CINXE.COM
Home
<!DOCTYPE html> <head> <title>Home</title> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <!-- You can use open graph tags to customize link previews. Learn more: https://developers.facebook.com/docs/sharing/webmasters --> <meta property="og:url" content="https://firstdraftnews.org/" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Home" /> <meta property="og:description" content="" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="yXWNqukgCUecH5NsShan3jkStAzXE5ANtysweJR1w7Y" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://firstdraftnews.org/favicon.ico?x21167" /> <!-- <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> --> <!-- <meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1.0"> --> <meta property="fb:pages" content="1604191953176071" /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="6yQ1TKHGvOfTUhgzjR9_-J0r1DER2an7_gXMp7Wrl9k" /> <!-- Chartbeat header code --> <script type='text/javascript'>var _sf_startpt=(new Date()).getTime()</script> <!-- Hotjar Tracking Code for firstdraftnews.org --> <script> (function(h,o,t,j,a,r){ h.hj=h.hj||function(){(h.hj.q=h.hj.q||[]).push(arguments)}; h._hjSettings={hjid:1641265,hjsv:6}; a=o.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]; r=o.createElement('script');r.async=1; r.src=t+h._hjSettings.hjid+j+h._hjSettings.hjsv; a.appendChild(r); })(window,document,'https://static.hotjar.com/c/hotjar-','.js?sv='); </script> <!-- Facebook Pixel Code --> <script> !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s) {if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod? n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)}; if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n;n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0'; n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window, document,'script', 'https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); fbq('init', '1868434796769410'); fbq('track', 'PageView'); </script> <noscript> <img height="1" width="1" style="display:none" src="https://www.facebook.com/tr?id=1868434796769410&ev=PageView&noscript=1"/> </noscript> <!-- End Facebook Pixel Code --> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> <!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.0 - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --> <title>Home</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://firstdraftnews.org/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Home" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://firstdraftnews.org/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="First Draft" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/FirstDraftNews/" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2023-01-12T14:09:29+00:00" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@firstdraftnews" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://firstdraftnews.org/","url":"https://firstdraftnews.org/","name":"Home","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://firstdraftnews.org/#website"},"datePublished":"2022-08-19T13:16:34+00:00","dateModified":"2023-01-12T14:09:29+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://firstdraftnews.org/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://firstdraftnews.org/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://firstdraftnews.org/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://firstdraftnews.org/#website","url":"https://firstdraftnews.org/","name":"First Draft","description":"","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://firstdraftnews.org/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"}]}</script> <!-- / Yoast SEO plugin. --> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//ajax.googleapis.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//secure.gravatar.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cdnjs.cloudflare.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//v0.wordpress.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//c0.wp.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="First Draft » Feed" href="https://firstdraftnews.org/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="First Draft » Comments Feed" href="https://firstdraftnews.org/comments/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/14.0.0\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/14.0.0\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/firstdraftnews.org\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.1.1"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(e,a,t){var n,r,o,i=a.createElement("canvas"),p=i.getContext&&i.getContext("2d");function s(e,t){var a=String.fromCharCode,e=(p.clearRect(0,0,i.width,i.height),p.fillText(a.apply(this,e),0,0),i.toDataURL());return p.clearRect(0,0,i.width,i.height),p.fillText(a.apply(this,t),0,0),e===i.toDataURL()}function c(e){var t=a.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=t.type="text/javascript",a.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(t)}for(o=Array("flag","emoji"),t.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},r=0;r<o.length;r++)t.supports[o[r]]=function(e){if(p&&p.fillText)switch(p.textBaseline="top",p.font="600 32px Arial",e){case"flag":return s([127987,65039,8205,9895,65039],[127987,65039,8203,9895,65039])?!1:!s([55356,56826,55356,56819],[55356,56826,8203,55356,56819])&&!s([55356,57332,56128,56423,56128,56418,56128,56421,56128,56430,56128,56423,56128,56447],[55356,57332,8203,56128,56423,8203,56128,56418,8203,56128,56421,8203,56128,56430,8203,56128,56423,8203,56128,56447]);case"emoji":return!s([129777,127995,8205,129778,127999],[129777,127995,8203,129778,127999])}return!1}(o[r]),t.supports.everything=t.supports.everything&&t.supports[o[r]],"flag"!==o[r]&&(t.supports.everythingExceptFlag=t.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&t.supports[o[r]]);t.supports.everythingExceptFlag=t.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!t.supports.flag,t.DOMReady=!1,t.readyCallback=function(){t.DOMReady=!0},t.supports.everything||(n=function(){t.readyCallback()},a.addEventListener?(a.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",n,!1),e.addEventListener("load",n,!1)):(e.attachEvent("onload",n),a.attachEvent("onreadystatechange",function(){"complete"===a.readyState&&t.readyCallback()})),(e=t.source||{}).concatemoji?c(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(c(e.twemoji),c(e.wpemoji)))}(window,document,window._wpemojiSettings); </script> <style type="text/css"> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://c0.wp.com/c/6.1.1/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-block-library-inline-css' type='text/css'> .has-text-align-justify{text-align:justify;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='mediaelement-css' href='https://c0.wp.com/c/6.1.1/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/mediaelementplayer-legacy.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-mediaelement-css' href='https://c0.wp.com/c/6.1.1/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/wp-mediaelement.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='classic-theme-styles-css' href='https://c0.wp.com/c/6.1.1/wp-includes/css/classic-themes.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> body{--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--duotone--dark-grayscale: url('#wp-duotone-dark-grayscale');--wp--preset--duotone--grayscale: url('#wp-duotone-grayscale');--wp--preset--duotone--purple-yellow: url('#wp-duotone-purple-yellow');--wp--preset--duotone--blue-red: url('#wp-duotone-blue-red');--wp--preset--duotone--midnight: url('#wp-duotone-midnight');--wp--preset--duotone--magenta-yellow: url('#wp-duotone-magenta-yellow');--wp--preset--duotone--purple-green: url('#wp-duotone-purple-green');--wp--preset--duotone--blue-orange: url('#wp-duotone-blue-orange');--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flow > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}body .is-layout-flow > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}body .is-layout-flow > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}body .is-layout-constrained > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}body .is-layout-constrained > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}body .is-layout-constrained > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}body .is-layout-constrained > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.alignfull)){max-width: var(--wp--style--global--content-size);margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}body .is-layout-constrained > .alignwide{max-width: var(--wp--style--global--wide-size);}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}body .is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}body .is-layout-flex > *{margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} .wp-block-navigation a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){color: inherit;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;} .wp-block-pullquote{font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='theme-my-login-css' href='https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/plugins/theme-my-login/assets/styles/theme-my-login.min.css?x21167' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ppress-frontend-css' href='https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-user-avatar/assets/css/frontend.min.css?x21167' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ppress-flatpickr-css' href='https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-user-avatar/assets/flatpickr/flatpickr.min.css?x21167' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ppress-select2-css' href='https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-user-avatar/assets/select2/select2.min.css?x21167' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='simple-favorites-css' href='https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/plugins/favorites/assets/css/favorites.css?x21167' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='bootstrap-css' href='https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/themes/firstdraft/css/bootstrap.min.css?x21167' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='font-awesome-css' href='https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.4.0/css/font-awesome.min.css?ver=4.4.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='firstdraft-theme-css' href='https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/themes/firstdraft/scss/output.css?x21167' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='tiny-slider-css' href='https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/tiny-slider/2.9.3/tiny-slider.css?ver=2.9.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='lightbox-css' href='https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/themes/firstdraft/css/lightbox.css?x21167' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='jetpack_css-css' href='https://c0.wp.com/p/jetpack/11.7.1/css/jetpack.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type='text/javascript' src='//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.2.2/jquery.min.js?ver=2.2.2' id='jquery-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-user-avatar/assets/flatpickr/flatpickr.min.js?x21167' id='ppress-flatpickr-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-user-avatar/assets/select2/select2.min.js?x21167' id='ppress-select2-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' id='ajax_reading_list-js-extra'> /* <![CDATA[ */ var reading_vars = {"reading_list_nonce":"ecda4380fa","reading_list_ajax_url":"https:\/\/firstdraftnews.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/themes/firstdraft/js/ajax-update-reading-list.js?x21167' id='ajax_reading_list-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' id='ajax_mark_resource_complete-js-extra'> /* <![CDATA[ */ var completed_vars = {"mark_resource_nonce":"dc7af1d5af","mark_resource_ajax_url":"https:\/\/firstdraftnews.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/themes/firstdraft/js/ajax-mark-resource-complete.js?x21167' id='ajax_mark_resource_complete-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' id='favorites-js-extra'> /* <![CDATA[ */ var favorites_data = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/firstdraftnews.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"a42a819b7c","favorite":"<i class=\"sf-icon-star-empty\"><\/i>","favorited":"<i class=\"sf-icon-star-full\"><\/i>","includecount":"","indicate_loading":"","loading_text":"Loading","loading_image":"","loading_image_active":"","loading_image_preload":"","cache_enabled":"1","button_options":{"button_type":"custom","custom_colors":false,"box_shadow":false,"include_count":false,"default":{"background_default":false,"border_default":false,"text_default":false,"icon_default":false,"count_default":false},"active":{"background_active":false,"border_active":false,"text_active":false,"icon_active":false,"count_active":false}},"authentication_modal_content":"<p>Please login to add favorites.<\/p><p><a href=\"#\" data-favorites-modal-close>Dismiss this notice<\/a><\/p>","authentication_redirect":"","dev_mode":"","logged_in":"","user_id":"0","authentication_redirect_url":"https:\/\/firstdraftnews.org\/login\/"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/plugins/favorites/assets/js/favorites.min.js?x21167' id='favorites-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' id='afp_script-js-extra'> /* <![CDATA[ */ var afp_vars = {"afp_nonce":"607d6e6530","afp_ajax_url":"https:\/\/firstdraftnews.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/themes/firstdraft/js/ajax-filter-posts.js?x21167' id='afp_script-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' id='afp_script_latest-js-extra'> /* <![CDATA[ */ var afp_vars_latest = {"afp_latest_nonce":"6caca09b70","afp_latest_ajax_url":"https:\/\/firstdraftnews.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/themes/firstdraft/js/ajax-filter-latest.js?x21167' id='afp_script_latest-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' id='afp_script_training-js-extra'> /* <![CDATA[ */ var afp_vars_training = {"afp_training_nonce":"13f240c4aa","afp_training_ajax_url":"https:\/\/firstdraftnews.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/themes/firstdraft/js/ajax-filter-training.js?x21167' id='afp_script_training-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' id='afp_script_custom_post_feed-js-extra'> /* <![CDATA[ */ var afp_vars_custom_post_feed = {"afp_custom_post_feed_nonce":"558150d7dc","afp_custom_post_feed_ajax_url":"https:\/\/firstdraftnews.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/themes/firstdraft/js/ajax-load-more-custom-post-feed-posts.js?x21167' id='afp_script_custom_post_feed-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' id='afp_script_post_feed_cards-js-extra'> /* <![CDATA[ */ var afp_vars_post_feed_cards = {"afp_post_feed_cards_nonce":"a7f15f4375","afp_post_feed_cards_ajax_url":"https:\/\/firstdraftnews.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/themes/firstdraft/js/ajax-load-post-feed-cards-by-category.js?x21167' id='afp_script_post_feed_cards-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' id='afp_script_cats-js-extra'> /* <![CDATA[ */ var afp_vars_cats = {"afp_cats_nonce":"4daebec724","afp_cats_ajax_url":"https:\/\/firstdraftnews.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/themes/firstdraft/js/ajax-filter-cats.js?x21167' id='afp_script_cats-js'></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" type="application/json" href="https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/20951" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://firstdraftnews.org/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <link rel="wlwmanifest" type="application/wlwmanifest+xml" href="https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-includes/wlwmanifest.xml" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.1.1" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://wp.me/P7oER3-5rV' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Ffirstdraftnews.org%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Ffirstdraftnews.org%2F&format=xml" /> <script type="text/javascript">//<![CDATA[ function external_links_in_new_windows_loop() { if (!document.links) { document.links = document.getElementsByTagName('a'); } var change_link = false; var force = ''; var ignore = ''; for (var t=0; t<document.links.length; t++) { var all_links = document.links[t]; change_link = false; if(document.links[t].hasAttribute('onClick') == false) { // forced if the address starts with http (or also https), but does not link to the current domain if(all_links.href.search(/^http/) != -1 && all_links.href.search('firstdraftnews.org') == -1 && all_links.href.search(/^#/) == -1) { // console.log('Changed ' + all_links.href); change_link = true; } if(force != '' && all_links.href.search(force) != -1) { // forced // console.log('force ' + all_links.href); change_link = true; } if(ignore != '' && all_links.href.search(ignore) != -1) { // console.log('ignore ' + all_links.href); // ignored change_link = false; } if(change_link == true) { // console.log('Changed ' + all_links.href); document.links[t].setAttribute('onClick', 'javascript:window.open(\'' + all_links.href.replace(/'/g, '') + '\', \'_blank\', \'noopener\'); return false;'); document.links[t].removeAttribute('target'); } } } } // Load function external_links_in_new_windows_load(func) { var oldonload = window.onload; if (typeof window.onload != 'function'){ window.onload = func; } else { window.onload = function(){ oldonload(); func(); } } } external_links_in_new_windows_load(external_links_in_new_windows_loop); //]]></script> <style>img#wpstats{display:none}</style> <html lang="en-US"> <style type="text/css">.recentcomments a{display:inline !important;padding:0 !important;margin:0 !important;}</style><style type="text/css" id="wp-custom-css">/* Welcome to Custom CSS! To learn how this works, see http://wp.me/PEmnE-Bt */</style> </head> <body class="home page-template-default page page-id-20951 "> <div class="welcome-message"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="myaccountmessage">First Draft uses cookies to distinguish you from other users of our website. They allow us to recognise users over multiple visits, and to collect basic data about your use of the website. Cookies help us provide you with a good experience when you browse our website and also allows us to improve our site. Check our cookie policy to read more. <a href="6997">Cookie Policy</a>. <button class="button" id="hide">OK</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="closing-message"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="message-text"><p>This website is hosted in perpetuity by the Internet Archive.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <header id="header" class="absolute header-background light-text" style="--bgcolour: #4c0043;"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div id="js-header-content" class="col-xs-12 header-content"> <a class="fd-brand" href="https://firstdraftnews.org"> <img class="fd-brand__logo white-icon" src="https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/themes/firstdraft/img/new-fd-logo-white-text.svg?x21167" alt="First Draft"> <img class="fd-brand__logo black-icon" src="https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/themes/firstdraft/img/new-horizontal-logo.svg?x21167" alt="First Draft"> </a> <div class="menu-container"> <nav class="menu"> <ul id="menu-main-menu-logged-in" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-3974" class="red menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3974"><a href="https://firstdraftnews.org/about/">About</a></li> <li id="menu-item-19064" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-19064"><a href="#">Thinking</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-5447" class="yellow menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-5447"><a href="https://firstdraftnews.org/research/">Research</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4628" class="blue menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4628"><a href="https://firstdraftnews.org/articles/">Articles</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-3816" class="pink menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3816"><a href="https://firstdraftnews.org/tackling/">Tackling</a></li> <li id="menu-item-7650" class="green menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-7650"><a href="https://firstdraftnews.org/training/">Training</a></li> <li id="menu-item-19077" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-19077"><a href="https://firstdraftnews.org/tracking/">Tracking</a></li> </ul> </nav> <button id="search-toggle" class="search-toggle nav-buttons" aria-expanded="false"><span class="sr-only">Search</span><img class="black-icon" src="https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/themes/firstdraft/img/search.svg?x21167" alt=""><img class="white-icon" src="https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/themes/firstdraft/img/search-white.svg?x21167" alt=""></button> <button id="menu-toggle" class="menu-toggle nav-buttons" aria-expanded="false">Menu</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="search-bar" class="header-form"> <form action="https://firstdraftnews.org" id="searchform" method="get"> <label for="s" class="screen-reader-text">Search</label> <input type="search" class="text-field" id="s" name="s" placeholder="Search for:" required /> <input type="submit" class="button searchsubmit" value="search"/> </form> </div> </header> <!-- CUSTOM HEADER --> <header class="absolute reduced-header hide"> <div class="container"> <div class="col-xs-12 header-content"> <a class="logo" href="https://firstdraftnews.org"> <img class="fd-brand__logo" src="https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/themes/firstdraft/img/new-square-logo.svg?x21167" alt="First Draft"> </a> <div class="lang-toggle-buttons"> <button id="lang-toggle" class="lang-toggle" data-text-swap="Espa帽ol">English</button> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div id="login-modal" class="modal fade" role="dialog"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <!-- Modal content--> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="col-md-12" style="border-top: 5px #fff solid;"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal">×</button> <div id="signin" class=""><h1>Log In</h1><form name="loginform" id="loginform" action="https://firstdraftnews.org/login/" method="post"><p class="login-username"> <label for="user_login">Username or E-mail</label> <input type="text" name="log" id="user_login" autocomplete="username" class="input" value="" size="20" /> </p><p class="login-password"> <label for="user_pass">Password</label> <input type="password" name="pwd" id="user_pass" autocomplete="current-password" class="input" value="" size="20" /> </p><p class="login-remember"><label><input name="rememberme" type="checkbox" id="rememberme" value="forever" /> Remember Me</label></p><p class="login-submit"> <input type="submit" name="wp-submit" id="wp-submit" class="button button-primary" value="Log In" /> <input type="hidden" name="redirect_to" value="https://firstdraftnews.org/" /> </p></form><ul class="tml-action-links"><li><a href="/register/" rel="nofollow">Sign Up</a></li><li><a href="/lostpassword/" rel="nofollow">Lost Password</a></li></ul></div> </div><!--/.modal-content--> <div class="modal-footer"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-dismiss="modal">Close</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="wrapper"> <!-- if there's no flexible content, output the posts - theme my login needs this to work --> <div id="" class="container content flex_layout"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 center"> <p> </p> <h4 style="background-color: #4c0043; color: white; padding: 20px 15px;">Over its years of operation (2015-2022), First Draft鈥檚 staff and collaborators created a treasure trove of thinking, training, research, tools and more on how to combat online mis- and disinformation. Organized in the following six categories, you will find our best work on understanding the challenges posed by information disorder.</h4> </div> </div> </div> <div id="" class="flex-layout flex-layout__cards bucket__cards"> <div class="container"> <div class="col-md-12 card-wrapper"> <div class="cards"> <div class="card card--white"> <a href="/bucket/our-thinking/" class="card__link"> <!-- TODO responsive --> <div class="card__img"> <img src="https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/FD0093_Ten-Lessons-from-2020-article-10-idea1_hero-featured-image-thumb-07-900x505.jpg?x21167" alt=""> </div> <div class="card__content"> <h3 class="card__title">Our Thinking</h3> <p class="card__text">18 pieces that provide definitions, context, and frameworks for understanding the contemporary information ecosystem.</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="card card--white"> <a href="/bucket/our-research/" class="card__link"> <!-- TODO responsive --> <div class="card__img"> <img src="https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/FD0107_Digital-Intervention-Recipes_Writeups_6-vaccine-memes-hero-900x505.jpg?x21167" alt=""> </div> <div class="card__content"> <h3 class="card__title">Our Research</h3> <p class="card__text">9 reports that studied the complex dynamics of our polluted information environment.</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="card card--white"> <a href="/bucket/our-training/" class="card__link"> <!-- TODO responsive --> <div class="card__img"> <img src="https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/FD0107_Digital-Intervention-Hub_hero-featured-image-thumb-900x505.png?x21167" alt=""> </div> <div class="card__content"> <h3 class="card__title">Our Training</h3> <p class="card__text">A number of training courses designed to help people become better equipped to identify, make sense of, and respond effectively to information disorder.</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="card card--white"> <a href="/bucket/our-tips-guides-and-graphics/" class="card__link"> <!-- TODO responsive --> <div class="card__img"> <img src="https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/FD0045_Essential_Guides_Social_home-thumb-900x505.png?x21167" alt=""> </div> <div class="card__content"> <h3 class="card__title">Our Tips, Guides, and Graphics</h3> <p class="card__text">11 resources that can be used in the classroom or shared with your community.</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="card card--white"> <a href="/bucket/our-work-on-elections/" class="card__link"> <!-- TODO responsive --> <div class="card__img"> <img src="https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Election-narratives-hero-image-900x505-px-900x505.jpg?x21167" alt=""> </div> <div class="card__content"> <h3 class="card__title">Our Work on Elections</h3> <p class="card__text">A collection of our best work on the impact of misinformation on elections globally.</p> </div> </a> </div> <div class="card card--white"> <a href="/bucket/our-work-on-public-health/" class="card__link"> <!-- TODO responsive --> <div class="card__img"> <img src="https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/FD0144_Rita-Allen-Qualitative-Report-for-Black-and-Latino-communities_hero-featured-image-thumb-01-900x505.jpg?x21167" alt=""> </div> <div class="card__content"> <h3 class="card__title">Our Work on Public Health</h3> <p class="card__text">A collection of our best work on the impact of misinformation on public health.</p> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="" class="container content flex_layout"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12 "> <p>Unless otherwise noted, the content is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (<u><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC BY 4.0</a></u>). This license permits you to use materials if you give <u><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">appropriate credit</a></u>, provide a link to the license, and <u><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">indicate if changes were made</a></u>.</p> <p>For the original homepage, go to <a href="https://firstdraftnews.org/originalhome">firstdraftnews.org/originalhome</a>.</p> <p> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer class="footer--plum" > <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-6"> <img src="/wp-content/themes/firstdraft/img/new-fd-logo-white-text.svg?x21167" alt="" class="fd-logo"> <p class="footer-about"><p>Unless otherwise noted, the content on this website is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC BY 4.0</a>). This license permits you to use materials if you give聽<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">appropriate credit</a>, provide a link to the license, and聽<a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">indicate if changes were made</a>.</p> </p> <a href="mailto:firstdraftnews@gmail.com" class="contact-email">firstdraftnews@gmail.com</a> </div><!--/.col-xs-12 col-md-3--> <div class="col-xs-12 col-md-3 link-group"> <h4>Archived Social Media</h4> <ul> <li class="social"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/FirstDraftNews?ref=aymt_homepage_panel" target="_blank">Facebook</a></li> <li class="social"><a href="https://instagram.com/firstdraftnews/" target="_blank">Instagram</a></li> <li class="social"><a href="https://twitter.com/firstdraftnews" target="_blank">Twitter</a></li> <li class="social"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0TIBS0JDWs3XPjVjcVPdEg" target="_blank">Youtube</a></li> <li class="social"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/first-draft-news" target="_blank">LinkedIn</a></li> <li class="social"><a href="https://medium.com/1st-draft" target="_blank">Medium</a></li> </ul> </div><!--/.col-xs-12--> </div> </div><!--/.container--> </footer> <script type='text/javascript' id='theme-my-login-js-extra'> /* <![CDATA[ */ var themeMyLogin = {"action":"","errors":[]}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/plugins/theme-my-login/assets/scripts/theme-my-login.min.js?x21167' id='theme-my-login-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' id='ppress-frontend-script-js-extra'> /* <![CDATA[ */ var pp_ajax_form = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/firstdraftnews.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","confirm_delete":"Are you sure?","deleting_text":"Deleting...","deleting_error":"An error occurred. Please try again.","nonce":"a65dad19dc","disable_ajax_form":"false","is_checkout":"0","is_checkout_tax_enabled":"0"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-user-avatar/assets/js/frontend.min.js?x21167' id='ppress-frontend-script-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' id='custom_courses-js-extra'> /* <![CDATA[ */ var custom_courses = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/firstdraftnews.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/themes/firstdraft/js/custom-courses.js?x21167' id='custom_courses-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/themes/firstdraft/js/bootstrap.min.js?x21167' id='bootstrap-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/themes/firstdraft/js/lightbox.js?x21167' id='lightbox-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/themes/firstdraft/js/jquery-ui.js?x21167' id='jquery-ui-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/themes/firstdraft/js/utils.js?x21167' id='firstdraft-utilities-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/themes/firstdraft/js/main.js?x21167' id='firstdraft-scripts-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/themes/firstdraft/js/verification-toolbox.js?x21167' id='verification-toolbox-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/themes/firstdraft/js/extend-favorites.js?x21167' id='extend-favorites-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/themes/firstdraft/js/partnersIsotope.js?x21167' id='partners-isotope-ltr-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/themes/firstdraft/js/iframeResizer.min.js?x21167' id='iframeResizer-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/themes/firstdraft/js/isotope.pkgd.min.js?x21167' id='isotope-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/themes/firstdraft/js/widgets.js?x21167' id='widgets-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/themes/firstdraft/js/pop-up-box.js?x21167' id='pop-up-box-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/tiny-slider/2.9.2/min/tiny-slider.js?ver=6.1.1' id='tinyslider-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://c0.wp.com/c/6.1.1/wp-includes/js/imagesloaded.min.js' id='imagesloaded-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://c0.wp.com/c/6.1.1/wp-includes/js/masonry.min.js' id='masonry-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://firstdraftnews.org/wp-content/themes/firstdraft/js/countdown-timer.js?x21167' id='countdown_timer-js'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://c0.wp.com/c/6.1.1/wp-includes/js/comment-reply.min.js' id='comment-reply-js'></script> <script src='https://stats.wp.com/e-202449.js' defer></script> <script> _stq = window._stq || []; _stq.push([ 'view', {v:'ext',blog:'109311273',post:'20951',tz:'0',srv:'firstdraftnews.org',j:'1:11.7.1'} ]); _stq.push([ 'clickTrackerInit', '109311273', '20951' ]); </script> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <!--Twitter Share button--> <script>!function(d,s,id){var js,fjs=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],p=/^http:/.test(d.location)?'http':'https';if(!d.getElementById(id)){js=d.createElement(s);js.id=id;js.src=p+'://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js';fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js,fjs);}}(document, 'script', 'twitter-wjs');</script> <!--Facebook Share button--> <div id="fb-root"></div> <script>(function(d, s, id) { var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) return; js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_GB/sdk.js#xfbml=1&version=v2.4"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk'));</script> <!--PINGDOM TRACKING - LOAD COMPLETE--> <script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-70855214-1', 'auto', {'allowLinker': true}); ga('require', 'linker'); ga('linker:autoLink', ['ar.firstdraftnews.org', 'de.firstdraftnews.org', 'es.firstdraftnews.org', 'fr.firstdraftnews.org'] ); ga('send', 'pageview'); </script> <script type='text/javascript'> var _sf_async_config={}; /** CONFIGURATION START **/ _sf_async_config.uid = 65142; _sf_async_config.domain = 'firstdraftnews.org'; _sf_async_config.useCanonical = true; _sf_async_config.sections = 'FDN English'; //CHANGE THIS _sf_async_config.authors = 'Author'; //CHANGE THIS /** CONFIGURATION END **/ (function(){ function loadChartbeat() { window._sf_endpt=(new Date()).getTime(); var e = document.createElement('script'); e.setAttribute('language', 'javascript'); e.setAttribute('type', 'text/javascript'); e.setAttribute('src', '//static.chartbeat.com/js/chartbeat.js'); document.body.appendChild(e); } var oldonload = window.onload; window.onload = (typeof window.onload != 'function') ? loadChartbeat : function() { oldonload(); loadChartbeat(); }; })(); </script></body> </html> <!-- Performance optimized by W3 Total Cache. Learn more: https://www.boldgrid.com/w3-total-cache/ Object Caching 0/321 objects using disk Page Caching using disk: enhanced (SSL caching disabled) Database Caching using disk Served from: firstdraftnews.org @ 2024-12-04 19:39:06 by W3 Total Cache -->