title="Maurice Dockrell (Unionist politician)">Sir Maurice Dockrell</a> told the House of Commons that the supporting population was "about 350,000".<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The IUA never achieved "mass party" status in the south. Its local branches varied in strength, and generally followed geographic patterns of Protestant population density. As a result, the IUA's support base was severely limited to certain sections of the population, described as usually being "Protestant, anglicised, propertied and aristocratic".<sup id="cite_ref-auto_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although their numbers were small, a considerable amount of industry in Southern Ireland had been developed indigenously by Southern Unionist supporters. These included <a href="/wiki/Jacob%27s" title="Jacob's">Jacob's Biscuits</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bewley%27s" title="Bewley's">Bewley's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beamish_and_Crawford" title="Beamish and Crawford">Beamish and Crawford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brown_Thomas" title="Brown Thomas">Brown Thomas</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%26C_Group" title="C&C Group">Cantrell & Cochrane</a>, Denny's Sausages,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Findlaters,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jameson_Irish_Whiskey" title="Jameson Irish Whiskey">Jameson's Whiskey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odlums_Group" title="Odlums Group">W.P. & R. Odlum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Condensed_Milk_Company_of_Ireland" title="Condensed Milk Company of Ireland">Cleeve's</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%26H_Hall" title="R&H Hall">R&H Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Dockrell_(Unionist_politician)" title="Maurice Dockrell (Unionist politician)">Dockrell's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arnotts_(Ireland)" title="Arnotts (Ireland)">Arnott's</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elverys_Sports" title="Elverys Sports">Elverys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Goulding_Chemicals" title="Goulding Chemicals">Goulding Chemicals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smithwick%27s" title="Smithwick's">Smithwick's</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Irish_Times" title="The Irish Times">The Irish Times</a></i> and the <a href="/wiki/Guinness_brewery" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinness brewery">Guinness brewery</a>, then southern Ireland's largest company. They controlled financial entities such as the <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Ireland" title="Bank of Ireland">Bank of Ireland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Goodbody_Stockbrokers" title="Goodbody Stockbrokers">Goodbody Stockbrokers</a>. They were concerned that a new home rule state might create new taxes between them and their markets in Britain and the Empire, that would add to their costs and probably reduce sales and therefore employment. </p><p>Many Southern Unionist landowners had inherited large estates. From 1903, many of these were persuaded to sell land to their tenant farmers under the <a href="/wiki/Land_Purchase_(Ireland)_Act_1903" class="mw-redirect" title="Land Purchase (Ireland) Act 1903">Land Purchase (Ireland) Act 1903</a>. As a group, Southern Unionist landowners were richer than their fellow Irishmen by about £90 million by 1914, which would either stay in the Irish economy, given a favourable political arrangement, or leave if the outcome appeared too uncertain or too radical.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This temporarily gave them a voice far beyond their number in the Irish electorate. Some of the more progressive supporters of the IUA attempted to introduce a moderate form of devolution through the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Reform_Association" title="Irish Reform Association">Irish Reform Association</a>. Many Southern Unionists were members of the <a href="/wiki/Landed_gentry" title="Landed gentry">landed gentry</a>, and these were prominent in <a href="/wiki/Horse_breeding" title="Horse breeding">horse breeding</a> and <a href="/wiki/Horse_racing#Ireland" title="Horse racing">racing</a>, and as <a href="/wiki/Irish_military_diaspora#Britain" title="Irish military diaspora">British Army officers</a>. </p><p>Southern Unionists are regarded as having been considerably less confrontational than their Ulster neighbours.<sup id="cite_ref-auto6_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto6-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were always in the minority in southern Ireland, and many had close personal connections with figures in nationalist politics. As a group, they never threatened or organised violence in order to resist Home Rule or partition, and were generally placid in their politics.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lord Midleton described Southern Unionists as "lacking political insight and cohesion" and "restricting themselves to the easy task of attending meetings in Dublin".<sup id="cite_ref-auto6_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto6-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In discussing problems of civic morality in 2011 in the Republic of Ireland, former <a href="/wiki/Taoiseach" title="Taoiseach">Taoiseach</a> <a href="/wiki/Garret_FitzGerald" title="Garret FitzGerald">Garret FitzGerald</a> remarked that before 1922: "In Ireland a strong civic sense did exist – but mainly amongst Protestants and especially Anglicans".<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ulster_Unionists">Ulster Unionists</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Unionist_Alliance&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Ulster Unionists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ulster Unionists were largely Protestant <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian">Presbyterians</a>, rather than Anglicans. The <a href="/wiki/Ulster" title="Ulster">Ulster</a> support base was considerably more <a href="/wiki/Working_class" title="Working class">working class</a> than in the south. Although often led by aristocrats, the IUA attracted high levels of support in some of the poorer areas of <a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a>. Many Ulster Unionists were also drawn from the province's prosperous middle class, who had benefited greatly from heavy industrialisation in the region. As such, many in Northern Ireland supported unionism due to the industrial growth of Belfast after 1850, which depended on the economic integrity of the Union. The Protestant religious composition and concentration, motivation and ethos of the Ulster Unionists made its wing of the IUA distinct from unionists in the south, and a fear of <i><a href="/wiki/Rome_Rule" title="Rome Rule">Rome Rule</a></i> (the worry about a Catholic-controlled Irish parliament) dominated the political discourse. These factors made Ulster Unionists noticeably more confrontational and violent in their political rhetoric and action.<sup id="cite_ref-auto6_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto6-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the tense period between the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_Acts_1911_and_1949" title="Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949">Parliament Act 1911</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Home_Rule_Act_1914" class="mw-redirect" title="Home Rule Act 1914">Home Rule Act 1914</a>, the Ulster unionists created their own paramilitary group, the "<a href="/wiki/Ulster_Volunteers" title="Ulster Volunteers">Ulster Volunteers</a>", raising the spectre of civil war. The volunteer force was created by the then-leader of the Irish Unionist Alliance, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Carson" title="Edward Carson">Edward Carson</a>. This tradition of resistance to Irish nationalism would later manifest itself in groups such as the <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Defence_Association" title="Ulster Defence Association">Ulster Defence Association</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Volunteer_Force" title="Ulster Volunteer Force">Ulster Volunteer Force</a> during <a href="/wiki/The_Troubles" title="The Troubles">The Troubles</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leadership">Leadership</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Unionist_Alliance&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Leadership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Irish Unionist Alliance had no formal method of electing and deposing of its leadership, and leaders of the IUA were more informally 'acknowledged' by other prominent figures. The party's first leader was <a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_Kingdom)" title="Colonel (United Kingdom)">Colonel</a> <a href="/wiki/Edward_James_Saunderson" title="Edward James Saunderson">Edward James Saunderson</a>, a former Conservative Member of Parliament, who was most active in attempting to create an all-Ireland unionist movement. Towards the end of the party's existence, leadership became fractured between the northern and southern unionist movements within the alliance. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leaders">Leaders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Unionist_Alliance&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Leaders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Tenure </th></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">The Right Honourable</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Edward_James_Saunderson" title="Edward James Saunderson">Edward James Saunderson</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">MP for <a href="/wiki/North_Armagh_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="North Armagh (UK Parliament constituency)">North Armagh</a></span></td> <td>1891–1906 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">The Right Honourable</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Walter_Long,_1st_Viscount_Long" title="Walter Long, 1st Viscount Long">Walter Long</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">MP for <a href="/wiki/South_Dublin_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="South Dublin (UK Parliament constituency)">South Dublin</a></span></td> <td>1906–1910 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span style="font-size:85%;">The Right Honourable</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Edward_Carson" title="Edward Carson">Sir Edward Carson</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">MP for <a href="/wiki/Dublin_University_(constituency)" title="Dublin University (constituency)">Dublin University</a></span></td> <td>1910–1921 </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St_John_Brodrick,_1st_Earl_of_Midleton" title="St John Brodrick, 1st Earl of Midleton">The 9th Viscount Midleton</a> (1910–1919; created 1st <a href="/wiki/Viscount_Midleton" title="Viscount Midleton">Earl of Midleton</a> in 1920), as leader of the Southern Unionists</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Maxwell,_11th_Baron_Farnham" title="Arthur Maxwell, 11th Baron Farnham">The 11th Baron Farnham</a> (1919–1922), as leader of the Southern Unionists</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Unionist_Alliance&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">B. M. Walker, 'Political affiliations' in <i>Parliamentary Election Results in Ireland, 1801–1922</i> (Royal Irish Academy, 1978), xiv.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Jackson_(historian)" title="Alvin Jackson (historian)">Alvin Jackson</a>, <i>The Oxford Handbook of Modern Irish History</i> (Oxford University Press, 19 March 2014), 52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto3-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto3_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto3_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto3_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Graham Walker, <i>A History of the Ulster Unionist Party: Protest, Pragmastism and Pessimism</i> (Manchester University Press, 4 September 2004)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grenfell Morton, <i>Home Rule and the Irish Question</i> (Routledge, 15 July 2014), 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto4-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto4_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto4_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Travis L. Crosby, <i>Joseph Chamberlain: A Most Radical Imperialist</i> (I.B.Tauris, 30 March 2011), 102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alan O'Day, <i>Reactions to Irish Nationalism, 1865–1914</i> (Reactions to Irish Nationalism, 1865–1914), 385.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Graham Walker, <i>A History of the Ulster Unionist Party: Protest, Pragmastism and Pessimism</i> (Manchester University Press, 4 September 2004), 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alan O'Day, <i>Reactions to Irish Nationalism, 1865–1914</i> (Reactions to Irish Nationalism, 1865–1914), 374.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Ranelagh, <i>A Short History of Ireland</i> (Cambridge University Press, 11 October 2012), 180.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto7-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto7_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto7_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jeremy Smith, <i>Britain and Ireland: From Home Rule to Independence</i> (Routledge, 12 May 2014), 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">IUA, <i>Annual Reports, 1906–13</i>, reported in the party AGM, 25 April 1913.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto5-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto5_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto5_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto5_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pádraig Yeates, <i>Dublin: A City in Turmoil: Dublin 1919 – 1921</i> (Gill & Macmillan Ltd, 28 September 2012)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas Hennessey, <i>Dividing Ireland: World War One and Partition</i> (Routledge, 20 June 2005), 186.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto2-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Desmond Keenan, <i>Ireland Within The Union 1800–1921</i> (Xlibris Corporation), p. 228.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. K. Peatling, ‘The last defence of the Union? The Round Table and Ireland, 1910–1925’, in Andrea Bosco and Alex May, eds., <i>The Round Table: the empire/commonwealth and British foreign policy</i> (London, 1997), p. 291</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Alan O'Day, <i>Reactions to Irish Nationalism, 1865–1914</i> (Bloomsbury Publishing, 1 July 1987), 378.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alan O'Day, <i>Reactions to Irish Nationalism, 1865–1914</i> (Bloomsbury Publishing, 1 July 1987), 386.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jackson, Alvin, <i>Home Rule: An Irish History 1800—2000</i>, Phoenix Press (2003), <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7538-1767-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7538-1767-5">0-7538-1767-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alvin Jackson, <i>The Two Unions: Ireland, Scotland, and the Survival of the United Kingdom, 1707–2007</i> (Oxford University Press, 2012), 309.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Kendle, <i>Ireland and the Federal Solution: The Debate over the United Kingdom Constitution, 1870–1920</i> (McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP, 1 January 1989), 231.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Colin Reid, 'Stephen Gwynn and the Failure of Constitutional Nationalism in Ireland, 1919 – 1921', <i>The Historical Journal</i>, 53, 3 (2010), pp. 723–745</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oireachtas-debates.gov.ie:80/D/0002/D.0002.192212060009.html">Senate nominations, 6 December 1922</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110609125423/http://www.oireachtas-debates.gov.ie/D/0002/D.0002.192212060009.html">Archived</a> 9 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">D.George Boyce, Alan O'Day, <i>Defenders of the Union: A Survey of British and Irish Unionism Since 1801</i> (Routledge, 4 January 2002 ), 123.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reform.org/TheReformMovement_files/article_files/articles/cork.htm">"Welcome reform.org - BlueHost.com"</a>. <i>www.reform.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.reform.org&rft.atitle=Welcome+reform.org+-+BlueHost.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.reform.org%2FTheReformMovement_files%2Farticle_files%2Farticles%2Fcork.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Unionist+Alliance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101124162708/http://www.gillmacmillan.ie/history/history/the-year-of-disappearances">"Gill & Macmillan - History - the Year of Disappearances"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gillmacmillan.ie/history/history/the-year-of-disappearances">the original</a> on 24 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gill+%26+Macmillan+-+History+-+the+Year+of+Disappearances&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gillmacmillan.ie%2Fhistory%2Fhistory%2Fthe-year-of-disappearances&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Unionist+Alliance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.independent.ie/opinion/analysis/historical-detective-trail-reveals-ethnic-cleansing-by-ira-in-cork-2410682.html">"Historical detective trail reveals 'ethnic cleansing' by IRA in Cork – Independent.ie"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historical+detective+trail+reveals+%27ethnic+cleansing%27+by+IRA+in+Cork+%E2%80%93+Independent.ie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.ie%2Fopinion%2Fanalysis%2Fhistorical-detective-trail-reveals-ethnic-cleansing-by-ira-in-cork-2410682.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Unionist+Alliance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reform.org/TheReformMovement_files/article_files/articles/southernunis.htm">1998 Review of "Crisis and Decline; the fate of the Southern Unionists"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110222065415/http://www.reform.org/TheReformMovement_files/article_files/articles/southernunis.htm">Archived</a> 22 February 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> by <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Wheatcroft" title="Geoffrey Wheatcroft">Geoffrey Wheatcroft</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">B. M. Walker, <i>Parliamentary Election Results in Ireland, 1801–1922</i> (Royal Irish Academy, 1978)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alan O'Day, <i>Reactions to Irish Nationalism, 1865–1914</i> (Bloomsbury Publishing, 1 July 1987), 384.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Bence-Jones, Mark <i>Twilight of the Ascendancy" Constable, London 1993 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-09-472350-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-09-472350-4">978-0-09-472350-4</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Alan O'Day, <i>Reactions to Irish Nationalism, 1865–1914</i> (Bloomsbury Publishing, 1 July 1987), 370–371.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://muse.jhu.edu/login?uri=/journals/eire-ireland/v040/40.3curtis.html">"L Perry Curtis essay 2005, <i>The Last Gasp of Southern Unionism: Lord Ashtown of Woodlawn</i> Éire-Ireland journal, Volume 40:3&4, Fómhar/Geimhreadh / Fall/Winter 2005, pp. 140–188"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L+Perry+Curtis+essay+2005%2C+The+Last+Gasp+of+Southern+Unionism%3A+Lord+Ashtown+of+Woodlawn+%C3%89ire-Ireland+journal%2C+Volume+40%3A3%264%2C+F%C3%B3mhar%2FGeimhreadh+%2F+Fall%2FWinter+2005%2C+pp.+140%E2%80%93188&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Flogin%3Furi%3D%2Fjournals%2Feire-ireland%2Fv040%2F40.3curtis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Unionist+Alliance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://multitext.ucc.ie/d/Ireland_culture__religion_1912-49#17IrelandandtheCatholicWorld">UCC article with numbers in 1921 and 1926</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060821205145/http://multitext.ucc.ie/d/Ireland_culture__religion_1912-49">Archived</a> 21 August 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Debate on the Local Government (Ireland) Bill, 24 March 1919</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.ie/business/farming/farm-property/a-mansion-built-on-rashers-former-home-and-lands-of-rasher-baron-abraham-denny-on-the-market-for-22m-38052792.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'A mansion built on rashers' - Former home and lands of rasher baron Abraham Denny on the market for €2.2m"</a>. <i>independent</i>. 26 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=independent&rft.atitle=%27A+mansion+built+on+rashers%27+-+Former+home+and+lands+of+rasher+baron+Abraham+Denny+on+the+market+for+%E2%82%AC2.2m&rft.date=2019-04-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.ie%2Fbusiness%2Ffarming%2Ffarm-property%2Fa-mansion-built-on-rashers-former-home-and-lands-of-rasher-baron-abraham-denny-on-the-market-for-22m-38052792.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Unionist+Alliance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.findlaters.com/chapter6.html">"Findlaters - Chapter 6 - A Southern Unionist Businessman: Adam Findlater (1855‒1911)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Findlaters+-+Chapter+6+-+A+Southern+Unionist+Businessman%3A+Adam+Findlater+%281855%E2%80%921911%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.findlaters.com%2Fchapter6.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Unionist+Alliance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/written-answers/1915/feb/11/land-purchase-ireland">"Land Purchase (Ireland). (Hansard, 11 February 1915)"</a>. <i>api.parliament.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=api.parliament.uk&rft.atitle=Land+Purchase+%28Ireland%29.+%28Hansard%2C+11+February+1915%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.parliament.uk%2Fhistoric-hansard%2Fwritten-answers%2F1915%2Ffeb%2F11%2Fland-purchase-ireland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIrish+Unionist+Alliance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto6-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto6_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto6_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto6_38-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Alan O'Day, <i>Reactions to Irish Nationalism, 1865–1914</i> (Bloomsbury Publishing, 1 July 1987), 369.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alan O'Day, <i>Reactions to Irish Nationalism, 1865–1914</i> (Bloomsbury Publishing, 1 July 1987), 376.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Ireland's lack of civic morality grounded in our history", <a href="/wiki/Irish_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Times">Irish Times</a> 9 April 2011, p.14</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Unionist_Alliance&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Barberis, Peter, John McHugh and Mike Tyldesley, 2005. Encyclopedia of British and Irish Political Organisations. London: Continuum International Publishing Group. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8264-5814-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8264-5814-9">0-8264-5814-9</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-5814-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-5814-8">978-0-8264-5814-8</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Irish_Unionist_Alliance&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Irish_Unionist_Party" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Irish Unionist Party">Irish Unionist Party</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/homerulebillinco00iris"><i>The Home rule bill in committee, session, 1893</i></a> from <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111015170051/http://mary-kenny.com/published_articles/Southern-Unionists.htm">"60 Years on: the “Southern Unionists”, the Crown and the Irish Republic"</a> essay by <a href="/wiki/Mary_Kenny" title="Mary Kenny">Mary Kenny</a> in <i>Studies</i>, Dublin 2009</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Historic_Irish_parties" title="Template:Historic Irish parties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Historic_Irish_parties" title="Template talk:Historic Irish parties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Historic_Irish_parties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Historic Irish parties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Defunct_political_parties_in_Ireland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Defunct political parties in <span class="adr"><span class="country-name"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">to 1918</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Irish_Home_Rule_movement" title="Irish Home Rule movement">Home Rule</a>/<a href="/wiki/Irish_nationalism" title="Irish nationalism">Nationalist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-for-Ireland_League" title="All-for-Ireland League">All-for-Ireland League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Union" title="Catholic Union">Catholic Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healyite_Nationalist" title="Healyite Nationalist">Healyite Nationalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_Government_Association" title="Home Government Association">Home Government Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_Rule_League" title="Home Rule League">Home Rule League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Irish_Party" title="Independent Irish Party">Independent Irish Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_National_Federation" title="Irish National Federation">Irish National Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_National_League" title="Irish National League">Irish National League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Parliamentary_Party" title="Irish Parliamentary Party">Irish Parliamentary Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Patriot_Party" title="Irish Patriot Party">Irish Patriot Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Reform_Association" title="Irish Reform Association">Irish Reform Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Socialist_Republican_Party" title="Irish Socialist Republican Party">Irish Socialist Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repeal_Association" title="Repeal Association">Repeal Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Irish_League" title="United Irish League">United Irish League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unionism_in_Ireland" title="Unionism in Ireland">Unionist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Conservative_Party" title="Irish Conservative Party">Irish Conservative Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Irish Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Loyal_and_Patriotic_Union" title="Irish Loyal and Patriotic Union">Irish Loyal and Patriotic Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Metropolitan_Conservative_Society" title="Irish Metropolitan Conservative Society">Irish Metropolitan Conservative Society</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Irish Unionist Alliance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pan-UK parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radicals_(UK)" title="Radicals (UK)">Radicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tories_(British_political_party)" title="Tories (British political party)">Tories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whigs_(British_political_party)" title="Whigs (British political party)">Whigs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">post 1918</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Far-left_politics" title="Far-left politics">far-left</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_and_Irish_Communist_Organisation" title="British and Irish Communist Organisation">British and Irish Communist Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Organisation_in_the_British_Isles" title="Communist Organisation in the British Isles">Communist Organisation in the British Isles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Ireland_(1933)" title="Communist Party of Ireland (1933)">Communist Party of Ireland (1933)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Ireland_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)" title="Communist Party of Ireland (Marxist–Leninist)">Communist Party of Ireland (Marxist–Leninist)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Socialist_Party_(Ireland)" title="Independent Socialist Party (Ireland)">Independent Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Worker_League" title="Irish Worker League">Irish Worker League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Workers_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish Workers Group">Irish Workers Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Workers%27_Group_(1976)" title="Irish Workers' Group (1976)">Irish Workers' Group (1976)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Workers%27_Party_(1926)" title="Irish Workers' Party (1926)">Irish Workers' Party (1926)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Workers%27_Party" title="Irish Workers' Party">Irish Workers' Party (1948)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_of_Communist_Republicans" title="League of Communist Republicans">League of Communist Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_for_a_Workers%27_Republic" title="League for a Workers' Republic">League for a Workers' Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peadar_Cowan#The_Vanguard_Movement" title="Peadar Cowan">Vanguard Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Democracy_(Ireland)" title="People's Democracy (Ireland)">People's Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Congress" title="Republican Congress">Republican Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Socialist_Collective" title="Republican Socialist Collective">Republican Socialist Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Workers%27_Groups" title="Revolutionary Workers' Groups">Revolutionary Workers' Groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saor_%C3%89ire" title="Saor Éire">Saor Éire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Ireland_(1904)" title="Socialist Party of Ireland (1904)">Socialist Party of Ireland (1904)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Ireland_(1971)" title="Socialist Party of Ireland (1971)">Socialist Party of Ireland (1971)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Socialist_Party_(Ireland)" title="World Socialist Party (Ireland)">World Socialist Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">Socialist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">left-wing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cork_Socialist_Party" title="Cork Socialist Party">Cork Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Left_(Ireland)" title="Democratic Left (Ireland)">Democratic Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Socialist_Party_(Ireland)" title="Democratic Socialist Party (Ireland)">Democratic Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="National Labour Party (Ireland)">National Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Progressive_Democrats" title="National Progressive Democrats">National Progressive Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sligo%E2%80%93Leitrim_Independent_Socialist_Organisation" title="Sligo–Leitrim Independent Socialist Organisation">Sligo–Leitrim Independent Socialist Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Labour_Party_(Ireland)" title="Socialist Labour Party (Ireland)">Socialist Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Left_(Ireland)" title="United Left (Ireland)">United Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Left_Alliance" title="United Left Alliance">United Left Alliance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Irish_republicanism" title="Irish republicanism">Republican</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irish_nationalism" title="Irish nationalism">nationalist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_Ireland_Anti-Partition_League" title="All Ireland Anti-Partition League">All Ireland Anti-Partition League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti_H-Block" title="Anti H-Block">Anti H-Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aontacht_%C3%89ireann" title="Aontacht Éireann">Aontacht Éireann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clann_%C3%89ireann" title="Clann Éireann">Clann Éireann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clann_na_Poblachta" title="Clann na Poblachta">Clann na Poblachta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumann_na_Poblachta" title="Cumann na Poblachta">Cumann na Poblachta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumann_Poblachta_na_h%C3%89ireann" title="Cumann Poblachta na hÉireann">Cumann Poblachta na hÉireann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Fianna_F%C3%A1il" title="Independent Fianna Fáil">Independent Fianna Fáil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Anti-Partition_League" title="Irish Anti-Partition League">Irish Anti-Partition League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Independence_Party" title="Irish Independence Party">Irish Independence Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_(Ireland,_1924)" title="National Party (Ireland, 1924)">National Party (1924)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Council_for_Unity" title="Northern Council for Unity">Northern Council for Unity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Community_Democrats_of_Ireland" title="Community Democrats of Ireland">Community Democrats of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Ireland" title="Liberal Party of Ireland">Liberal Party of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Democrats" title="Progressive Democrats">Progressive Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Social_and_Progressive_League" title="Women's Social and Progressive League">Women's Social and Progressive League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Agrarianism" title="Agrarianism">Agrarian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clann_na_Talmhan" title="Clann na Talmhan">Clann na Talmhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmers%27_Party_(Ireland)" title="Farmers' Party (Ireland)">Farmers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_(Ireland)" title="National Democratic Party (Ireland)">National Democratic Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservative</a> and <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">right-wing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Business_and_Professional_Group" title="Business and Professional Group">Business and Professional Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cork_Civic_Party" title="Cork Civic Party">Cork Civic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumann_na_nGaedheal" title="Cumann na nGaedheal">Cumann na nGaedheal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertas_Ireland" title="Libertas Ireland">Libertas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Centre_Party_(Ireland)" title="National Centre Party (Ireland)">National Centre Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_League_Party" title="National League Party">National League Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Credit_Party_(Ireland)" title="Social Credit Party (Ireland)">Social Credit Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Christian right</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Democrats_(Ireland)" title="Catholic Democrats (Ireland)">Catholic Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Centrist_Party" title="Christian Centrist Party">Christian Centrist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_Dublin_Bay_Rockall_Loftus#Political_career" title="Seán Dublin Bay Rockall Loftus">Christian Democrat Party of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Solidarity_Party" title="Christian Solidarity Party">Christian Solidarity Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muintir_na_h%C3%89ireann" title="Muintir na hÉireann">Muintir na hÉireann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poblacht_Chr%C3%ADost%C3%BAil" title="Poblacht Chríostúil">Poblacht Chríostúil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unionism_in_Ireland" title="Unionism in Ireland">Unionist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donegal_Progressive_Party" title="Donegal Progressive Party">Donegal Progressive Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Centre_Party_(1919)" title="Irish Centre Party (1919)">Irish Centre Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Dominion_League" title="Irish Dominion League">Irish Dominion League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unionist_Anti-Partition_League" title="Unionist Anti-Partition League">Unionist Anti-Partition League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Far-right" class="mw-redirect" title="Far-right">Far-right</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ailtir%C3%AD_na_hAis%C3%A9irghe" title="Ailtirí na hAiséirghe">Ailtirí na hAiséirghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3ras_na_Poblachta" title="Córas na Poblachta">Córas na Poblachta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_Ireland" title="Identity Ireland">Identity Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_Control_Platform" title="Immigration Control Platform">Immigration Control Platform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Monetary_Reform_Association" title="Irish Monetary Reform Association">Irish Monetary Reform Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lia_F%C3%A1il_(political_party)" title="Lia Fáil (political party)">Lia Fáil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Corporate_Party" title="National Corporate Party">National Corporate Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Irish_Workers_Party" title="National Socialist Irish Workers Party">National Socialist Irish Workers Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fathers_Rights-Responsibility_Party" title="Fathers Rights-Responsibility Party">Fathers Rights-Responsibility Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Health_Alliance" title="Independent Health Alliance">Independent Health Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Democratic_Party" title="Irish Democratic Party">Irish Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Monarchist_Society" title="Irish Monarchist Society">Irish Monarchist Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_Law_Party#Ireland" title="Natural Law Party">Natural Law Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Vision_(electoral_alliance)" title="New Vision (electoral alliance)">New Vision</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Politics of the Republic of Ireland">Politics of the Republic of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Political_parties_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Template:Political parties in the Republic of Ireland">Current political parties in the Republic of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Elections in the Republic of Ireland">Elections in the Republic of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="List of political parties by country">List of political parties by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ulster_Unionist_Party" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#48A5EE;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ulster_Unionist_Party" title="Template:Ulster Unionist Party"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ulster_Unionist_Party" title="Template talk:Ulster Unionist Party"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ulster_Unionist_Party" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ulster Unionist Party"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ulster_Unionist_Party" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party" title="Ulster Unionist Party"><span style="color:white;">Ulster Unionist Party</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#48A5EE;color:white;"><a href="/wiki/Leaders_of_the_Ulster_Unionist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Leaders of the Ulster Unionist Party">Leaders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edward_James_Saunderson" title="Edward James Saunderson">Saunderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Long,_1st_Viscount_Long" title="Walter Long, 1st Viscount Long">Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Carson" title="Edward Carson">Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Craig,_1st_Viscount_Craigavon" title="James Craig, 1st Viscount Craigavon">Craigavon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._M._Andrews" title="J. M. Andrews">Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_Brooke,_1st_Viscount_Brookeborough" title="Basil Brooke, 1st Viscount Brookeborough">Brookeborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terence_O%27Neill" title="Terence O'Neill">O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Chichester-Clark" title="James Chichester-Clark">Chichester-Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Faulkner" title="Brian Faulkner">Faulkner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_West" title="Harry West">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Molyneaux,_Baron_Molyneaux_of_Killead" title="James Molyneaux, Baron Molyneaux of Killead">Molyneaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Trimble" title="David Trimble">Trimble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reg_Empey" title="Reg Empey">Empey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Elliott_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom Elliott (politician)">Elliott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Nesbitt" title="Mike Nesbitt">Nesbitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Swann" title="Robin Swann">Swann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Aiken" title="Steve Aiken">Aiken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doug_Beattie" title="Doug Beattie">Beattie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#48A5EE;color:white;">Deputy Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harold_McCusker" title="Harold McCusker">McCusker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Taylor,_Baron_Kilclooney" title="John Taylor, Baron Kilclooney">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reg_Empey" title="Reg Empey">Empey</a> & <a href="/wiki/Roy_Beggs" title="Roy Beggs">Beggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Kennedy_(politician)" title="Danny Kennedy (politician)">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCallister" title="John McCallister">McCallister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robbie_Butler" title="Robbie Butler">Butler</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#48A5EE;color:white;">Chairman</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Rogan,_Baron_Rogan" title="Dennis Rogan, Baron Rogan">Rogan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Cooper_(UUP_Chairman)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James Cooper (UUP Chairman) (page does not exist)">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Campbell_(Northern_Ireland_politician,_born_1965)" title="David Campbell (Northern Ireland politician, born 1965)">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reg_Empey" title="Reg Empey">Empey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danny_Kennedy_(politician)" title="Danny Kennedy (politician)">Kennedy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#48A5EE;color:white;"><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party_Presidents_and_General_Secretaries" title="Ulster Unionist Party Presidents and General Secretaries">President</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Hamilton,_2nd_Duke_of_Abercorn" title="James Hamilton, 2nd Duke of Abercorn">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Craig,_1st_Viscount_Craigavon" title="James Craig, 1st Viscount Craigavon">Craig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._M._Andrews" title="J. M. Andrews">J. M. Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Dixon,_1st_Baron_Glentoran" title="Herbert Dixon, 1st Baron Glentoran">Dixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_Brooke,_1st_Viscount_Brookeborough" title="Basil Brooke, 1st Viscount Brookeborough">Brooke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Graham" title="Clarence Graham">Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Andrews" title="Jack Andrews">J. L. O. Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Glencairn_Cunningham" title="James Glencairn Cunningham">J. G. Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_George_Clark,_3rd_Baronet" title="Sir George Clark, 3rd Baronet">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josias_Cunningham" title="Josias Cunningham">J. Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Smyth" title="Martin Smyth">Smyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Rogan,_Baron_Rogan" title="Dennis Rogan, Baron Rogan">Rogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_John_White" title="Robert John White">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_Steele" title="May Steele">Steele</a> (honorary)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#48A5EE;color:white;"><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party_Presidents_and_General_Secretaries" title="Ulster Unionist Party Presidents and General Secretaries">General Secretary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=T._H._Gibson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="T. H. Gibson (page does not exist)">Gibson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawson_Bates" title="Dawson Bates">Bates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilson_Hungerford" title="Wilson Hungerford">Hungerford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Douglas_(politician)" title="Billy Douglas (politician)">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Bailie" title="Jim Bailie">Bailie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_Hutton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Norman Hutton (page does not exist)">Hutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Millar_Jr" title="Frank Millar Jr">Millar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Wilson_(Northern_Ireland_politician)" title="Jim Wilson (Northern Ireland politician)">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Boyd_(politician)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Boyd (politician) (page does not exist)">Boyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alastair_Patterson" title="Alastair Patterson">Patterson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyle_Rea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lyle Rea (page does not exist)">Rea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Will_Corry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Will Corry (page does not exist)">Corry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Wilson_(Northern_Ireland_politician)" title="Jim Wilson (Northern Ireland politician)">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colin_McCusker&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colin McCusker (page does not exist)">C. McCusker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#48A5EE;color:white;">Leadership elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1969_Ulster_Unionist_Party_leadership_election" title="1969 Ulster Unionist Party leadership election">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_Ulster_Unionist_Party_leadership_election" title="1971 Ulster Unionist Party leadership election">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Ulster_Unionist_Party_leadership_election" title="1974 Ulster Unionist Party leadership election">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Ulster_Unionist_Party_leadership_election" title="1979 Ulster Unionist Party leadership election">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1995_Ulster_Unionist_Party_leadership_election" title="March 1995 Ulster Unionist Party leadership election">March 1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1995_Ulster_Unionist_Party_leadership_election" title="September 1995 Ulster Unionist Party leadership election">September 1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Ulster_Unionist_Party_leadership_election" title="2000 Ulster Unionist Party leadership election">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Ulster_Unionist_Party_leadership_election" title="2004 Ulster Unionist Party leadership election">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Ulster_Unionist_Party_leadership_election" title="2005 Ulster Unionist Party leadership election">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Ulster_Unionist_Party_leadership_election" title="2010 Ulster Unionist Party leadership election">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Ulster_Unionist_Party_leadership_election" title="2012 Ulster Unionist Party leadership election">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Ulster_Unionist_Party_leadership_election" title="2017 Ulster Unionist Party leadership election">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Ulster_Unionist_Party_leadership_election" title="2019 Ulster Unionist Party leadership election">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Ulster_Unionist_Party_leadership_election" title="2021 Ulster Unionist Party leadership election">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Ulster_Unionist_Party_leadership_election" title="2024 Ulster Unionist Party leadership election">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#48A5EE;color:white;">Organisational structure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Young_Unionists" title="Young Unionists">Young Unionists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#48A5EE;color:white;"><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party#History" title="Ulster Unionist Party">History and<br /> related organisations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Progenitor: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Irish Unionist Alliance</a></li> <li>Allies: <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Labour_Association" title="Ulster Unionist Labour Association">Labour Unionists</a>/<a href="/wiki/Liberal_Unionist_Party" title="Liberal Unionist Party">Liberal Unionist</a>/<a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservatives</a></li> <li>Offshoots: <a href="/wiki/Vanguard_Unionist_Progressive_Party" title="Vanguard Unionist Progressive Party">Vanguard</a> (1973–78)/<a href="/wiki/NI21" title="NI21">NI21</a> (2013-16)</li> <li>Electoral alliance: <a href="/wiki/Ulster_Conservatives_and_Unionists" title="Ulster Conservatives and Unionists">UCUNF</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#48A5EE;color:white;">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ulster_Unionist_Party_MPs" title="List of Ulster Unionist Party MPs">List of Ulster Unionist Party MPs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party_Presidents_and_General_Secretaries" title="Ulster Unionist Party Presidents and General Secretaries">Ulster Unionist Party Presidents and General Secretaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ulster_Unionist_Party_Peers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ulster Unionist Party Peers">List of Ulster Unionist Party Peers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#48A5EE;color:white;">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Chief_Whip" title="Ulster Unionist Chief Whip">Chief Whip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_Unionist_Party_election_results" title="Ulster Unionist Party election results">Election results</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_the_Ulster_Unionist_Party" title="Electoral history of the Ulster Unionist Party">Electoral history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Irish_Unionist_Alliance&oldid=1216950511">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Irish_Unionist_Alliance&oldid=1216950511</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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