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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_Union" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_Union"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>European Union</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_Union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Israel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Netherlands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Netherlands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Netherlands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Netherlands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philippines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philippines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Philippines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philippines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-United_States-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle United States subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._House_of_Representatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>U.S. House of Representatives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._House_of_Representatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-States_as_at-large_congressional_districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#States_as_at-large_congressional_districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>States as at-large congressional districts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-States_as_at-large_congressional_districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Former_at-large_congressional_districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_at-large_congressional_districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.2</span> <span>Former at-large congressional districts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_at-large_congressional_districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-voting_at-large_congressional_districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-voting_at-large_congressional_districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.3</span> <span>Non-voting at-large congressional districts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-voting_at-large_congressional_districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Former_non-voting_at-large_congressional_districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_non-voting_at-large_congressional_districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.4</span> <span>Former non-voting at-large congressional districts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_non-voting_at-large_congressional_districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Simultaneous_at-large_and_sub-state-size_congressional_districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Simultaneous_at-large_and_sub-state-size_congressional_districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.5</span> <span>Simultaneous at-large and sub-state-size congressional districts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Simultaneous_at-large_and_sub-state-size_congressional_districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>State elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-State_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Local elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Territorial_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Territorial_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Territorial elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Territorial_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Form of political representation</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the selection of sports teams, see <a href="/wiki/Wild_card_(sports)#College_and_university_sports" title="Wild card (sports)">At-large bid</a>.</div> <p><b>At large</b> (<i>before a noun</i>: <b>at-large</b>) is a description for members of a governing body who are <a href="/wiki/Election" title="Election">elected</a> or appointed to represent a whole membership or population (notably a city, county, state, province, nation, club or association), rather than a subset. In multi-hierarchical bodies, the term rarely extends to a tier beneath the highest division. A contrast is implied, with certain <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district" title="Electoral district">electoral districts</a> or narrower divisions. It can be given to the associated territory, if any, to denote its undivided nature, in a specific context. Unambiguous synonyms are the prefixes of cross-, all- or whole-, such as cross-membership, or all-state. </p><p>The term is used as a suffix referring to specific members (such as the U.S. congressional Representative/the Member/Rep. for Wyoming <i>at large</i>). It figures as a generic prefix of its subject matter (such as Wyoming is an at-large U.S. congressional district, at present). It is commonly used when making or highlighting a direct contrast with subdivided equivalents that may be past or present, or seen in exotic comparators. It indicates that the described zone has no further <a href="/wiki/Subset" title="Subset">subsets</a> used for the same representative purpose. An exception is a nil-exceptions arrangement of overlapping tiers (resembling or being district and regional representatives, one set of which is <i>at large</i>) for return to the very same chamber, and consequent issue of multiple ballots for <a href="/wiki/Plural_voting" title="Plural voting">plural voting</a> to every voter. This avoids plural voting competing with single voting in the jurisdiction, an inherent different level of <a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">democratic power</a>. </p><p>Examples of a democratic power disparity were found in a small number of states at certain U.S. Congresses, between 1853 and 1967, and in the old <a href="/wiki/Lower_house" title="Lower house">lower houses</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Unreformed_House_of_Commons" title="Unreformed House of Commons">United Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irish_House_of_Commons" title="Irish House of Commons">Ireland</a>, whereby certain voters could vote for (and lobby) at-large (whole-state/County) and district(-based) representatives to them, giving zones of <a href="/wiki/Plural_voting" title="Plural voting">plural voting</a> and thus representation contrasting with zones, for the same national assembly, of single voting and representation.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1964 the U.S. Supreme Court banned such plural voting for the U.S. Congress (thus banning at-large, whole-state congressional districts which overlap state subdivision congressional districts). </p><p>Universal principles apply regardless whether election(s) are for a member at large, or not. </p> <ul><li>a single seat/position/representative: entails a single-winner voting system, often <a href="/wiki/Plurality_voting" title="Plurality voting">Plurality</a> and <a href="/wiki/First-past-the-post_voting" title="First-past-the-post voting">First-past-the-post</a>;</li> <li>a panel/slate/group of seats/positions/representatives: may entail a multi-winner contest using a multi-winner system such as<a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a> (whether in "pure" <a href="/wiki/Party-list_proportional_representation" title="Party-list proportional representation">party-list</a> form, as a <a href="/wiki/Party-list_proportional_representation" title="Party-list proportional representation">party-list</a> proportional tier of a <a href="/wiki/Mixed-member_proportional_representation" title="Mixed-member proportional representation">mixed-member</a> or <a href="/wiki/Parallel_voting" title="Parallel voting">parallel voting</a> system, or <a href="/wiki/Single_transferable_vote" title="Single transferable vote">STV</a> leading forms), <a href="/wiki/Single_non-transferable_vote" title="Single non-transferable vote">Single non-transferable vote (basic single-choice, multi-member)</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Plurality-at-large_voting" class="mw-redirect" title="Plurality-at-large voting">block (basic multi-choice, multi-member) voting</a>. On the other hand, a multi-winner district may still use a single-winner system if each seat is determined through a separate contest. (British Columbia used this "post/seat" method in its multi-member districts when it used <a href="/wiki/Instant-runoff_voting" title="Instant-runoff voting">instant-runoff voting</a> in 1952 and 1953.)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Canada">Canada</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=At-large&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many <a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">municipalities</a> in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a> elect part or all of their <a href="/wiki/City_council" class="mw-redirect" title="City council">city councils</a> at-large. In most, the mayor is elected at-large as well. </p><p>Municipal election at-large is widespread in small towns to avoid "<a href="/wiki/In-group_and_out-group" title="In-group and out-group">them and us</a>" cultural dissociation produced by partition of voters into <a href="/wiki/Ward_(electoral_division)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ward (electoral division)">wards</a> and their representatives thus being seen to represent only a specific part of the city. It is also used in many large cities in Canada. The voting method in all such elections and multi-member wards today is <a href="/wiki/Plurality_block_voting" title="Plurality block voting">plurality block voting</a>. (In the past, <a href="/wiki/Single_transferable_voting" class="mw-redirect" title="Single transferable voting">single transferable voting</a> (STV) was used in 20 Canadian municipalities, either in at-large contests or multi-member wards.) </p><p>Notable larger instances are, from west to east: </p> <ul><li>The main cities of British Columbia: <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victoria,_British_Columbia" title="Victoria, British Columbia">Victoria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surrey,_British_Columbia" title="Surrey, British Columbia">Surrey</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Richmond,_British_Columbia" title="Richmond, British Columbia">Richmond</a> (all councillors at large and adopt specialist spokesman, executive, or committee roles).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Albert,_Alberta" title="St. Albert, Alberta">St. Albert</a> and all other municipalities in <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a> (except Edmonton, Calgary, and Wood Buffalo) (all councillors at large)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portage_la_Prairie" title="Portage la Prairie">Portage la Prairie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">Manitoba</a> (all councillors at large)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Bay,_Ontario" title="North Bay, Ontario">North Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> (all councillors at large)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunder_Bay" title="Thunder Bay">Thunder Bay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> (seven councillors elected in single-member wards, five councillors elected at large)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timmins" title="Timmins">Timmins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a> (four rural wards with one councillor each, one urban ward with four councillors)</li></ul> <p>(As well, the three territories - <a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon">Yukon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">Nunavut</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a> - are federally served in the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Canada" title="Parliament of Canada">Parliament of Canada</a> by one <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)" title="Member of Parliament (Canada)">Member of Parliament</a> and <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Canada" title="Senate of Canada">Senator</a> each. These are so sparsely populated that even one member each is over-representation. They have <a href="/wiki/Malapportionment" class="mw-redirect" title="Malapportionment">high apportionment</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (July 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> but are ethnically diverse and of exceptional geographical size. Provinces are divided to make up the other 335 <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_(Canada)" title="Electoral district (Canada)">electoral districts</a> (ridings or comtés). Canada's 102 senators are appointed to serve a large region within a province or a city.)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="European_Union">European Union</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=At-large&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: European Union"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Conference_on_the_Future_of_Europe" title="Conference on the Future of Europe">Conference on the Future of Europe</a> has proposed adding "transnational lists" to the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliament" title="European Parliament">European Parliament</a>, in which a small number of members are elected by the entire <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> at large from Union-wide party lists.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is among a number of proposed reforms to deepen <a href="/wiki/European_integration" title="European integration">European integration</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Israel">Israel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=At-large&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Israel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Israel" title="Elections in Israel">Elections in Israel</a></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, elections for the <a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a> (the national <a href="/wiki/Parliament" title="Parliament">parliament</a>) are conducted at large by <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a> from party lists. Election of municipal and town (but not regional) councils are on the same basis. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Netherlands">Netherlands</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=At-large&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Netherlands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Netherlands" title="Elections in the Netherlands">Elections in the Netherlands</a></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, elections for the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Netherlands)" title="House of Representatives (Netherlands)">House of Representatives</a> (the lower house of the <a href="/wiki/States-General_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="States-General of the Netherlands">States-General</a>, the national <a href="/wiki/Parliament" title="Parliament">parliament</a>) are conducted at large by <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a> from party lists. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Philippines">Philippines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=At-large&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Philippines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_Philippines" title="Elections in the Philippines">Elections in the Philippines</a></div> <p>This <a href="/wiki/Philippine_senatorial_elections" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine senatorial elections">manner of election</a> applies to the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="Senate of the Philippines">Senate</a>. All voters can cast twelve votes to refresh half of the Senate, namely twelve senators, from a longer list of candidates. The simple tally determines the winners (<a href="/wiki/Plurality-at-large_voting" class="mw-redirect" title="Plurality-at-large voting">plurality-at-large voting</a>). </p><p>Provinces with smaller populations elect their House representative at large. Some cities that has its own <a href="/wiki/Congressional_districts_of_the_Philippines" title="Congressional districts of the Philippines">congressional district</a> also elect its representatives this way. Most other provinces and a few cities are divided into two or more districts. <a href="/wiki/Party-list_representation_in_the_House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="Party-list representation in the House of Representatives of the Philippines">Party-list elections</a> are elected nationwide at-large. </p><p>Likewise, the <a href="/wiki/Sangguniang_Kabataan" title="Sangguniang Kabataan">Sangguniang Kabataan</a> (Youth Councils), <a href="/wiki/Sangguniang_Barangay" title="Sangguniang Barangay">Sangguniang Barangay</a> (Village Councils), <a href="/wiki/Sangguniang_Bayan" title="Sangguniang Bayan">Sangguniang Bayan</a> (Municipal Councils) and some <a href="/wiki/Sangguniang_Panlungsod" title="Sangguniang Panlungsod">Sangguniang Panlungsod</a> (City Councils) elect the other members. It follows that such true or quasi-<a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_Philippines" title="Local government in the Philippines">local government units</a> do not in the purest sense elect members at large when their geography is analysed, as each member co-exists with the others who have territorial overlap, as representing greater or lower-rank districts. The members are by law chosen by the public directly or indirectly. Members chosen by the City Council or the <a href="/wiki/Sangguniang_Panlalawigan" title="Sangguniang Panlalawigan">Sangguniang Panlalawigan</a> (Provincial Board) are elected such that the city or province may be split into as many as seven districts, and each then elects at least two members. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="United_States">United States</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=At-large&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Article One</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">United States Constitution</a> provides for direct election of members of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Congressional_District_Act" title="Uniform Congressional District Act">Uniform Congressional District Act</a>, enacted in 1967 and codified as <a href="/wiki/Title_2_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 2 of the United States Code">2 U.S.C.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/2/2c">§ 2c</a>, dictates that representatives must be elected from geographical districts and that these must be <a href="/wiki/Single-member_district" title="Single-member district">single-member districts</a>. Indeed it confirms when the <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">state</a> has a single representative, that will be a representative at large. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._House_of_Representatives">U.S. House of Representatives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=At-large&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: U.S. House of Representatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="States_as_at-large_congressional_districts">States as at-large congressional districts</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=At-large&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: States as at-large congressional districts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alaska%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Alaska's at-large congressional district">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delaware%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Delaware's at-large congressional district">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="North Dakota's at-large congressional district">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="South Dakota's at-large congressional district">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Vermont's at-large congressional district">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Wyoming's at-large congressional district">Wyoming</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Former_at-large_congressional_districts">Former at-large congressional districts</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=At-large&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Former at-large congressional districts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 10em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Alabama's at-large congressional district">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Arizona's at-large congressional district">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Arkansas's at-large congressional district">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="California's at-large congressional district">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Colorado's at-large congressional district">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connecticut%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Connecticut's at-large congressional district">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Florida's at-large congressional district">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Georgia's at-large congressional district">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Hawaii's at-large congressional district">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Idaho's at-large congressional district">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Illinois's at-large congressional district">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Indiana's at-large congressional district">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Iowa's at-large congressional district">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Kansas's at-large congressional district">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Kentucky's at-large congressional district">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Louisiana's at-large congressional district">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maine%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Maine's at-large congressional district">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland%27s_at-large_congressional_seat" class="mw-redirect" title="Maryland's at-large congressional seat">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts%27s_at-large_congressional_seat" title="Massachusetts's at-large congressional seat">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michigan%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Michigan's at-large congressional district">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Minnesota's at-large congressional district">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Mississippi's at-large congressional district">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Missouri's at-large congressional district">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Montana's at-large congressional district">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebraska%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Nebraska's at-large congressional district">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Nevada's at-large congressional district">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="New Hampshire's at-large congressional district">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="New Jersey's at-large congressional district">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="New Mexico's at-large congressional district">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_at-large_congressional_seat" title="New York's at-large congressional seat">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Carolina%27s_at-large_congressional_seat" title="North Carolina's at-large congressional seat">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Ohio's at-large congressional district">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma%27s_at-large_congressional_seat" title="Oklahoma's at-large congressional seat">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Oregon's at-large congressional district">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Pennsylvania's at-large congressional district">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhode_Island%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Rhode Island's at-large congressional district">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina%27s_at-large_congressional_seat" title="South Carolina's at-large congressional seat">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tennessee%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Tennessee's at-large congressional district">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas%27s_at-large_congressional_seat" title="Texas's at-large congressional seat">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Utah's at-large congressional district">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia%27s_at-large_congressional_seat" title="Virginia's at-large congressional seat">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Washington's at-large congressional district">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia%27s_at-large_congressional_seat" class="mw-redirect" title="West Virginia's at-large congressional seat">West Virginia</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Non-voting_at-large_congressional_districts">Non-voting at-large congressional districts</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=At-large&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Non-voting at-large congressional districts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Samoa%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="American Samoa's at-large congressional district">American Samoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="United States Virgin Islands's at-large congressional district">American Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_of_Columbia%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="District of Columbia's at-large congressional district">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guam%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Guam's at-large congressional district">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico%27s_at-large_congressional_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rico's at-large congressional district">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands%27_at-large_congressional_district" title="Northern Mariana Islands' at-large congressional district">Northern Mariana Islands</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Former_non-voting_at-large_congressional_districts">Former non-voting at-large congressional districts</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=At-large&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Former non-voting at-large congressional districts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 12em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alabama_Territory%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Alabama Territory's at-large congressional district">Alabama Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alaska_Territory%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Alaska Territory's at-large congressional district">Alaska Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_Territory%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Arizona Territory's at-large congressional district">Arizona Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Territory%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Colorado Territory's at-large congressional district">Colorado Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakota_Territory%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Dakota Territory's at-large congressional district">Dakota Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florida_Territory%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Florida Territory's at-large congressional district">Florida Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaii_Territory%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Hawaii Territory's at-large congressional district">Hawaii Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Territory%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Idaho Territory's at-large congressional district">Idaho Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Territory%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Illinois Territory's at-large congressional district">Illinois Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_Territory%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Indiana Territory's at-large congressional district">Indiana Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Territory%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Iowa Territory's at-large congressional district">Iowa Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_Territory%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Kansas Territory's at-large congressional district">Kansas Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Territory%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Mississippi Territory's at-large congressional district">Mississippi Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Territory%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Missouri Territory's at-large congressional district">Missouri Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montana_Territory%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Montana Territory's at-large congressional district">Montana Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_Territory%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Nevada Territory's at-large congressional district">Nevada Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Territory%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="New Mexico Territory's at-large congressional district">New Mexico Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territory%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Northwest Territory's at-large congressional district">Northwest Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_Territory%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Oklahoma Territory's at-large congressional district">Oklahoma Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregon_Territory%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Oregon Territory's at-large congressional district">Oregon Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orleans_Territory%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Orleans Territory's at-large congressional district">Orleans Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines_at-large_congressional_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippines at-large congressional district">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwest_Territory%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Southwest Territory's at-large congressional district">Southwest Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utah_Territory%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Utah Territory's at-large congressional district">Utah Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Territory%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Washington Territory's at-large congressional district">Washington Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Territory%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Wisconsin Territory's at-large congressional district">Wisconsin Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyoming_Territory%27s_at-large_congressional_district" title="Wyoming Territory's at-large congressional district">Wyoming Territory</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Simultaneous_at-large_and_sub-state-size_congressional_districts">Simultaneous at-large and sub-state-size congressional districts</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=At-large&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Simultaneous at-large and sub-state-size congressional districts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This is a table of every such instance. It shows the situation applied to a small, varying group of states in three periods. The 33rd Congress began in 1853; it ended two years later. The 38th began in 1863; the 50th ended in 1889. The 53rd began in 1893; the 89th ended in January 1967, the final such period. This was due to the 1964 case of <i><a href="/wiki/Reynolds_v._Sims" title="Reynolds v. Sims">Reynolds v. Sims</a></i>: the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Supreme_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Supreme Court">United States Supreme Court</a> determined that the general basis of apportionment must be "<a href="/wiki/One_person,_one_vote" class="mw-redirect" title="One person, one vote">one person, one vote</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Congress </th> <th>State & Number of at-large seats </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/33rd_United_States_Congress" title="33rd United States Congress">33rd</a></td> <td>MS (1) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/38th_United_States_Congress" title="38th United States Congress">38th</a></td> <td>IL (1) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/39th_United_States_Congress" title="39th United States Congress">39th</a></td> <td>IL (1) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/40th_United_States_Congress" title="40th United States Congress">40th</a></td> <td>IL (1) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/41st_United_States_Congress" title="41st United States Congress">41st</a></td> <td>IL (1) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/42nd_United_States_Congress" title="42nd United States Congress">42nd</a></td> <td>IL (1) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/43rd_United_States_Congress" title="43rd United States Congress">43rd</a></td> <td>AL (2), AR (1), IN (2), LA (1), NY (1), PA (3), SC (1), TN (1), TX (2) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/44th_United_States_Congress" title="44th United States Congress">44th</a></td> <td>AL (2) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/48th_United_States_Congress" title="48th United States Congress">48th</a></td> <td>AR (1), CA (2), GA (1), KS (4), NY (1), NC (1), PA (1), VA (1) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/49th_United_States_Congress" title="49th United States Congress">49th</a></td> <td>PA (1) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/50th_United_States_Congress" title="50th United States Congress">50th</a></td> <td>PA (1) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/53rd_United_States_Congress" title="53rd United States Congress">53rd</a></td> <td>IL (2), KS (1), PA (2) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/54th_United_States_Congress" title="54th United States Congress">54th</a></td> <td>KS (1), PA (2) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/55th_United_States_Congress" title="55th United States Congress">55th</a></td> <td>KS (1), PA (2) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/56th_United_States_Congress" title="56th United States Congress">56th</a></td> <td>KS (1), PA (2) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/57th_United_States_Congress" title="57th United States Congress">57th</a></td> <td>KS (1), PA (2) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/58th_United_States_Congress" title="58th United States Congress">58th</a></td> <td>CO (1), CT (1), KS (1) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/59th_United_States_Congress" title="59th United States Congress">59th</a></td> <td>CO (1), CT (1), KS (1) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/60th_United_States_Congress" title="60th United States Congress">60th</a></td> <td>CO (1), CT (1) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/61st_United_States_Congress" title="61st United States Congress">61st</a></td> <td>CO (1), CT (1) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/62nd_United_States_Congress" title="62nd United States Congress">62nd</a></td> <td>CO (1), CT (1) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/63rd_United_States_Congress" title="63rd United States Congress">63rd</a></td> <td>AL (1), CO (2), FL (1), IL (2), MI (1), MN (1), OH (1), OK (3), PA (4), TX (2), WA (2), WV (1) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/64th_United_States_Congress" title="64th United States Congress">64th</a></td> <td>AL (1), IL (2), PA (4), TX (2), WV (1) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/65th_United_States_Congress" title="65th United States Congress">65th</a></td> <td>IL (2), PA (4), TX (2) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/66th_United_States_Congress" title="66th United States Congress">66th</a></td> <td>IL (2), PA (4) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/67th_United_States_Congress" title="67th United States Congress">67th</a></td> <td>IL (2), PA (4) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/68th_United_States_Congress" title="68th United States Congress">68th</a></td> <td>IL (2) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/69th_United_States_Congress" title="69th United States Congress">69th</a></td> <td>IL (2) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/70th_United_States_Congress" title="70th United States Congress">70th</a></td> <td>IL (2) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/71st_United_States_Congress" title="71st United States Congress">71st</a></td> <td>IL (2) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/72nd_United_States_Congress" title="72nd United States Congress">72nd</a></td> <td>IL (2) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/73rd_United_States_Congress" title="73rd United States Congress">73rd</a></td> <td>CT (1), FL (1), IL (2), NY (2), OH (2), OK (1), TX (3) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/74th_United_States_Congress" title="74th United States Congress">74th</a></td> <td>CT (1), FL (1), IL (2), NY (2), OH (2), OK (1) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/75th_United_States_Congress" title="75th United States Congress">75th</a></td> <td>CT (1), IL (2), NY (2), OH (2), OK (1) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/76th_United_States_Congress" title="76th United States Congress">76th</a></td> <td>CT (1), IL (2), NY (2), OH (2), OK (1) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/77th_United_States_Congress" title="77th United States Congress">77th</a></td> <td>CT (1), IL (2), NY (2), OH (2), OK (1) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/78th_United_States_Congress" title="78th United States Congress">78th</a></td> <td>CT (1), FL (1), IL (1), NY (2), OH (1), PA (1) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/79th_United_States_Congress" title="79th United States Congress">79th</a></td> <td>CT (1), IL (1), OH (1) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/80th_United_States_Congress" title="80th United States Congress">80th</a></td> <td>CT (1), IL (1), OH (1) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/81st_United_States_Congress" title="81st United States Congress">81st</a></td> <td>CT (1), OH (1) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/82nd_United_States_Congress" title="82nd United States Congress">82nd</a></td> <td>CT (1), OH (1) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/83rd_United_States_Congress" title="83rd United States Congress">83rd</a></td> <td>CT (1), TX (1), WA (1) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/84th_United_States_Congress" title="84th United States Congress">84th</a></td> <td>CT (1), TX (1), WA (1) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/85th_United_States_Congress" title="85th United States Congress">85th</a></td> <td>CT (1), TX (1), WA (1) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/86th_United_States_Congress" title="86th United States Congress">86th</a></td> <td>CT (1) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/87th_United_States_Congress" title="87th United States Congress">87th</a></td> <td>CT (1) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/88th_United_States_Congress" title="88th United States Congress">88th</a></td> <td>AL (8), CT (1), MD (1), MI (1), OH (1), TX (1) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/89th_United_States_Congress" title="89th United States Congress">89th</a></td> <td>MD (1), OH (1), TX (1) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_elections">State elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=At-large&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: State elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As of 2021, ten U.S. states have at least one legislative chamber which uses multi-winner at-large districts: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arizona_House_of_Representatives" title="Arizona House of Representatives">Arizona House of Representatives</a> (for all representatives in all sessions)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jersey_General_Assembly" title="New Jersey General Assembly">New Jersey General Assembly</a> (for all representatives in all sessions)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota_House_of_Representatives" title="South Dakota House of Representatives">South Dakota House of Representatives</a> (for all representatives in all sessions)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_House_of_Representatives" title="Washington House of Representatives">Washington House of Representatives</a> (for all representatives in all sessions)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryland_House_of_Delegates" title="Maryland House of Delegates">Maryland House of Delegates</a> (allowed by law even when not used)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_House_of_Representatives" title="Idaho House of Representatives">Idaho House of Representatives</a> (allowed by law even when not used)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Dakota_House_of_Representatives" title="North Dakota House of Representatives">North Dakota House of Representatives</a> (allowed by law even when not used)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vermont_Senate" title="Vermont Senate">Vermont Senate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vermont_House_of_Representatives" title="Vermont House of Representatives">Vermont House of Representatives</a> (allowed by law even when not used)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_Senate" title="West Virginia Senate">West Virginia Senate</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_House_of_Delegates" title="West Virginia House of Delegates">West Virginia House of Delegates</a> (allowed by law even when not used; will switch to all-single-winner districts for both chambers in 2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_House_of_Representatives" title="New Hampshire House of Representatives">New Hampshire House of Representatives</a> (allowed by law even when not used; uses floterial districts which can geographically overlap each other)</li></ul> <p>In the 1980s, Florida, Hawaii, Illinois, South Carolina, and Virginia all moved entirely from multi-winner districts in either chamber, followed by Alaska, Georgia, and Indiana in the 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_redistricting_cycle" title="2010 United States redistricting cycle">2010 United States redistricting cycle</a>, Nevada eliminated their two remaining multi-member senate districts and implemented single-winner districts in both houses.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, West Virginia passed a law switching all remaining multi-winner <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_House_of_Delegates" title="West Virginia House of Delegates">House of Delegates</a> seats to single-winner districts following the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 United States Census">2020 United States Census</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_elections">Local elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=At-large&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Local elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since passage of the <a href="/wiki/Voting_Rights_Act_of_1965" title="Voting Rights Act of 1965">Voting Rights Act of 1965</a> and lessening of some historic barriers to voter registration and voting, legal challenges have been made based on at-large election schemes at the county or city level, including in school board elections, in numerous jurisdictions where minorities had been effectively excluded from representation on local councils or boards. An example is <a href="/wiki/Charleston_County,_South_Carolina" title="Charleston County, South Carolina">Charleston County, South Carolina</a>, which was sued in 2001 and reached a settlement in 2004. Its county commission changed to nine members elected from single-member districts; in 2015 they included six white Republicans and three African-American Democrats, where the black minority makes up more than one-third of the population. </p><p>In another instance, in 2013 <a href="/wiki/Fayette_County,_Georgia" title="Fayette County, Georgia">Fayette County, Georgia</a>, which had an estimated 70% white majority and 20% black minority, was ordered by a federal district court to develop <a href="/wiki/Single-member_district" title="Single-member district">single-member districts</a> for election of members to its county council and its school board. Due to at-large voting, African Americans had been unable to elect any candidate of their choice to either of these boards for decades.<sup id="cite_ref-star_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-star-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such local election systems have become subject to litigation since enabling more representative elections can create entry points for minorities and women into the political system and provide more representative government. In the late 1980s, several major cities in Tennessee reached settlement in court cases to adopt <a href="/wiki/Single-member_districts" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-member districts">single-member districts</a> to enable minorities to elect candidates of their choice to city councils, who had previously been excluded by at-large voting favoring the majority population.<sup id="cite_ref-buch_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-buch-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 2015, voters in two of these cities had elected women mayors who had gotten their start in being elected to the city council from single-member districts. </p><p>The town of <a href="/wiki/Islip,_New_York" title="Islip, New York">Islip, New York</a> was sued by four residents in 2018 for violating the Voting Rights Act by maintaining a discriminatory at-large council system. One-third of Islip's population is Hispanic, but only one person of color has ever been elected to a town seat. As part of the settlement reached in 2020, the at-large system will be abolished and replaced by four council districts by 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some states have passed laws that further discourage the use of at-large districts. For example, the <a href="/wiki/California_Voting_Rights_Act" title="California Voting Rights Act">California Voting Rights Act</a> removes one of the criteria required for a successful federal Voting Rights Act challenge, which has thus resulted in hundreds of cities, school districts, and special districts moving to single member area-based elections. </p><p>Some jurisdictions have kept at-large city councils and boards. The solution adopted by <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a> in 1941 was to elect all council officials via <a href="/wiki/Ranked-choice_voting_in_the_United_States" title="Ranked-choice voting in the United States">Ranked-choice</a> <a href="/wiki/Proportional_representation" title="Proportional representation">proportional representation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Single_transferable_vote" title="Single transferable vote">Single transferable voting</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Territorial_elections">Territorial elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=At-large&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Territorial elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Five territorial governments in the United States elect some or all of their members at large or in multi-member districts: </p> <ul><li>Four members of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Council of the District of Columbia">Council</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">District of Columbia</a> are elected at large by the district.</li> <li>Eleven members in both the <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Senate of Puerto Rico">Senate</a> and <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_Puerto_Rico" title="House of Representatives of Puerto Rico">House of Representatives</a> of <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> are elected commonwealth-wide by <a href="/wiki/Single_non-transferable_vote" title="Single non-transferable vote">single non-transferable vote</a>. In addition, two members each are elected by plurality from the Senate's eight senatorial districts.</li></ul> <ul><li>The 15 senators of the <a href="/wiki/Legislature_of_Guam" title="Legislature of Guam">Guam Legislature</a> are elected at large through an open partisan primary and a subsequent island-wide election.</li></ul> <ul><li>One senator in the <a href="/wiki/Legislature_of_the_Virgin_Islands" title="Legislature of the Virgin Islands">Legislature</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a> is elected at large by the territory, but must be a resident of the island of <a href="/wiki/Saint_John,_U.S._Virgin_Islands" title="Saint John, U.S. Virgin Islands">Saint John</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a> elects <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands_Senate" title="Northern Mariana Islands Senate">3 senators each from three senate districts</a>, and multiple representatives from <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands_House_of_Representatives" title="Northern Mariana Islands House of Representatives">five out of seven House districts</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=At-large&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_ticket" title="General ticket">General ticket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plural_district" title="Plural district">Plural district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undivided_council" title="Undivided council">Undivided council</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large" title="United States Statutes at Large">United States Statutes at Large</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=At-large&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Electoral Reform in England and Wales</i>, by Charles Seymour (David & Charles Reprints 1970)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Parliaments of England</i> by Henry Stooks Smith (1st edition published in three volumes 1844–50), second edition edited (in one volume) by F.W.S. Craig (Political Reference Publications 1973)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Electoral history of BC, p. 240 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://elections.bc.ca/docs/rpt/1871-1986_ElectoralHistoryofBC.pdf">https://elections.bc.ca/docs/rpt/1871-1986_ElectoralHistoryofBC.pdf</a> accessed Dec. 13, 2024</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Guide to City Services, Municipal Government, Wards. Retrieved 4 June 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20220509IPR29102/the-conference-on-the-future-of-europe-concludes-its-work">"The Conference on the Future of Europe concludes its work | News | European Parliament"</a>. <i>www.europarl.europa.eu</i>. 2022-09-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.europarl.europa.eu&rft.atitle=The+Conference+on+the+Future+of+Europe+concludes+its+work+%7C+News+%7C+European+Parliament&rft.date=2022-09-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.europarl.europa.eu%2Fnews%2Fen%2Fpress-room%2F20220509IPR29102%2Fthe-conference-on-the-future-of-europe-concludes-its-work&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAt-large" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Reynolds v. Sims</i>, 377 U.S. 533 (1964).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://0-paws.wcu.edu.wncln.wncln.org/ccooper/mismeasure.pdf">Lilliard E. Richardson, Jr. and Christopher A. Cooper, "The Mismeasure of MMD: Reassessing the Impact of Multi Member Districts on Descriptive Representation in U.S. State Legislatures," accessed May 27, 2015</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ncsl.typepad.com/the_thicket/2012/09/a-slight-decline-in-legislatures-using-multimember-districts-after-redistricting.html">National Conference of State Legislatures, "Changes in Legislatures Using Multimember Districts after Redistricting," September 11, 2012</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wvlegislature.gov/Bill_Status/bills_history.cfm?year=2018&sessiontype=RS&input=4002">"Bill Status - Complete Bill History"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bill+Status+-+Complete+Bill+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wvlegislature.gov%2FBill_Status%2Fbills_history.cfm%3Fyear%3D2018%26sessiontype%3DRS%26input%3D4002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAt-large" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-star-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-star_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://atlantablackstar.com/2013/05/22/fayette-county-at-large-election-process-violates-voting-rights-act/">ABS Staff, "Fayette County at-large election process violates the Voting Rights Act"</a>, <i>Atlanta Black Star,</i> 22 May 2013, accessed 11 April 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-buch-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-buch_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://casetext.com/case/buchanan-v-city-of-jackson"><i>BUCHANAN v. CITY OF JACKSON,</i> 683 F. Supp. 1515 (W.D. Tenn. 1988)</a>, Case Text website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsday.com/long-island/suffolk/voting-rights-latinos-settlement-districts-1.50037559">"Latinos, advocates hail change to how Islip officials are elected"</a>. <i>Newsday</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-10-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newsday&rft.atitle=Latinos%2C+advocates+hail+change+to+how+Islip+officials+are+elected&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsday.com%2Flong-island%2Fsuffolk%2Fvoting-rights-latinos-settlement-districts-1.50037559&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAt-large" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=At-large&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartis1982" class="citation book cs1">Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). <i>The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts</i>. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Historical+Atlas+of+United+States+Congressional+Districts&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Macmillan+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1982&rft.aulast=Martis&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAt-large" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=At-large&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://clerk.house.gov/art_history/house_history/index.html">U.S. House of Representatives: House History</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The New International Encyclopædia/Congressman at Large"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Congressman_at_Large">"Congressman at Large" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_International_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="New International Encyclopedia">New International Encyclopedia</a></i>. 1905.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Congressman+at+Large&rft.btitle=New+International+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1905&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAt-large" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=At-large&oldid=1262971773">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=At-large&oldid=1262971773</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_congressional_districts" title="Category:United States congressional districts">United States congressional districts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Constituencies" title="Category:Constituencies">Constituencies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Elections" title="Category:Elections">Elections</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_July_2024" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from July 2024">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from July 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from July 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from July 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_New_International_Encyclopedia" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the New International Encyclopedia">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the New International Encyclopedia</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 13 December 2024, at 23:32<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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