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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Flora MacNeil</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Flora MacNeil</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">6 October 1928<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Castlebay" title="Castlebay">Castlebay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barra" title="Barra">Barra</a>, Scotland</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">15 May 2015 (aged 86)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p><b>Flora MacNeil, <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Most_Excellent_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire">MBE</a></b> (6 October 1928 – 15 May 2015)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a> <a href="/wiki/Traditional_singer" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional singer">Traditional singer</a>. MacNeil gained prominence after meeting <a href="/wiki/Alan_Lomax" title="Alan Lomax">Alan Lomax</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hamish_Henderson" title="Hamish Henderson">Hamish Henderson</a> during the early 1950s, and continued to perform into her later years. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_MacNeil&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>MacNeil was born in 1928 into a Gaelic-speaking and <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Scotland" title="Catholic Church in Scotland">Roman Catholic</a> family inside her parents' <a href="/wiki/Crofting" title="Crofting">croft</a> at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ledag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ledag (page does not exist)">Ledag</a>, <a href="/wiki/Castlebay" title="Castlebay">Castlebay</a>, on the island of <a href="/wiki/Barra" title="Barra">Barra</a>, which is sometimes called, "the island the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Reformation" title="Scottish Reformation">Reformation</a> never reached". There were singers on both sides of the MacNeil family, but the menfolk were often away at sea for long periods, leaving the women to raise the children and tend the croft – while constantly singing to assuage their labours. Her mother was Ann Gillies. Her father, Seumas MacNeil, worked as a fisherman and died when Flora was 14.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In these pre-television and pre-radio days, <a href="/wiki/Ceilidh" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceilidh">ceilidhs</a> were a regular occurrence on Barra, and from earliest childhood MacNeil later remembered "soaking up" literally hundreds of songs, as if by osmosis. While most of MacNeil's repertoire was learned from her mother,<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> one of Flora's other sources was her mother's cousin, Mary Johnstone. Johnstone's parents had lived locally, but had been evicted during the <a href="/wiki/Highland_Clearances" title="Highland Clearances">Highland Clearances</a>. They had moved first to <a href="/wiki/Barra_Head" title="Barra Head">Bernerary</a> and then to <a href="/wiki/Mingulay" title="Mingulay">Mingulay</a>, before their daughter moved back to her ancestral district on <a href="/wiki/Barra" title="Barra">Barra</a>. In later years, Johnstone would regularly visit Flora's mother and often sang at local ceilidhs and, for this reason, Flora's repertoire also included many Gaelic songs from both Benerary and Mingulay.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> By age four, famously, MacNeil was already tackling the sophisticated <a href="/wiki/Jacobitism" title="Jacobitism">Jacobite</a> <a href="/wiki/War_poet" class="mw-redirect" title="War poet">war poetry</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/Mo_r%C3%B9n_geal_%C3%B2g" title="Mo rùn geal òg">Mo rùn geal òg</a></i> ("My Fair Young Love"), one of the <i>Òrain Mòr</i>, or "Big Songs".</p><blockquote><p>"Traditional songs tended to run in families and I was fortunate that my mother and her family had a great love for the poetry and the music of the old songs. It was natural for them to sing, whatever they were doing at the time or whatever mood they were in. My aunt Mary, in particular, was always ready, at any time I called on her, to drop whatever she was doing, to discuss a song with me, and perhaps, in this way, long forgotten verses would be recollected. So I learned a great many songs at an early age without any conscious effort. As is to be expected on a small island, so many songs deal with the sea, but, of course, many of them may not originally be Barra songs. Nevertheless the old songs were preserved more in the southernmost islands of Barra and <a href="/wiki/South_Uist" title="South Uist">South Uist</a> possibly because the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland" title="Church of Scotland">Reformed Church</a> tended to discourage music elsewhere."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Music_career">Music career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_MacNeil&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Music career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Following her father's death, a 14-year old Flora left school to work in the island's telephone exchange to help provide for her family. In 1949, the Post Office offered her a position in <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, where she immediately moved. Word of MacNeil's talents as a Gaelic singer had already preceded her and she was embraced by Edinburgh <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Great_Britain" title="Communist Party of Great Britain">Communist</a> poets and folk song promoters <a href="/wiki/Hugh_MacDiarmid" title="Hugh MacDiarmid">Hugh MacDiarmid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamish_Henderson" title="Hamish Henderson">Hamish Henderson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sorley_MacLean" title="Sorley MacLean">Sorley MacLean</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With their assistance, she found a public platform in the burgeoning round of Edinburgh <a href="/wiki/Ceilidh" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceilidh">ceilidhs</a> and concerts that marked the first stirrings of the <a href="/wiki/British_folk_revival" title="British folk revival">British folk revival</a>. Sorley MacLean and <a href="/wiki/Hamish_Henderson" title="Hamish Henderson">Hamish Henderson</a> also arranged for American musicologist <a href="/wiki/Alan_Lomax" title="Alan Lomax">Alan Lomax</a> to meet MacNeil and record her singing.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When Lomax first arrived in Scotland in June 1951, he later recalled, "It was in Edinburgh one June night in the house of <a href="/wiki/Sorley_MacLean" title="Sorley MacLean">Sorley MacLean</a>, a poet, that Scotland really took hold of me. A blue-eyed girl from the Hebrides was singing." The girl was Flora MacNeil and the song was <i>Cairistiona</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flora_Macneil.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flora_Macneil.jpg/239px-Flora_Macneil.jpg" decoding="async" width="239" height="367" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flora_Macneil.jpg/359px-Flora_Macneil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Flora_Macneil.jpg/478px-Flora_Macneil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1960" data-file-height="3008" /></a><figcaption>MacNeil in 2006</figcaption></figure> <p>Henderson also invited MacNeil to perform at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=1951_Edinburgh_People%27s_Festival_Ceilidh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1951 Edinburgh People's Festival Ceilidh (page does not exist)">1951 Edinburgh People's Festival Ceilidh</a>. The ceilidh brought <a href="/wiki/Scottish_traditional_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish traditional music">Scottish traditional music</a> to a large public stage for the first time inside Edinburgh's <a href="/wiki/Oddfellows" class="mw-redirect" title="Oddfellows">Oddfellows</a> Hall and continued long afterwards at <a href="/wiki/St_Columba%27s-by-the-Castle" title="St Columba's-by-the-Castle">St. Columba's Church</a> Hall in August 1951. The Scottish <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A0idhealtachd" title="Gàidhealtachd">Gàidhealtachd</a> was represented at by Flora MacNeil, fellow Barra native <a href="/w/index.php?title=Calum_Johnston_(singer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Calum Johnston (singer) (page does not exist)">Calum Johnston</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Burgess_(bagpiper)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Burgess (bagpiper)">John Burgess</a>. The music was recorded live at the scene by Alan Lomax.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the Ceilidh, two Scottish Gaelic songs about the <a href="/wiki/Jacobite_rising_of_1745" title="Jacobite rising of 1745">Jacobite rising of 1745</a> were performed onstage. <a href="/wiki/Barra" title="Barra">Barra</a>-native Calum Johnston, who was "keen to show his own admiration for [the] poet and for the <a href="/wiki/Scottish_clan" title="Scottish clan">Highlanders</a> who fought for <a href="/wiki/Charles_Edward_Stuart" title="Charles Edward Stuart">Charlie</a>", delivered a passionate rendition of <a href="/wiki/Alasdair_Mac_Mhaighstir_Alasdair" class="mw-redirect" title="Alasdair Mac Mhaighstir Alasdair">Alasdair Mac Mhaighstir Alasdair</a>'s <i>Òran Eile don Phrionnsa</i> ("Another Song to the Prince").<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Flora MacNeil then performed, <i><a href="/wiki/Mo_r%C3%B9n_geal_%C3%B2g" title="Mo rùn geal òg">Mo rùn geal òg</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Christine_Ferguson" class="mw-redirect" title="Christine Ferguson">Christine Ferguson</a>'s lament for her husband, William Chisholm of <a href="/wiki/Strathglass" title="Strathglass">Strathglass</a>, who fell as part of the <a href="/wiki/Jacobite_Army_(1745)" title="Jacobite Army (1745)">Jacobite Army</a> while bearing the standard of <a href="/wiki/Clan_Chisholm" title="Clan Chisholm">Clan Chisholm</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Culloden" title="Battle of Culloden">Battle of Culloden</a> in 1746.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the performance of several <a href="/wiki/Border_ballads" class="mw-redirect" title="Border ballads">border ballads</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Traveller" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Traveller">Scottish Traveller</a> songs, Henderson announced that the concert goers were, "due back in the Western Highlands". Flora MacNeil then performed the <a href="/wiki/Waulking_song" title="Waulking song">Waulking song</a> <i>Cò siod thall air stràid na h-eala?</i> ("Who is That Yonder on the Swan Road?").<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MacNeil then performed the Gaelic lament, <i>Mo nighean donn bhòidheach</i> ("My Lovely Brown-Haired Girl").<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Towards the end of the Ceilidh, master of ceremonies <a href="/wiki/Hamish_Henderson" title="Hamish Henderson">Hamish Henderson</a> announced that Calum Johnston would be performing <a href="/wiki/Roderick_Morison" title="Roderick Morison">Roderick Morison</a>'s <i>Òran do MhacLeoid Dhunbheagain</i> ("A Song to MacLeod of Dunvegan"). The song had been composed as a rebuke to <a href="/wiki/Norman_MacLeod_(The_Wicked_Man)" title="Norman MacLeod (The Wicked Man)">Norman MacLeod</a>, 22nd <a href="/wiki/Scottish_clan_chief" title="Scottish clan chief">Chief</a> of <a href="/wiki/Clan_MacLeod" title="Clan MacLeod">Clan MacLeod</a>, for not fulfilling "the obligations of his office". Instead of patronizing the Bards and holding feasts at <a href="/wiki/Dunvegan_Castle" title="Dunvegan Castle">Dunvegan Castle</a> for his clansmen, the Chief had become an <a href="/wiki/Absentee_landlord" title="Absentee landlord">absentee landlord</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, who "spent his money on foppish clothes". Instead, Morison urged the Chief in vain to emulate his predecessors.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Henderson said of the song, "it's one of the great songs in the Gaelic tongue, and the poetic concept in it is very great. The poet says that he left the castle, and he found on the slopes of the mountain the echo of past mirth, the echo of his own singing. And he then has a conversation with the echo about the fate of the House of MacLeod."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a further declaration of the pro-Soviet sympathies of the organizers, Henderson ended the Ceilidh by singing a <a href="/wiki/Scots_language" title="Scots language">Scots language</a> tribute, set to the tune of <i><a href="/wiki/Scotland_the_Brave" title="Scotland the Brave">Scotland the Brave</a></i>, to <a href="/wiki/John_Maclean_(Scottish_socialist)" title="John Maclean (Scottish socialist)">John Maclean</a>, a major figure in the <a href="/wiki/Red_Clydeside" title="Red Clydeside">Red Clydeside</a> era, whom the text inaccurately claimed as the <i>fiere</i>, or comrade, of <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a> and the "mate" of <a href="/wiki/Karl_Liebknecht" title="Karl Liebknecht">Karl Liebknecht</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Henderson then concluded the Ceilidh by singing what was then Scotland's <i>de facto</i> <a href="/wiki/National_anthem" title="National anthem">national anthem</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Scots_Wha_Hae" title="Scots Wha Hae">Scots Wha Hae</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns" title="Robert Burns">Robert Burns</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until 1954, the Edinburgh People's Festival Ceilidhs were an annual event. Eventually, however, the fact that Henderson and many other board members and organizers were members of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Great_Britain" title="Communist Party of Great Britain">Communist Party of Great Britain</a> caused the Ceilidhs to lose the backing and involvement of all members of both the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> and the Scottish Congress of Trade Unions.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1975, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Kennedy_(folklorist)" title="Peter Kennedy (folklorist)">Peter Kennedy</a> acknowledged MacNeil as the source for each of the 24 Scottish Gaelic songs which appeared in his volume <i>Folksongs of Britain and Ireland</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Flora MacNeil recorded two albums, <i>Craobh nan Ubhal</i> in 1976 (reissued in 1993) and <i>Orain Floraidh</i> in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While performing in 2000 at the annual Christmas Island Ceilidh in <a href="/wiki/Cape_Breton,_Nova_Scotia" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Breton, Nova Scotia">Cape Breton, Nova Scotia</a>, MacNeil spread her arms wide and cried, "You are my people!" The hundreds of Canadian-born <a href="/wiki/Gaels" title="Gaels">Gaels</a> in the audience erupted into loud cheers.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2005, Alan Lomax's recording of the 1951 Ceilidh was released for purchase on <a href="/wiki/Compact_disc" title="Compact disc">compact disc</a> by <a href="/wiki/Rounder_Records" title="Rounder Records">Rounder Records</a>. This and all of Lomax's other recordings have since been digitized and made available online by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Association_for_Cultural_Equity&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Association for Cultural Equity (page does not exist)">Association for Cultural Equity</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_MacNeil&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1955, Flora MacNeil married fellow <a href="/wiki/Barra" title="Barra">Barra</a> native, Alister MacInnes, who worked as a lawyer in <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>, where the couple raised their five children; Kenneth, Cairistiona, Seumas, Maggie and Donald.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_legacy">Death and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_MacNeil&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Death and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Flora MacNeil died after a short illness on 15 May 2015, aged 86.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Numerous Gaelic <a href="/wiki/Traditional_singer" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional singer">traditional singers</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Karen_Matheson" title="Karen Matheson">Karen Matheson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Julie_Fowlis" title="Julie Fowlis">Julie Fowlis</a> have cited MacNeil as an important influence on their careers. </p><p>Flora's daughter, <a href="/wiki/Maggie_MacInnes" title="Maggie MacInnes">Maggie MacInnes</a>, is also a Gaelic traditional singer and harpist.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_MacNeil&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBrian_Wilson2015" class="citation web cs1">Brian Wilson (20 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/2015/may/20/flora-macneil">"Flora MacNeil obituary"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Flora+MacNeil+obituary&rft.date=2015-05-20&rft.au=Brian+Wilson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmusic%2F2015%2Fmay%2F20%2Fflora-macneil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlora+MacNeil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbc_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-32763529">"Flora MacNeil, the "Queen of Gaelic singers", dies at the age of 86"</a>. BBC News. 16 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Flora+MacNeil%2C+the+%22Queen+of+Gaelic+singers%22%2C+dies+at+the+age+of+86&rft.date=2015-05-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-scotland-32763529&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlora+MacNeil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">'<i><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a><b></b></i></span><i><b> <span class="reference-text">Edited by Eberhard Bort (2011), </span></b>Tis Sixty Years Since: The 1951 Edinburgh People's Festival Ceilidh and the Scottish Folk Revival</i>, pages 75-80. </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.footstompin.com/artists/flora_macneil">"Hands Up for Trad – Scottish traditional music for all"</a>. Footstompin.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hands+Up+for+Trad+%E2%80%93+Scottish+traditional+music+for+all&rft.pub=Footstompin.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.footstompin.com%2Fartists%2Fflora_macneil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlora+MacNeil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">'<i><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a><b></b></i></span><i><b> <span class="reference-text">Edited by Eberhard Bort (2011), </span></b>Tis Sixty Years Since: The 1951 Edinburgh People's Festival Ceilidh and the Scottish Folk Revival</i>, page 199. </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">'<i><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a><b></b></i></span><i><b> <span class="reference-text">Edited by Eberhard Bort (2011), </span></b>Tis Sixty Years Since: The 1951 Edinburgh People's Festival Ceilidh and the Scottish Folk Revival</i>, pages 206–207. </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">'<i><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a><b></b></i></span><i><b> <span class="reference-text">Edited by Eberhard Bort (2011), </span></b>Tis Sixty Years Since: The 1951 Edinburgh People's Festival Ceilidh and the Scottish Folk Revival</i>, pages 208-209. </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">'<i><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a><b></b></i></span><i><b> <span class="reference-text">Edited by Eberhard Bort (2011), </span></b>Tis Sixty Years Since: The 1951 Edinburgh People's Festival Ceilidh and the Scottish Folk Revival</i>, pages 223-224. </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">'<i><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a><b></b></i></span><i><b> <span class="reference-text">Edited by Eberhard Bort (2011), </span></b>Tis Sixty Years Since: The 1951 Edinburgh People's Festival Ceilidh and the Scottish Folk Revival</i>, pages 224–225. </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">'<i><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a><b></b></i></span><i><b> <span class="reference-text">Edited by Eberhard Bort (2011), </span></b>Tis Sixty Years Since: The 1951 Edinburgh People's Festival Ceilidh and the Scottish Folk Revival</i>, pages 228–230. </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">'<i><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a><b></b></i></span><i><b> <span class="reference-text">Edited by Eberhard Bort (2011), </span></b>Tis Sixty Years Since: The 1951 Edinburgh People's Festival Ceilidh and the Scottish Folk Revival</i>, page 228. </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">'<i><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a><b></b></i></span><i><b> <span class="reference-text">Edited by Eberhard Bort (2011), </span></b>Tis Sixty Years Since: The 1951 Edinburgh People's Festival Ceilidh and the Scottish Folk Revival</i>, page 230–232. </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">'<i><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a><b></b></i></span><i><b> <span class="reference-text">Edited by Eberhard Bort (2011), </span></b>Tis Sixty Years Since: The 1951 Edinburgh People's Festival Ceilidh and the Scottish Folk Revival</i>, page 232–233. </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">'<i><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a><b></b></i></span><i><b> <span class="reference-text">Edited by Eberhard Bort (2011), </span></b>Tis Sixty Years Since: The 1951 Edinburgh People's Festival Ceilidh and the Scottish Folk Revival</i>, pages 35-44. </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Edited by Peter Kennedy (1984), <i>Folksongs of Britain and Ireland</i>, <a href="/wiki/Oak_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="Oak Publications">Oak Publications</a>. Pages 18–68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rambles.net/colours00_island.html">Description of a 2000 Ceilidh in Cape Breton, Nova Scotia</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.culturalequity.org/taxonomy/term/5068">"MacNeil, Flora | Lomax Digital Archive"</a>. <i>archive.culturalequity.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archive.culturalequity.org&rft.atitle=MacNeil%2C+Flora+%7C+Lomax+Digital+Archive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.culturalequity.org%2Ftaxonomy%2Fterm%2F5068&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFlora+MacNeil" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_MacNeil&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Edited by Eberhard Bort (2011), '<i>Tis Sixty Years Since: The 1951 Edinburgh People's Festival Ceilidh and the Scottish Folk Revival</i>, Grace Note Publications, Grange of Locherlour, Ochertyre, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>.</li> <li>Edited by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Kennedy_(folklorist)" title="Peter Kennedy (folklorist)">Peter Kennedy</a> (1984), <i>Folksongs of Britain and Ireland</i>, <a href="/wiki/Oak_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="Oak Publications">Oak Publications</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flora_MacNeil&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.culturalequity.org/taxonomy/term/5068">Alan Lomax Recordings</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080516102302/http://www.tradmusichall.com/FloraMacNeil.htm">Traditional Music Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rambles.net/colours00_island.html">Description of a 2000 Ceilidh in Cape Breton, Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vm_FuZd2SIU"><span class="plainlinks">Flora MacNeil Sings "A Phiuthrag 'S A Phiuthar"</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output 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href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/90c89a5c-fd00-42d1-9b16-e4c809e7c3ea">MusicBrainz</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flora_MacNeil&oldid=1234024445">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flora_MacNeil&oldid=1234024445</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1928_births" title="Category:1928 births">1928 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2015_deaths" title="Category:2015 deaths">2015 deaths</a></li><li><a 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