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div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">Jane Gomeldon</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Jane_Gomeldon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Jane_Gomeldon.jpg/250px-Jane_Gomeldon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Jane_Gomeldon.jpg/330px-Jane_Gomeldon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Jane_Gomeldon.jpg/500px-Jane_Gomeldon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1072" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Born</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Jane Middleton<br />c. 1720<br /><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle upon Tyne</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Died</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">10 July 1779<span style="display:none">(1779-07-10)</span> (aged 58–59)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role" style="line-height:1.4em;">writer, poet, adventurer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.2em; padding-right:0.65em;">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.4em;">Captain Francis Gomeldon</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jane Gomeldon</b> (<i>née</i> <b>Jane Middleton</b>; <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1720</span> – 10 July 1779)<sup id="cite_ref-Smith1863_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith1863-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was an English writer, poet and adventurer. Her writing has gained her posthumous recognition as an early <a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">feminist</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jane_Gomeldon&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jane Middleton was born in the <a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle</a> area, the daughter of a <a href="/wiki/Quaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Quaker">Quaker</a> family of <a href="/wiki/Glassmaker" class="mw-redirect" title="Glassmaker">glassmakers</a>. She was well-educated in philosophy, science, and languages.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At a young age, she married Captain Francis Gomeldon, an officer in Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Bruce_Hope" title="John Bruce Hope">John Bruce Hope</a>'s <a href="/wiki/De_Grangues%27s_Regiment" title="De Grangues's Regiment">Regiment of Foot</a>, and a friend of <a href="/wiki/George_Bowes_(MP_for_County_Durham)" title="George Bowes (MP for County Durham)">George Bowes</a>, the coal proprietor. </p><p>Soon after her marriage, she fled to France and, according to the <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionary_of_National_Biography" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford Dictionary of National Biography">Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</a></i>, she proceeded to have many adventures, disguised as a man. These included paying court to a young nun whom she almost persuaded to elope with her.<sup id="cite_ref-dnb_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnb-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1740, her husband placed an advertisement in the <i>Newcastle Journal</i> announcing that she had left him and asking for her to return. Jane Gomeldon undertook an unusual response by placing her own advertisement in the rival <i>Newcastle Courant</i>, explaining that she had left him because of his cruelty to her and because he was intermeddling with the fortune that her mother had left her, secured for her sole and separate use.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1742, she brought a separation suit to court, against her husband, on the grounds of cruelty.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Her husband died and his will was proved in February 1750/1. However, she was not a beneficiary of the will as he left all her property to a nephew, Thomas Lake.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>She took an interest in the Lying-in Hospital, which was built in Rosemary Lane, Newcastle, in 1760 as an 'asylum for pregnant married women'. In March 1766, she wrote to <a href="/wiki/William_Cavendish-Bentinck,_3rd_Duke_of_Portland" title="William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland">William Cavendish-Bentinck</a>, 3rd Duke of Portland, referring to the duke's position as the head of that charity, making proposals relating to the hospital and to making the charity more extensive. Her first book, published in the same year, was sold by subscription to raise money for this charity. </p><p>According to the Dictionary of National Biography, she fell in love with the name of Captain <a href="/wiki/James_Cook" title="James Cook">James Cook</a> and wished to accompany him on his first voyage around the world. She seems to have been a cousin of <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Parkinson" title="Sydney Parkinson">Sydney Parkinson</a> who was employed by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Banks" title="Joseph Banks">Joseph Banks</a> and who travelled on that voyage, although their exact relationship is uncertain.<sup id="cite_ref-dnb_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnb-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A letter from Gomeldon (addressed to Parkinson as "Dear Cousin") is published in the preface to the first published edition of Parkinson's journal.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The letter, dated 29 January 1773 relates to an attempt to "suppress" the book by Dr. Hawkesworth (who was also publishing an account of the voyage) and who filed a bill in chancery against Parkinson, claiming that Parkinson had invaded his property by printing manuscripts and engraving designs, which he sold to Joseph Banks. Gomeldon's letter provided some evidence against this claim. </p><p>Jane Gomeldon died "at an advanced age" on 10 July 1779. Her death was reported in the <i>Newcastle Courant</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Medley">The Medley</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jane_Gomeldon&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: The Medley"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Her first book, <i>The Medley</i>, was published for the benefit of the Lying-in Hospital—a charity for poor women.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A number of prominent people subscribed to the book and it raised some £53. The work is written as a series of satirical essays, peopled by characters who are gently ridiculed by the author: they have names such as Lord and Lady Magnesia, Miss Clairvoyan and Lady Elizabeth Bizzare. As well as highlighting the pomposities and hypocrisies of the age, the book also tackles issues sometimes considered taboo, including female education, cross-dressing and female adultery. </p><p>The essays are written in the first person, from the point of view of a fictional male narrator. Gomeldon writes: </p> <dl><dd>"I am Son to a Man, more rich than willing to part with his Money—and of a lady whose high Birth and genteel Accomplishments, inclined her much to lay out what Money she could..."</dd></dl> <p>The narrator goes on to describe his (fictional) father: </p> <dl><dd>"...not one of the Children resembled himself, and it was continually remarked, that one Child was like one Gentleman, another Child like another Gentleman: As for myself, I was reckoned like a whole Regiment; and what was very singular, this very Regiment had been quartered in our Neighbourood the Year I was born."</dd></dl> <p>A recurring theme is the need for men to improve themselves to be fit companions for women. For example, in the first essay, Gomeldon writes: </p> <dl><dd>"...Ladies at present value themselves upon more than merely knowing domestic life;—they exclude not themselves from any thing! and when one sees them thus accomplished, 'tis an additional spur to write for the gentlemen, to render them fit to be their companions!"</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Maxims">Maxims</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jane_Gomeldon&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Maxims"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Her other major work was <i>Maxims</i>, published in 1779.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This consists of 57 "maxims" or moral proverbs of her own devising; for example, maxim <i>LVII</i>: </p> <dl><dd>"Praise is the Offspring of Esteem,</dd> <dd>And Affection the Parent of Praise."</dd></dl> <p>Some have a slightly harder satirical or radical edge, such as maxim <i>LI</i>: </p> <dl><dd>"When the Nobles become dissolute, the</dd> <dd>People in general grow licentious, and</dd> <dd>Many of the Clergy lax, as a Number of</dd> <dd>Benefices originate in corrupt Patrons."</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_works">Other works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jane_Gomeldon&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jane Gomeldon wrote a poem entitled "Happiness", and addressed to "Dear, Faithful Ann". It was published by Isaac Thompson in 1773.<sup id="cite_ref-dnb_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnb-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jane_Gomeldon&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Smith1863-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Smith1863_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJoseph_Smith1863" class="citation book cs1">Joseph Smith (1863). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8EItAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA848"><i>A Descriptive Catalogue of Friends' Books: Or Books Written by Members of the Society of Friends, Commonly Called Quakers, from Their First Rise to the Present Time, Interspersed with Critical Remarks, and Occasional Biographical Notices ...</i></a> Joseph Smith. p. 848.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Descriptive+Catalogue+of+Friends%27+Books%3A+Or+Books+Written+by+Members+of+the+Society+of+Friends%2C+Commonly+Called+Quakers%2C+from+Their+First+Rise+to+the+Present+Time%2C+Interspersed+with+Critical+Remarks%2C+and+Occasional+Biographical+Notices+...&rft.pages=848&rft.pub=Joseph+Smith&rft.date=1863&rft.au=Joseph+Smith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8EItAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA848&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJane+Gomeldon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBlain1990" class="citation book cs1">Blain, Virginia (1990). Clements, Patricia; Grundy, Isobel (eds.). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/feministcompanio00blai"><i>The Feminist Companion to Literature in English</i></a></span>. Yale, University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-04854-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-04854-8"><bdi>0-300-04854-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Feminist+Companion+to+Literature+in+English&rft.pub=Yale%2C+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-300-04854-8&rft.aulast=Blain&rft.aufirst=Virginia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffeministcompanio00blai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJane+Gomeldon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dnb-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dnb_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dnb_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dnb_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">H. C. G. Matthews and Brian Harrison (editors): <i>The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i>, Oxford University Press, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-861366-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-861366-0">0-19-861366-0</a>,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bailey, Joanne, <i>Unquiet Lives: marriage and marriage breakdown in England 1660–1800</i>, Cambridge University Press, 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-81058-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-81058-2">0-521-81058-2</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Gomeldon v Gomeldon</i> National Archives, Court of Chancery: Six Clerks Office: Pleadings 1714 to 1758, reference C 11/803/22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bailey, Joanne (2001), <i>Voices in court: lawyers' or litigants'?</i>. Historical Research 74 (186), 392–408. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2F1468-2281.00134">10.1111/1468-2281.00134</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Will of Francis Gomeldon; National Archives catalogue reference: Records of the Prerogative Court of Canterbury PROB 11/785</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Sydney Parkinson's Journal of a Voyage to the South Seas, in His Majesty's Ship, The Endeavour</i>, London: 1773</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Sykes, <i>Local Records</i>, 1833</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Gomeldon: <i>The Medley, consisting of thirty-one essays on various subjects presented by the author to one of the governesses of the lying-in hospital in Newcastle to be printed for the benefit of that charity</i>, Newcastle, 1766. Printed by J. White and T. Saint</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Gomeldon: <i>Maxims</i>, Newcastle, 1779; printed by T. Saint and sold by M. Turnbull. 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