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Historical reasoning suggests that the most likely backdrop for the formation of this new form of Hebrew is the return of Judean exiles from Babylonian exile. The birth of proto-MH inaugurated a long period of diglossia, various effects of which can be observed in the texts from this period.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Jan Joosten"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2024-09-16","dateModified":"2024-09-16","datePublished":null,"headline":"On the History of Hebrew after the Fall of Jerusalem","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Historical Linguistics","Sociolinguistics","Ancient Hebrew","Hebrew Bible/Old Testament"],"locationCreated":null,"publication":null,"publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"image":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/123922238/On_the_History_of_Hebrew_after_the_Fall_of_Jerusalem","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":null}]}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" 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the end of the fifth century BCE. Historical reasoning suggests that the most likely backdrop for the formation of this new form of Hebrew is the return of Judean exiles from Babylonian exile. The birth of proto-MH inaugurated a long period of diglossia, various effects of which can be observed in the texts from this period. "},"document_type":"draft","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"On the History of Hebrew after the Fall of Jerusalem","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [890385]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":119226294,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “On the History of Hebrew after the Fall of Jerusalem”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/119226294/mini_magick20241029-1-8ei9mn.png?1730190655" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">On the History of Hebrew after the Fall of Jerusalem</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="890385" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JanJoosten4"><img alt="Profile image of Jan Joosten" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/890385/325330/385758/s65_jan.joosten.jpg" />Jan Joosten</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">Linguistic evidence indicates that an early form of Mishnaic Hebrew came into being over a relatively short period between the end of the sixth and the end of the fifth century BCE. Historical reasoning suggests that the most likely backdrop for the formation of this new form of Hebrew is the return of Judean exiles from Babylonian exile. The birth of proto-MH inaugurated a long period of diglossia, various effects of which can be observed in the texts from this period. </p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":119226294,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/123922238/On_the_History_of_Hebrew_after_the_Fall_of_Jerusalem"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":119226294,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/123922238/On_the_History_of_Hebrew_after_the_Fall_of_Jerusalem"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="119226294" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/123922238/On_the_History_of_Hebrew_after_the_Fall_of_Jerusalem" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="3820129" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3820129/THE_HABITAT_AND_HISTORY_OF_HEBREW_DURING_THE_SECOND_TEMPLE_PERIOD">THE HABITAT AND HISTORY OF HEBREW DURING THE SECOND TEMPLE PERIOD</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="182045" href="https://bgu.academia.edu/DavidTalshir">David Talshir</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"THE HABITAT AND HISTORY OF HEBREW DURING THE SECOND TEMPLE PERIOD","attachmentId":31471984,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3820129/THE_HABITAT_AND_HISTORY_OF_HEBREW_DURING_THE_SECOND_TEMPLE_PERIOD","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3820129/THE_HABITAT_AND_HISTORY_OF_HEBREW_DURING_THE_SECOND_TEMPLE_PERIOD"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="74976156" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74976156/Diachronic_Analysis_and_the_Features_of_Late_Biblical_Hebrew">Diachronic Analysis and the Features of Late Biblical Hebrew</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1196712" href="https://sebts.academia.edu/MarkRooker">Mark Rooker</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Bulletin for Biblical Research</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The purpose of this paper is to provide evidence for the existence of a later linguistic strand within the Hebrew Bible known as late biblical Hebrew. After surveying the history and methodology of the diachronic study of the Hebrew language, I examine orthographic, morphological, and syntactical evidence, which demonstrates a linguistic shift from the preexilic to the postexilic period. I demonstrate how these same late biblical features of the postexilic period became commonplace in Rabbinic Hebrew and in the Hebrew of the Dead Sea Scrolls. I discuss the different views regarding the reasons biblical Hebrew experienced linguistic change and argue that the events of the Babylonian exile contain all the components linguists regard as necessary to account for language change. An appendix is provided which contrasts the fourteen accepted features of late biblical Hebrew with their early biblical Hebrew counterparts.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Diachronic Analysis and the Features of Late Biblical Hebrew","attachmentId":82932667,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/74976156/Diachronic_Analysis_and_the_Features_of_Late_Biblical_Hebrew","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/74976156/Diachronic_Analysis_and_the_Features_of_Late_Biblical_Hebrew"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="33463572" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33463572/Language_Contact_and_the_Genesis_of_Mishnaic_Hebrew">Language Contact and the Genesis of Mishnaic Hebrew</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="183905" href="https://cua.academia.edu/EdwardCook">Edward Cook</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Abstract: The origin of Mishnaic Hebrew and its differences from Biblical Hebrew have been explained in different ways, e.g., in terms of chronological development (MH is later), register (MH is colloquial), or geographic (MH originated elsewhere than in Judea). None of these accounts explain, however, just why MH is different in the way that it is different, especially in the pronounced and drastic simplification of its verbal system vis-a-vis BH. Recent advances in contact linguistics suggest that MH originated out of a very specific kind of contact with Aramaic, namely, the fairly rapid adult acquisition of Hebrew as a second language by Aramaic speakers, which left the language permanently changed. 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Zevit), 2012</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Historical Linguistics and Biblical Hebrew","attachmentId":31589240,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1017037/Historical_Linguistics_and_Biblical_Hebrew","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/1017037/Historical_Linguistics_and_Biblical_Hebrew"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="38265082" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38265082/The_Ancient_and_Modern_Hebrew_Language_A_Short_History_Contrast_and_Comparison">The Ancient and Modern Hebrew Language: A Short History, Contrast, and Comparison</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="24096942" href="https://rit.academia.edu/PhilipLombardo">Philip A Lombardo</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The Hebrew language is a wonderful example of linguistic resilience in the wide and diverse realm of world languages. The language is today the revived and flourishing medium of communication for the people of the modern state of Israel, yet its history runs far deeper than most other languages found in our world. In this paper, the language is examined from an integrated perspective of Hebrew culture, Middle Eastern history, and diachronic linguistics.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Ancient and Modern Hebrew Language: A Short History, Contrast, and Comparison","attachmentId":58308957,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38265082/The_Ancient_and_Modern_Hebrew_Language_A_Short_History_Contrast_and_Comparison","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/38265082/The_Ancient_and_Modern_Hebrew_Language_A_Short_History_Contrast_and_Comparison"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="2518116" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2518116/_Diachronic_Change_in_Ancient_Hebrew_A_Lexical_Test_Case_tebuna_bina_">“Diachronic Change in Ancient Hebrew. 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A Lexical Test-Case: tebuna, bina” ","attachmentId":33107071,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2518116/_Diachronic_Change_in_Ancient_Hebrew_A_Lexical_Test_Case_tebuna_bina_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2518116/_Diachronic_Change_in_Ancient_Hebrew_A_Lexical_Test_Case_tebuna_bina_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="15301422" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15301422/_Pre_publication_draft_All_Is_Not_Lost_Linguistic_Periodization_in_the_Face_of_Textual_and_Literary_Pluriformity_Biblical_Hebrew_Linguistics_Selected_Studies_ends_A_Moshavi_and_T_Notarius_">[Pre-publication draft] All Is Not Lost: Linguistic Periodization in the Face of Textual and Literary Pluriformity" (Biblical Hebrew Linguistics: Selected Studies, ends. 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