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.longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=OpenSecrets&params=38.9037_N_77.03_W_type:landmark_region:US-DC"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°54′13″N</span> <span class="longitude">77°01′48″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.9037°N 77.0300°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.9037; -77.0300</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Government watchdog group based in the US</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">OpenSecrets</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Center_for_Responsive_Politics_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Center_for_Responsive_Politics_logo.svg/220px-Center_for_Responsive_Politics_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Center_for_Responsive_Politics_logo.svg/330px-Center_for_Responsive_Politics_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Center_for_Responsive_Politics_logo.svg/440px-Center_for_Responsive_Politics_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="536" data-file-height="186" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data note">1983<span class="noprint">; 41 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1983</span>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-founding_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-founding-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founders</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Church" title="Frank Church">Frank Church</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Scott" title="Hugh Scott">Hugh Scott</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Merger of</th><td class="infobox-data">Center for Responsive Politics<br />National Institute on Money in Politics</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Research" title="Research">Research</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Taxpayer_Identification_Number" title="Taxpayer Identification Number">Tax ID no.</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">52-1275227<sup id="cite_ref-Form990_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Form990-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Legal status</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/501(c)(3)" class="mw-redirect" title="501(c)(3)">501(c)(3)</a><sup id="cite_ref-Form990_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Form990-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Focus</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Campaign_finance_in_the_United_States" title="Campaign finance in the United States">Campaign finance in the United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=OpenSecrets&params=38.9037_N_77.03_W_type:landmark_region:US-DC"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°54′13″N</span> <span class="longitude">77°01′48″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.9037°N 77.0300°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">38.9037; -77.0300</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Chairman" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman">Chair</a>, <a href="/wiki/Board_of_directors" title="Board of directors">Board of directors</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">Bert Brandenburg<sup id="cite_ref-board_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-board-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Executive_director" title="Executive director">Executive director</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">Hilary Braseth (December 2023 – present)<sup id="cite_ref-newexec_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-newexec-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-leave_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leave-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Revenue <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2021)</span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">$6,510,987<sup id="cite_ref-Form990_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Form990-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Expenses <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2021)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">$3,506,004<sup id="cite_ref-Form990_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Form990-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Employees</th><td class="infobox-data">48<sup id="cite_ref-Form990_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Form990-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (in 2021)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opensecrets.org/">www<wbr />.opensecrets<wbr />.org</a></span><br /><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.followthemoney.org/">www<wbr />.followthemoney<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>OpenSecrets</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Nonprofit_organization" title="Nonprofit organization">nonprofit organization</a> based in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> that tracks and publishes data on campaign finance and lobbying, including a <a href="/wiki/Revolving_door_(politics)" title="Revolving door (politics)">revolving door</a> database which documents the individuals who have worked in both the public sector and <a href="/wiki/Lobbying_in_the_United_States" title="Lobbying in the United States">lobbying firms</a> and may have <a href="/wiki/Conflicts_of_interest" class="mw-redirect" title="Conflicts of interest">conflicts of interest</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was created from the 2021 merger of the <b>Center for Responsive Politics</b> (<b>CRP</b>) and the <b>National Institute on Money in Politics</b> (<b>NIMP</b>), both of which were organizations that tracked data on <a href="/wiki/Campaign_finance_in_the_United_States" title="Campaign finance in the United States">campaign finance in the United States</a> and advocated for stricter regulation and disclosure of political donations.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Examples of investigations conducted by the organization include uncovering that Carolina Rising, a <a href="/wiki/501(c)(4)" class="mw-redirect" title="501(c)(4)">501(c)(4)</a> <a href="/wiki/Social_welfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Social welfare">social welfare</a> organization spent $4.7 million in 2014 on political ads in support of <a href="/wiki/Thom_Tillis" title="Thom Tillis">Thom Tillis</a>, Senate candidate from <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that the <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2020_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign">Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign</a> was financially related to the rally that preceded the <a href="/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="January 6 United States Capitol attack">January 6 United States Capitol attack</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The organization is funded by donations; since 2020, the largest donors have been: the <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Corporation_of_New_York" title="Carnegie Corporation of New York">Carnegie Corporation of New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/Democracy_Fund" title="Democracy Fund">Democracy Fund</a>, the Gaia Fund, <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Hewlett_Foundation" title="Hewlett Foundation">Hewlett Foundation</a>, the Kaphan Foundation, Mertz Gilmore Foundation, the <a href="/wiki/Omidyar_Network" title="Omidyar Network">Omidyar Network</a>, <a href="/wiki/Open_Society_Foundations" title="Open Society Foundations">Open Society Foundations</a>, the Popplestone Foundation, and the <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Brothers_Fund" title="Rockefeller Brothers Fund">Rockefeller Brothers Fund</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, the organization reported $6.5 million in revenue and $3.5 million in salaries and fundraising expenses. It had $5.2 million in net assets as of December 31, 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-Form990_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Form990-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenSecrets&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Center_for_Responsive_Politics">Center for Responsive Politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenSecrets&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Center for Responsive Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>Center for Responsive Politics</b> was founded in 1983 by retired U.S. Senators <a href="/wiki/Frank_Church" title="Frank Church">Frank Church</a> of <a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Scott" title="Hugh Scott">Hugh Scott</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-founding_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-founding-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1980s, Church and Scott launched a "money-in-politics" project, whose outcome consisted of large, printed books. Their first book, <i>Spending in Congressional Elections: A Never-Ending Spiral</i>, published in 1988, analyzed spending patterns in congressional elections from 1974 through 1986, including 1986 <a href="/wiki/Campaign_finance_in_the_United_States#"Soft"_money/Independent_expenditure" title="Campaign finance in the United States">soft money</a> contributions in five states. The first data was published by CRP in 1990 and the website OpenSecrets.org was launched in 1996, making the data more readily available.<sup id="cite_ref-founding_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-founding-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_Institute_on_Money_in_Politics">National Institute on Money in Politics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenSecrets&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: National Institute on Money in Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>National Institute on Money in Politics</b> traces its roots to the "Money in Western Politics" project launched in 1991 and funded by the <a href="/wiki/MacArthur_Foundation" title="MacArthur Foundation">MacArthur Foundation</a>. Prior to 1991, data was not digitized and therefore was not easily available. In 1999, three regional teams merged to form NIMP, based in <a href="/wiki/Helena,_Montana" title="Helena, Montana">Helena, Montana</a>. The organization published the Follow The Money website, where it compiled political funding information from government disclosure agencies.<sup id="cite_ref-impact_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-impact-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The organization did not receive any government funding and relied on philanthropic efforts;<sup id="cite_ref-impact_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-impact-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> among its donations received was $2.3 million in funding from <a href="/wiki/Open_Society_Foundations" title="Open Society Foundations">Open Society Foundations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="The current source is insufficiently reliable (WP:NOTRS). (November 2024)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leadership_history">Leadership history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenSecrets&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Leadership history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Krumholz" title="Sheila Krumholz">Sheila Krumholz</a>, who joined the organization in 1989, was the executive director of OpenSecrets and its predecessor from December 2006, having previously served as research director, until December 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-ourteam_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ourteam-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-leave_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leave-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenSecrets&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Nonprofit_News" title="Institute for Nonprofit News">Institute for Nonprofit News</a> (member)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=OpenSecrets&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-founding-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-founding_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-founding_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-founding_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHarvey2014" class="citation book cs1">Harvey, Kerric (January 2014). <i>Encyclopedia of Social Media and Politics</i>. <a href="/wiki/Sage_Publishing" title="Sage Publishing">Sage Publishing</a>. p. 252. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781452290263" title="Special:BookSources/9781452290263"><bdi>9781452290263</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Social+Media+and+Politics&rft.pages=252&rft.pub=Sage+Publishing&rft.date=2014-01&rft.isbn=9781452290263&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=Kerric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenSecrets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Form990-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Form990_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Form990_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Form990_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Form990_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Form990_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Form990_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrumholzThomas2022" class="citation cs1">Krumholz, Sheila; Thomas, Barry G. (November 15, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dkftve4js3etk.cloudfront.net/os-pfds/OS_990_2021.pdf"><i>Return of organization exempt from income tax 2021: OpenSecrets</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (<a href="/wiki/Form_990" title="Form 990">Form 990</a>). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/EIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="EIN (identifier)">EIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.irs.gov/app/eos/detailsPage?ein=521275227&name=&city=&state=&countryAbbr=&dba=&type=CHARITIES,%20EPOSTCARD,%20COPYOFRETURNS&orgTags=CHARITIES&orgTags=EPOSTCARD&orgTags=COPYOFRETURNS">521275227</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Return+of+organization+exempt+from+income+tax+2021%3A+OpenSecrets&rft.date=2022-11-15&rft.aulast=Krumholz&rft.aufirst=Sheila&rft.au=Thomas%2C+Barry+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdkftve4js3etk.cloudfront.net%2Fos-pfds%2FOS_990_2021.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenSecrets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-board-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-board_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opensecrets.org/about//board">"OpenSecrets: Board of Directors"</a>. <i>OpenSecrets</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OpenSecrets&rft.atitle=OpenSecrets%3A+Board+of+Directors&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opensecrets.org%2Fabout%2F%2Fboard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenSecrets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-newexec-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-newexec_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opensecrets.org/news/2023/12/opensecrets-welcomes-hilary-braseth-as-new-executive-director">"OpenSecrets Welcomes Hilary Braseth as New Executive Director"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OpenSecrets+Welcomes+Hilary+Braseth+as+New+Executive+Director&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opensecrets.org%2Fnews%2F2023%2F12%2Fopensecrets-welcomes-hilary-braseth-as-new-executive-director&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenSecrets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-leave-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-leave_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-leave_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opensecrets.org/news/2023/05/press-release-executive-director-sheila-krumholz-to-leave-opensecrets-later-this-year/">"Press Release: Executive Director Sheila Krumholz to Leave Open Secrets"</a> (Press release). OpenSecrets. May 9, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Press+Release%3A+Executive+Director+Sheila+Krumholz+to+Leave+Open+Secrets&rft.pub=OpenSecrets&rft.date=2023-05-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opensecrets.org%2Fnews%2F2023%2F05%2Fpress-release-executive-director-sheila-krumholz-to-leave-opensecrets-later-this-year%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenSecrets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWiist2010" class="citation book cs1">Wiist, William (March 3, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/The_Bottom_Line_Or_Public_Health.html?id=dWwSDAAAQBAJ"><i>The Bottom Line or Public Health: Tactics Corporations Use to Influence Health and Health Policy, and What We Can Do to Counter Them</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 149. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199704927" title="Special:BookSources/9780199704927"><bdi>9780199704927</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bottom+Line+or+Public+Health%3A+Tactics+Corporations+Use+to+Influence+Health+and+Health+Policy%2C+and+What+We+Can+Do+to+Counter+Them&rft.pages=149&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010-03-03&rft.isbn=9780199704927&rft.aulast=Wiist&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fabout%2FThe_Bottom_Line_Or_Public_Health.html%3Fid%3DdWwSDAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenSecrets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.opensecrets.org/revolving/">"Revolving Door"</a>. <i>OpenSecrets</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OpenSecrets&rft.atitle=Revolving+Door&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opensecrets.org%2Frevolving%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenSecrets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiorno2023" class="citation news cs1">Giorno, Taylor (May 6, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://truthout.org/articles/over-500-former-government-officials-are-now-lobbying-for-defense-contractors/">"Over 500 Former Government Officials Are Now Lobbying for Defense Contractors"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Truthout" title="Truthout">Truthout</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Truthout&rft.atitle=Over+500+Former+Government+Officials+Are+Now+Lobbying+for+Defense+Contractors&rft.date=2023-05-06&rft.aulast=Giorno&rft.aufirst=Taylor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftruthout.org%2Farticles%2Fover-500-former-government-officials-are-now-lobbying-for-defense-contractors%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpenSecrets" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wbur.org/onpoint/2019/06/12/lobbying-politics-washington-congress-elaine-chao-department-transportation">"Reporting Raises Questions About Washington's Potential Political Conflicts Of Interest"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/WBUR-FM" title="WBUR-FM">WBUR-FM</a></i>. 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