CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11">  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-PQHHCWJZ');</script>   <script src="https://api.fouanalytics.com/api/init-482063914yjjkwsgoxki.js" data-cfasync="false" async></script><noscript><img src="https://api.fouanalytics.com/api/noscript-482063914yjjkwsgoxki.gif"></noscript> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' />  <title>Orphan Drug Act: 40+ years of fighting rare diseases - Bio.News</title> <meta name="description" content="The Orphan Drug Act, passed in 1983, revolutionized drug development for rare diseases, helping millions of patients in the process." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://bio.news/federal-policy/orphan-drug-act-celebrates-40-years-of-driving-the-fight-against-rare-diseases/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Orphan Drug Act: 40+ years of fighting rare diseases" /> <meta property="og:description" content="The Orphan Drug Act, passed in 1983, revolutionized drug development for rare diseases, helping millions of patients in the process." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://bio.news/federal-policy/orphan-drug-act-celebrates-40-years-of-driving-the-fight-against-rare-diseases/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Bio.News" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/IAmBiotech" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2024-01-03T05:45:44+00:00" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-03-01T19:03:05+00:00" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/orphan-drug-act-40-1.png" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="966" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="690" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/png" /> <meta name="author" content="Bio.News Staff" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@iambiotech" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@iambiotech" /> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Written by" /> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="Bio.News Staff" /> <meta name="twitter:label2" content="Est. reading time" /> <meta name="twitter:data2" content="4 minutes" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https://bio.news/federal-policy/orphan-drug-act-celebrates-40-years-of-driving-the-fight-against-rare-diseases/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://bio.news/federal-policy/orphan-drug-act-celebrates-40-years-of-driving-the-fight-against-rare-diseases/"},"author":{"name":"Bio.News Staff","@id":"https://bio.news/#/schema/person/391f8c03702e256e5713505071fa3414"},"headline":"Orphan Drug Act: 40+ years of fighting rare diseases","datePublished":"2024-01-03T05:45:44+00:00","dateModified":"2024-03-01T19:03:05+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https://bio.news/federal-policy/orphan-drug-act-celebrates-40-years-of-driving-the-fight-against-rare-diseases/"},"wordCount":664,"publisher":{"@id":"https://bio.news/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https://bio.news/federal-policy/orphan-drug-act-celebrates-40-years-of-driving-the-fight-against-rare-diseases/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/orphan-drug-act-40-1.png","articleSection":["Federal Policy","Health","Latest News"],"inLanguage":"en-US","copyrightYear":"2024","copyrightHolder":{"@id":"https://bio.news/#organization"}},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://bio.news/federal-policy/orphan-drug-act-celebrates-40-years-of-driving-the-fight-against-rare-diseases/","url":"https://bio.news/federal-policy/orphan-drug-act-celebrates-40-years-of-driving-the-fight-against-rare-diseases/","name":"Orphan Drug Act: 40+ years of fighting rare diseases - Bio.News","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://bio.news/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://bio.news/federal-policy/orphan-drug-act-celebrates-40-years-of-driving-the-fight-against-rare-diseases/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://bio.news/federal-policy/orphan-drug-act-celebrates-40-years-of-driving-the-fight-against-rare-diseases/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/orphan-drug-act-40-1.png","datePublished":"2024-01-03T05:45:44+00:00","dateModified":"2024-03-01T19:03:05+00:00","description":"The Orphan Drug Act, passed in 1983, revolutionized drug development for rare diseases, helping millions of patients in the process.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://bio.news/federal-policy/orphan-drug-act-celebrates-40-years-of-driving-the-fight-against-rare-diseases/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://bio.news/federal-policy/orphan-drug-act-celebrates-40-years-of-driving-the-fight-against-rare-diseases/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://bio.news/federal-policy/orphan-drug-act-celebrates-40-years-of-driving-the-fight-against-rare-diseases/#primaryimage","url":"https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/orphan-drug-act-40-1.png","contentUrl":"https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/orphan-drug-act-40-1.png","width":966,"height":690},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://bio.news/federal-policy/orphan-drug-act-celebrates-40-years-of-driving-the-fight-against-rare-diseases/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://bio.news/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Orphan Drug Act: 40+ years of fighting rare diseases"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://bio.news/#website","url":"https://bio.news/","name":"Bio.News","description":"Read the latest biotechnology news","publisher":{"@id":"https://bio.news/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://bio.news/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://bio.news/#organization","name":"Bio.News - Biotechnology Innovation Organization (BIO)","url":"https://bio.news/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://bio.news/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BIO-News-2024-Hrztl-RGB.png","contentUrl":"https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BIO-News-2024-Hrztl-RGB.png","width":1900,"height":522,"caption":"Bio.News - Biotechnology Innovation Organization (BIO)"},"image":{"@id":"https://bio.news/#/schema/logo/image/"},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/IAmBiotech","https://x.com/iambiotech","https://www.linkedin.com/company/biotechnology-innovation-organization","https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuiIBYKDE4nKvhgJh-cPV4w"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://bio.news/#/schema/person/391f8c03702e256e5713505071fa3414","name":"Bio.News Staff","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://bio.news/#/schema/person/image/","url":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/db6ff818d1bddddc375aa35257774dc2?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/db6ff818d1bddddc375aa35257774dc2?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Bio.News Staff"},"description":"Read the latest news from the Bio.News staff writers, journalists and content creators specializing in biotech, health care, agriculture, and public policy.","url":"https://bio.news/author/bio-news-staff/"}]}</script>  <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//use.fontawesome.com' /> <link href='https://fonts.gstatic.com' crossorigin='anonymous' rel='preconnect' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Bio.News » Feed" href="https://bio.news/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Bio.News » Comments Feed" href="https://bio.news/comments/feed/" /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='astra-theme-css-css' href='https://bio.news/wp-content/themes/astra/assets/css/minified/main.min.css?ver=4.7.1' media='all' /> <style id='astra-theme-css-inline-css'> :root{--ast-post-nav-space:0;--ast-container-default-xlg-padding:3em;--ast-container-default-lg-padding:3em;--ast-container-default-slg-padding:2em;--ast-container-default-md-padding:3em;--ast-container-default-sm-padding:3em;--ast-container-default-xs-padding:2.4em;--ast-container-default-xxs-padding:1.8em;--ast-code-block-background:#ECEFF3;--ast-comment-inputs-background:#F9FAFB;--ast-normal-container-width:1300px;--ast-narrow-container-width:750px;--ast-blog-title-font-weight:normal;--ast-blog-meta-weight:inherit;}html{font-size:100%;}a{color:#3f3a94;}a:hover,a:focus{color:#01aaa8;}body,button,input,select,textarea,.ast-button,.ast-custom-button{font-family:'Poppins',sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-size:16px;font-size:1rem;line-height:var(--ast-body-line-height,1.85em);}blockquote{color:#252525;}h1,.entry-content h1,h2,.entry-content h2,h3,.entry-content h3,h4,.entry-content h4,h5,.entry-content h5,h6,.entry-content h6,.site-title,.site-title a{font-family:'Poppins',sans-serif;font-weight:500;}.site-title{font-size:26px;font-size:1.625rem;display:block;}header .custom-logo-link img{max-width:200px;}.astra-logo-svg{width:200px;}.site-header .site-description{font-size:15px;font-size:0.9375rem;display:none;}.entry-title{font-size:30px;font-size:1.875rem;}.archive .ast-article-post .ast-article-inner,.blog .ast-article-post .ast-article-inner,.archive .ast-article-post .ast-article-inner:hover,.blog .ast-article-post .ast-article-inner:hover{overflow:hidden;}h1,.entry-content h1{font-size:40px;font-size:2.5rem;font-weight:500;font-family:'Poppins',sans-serif;line-height:1.4em;}h2,.entry-content h2{font-size:32px;font-size:2rem;font-weight:500;font-family:'Poppins',sans-serif;line-height:1.3em;}h3,.entry-content h3{font-size:26px;font-size:1.625rem;font-weight:500;font-family:'Poppins',sans-serif;line-height:1.3em;}h4,.entry-content h4{font-size:24px;font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:500;font-family:'Poppins',sans-serif;}h5,.entry-content h5{font-size:20px;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:500;font-family:'Poppins',sans-serif;}h6,.entry-content h6{font-size:16px;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.25em;font-weight:500;font-family:'Poppins',sans-serif;}::selection{background-color:#3f3a94;color:#ffffff;}body,h1,.entry-title a,.entry-content h1,h2,.entry-content h2,h3,.entry-content h3,h4,.entry-content h4,h5,.entry-content h5,h6,.entry-content h6{color:#707070;}.tagcloud a:hover,.tagcloud a:focus,.tagcloud a.current-item{color:#ffffff;border-color:#3f3a94;background-color:#3f3a94;}input:focus,input[type="text"]:focus,input[type="email"]:focus,input[type="url"]:focus,input[type="password"]:focus,input[type="reset"]:focus,input[type="search"]:focus,textarea:focus{border-color:#3f3a94;}input[type="radio"]:checked,input[type=reset],input[type="checkbox"]:checked,input[type="checkbox"]:hover:checked,input[type="checkbox"]:focus:checked,input[type=range]::-webkit-slider-thumb{border-color:#3f3a94;background-color:#3f3a94;box-shadow:none;}.site-footer a:hover + .post-count,.site-footer a:focus + .post-count{background:#3f3a94;border-color:#3f3a94;}.single .nav-links .nav-previous,.single .nav-links .nav-next{color:#3f3a94;}.entry-meta,.entry-meta *{line-height:1.45;color:#3f3a94;}.entry-meta a:not(.ast-button):hover,.entry-meta a:not(.ast-button):hover *,.entry-meta a:not(.ast-button):focus,.entry-meta a:not(.ast-button):focus *,.page-links > .page-link,.page-links .page-link:hover,.post-navigation a:hover{color:#01aaa8;}#cat option,.secondary .calendar_wrap thead a,.secondary .calendar_wrap thead a:visited{color:#3f3a94;}.secondary .calendar_wrap #today,.ast-progress-val span{background:#3f3a94;}.secondary a:hover + .post-count,.secondary a:focus + .post-count{background:#3f3a94;border-color:#3f3a94;}.calendar_wrap #today > a{color:#ffffff;}.page-links .page-link,.single .post-navigation a{color:#3f3a94;}.ast-search-menu-icon .search-form button.search-submit{padding:0 4px;}.ast-search-menu-icon form.search-form{padding-right:0;}.ast-search-menu-icon.slide-search input.search-field{width:0;}.ast-header-search .ast-search-menu-icon.ast-dropdown-active .search-form,.ast-header-search .ast-search-menu-icon.ast-dropdown-active .search-field:focus{transition:all 0.2s;}.search-form input.search-field:focus{outline:none;}.ast-archive-title{color:#3f3a94;}.widget-title,.widget .wp-block-heading{font-size:22px;font-size:1.375rem;color:#3f3a94;}.single .ast-author-details .author-title{color:#01aaa8;}#secondary,#secondary button,#secondary input,#secondary select,#secondary textarea{font-size:16px;font-size:1rem;}.ast-search-menu-icon.slide-search a:focus-visible:focus-visible,.astra-search-icon:focus-visible,#close:focus-visible,a:focus-visible,.ast-menu-toggle:focus-visible,.site .skip-link:focus-visible,.wp-block-loginout input:focus-visible,.wp-block-search.wp-block-search__button-inside .wp-block-search__inside-wrapper,.ast-header-navigation-arrow:focus-visible,.woocommerce .wc-proceed-to-checkout > .checkout-button:focus-visible,.woocommerce .woocommerce-MyAccount-navigation ul li a:focus-visible,.ast-orders-table__row .ast-orders-table__cell:focus-visible,.woocommerce .woocommerce-order-details .order-again > .button:focus-visible,.woocommerce .woocommerce-message a.button.wc-forward:focus-visible,.woocommerce #minus_qty:focus-visible,.woocommerce #plus_qty:focus-visible,a#ast-apply-coupon:focus-visible,.woocommerce .woocommerce-info a:focus-visible,.woocommerce .astra-shop-summary-wrap a:focus-visible,.woocommerce a.wc-forward:focus-visible,#ast-apply-coupon:focus-visible,.woocommerce-js .woocommerce-mini-cart-item a.remove:focus-visible,#close:focus-visible,.button.search-submit:focus-visible,#search_submit:focus,.normal-search:focus-visible,.ast-header-account-wrap:focus-visible{outline-style:dotted;outline-color:inherit;outline-width:thin;}input:focus,input[type="text"]:focus,input[type="email"]:focus,input[type="url"]:focus,input[type="password"]:focus,input[type="reset"]:focus,input[type="search"]:focus,input[type="number"]:focus,textarea:focus,.wp-block-search__input:focus,[data-section="section-header-mobile-trigger"] .ast-button-wrap .ast-mobile-menu-trigger-minimal:focus,.ast-mobile-popup-drawer.active .menu-toggle-close:focus,.woocommerce-ordering select.orderby:focus,#ast-scroll-top:focus,#coupon_code:focus,.woocommerce-page #comment:focus,.woocommerce #reviews #respond input#submit:focus,.woocommerce a.add_to_cart_button:focus,.woocommerce .button.single_add_to_cart_button:focus,.woocommerce .woocommerce-cart-form button:focus,.woocommerce .woocommerce-cart-form__cart-item .quantity .qty:focus,.woocommerce .woocommerce-billing-fields .woocommerce-billing-fields__field-wrapper .woocommerce-input-wrapper > .input-text:focus,.woocommerce #order_comments:focus,.woocommerce #place_order:focus,.woocommerce .woocommerce-address-fields .woocommerce-address-fields__field-wrapper .woocommerce-input-wrapper > .input-text:focus,.woocommerce .woocommerce-MyAccount-content form button:focus,.woocommerce .woocommerce-MyAccount-content .woocommerce-EditAccountForm .woocommerce-form-row .woocommerce-Input.input-text:focus,.woocommerce .ast-woocommerce-container .woocommerce-pagination ul.page-numbers li a:focus,body #content .woocommerce form .form-row .select2-container--default .select2-selection--single:focus,#ast-coupon-code:focus,.woocommerce.woocommerce-js .quantity input[type=number]:focus,.woocommerce-js .woocommerce-mini-cart-item .quantity input[type=number]:focus,.woocommerce p#ast-coupon-trigger:focus{border-style:dotted;border-color:inherit;border-width:thin;}input{outline:none;}.ast-logo-title-inline .site-logo-img{padding-right:1em;}.site-logo-img img{ transition:all 0.2s linear;}body .ast-oembed-container *{position:absolute;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;left:0;}body .wp-block-embed-pocket-casts .ast-oembed-container *{position:unset;}.ast-single-post-featured-section + article {margin-top: 2em;}.site-content .ast-single-post-featured-section img {width: 100%;overflow: hidden;object-fit: cover;}.site > .ast-single-related-posts-container {margin-top: 0;}@media (min-width: 922px) {.ast-desktop .ast-container--narrow {max-width: var(--ast-narrow-container-width);margin: 0 auto;}}#secondary {margin: 4em 0 2.5em;word-break: break-word;line-height: 2;}#secondary li {margin-bottom: 0.75em;}#secondary li:last-child {margin-bottom: 0;}@media (max-width: 768px) {.js_active .ast-plain-container.ast-single-post #secondary {margin-top: 1.5em;}}.ast-separate-container.ast-two-container #secondary .widget {background-color: #fff;padding: 2em;margin-bottom: 2em;}@media (min-width: 993px) {.ast-left-sidebar #secondary {padding-right: 60px;}.ast-right-sidebar #secondary {padding-left: 60px;}}@media (max-width: 993px) {.ast-right-sidebar #secondary {padding-left: 30px;}.ast-left-sidebar #secondary {padding-right: 30px;}}@media (min-width: 993px) {.ast-page-builder-template.ast-left-sidebar #secondary {padding-left: 60px;}.ast-page-builder-template.ast-right-sidebar #secondary {padding-right: 60px;}}@media (max-width: 993px) {.ast-page-builder-template.ast-right-sidebar #secondary {padding-right: 30px;}.ast-page-builder-template.ast-left-sidebar #secondary {padding-left: 30px;}}@media (max-width:921.9px){#ast-desktop-header{display:none;}}@media (min-width:922px){#ast-mobile-header{display:none;}}@media( max-width: 420px ) {.single .nav-links .nav-previous,.single .nav-links .nav-next {width: 100%;text-align: center;}}.wp-block-buttons.aligncenter{justify-content:center;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-theme-transparent-header #primary,.ast-theme-transparent-header #secondary{padding:0;}}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-plain-container.ast-no-sidebar #primary{padding:0;}}.ast-plain-container.ast-no-sidebar #primary{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;}@media (min-width:1200px){.ast-plain-container.ast-no-sidebar #primary{margin-top:60px;margin-bottom:60px;}}.wp-block-button.is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link{border-color:#3f3a94;border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;}div.wp-block-button.is-style-outline > .wp-block-button__link:not(.has-text-color),div.wp-block-button.wp-block-button__link.is-style-outline:not(.has-text-color){color:#3f3a94;}.wp-block-button.is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link:hover,.wp-block-buttons .wp-block-button.is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link:focus,.wp-block-buttons .wp-block-button.is-style-outline > .wp-block-button__link:not(.has-text-color):hover,.wp-block-buttons .wp-block-button.wp-block-button__link.is-style-outline:not(.has-text-color):hover{color:#ffffff;background-color:#01aaa8;border-color:#01aaa8;}.post-page-numbers.current .page-link,.ast-pagination .page-numbers.current{color:#ffffff;border-color:#3f3a94;background-color:#3f3a94;}.wp-block-button.is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link{border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;}.wp-block-button.is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link.wp-element-button,.ast-outline-button{border-color:#3f3a94;font-family:inherit;font-weight:500;font-size:16px;font-size:1rem;line-height:1em;border-top-left-radius:30px;border-top-right-radius:30px;border-bottom-right-radius:30px;border-bottom-left-radius:30px;}.wp-block-buttons .wp-block-button.is-style-outline > .wp-block-button__link:not(.has-text-color),.wp-block-buttons .wp-block-button.wp-block-button__link.is-style-outline:not(.has-text-color),.ast-outline-button{color:#3f3a94;}.wp-block-button.is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link:hover,.wp-block-buttons .wp-block-button.is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link:focus,.wp-block-buttons .wp-block-button.is-style-outline > .wp-block-button__link:not(.has-text-color):hover,.wp-block-buttons .wp-block-button.wp-block-button__link.is-style-outline:not(.has-text-color):hover,.ast-outline-button:hover,.ast-outline-button:focus,.wp-block-uagb-buttons-child .uagb-buttons-repeater.ast-outline-button:hover,.wp-block-uagb-buttons-child .uagb-buttons-repeater.ast-outline-button:focus{color:#ffffff;background-color:#01aaa8;border-color:#01aaa8;}.wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link.wp-element-button.is-style-outline:not(.has-background),.wp-block-button.is-style-outline>.wp-block-button__link.wp-element-button:not(.has-background),.ast-outline-button{background-color:#3f3a94;}.entry-content[ast-blocks-layout] > figure{margin-bottom:1em;}h1.widget-title{font-weight:500;}h2.widget-title{font-weight:500;}h3.widget-title{font-weight:500;}#page{display:flex;flex-direction:column;min-height:100vh;}.ast-404-layout-1 h1.page-title{color:var(--ast-global-color-2);}.single .post-navigation a{line-height:1em;height:inherit;}.error-404 .page-sub-title{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:inherit;}.search .site-content .content-area .search-form{margin-bottom:0;}#page .site-content{flex-grow:1;}.widget{margin-bottom:1.25em;}#secondary li{line-height:1.5em;}#secondary .wp-block-group h2{margin-bottom:0.7em;}#secondary h2{font-size:1.7rem;}.ast-separate-container .ast-article-post,.ast-separate-container .ast-article-single,.ast-separate-container .comment-respond{padding:3em;}.ast-separate-container .ast-article-single .ast-article-single{padding:0;}.ast-article-single .wp-block-post-template-is-layout-grid{padding-left:0;}.ast-separate-container .comments-title,.ast-narrow-container .comments-title{padding:1.5em 2em;}.ast-page-builder-template .comment-form-textarea,.ast-comment-formwrap .ast-grid-common-col{padding:0;}.ast-comment-formwrap{padding:0;display:inline-flex;column-gap:20px;width:100%;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.comments-area textarea#comment:focus,.comments-area textarea#comment:active,.comments-area .ast-comment-formwrap input[type="text"]:focus,.comments-area .ast-comment-formwrap input[type="text"]:active {box-shadow:none;outline:none;}.archive.ast-page-builder-template .entry-header{margin-top:2em;}.ast-page-builder-template .ast-comment-formwrap{width:100%;}.entry-title{margin-bottom:0.5em;}.ast-archive-description p{font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;}.ast-separate-container .ast-comment-list li.depth-1,.hentry{margin-bottom:2em;}@media (min-width:921px){.ast-left-sidebar.ast-page-builder-template #secondary,.archive.ast-right-sidebar.ast-page-builder-template .site-main{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-comment-formwrap.ast-row{column-gap:10px;display:inline-block;}#ast-commentform .ast-grid-common-col{position:relative;width:100%;}}@media (min-width:1201px){.ast-separate-container .ast-article-post,.ast-separate-container .ast-article-single,.ast-separate-container .ast-author-box,.ast-separate-container .ast-404-layout-1,.ast-separate-container .no-results{padding:3em;}}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-separate-container #primary,.ast-separate-container #secondary{padding:1.5em 0;}#primary,#secondary{padding:1.5em 0;margin:0;}.ast-left-sidebar #content > .ast-container{display:flex;flex-direction:column-reverse;width:100%;}}@media (max-width:921px){#secondary.secondary{padding-top:0;}.ast-separate-container.ast-right-sidebar #secondary{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;}.ast-separate-container.ast-two-container #secondary{padding-left:0;padding-right:0;}.ast-page-builder-template .entry-header #secondary,.ast-page-builder-template #secondary{margin-top:1.5em;}}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-right-sidebar #primary{padding-right:0;}.ast-page-builder-template.ast-left-sidebar #secondary,.ast-page-builder-template.ast-right-sidebar #secondary{padding-right:20px;padding-left:20px;}.ast-right-sidebar #secondary,.ast-left-sidebar #primary{padding-left:0;}.ast-left-sidebar #secondary{padding-right:0;}}@media (min-width:922px){.ast-separate-container.ast-right-sidebar #primary,.ast-separate-container.ast-left-sidebar #primary{border:0;}.search-no-results.ast-separate-container #primary{margin-bottom:4em;}}@media (min-width:922px){.ast-right-sidebar #primary{border-right:1px solid var(--ast-border-color);}.ast-left-sidebar #primary{border-left:1px solid var(--ast-border-color);}.ast-right-sidebar #secondary{border-left:1px solid var(--ast-border-color);margin-left:-1px;}.ast-left-sidebar #secondary{border-right:1px solid var(--ast-border-color);margin-right:-1px;}.ast-separate-container.ast-two-container.ast-right-sidebar #secondary{padding-left:30px;padding-right:0;}.ast-separate-container.ast-two-container.ast-left-sidebar #secondary{padding-right:30px;padding-left:0;}.ast-separate-container.ast-right-sidebar #secondary,.ast-separate-container.ast-left-sidebar #secondary{border:0;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}.ast-separate-container.ast-two-container #secondary .widget:last-child{margin-bottom:0;}}.wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link{color:#ffffff;}.wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link:hover,.wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link:focus{color:#ffffff;background-color:#01aaa8;border-color:#01aaa8;}.elementor-widget-heading h1.elementor-heading-title{line-height:1.4em;}.elementor-widget-heading h2.elementor-heading-title{line-height:1.3em;}.elementor-widget-heading h3.elementor-heading-title{line-height:1.3em;}.elementor-widget-heading h4.elementor-heading-title{line-height:1.2em;}.elementor-widget-heading h5.elementor-heading-title{line-height:1.2em;}.elementor-widget-heading h6.elementor-heading-title{line-height:1.25em;}.wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link,.wp-block-search .wp-block-search__button,body .wp-block-file .wp-block-file__button{border-style:solid;border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-color:#3f3a94;background-color:#3f3a94;color:#ffffff;font-family:inherit;font-weight:500;line-height:1em;font-size:16px;font-size:1rem;border-top-left-radius:30px;border-top-right-radius:30px;border-bottom-right-radius:30px;border-bottom-left-radius:30px;padding-top:10px;padding-right:20px;padding-bottom:10px;padding-left:20px;}.menu-toggle,button,.ast-button,.ast-custom-button,.button,input#submit,input[type="button"],input[type="submit"],input[type="reset"],form[CLASS*="wp-block-search__"].wp-block-search .wp-block-search__inside-wrapper .wp-block-search__button,body .wp-block-file .wp-block-file__button,.search .search-submit,.woocommerce-js a.button,.woocommerce button.button,.woocommerce .woocommerce-message a.button,.woocommerce #respond input#submit.alt,.woocommerce input.button.alt,.woocommerce input.button,.woocommerce input.button:disabled,.woocommerce input.button:disabled[disabled],.woocommerce input.button:disabled:hover,.woocommerce input.button:disabled[disabled]:hover,.woocommerce #respond input#submit,.woocommerce button.button.alt.disabled,.wc-block-grid__products .wc-block-grid__product .wp-block-button__link,.wc-block-grid__product-onsale,[CLASS*="wc-block"] button,.woocommerce-js .astra-cart-drawer .astra-cart-drawer-content .woocommerce-mini-cart__buttons .button:not(.checkout):not(.ast-continue-shopping),.woocommerce-js .astra-cart-drawer .astra-cart-drawer-content .woocommerce-mini-cart__buttons a.checkout,.woocommerce button.button.alt.disabled.wc-variation-selection-needed,[CLASS*="wc-block"] .wc-block-components-button{border-style:solid;border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;color:#ffffff;border-color:#3f3a94;background-color:#3f3a94;padding-top:10px;padding-right:20px;padding-bottom:10px;padding-left:20px;font-family:inherit;font-weight:500;font-size:16px;font-size:1rem;line-height:1em;border-top-left-radius:30px;border-top-right-radius:30px;border-bottom-right-radius:30px;border-bottom-left-radius:30px;}button:focus,.menu-toggle:hover,button:hover,.ast-button:hover,.ast-custom-button:hover .button:hover,.ast-custom-button:hover ,input[type=reset]:hover,input[type=reset]:focus,input#submit:hover,input#submit:focus,input[type="button"]:hover,input[type="button"]:focus,input[type="submit"]:hover,input[type="submit"]:focus,form[CLASS*="wp-block-search__"].wp-block-search .wp-block-search__inside-wrapper .wp-block-search__button:hover,form[CLASS*="wp-block-search__"].wp-block-search .wp-block-search__inside-wrapper .wp-block-search__button:focus,body .wp-block-file .wp-block-file__button:hover,body .wp-block-file .wp-block-file__button:focus,.woocommerce-js a.button:hover,.woocommerce button.button:hover,.woocommerce .woocommerce-message a.button:hover,.woocommerce #respond input#submit:hover,.woocommerce #respond input#submit.alt:hover,.woocommerce input.button.alt:hover,.woocommerce input.button:hover,.woocommerce button.button.alt.disabled:hover,.wc-block-grid__products .wc-block-grid__product .wp-block-button__link:hover,[CLASS*="wc-block"] button:hover,.woocommerce-js .astra-cart-drawer .astra-cart-drawer-content .woocommerce-mini-cart__buttons .button:not(.checkout):not(.ast-continue-shopping):hover,.woocommerce-js .astra-cart-drawer .astra-cart-drawer-content .woocommerce-mini-cart__buttons a.checkout:hover,.woocommerce button.button.alt.disabled.wc-variation-selection-needed:hover,[CLASS*="wc-block"] .wc-block-components-button:hover,[CLASS*="wc-block"] .wc-block-components-button:focus{color:#ffffff;background-color:#01aaa8;border-color:#01aaa8;}form[CLASS*="wp-block-search__"].wp-block-search .wp-block-search__inside-wrapper .wp-block-search__button.has-icon{padding-top:calc(10px - 3px);padding-right:calc(20px - 3px);padding-bottom:calc(10px - 3px);padding-left:calc(20px - 3px);}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-mobile-header-stack .main-header-bar .ast-search-menu-icon{display:inline-block;}.ast-header-break-point.ast-header-custom-item-outside .ast-mobile-header-stack .main-header-bar .ast-search-icon{margin:0;}.ast-comment-avatar-wrap img{max-width:2.5em;}.ast-comment-meta{padding:0 1.8888em 1.3333em;}.ast-separate-container .ast-comment-list li.depth-1{padding:1.5em 2.14em;}.ast-separate-container .comment-respond{padding:2em 2.14em;}}@media (min-width:544px){.ast-container{max-width:100%;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-separate-container .ast-article-post,.ast-separate-container .ast-article-single,.ast-separate-container .comments-title,.ast-separate-container .ast-archive-description{padding:1.5em 1em;}.ast-separate-container #content .ast-container{padding-left:0.54em;padding-right:0.54em;}.ast-separate-container .ast-comment-list .bypostauthor{padding:.5em;}.ast-search-menu-icon.ast-dropdown-active .search-field{width:170px;}.ast-separate-container #secondary{padding-top:0;}.ast-separate-container.ast-two-container #secondary .widget{margin-bottom:1.5em;padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;}}.ast-separate-container{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-4);;background-image:none;;}@media (max-width:921px){.site-title{display:block;}.site-header .site-description{display:none;}h1,.entry-content h1{font-size:30px;}h2,.entry-content h2{font-size:25px;}h3,.entry-content h3{font-size:20px;}}@media (max-width:544px){.site-title{display:block;}.site-header .site-description{display:none;}h1,.entry-content h1{font-size:30px;}h2,.entry-content h2{font-size:25px;}h3,.entry-content h3{font-size:20px;}}@media (max-width:921px){html{font-size:91.2%;}}@media (max-width:544px){html{font-size:91.2%;}}@media (min-width:922px){.ast-container{max-width:1340px;}}@media (min-width:922px){.site-content .ast-container{display:flex;}}@media (max-width:921px){.site-content .ast-container{flex-direction:column;}}@media (min-width:922px){.main-header-menu .sub-menu .menu-item.ast-left-align-sub-menu:hover > .sub-menu,.main-header-menu .sub-menu .menu-item.ast-left-align-sub-menu.focus > .sub-menu{margin-left:-0px;}}.site .comments-area{padding-bottom:3em;}.wp-block-file {display: flex;align-items: center;flex-wrap: wrap;justify-content: space-between;}.wp-block-pullquote {border: none;}.wp-block-pullquote blockquote::before {content: "\201D";font-family: "Helvetica",sans-serif;display: flex;transform: rotate( 180deg );font-size: 6rem;font-style: normal;line-height: 1;font-weight: bold;align-items: center;justify-content: center;}.has-text-align-right > blockquote::before {justify-content: flex-start;}.has-text-align-left > blockquote::before {justify-content: flex-end;}figure.wp-block-pullquote.is-style-solid-color blockquote {max-width: 100%;text-align: inherit;}html body {--wp--custom--ast-default-block-top-padding: 2em;--wp--custom--ast-default-block-right-padding: 2em;--wp--custom--ast-default-block-bottom-padding: 2em;--wp--custom--ast-default-block-left-padding: 2em;--wp--custom--ast-container-width: 1300px;--wp--custom--ast-content-width-size: 1300px;--wp--custom--ast-wide-width-size: calc(1300px + var(--wp--custom--ast-default-block-left-padding) + var(--wp--custom--ast-default-block-right-padding));}.ast-narrow-container {--wp--custom--ast-content-width-size: 750px;--wp--custom--ast-wide-width-size: 750px;}@media(max-width: 921px) {html body {--wp--custom--ast-default-block-top-padding: 2em;--wp--custom--ast-default-block-right-padding: 2em;--wp--custom--ast-default-block-bottom-padding: 2em;--wp--custom--ast-default-block-left-padding: 2em;}}@media(max-width: 544px) {html body {--wp--custom--ast-default-block-top-padding: 2em;--wp--custom--ast-default-block-right-padding: 2em;--wp--custom--ast-default-block-bottom-padding: 2em;--wp--custom--ast-default-block-left-padding: 2em;}}.entry-content > .wp-block-group,.entry-content > .wp-block-cover,.entry-content > .wp-block-columns {padding-top: var(--wp--custom--ast-default-block-top-padding);padding-right: var(--wp--custom--ast-default-block-right-padding);padding-bottom: var(--wp--custom--ast-default-block-bottom-padding);padding-left: var(--wp--custom--ast-default-block-left-padding);}.ast-plain-container.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content > .alignfull,.ast-page-builder-template .ast-no-sidebar .entry-content > .alignfull {margin-left: calc( -50vw + 50%);margin-right: calc( -50vw + 50%);max-width: 100vw;width: 100vw;}.ast-plain-container.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .alignfull .alignfull,.ast-page-builder-template.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .alignfull .alignfull,.ast-plain-container.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .alignfull .alignwide,.ast-page-builder-template.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .alignfull .alignwide,.ast-plain-container.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .alignwide .alignfull,.ast-page-builder-template.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .alignwide .alignfull,.ast-plain-container.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .alignwide .alignwide,.ast-page-builder-template.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .alignwide .alignwide,.ast-plain-container.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .wp-block-column .alignfull,.ast-page-builder-template.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .wp-block-column .alignfull,.ast-plain-container.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .wp-block-column .alignwide,.ast-page-builder-template.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .wp-block-column .alignwide {margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width: 100%;}[ast-blocks-layout] .wp-block-separator:not(.is-style-dots) {height: 0;}[ast-blocks-layout] .wp-block-separator {margin: 20px auto;}[ast-blocks-layout] .wp-block-separator:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots) {max-width: 100px;}[ast-blocks-layout] .wp-block-separator.has-background {padding: 0;}.entry-content[ast-blocks-layout] > * {max-width: var(--wp--custom--ast-content-width-size);margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;}.entry-content[ast-blocks-layout] > .alignwide {max-width: var(--wp--custom--ast-wide-width-size);}.entry-content[ast-blocks-layout] .alignfull {max-width: none;}.entry-content .wp-block-columns {margin-bottom: 0;}blockquote {margin: 1.5em;border-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.05);}.wp-block-quote:not(.has-text-align-right):not(.has-text-align-center) {border-left: 5px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.05);}.has-text-align-right > blockquote,blockquote.has-text-align-right {border-right: 5px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.05);}.has-text-align-left > blockquote,blockquote.has-text-align-left {border-left: 5px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.05);}.wp-block-site-tagline,.wp-block-latest-posts .read-more {margin-top: 15px;}.wp-block-loginout p label {display: block;}.wp-block-loginout p:not(.login-remember):not(.login-submit) input {width: 100%;}.wp-block-loginout input:focus {border-color: transparent;}.wp-block-loginout input:focus {outline: thin dotted;}.entry-content .wp-block-media-text .wp-block-media-text__content {padding: 0 0 0 8%;}.entry-content .wp-block-media-text.has-media-on-the-right .wp-block-media-text__content {padding: 0 8% 0 0;}.entry-content .wp-block-media-text.has-background .wp-block-media-text__content {padding: 8%;}.entry-content .wp-block-cover:not([class*="background-color"]) .wp-block-cover__inner-container,.entry-content .wp-block-cover:not([class*="background-color"]) .wp-block-cover-image-text,.entry-content .wp-block-cover:not([class*="background-color"]) .wp-block-cover-text,.entry-content .wp-block-cover-image:not([class*="background-color"]) .wp-block-cover__inner-container,.entry-content .wp-block-cover-image:not([class*="background-color"]) .wp-block-cover-image-text,.entry-content .wp-block-cover-image:not([class*="background-color"]) .wp-block-cover-text {color: var(--ast-global-color-5);}.wp-block-loginout .login-remember input {width: 1.1rem;height: 1.1rem;margin: 0 5px 4px 0;vertical-align: middle;}.wp-block-latest-posts > li > *:first-child,.wp-block-latest-posts:not(.is-grid) > li:first-child {margin-top: 0;}.wp-block-search__inside-wrapper .wp-block-search__input {padding: 0 10px;color: var(--ast-global-color-3);background: var(--ast-global-color-5);border-color: var(--ast-border-color);}.wp-block-latest-posts .read-more {margin-bottom: 1.5em;}.wp-block-search__no-button .wp-block-search__inside-wrapper .wp-block-search__input {padding-top: 5px;padding-bottom: 5px;}.wp-block-latest-posts .wp-block-latest-posts__post-date,.wp-block-latest-posts .wp-block-latest-posts__post-author {font-size: 1rem;}.wp-block-latest-posts > li > *,.wp-block-latest-posts:not(.is-grid) > li {margin-top: 12px;margin-bottom: 12px;}.ast-page-builder-template .entry-content[ast-blocks-layout] > *,.ast-page-builder-template .entry-content[ast-blocks-layout] > .alignfull > * {max-width: none;}.ast-page-builder-template .entry-content[ast-blocks-layout] > .alignwide > * {max-width: var(--wp--custom--ast-wide-width-size);}.ast-page-builder-template .entry-content[ast-blocks-layout] > .inherit-container-width > *,.ast-page-builder-template .entry-content[ast-blocks-layout] > * > *,.entry-content[ast-blocks-layout] > .wp-block-cover .wp-block-cover__inner-container {max-width: var(--wp--custom--ast-content-width-size);margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;}.entry-content[ast-blocks-layout] .wp-block-cover:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright) {width: auto;}@media(max-width: 1200px) {.ast-separate-container .entry-content > .alignfull,.ast-separate-container .entry-content[ast-blocks-layout] > .alignwide,.ast-plain-container .entry-content[ast-blocks-layout] > .alignwide,.ast-plain-container .entry-content .alignfull {margin-left: calc(-1 * min(var(--ast-container-default-xlg-padding),20px)) ;margin-right: calc(-1 * min(var(--ast-container-default-xlg-padding),20px));}}@media(min-width: 1201px) {.ast-separate-container .entry-content > .alignfull {margin-left: calc(-1 * var(--ast-container-default-xlg-padding) );margin-right: calc(-1 * var(--ast-container-default-xlg-padding) );}.ast-separate-container .entry-content[ast-blocks-layout] > .alignwide,.ast-plain-container .entry-content[ast-blocks-layout] > .alignwide {margin-left: calc(-1 * var(--wp--custom--ast-default-block-left-padding) );margin-right: calc(-1 * var(--wp--custom--ast-default-block-right-padding) );}}@media(min-width: 921px) {.ast-separate-container .entry-content .wp-block-group.alignwide:not(.inherit-container-width) > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright)),.ast-plain-container .entry-content .wp-block-group.alignwide:not(.inherit-container-width) > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright)) {max-width: calc( var(--wp--custom--ast-content-width-size) + 80px );}.ast-plain-container.ast-right-sidebar .entry-content[ast-blocks-layout] .alignfull,.ast-plain-container.ast-left-sidebar .entry-content[ast-blocks-layout] .alignfull {margin-left: -60px;margin-right: -60px;}}@media(min-width: 544px) {.entry-content > .alignleft {margin-right: 20px;}.entry-content > .alignright {margin-left: 20px;}}@media (max-width:544px){.wp-block-columns .wp-block-column:not(:last-child){margin-bottom:20px;}.wp-block-latest-posts{margin:0;}}@media( max-width: 600px ) {.entry-content .wp-block-media-text .wp-block-media-text__content,.entry-content .wp-block-media-text.has-media-on-the-right .wp-block-media-text__content {padding: 8% 0 0;}.entry-content .wp-block-media-text.has-background .wp-block-media-text__content {padding: 8%;}}.ast-page-builder-template .entry-header {padding-left: 0;}.ast-narrow-container .site-content .wp-block-uagb-image--align-full .wp-block-uagb-image__figure {max-width: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;}.entry-content ul,.entry-content ol {padding: revert;margin: revert;}:root .has-ast-global-color-0-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-0);}:root .has-ast-global-color-0-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-0);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-0-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-0);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-0-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-0);}:root .has-ast-global-color-1-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}:root .has-ast-global-color-1-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-1-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-1-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}:root .has-ast-global-color-2-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-2);}:root .has-ast-global-color-2-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-2);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-2-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-2);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-2-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-2);}:root .has-ast-global-color-3-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-3);}:root .has-ast-global-color-3-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-3);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-3-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-3);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-3-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-3);}:root .has-ast-global-color-4-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-4);}:root .has-ast-global-color-4-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-4);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-4-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-4);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-4-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-4);}:root .has-ast-global-color-5-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}:root .has-ast-global-color-5-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-5-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-5-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}:root .has-ast-global-color-6-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}:root .has-ast-global-color-6-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-6-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-6-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}:root .has-ast-global-color-7-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-7);}:root .has-ast-global-color-7-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-7);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-7-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-7);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-7-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-7);}:root .has-ast-global-color-8-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-8);}:root .has-ast-global-color-8-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-8);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-8-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-8);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-8-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-8);}:root{--ast-global-color-0:#046bd2;--ast-global-color-1:#045cb4;--ast-global-color-2:#1e293b;--ast-global-color-3:#334155;--ast-global-color-4:#f9fafb;--ast-global-color-5:#FFFFFF;--ast-global-color-6:#e2e8f0;--ast-global-color-7:#cbd5e1;--ast-global-color-8:#94a3b8;}:root {--ast-border-color : var(--ast-global-color-6);}.ast-single-entry-banner {-js-display: flex;display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;text-align: center;position: relative;background: #eeeeee;}.ast-single-entry-banner[data-banner-layout="layout-1"] {max-width: 1300px;background: inherit;padding: 20px 0;}.ast-single-entry-banner[data-banner-width-type="custom"] {margin: 0 auto;width: 100%;}.ast-single-entry-banner + .site-content .entry-header {margin-bottom: 0;}.site .ast-author-avatar {--ast-author-avatar-size: ;}a.ast-underline-text {text-decoration: underline;}.ast-container > .ast-terms-link {position: relative;display: block;}a.ast-button.ast-badge-tax {padding: 4px 8px;border-radius: 3px;font-size: inherit;}header.entry-header:not(.related-entry-header) .entry-title{font-weight:500;font-size:32px;font-size:2rem;}header.entry-header:not(.related-entry-header) > *:not(:last-child){margin-bottom:10px;}.ast-archive-entry-banner {-js-display: flex;display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;text-align: center;position: relative;background: #eeeeee;}.ast-archive-entry-banner[data-banner-width-type="custom"] {margin: 0 auto;width: 100%;}.ast-archive-entry-banner[data-banner-layout="layout-1"] {background: inherit;padding: 20px 0;text-align: left;}body.archive .ast-archive-description{max-width:1300px;width:100%;text-align:left;padding-top:3em;padding-right:3em;padding-bottom:3em;padding-left:3em;}body.archive .ast-archive-description .ast-archive-title,body.archive .ast-archive-description .ast-archive-title *{font-weight:500;font-size:40px;font-size:2.5rem;}body.archive .ast-archive-description > *:not(:last-child){margin-bottom:10px;}@media (max-width:921px){body.archive .ast-archive-description{text-align:left;}}@media (max-width:544px){body.archive .ast-archive-description{text-align:left;}}.ast-breadcrumbs .trail-browse,.ast-breadcrumbs .trail-items,.ast-breadcrumbs .trail-items li{display:inline-block;margin:0;padding:0;border:none;background:inherit;text-indent:0;text-decoration:none;}.ast-breadcrumbs .trail-browse{font-size:inherit;font-style:inherit;font-weight:inherit;color:inherit;}.ast-breadcrumbs .trail-items{list-style:none;}.trail-items li::after{padding:0 0.3em;content:"\00bb";}.trail-items li:last-of-type::after{display:none;}h1,.entry-content h1,h2,.entry-content h2,h3,.entry-content h3,h4,.entry-content h4,h5,.entry-content h5,h6,.entry-content h6{color:#3f3a94;}.entry-title a{color:#3f3a94;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-builder-grid-row-container.ast-builder-grid-row-tablet-3-firstrow .ast-builder-grid-row > *:first-child,.ast-builder-grid-row-container.ast-builder-grid-row-tablet-3-lastrow .ast-builder-grid-row > *:last-child{grid-column:1 / -1;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-builder-grid-row-container.ast-builder-grid-row-mobile-3-firstrow .ast-builder-grid-row > *:first-child,.ast-builder-grid-row-container.ast-builder-grid-row-mobile-3-lastrow .ast-builder-grid-row > *:last-child{grid-column:1 / -1;}}.ast-builder-layout-element .ast-site-identity{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;margin-right:0px;}.ast-builder-layout-element[data-section="title_tagline"]{display:flex;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-builder-layout-element[data-section="title_tagline"]{display:flex;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-builder-layout-element[data-section="title_tagline"]{display:flex;}}.ast-builder-menu-1{font-family:inherit;font-weight:500;}.ast-builder-menu-1 .menu-item > .menu-link{line-height:24px;font-size:16px;font-size:1rem;color:#707070;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:8px;padding-right:8px;}.ast-builder-menu-1 .menu-item > .ast-menu-toggle{color:#707070;}.ast-builder-menu-1 .menu-item:hover > .menu-link,.ast-builder-menu-1 .inline-on-mobile .menu-item:hover > .ast-menu-toggle{color:#01aaa8;}.ast-builder-menu-1 .menu-item:hover > .ast-menu-toggle{color:#01aaa8;}.ast-builder-menu-1 .menu-item.current-menu-item > .menu-link,.ast-builder-menu-1 .inline-on-mobile .menu-item.current-menu-item > .ast-menu-toggle,.ast-builder-menu-1 .current-menu-ancestor > .menu-link{color:#707070;}.ast-builder-menu-1 .menu-item.current-menu-item > .ast-menu-toggle{color:#707070;}.ast-builder-menu-1 .sub-menu,.ast-builder-menu-1 .inline-on-mobile .sub-menu{border-top-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;border-color:#3f3a94;border-style:solid;}.ast-builder-menu-1 .main-header-menu > .menu-item > .sub-menu,.ast-builder-menu-1 .main-header-menu > .menu-item > .astra-full-megamenu-wrapper{margin-top:0px;}.ast-desktop .ast-builder-menu-1 .main-header-menu > .menu-item > .sub-menu:before,.ast-desktop .ast-builder-menu-1 .main-header-menu > .menu-item > .astra-full-megamenu-wrapper:before{height:calc( 0px + 5px );}.ast-builder-menu-1 .menu-item.menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle{top:0px;right:calc( 8px - 0.907em );}.ast-builder-menu-1 .main-header-menu,.ast-header-break-point .ast-builder-menu-1 .main-header-menu{margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;margin-right:0px;}.ast-desktop .ast-builder-menu-1 .menu-item .sub-menu .menu-link{border-style:none;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-builder-menu-1 .menu-item.menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle{top:0;}.ast-builder-menu-1 .inline-on-mobile .menu-item.menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle{right:-15px;}.ast-builder-menu-1 .menu-item-has-children > .menu-link:after{content:unset;}.ast-builder-menu-1 .main-header-menu > .menu-item > .sub-menu,.ast-builder-menu-1 .main-header-menu > .menu-item > .astra-full-megamenu-wrapper{margin-top:0;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-builder-menu-1 .menu-item.menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle{top:0;}.ast-builder-menu-1 .main-header-menu > .menu-item > .sub-menu,.ast-builder-menu-1 .main-header-menu > .menu-item > .astra-full-megamenu-wrapper{margin-top:0;}}.ast-builder-menu-1{display:flex;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-builder-menu-1{display:flex;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-builder-menu-1{display:flex;}}.ast-builder-menu-2{font-family:inherit;font-weight:inherit;}.ast-builder-menu-2 .menu-item > .menu-link{font-size:12px;font-size:0.75rem;color:var(--ast-global-color-5);padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:6px;padding-right:6px;}.ast-builder-menu-2 .menu-item > .ast-menu-toggle{color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}.ast-builder-menu-2 .menu-item:hover > .menu-link,.ast-builder-menu-2 .inline-on-mobile .menu-item:hover > .ast-menu-toggle{color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}.ast-builder-menu-2 .menu-item:hover > .ast-menu-toggle{color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}.ast-builder-menu-2 .menu-item.current-menu-item > .menu-link,.ast-builder-menu-2 .inline-on-mobile .menu-item.current-menu-item > .ast-menu-toggle,.ast-builder-menu-2 .current-menu-ancestor > .menu-link{color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}.ast-builder-menu-2 .menu-item.current-menu-item > .ast-menu-toggle{color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}.ast-builder-menu-2 .sub-menu,.ast-builder-menu-2 .inline-on-mobile .sub-menu{border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;border-color:#3f3a94;border-style:solid;}.ast-builder-menu-2 .main-header-menu > .menu-item > .sub-menu,.ast-builder-menu-2 .main-header-menu > .menu-item > .astra-full-megamenu-wrapper{margin-top:0px;}.ast-desktop .ast-builder-menu-2 .main-header-menu > .menu-item > .sub-menu:before,.ast-desktop .ast-builder-menu-2 .main-header-menu > .menu-item > .astra-full-megamenu-wrapper:before{height:calc( 0px + 5px );}.ast-builder-menu-2 .menu-item.menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle{top:0px;right:calc( 6px - 0.907em );}.ast-desktop .ast-builder-menu-2 .menu-item .sub-menu .menu-link{border-style:none;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-builder-menu-2 .menu-item.menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle{top:0;}.ast-builder-menu-2 .inline-on-mobile .menu-item.menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle{right:-15px;}.ast-builder-menu-2 .menu-item-has-children > .menu-link:after{content:unset;}.ast-builder-menu-2 .main-header-menu > .menu-item > .sub-menu,.ast-builder-menu-2 .main-header-menu > .menu-item > .astra-full-megamenu-wrapper{margin-top:0;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-builder-menu-2 .menu-item.menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle{top:0;}.ast-builder-menu-2 .main-header-menu > .menu-item > .sub-menu,.ast-builder-menu-2 .main-header-menu > .menu-item > .astra-full-megamenu-wrapper{margin-top:0;}}.ast-builder-menu-2{display:flex;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-builder-menu-2{display:flex;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-builder-menu-2{display:flex;}}.main-header-bar .main-header-bar-navigation .ast-search-icon {display: block;z-index: 4;position: relative;}.ast-search-icon .ast-icon {z-index: 4;}.ast-search-icon {z-index: 4;position: relative;line-height: normal;}.main-header-bar .ast-search-menu-icon .search-form {background-color: #ffffff;}.ast-search-menu-icon.ast-dropdown-active.slide-search .search-form {visibility: visible;opacity: 1;}.ast-search-menu-icon .search-form {border: 1px solid #e7e7e7;line-height: normal;padding: 0 3em 0 0;border-radius: 2px;display: inline-block;-webkit-backface-visibility: hidden;backface-visibility: hidden;position: relative;color: inherit;background-color: #fff;}.ast-search-menu-icon .astra-search-icon {-js-display: flex;display: flex;line-height: normal;}.ast-search-menu-icon .astra-search-icon:focus {outline: none;}.ast-search-menu-icon .search-field {border: none;background-color: transparent;transition: all .3s;border-radius: inherit;color: inherit;font-size: inherit;width: 0;color: #757575;}.ast-search-menu-icon .search-submit {display: none;background: none;border: none;font-size: 1.3em;color: #757575;}.ast-search-menu-icon.ast-dropdown-active {visibility: visible;opacity: 1;position: relative;}.ast-search-menu-icon.ast-dropdown-active .search-field,.ast-dropdown-active.ast-search-menu-icon.slide-search input.search-field {width: 235px;}.ast-header-search .ast-search-menu-icon.slide-search .search-form,.ast-header-search .ast-search-menu-icon.ast-inline-search .search-form {-js-display: flex;display: flex;align-items: center;}.ast-search-menu-icon.ast-inline-search .search-field {width : 100%;padding : 0.60em;padding-right : 5.5em;transition: all 0.2s;}.site-header-section-left .ast-search-menu-icon.slide-search .search-form {padding-left: 2em;padding-right: unset;left: -1em;right: unset;}.site-header-section-left .ast-search-menu-icon.slide-search .search-form .search-field {margin-right: unset;}.ast-search-menu-icon.slide-search .search-form {-webkit-backface-visibility: visible;backface-visibility: visible;visibility: hidden;opacity: 0;transition: all .2s;position: absolute;z-index: 3;right: -1em;top: 50%;transform: translateY(-50%);}.ast-header-search .ast-search-menu-icon .search-form .search-field:-ms-input-placeholder,.ast-header-search .ast-search-menu-icon .search-form .search-field:-ms-input-placeholder{opacity:0.5;}.ast-header-search .ast-search-menu-icon.slide-search .search-form,.ast-header-search .ast-search-menu-icon.ast-inline-search .search-form{-js-display:flex;display:flex;align-items:center;}.ast-builder-layout-element.ast-header-search{height:auto;}.ast-header-search .astra-search-icon{color:#ffffff;font-size:16px;}.ast-header-search .search-field::placeholder,.ast-header-search .ast-icon{color:#ffffff;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-header-search .astra-search-icon{font-size:18px;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-header-search .astra-search-icon{font-size:18px;}}.ast-header-search{display:flex;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-header-search{display:flex;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-header-search{display:flex;}}.ast-social-stack-desktop .ast-builder-social-element,.ast-social-stack-tablet .ast-builder-social-element,.ast-social-stack-mobile .ast-builder-social-element {margin-top: 6px;margin-bottom: 6px;}.social-show-label-true .ast-builder-social-element {width: auto;padding: 0 0.4em;}[data-section^="section-fb-social-icons-"] .footer-social-inner-wrap {text-align: center;}.ast-footer-social-wrap {width: 100%;}.ast-footer-social-wrap .ast-builder-social-element:first-child {margin-left: 0;}.ast-footer-social-wrap .ast-builder-social-element:last-child {margin-right: 0;}.ast-header-social-wrap .ast-builder-social-element:first-child {margin-left: 0;}.ast-header-social-wrap .ast-builder-social-element:last-child {margin-right: 0;}.ast-builder-social-element {line-height: 1;color: #3a3a3a;background: transparent;vertical-align: middle;transition: all 0.01s;margin-left: 6px;margin-right: 6px;justify-content: center;align-items: center;}.ast-builder-social-element {line-height: 1;color: #3a3a3a;background: transparent;vertical-align: middle;transition: all 0.01s;margin-left: 6px;margin-right: 6px;justify-content: center;align-items: center;}.ast-builder-social-element .social-item-label {padding-left: 6px;}.ast-header-social-1-wrap .ast-builder-social-element svg{width:16px;height:16px;}.ast-header-social-1-wrap .ast-social-color-type-custom svg{fill:var(--ast-global-color-5);}.ast-header-social-1-wrap .ast-social-color-type-custom .ast-builder-social-element:hover{color:#3f3a94;}.ast-header-social-1-wrap .ast-social-color-type-custom .ast-builder-social-element:hover svg{fill:#3f3a94;}.ast-header-social-1-wrap .ast-social-color-type-custom .social-item-label{color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}.ast-header-social-1-wrap .ast-builder-social-element:hover .social-item-label{color:#3f3a94;}.ast-builder-layout-element[data-section="section-hb-social-icons-1"]{display:flex;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-builder-layout-element[data-section="section-hb-social-icons-1"]{display:flex;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-builder-layout-element[data-section="section-hb-social-icons-1"]{display:flex;}}.site-below-footer-wrap{padding-top:20px;padding-bottom:20px;}.site-below-footer-wrap[data-section="section-below-footer-builder"]{background-color:#f5f5f5;;background-image:none;;min-height:80px;}.site-below-footer-wrap[data-section="section-below-footer-builder"] .ast-builder-grid-row{max-width:1300px;min-height:80px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}.site-below-footer-wrap[data-section="section-below-footer-builder"] .ast-builder-grid-row,.site-below-footer-wrap[data-section="section-below-footer-builder"] .site-footer-section{align-items:flex-start;}.site-below-footer-wrap[data-section="section-below-footer-builder"].ast-footer-row-inline .site-footer-section{display:flex;margin-bottom:0;}.ast-builder-grid-row-full .ast-builder-grid-row{grid-template-columns:1fr;}@media (max-width:921px){.site-below-footer-wrap[data-section="section-below-footer-builder"].ast-footer-row-tablet-inline .site-footer-section{display:flex;margin-bottom:0;}.site-below-footer-wrap[data-section="section-below-footer-builder"].ast-footer-row-tablet-stack .site-footer-section{display:block;margin-bottom:10px;}.ast-builder-grid-row-container.ast-builder-grid-row-tablet-full .ast-builder-grid-row{grid-template-columns:1fr;}}@media (max-width:544px){.site-below-footer-wrap[data-section="section-below-footer-builder"].ast-footer-row-mobile-inline .site-footer-section{display:flex;margin-bottom:0;}.site-below-footer-wrap[data-section="section-below-footer-builder"].ast-footer-row-mobile-stack .site-footer-section{display:block;margin-bottom:10px;}.ast-builder-grid-row-container.ast-builder-grid-row-mobile-full .ast-builder-grid-row{grid-template-columns:1fr;}}.site-below-footer-wrap[data-section="section-below-footer-builder"]{padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;margin-right:0px;}.site-below-footer-wrap[data-section="section-below-footer-builder"]{display:grid;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-header-break-point .site-below-footer-wrap[data-section="section-below-footer-builder"]{display:grid;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-header-break-point .site-below-footer-wrap[data-section="section-below-footer-builder"]{display:grid;}}.ast-footer-copyright{text-align:center;}.ast-footer-copyright {color:#707070;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;margin-right:0px;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-footer-copyright{text-align:center;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-footer-copyright{text-align:center;}}.ast-footer-copyright {font-size:16px;font-size:1rem;}.ast-footer-copyright.ast-builder-layout-element{display:flex;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-footer-copyright.ast-builder-layout-element{display:flex;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-footer-copyright.ast-builder-layout-element{display:flex;}}.ast-social-stack-desktop .ast-builder-social-element,.ast-social-stack-tablet .ast-builder-social-element,.ast-social-stack-mobile .ast-builder-social-element {margin-top: 6px;margin-bottom: 6px;}.social-show-label-true .ast-builder-social-element {width: auto;padding: 0 0.4em;}[data-section^="section-fb-social-icons-"] .footer-social-inner-wrap {text-align: center;}.ast-footer-social-wrap {width: 100%;}.ast-footer-social-wrap .ast-builder-social-element:first-child {margin-left: 0;}.ast-footer-social-wrap .ast-builder-social-element:last-child {margin-right: 0;}.ast-header-social-wrap .ast-builder-social-element:first-child {margin-left: 0;}.ast-header-social-wrap .ast-builder-social-element:last-child {margin-right: 0;}.ast-builder-social-element {line-height: 1;color: #3a3a3a;background: transparent;vertical-align: middle;transition: all 0.01s;margin-left: 6px;margin-right: 6px;justify-content: center;align-items: center;}.ast-builder-social-element {line-height: 1;color: #3a3a3a;background: transparent;vertical-align: middle;transition: all 0.01s;margin-left: 6px;margin-right: 6px;justify-content: center;align-items: center;}.ast-builder-social-element .social-item-label {padding-left: 6px;}.ast-footer-social-1-wrap .ast-builder-social-element,.ast-footer-social-1-wrap .social-show-label-true .ast-builder-social-element{margin-left:10px;margin-right:10px;}.ast-footer-social-1-wrap .ast-builder-social-element svg{width:22px;height:22px;}.ast-footer-social-1-wrap{margin-bottom:30px;}.ast-footer-social-1-wrap .ast-social-color-type-custom svg{fill:#3f3a94;}.ast-footer-social-1-wrap .ast-social-color-type-custom .ast-builder-social-element:hover{color:#01aaa8;}.ast-footer-social-1-wrap .ast-social-color-type-custom .ast-builder-social-element:hover svg{fill:#01aaa8;}.ast-footer-social-1-wrap .ast-social-color-type-custom .social-item-label{color:#3f3a94;}.ast-footer-social-1-wrap .ast-builder-social-element:hover .social-item-label{color:#01aaa8;}[data-section="section-fb-social-icons-1"] .footer-social-inner-wrap{text-align:center;}@media (max-width:921px){[data-section="section-fb-social-icons-1"] .footer-social-inner-wrap{text-align:center;}}@media (max-width:544px){[data-section="section-fb-social-icons-1"] .footer-social-inner-wrap{text-align:center;}}.ast-builder-layout-element[data-section="section-fb-social-icons-1"]{display:flex;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-builder-layout-element[data-section="section-fb-social-icons-1"]{display:flex;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-builder-layout-element[data-section="section-fb-social-icons-1"]{display:flex;}}.site-above-footer-wrap{padding-top:20px;padding-bottom:20px;}.site-above-footer-wrap[data-section="section-above-footer-builder"]{background-color:#f5f5f5;;background-image:none;;min-height:60px;}.site-above-footer-wrap[data-section="section-above-footer-builder"] .ast-builder-grid-row{max-width:1300px;min-height:60px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}.site-above-footer-wrap[data-section="section-above-footer-builder"] .ast-builder-grid-row,.site-above-footer-wrap[data-section="section-above-footer-builder"] .site-footer-section{align-items:flex-start;}.site-above-footer-wrap[data-section="section-above-footer-builder"].ast-footer-row-inline .site-footer-section{display:flex;margin-bottom:0;}.ast-builder-grid-row-full .ast-builder-grid-row{grid-template-columns:1fr;}@media (max-width:921px){.site-above-footer-wrap[data-section="section-above-footer-builder"].ast-footer-row-tablet-inline .site-footer-section{display:flex;margin-bottom:0;}.site-above-footer-wrap[data-section="section-above-footer-builder"].ast-footer-row-tablet-stack .site-footer-section{display:block;margin-bottom:10px;}.ast-builder-grid-row-container.ast-builder-grid-row-tablet-full .ast-builder-grid-row{grid-template-columns:1fr;}}@media (max-width:544px){.site-above-footer-wrap[data-section="section-above-footer-builder"].ast-footer-row-mobile-inline .site-footer-section{display:flex;margin-bottom:0;}.site-above-footer-wrap[data-section="section-above-footer-builder"].ast-footer-row-mobile-stack .site-footer-section{display:block;margin-bottom:10px;}.ast-builder-grid-row-container.ast-builder-grid-row-mobile-full .ast-builder-grid-row{grid-template-columns:1fr;}}.site-above-footer-wrap[data-section="section-above-footer-builder"]{padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;margin-right:0px;}.site-above-footer-wrap[data-section="section-above-footer-builder"]{display:grid;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-header-break-point .site-above-footer-wrap[data-section="section-above-footer-builder"]{display:grid;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-header-break-point .site-above-footer-wrap[data-section="section-above-footer-builder"]{display:grid;}}.site-footer{background-color:#f5f5f5;;background-image:none;;}.site-primary-footer-wrap{padding-top:45px;padding-bottom:45px;}.site-primary-footer-wrap[data-section="section-primary-footer-builder"]{background-color:#f5f5f5;;background-image:none;;}.site-primary-footer-wrap[data-section="section-primary-footer-builder"] .ast-builder-grid-row{grid-column-gap:0px;max-width:1300px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}.site-primary-footer-wrap[data-section="section-primary-footer-builder"] .ast-builder-grid-row,.site-primary-footer-wrap[data-section="section-primary-footer-builder"] .site-footer-section{align-items:flex-start;}.site-primary-footer-wrap[data-section="section-primary-footer-builder"].ast-footer-row-inline .site-footer-section{display:flex;margin-bottom:0;}.ast-builder-grid-row-full .ast-builder-grid-row{grid-template-columns:1fr;}@media (max-width:921px){.site-primary-footer-wrap[data-section="section-primary-footer-builder"] .ast-builder-grid-row{grid-column-gap:0px;grid-row-gap:0px;}.site-primary-footer-wrap[data-section="section-primary-footer-builder"].ast-footer-row-tablet-inline .site-footer-section{display:flex;margin-bottom:0;}.site-primary-footer-wrap[data-section="section-primary-footer-builder"].ast-footer-row-tablet-stack .site-footer-section{display:block;margin-bottom:10px;}.ast-builder-grid-row-container.ast-builder-grid-row-tablet-full .ast-builder-grid-row{grid-template-columns:1fr;}}@media (max-width:544px){.site-primary-footer-wrap[data-section="section-primary-footer-builder"] .ast-builder-grid-row{grid-column-gap:0px;grid-row-gap:0px;}.site-primary-footer-wrap[data-section="section-primary-footer-builder"].ast-footer-row-mobile-inline .site-footer-section{display:flex;margin-bottom:0;}.site-primary-footer-wrap[data-section="section-primary-footer-builder"].ast-footer-row-mobile-stack .site-footer-section{display:block;margin-bottom:10px;}.ast-builder-grid-row-container.ast-builder-grid-row-mobile-full .ast-builder-grid-row{grid-template-columns:1fr;}}.site-primary-footer-wrap[data-section="section-primary-footer-builder"]{padding-top:30px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;margin-right:0px;}.site-primary-footer-wrap[data-section="section-primary-footer-builder"]{display:grid;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-header-break-point .site-primary-footer-wrap[data-section="section-primary-footer-builder"]{display:grid;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-header-break-point .site-primary-footer-wrap[data-section="section-primary-footer-builder"]{display:grid;}}.footer-widget-area.widget-area.site-footer-focus-item{width:auto;}.elementor-posts-container [CLASS*="ast-width-"]{width:100%;}.elementor-template-full-width .ast-container{display:block;}.elementor-screen-only,.screen-reader-text,.screen-reader-text span,.ui-helper-hidden-accessible{top:0 !important;}@media (max-width:544px){.elementor-element .elementor-wc-products .woocommerce[class*="columns-"] ul.products li.product{width:auto;margin:0;}.elementor-element .woocommerce .woocommerce-result-count{float:none;}}.ast-desktop .ast-mega-menu-enabled .ast-builder-menu-1 div:not( .astra-full-megamenu-wrapper) .sub-menu,.ast-builder-menu-1 .inline-on-mobile .sub-menu,.ast-desktop .ast-builder-menu-1 .astra-full-megamenu-wrapper,.ast-desktop .ast-builder-menu-1 .menu-item .sub-menu{box-shadow:0px 4px 10px -2px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);}.ast-desktop .ast-mega-menu-enabled .ast-builder-menu-2 div:not( .astra-full-megamenu-wrapper) .sub-menu,.ast-builder-menu-2 .inline-on-mobile .sub-menu,.ast-desktop .ast-builder-menu-2 .astra-full-megamenu-wrapper,.ast-desktop .ast-builder-menu-2 .menu-item .sub-menu{box-shadow:0px 4px 10px -2px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);}.ast-desktop .ast-mobile-popup-drawer.active .ast-mobile-popup-inner{max-width:35%;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-mobile-popup-drawer.active .ast-mobile-popup-inner{max-width:90%;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-mobile-popup-drawer.active .ast-mobile-popup-inner{max-width:90%;}}.ast-header-break-point .main-header-bar{border-bottom-width:1px;}@media (min-width:922px){.main-header-bar{border-bottom-width:1px;}}@media (min-width:922px){#primary{width:70%;}#secondary{width:30%;}}.main-header-menu .menu-item,#astra-footer-menu .menu-item,.main-header-bar .ast-masthead-custom-menu-items{-js-display:flex;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-moz-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-moz-box-orient:vertical;-moz-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;}.main-header-menu > .menu-item > .menu-link,#astra-footer-menu > .menu-item > .menu-link{height:100%;-webkit-box-align:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-moz-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-js-display:flex;display:flex;}.ast-header-break-point .main-navigation ul .menu-item .menu-link .icon-arrow:first-of-type svg{top:.2em;margin-top:0px;margin-left:0px;width:.65em;transform:translate(0,-2px) rotateZ(270deg);}.ast-mobile-popup-content .ast-submenu-expanded > .ast-menu-toggle{transform:rotateX(180deg);overflow-y:auto;}@media (min-width:922px){.ast-builder-menu .main-navigation > ul > li:last-child a{margin-right:0;}}.ast-separate-container .ast-article-inner{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);;background-image:none;;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-separate-container .ast-article-inner{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);;background-image:none;;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-separate-container .ast-article-inner{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);;background-image:none;;}}.ast-separate-container .ast-article-single:not(.ast-related-post),.woocommerce.ast-separate-container .ast-woocommerce-container,.ast-separate-container .error-404,.ast-separate-container .no-results,.single.ast-separate-container .site-main .ast-author-meta,.ast-separate-container .related-posts-title-wrapper,.ast-separate-container .comments-count-wrapper,.ast-box-layout.ast-plain-container .site-content,.ast-padded-layout.ast-plain-container .site-content,.ast-separate-container .ast-archive-description,.ast-separate-container .comments-area .comment-respond,.ast-separate-container .comments-area .ast-comment-list li,.ast-separate-container .comments-area .comments-title{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);;background-image:none;;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-separate-container .ast-article-single:not(.ast-related-post),.woocommerce.ast-separate-container .ast-woocommerce-container,.ast-separate-container .error-404,.ast-separate-container .no-results,.single.ast-separate-container .site-main .ast-author-meta,.ast-separate-container .related-posts-title-wrapper,.ast-separate-container .comments-count-wrapper,.ast-box-layout.ast-plain-container .site-content,.ast-padded-layout.ast-plain-container .site-content,.ast-separate-container .ast-archive-description{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);;background-image:none;;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-separate-container .ast-article-single:not(.ast-related-post),.woocommerce.ast-separate-container .ast-woocommerce-container,.ast-separate-container .error-404,.ast-separate-container .no-results,.single.ast-separate-container .site-main .ast-author-meta,.ast-separate-container .related-posts-title-wrapper,.ast-separate-container .comments-count-wrapper,.ast-box-layout.ast-plain-container .site-content,.ast-padded-layout.ast-plain-container .site-content,.ast-separate-container .ast-archive-description{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);;background-image:none;;}}.ast-separate-container.ast-two-container #secondary .widget{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);;background-image:none;;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-separate-container.ast-two-container #secondary .widget{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);;background-image:none;;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-separate-container.ast-two-container #secondary .widget{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);;background-image:none;;}}.ast-plain-container,.ast-page-builder-template{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);;background-image:none;;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-plain-container,.ast-page-builder-template{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);;background-image:none;;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-plain-container,.ast-page-builder-template{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);;background-image:none;;}}.ast-related-post-title,.entry-meta * {word-break: break-word;}.ast-related-post-cta.read-more .ast-related-post-link {text-decoration: none;}.ast-page-builder-template .ast-related-post .entry-header,.ast-related-post-content .entry-header,.ast-related-post-content .entry-meta {margin: 1em auto 1em auto;padding: 0;}.ast-related-posts-wrapper {display: grid;grid-column-gap: 25px;grid-row-gap: 25px;}.ast-related-posts-wrapper .ast-related-post,.ast-related-post-featured-section {padding: 0;margin: 0;width: 100%;position: relative;}.ast-related-posts-inner-section {height: 100%;}.post-has-thumb + .entry-header,.post-has-thumb + .entry-content {margin-top: 1em;}.ast-related-post-content .entry-meta {margin-top: 0.5em;}.ast-related-posts-inner-section .post-thumb-img-content {margin: 0;position: relative;}.ast-single-related-posts-container {border-top: 1px solid var(--ast-single-post-border,var(--ast-border-color));}.ast-separate-container .ast-single-related-posts-container {border-top: 0;}.ast-single-related-posts-container {padding-top: 2em;}.ast-related-posts-title-section {padding-bottom: 2em;}.ast-page-builder-template .ast-single-related-posts-container {margin-top: 0;padding-left: 20px;padding-right: 20px;}@media (max-width: 544px) {.ast-related-posts-title-section {padding-bottom: 1.5em;}}.ast-single-related-posts-container .ast-related-posts-wrapper{grid-template-columns:1fr;}.ast-related-posts-inner-section .ast-date-meta .posted-on,.ast-related-posts-inner-section .ast-date-meta .posted-on *{background:#3f3a94;color:#ffffff;}.ast-related-posts-inner-section .ast-date-meta .posted-on .date-month,.ast-related-posts-inner-section .ast-date-meta .posted-on .date-year{color:#ffffff;}.ast-single-related-posts-container{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);;background-image:none;;}.ast-related-posts-title{color:#3f3a94;font-weight:500;font-size:30px;font-size:1.875rem;line-height:1.6em;}.ast-related-posts-title-section .ast-related-posts-title{text-align:left;}.ast-related-post-content .entry-header .ast-related-post-title,.ast-related-post-content .entry-header .ast-related-post-title a{color:#707070;font-weight:400;font-size:20px;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1em;}.ast-related-post-content .entry-meta,.ast-related-post-content .entry-meta *{font-size:14px;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:1.6em;}.ast-related-post-excerpt{color:#707070;}.ast-related-cat-style--badge .cat-links > a,.ast-related-tag-style--badge .tags-links > a{border-style:solid;border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;padding:4px 8px;border-radius:3px;font-size:inherit;color:#fff;border-color:#3f3a94;background-color:#3f3a94;}.ast-related-cat-style--badge .cat-links > a:hover,.ast-related-tag-style--badge .tags-links > a:hover{color:#fff;background-color:#01aaa8;border-color:#01aaa8;}.ast-related-cat-style--underline .cat-links > a,.ast-related-tag-style--underline .tags-links > a{text-decoration:underline;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-single-related-posts-container .ast-related-posts-wrapper .ast-related-post{width:100%;}.ast-single-related-posts-container .ast-related-posts-wrapper{grid-template-columns:repeat( 2,1fr );}.ast-single-related-posts-container{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);;background-image:none;;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-single-related-posts-container .ast-related-posts-wrapper{grid-template-columns:1fr;}.ast-single-related-posts-container{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);;background-image:none;;}}.site .ast-single-related-posts-container{padding-top:2.5em;padding-bottom:2.5em;padding-left:2.5em;padding-right:2.5em;margin-top:2em;}#ast-scroll-top {display: none;position: fixed;text-align: center;cursor: pointer;z-index: 99;width: 2.1em;height: 2.1em;line-height: 2.1;color: #ffffff;border-radius: 2px;content: "";outline: inherit;}@media (min-width: 769px) {#ast-scroll-top {content: "769";}}#ast-scroll-top .ast-icon.icon-arrow svg {margin-left: 0px;vertical-align: middle;transform: translate(0,-20%) rotate(180deg);width: 1.6em;}.ast-scroll-to-top-right {right: 30px;bottom: 30px;}.ast-scroll-to-top-left {left: 30px;bottom: 30px;}#ast-scroll-top{background-color:#3f3a94;font-size:16px;border-top-left-radius:25px;border-top-right-radius:25px;border-bottom-right-radius:25px;border-bottom-left-radius:25px;}@media (max-width:921px){#ast-scroll-top .ast-icon.icon-arrow svg{width:1em;}}.ast-mobile-header-content > *,.ast-desktop-header-content > * {padding: 10px 0;height: auto;}.ast-mobile-header-content > *:first-child,.ast-desktop-header-content > *:first-child {padding-top: 10px;}.ast-mobile-header-content > .ast-builder-menu,.ast-desktop-header-content > .ast-builder-menu {padding-top: 0;}.ast-mobile-header-content > *:last-child,.ast-desktop-header-content > *:last-child {padding-bottom: 0;}.ast-mobile-header-content .ast-search-menu-icon.ast-inline-search label,.ast-desktop-header-content .ast-search-menu-icon.ast-inline-search label {width: 100%;}.ast-desktop-header-content .main-header-bar-navigation .ast-submenu-expanded > .ast-menu-toggle::before {transform: rotateX(180deg);}#ast-desktop-header .ast-desktop-header-content,.ast-mobile-header-content .ast-search-icon,.ast-desktop-header-content .ast-search-icon,.ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-mobile-header-content,.ast-main-header-nav-open.ast-popup-nav-open .ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-mobile-header-content,.ast-main-header-nav-open.ast-popup-nav-open .ast-desktop-header-content {display: none;}.ast-main-header-nav-open.ast-header-break-point #ast-desktop-header .ast-desktop-header-content,.ast-main-header-nav-open.ast-header-break-point .ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-mobile-header-content {display: block;}.ast-desktop .ast-desktop-header-content .astra-menu-animation-slide-up > .menu-item > .sub-menu,.ast-desktop .ast-desktop-header-content .astra-menu-animation-slide-up > .menu-item .menu-item > .sub-menu,.ast-desktop .ast-desktop-header-content .astra-menu-animation-slide-down > .menu-item > .sub-menu,.ast-desktop .ast-desktop-header-content .astra-menu-animation-slide-down > .menu-item .menu-item > .sub-menu,.ast-desktop .ast-desktop-header-content .astra-menu-animation-fade > .menu-item > .sub-menu,.ast-desktop .ast-desktop-header-content .astra-menu-animation-fade > .menu-item .menu-item > .sub-menu {opacity: 1;visibility: visible;}.ast-hfb-header.ast-default-menu-enable.ast-header-break-point .ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-mobile-header-content .main-header-bar-navigation {width: unset;margin: unset;}.ast-mobile-header-content.content-align-flex-end .main-header-bar-navigation .menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle,.ast-desktop-header-content.content-align-flex-end .main-header-bar-navigation .menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle {left: calc( 20px - 0.907em);right: auto;}.ast-mobile-header-content .ast-search-menu-icon,.ast-mobile-header-content .ast-search-menu-icon.slide-search,.ast-desktop-header-content .ast-search-menu-icon,.ast-desktop-header-content .ast-search-menu-icon.slide-search {width: 100%;position: relative;display: block;right: auto;transform: none;}.ast-mobile-header-content .ast-search-menu-icon.slide-search .search-form,.ast-mobile-header-content .ast-search-menu-icon .search-form,.ast-desktop-header-content .ast-search-menu-icon.slide-search .search-form,.ast-desktop-header-content .ast-search-menu-icon .search-form {right: 0;visibility: visible;opacity: 1;position: relative;top: auto;transform: none;padding: 0;display: block;overflow: hidden;}.ast-mobile-header-content .ast-search-menu-icon.ast-inline-search .search-field,.ast-mobile-header-content .ast-search-menu-icon .search-field,.ast-desktop-header-content .ast-search-menu-icon.ast-inline-search .search-field,.ast-desktop-header-content .ast-search-menu-icon .search-field {width: 100%;padding-right: 5.5em;}.ast-mobile-header-content .ast-search-menu-icon .search-submit,.ast-desktop-header-content .ast-search-menu-icon .search-submit {display: block;position: absolute;height: 100%;top: 0;right: 0;padding: 0 1em;border-radius: 0;}.ast-hfb-header.ast-default-menu-enable.ast-header-break-point .ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-mobile-header-content .main-header-bar-navigation ul .sub-menu .menu-link {padding-left: 30px;}.ast-hfb-header.ast-default-menu-enable.ast-header-break-point .ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-mobile-header-content .main-header-bar-navigation .sub-menu .menu-item .menu-item .menu-link {padding-left: 40px;}.ast-mobile-popup-drawer.active .ast-mobile-popup-inner{background-color:#ffffff;;}.ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-mobile-header-content,.ast-desktop-header-content{background-color:#ffffff;;}.ast-mobile-popup-content > *,.ast-mobile-header-content > *,.ast-desktop-popup-content > *,.ast-desktop-header-content > *{padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;}.content-align-flex-start .ast-builder-layout-element{justify-content:flex-start;}.content-align-flex-start .main-header-menu{text-align:left;}.ast-mobile-popup-drawer.active .menu-toggle-close{color:#3a3a3a;}.ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-primary-header-bar,.ast-primary-header-bar .site-primary-header-wrap{min-height:74px;}.ast-desktop .ast-primary-header-bar .main-header-menu > .menu-item{line-height:74px;}.ast-header-break-point #masthead .ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-primary-header-bar,.ast-header-break-point #masthead .ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-below-header-bar,.ast-header-break-point #masthead .ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-above-header-bar{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px;}.ast-header-break-point .ast-primary-header-bar{border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-color:#eaeaea;border-bottom-style:solid;}@media (min-width:922px){.ast-primary-header-bar{border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-color:#eaeaea;border-bottom-style:solid;}}.ast-primary-header-bar{background-color:#ffffff;;background-image:none;;}.ast-primary-header-bar{display:block;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-primary-header-bar{display:grid;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-primary-header-bar{display:grid;}}[data-section="section-header-mobile-trigger"] .ast-button-wrap .ast-mobile-menu-trigger-minimal{color:#3f3a94;border:none;background:transparent;}[data-section="section-header-mobile-trigger"] .ast-button-wrap .mobile-menu-toggle-icon .ast-mobile-svg{width:20px;height:20px;fill:#3f3a94;}[data-section="section-header-mobile-trigger"] .ast-button-wrap .mobile-menu-wrap .mobile-menu{color:#3f3a94;}.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .main-header-menu .menu-item > .menu-link{color:var(--ast-global-color-3);}.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .main-header-menu .menu-item > .ast-menu-toggle{color:var(--ast-global-color-3);}.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item:hover > .menu-link,.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .inline-on-mobile .menu-item:hover > .ast-menu-toggle{color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item:hover > .ast-menu-toggle{color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item.current-menu-item > .menu-link,.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .inline-on-mobile .menu-item.current-menu-item > .ast-menu-toggle,.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item.current-menu-ancestor > .menu-link,.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item.current-menu-ancestor > .ast-menu-toggle{color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item.current-menu-item > .ast-menu-toggle{color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item.menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle{top:0;}.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item-has-children > .menu-link:after{content:unset;}.ast-hfb-header .ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-header-menu,.ast-hfb-header .ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item .menu-link,.ast-hfb-header .ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item .sub-menu .menu-link{border-style:none;}.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item.menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle{top:0;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .main-header-menu .menu-item > .menu-link{color:#3f3a94;}.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item > .ast-menu-toggle{color:#3f3a94;}.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item:hover > .menu-link,.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .inline-on-mobile .menu-item:hover > .ast-menu-toggle{color:#01aaa8;background:var(--ast-global-color-4);}.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item:hover > .ast-menu-toggle{color:#01aaa8;}.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item.current-menu-item > .menu-link,.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .inline-on-mobile .menu-item.current-menu-item > .ast-menu-toggle,.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item.current-menu-ancestor > .menu-link,.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item.current-menu-ancestor > .ast-menu-toggle{color:#01aaa8;background:var(--ast-global-color-4);}.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item.current-menu-item > .ast-menu-toggle{color:#01aaa8;}.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item.menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle{top:0;}.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item-has-children > .menu-link:after{content:unset;}.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .main-header-menu,.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .main-header-menu .sub-menu{background-color:#f9fafb;;background-image:none;;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item.menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle{top:0;}}.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation{display:block;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation{display:block;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation{display:block;}}.ast-above-header .main-header-bar-navigation{height:100%;}.ast-header-break-point .ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-above-header-wrap .main-header-bar-navigation .inline-on-mobile .menu-item .menu-link{border:none;}.ast-header-break-point .ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-above-header-wrap .main-header-bar-navigation .inline-on-mobile .menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle::before{font-size:.6rem;}.ast-header-break-point .ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-above-header-wrap .main-header-bar-navigation .ast-submenu-expanded > .ast-menu-toggle::before{transform:rotateX(180deg);}.ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-above-header-bar ,.ast-above-header-bar .site-above-header-wrap{min-height:31px;}.ast-desktop .ast-above-header-bar .main-header-menu > .menu-item{line-height:31px;}.ast-desktop .ast-above-header-bar .ast-header-woo-cart,.ast-desktop .ast-above-header-bar .ast-header-edd-cart{line-height:31px;}.ast-above-header-bar{border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-color:#eaeaea;border-bottom-style:solid;}.ast-above-header.ast-above-header-bar{background-color:#01aaa8;;background-image:none;;}.ast-header-break-point .ast-above-header-bar{background-color:#01aaa8;}@media (max-width:921px){#masthead .ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-above-header-bar{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px;}}.ast-above-header-bar{display:block;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-above-header-bar{display:grid;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-above-header-bar{display:grid;}}.footer-nav-wrap .astra-footer-vertical-menu {display: grid;}@media (min-width: 769px) {.footer-nav-wrap .astra-footer-horizontal-menu li {margin: 0;}.footer-nav-wrap .astra-footer-horizontal-menu a {padding: 0 0.5em;}}@media (min-width: 769px) {.footer-nav-wrap .astra-footer-horizontal-menu li:first-child a {padding-left: 0;}.footer-nav-wrap .astra-footer-horizontal-menu li:last-child a {padding-right: 0;}}.footer-widget-area[data-section="section-footer-menu"] .astra-footer-horizontal-menu{justify-content:center;}.footer-widget-area[data-section="section-footer-menu"] .astra-footer-vertical-menu .menu-item{align-items:center;}#astra-footer-menu .menu-item > a{font-size:12px;font-size:0.75rem;}#astra-footer-menu{margin-top:20px;margin-bottom:20px;margin-left:20px;margin-right:20px;}@media (max-width:921px){.footer-widget-area[data-section="section-footer-menu"] .astra-footer-tablet-horizontal-menu{justify-content:center;display:flex;}.footer-widget-area[data-section="section-footer-menu"] .astra-footer-tablet-vertical-menu{display:grid;justify-content:center;}.footer-widget-area[data-section="section-footer-menu"] .astra-footer-tablet-vertical-menu .menu-item{align-items:center;}#astra-footer-menu .menu-item > a{padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px;}}@media (max-width:544px){.footer-widget-area[data-section="section-footer-menu"] .astra-footer-mobile-horizontal-menu{justify-content:center;display:flex;}.footer-widget-area[data-section="section-footer-menu"] .astra-footer-mobile-vertical-menu{display:grid;justify-content:center;}.footer-widget-area[data-section="section-footer-menu"] .astra-footer-mobile-vertical-menu .menu-item{align-items:center;}}.footer-widget-area[data-section="section-footer-menu"]{display:block;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-header-break-point .footer-widget-area[data-section="section-footer-menu"]{display:block;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-header-break-point .footer-widget-area[data-section="section-footer-menu"]{display:block;}}:root{--e-global-color-astglobalcolor0:#046bd2;--e-global-color-astglobalcolor1:#045cb4;--e-global-color-astglobalcolor2:#1e293b;--e-global-color-astglobalcolor3:#334155;--e-global-color-astglobalcolor4:#f9fafb;--e-global-color-astglobalcolor5:#FFFFFF;--e-global-color-astglobalcolor6:#e2e8f0;--e-global-color-astglobalcolor7:#cbd5e1;--e-global-color-astglobalcolor8:#94a3b8;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='astra-google-fonts-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Poppins%3A400%2C%2C500&display=fallback&ver=4.7.1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://bio.news/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.6.1' media='all' /> <style id='global-styles-inline-css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-0: var(--ast-global-color-0);--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-1: var(--ast-global-color-1);--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-2: var(--ast-global-color-2);--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-3: var(--ast-global-color-3);--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-4: var(--ast-global-color-4);--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-5: var(--ast-global-color-5);--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-6: var(--ast-global-color-6);--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-7: var(--ast-global-color-7);--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-8: var(--ast-global-color-8);--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:root { --wp--style--global--content-size: var(--wp--custom--ast-content-width-size);--wp--style--global--wide-size: var(--wp--custom--ast-wide-width-size); }:where(body) { margin: 0; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignleft { float: left; margin-right: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignright { float: right; margin-left: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .aligncenter { justify-content: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }:where(.wp-site-blocks) > * { margin-block-start: 24px; margin-block-end: 0; }:where(.wp-site-blocks) > :first-child { margin-block-start: 0; }:where(.wp-site-blocks) > :last-child { margin-block-end: 0; }:root { --wp--style--block-gap: 24px; }.is-layout-flow > :first-child{margin-block-start: 0;}.is-layout-flow > :last-child{margin-block-end: 0;}.is-layout-flow > *{margin-block-start: 24px;margin-block-end: 0;}.is-layout-constrained > :first-child{margin-block-start: 0;}.is-layout-constrained > :last-child{margin-block-end: 0;}.is-layout-constrained > *{margin-block-start: 24px;margin-block-end: 0;}.is-layout-flex {gap: 24px;}.is-layout-grid {gap: 24px;}.is-layout-flow > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-flow > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-flow > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-constrained > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.alignfull)){max-width: var(--wp--style--global--content-size);margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignwide{max-width: var(--wp--style--global--wide-size);}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:root :where(body){padding-top: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;}a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){text-decoration: none;}:root :where(.wp-element-button, .wp-block-button__link){background-color: #32373c;border-width: 0;color: #fff;font-family: inherit;font-size: inherit;line-height: inherit;padding: calc(0.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);text-decoration: none;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-0-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-0) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-1-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-1) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-2-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-2) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-3-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-3) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-4-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-4) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-5-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-5) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-6-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-6) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-7-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-7) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-8-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-8) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-0-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-0) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-1-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-1) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-2-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-2) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-3-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-3) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-4-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-4) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-5-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-5) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-6-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-6) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-7-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-7) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-8-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-8) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-0-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-0) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-1-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-1) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-2-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-2) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-3-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-3) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-4-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-4) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-5-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-5) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-6-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-6) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-7-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-7) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-8-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-8) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='astra-addon-css-css' href='https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/astra-addon/astra-addon-66c5a7fd7ae063-74671521.css?ver=4.8.0' media='all' /> <style id='astra-addon-css-inline-css'> #content:before{content:"921";position:absolute;overflow:hidden;opacity:0;visibility:hidden;}.blog-layout-2{position:relative;}.single .ast-author-details .author-title{color:#3f3a94;}.single.ast-page-builder-template .ast-single-author-box{padding:2em 20px;}.single.ast-separate-container .ast-author-meta{padding:3em;}@media (max-width:921px){.single.ast-separate-container .ast-author-meta{padding:1.5em 2.14em;}.single .ast-author-meta .post-author-avatar{margin-bottom:1em;}.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-2 .ast-article-post,.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-3 .ast-article-post,.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-4 .ast-article-post{width:100%;}.blog-layout-1 .post-content,.blog-layout-1 .ast-blog-featured-section{float:none;}.ast-separate-container .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section:first-child .square .posted-on{margin-top:0;}.ast-separate-container .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section:first-child .circle .posted-on{margin-top:1em;}.ast-separate-container .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section:first-child .post-thumb-img-content{margin-top:-1.5em;}.ast-separate-container .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding .blog-layout-1 .post-thumb-img-content{margin-left:-2.14em;margin-right:-2.14em;}.ast-separate-container .ast-article-single.remove-featured-img-padding .single-layout-1 .entry-header .post-thumb-img-content:first-child{margin-top:-1.5em;}.ast-separate-container .ast-article-single.remove-featured-img-padding .single-layout-1 .post-thumb-img-content{margin-left:-2.14em;margin-right:-2.14em;}.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-2 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section .square .posted-on,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-3 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section .square .posted-on,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-4 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section .square .posted-on{margin-left:-1.5em;margin-right:-1.5em;}.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-2 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section .circle .posted-on,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-3 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section .circle .posted-on,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-4 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section .circle .posted-on{margin-left:-0.5em;margin-right:-0.5em;}.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-2 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section:first-child .square .posted-on,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-3 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section:first-child .square .posted-on,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-4 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section:first-child .square .posted-on{margin-top:0;}.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-2 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section:first-child .circle .posted-on,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-3 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section:first-child .circle .posted-on,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-4 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section:first-child .circle .posted-on{margin-top:1em;}.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-2 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section:first-child .post-thumb-img-content,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-3 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section:first-child .post-thumb-img-content,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-4 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section:first-child .post-thumb-img-content{margin-top:-1.5em;}.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-2 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding .blog-layout-1 .post-thumb-img-content,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-3 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding .blog-layout-1 .post-thumb-img-content,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-4 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding .blog-layout-1 .post-thumb-img-content{margin-left:-1.5em;margin-right:-1.5em;}.blog-layout-2{display:flex;flex-direction:column-reverse;}.ast-separate-container .blog-layout-3,.ast-separate-container .blog-layout-1{display:block;}.ast-plain-container .ast-grid-2 .ast-article-post,.ast-plain-container .ast-grid-3 .ast-article-post,.ast-plain-container .ast-grid-4 .ast-article-post,.ast-page-builder-template .ast-grid-2 .ast-article-post,.ast-page-builder-template .ast-grid-3 .ast-article-post,.ast-page-builder-template .ast-grid-4 .ast-article-post{width:100%;}}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-separate-container .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section .square .posted-on{margin-top:0;margin-left:-2.14em;}.ast-separate-container .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section .circle .posted-on{margin-top:0;margin-left:-1.14em;}}@media (min-width:922px){.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-2 .ast-archive-description,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-3 .ast-archive-description,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-4 .ast-archive-description{margin-bottom:1.33333em;}.blog-layout-2.ast-no-thumb .post-content,.blog-layout-3.ast-no-thumb .post-content{width:calc(100% - 5.714285714em);}.blog-layout-2.ast-no-thumb.ast-no-date-box .post-content,.blog-layout-3.ast-no-thumb.ast-no-date-box .post-content{width:100%;}.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-2 .ast-article-post.ast-separate-posts,.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-3 .ast-article-post.ast-separate-posts,.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-4 .ast-article-post.ast-separate-posts{border-bottom:0;}.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-2 > .site-main > .ast-row:before,.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-2 > .site-main > .ast-row:after,.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-3 > .site-main > .ast-row:before,.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-3 > .site-main > .ast-row:after,.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-4 > .site-main > .ast-row:before,.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-4 > .site-main > .ast-row:after{flex-basis:0;width:0;}.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-2 .ast-article-post,.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-3 .ast-article-post,.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-4 .ast-article-post{display:flex;padding:0;}.ast-plain-container .ast-grid-2 > .site-main > .ast-row,.ast-plain-container .ast-grid-3 > .site-main > .ast-row,.ast-plain-container .ast-grid-4 > .site-main > .ast-row,.ast-page-builder-template .ast-grid-2 > .site-main > .ast-row,.ast-page-builder-template .ast-grid-3 > .site-main > .ast-row,.ast-page-builder-template .ast-grid-4 > .site-main > .ast-row{margin-left:-1em;margin-right:-1em;display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:stretch;}.ast-plain-container .ast-grid-2 > .site-main > .ast-row:before,.ast-plain-container .ast-grid-2 > .site-main > .ast-row:after,.ast-plain-container .ast-grid-3 > .site-main > .ast-row:before,.ast-plain-container .ast-grid-3 > .site-main > .ast-row:after,.ast-plain-container .ast-grid-4 > .site-main > .ast-row:before,.ast-plain-container .ast-grid-4 > .site-main > .ast-row:after,.ast-page-builder-template .ast-grid-2 > .site-main > .ast-row:before,.ast-page-builder-template .ast-grid-2 > .site-main > .ast-row:after,.ast-page-builder-template .ast-grid-3 > .site-main > .ast-row:before,.ast-page-builder-template .ast-grid-3 > .site-main > .ast-row:after,.ast-page-builder-template .ast-grid-4 > .site-main > .ast-row:before,.ast-page-builder-template .ast-grid-4 > .site-main > .ast-row:after{flex-basis:0;width:0;}.ast-plain-container .ast-grid-2 .ast-article-post,.ast-plain-container .ast-grid-3 .ast-article-post,.ast-plain-container .ast-grid-4 .ast-article-post,.ast-page-builder-template .ast-grid-2 .ast-article-post,.ast-page-builder-template .ast-grid-3 .ast-article-post,.ast-page-builder-template .ast-grid-4 .ast-article-post{display:flex;}.ast-plain-container .ast-grid-2 .ast-article-post:last-child,.ast-plain-container .ast-grid-3 .ast-article-post:last-child,.ast-plain-container .ast-grid-4 .ast-article-post:last-child,.ast-page-builder-template .ast-grid-2 .ast-article-post:last-child,.ast-page-builder-template .ast-grid-3 .ast-article-post:last-child,.ast-page-builder-template .ast-grid-4 .ast-article-post:last-child{margin-bottom:2.5em;}.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-2 > .site-main > .ast-row,.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-3 > .site-main > .ast-row,.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-4 > .site-main > .ast-row{margin-left:-1em;margin-right:-1em;display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:stretch;}.single .ast-author-meta .ast-author-details{display:flex;align-items:center;}.post-author-bio .author-title{margin-bottom:10px;}}@media (min-width:922px){.single .post-author-avatar,.single .post-author-bio{float:left;clear:right;}.single .ast-author-meta .post-author-avatar{margin-right:1.33333em;}.single .ast-author-meta .about-author-title-wrapper,.single .ast-author-meta .post-author-bio{text-align:left;}.blog-layout-2 .post-content{padding-right:2em;}.blog-layout-2.ast-no-date-box.ast-no-thumb .post-content{padding-right:0;}.blog-layout-3 .post-content{padding-left:2em;}.blog-layout-3.ast-no-date-box.ast-no-thumb .post-content{padding-left:0;}.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-2 .ast-article-post.ast-separate-posts:nth-child(2n+0),.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-2 .ast-article-post.ast-separate-posts:nth-child(2n+1),.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-3 .ast-article-post.ast-separate-posts:nth-child(2n+0),.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-3 .ast-article-post.ast-separate-posts:nth-child(2n+1),.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-4 .ast-article-post.ast-separate-posts:nth-child(2n+0),.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-4 .ast-article-post.ast-separate-posts:nth-child(2n+1){padding:0 1em 0;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-separate-container .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section:first-child .circle .posted-on{margin-top:0.5em;}.ast-separate-container .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding .blog-layout-1 .post-thumb-img-content,.ast-separate-container .ast-article-single.remove-featured-img-padding .single-layout-1 .post-thumb-img-content,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-2 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section .square .posted-on,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-3 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section .square .posted-on,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-4 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section .square .posted-on{margin-left:-1em;margin-right:-1em;}.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-2 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section .circle .posted-on,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-3 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section .circle .posted-on,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-4 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section .circle .posted-on{margin-left:-0.5em;margin-right:-0.5em;}.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-2 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section:first-child .circle .posted-on,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-3 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section:first-child .circle .posted-on,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-4 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section:first-child .circle .posted-on{margin-top:0.5em;}.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-2 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section:first-child .post-thumb-img-content,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-3 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section:first-child .post-thumb-img-content,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-4 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section:first-child .post-thumb-img-content{margin-top:-1.33333em;}.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-2 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding .blog-layout-1 .post-thumb-img-content,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-3 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding .blog-layout-1 .post-thumb-img-content,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-4 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding .blog-layout-1 .post-thumb-img-content{margin-left:-1em;margin-right:-1em;}.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-2 .ast-article-post .blog-layout-1,.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-2 .ast-article-post .blog-layout-2,.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-2 .ast-article-post .blog-layout-3{padding:1.33333em 1em;}.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-3 .ast-article-post .blog-layout-1,.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-4 .ast-article-post .blog-layout-1{padding:1.33333em 1em;}.single.ast-separate-container .ast-author-meta{padding:1.5em 1em;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-separate-container .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section .square .posted-on{margin-left:-1em;}.ast-separate-container .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section .circle .posted-on{margin-left:-0.5em;}}@media (min-width:922px){.ast-hide-display-device-desktop{display:none;}[class^="astra-advanced-hook-"] .wp-block-query .wp-block-post-template .wp-block-post{width:100%;}}@media (min-width:545px) and (max-width:921px){.ast-hide-display-device-tablet{display:none;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-hide-display-device-mobile{display:none;}}.ast-post-social-sharing .ast-social-sharing-heading {margin-bottom: .5em;}.ast-post-social-sharing .ast-social-inner-wrap,.ast-author-box-sharing .ast-social-inner-wrap {width: fit-content;}.ast-post-social-sharing .ast-social-element > .ahfb-svg-iconset,.ast-author-box-sharing .ast-social-element > .ahfb-svg-iconset {display: flex;}.ast-post-social-sharing .ast-social-element,.ast-author-box-sharing .ast-social-element {display: inline-block;vertical-align: middle;}.ast-post-social-sharing .social-item-label {display: block;color: var(--ast-global-color-3);}.single article .ast-single-author-box,.single.ast-narrow-container article .ast-single-author-box,.single.ast-plain-container article .ast-single-author-box,.single.ast-separate-container article .ast-single-author-box {margin-top: 2em;border-top: 1px solid var(--ast-single-post-border,var(--ast-border-color));}.single.ast-separate-container article .ast-author-meta {padding: 0;}.ast-author-details .ast-author-box-sharing {align-items: flex-start;margin-top: 20px;}.ast-single-author-box.ast-author-container--center .ast-author-meta,.single.ast-separate-container article .ast-author-meta {padding: 2em;}.ast-single-author-box.ast-author-container--center .ast-author-meta * {text-align: center;}.ast-single-author-box.ast-author-container--center .ast-author-meta .ast-author-details {display: block;}.ast-single-author-box.ast-author-container--center .post-author-avatar,.ast-single-author-box.ast-author-container--center .post-author-bio {float: unset;}.ast-single-author-box.ast-author-container--center .post-author-avatar {margin: 0 0 1em;}.ast-single-author-box.ast-author-container--center .ast-author-details .ast-author-box-sharing {align-items: center;}.ast-author-box-sharing a.ast-social-icon-a:first-child {margin-left: 0;}.ast-author-box-sharing a.ast-social-icon-a:last-child {margin-right: 0;}.single.ast-separate-container .ast-single-author-box {border-top: 0;}.single.ast-plain-container .ast-single-author-box,.single.ast-page-builder-template .ast-single-author-box,.single.ast-narrow-container .ast-single-author-box {padding-top: 2em;}.single.ast-plain-container .ast-single-author-box,.single.ast-narrow-container .ast-single-author-box {margin-top: 0;}.ast-article-post .ast-date-meta .posted-on,.ast-article-post .ast-date-meta .posted-on *{background:#3f3a94;color:#ffffff;}.ast-article-post .ast-date-meta .posted-on .date-month,.ast-article-post .ast-date-meta .posted-on .date-year{color:#ffffff;}.ast-load-more:hover{color:#ffffff;border-color:#3f3a94;background-color:#3f3a94;}.ast-loader > div{background-color:#3f3a94;}.ast-page-builder-template .ast-archive-description{margin-bottom:2em;}.ast-post-social-sharing .ast-social-inner-wrap .ast-social-icon-a:first-child,.ast-author-box-sharing .ast-social-inner-wrap .ast-social-icon-a:first-child{margin-left:0;}.ast-post-social-sharing .ast-social-inner-wrap .ast-social-icon-a:last-child,.ast-author-box-sharing .ast-social-inner-wrap .ast-social-icon-a:last-child{margin-right:0;}.ast-post-social-sharing{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;}.ast-author-box-sharing{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;}.ast-post-social-sharing .ast-social-inner-wrap,.ast-author-box-sharing .ast-social-inner-wrap{margin-top:35px;margin-bottom:10px;margin-left:0px;padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;width:auto;}.ast-post-social-sharing a.ast-social-icon-a,.ast-author-box-sharing a.ast-social-icon-a{justify-content:center;line-height:normal;display:inline-flex;text-align:center;text-decoration:none;}.ast-post-social-sharing a.ast-social-icon-a{display:inline-block;margin-left:2px;margin-right:2px;}.ast-author-box-sharing a.ast-social-icon-a{display:inline-block;margin-left:2px;margin-right:2px;}.ast-post-social-sharing .social-item-label,.ast-author-box-sharing .social-item-label{font-size:12px;font-size:0.75rem;font-weight:500;width:100%;text-align:center;color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}.ast-post-social-sharing .ast-social-element,.ast-author-box-sharing .ast-social-element{padding:0px;border-radius:0px;}.ast-post-social-sharing .ast-social-element svg,.ast-author-box-sharing .ast-social-element svg{width:12px;height:12px;}.ast-post-social-sharing .ast-social-icon-image-wrap,.ast-author-box-sharing .ast-social-icon-image-wrap{margin:0px;}.ast-post-social-sharing .ast-social-color-type-custom svg,.ast-author-box-sharing .ast-social-color-type-custom svg{fill:#ffffff;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-post-social-sharing .ast-social-element svg,.ast-author-box-sharing .ast-social-element svg{width:30px;height:30px;}.ast-post-social-sharing .ast-social-inner-wrap .ast-social-icon-a,.ast-author-box-sharing .ast-social-inner-wrap .ast-social-icon-a{margin-left:10px;margin-right:10px;}.ast-post-social-sharing .ast-social-element,.ast-author-box-sharing .ast-social-element{padding:0px;}.ast-post-social-sharing .ast-social-icon-image-wrap,.ast-author-box-sharing .ast-social-icon-image-wrap{margin:0px;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-post-social-sharing .ast-social-element svg,.ast-author-box-sharing .ast-social-element svg{width:30px;height:30px;}.ast-post-social-sharing .ast-social-inner-wrap .ast-social-icon-a,.ast-author-box-sharing .ast-social-inner-wrap .ast-social-icon-a{margin-left:10px;margin-right:10px;}.ast-post-social-sharing .ast-social-element,.ast-author-box-sharing .ast-social-element{padding:0px;}.ast-post-social-sharing .ast-social-icon-image-wrap,.ast-author-box-sharing .ast-social-icon-image-wrap{margin:0px;}}.ast-header-search .ast-search-menu-icon .search-field{border-radius:2px;}.ast-header-search .ast-search-menu-icon .search-submit{border-radius:2px;}.ast-header-search .ast-search-menu-icon .search-form{border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-color:#ddd;border-radius:2px;}.ast-search-box.header-cover #close,.ast-search-box.full-screen #close,.ast-search-box.full-screen .ast-search-wrapper .large-search-text,.ast-search-box.header-cover .search-submit,.ast-search-box.header-cover .search-field,.ast-search-box.full-screen .search-field,.ast-search-box.header-cover .search-field::-webkit-input-placeholder,.ast-search-box.full-screen .search-field::-webkit-input-placeholder,.full-screen .ast-live-search-results *,.ast-search-box.full-screen .ast-search--posttype-heading{color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}.ast-search-box.full-screen .ast-search-wrapper fieldset{border-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}@media (min-width:922px){.ast-container{max-width:1340px;}}@media (min-width:993px){.ast-container{max-width:1340px;}}@media (min-width:1201px){.ast-container{max-width:1340px;}}.ast-separate-container .primary:not(.ast-grid-1) .ast-article-inner,.ast-narrow-container .primary:not(.ast-grid-1) .ast-article-inner{padding-top:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:0px;}.ast-separate-container .comments-title,.ast-narrow-container .comments-title{padding-bottom:0;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-separate-container .ast-article-post,.ast-separate-container .ast-article-single,.ast-separate-container .ast-comment-list li.depth-1,.ast-separate-container .comment-respond .ast-separate-container .ast-related-posts-wrap,.ast-separate-container .ast-woocommerce-container,.single.ast-separate-container .ast-author-details{padding-top:1.5em;padding-bottom:1.5em;}.ast-separate-container .ast-article-post,.ast-separate-container .ast-article-single,.ast-separate-container .comments-count-wrapper,.ast-separate-container .ast-comment-list li.depth-1,.ast-separate-container .comment-respond,.ast-separate-container .related-posts-title-wrapper,.ast-separate-container .related-posts-title-wrapper .single.ast-separate-container .about-author-title-wrapper,.ast-separate-container .ast-related-posts-wrap,.ast-separate-container .ast-woocommerce-container,.single.ast-separate-container .ast-author-details,.ast-separate-container .ast-single-related-posts-container{padding-right:2.14em;padding-left:2.14em;}.ast-narrow-container .ast-article-post,.ast-narrow-container .ast-article-single,.ast-narrow-container .ast-comment-list li.depth-1,.ast-narrow-container .comment-respond,.ast-narrow-container .ast-related-posts-wrap,.ast-narrow-container .ast-woocommerce-container,.ast-narrow-container .ast-single-related-posts-container,.single.ast-narrow-container .ast-author-details{padding-top:1.5em;padding-bottom:1.5em;}.ast-narrow-container .ast-article-post,.ast-narrow-container .ast-article-single,.ast-narrow-container .comments-count-wrapper,.ast-narrow-container .ast-comment-list li.depth-1,.ast-narrow-container .comment-respond,.ast-narrow-container .related-posts-title-wrapper,.ast-narrow-container .related-posts-title-wrapper,.single.ast-narrow-container .about-author-title-wrapper,.ast-narrow-container .ast-related-posts-wrap,.ast-narrow-container .ast-woocommerce-container,.ast-narrow-container .ast-single-related-posts-container,.single.ast-narrow-container .ast-author-details{padding-right:2.14em;padding-left:2.14em;}.ast-separate-container.ast-right-sidebar #primary,.ast-separate-container.ast-left-sidebar #primary,.ast-separate-container #primary,.ast-plain-container #primary,.ast-narrow-container #primary{margin-top:1.5em;margin-bottom:1.5em;}.ast-left-sidebar #primary,.ast-right-sidebar #primary,.ast-separate-container.ast-right-sidebar #primary,.ast-separate-container.ast-left-sidebar #primary,.ast-separate-container #primary,.ast-narrow-container #primary{padding-left:0em;padding-right:0em;}.ast-no-sidebar.ast-separate-container .entry-content .alignfull,.ast-no-sidebar.ast-narrow-container .entry-content .alignfull{margin-right:-2.14em;margin-left:-2.14em;}.ast-separate-container .comments-title,.ast-narrow-container .comments-title{padding-bottom:0;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-separate-container .ast-article-post,.ast-separate-container .ast-article-single,.ast-separate-container .ast-comment-list li.depth-1,.ast-separate-container .comment-respond,.ast-separate-container .ast-related-posts-wrap,.ast-separate-container .ast-woocommerce-container,.single.ast-separate-container .ast-author-details{padding-top:1.5em;padding-bottom:1.5em;}.ast-narrow-container .ast-article-post,.ast-narrow-container .ast-article-single,.ast-narrow-container .ast-comment-list li.depth-1,.ast-narrow-container .comment-respond,.ast-narrow-container .ast-related-posts-wrap,.ast-narrow-container .ast-woocommerce-container,.ast-narrow-container .ast-single-related-posts-container,.single.ast-narrow-container .ast-author-details{padding-top:1.5em;padding-bottom:1.5em;}.ast-separate-container .ast-article-post,.ast-separate-container .ast-article-single,.ast-separate-container .comments-count-wrapper,.ast-separate-container .ast-comment-list li.depth-1,.ast-separate-container .comment-respond,.ast-separate-container .related-posts-title-wrapper,.ast-separate-container .related-posts-title-wrapper,.single.ast-separate-container .about-author-title-wrapper,.ast-separate-container .ast-related-posts-wrap,.ast-separate-container .ast-woocommerce-container,.single.ast-separate-container .ast-author-details{padding-right:1em;padding-left:1em;}.ast-narrow-container .ast-article-post,.ast-narrow-container .ast-article-single,.ast-narrow-container .comments-count-wrapper,.ast-narrow-container .ast-comment-list li.depth-1,.ast-narrow-container .comment-respond,.ast-narrow-container .related-posts-title-wrapper,.ast-narrow-container .related-posts-title-wrapper,.single.ast-narrow-container .about-author-title-wrapper,.ast-narrow-container .ast-related-posts-wrap,.ast-narrow-container .ast-woocommerce-container,.ast-narrow-container .ast-single-related-posts-container,.single.ast-narrow-container .ast-author-details{padding-right:1em;padding-left:1em;}.ast-no-sidebar.ast-separate-container .entry-content .alignfull,.ast-no-sidebar.ast-narrow-container .entry-content .alignfull{margin-right:-1em;margin-left:-1em;}.ast-separate-container .comments-title,.ast-narrow-container .comments-title{padding-bottom:0;}}.ast-header-break-point .main-header-bar .main-header-bar-navigation .menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle{top:0px;right:calc( 20px - 0.907em );}.ast-flyout-menu-enable.ast-header-break-point .main-header-bar .main-header-bar-navigation .main-header-menu > .menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle{right:calc( 20px - 0.907em );}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-header-break-point .header-main-layout-2 .site-branding,.ast-header-break-point .ast-mobile-header-stack .ast-mobile-menu-buttons{padding-bottom:0px;}}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-separate-container.ast-two-container #secondary .widget,.ast-separate-container #secondary .widget{margin-bottom:1.5em;}}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-separate-container #primary,.ast-narrow-container #primary{padding-top:0px;}}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-separate-container #primary,.ast-narrow-container #primary{padding-bottom:0px;}}.site-header .ast-sticky-shrunk .ast-site-identity,.ast-sticky-shrunk .main-header-menu > .menu-item > .menu-link,.ast-sticky-shrunk li.ast-masthead-custom-menu-items{padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;} .ast-header-break-point .ast-sticky-shrunk.main-navigation .sub-menu .menu-item .menu-link{padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;}.ast-sticky-shrunk .main-header-menu .sub-menu .menu-link{padding-top:0.9em;padding-bottom:0.9em;}.site-header .ast-sticky-shrunk .ast-site-identity,.ast-sticky-shrunk li.ast-masthead-custom-menu-items{padding-top:0.5em;padding-bottom:0.5em;}.ast-sticky-header-shrink .ast-primary-header-bar.ast-header-sticked,.ast-sticky-header-shrink .ast-primary-header-bar.ast-header-sticked .site-primary-header-wrap,.ast-header-sticked .ast-primary-header-bar .site-primary-header-wrap,.ast-sticky-header-shrink .ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-primary-header-bar.ast-header-sticked,.ast-sticky-header-shrink .ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-stick-primary-below-wrapper.ast-header-sticked .ast-below-header ,.ast-sticky-header-shrink .ast-stick-primary-below-wrapper.ast-header-sticked .ast-primary-header-bar .site-primary-header-wrap{min-height:64px;}.ast-desktop.ast-sticky-header-shrink .ast-primary-header-bar.ast-header-sticked .main-header-menu > .menu-item{line-height:64px;}.ast-sticky-header-shrink .ast-above-header-bar.ast-header-sticked .site-above-header-wrap,.ast-sticky-header-shrink .ast-above-header-bar.ast-header-sticked .site-above-header-wrap,.ast-header-sticked .ast-above-header-bar .site-above-header-wrap,.ast-header-sticked .ast-above-header-bar,.ast-sticky-header-shrink .ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-above-header-bar.ast-header-sticked{min-height:21px;}.ast-desktop.ast-sticky-header-shrink .ast-above-header-bar.ast-header-sticked .main-header-menu > .menu-item{line-height:21px;}.ast-sticky-header-shrink .ast-below-header-bar.ast-header-sticked,.ast-sticky-header-shrink .ast-below-header-bar.ast-header-sticked .site-below-header-wrap,.ast-sticky-header-shrink .ast-below-header-bar.ast-header-sticked.site-below-header-wrap,.ast-header-sticked .ast-below-header-bar .site-below-header-wrap,.ast-sticky-header-shrink .ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-below-header-bar.ast-header-sticked .site-below-header-wrap{min-height:50px;}.ast-desktop.ast-sticky-header-shrink .ast-below-header-bar.ast-header-sticked .main-header-menu > .menu-item{line-height:50px;}.ast-builder-menu-1 .main-header-menu.submenu-with-border .astra-megamenu,.ast-builder-menu-1 .main-header-menu.submenu-with-border .astra-full-megamenu-wrapper{border-top-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;border-style:solid;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-builder-menu-1 .main-header-menu .sub-menu > .menu-item > .menu-link{padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:30px;padding-right:20px;}.ast-header-break-point .ast-builder-menu-1 .sub-menu .menu-item.menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle{top:0px;right:calc( 20px - 0.907em );}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-builder-menu-1 .sub-menu .menu-item.menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle{top:0px;}}.ast-builder-menu-2 .main-header-menu.submenu-with-border .astra-megamenu,.ast-builder-menu-2 .main-header-menu.submenu-with-border .astra-full-megamenu-wrapper{border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;border-style:solid;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-builder-menu-2 .main-header-menu .sub-menu > .menu-item > .menu-link{padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;padding-left:30px;padding-right:20px;}.ast-header-break-point .ast-builder-menu-2 .sub-menu .menu-item.menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle{top:0px;right:calc( 20px - 0.907em );}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-builder-menu-2 .sub-menu .menu-item.menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle{top:0px;}}.ast-above-header,.main-header-bar,.ast-below-header {-webkit-transition: all 0.2s linear;transition: all 0.2s linear;}.ast-above-header,.main-header-bar,.ast-below-header {max-width:100%;}[CLASS*="-sticky-header-active"] .ast-header-sticked [data-section="section-header-mobile-trigger"] .ast-button-wrap .mobile-menu-toggle-icon .ast-mobile-svg{fill:#3f3a94;}[CLASS*="-sticky-header-active"] .ast-header-sticked [data-section="section-header-mobile-trigger"] .ast-button-wrap .mobile-menu-wrap .mobile-menu{color:#3f3a94;}[CLASS*="-sticky-header-active"] .ast-header-sticked [data-section="section-header-mobile-trigger"] .ast-button-wrap .ast-mobile-menu-trigger-minimal{background:transparent;}.site-title,.site-title a{font-weight:500;font-family:'Poppins',sans-serif;line-height:1.23em;}.ast-read-more-container a{font-size:16px;font-size:1rem;}.ast-excerpt-container{font-size:16px;font-size:1rem;}.ast-pagination .page-numbers,.ast-pagination .page-navigation{font-size:17px;font-size:1.0625rem;}.secondary .widget-title,.woocommerce-page #secondary .widget .widget-title{font-size:26px;font-size:1.625rem;font-weight:500;font-family:'Poppins',sans-serif;line-height:1.23em;}.secondary .widget > *:not(.widget-title){font-size:16px;font-size:1rem;}.blog .entry-title,.blog .entry-title a,.archive .entry-title,.archive .entry-title a,.search .entry-title,.search .entry-title a{font-family:'Poppins',sans-serif;font-weight:500;line-height:1.23em;}button,.ast-button,input#submit,input[type="button"],input[type="submit"],input[type="reset"]{font-size:16px;font-size:1rem;font-weight:500;}h4.widget-title{font-weight:500;}h5.widget-title{font-weight:500;}h6.widget-title{font-weight:500;}.elementor-widget-heading h4.elementor-heading-title{line-height:1.2em;}.elementor-widget-heading h5.elementor-heading-title{line-height:1.2em;}.elementor-widget-heading h6.elementor-heading-title{line-height:1.25em;}.ast-hfb-header.ast-desktop .ast-builder-menu-1 .main-header-menu .menu-item.menu-item-heading > .menu-link{font-weight:700;}.ast-hfb-header.ast-desktop .ast-builder-menu-2 .main-header-menu .menu-item.menu-item-heading > .menu-link{font-weight:700;}#secondary .wp-block-group *:not(h2:first-of-type){font-size:!important;}@media (max-width:921px){#secondary .wp-block-group *:not(h2:first-of-type){font-size:!important;}}@media (max-width:544px){#secondary .wp-block-group *:not(h2:first-of-type){font-size:!important;}}.ast-desktop .ast-mm-widget-content .ast-mm-widget-item{padding:0;}.ast-header-break-point .menu-text + .icon-arrow,.ast-desktop .menu-link > .icon-arrow:first-child,.ast-header-break-point .main-header-menu > .menu-item > .menu-link .icon-arrow,.ast-header-break-point .astra-mm-highlight-label + .icon-arrow{display:none;}@media (min-width: 922px) {.ast-search-box.full-screen a.ast-search-item {display: inline-flex;width: 50%;}}.full-screen label.ast-search--posttype-heading {border-color: #9E9E9E;color: #fafafa;font-size: 1.2em;}.ast-search-box.full-screen a.ast-search-item {color: #e2e2e2;font-size: 1em;}.full-screen label.ast-search--no-results-heading {padding: 1em 0;color: #e2e2e2;}.ast-advanced-headers-layout.ast-advanced-headers-layout-2 .ast-container{flex-direction:column;}.ast-advanced-headers-different-logo .advanced-header-logo,.ast-header-break-point .ast-has-mobile-header-logo .advanced-header-logo{display:inline-block;}.ast-header-break-point.ast-advanced-headers-different-logo .ast-has-mobile-header-logo .ast-mobile-header-logo{display:none;}.ast-advanced-headers-layout{width:100%;}.ast-header-break-point .ast-advanced-headers-parallax{background-attachment:fixed;}#masthead .site-logo-img .sticky-custom-logo .astra-logo-svg,.site-logo-img .sticky-custom-logo .astra-logo-svg,.ast-sticky-main-shrink .ast-sticky-shrunk .site-logo-img .astra-logo-svg{max-width:182px;width:182px !important;}.ast-hfb-header .site-logo-img .sticky-custom-logo img{max-width:182px !important;width:182px;}#masthead .site-logo-img .astra-logo-svg,.ast-header-break-point #ast-fixed-header .site-logo-img .custom-logo-link img {max-width:200px;}[CLASS*="-sticky-header-active"].ast-desktop .ast-builder-menu-1 .main-header-menu.ast-mega-menu-enabled .sub-menu .menu-item.menu-item-heading > .menu-link{background:transparent;}[CLASS*="-sticky-header-active"].ast-desktop .ast-builder-menu-1 .main-header-menu.ast-mega-menu-enabled .sub-menu .menu-item.menu-item-heading:hover > .menu-link,[CLASS*="-sticky-header-active"].ast-desktop .ast-builder-menu-1 .main-header-menu.ast-mega-menu-enabled .sub-menu .menu-item.menu-item-heading > .menu-link:hover{background:transparent;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-primary-sticky-header-active.ast-main-header-nav-open nav{overflow-y:auto;max-height:calc(100vh - 100px);}}[CLASS*="-sticky-header-active"].ast-desktop .ast-builder-menu-2 .main-header-menu.ast-mega-menu-enabled .sub-menu .menu-item.menu-item-heading > .menu-link{background:transparent;}[CLASS*="-sticky-header-active"].ast-desktop .ast-builder-menu-2 .main-header-menu.ast-mega-menu-enabled .sub-menu .menu-item.menu-item-heading:hover > .menu-link,[CLASS*="-sticky-header-active"].ast-desktop .ast-builder-menu-2 .main-header-menu.ast-mega-menu-enabled .sub-menu .menu-item.menu-item-heading > .menu-link:hover{background:transparent;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-primary-sticky-header-active.ast-main-header-nav-open nav{overflow-y:auto;max-height:calc(100vh - 100px);}}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-primary-sticky-header-active.ast-main-header-nav-open nav{overflow-y:auto;max-height:calc(100vh - 100px);}}.ast-transparent-header.ast-primary-sticky-header-active .main-header-bar-wrap .main-header-bar,.ast-primary-sticky-header-active .main-header-bar-wrap .main-header-bar,.ast-primary-sticky-header-active.ast-header-break-point .main-header-bar-wrap .main-header-bar,.ast-transparent-header.ast-primary-sticky-enabled .ast-main-header-wrap .main-header-bar.ast-header-sticked,.ast-primary-sticky-enabled .ast-main-header-wrap .main-header-bar.ast-header-sticked,.ast-primary-sticky-header-ast-primary-sticky-enabled .ast-main-header-wrap .main-header-bar.ast-header-sticked{backdrop-filter:unset;-webkit-backdrop-filter:unset;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='font-awesome-official-css' href='https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v6.4.0/css/all.css' media='all' integrity="sha384-iw3OoTErCYJJB9mCa8LNS2hbsQ7M3C0EpIsO/H5+EGAkPGc6rk+V8i04oW/K5xq0" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='bio-news-theme-css-css' href='https://bio.news/wp-content/themes/bio-news/style.css?ver=1.0.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='font-awesome-official-v4shim-css' href='https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v6.4.0/css/v4-shims.css' media='all' integrity="sha384-TjXU13dTMPo+5ZlOUI1IGXvpmajjoetPqbUJqTx+uZ1bGwylKHNEItuVe/mg/H6l" crossorigin="anonymous" /> <script src="https://bio.news/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script src="https://bio.news/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script>  <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://bio.news/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://bio.news/wp-json/wp/v2/posts/574" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://bio.news/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://bio.news/?p=574' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://bio.news/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fbio.news%2Ffederal-policy%2Forphan-drug-act-celebrates-40-years-of-driving-the-fight-against-rare-diseases%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://bio.news/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fbio.news%2Ffederal-policy%2Forphan-drug-act-celebrates-40-years-of-driving-the-fight-against-rare-diseases%2F&format=xml" /> <script> document.documentElement.className = document.documentElement.className.replace('no-js', 'js'); </script> <style> .no-js img.lazyload { display: none; } figure.wp-block-image img.lazyloading { min-width: 150px; } .lazyload, .lazyloading { opacity: 0; } .lazyloaded { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 400ms; transition-delay: 0ms; } </style> <meta name="generator" content="Elementor 3.23.4; features: e_optimized_css_loading, additional_custom_breakpoints, e_lazyload; settings: css_print_method-external, google_font-enabled, font_display-swap"> <style> .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { background-image: none !important; } @media screen and (max-height: 1024px) { .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { background-image: none !important; } } @media screen and (max-height: 640px) { .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { background-image: none !important; } } </style> <style id="uagb-style-frontend-574">.uag-blocks-common-selector{z-index:var(--z-index-desktop) !important}@media (max-width: 976px){.uag-blocks-common-selector{z-index:var(--z-index-tablet) !important}}@media (max-width: 767px){.uag-blocks-common-selector{z-index:var(--z-index-mobile) !important}} </style><style id="uagb-style-frontend-4326">.uag-blocks-common-selector{z-index:var(--z-index-desktop) !important}@media (max-width: 976px){.uag-blocks-common-selector{z-index:var(--z-index-tablet) !important}}@media (max-width: 767px){.uag-blocks-common-selector{z-index:var(--z-index-mobile) !important}} </style><style id="uagb-style-frontend-4324">.uag-blocks-common-selector{z-index:var(--z-index-desktop) !important}@media (max-width: 976px){.uag-blocks-common-selector{z-index:var(--z-index-tablet) !important}}@media (max-width: 767px){.uag-blocks-common-selector{z-index:var(--z-index-mobile) !important}} </style><link rel="icon" href="https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/cropped-cropped-favicon_bio-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/cropped-cropped-favicon_bio-192x192.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/cropped-cropped-favicon_bio-180x180.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/cropped-cropped-favicon_bio-270x270.png" />  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-228807776-1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-228807776-1'); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> (function() { var didInit = false; function initMunchkin() { if(didInit === false) { didInit = true; Munchkin.init('490-EHZ-999'); } } var s = document.createElement('script'); s.type = 'text/javascript'; s.async = true; s.src = '//munchkin.marketo.net/munchkin.js'; s.onreadystatechange = function() { if (this.readyState == 'complete' || this.readyState == 'loaded') { initMunchkin(); } }; s.onload = initMunchkin; document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(s); })(); </script> </head> <body itemtype='https://schema.org/Blog' itemscope='itemscope' class="post-template-default single single-post postid-574 single-format-standard wp-custom-logo ast-desktop ast-plain-container ast-right-sidebar astra-4.7.1 group-blog ast-blog-single-style-1 ast-single-post ast-inherit-site-logo-transparent ast-hfb-header ast-full-width-layout ast-sticky-main-shrink ast-sticky-header-shrink ast-inherit-site-logo-sticky ast-sticky-custom-logo ast-primary-sticky-enabled ast-normal-title-enabled elementor-default elementor-kit-42 astra-addon-4.8.0">  <noscript><iframe src=https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-PQHHCWJZ height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <script src="https://api.fouanalytics.com/api/init-482063914yjjkwsgoxki.js" data-cfasync="false" async></script><noscript><img src="https://api.fouanalytics.com/api/noscript-482063914yjjkwsgoxki.gif"></noscript>  <a class="skip-link screen-reader-text" href="#content" role="link" title="Skip to content"> Skip to content</a> <div class="hfeed site" id="page"> <header class="site-header header-main-layout-1 ast-primary-menu-enabled ast-logo-title-inline ast-hide-custom-menu-mobile ast-builder-menu-toggle-icon ast-mobile-header-inline" id="masthead" itemtype="https://schema.org/WPHeader" itemscope="itemscope" itemid="#masthead" > <div id="ast-desktop-header" data-toggle-type="dropdown"> <div class="ast-above-header-wrap "> <div class="ast-above-header-bar ast-above-header site-header-focus-item" data-section="section-above-header-builder"> <div class="site-above-header-wrap ast-builder-grid-row-container site-header-focus-item ast-container" data-section="section-above-header-builder"> <div class="ast-builder-grid-row ast-builder-grid-row-has-sides ast-builder-grid-row-no-center"> <div class="site-header-above-section-left site-header-section ast-flex site-header-section-left"> <div class="ast-builder-menu-2 ast-builder-menu ast-flex ast-builder-menu-2-focus-item ast-builder-layout-element site-header-focus-item" data-section="section-hb-menu-2"> <div class="ast-main-header-bar-alignment"><div class="main-header-bar-navigation"><nav class="site-navigation ast-flex-grow-1 navigation-accessibility site-header-focus-item" id="secondary_menu-site-navigation-desktop" aria-label="Site Navigation: Top Left Menu" itemtype="https://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" itemscope="itemscope"><div class="main-navigation ast-inline-flex"><ul id="ast-hf-menu-2" class="main-header-menu ast-menu-shadow ast-nav-menu ast-flex submenu-with-border stack-on-mobile ast-mega-menu-enabled"><li id="menu-item-105" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-105"><a href="https://bio.news/about/" class="menu-link"><span class="ast-icon icon-arrow"><svg class="ast-arrow-svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" width="26px" height="16.043px" viewBox="57 35.171 26 16.043" enable-background="new 57 35.171 26 16.043" xml:space="preserve"> <path d="M57.5,38.193l12.5,12.5l12.5-12.5l-2.5-2.5l-10,10l-10-10L57.5,38.193z"/> </svg></span><span class="menu-text">About</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-106" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-106"><a href="https://bio.news/contact/" class="menu-link"><span class="ast-icon icon-arrow"><svg class="ast-arrow-svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" width="26px" height="16.043px" viewBox="57 35.171 26 16.043" enable-background="new 57 35.171 26 16.043" xml:space="preserve"> <path d="M57.5,38.193l12.5,12.5l12.5-12.5l-2.5-2.5l-10,10l-10-10L57.5,38.193z"/> </svg></span><span class="menu-text">Contact</span></a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="site-header-above-section-right site-header-section ast-flex ast-grid-right-section"> <div class="ast-builder-layout-element ast-flex site-header-focus-item ast-header-search" data-section="section-header-search"> <div class="ast-search-icon"><a class="full-screen astra-search-icon" aria-label="Search icon link" href="#"><span class="ast-icon icon-search"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="-893 488 142 142" enable-background="new -888 480 142 142" xml:space="preserve"> <path d="M-787.4,568.7h-6.3l-2.4-2.4c7.9-8.7,12.6-20.5,12.6-33.1c0-28.4-22.9-51.3-51.3-51.3 c-28.4,0-51.3,22.9-51.3,51.3c0,28.4,22.9,51.3,51.3,51.3c12.6,0,24.4-4.7,33.1-12.6l2.4,2.4v6.3l39.4,39.4l11.8-11.8L-787.4,568.7 L-787.4,568.7z M-834.7,568.7c-19.7,0-35.5-15.8-35.5-35.5c0-19.7,15.8-35.5,35.5-35.5c19.7,0,35.5,15.8,35.5,35.5 C-799.3,553-815,568.7-834.7,568.7L-834.7,568.7z"/> </svg></span></a></div><div class="ast-search-menu-icon full-screen"></div> </div> <div class="ast-builder-layout-element ast-flex site-header-focus-item" data-section="section-hb-social-icons-1"> <div class="ast-header-social-1-wrap ast-header-social-wrap"><div class="header-social-inner-wrap element-social-inner-wrap social-show-label-false ast-social-color-type-custom ast-social-stack-none ast-social-element-style-filled"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/IAmBiotech" aria-label=Facebook target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="--color: #557dbc; --background-color: transparent;" class="ast-builder-social-element ast-inline-flex ast-facebook header-social-item"><span class="ahfb-svg-iconset ast-inline-flex svg-baseline"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 448 512'><path d='M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z'></path></svg></span></a><a href="https://www.facebook.com/IAmBiotech" aria-label=Twitter/X target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="--color: #7acdee; --background-color: transparent;" class="ast-builder-social-element ast-inline-flex ast-twitter header-social-item"><span class="ahfb-svg-iconset ast-inline-flex svg-baseline"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'><path d='M18.244 2.25H21.552L14.325 10.51L22.827 21.75H16.17L10.956 14.933L4.99 21.75H1.68L9.41 12.915L1.254 2.25H8.08L12.793 8.481L18.244 2.25ZM17.083 19.77H18.916L7.084 4.126H5.117L17.083 19.77Z'/></svg></span></a><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/biotechnology-innovation-organization/%20" aria-label=LinkedIn target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="--color: #8a3ab9; --background-color: transparent;" class="ast-builder-social-element ast-inline-flex ast-instagram header-social-item"><span class="ahfb-svg-iconset ast-inline-flex svg-baseline"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 448 512'><path d='M416 32H31.9C14.3 32 0 46.5 0 64.3v383.4C0 465.5 14.3 480 31.9 480H416c17.6 0 32-14.5 32-32.3V64.3c0-17.8-14.4-32.3-32-32.3zM135.4 416H69V202.2h66.5V416zm-33.2-243c-21.3 0-38.5-17.3-38.5-38.5S80.9 96 102.2 96c21.2 0 38.5 17.3 38.5 38.5 0 21.3-17.2 38.5-38.5 38.5zm282.1 243h-66.4V312c0-24.8-.5-56.7-34.5-56.7-34.6 0-39.9 27-39.9 54.9V416h-66.4V202.2h63.7v29.2h.9c8.9-16.8 30.6-34.5 62.9-34.5 67.2 0 79.7 44.3 79.7 101.9V416z'></path></svg></span></a></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ast-main-header-wrap main-header-bar-wrap "> <div class="ast-primary-header-bar ast-primary-header main-header-bar site-header-focus-item" data-section="section-primary-header-builder"> <div class="site-primary-header-wrap ast-builder-grid-row-container site-header-focus-item ast-container" data-section="section-primary-header-builder"> <div class="ast-builder-grid-row ast-builder-grid-row-has-sides ast-grid-center-col-layout"> <div class="site-header-primary-section-left site-header-section ast-flex site-header-section-left"> <div class="ast-builder-layout-element ast-flex site-header-focus-item" data-section="title_tagline"> <div class="site-branding ast-site-identity" itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization" itemscope="itemscope" > <span class="site-logo-img"><a href="https://bio.news/" class="custom-logo-link" rel="home"><img width="200" height="55" data-src="https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BIO-News-2024-Hrztl-RGB-200x55.png" class="custom-logo lazyload" alt="Bio.News" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BIO-News-2024-Hrztl-RGB-200x55.png 1x, https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BIO-News-2024-Hrztl-RGB.png 2x" data-sizes="(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 200px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 200/55;" /><noscript><img width="200" height="55" data-src="https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BIO-News-2024-Hrztl-RGB-200x55.png" class="custom-logo lazyload" alt="Bio.News" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BIO-News-2024-Hrztl-RGB-200x55.png 1x, https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BIO-News-2024-Hrztl-RGB.png 2x" data-sizes="(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 200px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 200/55;" /><noscript><img width="200" height="55" src="https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BIO-News-2024-Hrztl-RGB-200x55.png" class="custom-logo" alt="Bio.News" decoding="async" srcset="https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BIO-News-2024-Hrztl-RGB-200x55.png 1x, https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BIO-News-2024-Hrztl-RGB.png 2x" sizes="(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px" /></noscript></noscript></a><a href="https://bio.news/" class="sticky-custom-logo" rel="home" itemprop="url"><img width="182" height="55" data-src="https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Bio_News-650x197-1-182x55.png" class="custom-logo lazyload" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Bio_News-650x197-1-182x55.png 1x, https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Bio_News-650x197-2.png 2x" data-sizes="(max-width: 182px) 100vw, 182px" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 182px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 182/55;" /><noscript><img width="182" height="55" data-src="https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Bio_News-650x197-1-182x55.png" class="custom-logo lazyload" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Bio_News-650x197-1-182x55.png 1x, https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Bio_News-650x197-2.png 2x" data-sizes="(max-width: 182px) 100vw, 182px" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 182px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 182/55;" /><noscript><img width="182" height="55" src="https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Bio_News-650x197-1-182x55.png" class="custom-logo" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Bio_News-650x197-1-182x55.png 1x, https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Bio_News-650x197-2.png 2x" sizes="(max-width: 182px) 100vw, 182px" /></noscript></noscript></a></span><div class="ast-site-title-wrap"> <span class="site-title" itemprop="name"> <a href="https://bio.news/" rel="home" itemprop="url" > Bio.News </a> </span> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="site-header-primary-section-left-center site-header-section ast-flex ast-grid-left-center-section"> </div> </div> <div class="site-header-primary-section-center site-header-section ast-flex ast-grid-section-center"> <div class="ast-builder-menu-1 ast-builder-menu ast-flex ast-builder-menu-1-focus-item ast-builder-layout-element site-header-focus-item" data-section="section-hb-menu-1"> <div class="ast-main-header-bar-alignment"><div class="main-header-bar-navigation"><nav class="site-navigation ast-flex-grow-1 navigation-accessibility site-header-focus-item" id="primary-site-navigation-desktop" aria-label="Site Navigation: Primary" itemtype="https://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" itemscope="itemscope"><div class="main-navigation ast-inline-flex"><ul id="ast-hf-menu-1" class="main-header-menu ast-menu-shadow ast-nav-menu ast-flex submenu-with-border stack-on-mobile ast-mega-menu-enabled"><li id="menu-item-32" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-32"><a href="https://bio.news/" class="menu-link"><span class="ast-icon icon-arrow"><svg class="ast-arrow-svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" width="26px" height="16.043px" viewBox="57 35.171 26 16.043" enable-background="new 57 35.171 26 16.043" xml:space="preserve"> <path d="M57.5,38.193l12.5,12.5l12.5-12.5l-2.5-2.5l-10,10l-10-10L57.5,38.193z"/> </svg></span><span class="menu-text">Homepage</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-38" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor current-menu-parent current-post-parent menu-item-38"><a href="https://bio.news/category/health/" class="menu-link"><span class="ast-icon icon-arrow"><svg class="ast-arrow-svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" width="26px" height="16.043px" viewBox="57 35.171 26 16.043" enable-background="new 57 35.171 26 16.043" xml:space="preserve"> <path d="M57.5,38.193l12.5,12.5l12.5-12.5l-2.5-2.5l-10,10l-10-10L57.5,38.193z"/> </svg></span><span class="menu-text">Health</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-34" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-34"><a href="https://bio.news/category/agriculture/" class="menu-link"><span class="ast-icon icon-arrow"><svg class="ast-arrow-svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" width="26px" height="16.043px" viewBox="57 35.171 26 16.043" enable-background="new 57 35.171 26 16.043" xml:space="preserve"> <path d="M57.5,38.193l12.5,12.5l12.5-12.5l-2.5-2.5l-10,10l-10-10L57.5,38.193z"/> </svg></span><span class="menu-text">Agriculture</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-36" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-36"><a href="https://bio.news/category/climate-change/" class="menu-link"><span class="ast-icon icon-arrow"><svg class="ast-arrow-svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" width="26px" height="16.043px" viewBox="57 35.171 26 16.043" enable-background="new 57 35.171 26 16.043" xml:space="preserve"> <path d="M57.5,38.193l12.5,12.5l12.5-12.5l-2.5-2.5l-10,10l-10-10L57.5,38.193z"/> </svg></span><span class="menu-text">Climate Change</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-37" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor current-menu-parent current-post-parent menu-item-37"><a href="https://bio.news/category/federal-policy/" class="menu-link"><span class="ast-icon icon-arrow"><svg class="ast-arrow-svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" width="26px" height="16.043px" viewBox="57 35.171 26 16.043" enable-background="new 57 35.171 26 16.043" xml:space="preserve"> <path d="M57.5,38.193l12.5,12.5l12.5-12.5l-2.5-2.5l-10,10l-10-10L57.5,38.193z"/> </svg></span><span class="menu-text">Federal Policy</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-40" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40"><a href="https://bio.news/category/state-policy/" class="menu-link"><span class="ast-icon icon-arrow"><svg class="ast-arrow-svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" width="26px" height="16.043px" viewBox="57 35.171 26 16.043" enable-background="new 57 35.171 26 16.043" xml:space="preserve"> <path d="M57.5,38.193l12.5,12.5l12.5-12.5l-2.5-2.5l-10,10l-10-10L57.5,38.193z"/> </svg></span><span class="menu-text">State Policy</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-39" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-39"><a href="https://bio.news/category/international/" class="menu-link"><span class="ast-icon icon-arrow"><svg class="ast-arrow-svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" width="26px" height="16.043px" viewBox="57 35.171 26 16.043" enable-background="new 57 35.171 26 16.043" xml:space="preserve"> <path d="M57.5,38.193l12.5,12.5l12.5-12.5l-2.5-2.5l-10,10l-10-10L57.5,38.193z"/> </svg></span><span class="menu-text">International</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-35" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-35 ast-mm-has-desc"><a href="https://bio.news/category/bios-view/" class="menu-link"><span class="ast-icon icon-arrow"><svg class="ast-arrow-svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" width="26px" height="16.043px" viewBox="57 35.171 26 16.043" enable-background="new 57 35.171 26 16.043" xml:space="preserve"> <path d="M57.5,38.193l12.5,12.5l12.5-12.5l-2.5-2.5l-10,10l-10-10L57.5,38.193z"/> </svg></span><span class="menu-text">BIO’s View</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-31" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-31"><a href="https://bio.news/bio-events/" class="menu-link"><span class="ast-icon icon-arrow"><svg class="ast-arrow-svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" width="26px" height="16.043px" viewBox="57 35.171 26 16.043" enable-background="new 57 35.171 26 16.043" xml:space="preserve"> <path d="M57.5,38.193l12.5,12.5l12.5-12.5l-2.5-2.5l-10,10l-10-10L57.5,38.193z"/> </svg></span><span class="menu-text">BIO Events</span></a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="site-header-primary-section-right site-header-section ast-flex ast-grid-right-section"> <div class="site-header-primary-section-right-center site-header-section ast-flex ast-grid-right-center-section"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div id="ast-mobile-header" class="ast-mobile-header-wrap " data-type="dropdown"> <div class="ast-main-header-wrap main-header-bar-wrap" > <div class="ast-primary-header-bar ast-primary-header main-header-bar site-primary-header-wrap site-header-focus-item ast-builder-grid-row-layout-default ast-builder-grid-row-tablet-layout-default ast-builder-grid-row-mobile-layout-default" data-section="section-primary-header-builder"> <div class="ast-builder-grid-row ast-builder-grid-row-has-sides ast-builder-grid-row-no-center"> <div class="site-header-primary-section-left site-header-section ast-flex site-header-section-left"> <div class="ast-builder-layout-element ast-flex site-header-focus-item" data-section="title_tagline"> <div class="site-branding ast-site-identity" itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization" itemscope="itemscope" > <span class="site-logo-img"><a href="https://bio.news/" class="custom-logo-link" rel="home"><img width="200" height="55" data-src="https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BIO-News-2024-Hrztl-RGB-200x55.png" class="custom-logo lazyload" alt="Bio.News" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BIO-News-2024-Hrztl-RGB-200x55.png 1x, https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BIO-News-2024-Hrztl-RGB.png 2x" data-sizes="(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 200px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 200/55;" /><noscript><img width="200" height="55" data-src="https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BIO-News-2024-Hrztl-RGB-200x55.png" class="custom-logo lazyload" alt="Bio.News" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BIO-News-2024-Hrztl-RGB-200x55.png 1x, https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BIO-News-2024-Hrztl-RGB.png 2x" data-sizes="(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 200px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 200/55;" /><noscript><img width="200" height="55" src="https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BIO-News-2024-Hrztl-RGB-200x55.png" class="custom-logo" alt="Bio.News" decoding="async" srcset="https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BIO-News-2024-Hrztl-RGB-200x55.png 1x, https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BIO-News-2024-Hrztl-RGB.png 2x" sizes="(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px" /></noscript></noscript></a><a href="https://bio.news/" class="sticky-custom-logo" rel="home" itemprop="url"><img width="182" height="55" data-src="https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Bio_News-650x197-1-182x55.png" class="custom-logo lazyload" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Bio_News-650x197-1-182x55.png 1x, https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Bio_News-650x197-2.png 2x" data-sizes="(max-width: 182px) 100vw, 182px" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 182px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 182/55;" /><noscript><img width="182" height="55" data-src="https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Bio_News-650x197-1-182x55.png" class="custom-logo lazyload" alt="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Bio_News-650x197-1-182x55.png 1x, https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Bio_News-650x197-2.png 2x" data-sizes="(max-width: 182px) 100vw, 182px" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 182px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 182/55;" /><noscript><img width="182" height="55" src="https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Bio_News-650x197-1-182x55.png" class="custom-logo" alt="" decoding="async" srcset="https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Bio_News-650x197-1-182x55.png 1x, https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/Bio_News-650x197-2.png 2x" sizes="(max-width: 182px) 100vw, 182px" /></noscript></noscript></a></span><div class="ast-site-title-wrap"> <span class="site-title" itemprop="name"> <a href="https://bio.news/" rel="home" itemprop="url" > Bio.News </a> </span> </div> </div>  </div> </div> <div class="site-header-primary-section-right site-header-section ast-flex ast-grid-right-section"> <div class="ast-builder-layout-element ast-flex site-header-focus-item" data-section="section-header-mobile-trigger"> <div class="ast-button-wrap"> <button type="button" class="menu-toggle main-header-menu-toggle ast-mobile-menu-trigger-minimal" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Main Menu</span> <span class="mobile-menu-toggle-icon"> <span class="ahfb-svg-iconset ast-inline-flex svg-baseline"><svg class='ast-mobile-svg ast-menu-svg' fill='currentColor' version='1.1' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='24' height='24' viewBox='0 0 24 24'><path d='M3 13h18c0.552 0 1-0.448 1-1s-0.448-1-1-1h-18c-0.552 0-1 0.448-1 1s0.448 1 1 1zM3 7h18c0.552 0 1-0.448 1-1s-0.448-1-1-1h-18c-0.552 0-1 0.448-1 1s0.448 1 1 1zM3 19h18c0.552 0 1-0.448 1-1s-0.448-1-1-1h-18c-0.552 0-1 0.448-1 1s0.448 1 1 1z'></path></svg></span><span class="ahfb-svg-iconset ast-inline-flex svg-baseline"><svg class='ast-mobile-svg ast-close-svg' fill='currentColor' version='1.1' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='24' height='24' viewBox='0 0 24 24'><path d='M5.293 6.707l5.293 5.293-5.293 5.293c-0.391 0.391-0.391 1.024 0 1.414s1.024 0.391 1.414 0l5.293-5.293 5.293 5.293c0.391 0.391 1.024 0.391 1.414 0s0.391-1.024 0-1.414l-5.293-5.293 5.293-5.293c0.391-0.391 0.391-1.024 0-1.414s-1.024-0.391-1.414 0l-5.293 5.293-5.293-5.293c-0.391-0.391-1.024-0.391-1.414 0s-0.391 1.024 0 1.414z'></path></svg></span> </span> </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ast-mobile-header-content content-align-flex-start "> <div class="ast-builder-menu-mobile ast-builder-menu ast-builder-menu-mobile-focus-item ast-builder-layout-element site-header-focus-item" data-section="section-header-mobile-menu"> <div class="ast-main-header-bar-alignment"><div class="main-header-bar-navigation"><nav class="site-navigation ast-flex-grow-1 navigation-accessibility site-header-focus-item" id="ast-mobile-site-navigation" aria-label="Site Navigation: Primary" itemtype="https://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" itemscope="itemscope"><div class="main-navigation"><ul id="ast-hf-mobile-menu" class="main-header-menu ast-nav-menu ast-flex submenu-with-border astra-menu-animation-fade stack-on-mobile ast-mega-menu-enabled"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-32"><a href="https://bio.news/" class="menu-link"><span class="ast-icon icon-arrow"><svg class="ast-arrow-svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" width="26px" height="16.043px" viewBox="57 35.171 26 16.043" enable-background="new 57 35.171 26 16.043" xml:space="preserve"> <path d="M57.5,38.193l12.5,12.5l12.5-12.5l-2.5-2.5l-10,10l-10-10L57.5,38.193z"/> </svg></span><span class="menu-text">Homepage</span></a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor current-menu-parent current-post-parent menu-item-38"><a href="https://bio.news/category/health/" class="menu-link"><span class="ast-icon icon-arrow"><svg class="ast-arrow-svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" width="26px" height="16.043px" viewBox="57 35.171 26 16.043" enable-background="new 57 35.171 26 16.043" xml:space="preserve"> <path d="M57.5,38.193l12.5,12.5l12.5-12.5l-2.5-2.5l-10,10l-10-10L57.5,38.193z"/> </svg></span><span class="menu-text">Health</span></a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-34"><a href="https://bio.news/category/agriculture/" class="menu-link"><span class="ast-icon icon-arrow"><svg class="ast-arrow-svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" width="26px" height="16.043px" viewBox="57 35.171 26 16.043" enable-background="new 57 35.171 26 16.043" xml:space="preserve"> <path d="M57.5,38.193l12.5,12.5l12.5-12.5l-2.5-2.5l-10,10l-10-10L57.5,38.193z"/> </svg></span><span class="menu-text">Agriculture</span></a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-36"><a href="https://bio.news/category/climate-change/" class="menu-link"><span class="ast-icon icon-arrow"><svg class="ast-arrow-svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" width="26px" height="16.043px" viewBox="57 35.171 26 16.043" enable-background="new 57 35.171 26 16.043" xml:space="preserve"> <path d="M57.5,38.193l12.5,12.5l12.5-12.5l-2.5-2.5l-10,10l-10-10L57.5,38.193z"/> </svg></span><span class="menu-text">Climate Change</span></a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor current-menu-parent current-post-parent menu-item-37"><a href="https://bio.news/category/federal-policy/" class="menu-link"><span class="ast-icon icon-arrow"><svg class="ast-arrow-svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" width="26px" height="16.043px" viewBox="57 35.171 26 16.043" enable-background="new 57 35.171 26 16.043" xml:space="preserve"> <path d="M57.5,38.193l12.5,12.5l12.5-12.5l-2.5-2.5l-10,10l-10-10L57.5,38.193z"/> </svg></span><span class="menu-text">Federal Policy</span></a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40"><a href="https://bio.news/category/state-policy/" class="menu-link"><span class="ast-icon icon-arrow"><svg class="ast-arrow-svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" width="26px" height="16.043px" viewBox="57 35.171 26 16.043" enable-background="new 57 35.171 26 16.043" xml:space="preserve"> <path d="M57.5,38.193l12.5,12.5l12.5-12.5l-2.5-2.5l-10,10l-10-10L57.5,38.193z"/> </svg></span><span class="menu-text">State Policy</span></a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-39"><a href="https://bio.news/category/international/" class="menu-link"><span class="ast-icon icon-arrow"><svg class="ast-arrow-svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" width="26px" height="16.043px" viewBox="57 35.171 26 16.043" enable-background="new 57 35.171 26 16.043" xml:space="preserve"> <path d="M57.5,38.193l12.5,12.5l12.5-12.5l-2.5-2.5l-10,10l-10-10L57.5,38.193z"/> </svg></span><span class="menu-text">International</span></a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-35 ast-mm-has-desc"><a href="https://bio.news/category/bios-view/" class="menu-link"><span class="ast-icon icon-arrow"><svg class="ast-arrow-svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" width="26px" height="16.043px" viewBox="57 35.171 26 16.043" enable-background="new 57 35.171 26 16.043" xml:space="preserve"> <path d="M57.5,38.193l12.5,12.5l12.5-12.5l-2.5-2.5l-10,10l-10-10L57.5,38.193z"/> </svg></span><span class="menu-text">BIO’s View</span></a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-31"><a href="https://bio.news/bio-events/" class="menu-link"><span class="ast-icon icon-arrow"><svg class="ast-arrow-svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" width="26px" height="16.043px" viewBox="57 35.171 26 16.043" enable-background="new 57 35.171 26 16.043" xml:space="preserve"> <path d="M57.5,38.193l12.5,12.5l12.5-12.5l-2.5-2.5l-10,10l-10-10L57.5,38.193z"/> </svg></span><span class="menu-text">BIO Events</span></a></li></ul></div></nav></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div id="content" class="site-content"> <div class="ast-container"> <div id="primary" class="content-area primary"> <main id="main" class="site-main"> <article class="post-574 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-federal-policy category-health category-latest-news ast-article-single" id="post-574" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork" itemscope="itemscope"> <div class="ast-post-format- single-layout-1 ast-no-date-box"> <header class="entry-header "> <h1 class="entry-title" itemprop="headline">Orphan Drug Act: 40+ years of fighting rare diseases</h1><div class="entry-meta"><span class="posted-on"><span class="published" itemprop="datePublished"> January 3, 2024 </span></span> / <span class="ast-terms-link"><a href="https://bio.news/category/federal-policy/" class="">Federal Policy</a>, <a href="https://bio.news/category/health/" class="">Health</a>, <a href="https://bio.news/category/latest-news/" class="">Latest News</a></span> / By <span class="posted-by vcard author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author"> <a title="View all posts by Bio.News Staff" href="https://bio.news/author/bio-news-staff/" rel="author" class="url fn n" itemprop="url" > <span class="author-name" itemprop="name" > Bio.News Staff </span> </a> </span> </div><div class="post-thumb-img-content post-thumb"><img fetchpriority="high" width="966" height="690" src="https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/orphan-drug-act-40-1.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-post-image" alt="" itemprop="image" decoding="async" srcset="https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/orphan-drug-act-40-1.png 966w, https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/orphan-drug-act-40-1-300x214.png 300w, https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/orphan-drug-act-40-1-768x549.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 966px) 100vw, 966px" /></div> <div class="ast-post-social-sharing"> <div class="ast-social-inner-wrap element-social-inner-wrap social-show-label-true ast-social-color-type-custom"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fbio.news%2Ffederal-policy%2Forphan-drug-act-celebrates-40-years-of-driving-the-fight-against-rare-diseases%2F" aria-label="Facebook" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="ast-inline-flex ast-social-icon-a"> <div style="--color: #557dbc; --background-color:transparent;" class="ast-social-element ast-facebook-social-item"> <span class="ahfb-svg-iconset ast-inline-flex svg-baseline"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 320 512'><path d='M279.14 288l14.22-92.66h-88.91v-60.13c0-25.35 12.42-50.06 52.24-50.06h40.42V6.26S260.43 0 225.36 0c-73.22 0-121.08 44.38-121.08 124.72v70.62H22.89V288h81.39v224h100.17V288z'></path></svg></span> </div> <span class="social-item-label"> Facebook </span> </a> <a href="http://twitter.com/share?url=https%3A%2F%2Fbio.news%2Ffederal-policy%2Forphan-drug-act-celebrates-40-years-of-driving-the-fight-against-rare-diseases%2F&text=Orphan%20Drug%20Act%3A%2040%2B%20years%20of%20fighting%20rare%20diseases&hashtags=Federal%20Policy,Health,Latest%20News" aria-label="Twitter/X" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="ast-inline-flex ast-social-icon-a"> <div style="--color: #7acdee; --background-color:transparent;" class="ast-social-element ast-twitter-social-item"> <span class="ahfb-svg-iconset ast-inline-flex svg-baseline"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'><path d='M18.244 2.25H21.552L14.325 10.51L22.827 21.75H16.17L10.956 14.933L4.99 21.75H1.68L9.41 12.915L1.254 2.25H8.08L12.793 8.481L18.244 2.25ZM17.083 19.77H18.916L7.084 4.126H5.117L17.083 19.77Z'/></svg></span> </div> <span class="social-item-label"> Twitter/X </span> </a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?mini=true&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbio.news%2Ffederal-policy%2Forphan-drug-act-celebrates-40-years-of-driving-the-fight-against-rare-diseases%2F&title=Orphan+Drug+Act%3A+40%2B+years+of+fighting+rare+diseases&source=Bio.News" aria-label="Linkedin" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="ast-inline-flex ast-social-icon-a"> <div style="--color: #1c86c6; --background-color:transparent;" class="ast-social-element ast-linkedin-social-item"> <span class="ahfb-svg-iconset ast-inline-flex svg-baseline"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 448 512'><path d='M100.28 448H7.4V148.9h92.88zM53.79 108.1C24.09 108.1 0 83.5 0 53.8a53.79 53.79 0 0 1 107.58 0c0 29.7-24.1 54.3-53.79 54.3zM447.9 448h-92.68V302.4c0-34.7-.7-79.2-48.29-79.2-48.29 0-55.69 37.7-55.69 76.7V448h-92.78V148.9h89.08v40.8h1.3c12.4-23.5 42.69-48.3 87.88-48.3 94 0 111.28 61.9 111.28 142.3V448z'></path></svg></span> </div> <span class="social-item-label"> Linkedin </span> </a> </div> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content clear" itemprop="text" > <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The Orphan Drug Act (ODA) celebrates its birthday on January 3. The year 2024 marks 41 years of revolutionizing drug development for rare diseases and helping millions of patients in the process.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">More than 25 million Americans have some kind of rare disease, defined as a condition that is shared by fewer than 200,000 other patients in the United States, according to the</span><a href="https://rarediseases.org/the-orphan-drug-act-turns-40-nord-celebrates-its-impact-on-rare-diseases/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. The limited number of patients for each of these diverse diseases makes it hard for drug developers to receive appropriate compensation for the years of time and millions of dollars typically involved in bringing a new drug to market.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">That was the idea behind </span><a href="https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-96/pdf/STATUTE-96-Pg2049.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="font-weight: 400;">the ODA</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">, which has encouraged a dramatic increase in the number of drugs developed for rare diseases.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“Since its enactment in 1983, the number of orphan drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has increased by 1,576%—from just 38 to more than 600 treatments for more than 1,000 rare diseases,”</span><a href="https://www.pharmalive.com/recognizing-the-40th-anniversary-of-the-orphan-drug-act-the-rare-disease-company-coalition-calls-on-policymakers-to-renew-commitment-to-advancing-innovation-for-rare-disease-patients/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">according to the Rare Disease Company Coalition</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The Orphan Drug Act</span><a href="https://www.fda.gov/industry/medical-products-rare-diseases-and-conditions/designating-orphan-product-drugs-and-biological-products" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">gives the</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> FDA authority to grant orphan-drug designation to a drug or biological product targeting a rare disease. The designation qualifies drug developers to receive various incentives, including tax credits, a waiver of FDA user fees, grants for clinical testing, and the opportunity for up to seven years of exclusivity for the new drug,</span> <span style="font-weight: 400;">the FDA says</span><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The ODA has been supplemented by powerful new legislation and policies, including</span><a href="https://www.fda.gov/drugs/nda-and-bla-approvals/accelerated-approval-program" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">the Accelerated Approval pathway</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> and the</span><a href="https://www.congress.gov/107/plaws/publ280/PLAW-107publ280.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">Rare Diseases Act</span></a>.<span style="font-weight: 400;"> </span></p> <h2>How the Orphan Drug Act encourages research</h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The ODA’s incentives have not only encouraged discovery and development of new drugs, they have also enabled research that identified more than 7,000 rare diseases,</span><a href="https://rarediseases.org/the-orphan-drug-act-turns-40-nord-celebrates-its-impact-on-rare-diseases/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">according to</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;"> NORD.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The research has other benefits, as Jim Geraghty, author of “Inside the Orphan Drug Revolution: The Promise of Patient-Centered Biotechnology,” explains </span><a href="https://bio.news/bio-convention/inside-the-orphan-drug-revolution-author-speaks-today-read-an-excerpt-of-the-book/"><span style="font-weight: 400;">in the foreword to his book.</span></a></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“Technologies honed in pursuit of orphan drugs have also had much broader applications—an impact shown vividly when RNA technologies developed in treating rare diseases allowed the creation of COVID-19 vaccines with unprecedented speed,”</span><a href="https://bio.news/bio-convention/inside-the-orphan-drug-revolution-author-speaks-today-read-an-excerpt-of-the-book/"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">Geraghty writes</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. “Insights from rare disease studies are also enabling more effective use of common medicines, allowing them to be tailored to individuals who will actually beneﬁt from them and furthering the long-sought goal of ‘personalized medicine.’”</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">NORD was originally</span><a href="https://rarediseases.org/about-us/#:~:text=NORD%20began%20as%20a%20collective%20of%20patients%20and%20caregivers%20advocating%20for%20the%20Orphan%20Drug%20Act%20in%201983.%20In%20the%20four%20decades%20since%20our%20founding%2C%20NORD%20has%20led%20the%20way%20to%20eliminate%20the%20struggle%20of%20rare%20diseases%20once%20and%20for%20all." target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">formed as a grassroots patient organization promoting the ODA</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">. They were joined by the brothers behind the network TV show “Quincy,” co-producer, Maurice Klugman and star Jack Klugman, who gave celebrity testimony about the law in Congress, according to</span><a href="https://www.fda.gov/industry/fdas-rare-disease-day/story-behind-orphan-drug-act#:~:text=But%20other%20important%20influences,treatment%20of%20rare%20diseases." target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">an FDA historian</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The bill was sponsored by Rep. Henry Waxman (D-Calif.) and signed into law by President Regan on Jan. 4, 1983.</span></p> <h2>Recent changes, more to do</h2> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The omnibus spending legislation passed in December 2022 requires the FDA to create a Rare Disease Endpoint Advancement Pilot Program. The program would “provide increased interaction with sponsors of rare disease drug development programs for purposes of advancing the development of efficacy endpoints, including surrogate and intermediate endpoints, for drugs intended to treat rare diseases,” according to section 3208 </span><a href="https://www.congress.gov/117/bills/hr2617/BILLS-117hr2617enr.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span style="font-weight: 400;">of the new legislation</span></a><span style="font-weight: 400;">.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The use of a “surrogate endpoint,” a laboratory measurement giving a reasonable indication that the drug will work</span><a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3675740/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"> <span style="font-weight: 400;">has been shown to facilitate</span></a> <span style="font-weight: 400;">research in rare diseases, where it is a challenge to recruit patients for clinical trials.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The Orphan Drug Act has done a lot, but more is needed.</span></p> <p><span style="font-weight: 400;">“While it’s important to celebrate these amazing successes, it’s equally important to recognize that we still have a long way to go,” says NORD. Further policy promoting orphan drug development is needed.</span></p> <p>Meanwhile, orphan drugs face additional risk due to the <a href="https://bio.news/health/report-sees-booming-orphan-drug-market-threatened-by-price-controls/">drug price controls in the Inflation Reduction Act</a>. In late 2023, two versions of the <a href="https://bio.news/health/orphan-cures-act-introduced-to-boost-new-rare-disease-drug-development/">ORPHAN Cures Act</a> were introduced in the House and Senate<a href="https://bio.news/health/orphan-cures-act-introduced-to-boost-new-rare-disease-drug-development/">.</a> The bill would change the IRA incentive structure to encourage follow-on investment into orphan drug development. The bill has bipartisan support, <a href="https://bio.news/health/american-biotech-industry-voters-support-orphan-cures-act/">including from voters, and will be key to watch in 2024.</a></p> </div> </div> </article> <div class=" ast-single-author-box ast-author-container--left ast-author-box-position--outside" itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" > <div class="ast-author-meta"> <div class="about-author-title-wrapper"> <h3 class="about-author">About The Author</h3> </div> <div class="ast-author-details"> <div class="post-author-avatar"><img alt='' data-src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/db6ff818d1bddddc375aa35257774dc2?s=100&d=mm&r=g' data-srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/db6ff818d1bddddc375aa35257774dc2?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo lazyload' height='100' width='100' decoding='async' src='data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==' style='--smush-placeholder-width: 100px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 100/100;' /><noscript><img alt='' src='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/db6ff818d1bddddc375aa35257774dc2?s=100&d=mm&r=g' srcset='https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/db6ff818d1bddddc375aa35257774dc2?s=200&d=mm&r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-100 photo' height='100' width='100' decoding='async'/></noscript></div> <div class="post-author-bio"> <a class="url fn n" href="https://bio.news/author/bio-news-staff/" itemprop="url" rel="author" target="_self"> <h4 class="author-title" itemprop="name">Bio.News Staff</h4> </a> <div class="post-author-desc">Read the latest news from the Bio.News staff writers, journalists and content creators specializing in biotech, health care, agriculture, and public policy.</div> </div> </div> </div></div><div class="ast-single-related-posts-container ast-container--fallback"><div class="ast-related-posts-title-section"> <h2 class="ast-related-posts-title"> Related Posts </h2> </div><div class="ast-related-posts-wrapper"> <article class="ast-related-post post-5220 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-bio-convention category-diversity-equity-inclusion category-editors-choice category-health category-latest-news"> <div class="ast-related-posts-inner-section"> <div class="ast-related-post-content"> <div class="ast-related-post-featured-section post-has-thumb"><div class="post-thumb-img-content post-thumb"><a aria-label="Read more about How clinical trial diversity is the path to health equity" href="https://bio.news/health/clinical-trial-diversity-summit-bio-health-equity/"><img width="1024" height="683" data-src="https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/639_JDR_1077-1024x683.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-post-image lazyload" alt="How clinical trial diversity is the path to health equity" itemprop="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/639_JDR_1077-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/639_JDR_1077-350x233.jpg 350w, https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/639_JDR_1077-768x512.jpg 768w, https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/639_JDR_1077-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/639_JDR_1077-2048x1365.jpg 2048w" data-sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024/683;" /><noscript><img width="1024" height="683" src="https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/639_JDR_1077-1024x683.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-post-image" alt="How clinical trial diversity is the path to health equity" itemprop="" decoding="async" srcset="https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/639_JDR_1077-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/639_JDR_1077-350x233.jpg 350w, https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/639_JDR_1077-768x512.jpg 768w, https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/639_JDR_1077-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/639_JDR_1077-2048x1365.jpg 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></noscript></a> </div></div> <header class="entry-header related-entry-header"> <h3 class="ast-related-post-title entry-title"> <a href="https://bio.news/health/clinical-trial-diversity-summit-bio-health-equity/" target="_self" rel="bookmark noopener noreferrer">How clinical trial diversity is the path to health equity</a> </h3> <div class="entry-meta ast-related-cat-style--none ast-related-tag-style--none">By <span class="posted-by vcard author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author"> <a title="View all posts by Bio.News Staff" href="https://bio.news/author/bio-news-staff/" rel="author" class="url fn n" itemprop="url" > <span class="author-name" itemprop="name" > Bio.News Staff </span> </a> </span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content clear"> <p class="ast-related-post-excerpt entry-content clear"> “We are seeing an ongoing lack of participation by diverse groups in trials,” said Wayne Frederick, M.D., MBA, President Emeritus of Howard University and […] </p> <p class="ast-related-post-cta read-more"> <a class="ast-related-post-link ast-button" href="https://bio.news/health/clinical-trial-diversity-summit-bio-health-equity/" aria-label="Related post link" target="_self" rel="bookmark noopener noreferrer">Read More »</a> </p> </div> </div> </div> </article> <article class="ast-related-post post-5221 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-bio-convention category-diversity-equity-inclusion category-health category-latest-news"> <div class="ast-related-posts-inner-section"> <div class="ast-related-post-content"> <div class="ast-related-post-featured-section post-has-thumb"><div class="post-thumb-img-content post-thumb"><a aria-label="Read more about BIO Clinical Trial Diversity Summit explores advancing equity in clinical research" href="https://bio.news/health/2024-bio-clinical-trial-diversity-summit-howard-university/"><img width="1024" height="683" data-src="https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/309_JDR_8984-1024x683.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-post-image lazyload" alt="BIO Clinical Trial Diversity Summit explores advancing equity in clinical research" itemprop="" decoding="async" data-srcset="https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/309_JDR_8984-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/309_JDR_8984-350x233.jpg 350w, https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/309_JDR_8984-768x512.jpg 768w, https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/309_JDR_8984-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/309_JDR_8984-2048x1365.jpg 2048w" data-sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==" style="--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024/683;" /><noscript><img width="1024" height="683" src="https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/309_JDR_8984-1024x683.jpg" class="attachment-large size-large wp-post-image" alt="BIO Clinical Trial Diversity Summit explores advancing equity in clinical research" itemprop="" decoding="async" srcset="https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/309_JDR_8984-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/309_JDR_8984-350x233.jpg 350w, https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/309_JDR_8984-768x512.jpg 768w, https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/309_JDR_8984-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/309_JDR_8984-2048x1365.jpg 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></noscript></a> </div></div> <header class="entry-header related-entry-header"> <h3 class="ast-related-post-title entry-title"> <a href="https://bio.news/health/2024-bio-clinical-trial-diversity-summit-howard-university/" target="_self" rel="bookmark noopener noreferrer">BIO Clinical Trial Diversity Summit explores advancing equity in clinical research</a> </h3> <div class="entry-meta ast-related-cat-style--none ast-related-tag-style--none">By <span class="posted-by vcard author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person" itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author"> <a title="View all posts by Samantha Sault" href="https://bio.news/author/samanthasault/" rel="author" class="url fn n" itemprop="url" > <span class="author-name" itemprop="name" > Samantha Sault </span> </a> </span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content clear"> <p class="ast-related-post-excerpt entry-content clear"> On November 19, the Biotechnology Innovation Organization (BIO) Clinical Trial Diversity Summit brought together a dynamic mix of researchers, industry leaders, policymakers, and community […] </p> <p class="ast-related-post-cta read-more"> <a class="ast-related-post-link ast-button" href="https://bio.news/health/2024-bio-clinical-trial-diversity-summit-howard-university/" aria-label="Related post link" target="_self" rel="bookmark noopener noreferrer">Read More »</a> </p> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="widget-area secondary" id="secondary" itemtype="https://schema.org/WPSideBar" itemscope="itemscope"> <div class="sidebar-main" > <aside id="block-8" class="widget widget_block widget_search"><form role="search" method="get" action="https://bio.news/" class="wp-block-search__button-outside wp-block-search__text-button wp-block-search" ><label class="wp-block-search__label screen-reader-text" for="wp-block-search__input-1" >Search</label><div class="wp-block-search__inside-wrapper " ><input class="wp-block-search__input" id="wp-block-search__input-1" placeholder="Search bio.news ..." value="" type="search" name="s" required /><button aria-label="GO" class="wp-block-search__button wp-element-button" type="submit" >GO</button></div></form></aside><aside id="block-10" class="widget widget_block"> <div class="wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="h-categories">Categories</h2> <ul style="margin-right:0;margin-left:0;margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);" class="wp-block-categories-list wp-block-categories"> <li class="cat-item cat-item-5"><a href="https://bio.news/category/agriculture/">Agriculture</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-13"><a href="https://bio.news/category/bio-convention/">BIO Events</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-36"><a href="https://bio.news/category/bio-member-think-tank/">BIO Member Think Tank</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-10"><a href="https://bio.news/category/bios-view/">BIO's View</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-14"><a href="https://bio.news/category/bioeconomy/">Bioeconomy</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-15"><a href="https://bio.news/category/biomanufacturing/">Biomanufacturing</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-35"><a href="https://bio.news/category/biosecurity/">Biosecurity</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-6"><a href="https://bio.news/category/climate-change/">Climate Change</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-16"><a href="https://bio.news/category/diversity-equity-inclusion/">Diversity, Equity, Inclusion</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-17"><a href="https://bio.news/category/editors-choice/">Editors' Choice</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-7"><a href="https://bio.news/category/federal-policy/">Federal Policy</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-4"><a href="https://bio.news/category/health/">Health</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-9"><a href="https://bio.news/category/international/">International</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-18"><a href="https://bio.news/category/latest-news/">Latest News</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-8"><a href="https://bio.news/category/state-policy/">State Policy</a> </li> </ul></div> </aside> </div> </div> </div>  </div> <footer class="site-footer" id="colophon" itemtype="https://schema.org/WPFooter" itemscope="itemscope" itemid="#colophon"> <div class="site-above-footer-wrap ast-builder-grid-row-container site-footer-focus-item ast-builder-grid-row-full ast-builder-grid-row-tablet-full ast-builder-grid-row-mobile-full ast-footer-row-stack ast-footer-row-tablet-stack ast-footer-row-mobile-stack" data-section="section-above-footer-builder"> <div class="ast-builder-grid-row-container-inner"> <div class="ast-builder-footer-grid-columns site-above-footer-inner-wrap ast-builder-grid-row"> <div class="site-footer-above-section-1 site-footer-section site-footer-section-1"> <div class="footer-widget-area widget-area site-footer-focus-item" data-section="section-footer-menu"> <div class="footer-bar-navigation"><nav class="site-navigation ast-flex-grow-1 navigation-accessibility footer-navigation" id="footer-site-navigation" aria-label="Site Navigation: Footer Menu" itemtype="https://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement" itemscope="itemscope"><div class="footer-nav-wrap"><ul id="astra-footer-menu" class="ast-nav-menu ast-flex astra-footer-horizontal-menu astra-footer-tablet-vertical-menu astra-footer-mobile-vertical-menu"><li id="menu-item-57" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-57"><a href="https://bio.news/about/" class="menu-link">About</a></li> <li id="menu-item-56" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-56"><a href="https://bio.news/privacy-policy/" class="menu-link">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-54" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-54"><a href="https://bio.news/terms-of-use/" class="menu-link">Terms of Use</a></li> <li id="menu-item-55" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-55"><a href="https://bio.news/contact/" class="menu-link">Contact</a></li> </ul></div></nav></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="site-primary-footer-wrap ast-builder-grid-row-container site-footer-focus-item ast-builder-grid-row-full ast-builder-grid-row-tablet-full ast-builder-grid-row-mobile-full ast-footer-row-inline ast-footer-row-tablet-stack ast-footer-row-mobile-stack" data-section="section-primary-footer-builder"> <div class="ast-builder-grid-row-container-inner"> <div class="ast-builder-footer-grid-columns site-primary-footer-inner-wrap ast-builder-grid-row"> <div class="site-footer-primary-section-1 site-footer-section site-footer-section-1"> <div class="ast-builder-layout-element ast-flex site-footer-focus-item" data-section="section-fb-social-icons-1"> <div class="ast-footer-social-1-wrap ast-footer-social-wrap"><div class="footer-social-inner-wrap element-social-inner-wrap social-show-label-false ast-social-color-type-custom ast-social-stack-none ast-social-element-style-filled"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/IAmBiotech" aria-label=Facebook target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="--color: #557dbc; --background-color: transparent;" class="ast-builder-social-element ast-inline-flex ast-facebook footer-social-item"><span class="ahfb-svg-iconset ast-inline-flex svg-baseline"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 448 512'><path d='M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z'></path></svg></span></a><a href="https://twitter.com/iambiotech" aria-label=Twitter/X target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="--color: #7acdee; --background-color: transparent;" class="ast-builder-social-element ast-inline-flex ast-twitter footer-social-item"><span class="ahfb-svg-iconset ast-inline-flex svg-baseline"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24'><path d='M18.244 2.25H21.552L14.325 10.51L22.827 21.75H16.17L10.956 14.933L4.99 21.75H1.68L9.41 12.915L1.254 2.25H8.08L12.793 8.481L18.244 2.25ZM17.083 19.77H18.916L7.084 4.126H5.117L17.083 19.77Z'/></svg></span></a><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/biotechnology-innovation-organization/%20" aria-label=LinkedIn target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="--color: #8a3ab9; --background-color: transparent;" class="ast-builder-social-element ast-inline-flex ast-instagram footer-social-item"><span class="ahfb-svg-iconset ast-inline-flex svg-baseline"><svg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 448 512'><path d='M416 32H31.9C14.3 32 0 46.5 0 64.3v383.4C0 465.5 14.3 480 31.9 480H416c17.6 0 32-14.5 32-32.3V64.3c0-17.8-14.4-32.3-32-32.3zM135.4 416H69V202.2h66.5V416zm-33.2-243c-21.3 0-38.5-17.3-38.5-38.5S80.9 96 102.2 96c21.2 0 38.5 17.3 38.5 38.5 0 21.3-17.2 38.5-38.5 38.5zm282.1 243h-66.4V312c0-24.8-.5-56.7-34.5-56.7-34.6 0-39.9 27-39.9 54.9V416h-66.4V202.2h63.7v29.2h.9c8.9-16.8 30.6-34.5 62.9-34.5 67.2 0 79.7 44.3 79.7 101.9V416z'></path></svg></span></a></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="site-below-footer-wrap ast-builder-grid-row-container site-footer-focus-item ast-builder-grid-row-full ast-builder-grid-row-tablet-full ast-builder-grid-row-mobile-full ast-footer-row-stack ast-footer-row-tablet-stack ast-footer-row-mobile-stack" data-section="section-below-footer-builder"> <div class="ast-builder-grid-row-container-inner"> <div class="ast-builder-footer-grid-columns site-below-footer-inner-wrap ast-builder-grid-row"> <div class="site-footer-below-section-1 site-footer-section site-footer-section-1"> <div class="ast-builder-layout-element ast-flex site-footer-focus-item ast-footer-copyright" data-section="section-footer-builder"> <div class="ast-footer-copyright"><p>Copyright © 2024 Bio.News</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <div class="ast-search-box full-screen ast-full-search-style--dark" id="ast-seach-full-screen-form"> <span id="close" class="close" tabindex="3"><span class="ast-icon icon-close"><svg viewBox="0 0 512 512" aria-hidden="true" role="img" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="18px" height="18px"> <path d="M71.029 71.029c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0L256 222.059l151.029-151.03c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0 9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942L289.941 256l151.03 151.029c9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0L256 289.941l-151.029 151.03c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942L222.059 256 71.029 104.971c-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942z" /> </svg></span></span> <div class="ast-search-wrapper"> <div class="ast-container"> <h3 class="large-search-text">Start typing and press enter to search</h3> <form class="search-form" action="https://bio.news/" method="get"> <fieldset> <span class="text"> <label for="search-field" class="screen-reader-text">Search …</label> <input id="search-field" name="s" class="search-field" autocomplete="off" type="text" value="" placeholder="Search …" tabindex="1"> </span> <button aria-label="Search" id="search_submit" class="button search-submit" tabindex="2"><i class="astra-search-icon"> <span class="ast-icon icon-search"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="-893 488 142 142" enable-background="new -888 480 142 142" xml:space="preserve"> <path d="M-787.4,568.7h-6.3l-2.4-2.4c7.9-8.7,12.6-20.5,12.6-33.1c0-28.4-22.9-51.3-51.3-51.3 c-28.4,0-51.3,22.9-51.3,51.3c0,28.4,22.9,51.3,51.3,51.3c12.6,0,24.4-4.7,33.1-12.6l2.4,2.4v6.3l39.4,39.4l11.8-11.8L-787.4,568.7 L-787.4,568.7z M-834.7,568.7c-19.7,0-35.5-15.8-35.5-35.5c0-19.7,15.8-35.5,35.5-35.5c19.7,0,35.5,15.8,35.5,35.5 C-799.3,553-815,568.7-834.7,568.7L-834.7,568.7z"/> </svg></span> </i></button> </fieldset> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="ast-scroll-top" tabindex="0" class="ast-scroll-top-icon ast-scroll-to-top-right" data-on-devices="both"> <span class="ast-icon icon-arrow"><svg class="ast-arrow-svg" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" width="26px" height="16.043px" viewBox="57 35.171 26 16.043" enable-background="new 57 35.171 26 16.043" xml:space="preserve"> <path d="M57.5,38.193l12.5,12.5l12.5-12.5l-2.5-2.5l-10,10l-10-10L57.5,38.193z"/> </svg></span> <span class="screen-reader-text">Scroll to Top</span> </div> <script type='text/javascript'> const lazyloadRunObserver = () => { const lazyloadBackgrounds = document.querySelectorAll( `.e-con.e-parent:not(.e-lazyloaded)` ); const lazyloadBackgroundObserver = new IntersectionObserver( ( entries ) => { entries.forEach( ( entry ) => { if ( entry.isIntersecting ) { let lazyloadBackground = entry.target; if( lazyloadBackground ) { lazyloadBackground.classList.add( 'e-lazyloaded' ); } lazyloadBackgroundObserver.unobserve( entry.target ); } }); }, { rootMargin: '200px 0px 200px 0px' } ); lazyloadBackgrounds.forEach( ( lazyloadBackground ) => { lazyloadBackgroundObserver.observe( lazyloadBackground ); } ); }; const events = [ 'DOMContentLoaded', 'elementor/lazyload/observe', ]; events.forEach( ( event ) => { document.addEventListener( event, lazyloadRunObserver ); } ); </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='astra-addon-megamenu-dynamic-css' href='https://bio.news/wp-content/plugins/astra-addon/addons/nav-menu/assets/css/minified/magamenu-frontend.min.css?ver=4.8.0' media='all' /> <style id='astra-addon-megamenu-dynamic-inline-css'> .ast-desktop .menu-item-105 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-105, .ast-header-break-point .menu-item-105 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-105{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;line-height:0;margin:5px;}.ast-desktop .menu-item-105 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-105 svg, .ast-header-break-point .menu-item-105 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-105 svg{color:var(--ast-global-color-0);fill:var(--ast-global-color-0);width:20px;height:20px;}.ast-desktop .menu-item-106 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-106, .ast-header-break-point .menu-item-106 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-106{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;line-height:0;margin:5px;}.ast-desktop .menu-item-106 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-106 svg, .ast-header-break-point .menu-item-106 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-106 svg{color:var(--ast-global-color-0);fill:var(--ast-global-color-0);width:20px;height:20px;}.ast-desktop .menu-item-32 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-32, .ast-header-break-point .menu-item-32 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-32{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;line-height:0;margin:5px;}.ast-desktop .menu-item-32 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-32 svg, .ast-header-break-point .menu-item-32 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-32 svg{color:var(--ast-global-color-0);fill:var(--ast-global-color-0);width:20px;height:20px;}.ast-desktop .menu-item-38 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-38, .ast-header-break-point .menu-item-38 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-38{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;line-height:0;margin:5px;}.ast-desktop .menu-item-38 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-38 svg, .ast-header-break-point .menu-item-38 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-38 svg{color:var(--ast-global-color-0);fill:var(--ast-global-color-0);width:20px;height:20px;}.ast-desktop .menu-item-34 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-34, .ast-header-break-point .menu-item-34 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-34{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;line-height:0;margin:5px;}.ast-desktop .menu-item-34 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-34 svg, .ast-header-break-point .menu-item-34 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-34 svg{color:var(--ast-global-color-0);fill:var(--ast-global-color-0);width:20px;height:20px;}.ast-desktop .menu-item-36 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-36, .ast-header-break-point .menu-item-36 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-36{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;line-height:0;margin:5px;}.ast-desktop .menu-item-36 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-36 svg, .ast-header-break-point .menu-item-36 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-36 svg{color:var(--ast-global-color-0);fill:var(--ast-global-color-0);width:20px;height:20px;}.ast-desktop .menu-item-37 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-37, .ast-header-break-point .menu-item-37 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-37{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;line-height:0;margin:5px;}.ast-desktop .menu-item-37 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-37 svg, .ast-header-break-point .menu-item-37 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-37 svg{color:var(--ast-global-color-0);fill:var(--ast-global-color-0);width:20px;height:20px;}.ast-desktop .menu-item-40 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-40, .ast-header-break-point .menu-item-40 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-40{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;line-height:0;margin:5px;}.ast-desktop .menu-item-40 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-40 svg, .ast-header-break-point .menu-item-40 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-40 svg{color:var(--ast-global-color-0);fill:var(--ast-global-color-0);width:20px;height:20px;}.ast-desktop .menu-item-39 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-39, .ast-header-break-point .menu-item-39 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-39{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;line-height:0;margin:5px;}.ast-desktop .menu-item-39 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-39 svg, .ast-header-break-point .menu-item-39 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-39 svg{color:var(--ast-global-color-0);fill:var(--ast-global-color-0);width:20px;height:20px;}.ast-desktop .menu-item-35 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-35, .ast-header-break-point .menu-item-35 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-35{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;line-height:0;margin:5px;}.ast-desktop .menu-item-35 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-35 svg, .ast-header-break-point .menu-item-35 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-35 svg{color:var(--ast-global-color-0);fill:var(--ast-global-color-0);width:20px;height:20px;}.ast-desktop .menu-item-31 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-31, .ast-header-break-point .menu-item-31 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-31{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;line-height:0;margin:5px;}.ast-desktop .menu-item-31 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-31 svg, .ast-header-break-point .menu-item-31 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-31 svg{color:var(--ast-global-color-0);fill:var(--ast-global-color-0);width:20px;height:20px;}.ast-desktop .menu-item-32 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-32, .ast-header-break-point .menu-item-32 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-32{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;line-height:0;margin:5px;}.ast-desktop .menu-item-32 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-32 svg, .ast-header-break-point .menu-item-32 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-32 svg{color:var(--ast-global-color-0);fill:var(--ast-global-color-0);width:20px;height:20px;}.ast-desktop .menu-item-38 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-38, .ast-header-break-point .menu-item-38 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-38{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;line-height:0;margin:5px;}.ast-desktop .menu-item-38 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-38 svg, .ast-header-break-point .menu-item-38 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-38 svg{color:var(--ast-global-color-0);fill:var(--ast-global-color-0);width:20px;height:20px;}.ast-desktop .menu-item-34 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-34, .ast-header-break-point .menu-item-34 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-34{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;line-height:0;margin:5px;}.ast-desktop .menu-item-34 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-34 svg, .ast-header-break-point .menu-item-34 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-34 svg{color:var(--ast-global-color-0);fill:var(--ast-global-color-0);width:20px;height:20px;}.ast-desktop .menu-item-36 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-36, .ast-header-break-point .menu-item-36 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-36{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;line-height:0;margin:5px;}.ast-desktop .menu-item-36 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-36 svg, .ast-header-break-point .menu-item-36 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-36 svg{color:var(--ast-global-color-0);fill:var(--ast-global-color-0);width:20px;height:20px;}.ast-desktop .menu-item-37 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-37, .ast-header-break-point .menu-item-37 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-37{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;line-height:0;margin:5px;}.ast-desktop .menu-item-37 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-37 svg, .ast-header-break-point .menu-item-37 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-37 svg{color:var(--ast-global-color-0);fill:var(--ast-global-color-0);width:20px;height:20px;}.ast-desktop .menu-item-40 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-40, .ast-header-break-point .menu-item-40 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-40{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;line-height:0;margin:5px;}.ast-desktop .menu-item-40 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-40 svg, .ast-header-break-point .menu-item-40 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-40 svg{color:var(--ast-global-color-0);fill:var(--ast-global-color-0);width:20px;height:20px;}.ast-desktop .menu-item-39 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-39, .ast-header-break-point .menu-item-39 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-39{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;line-height:0;margin:5px;}.ast-desktop .menu-item-39 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-39 svg, .ast-header-break-point .menu-item-39 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-39 svg{color:var(--ast-global-color-0);fill:var(--ast-global-color-0);width:20px;height:20px;}.ast-desktop .menu-item-35 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-35, .ast-header-break-point .menu-item-35 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-35{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;line-height:0;margin:5px;}.ast-desktop .menu-item-35 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-35 svg, .ast-header-break-point .menu-item-35 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-35 svg{color:var(--ast-global-color-0);fill:var(--ast-global-color-0);width:20px;height:20px;}.ast-desktop .menu-item-31 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-31, .ast-header-break-point .menu-item-31 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-31{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;line-height:0;margin:5px;}.ast-desktop .menu-item-31 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-31 svg, .ast-header-break-point .menu-item-31 .astra-mm-icon-label.icon-item-31 svg{color:var(--ast-global-color-0);fill:var(--ast-global-color-0);width:20px;height:20px;} </style> <script id="astra-theme-js-js-extra"> var astra = {"break_point":"921","isRtl":"","is_scroll_to_id":"","is_scroll_to_top":"1","is_header_footer_builder_active":"1","revealEffectEnable":"","edit_post_url":"https:\/\/bio.news\/wp-admin\/post.php?post={{id}}&action=edit","ajax_url":"https:\/\/bio.news\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","infinite_count":"2","infinite_total":"0","pagination":"number","infinite_scroll_event":"scroll","no_more_post_message":"No more posts to show.","grid_layout":"2","site_url":"https:\/\/bio.news","blogArchiveTitleLayout":"","blogArchiveTitleOn":"","show_comments":"Show Comments","masonryEnabled":"","blogMasonryBreakPoint":"921"}; </script> <script src="https://bio.news/wp-content/themes/astra/assets/js/minified/frontend.min.js?ver=4.7.1" id="astra-theme-js-js"></script> <script id="astra-addon-js-js-extra"> var astraAddon = {"sticky_active":"1","svgIconClose":"<span class=\"ast-icon icon-close\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"img\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" width=\"18px\" height=\"18px\">\n <path d=\"M71.029 71.029c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0L256 222.059l151.029-151.03c9.373-9.372 24.569-9.372 33.942 0 9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942L289.941 256l151.03 151.029c9.372 9.373 9.372 24.569 0 33.942-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0L256 289.941l-151.029 151.03c-9.373 9.372-24.569 9.372-33.942 0-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942L222.059 256 71.029 104.971c-9.372-9.373-9.372-24.569 0-33.942z\" \/>\n <\/svg><\/span>","hf_account_show_menu_on":"hover","hf_account_action_type":"link","header_main_stick":"1","header_above_stick":"0","header_below_stick":"0","stick_header_meta":"","header_main_stick_meta":"","header_above_stick_meta":"","header_below_stick_meta":"","sticky_header_on_devices":"desktop","sticky_header_style":"none","sticky_hide_on_scroll":"0","break_point":"921","tablet_break_point":"921","mobile_break_point":"544","header_main_shrink":"1","header_logo_width":"","responsive_header_logo_width":{"desktop":200,"tablet":"","mobile":""},"stick_origin_position":"","site_layout":"ast-full-width-layout","site_content_width":"1340","site_layout_padded_width":"1200","site_layout_box_width":"1200","header_builder_active":"1","component_limit":"10","is_header_builder_active":"1"}; </script> <script src="https://bio.news/wp-content/uploads/astra-addon/astra-addon-66c5a7fd7becc0-85760755.js?ver=4.8.0" id="astra-addon-js-js"></script> <script src="https://bio.news/wp-content/plugins/wp-smushit/app/assets/js/smush-lazy-load.min.js?ver=3.16.6" id="smush-lazy-load-js"></script> <script> /(trident|msie)/i.test(navigator.userAgent)&&document.getElementById&&window.addEventListener&&window.addEventListener("hashchange",function(){var t,e=location.hash.substring(1);/^[A-z0-9_-]+$/.test(e)&&(t=document.getElementById(e))&&(/^(?:a|select|input|button|textarea)$/i.test(t.tagName)||(t.tabIndex=-1),t.focus())},!1); </script>   </div> </body> </html>