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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_equity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Cultural equity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_equity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-FBI_investigations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#FBI_investigations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>FBI investigations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-FBI_investigations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_music_and_digital_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_music_and_digital_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>World music and digital legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_music_and_digital_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" 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Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B3" title="آلان لوماكس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="آلان لوماكس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Алан Ломакс – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Алан Ломакс" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lomax" title="Alan Lomax – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Alan Lomax" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lomax" title="Alan Lomax – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Alan Lomax" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lomax" title="Alan Lomax – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Alan Lomax" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lomax" title="Alan Lomax – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Alan Lomax" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lomax" title="Alan Lomax – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Alan Lomax" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lomax" title="Alan Lomax – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Alan Lomax" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lomax" title="Alan Lomax – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alan Lomax" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lomax" title="Alan Lomax – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Alan Lomax" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lomax" title="Alan Lomax – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Alan Lomax" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lomax" title="Alan Lomax – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Alan Lomax" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%9F_%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%A7%D7%A1" title="אלן לומקס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אלן לומקס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alanus_Lomax" title="Alanus Lomax – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Alanus Lomax" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B3" title="الان لوماكس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الان لوماكس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lomax" title="Alan Lomax – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Alan Lomax" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9" title="アラン・ローマックス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アラン・ローマックス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lomax" title="Alan Lomax – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Alan Lomax" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lomax" title="Alan Lomax – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Alan Lomax" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lomax" title="Alan Lomax – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Alan Lomax" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lomax" title="Alan Lomax – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Alan Lomax" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81,_%D0%90%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ломакс, Алан – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ломакс, Алан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lomax" title="Alan Lomax – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Alan Lomax" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lomax" title="Alan Lomax – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Alan Lomax" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lomax" title="Alan Lomax – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Alan Lomax" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E4%BC%A6%C2%B7%E7%BD%97%E9%A9%AC%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF" title="阿伦·罗马克斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿伦·罗马克斯" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q558104#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American musicologist (1915–2002)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de; font-size: 125%;"><div class="">Alan Lomax</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Alan_Lomax.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lomax at the Mountain Music Festival, Asheville, North Carolina, early 1940s."><img alt="Lomax at the Mountain Music Festival, Asheville, North Carolina, early 1940s." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Alan_Lomax.jpg/220px-Alan_Lomax.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Alan_Lomax.jpg/330px-Alan_Lomax.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Alan_Lomax.jpg/440px-Alan_Lomax.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1456" data-file-height="1853" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Lomax at the Mountain Music Festival, <a href="/wiki/Asheville,_North_Carolina" title="Asheville, North Carolina">Asheville, North Carolina</a>, early 1940s.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de">Background information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1915-01-31</span>)</span>January 31, 1915<br /><a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a>, Texas, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">July 19, 2002<span style="display:none">(2002-07-19)</span> (aged 87)<br /><a href="/wiki/Safety_Harbor,_Florida" title="Safety Harbor, Florida">Safety Harbor</a>, Florida, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">Folklorist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethnomusicology" title="Ethnomusicology">ethnomusicologist</a>, musician</td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Musical artist</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Anthropology_of_art" title="Anthropology of art">Anthropology of art</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Anthropology_of_media" title="Anthropology of media">media</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethnomusicology" title="Ethnomusicology">music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethnochoreology" title="Ethnochoreology">dance</a><br /> and <a href="/wiki/Visual_anthropology" title="Visual anthropology">film</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_JBU16.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_JBU16.JPG/120px-%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_JBU16.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_JBU16.JPG/180px-%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_JBU16.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_JBU16.JPG/240px-%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_JBU16.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align: center;color: var(--color-base)">Basic concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Color_symbolism" title="Color symbolism">Color symbolism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_culture" title="Visual culture">Visual culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_culture_studies" title="Body culture studies">Body culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Material_culture" title="Material culture">Material culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_media" title="New media">New media</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align: center;color: var(--color-base)">Case studies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <dl><dt>Art</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visual_arts_by_indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual arts by indigenous peoples of the Americas">Art of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australian_art" title="Indigenous Australian art">Indigenous Australian art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceanic_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Oceanic art">Oceanic art</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Film</dt> <dd></dd></dl> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nanook_of_the_North" title="Nanook of the North">Nanook of the North</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ax_Fight" title="The Ax Fight">The Ax Fight</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/N%C7%83ai,_the_Story_of_a_%C7%83Kung_Woman" title="Nǃai, the Story of a ǃKung Woman">Nǃai, the Story of a ǃKung Woman</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Incidents_of_Travel_in_Chichen_Itza" title="Incidents of Travel in Chichen Itza">Incidents of Travel in Chichen Itza</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Doon_School_Quintet" title="The Doon School Quintet">The Doon School Quintet</a></i></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align: center;color: var(--color-base)">Museums</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Anthropological_Archives" title="National Anthropological Archives">National Anthropological Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centro_Cultural_Mexiquense" title="Centro Cultural Mexiquense">Centro Cultural Mexiquense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Anthropology_at_UBC" title="Museum of Anthropology at UBC">Museum of Anthropology at UBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Archaeology_and_Anthropology,_University_of_Cambridge" title="Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Cambridge">Museum of Anthropology, Cambridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Indian_Arts_and_Culture" title="Museum of Indian Arts and Culture">Museum of Indian Arts and Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hull_Fleming_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Hull Fleming Museum">Robert Hull Fleming Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_with_major_collections_in_ethnography_and_anthropology" title="List of museums with major collections in ethnography and anthropology">List of museums</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align: center;color: var(--color-base)">Related articles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnographic_film" title="Ethnographic film">Ethnographic film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_ethnography" title="Video ethnography">Video ethnography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocinema" title="Ethnocinema">Ethnocinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_visual_anthropology_films" title="List of visual anthropology films">List of ethnographic films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Mead_Film_Festival" title="Margaret Mead Film Festival">Margaret Mead Film Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantometrics" title="Cantometrics">Cantometrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_anthropology" title="Museum anthropology">Museum anthropology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvage_ethnography" title="Salvage ethnography">Salvage ethnography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribal_art" title="Tribal art">Tribal art</a>/<a href="/wiki/Folk_art" title="Folk art">Folk art</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align: center;color: var(--color-base)">Major theorists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Asch" title="Tim Asch">Tim Asch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Bateson" title="Gregory Bateson">Gregory Bateson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franz_Boas" title="Franz Boas">Franz Boas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bourdieu" title="Pierre Bourdieu">Pierre Bourdieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Collier_(anthropologist)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Collier (anthropologist)">John Collier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Densmore" title="Frances Densmore">Frances Densmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Flaherty" title="Robert J. Flaherty">Robert J. Flaherty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gardner_(anthropologist)" title="Robert Gardner (anthropologist)">Robert Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Gell" title="Alfred Gell">Alfred Gell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Hugh_Layton" title="Robert Hugh Layton">Robert Hugh Layton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_L%C3%A9vi-Strauss" title="Claude Lévi-Strauss">Claude Lévi-Strauss</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alan Lomax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Marshall_(filmmaker)" title="John Marshall (filmmaker)">John Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Mead" title="Margaret Mead">Margaret Mead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Merriam" class="mw-redirect" title="Alan Merriam">Alan Merriam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Nettl" title="Bruno Nettl">Bruno Nettl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hortense_Powdermaker" title="Hortense Powdermaker">Hortense Powdermaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Rouch" title="Jean Rouch">Jean Rouch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_MacDougall" title="David MacDougall">David MacDougall</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <a href="/wiki/Social_anthropology" title="Social anthropology">Social</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cultural_anthropology" title="Cultural anthropology">cultural anthropology</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anthropology_of_art" title="Template:Anthropology of art"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anthropology_of_art" title="Template talk:Anthropology of art"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anthropology_of_art" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anthropology of art"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Alan Lomax</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span></span>/</a></span></span>; January 31, 1915 – July 19, 2002) was an American <a href="/wiki/Ethnomusicology" title="Ethnomusicology">ethnomusicologist</a>, best known for his numerous <a href="/wiki/Field_recording" title="Field recording">field recordings</a> of <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk music</a> of the 20th century. He was a musician, <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">folklorist</a>, archivist, writer, scholar, political activist, oral historian, and film-maker. Lomax produced recordings, concerts, and radio shows in the US and in England, which played an important role in preserving folk music traditions in both countries, and helped start both the <a href="/wiki/American_folk_music_revival" title="American folk music revival">American</a> and <a href="/wiki/British_folk_revival" title="British folk revival">British folk revivals</a> of the 1940s, 1950s, and early 1960s. He collected material first with his father, folklorist and collector <a href="/wiki/John_Lomax" title="John Lomax">John Lomax</a>, and later alone and with others, Lomax recorded thousands of songs and interviews for the <a href="/wiki/Archive_of_American_Folk_Song" class="mw-redirect" title="Archive of American Folk Song">Archive of American Folk Song</a>, of which he was the director, at the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> on aluminum and acetate discs. </p><p>After 1942, when Congress terminated the Library of Congress's funding for folk song collecting, Lomax continued to collect independently in Britain, Ireland, Caribbean region, Italy, Spain, and United States, using the latest recording technology, assembling an enormous collection of American and international culture. In March 2004, the material captured and produced without Library of Congress funding was acquired by the Library, which "brings the entire seventy years of Alan Lomax's work together under one roof at the Library of Congress, where it has found a permanent home."<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the start of the Cold War, Lomax continued to advocate for a public role for folklore,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> even as academic folklorists turned inward. He devoted much of the latter part of his life to advocating what he called Cultural Equity, which he sought to put on a solid theoretical foundation through to his <a href="/wiki/Cantometrics" title="Cantometrics">Cantometrics</a> research (which included a prototype Cantometrics-based educational program, the Global Jukebox). In the 1970s and 1980s, Lomax advised the <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Folklife_Festival" title="Smithsonian Folklife Festival">Folklife Festival</a> and produced a series of films about folk music, <i>American Patchwork</i>, which aired on PBS in 1991. In his late 70s, Lomax completed the long-deferred memoir <i>The Land Where the Blues Began</i> (1993), linking the birth of <a href="/wiki/The_blues" class="mw-redirect" title="The blues">the blues</a> to <a href="/wiki/Debt_peonage" class="mw-redirect" title="Debt peonage">debt peonage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation_in_the_United_States" title="Racial segregation in the United States">segregation</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Forced_labor" class="mw-redirect" title="Forced labor">forced labor</a> in the American South. </p><p>Lomax's greatest legacy is in preserving and publishing recordings of musicians in many folk and blues traditions around the US and Europe. Among the artists Lomax is credited with discovering and bringing to a wider audience include blues guitarist <a href="/wiki/Robert_Johnson" title="Robert Johnson">Robert Johnson</a>, protest singer <a href="/wiki/Woody_Guthrie" title="Woody Guthrie">Woody Guthrie</a>, folk artist <a href="/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger">Pete Seeger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country musician</a> <a href="/wiki/Burl_Ives" title="Burl Ives">Burl Ives</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Gaelic language">Scottish Gaelic</a> singer <a href="/wiki/Flora_MacNeil" title="Flora MacNeil">Flora MacNeil</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Country_blues" title="Country blues">country blues</a> singers <a href="/wiki/Lead_Belly" title="Lead Belly">Lead Belly</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muddy_Waters" title="Muddy Waters">Muddy Waters</a>, among many others. "Alan scraped by the whole time, and left with no money," said Don Fleming, director of Lomax's Association for Culture Equity. "He did it out of the passion he had for it, and found ways to fund projects that were closest to his heart".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Lomax&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life">Early life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Lomax&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lomax was born in Austin, Texas in 1915,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cultural_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cultural-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the third of four children born to Bess Brown and pioneering <a href="/wiki/Folklorist" class="mw-redirect" title="Folklorist">folklorist</a> and author <a href="/wiki/John_A._Lomax" class="mw-redirect" title="John A. Lomax">John A. Lomax</a>. Two of his siblings also developed significant careers studying folklore: <a href="/wiki/Bess_Lomax_Hawes" title="Bess Lomax Hawes">Bess Lomax Hawes</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Lomax_Jr." title="John Lomax Jr.">John Lomax Jr.</a> </p><p>The elder Lomax, a former professor of English at Texas A&M University and a celebrated authority on Texas folklore and cowboy songs, had worked as an administrator, and later Secretary of the Alumni Society, of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Texas">University of Texas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to childhood asthma, chronic ear infections, and generally frail health, Lomax had mostly been home schooled in elementary school. In Dallas, he entered the Terrill School for Boys (a tiny prep school that later became <a href="/wiki/St._Mark%27s_School_of_Texas" title="St. Mark's School of Texas">St. Mark's School of Texas</a>). Lomax excelled at Terrill and then transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Choate_Rosemary_Hall" title="Choate Rosemary Hall">Choate School</a> (now Choate Rosemary Hall) in Connecticut for a year, graduating eighth in his class at age 15 in 1930.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Owing to his mother's declining health, however, rather than going to Harvard University as his father had wished, Lomax matriculated at the University of Texas at Austin. A roommate, future anthropologist <a href="/wiki/Goldschmidt_Thesis" title="Goldschmidt Thesis">Walter Goldschmidt</a>, recalled Lomax as "frighteningly smart, probably classifiable as a genius", though Goldschmidt remembers Lomax exploding one night while studying: "Damn it! The hardest thing I've had to learn is that I'm not a genius."<sup id="cite_ref-Szwed_p._21_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Szwed_p._21-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the University of Texas Lomax read <a href="/wiki/Nietzsche" class="mw-redirect" title="Nietzsche">Nietzsche</a> and developed an interest in philosophy. He joined and wrote a few columns for the school paper, <i>The Daily Texan</i> but resigned when it refused to publish an editorial he had written on birth control.<sup id="cite_ref-Szwed_p._21_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Szwed_p._21-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At this time he also he began collecting <a href="/wiki/Race_record" title="Race record">"race" records</a> and taking his dates to black-owned night clubs, at the risk of expulsion. During the spring term his mother died, and his youngest sister <a href="/wiki/Bess_Lomax_Hawes" title="Bess Lomax Hawes">Bess</a>, age 10, was sent to live with an aunt. Although the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> was rapidly causing his family's resources to plummet, Harvard came up with enough financial aid for the 16-year-old Lomax to spend his second year there. He enrolled in philosophy and physics and also pursued a long-distance informal reading course in <a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Pre-Socratic_philosophy" title="Pre-Socratic philosophy">Pre-Socratics</a> with University of Texas professor Albert P. Brogan.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also became involved in radical politics and came down with pneumonia. His grades suffered, diminishing his financial aid prospects.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lomax, now 17, therefore took a break from studying to join his father's folk song collecting field trips for the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>, co-authoring <i>American Ballads and Folk Songs</i> (1934) and <i>Negro Folk Songs as Sung by Lead Belly</i> (1936).<sup id="cite_ref-cultural_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cultural-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His first field collecting without his father was done with <a href="/wiki/Zora_Neale_Hurston" title="Zora Neale Hurston">Zora Neale Hurston</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mary_Elizabeth_Barnicle" title="Mary Elizabeth Barnicle">Mary Elizabeth Barnicle</a> in the summer of 1935. He returned to the University of Texas that fall and was awarded a BA in Philosophy,<sup id="cite_ref-cultural_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cultural-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> summa cum laude, and membership in <a href="/wiki/Phi_Beta_Kappa" title="Phi Beta Kappa">Phi Beta Kappa</a> in May 1936.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lack of money prevented him from immediately attending graduate school at the University of Chicago, as he desired, but he later corresponded with and pursued graduate studies with <a href="/wiki/Melville_J._Herskovits" title="Melville J. Herskovits">Melville J. Herskovits</a> at Columbia University and with <a href="/wiki/Ray_Birdwhistell" title="Ray Birdwhistell">Ray Birdwhistell</a> at the University of Pennsylvania. </p><p>Alan Lomax married <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Lyttleton_Sturz" title="Elizabeth Lyttleton Sturz">Elizabeth Harold Goodman</a>, then a student at the University of Texas, in February 1937.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were married for 12 years and had a daughter, <a href="/wiki/Anna_Lomax_Wood" title="Anna Lomax Wood">Anne</a> (later known as Anna). Elizabeth assisted him in recording in Haiti, Alabama, Appalachia, and Mississippi. Elizabeth also wrote radio scripts of folk operas featuring American music that were broadcast over the <a href="/wiki/BBC_Home_Service" title="BBC Home Service">BBC Home Service</a> as part of the war effort. </p><p>During the 1950s, after she and Lomax divorced, she conducted lengthy interviews for Lomax with folk music personalities, including <a href="/wiki/Vera_Hall" title="Vera Hall">Vera Ward Hall</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Reverend_Gary_Davis" title="Reverend Gary Davis">Reverend Gary Davis</a>. Lomax also did important field work with Elizabeth Barnicle and Zora Neale Hurston in Florida and the Bahamas (1935);<sup id="cite_ref-sampler_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sampler-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with <a href="/wiki/John_Wesley_Work_III" title="John Wesley Work III">John Wesley Work III</a> and Lewis Jones in Mississippi (1941 and 42); with folksingers Robin Roberts<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Jean_Ritchie" title="Jean Ritchie">Jean Ritchie</a> in Ireland (1950); with his second wife Antoinette Marchand in the Caribbean (1961); with <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Collins" title="Shirley Collins">Shirley Collins</a> in Great Britain and the Southeastern U.S. (1959); with <a href="/wiki/Joan_Halifax" title="Joan Halifax">Joan Halifax</a> in Morocco; and with his daughter.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All those who assisted and worked with him were accurately credited on the resultant Library of Congress and other recordings, as well as in his many books, films, and publications.<sup id="cite_ref-sampler_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sampler-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Assistant_in_charge_as_well_as_commercial_records_and_radio_broadcasts">Assistant in charge as well as commercial records and radio broadcasts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Lomax&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Assistant in charge as well as commercial records and radio broadcasts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1937 to 1942, Lomax was Assistant in Charge of the Archive of Folk Song of the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> to which he and his father and numerous collaborators contributed more than ten thousand field recordings.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A pioneering oral historian, Lomax recorded substantial interviews with many folk and jazz musicians, including <a href="/wiki/Woody_Guthrie" title="Woody Guthrie">Woody Guthrie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lead_Belly" title="Lead Belly">Lead Belly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jelly_Roll_Morton" title="Jelly Roll Morton">Jelly Roll Morton</a> and other jazz pioneers, and <a href="/wiki/Big_Bill_Broonzy" title="Big Bill Broonzy">Big Bill Broonzy</a>. On one of his trips in 1941, he went to Clarksdale, Mississippi, hoping to record the music of <a href="/wiki/Robert_Johnson" title="Robert Johnson">Robert Johnson</a>. When he arrived, he was told by locals that Johnson had died but that another local man, <a href="/wiki/Muddy_Waters" title="Muddy Waters">Muddy Waters</a>, might be willing to record his music for Lomax. Using recording equipment that filled the trunk of his car, Lomax recorded Waters' music; it is said that hearing Lomax's recording was the motivation that Waters needed to leave his farm job in Mississippi to pursue a career as a blues musician, first in Memphis and later in Chicago.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As part of this work, Lomax traveled through Michigan and Wisconsin in 1938 to record and document the traditional music of that region. Over four hundred recordings from this collection are now available at the Library of Congress. "He traveled in a 1935 Plymouth sedan, toting a Presto instantaneous disc recorder and a movie camera. And when he returned nearly three months later, having driven thousands of miles on barely paved roads, it was with a cache of 250 discs and 8 reels of film, documents of the incredible range of ethnic diversity, expressive traditions, and occupational folklife in Michigan."<sup id="cite_ref-Episode_4_Title:_Michigan-I-O_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Episode_4_Title:_Michigan-I-O-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In late 1939, Lomax hosted two series on CBS's nationally broadcast <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_School_of_the_Air" title="The American School of the Air">American School of the Air</a></i>, called <i>American Folk Song</i> and <i>Wellsprings of Music</i>, both music appreciation courses that aired daily in the schools and were supposed to highlight links between American folk and classical orchestral music. As host, Lomax sang and presented other performers, including <a href="/wiki/Burl_Ives" title="Burl Ives">Burl Ives</a>, Woody Guthrie, Lead Belly, <a href="/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger">Pete Seeger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Josh_White" title="Josh White">Josh White</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Gate_Quartet" title="Golden Gate Quartet">Golden Gate Quartet</a>. The individual programs reached ten million students in 200,000 U.S. classrooms and were also broadcast in Canada, Hawaii, and Alaska, but both Lomax and his father felt that the concept of the shows, which portrayed folk music as mere raw material for orchestral music, was deeply flawed and failed to do justice to vernacular culture. </p><p>In 1940, under Lomax's supervision, RCA made two groundbreaking suites of commercial folk music recordings: Woody Guthrie's <i><a href="/wiki/Dust_Bowl_Ballads" title="Dust Bowl Ballads">Dust Bowl Ballads</a></i> and Lead Belly's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Midnight_Special_and_Other_Southern_Prison_Songs" title="The Midnight Special and Other Southern Prison Songs">The Midnight Special and Other Southern Prison Songs</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though they did not sell especially well when released, Lomax's biographer <a href="/wiki/John_Szwed" title="John Szwed">John Szwed</a> calls these "some of the first concept albums".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1940, Lomax and his close friend <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Ray" title="Nicholas Ray">Nicholas Ray</a> wrote and produced the 15-minute program <i>Back Where I Came From</i>, which aired three nights per week on CBS and featured folk tales, proverbs, prose, and sermons, as well as songs, organized thematically. Its racially integrated cast included Burl Ives, Lead Belly, Josh White, <a href="/wiki/Sonny_Terry" title="Sonny Terry">Sonny Terry</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Brownie_McGhee" title="Brownie McGhee">Brownie McGhee</a>. In February 1941, Lomax spoke and gave a demonstration of his program along with talks by <a href="/wiki/Nelson_A._Rockefeller" class="mw-redirect" title="Nelson A. Rockefeller">Nelson A. Rockefeller</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Pan_American_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan American Union">Pan American Union</a>, and the president of the <a href="/wiki/American_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="American Museum of Natural History">American Museum of Natural History</a>, at a global conference in Mexico of a thousand broadcasters CBS had sponsored to launch its worldwide programming initiative. <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Mrs. Roosevelt</a> invited Lomax to <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt_National_Historic_Site" title="Eleanor Roosevelt National Historic Site">Hyde Park</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite its success and high visibility, <i>Back Where I Come From</i> never picked up a commercial sponsor. The show ran for only twenty-one weeks before it was suddenly canceled in February 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On hearing the news, Woody Guthrie wrote Lomax from California, "Too honest again, I suppose? Maybe not purty enough. O well, this country's a getting to where it can't hear its own voice. Someday the deal will change."<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lomax himself wrote that in all his work he had tried to capture "the seemingly incoherent diversity of American folk song as an expression of its democratic, inter-racial, international character, as a function of its inchoate and turbulent many-sided development."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On December 8, 1941, as "Assistant in Charge at the Library of Congress", he sent telegrams to fieldworkers in ten different localities across the United States, asking them to collect reactions of ordinary Americans to the <a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Pearl_Harbor" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombing of Pearl Harbor">bombing of Pearl Harbor</a> and the subsequent declaration of war by the United States. A second series of interviews, called "Dear Mr. President", was recorded in January and February 1942.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While serving in the United States Army in World War II, Lomax produced and hosted numerous radio programs in connection with the war effort. The 1944 "ballad opera", <i>The Martins and the Coys</i>, broadcast in Britain (but not the USA) by the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>, featuring Burl Ives, Woody Guthrie, <a href="/wiki/Will_Geer" title="Will Geer">Will Geer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sonny_Terry" title="Sonny Terry">Sonny Terry</a>, Pete Seeger, and <a href="/wiki/Fiddlin%27_Arthur_Smith" title="Fiddlin' Arthur Smith">Fiddlin' Arthur Smith</a>, among others, was released on <a href="/wiki/Rounder_Records" title="Rounder Records">Rounder Records</a> in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late 1940s, Lomax produced a series of commercial folk music albums for <a href="/wiki/Decca_Records" title="Decca Records">Decca Records</a> and organized a series of concerts at <a href="/wiki/New_York%27s_Town_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="New York's Town Hall">New York's Town Hall</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Hall" title="Carnegie Hall">Carnegie Hall</a>, featuring blues, <a href="/wiki/Calypso_music" title="Calypso music">calypso</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Flamenco" title="Flamenco">flamenco</a> music. He also hosted a radio show, <i>Your Ballad Man</i>, in 1949 that was broadcast nationwide on the <a href="/wiki/Mutual_Radio_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutual Radio Network">Mutual Radio Network</a> and featured a highly eclectic program, such as <a href="/wiki/Gamelan" title="Gamelan">gamelan</a> music; <a href="/wiki/Django_Reinhardt" title="Django Reinhardt">Django Reinhardt</a>; <a href="/wiki/Klezmer" title="Klezmer">klezmer</a> music; <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Bechet" title="Sidney Bechet">Sidney Bechet</a>; <a href="/wiki/Wild_Bill_Davison" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild Bill Davison">Wild Bill Davison</a>; jazzy pop songs by <a href="/wiki/Maxine_Sullivan" title="Maxine Sullivan">Maxine Sullivan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jo_Stafford" title="Jo Stafford">Jo Stafford</a>; readings of the poetry of <a href="/wiki/Carl_Sandburg" title="Carl Sandburg">Carl Sandburg</a>; <a href="/wiki/Hillbilly_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Hillbilly music">hillbilly music</a> with electric guitars; and Finnish brass bands.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also was a key participant in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=V.D._Radio_Project&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="V.D. Radio Project (page does not exist)">V.D. Radio Project</a> in 1949, creating a number of "ballad dramas" featuring country and gospel superstars, including <a href="/wiki/Roy_Acuff" title="Roy Acuff">Roy Acuff</a>, Woody Guthrie, <a href="/wiki/Hank_Williams" title="Hank Williams">Hank Williams</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sister_Rosetta_Tharpe" title="Sister Rosetta Tharpe">Sister Rosetta Tharpe</a> (among others), that aimed to convince men and women suffering from syphilis to seek treatment.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Move_to_Europe_and_later_life">Move to Europe and later life</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Lomax&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Move to Europe and later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In December 1949 a newspaper printed a story, "Red Convictions Scare <a href="/wiki/Fellow_traveler" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow traveler">'Travelers<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>"</a>, that mentioned a dinner given by the Civil Rights Association to honor five lawyers who had defended people accused of being Communists. The article mentioned Alan Lomax as one of the sponsors of the dinner, along with <a href="/wiki/Calvin_Benham_Baldwin" title="Calvin Benham Baldwin">C. B. Baldwin</a>, campaign manager for <a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Wallace" title="Henry A. Wallace">Henry A. Wallace</a> in 1948; music critic <a href="/wiki/Olin_Downes" title="Olin Downes">Olin Downes</a> of <i>The New York Times</i>; and <a href="/wiki/W.E.B._Du_Bois" class="mw-redirect" title="W.E.B. Du Bois">W.E.B. Du Bois</a>, all of whom it accused of being members of Communist front groups.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following June, <i><a href="/wiki/Red_Channels:_The_Report_of_Communist_Influence_in_Radio_and_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Channels: The Report of Communist Influence in Radio and Television">Red Channels</a></i>, a pamphlet edited by former F.B.I. agents which became the basis for the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_blacklist" title="Hollywood blacklist">entertainment industry blacklist</a> of the 1950s, listed Lomax as an artist or broadcast journalist sympathetic to Communism. (Others listed included <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Copland" title="Aaron Copland">Aaron Copland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yip_Harburg" title="Yip Harburg">Yip Harburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lena_Horne" title="Lena Horne">Lena Horne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Langston_Hughes" title="Langston Hughes">Langston Hughes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burl_Ives" title="Burl Ives">Burl Ives</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Parker" title="Dorothy Parker">Dorothy Parker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger">Pete Seeger</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Josh_White" title="Josh White">Josh White</a>.) That summer, Congress was debating the <a href="/wiki/McCarran_Internal_Security_Act" title="McCarran Internal Security Act">McCarran Act</a>, which required the registration and fingerprinting of all "subversives" in the United States, restrictions of their right to travel, and detention in case of "emergencies",<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the <a href="/wiki/House_Un-American_Activities_Committee" title="House Un-American Activities Committee">House Un-American Activities Committee</a> was broadening its hearings. Feeling sure that the Act would pass and realizing that his career in broadcasting was in jeopardy, Lomax, who was newly divorced and already had an agreement with <a href="/wiki/Goddard_Lieberson" title="Goddard Lieberson">Goddard Lieberson</a> of <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia Records</a> to record in Europe,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> hastened to renew his passport, cancel his speaking engagements, and plan for his departure, telling his agent he hoped to return in January "if things cleared up". He set sail on September 24, 1950, on board the steamer <a href="/wiki/RMS_Mauretania_(1938)" title="RMS Mauretania (1938)">RMS <i>Mauretania</i></a>. Sure enough, in October, FBI agents were interviewing Lomax's friends and acquaintances. Lomax never told his family exactly why he went to Europe, only that he was developing a library of world folk music for Columbia. Nor did he allow anyone to say he was forced to leave. In a letter to the editor of a British newspaper, Lomax took a writer to task for describing him as a "victim of <a href="/wiki/McCarthyism" title="McCarthyism">witch-hunting</a>," insisting that he was in the UK only to work on his Columbia Project.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lomax spent the 1950s based in London, from where he edited the 18-volume <i>Columbia World Library of Folk and Primitive Music</i>, an anthology issued on newly invented LP records. He spent seven months in Spain, where, in addition to recording three thousand items from most of the regions of Spain, he made copious notes and took hundreds of photos of "not only singers and musicians but anything that interested him – empty streets, old buildings, and country roads", bringing to these photos, "a concern for form and composition that went beyond the ethnographic to the artistic".<sup id="cite_ref-Szwed_p._274_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Szwed_p._274-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He drew a parallel between photography and field recording: </p> <blockquote><p>Recording folk songs works like a candid cameraman. I hold the mike, use my hand for shading volume. It's a big problem in Spain because there is so much emotional excitement, noise all around. Empathy is most important in field work. It's necessary to put your hand on the artist while he sings. They have to react to you. Even if they're mad at you, it's better than nothing.<sup id="cite_ref-Szwed_p._274_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Szwed_p._274-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>When Columbia Records producer <a href="/wiki/George_Avakian" title="George Avakian">George Avakian</a> gave jazz arranger <a href="/wiki/Gil_Evans" title="Gil Evans">Gil Evans</a> a copy of the Spanish World Library LP, <a href="/wiki/Miles_Davis" title="Miles Davis">Miles Davis</a> and Evans were "struck by the beauty of pieces such as the '<a href="/wiki/Saeta_(flamenco)" title="Saeta (flamenco)">Saeta</a>', recorded in Seville, and a panpiper's tune ('Alborada de Vigo') from Galicia, and worked them into the 1960 album <i><a href="/wiki/Sketches_of_Spain" title="Sketches of Spain">Sketches of Spain</a>.</i>"<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the Scottish, English, and Irish volumes, he worked with the BBC and folklorists <a href="/wiki/Peter_Douglas_Kennedy" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Douglas Kennedy">Peter Douglas Kennedy</a>, Scots poet <a href="/wiki/Hamish_Henderson" title="Hamish Henderson">Hamish Henderson</a>, and with the Irish folklorist <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9amus_Ennis" title="Séamus Ennis">Séamus Ennis</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> recording among others, <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Barry" title="Margaret Barry">Margaret Barry</a> and the songs in Irish of <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cronin" title="Elizabeth Cronin">Elizabeth Cronin</a>; Scots ballad singer <a href="/wiki/Jeannie_Robertson" title="Jeannie Robertson">Jeannie Robertson</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Harry_Cox" title="Harry Cox">Harry Cox</a> of Norfolk, England, and interviewing some of these performers at length about their lives. In 1953 a young <a href="/wiki/David_Attenborough" title="David Attenborough">David Attenborough</a> commissioned Lomax to host six 20-minute episodes of the BBC TV series <i>The Song Hunter</i>, which featured performances by a wide range of traditional musicians from all over Britain and Ireland, as well as Lomax himself.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1957, Lomax hosted a folk music show on BBC's Home Service titled <i>A Ballad Hunter</i> and organized a <a href="/wiki/Skiffle" title="Skiffle">skiffle</a> group, Alan Lomax and the Ramblers (who included <a href="/wiki/Ewan_MacColl" title="Ewan MacColl">Ewan MacColl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peggy_Seeger" title="Peggy Seeger">Peggy Seeger</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Collins" title="Shirley Collins">Shirley Collins</a>), which appeared on British television. His ballad opera <i>Big Rock Candy Mountain</i> premiered December 1955 at <a href="/wiki/Joan_Littlewood" title="Joan Littlewood">Joan Littlewood</a>'s Theatre Workshop and featured <a href="/wiki/Ramblin%27_Jack_Elliot" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramblin' Jack Elliot">Ramblin' Jack Elliot</a>. In Scotland, Lomax is credited with being an inspiration for the <a href="/wiki/School_of_Scottish_Studies" title="School of Scottish Studies">School of Scottish Studies</a>, founded in 1951, the year of his first visit there.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lomax and <a href="/wiki/Diego_Carpitella" title="Diego Carpitella">Diego Carpitella</a>'s survey of <a href="/wiki/Italian_folk_music" title="Italian folk music">Italian folk music</a> for the <i>Columbia World Library</i>, conducted in 1953 and 1954, with the cooperation of the BBC and the <a href="/wiki/Accademia_Nazionale_di_Santa_Cecilia" title="Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia">Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia</a> in Rome, helped capture a snapshot of a multitude of important traditional folk styles shortly before they disappeared. The pair amassed one of the most representative folk song collections of any culture. From Lomax's Spanish and Italian recordings emerged one of the first theories explaining the types of folk singing that predominate in particular areas, a theory that incorporates work style, the environment, and the degrees of social and sexual freedom. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Return_to_the_United_States">Return to the United States</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Lomax&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Return to the United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Upon his return to New York in 1959, Lomax produced a concert, <a href="/wiki/Folksong_%2759" title="Folksong '59">Folksong '59</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Hall" title="Carnegie Hall">Carnegie Hall</a>, featuring Arkansas singer <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Driftwood" title="Jimmy Driftwood">Jimmy Driftwood</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Selah_Jubilee_Singers" title="Selah Jubilee Singers">Selah Jubilee Singers</a> and Drexel Singers (gospel groups); <a href="/wiki/Muddy_Waters" title="Muddy Waters">Muddy Waters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Memphis_Slim" title="Memphis Slim">Memphis Slim</a> (blues); Earl Taylor and the Stoney Mountain Boys (bluegrass); <a href="/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger">Pete Seeger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Seeger" title="Mike Seeger">Mike Seeger</a> (urban folk revival); and <a href="/wiki/The_Cadillacs" title="The Cadillacs">The Cadillacs</a> (a rock and roll group). The occasion marked the first time rock and roll and bluegrass were performed on the Carnegie Hall Stage. "The time has come for Americans not to be ashamed of what we go for, musically, from primitive ballads to rock 'n' roll songs", Lomax told the audience. According to <a href="/wiki/Izzy_Young" title="Izzy Young">Izzy Young</a>, the audience booed when he told them to lay down their prejudices and listen to rock 'n' roll. In Young's opinion, "Lomax put on what is probably the turning point in American folk music...At that concert, the point he was trying to make was that Negro and white music were mixing, and rock and roll was that thing."<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Alan Lomax had met 20-year-old English folk singer <a href="/wiki/Shirley_Collins" title="Shirley Collins">Shirley Collins</a> while living in London. The two were romantically involved and lived together for some years. When Lomax obtained a contract from <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Records" title="Atlantic Records">Atlantic Records</a> to re-record some of the American musicians first recorded in the 1940s, using improved equipment, Collins accompanied him. Their folk song collecting trip to the Southern states, known colloquially as the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Journey" title="Southern Journey">Southern Journey</a>, lasted from July to November 1959 and resulted in many hours of recordings, featuring performers such as <a href="/wiki/Almeda_Riddle" title="Almeda Riddle">Almeda Riddle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hobart_Smith" title="Hobart Smith">Hobart Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wade_Ward" title="Wade Ward">Wade Ward</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Higgins" title="Charlie Higgins">Charlie Higgins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bessie_Jones_(American_singer)" title="Bessie Jones (American singer)">Bessie Jones</a> and culminated in the discovery of <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Fred_McDowell" title="Mississippi Fred McDowell">Fred McDowell</a>. Recordings from this trip were issued under the title <i>Sounds of the</i> <i>South</i> and some were also featured in the Coen brothers' 2000 film <i><a href="/wiki/O_Brother,_Where_Art_Thou%3F" title="O Brother, Where Art Thou?">O Brother, Where Art Thou?</a></i>. Lomax wished to marry Collins but when the recording trip was over, she returned to England and married <a href="/wiki/Austin_John_Marshall" title="Austin John Marshall">Austin John Marshall</a>. In an interview in <i>The Guardian</i> newspaper, Collins expressed irritation that <i>The Land Where The Blues Began</i>, Lomax's 1993 account of the journey, barely mentioned her. "All it said was, 'Shirley Collins was along for the trip'. It made me hopping mad. I wasn't just 'along for the trip'. I was part of the recording process, I made notes, I drafted contracts, I was involved in every part".<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Collins addressed the perceived omission in her memoir, <i>America Over the Water</i>, published in 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lomax married Antoinette Marchand on August 26, 1961. They separated the following year and divorced in 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1962, Lomax and singer and Civil Rights Activist <a href="/wiki/Guy_Carawan" title="Guy Carawan">Guy Carawan</a>, music director at the <a href="/wiki/Highlander_Folk_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Highlander Folk School">Highlander Folk School</a> in Monteagle, Tennessee, produced the album, <i>Freedom in the Air: Albany Georgia, 1961–62</i>, on Vanguard Records for the <a href="/wiki/Student_Nonviolent_Coordinating_Committee" title="Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee">Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee</a>. </p><p>Lomax was a consultant to <a href="/wiki/Carl_Sagan" title="Carl Sagan">Carl Sagan</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Voyager_Golden_Record" title="Voyager Golden Record">Voyager Golden Record</a> sent into space on the 1977 Voyager Spacecraft to represent the music of the earth. Music he helped choose included the blues, jazz, and rock 'n' roll of <a href="/wiki/Blind_Willie_Johnson" title="Blind Willie Johnson">Blind Willie Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_Armstrong" title="Louis Armstrong">Louis Armstrong</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Berry" title="Chuck Berry">Chuck Berry</a>; Andean panpipes and Navajo chants; Azerbaijani <a href="/wiki/Mugham" title="Mugham">mugham</a> performed by two balaban players,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a <a href="/wiki/Sulfur_mining_in_Sicily" title="Sulfur mining in Sicily">Sicilian sulfur miner</a>'s lament; polyphonic vocal music from the <a href="/wiki/Mbuti" class="mw-redirect" title="Mbuti">Mbuti</a> Pygmies of Zaire, and the Georgians of the Caucasus; and a shepherdess song from Bulgaria by <a href="/wiki/Valya_Balkanska" title="Valya Balkanska">Valya Balkanska</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in addition to Bach, Mozart, and Beethoven, and more. Sagan later wrote that it was Lomax "who was a persistent and vigorous advocate for including ethnic music even at the expense of Western classical music. He brought pieces so compelling and beautiful that we gave in to his suggestions more often than I would have thought possible. There was, for example, no room for Debussy among our selections because Azerbaijanis play bagpipe-sounding instruments [balaban] and Peruvians play panpipes and such exquisite pieces had been recorded by ethnomusicologists known to Lomax."<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Lomax&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alan Lomax died in Safety Harbor, Florida on July 19, 2002 at the age of 87.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt-obit_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-obit-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_equity">Cultural equity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Lomax&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Cultural equity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The dimension of cultural equity needs to be added to the humane continuum of liberty, freedom of speech and religion, and social justice.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Folklore can show us that this dream is age-old and common to all mankind. It asks that we recognize the cultural rights of weaker peoples in sharing this dream. And it can make their adjustment to a world society an easier and more creative process. The stuff of folklore—the orally transmitted wisdom, art and music of the people can provide ten thousand bridges across which men of all nations may stride to say, "You are my brother."<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>As a member of the <a href="/wiki/Popular_Front" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular Front">Popular Front</a> and <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Songs" title="People's Songs">People's Songs</a> in the 1940s, Alan Lomax promoted what was then known as "One World" and today is called multiculturalism.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late forties he produced a series of concerts at Town Hall and Carnegie Hall that presented flamenco guitar and calypso, along with country blues, <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_music" title="Appalachian music">Appalachian music</a>, Andean music, and jazz. His radio shows of the 1940s and 1950s explored musics of all the world's peoples. </p><p>Lomax recognized that folklore (like all forms of creativity) occurs at the local and not the national level and flourishes not in isolation but in fruitful interplay with other cultures. He was dismayed that mass communications appeared to be crushing local cultural expressions and languages. In 1950 he echoed anthropologist <a href="/wiki/Bronis%C5%82aw_Malinowski" title="Bronisław Malinowski">Bronisław Malinowski</a> (1884–1942), who believed the role of the ethnologist should be that of advocate for primitive man (as indigenous people were then called), when he urged folklorists to similarly advocate for the folk. Some, such as <a href="/wiki/Richard_Dorson" title="Richard Dorson">Richard Dorson</a>, objected that scholars shouldn't act as cultural arbiters, but Lomax believed it was unethical to stand idly by as the magnificent variety of the world's cultures and languages was "grayed out" by centralized commercial entertainment and educational systems. Although he acknowledged potential problems with intervention, he urged that folklorists with their special training actively assist communities in safeguarding and revitalizing their own local traditions. </p><p>Similar ideas had been put into practice by <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Botkin" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin Botkin">Benjamin Botkin</a>, Harold W. Thompson, and Louis C. Jones, who believed that folklore studied by folklorists should be returned to its home communities to enable it to thrive anew. They have been realized in the annual (since 1967) Smithsonian Folk Festival on the Mall in Washington, D.C. (for which Lomax served as a consultant), in national and regional initiatives by <a href="/wiki/Public_folklore" title="Public folklore">public folklorists</a> and local activists in helping communities gain recognition for their oral traditions and lifeways both in their home communities and in the world at large; and in the National Heritage Awards, concerts, and fellowships given by the NEA and various State governments to master folk and traditional artists.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1983, Lomax founded <a href="/wiki/Anna_Lomax_Wood#Association_for_Cultural_Equity" title="Anna Lomax Wood">The Association for Cultural Equity (ACE)</a>. It is housed at the Fine Arts Campus of Hunter College in New York City and is the custodian of the Alan Lomax Archive. The Association's mission is to "facilitate cultural equity" and practice "cultural feedback" and "preserve, publish, repatriate and freely disseminate" its collections.<sup id="cite_ref-ace-about_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ace-about-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though Alan Lomax's appeals to anthropology conferences and repeated letters to UNESCO fell on deaf ears, the modern world seems to have caught up to his vision. In an article first published in the 2009 <i>Louisiana Folklore Miscellany</i>, <a href="/wiki/Barry_Jean_Ancelet" title="Barry Jean Ancelet">Barry Jean Ancelet</a>, folklorist and chair of the Modern Languages Department at University of Louisiana at Lafayette, wrote: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Every time [Lomax] called me over a span of about ten years, he never failed to ask if we were teaching <a href="/wiki/Cajun_French" class="mw-redirect" title="Cajun French">Cajun French</a> in the schools yet. His notions about the importance of cultural and linguistic diversity have been affirmed by many contemporary scholars, including Nobel Prize-winning physicist <a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Murray Gell-Mann</a> who concluded his recent book, <i>The Quark and the Jaguar</i>, with a discussion of these very same issues, insisting on the importance of "cultural DNA" (1994: 338–343). His cautions about "universal popular culture" (1994: 342) sound remarkably like Alan's warning in his "Appeal for Cultural Equity" that the "cultural grey-out" must be checked or there would soon be "no place worth visiting and no place worth staying" (1972). Compare Gell-Mann: </p><blockquote><p>Just as it is crazy to squander in a few decades much of the rich biological diversity that has evolved over billions of years, so is it equally crazy to permit the disappearance of much of human cultural diversity, which has evolved in a somewhat analogous way over many tens of thousands of years...The erosion of local cultural patterns around the world is not, however, entirely or even principally the result of contact with the universalizing effect of scientific enlightenment. Popular culture is in most cases far more effective at erasing distinctions between one place or society and another. Blue jeans, fast food, rock music, and American television serials have been sweeping the world for years. (1994: 338–343)</p></blockquote> <p>and Lomax: </p> <blockquote><p>carcasses of dead or dying cultures on the human landscape, that we have learned to dismiss this pollution of the human environment as inevitable, and even sensible, since it is wrongly assumed that the weak and unfit among musics and cultures are eliminated in this way...Not only is such a doctrine anti-human; it is very bad science. It is false Darwinism applied to culture – especially to its expressive systems, such as music language, and art. Scientific study of cultures, notably of their languages and their musics, shows that all are equally expressive and equally communicative, even though they may symbolize technologies of different levels...With the disappearance of each of these systems, the human species not only loses a way of viewing, thinking, and feeling but also a way of adjusting to some zone on the planet which fits it and makes it livable; not only that, but we throw away a system of interaction, of fantasy and symbolizing which, in the future, the human race may sorely need. The only way to halt this degradation of man's culture is to commit ourselves to the principles of political, social, and economic justice. (2003 [1972]: 286)<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote></blockquote> <p>In 2001, in the wake of the attacks in New York and Washington of September 11, UNESCO's Universal Declaration of Cultural Diversity declared the safeguarding of languages and intangible culture on a par with protection of individual human rights and as essential for human survival as biodiversity is for nature,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ideas remarkably similar to those forcefully articulated by Alan Lomax many years before. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="FBI_investigations">FBI investigations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Lomax&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: FBI investigations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From 1942 to 1979, Lomax repeatedly was investigated and interviewed by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> (FBI), but nothing incriminating was discovered, and the investigation was abandoned. Scholar and jazz pianist <a href="/wiki/Ted_Gioia" title="Ted Gioia">Ted Gioia</a> uncovered and published extracts from Alan Lomax's 800-page FBI files.<sup id="cite_ref-TedGioia_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TedGioia-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The investigation appears to have started when an anonymous informant reported overhearing Lomax's father telling guests in 1941 about what he considered his son's <a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">communist</a> sympathies. Looking for leads, the FBI seized on the fact that, at the age of 17 in 1932 while attending Harvard University for a year, Lomax had been arrested in Boston, Massachusetts in connection with a political demonstration. In 1942 the FBI sent agents to interview students at Harvard's freshman dormitory about Lomax's participation in a demonstration that had occurred at Harvard ten years earlier in support of the immigration rights of one Edith Berkman, a Jewish woman, dubbed the "red flame" for her <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">labor organizing</a> activities among the textile workers of Lawrence, Massachusetts, and threatened with deportation as an alleged "Communist agitator".<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lomax had been charged with disturbing the peace and fined $25. Berkman, however, had been cleared of all accusations against her and was not deported. Nor had Lomax's Harvard academic record been affected in any way by his activities in her defense. Nevertheless, the bureau continued trying vainly to show that in 1932 Lomax had either distributed communist literature or made public speeches in support of the Communist Party. </p><p>According to Ted Gioia: </p> <blockquote><p>Lomax must have felt it necessary to address the suspicions. He gave a sworn statement to an FBI agent on April 3, 1942, denying both of these charges. He also explained his arrest while at Harvard as the result of police overreaction. He was, he claimed, 15 at the time – he was actually 17 and a college student – and he said he had intended to participate in a peaceful demonstration. Lomax said he and his colleagues agreed to stop their protest when police asked them to, but that he was grabbed by a couple of policemen as he was walking away. "That is pretty much the story there, except that it distressed my father very, very much", Lomax told the FBI. "I had to defend my righteous position, and he couldn't understand me and I couldn't understand him. It has made a lot of unhappiness for the two of us because he loved Harvard and wanted me to be a great success there." Lomax transferred to the University of Texas the following year.<sup id="cite_ref-TedGioia_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TedGioia-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Lomax left Harvard, after having spent his sophomore year there, to join John A. Lomax and John Lomax, Jr. in collecting folk songs for the Library of Congress and to assist his father in writing his books. In withdrawing him (in addition to not being able to afford the tuition), the elder Lomax had probably wanted to separate his son from new political associates that he considered undesirable. But Alan had also not been happy there and probably also wanted to be nearer his bereaved<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Why "bereaved"? (May 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> father and young sister, <a href="/wiki/Bess_Lomax_Hawes" title="Bess Lomax Hawes">Bess</a>, and to return to the close friends he had made during his first year at the University of Texas. </p><p>In June 1942 the FBI approached the Librarian of Congress, <a href="/wiki/Archibald_McLeish" class="mw-redirect" title="Archibald McLeish">Archibald McLeish</a>, in an attempt to have Lomax fired as Assistant in Charge of the Library's Archive of American Folk Song. At the time, Lomax was preparing for a field trip to the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Delta" title="Mississippi Delta">Mississippi Delta</a> on behalf of the Library, where he made landmark recordings of Muddy Waters, <a href="/wiki/Son_House" title="Son House">Son House</a>, and <a href="/wiki/David_%22Honeyboy%22_Edwards" title="David "Honeyboy" Edwards">David "Honeyboy" Edwards</a>, among others. McLeish wrote to Hoover, defending Lomax: "I have studied the findings of these reports very carefully. I do not find positive evidence that Mr. Lomax has been engaged in subversive activities and I am therefore taking no disciplinary action toward him." Nevertheless, according to Gioia: </p> <blockquote><p>Yet what the probe failed to find in terms of prosecutable evidence, it made up for in speculation about his character. An FBI report dated July 23, 1943, describes Lomax as possessing "an erratic, artistic temperament" and a "bohemian attitude". It says: "He has a tendency to neglect his work over a period of time and then just before a deadline he produces excellent results." The file quotes one informant who said that "Lomax was a very peculiar individual, that he seemed to be very absent-minded and that he paid practically no attention to his personal appearance." This same source adds that he suspected Lomax's peculiarity and poor grooming habits came from associating with the "<a href="/wiki/Hillbillies" class="mw-redirect" title="Hillbillies">hillbillies</a>" who provided him with folk tunes.</p></blockquote> <p>Lomax, who was a founding member of <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Songs" title="People's Songs">People's Songs</a>, was in charge of campaign music for <a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Wallace" title="Henry A. Wallace">Henry A. Wallace</a>'s 1948 Presidential run on the <a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1948)" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1948)">Progressive Party</a> ticket on a platform opposing the arms race and supporting <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil rights">civil rights</a> for Jews and African Americans. Subsequently, Lomax was one of the performers listed in the publication <a href="/wiki/Red_Channels" title="Red Channels">Red Channels</a> as a possible Communist sympathizer and was consequently blacklisted from working in US entertainment industries. </p><p>A 2007 BBC news article revealed that in the early 1950s, the British <a href="/wiki/MI5" title="MI5">MI5</a> placed Alan Lomax under surveillance as a suspected Communist. Its report concluded that although Lomax undoubtedly held "left wing" views, there was no evidence he was a Communist. Released September 4, 2007 (File ref KV 2/2701), a summary of his MI5 file reads as follows: </p> <blockquote><p>Noted American folk music archivist and collector Alan Lomax first attracted the attention of the Security Service when it was noted that he had made contact with the Romanian press attaché in London while he was working on a series of folk music broadcasts for the BBC in 1952. Correspondence ensued with the American authorities as to Lomax' suspected membership of the Communist Party, though no positive proof is found on this file. The Service took the view that Lomax' work compiling his collections of world folk music gave him a legitimate reason to contact the attaché, and that while his views (as demonstrated by his choice of songs and singers) were undoubtedly left wing, there was no need for any specific action against him.</p></blockquote> <blockquote><p>The file contains a partial record of Lomax' movements, contacts and activities while in Britain, and includes for example a police report of the "Songs of the Iron Road" concert at St Pancras in December 1953. His association with [blacklisted American] film director <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Losey" title="Joseph Losey">Joseph Losey</a> is also mentioned (serial 30a).<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The FBI again investigated Lomax in 1956 and sent a 68-page report to the CIA and the Attorney General's office. However, William Tompkins, assistant attorney general, wrote to Hoover that the investigation had failed to disclose sufficient evidence to warrant prosecution or the suspension of Lomax's passport. </p><p>Then, as late as 1979, an FBI report suggested that Lomax had recently impersonated an FBI agent. The report appears to have been based on mistaken identity. The person who reported the incident to the FBI said that the man in question was around 43, about 5 feet 9 inches and 190 pounds. The FBI file notes that Lomax stood 6 feet (1.8 m) tall, weighed 240 pounds and was 64 at the time: </p> <blockquote><p>Lomax resisted the FBI's attempts to interview him about the impersonation charges, but he finally met with agents at his home in November 1979. He denied that he'd been involved in the matter but did note that he'd been in New Hampshire in July 1979, visiting a film editor about a documentary. The FBI's report concluded that "Lomax made no secret of the fact that he disliked the FBI and disliked being interviewed by the FBI. Lomax was extremely nervous throughout the interview."<sup id="cite_ref-TedGioia_56-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TedGioia-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The FBI investigation was concluded the following year, shortly after Lomax's 65th birthday. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Lomax&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Alan Lomax received the <a href="/wiki/National_Medal_of_Arts" title="National Medal of Arts">National Medal of Arts</a> from President <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> in 1986; a <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Living_Legend" title="Library of Congress Living Legend">Library of Congress Living Legend</a> Award<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 2000; and was awarded an Honorary Doctorate in Philosophy from Tulane University in 2001. He won the <a href="/wiki/National_Book_Critics_Circle_Award" title="National Book Critics Circle Award">National Book Critics Circle Award</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ralph_J._Gleason#Ralph_J._Gleason_Music_Book_Award" title="Ralph J. Gleason">Ralph J. Gleason Music Book Award</a> in 1993 for his book <i>The Land Where the Blues Began</i>, connecting the story of the origins of blues music with the prevalence of forced labor in the pre-World War II South (especially on the Mississippi levees). Lomax also received a posthumous <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Trustees_Award" title="Grammy Trustees Award">Grammy Trustees Award</a> for his lifetime achievements in 2003. <i>Jelly Roll Morton: The Complete Library of Congress Recordings by Alan Lomax</i> (<a href="/wiki/Rounder_Records" title="Rounder Records">Rounder Records</a>, 8 CDs boxed set) won in two categories at the 48th annual Grammy Awards ceremony held on February 8, 2006<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Alan Lomax in Haiti: Recordings For The Library Of Congress, 1936–1937</i>, issued by Harte Records and made with the support and major funding from Kimberley Green and the Green foundation, and featuring 10 CDs of recorded music and film footage (shot by Elizabeth Lomax, then nineteen), a bound book of Lomax's selected letters and field journals, and notes by musicologist Gage Averill, was nominated for two <a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy Award">Grammy Awards</a> in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="World_music_and_digital_legacy">World music and digital legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Lomax&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: World music and digital legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Brian_Eno" title="Brian Eno">Brian Eno</a> wrote of Lomax's later recording career in his notes to accompany an anthology of Lomax's world recordings: </p> <blockquote><p>[He later] turned his intelligent attentions to music from many other parts of the world, securing for them a dignity and status they had not previously been accorded. The "<a href="/wiki/World_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="World Music">World Music</a>" phenomenon arose partly from those efforts, as did his great book, <i>Folk Song Style and Culture</i>. I believe this is one of the most important books ever written about music, in my all time top ten. It is one of the very rare attempts to put cultural criticism onto a serious, comprehensible, and rational footing by someone who had the experience and breadth of vision to be able to do it.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In January 2012, the <a href="/wiki/American_Folklife_Center" title="American Folklife Center">American Folklife Center</a> at the Library of Congress, with the Association for Cultural Equity, announced that it would release Lomax's vast archive in digital form. Lomax spent the last 20 years of his life working on an interactive multimedia educational computer project he called the <a href="/wiki/Cantometrics#Cantometrics_as_an_educational_tool" title="Cantometrics">Global Jukebox</a>, which included 5,000 hours of sound recordings, 400,000 feet of film, 3,000 videotapes, and 5,000 photographs.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By February 2012, 17,000 music tracks from his archived collection were expected to be made available for free streaming, and later some of that music may be for sale as CDs or digital downloads.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt-97th_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt-97th-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> As of March 2012 this has been accomplished. Approximately 17,400 of Lomax's recordings from 1946 and later have been made available free online.<sup id="cite_ref-ACEmusic_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACEmusic-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is material from Alan Lomax's independent archive, begun in 1946, which has been digitized and offered by the Association for Cultural Equity. This is "distinct from the thousands of earlier recordings on acetate and aluminum discs he made from 1933 to 1942 under the auspices of the Library of Congress. This earlier collection – which includes the famous Jelly Roll Morton, Woody Guthrie, Lead Belly, and Muddy Waters sessions, as well as Lomax's prodigious collections made in Haiti and Eastern Kentucky (1937) – is the provenance of the American Folklife Center"<sup id="cite_ref-ACEmusic_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ACEmusic-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at the Library of Congress.<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style></p><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2021</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>On August 24, 1997, at a concert at Wolf Trap in Vienna, Virginia, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a> said about Lomax, who had helped introduce him to folk music and whom he had known as a young man in <a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Village" title="Greenwich Village">Greenwich Village</a>: </p> <blockquote><p>There is a distinguished gentlemen here who came...I want to introduce him – named Alan Lomax. I don't know if many of you have heard of him [Audience applause.] Yes, he's here, he's made a trip out to see me. I used to know him years ago. I learned a lot there and Alan...Alan was one of those who unlocked the secrets of this kind of music. So if we've got anybody to thank, it's Alan. Thanks, Alan.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <p>In 1999 electronica musician <a href="/wiki/Moby" title="Moby">Moby</a> released his fifth album <i><a href="/wiki/Play_(Moby_album)" title="Play (Moby album)">Play</a></i>. It extensively used samples from field recordings collected by Lomax on the 1993 box set <i>Sounds of the South: A Musical Journey from the Georgia Sea Islands to the Mississippi Delta</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Christopher_Weingarten_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christopher_Weingarten-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The album went on to be certified <a href="/wiki/Music_recording_certification" title="Music recording certification">platinum</a> in more than 20 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-Roberts_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roberts-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his autobiography <i>Chronicles, Part One</i>, Bob Dylan recollects a 1961 scene: "There was an art movie house in the Village on 12th Street that showed foreign movies—French, Italian, German. This made sense, because even Alan Lomax himself, the great folk archivist, had said somewhere that if you want to go to America, go to Greenwich Village."<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lomax is portrayed by actor <a href="/wiki/Norbert_Leo_Butz" title="Norbert Leo Butz">Norbert Leo Butz</a> in the 2024 feature film about Bob Dylan's early career entitled <a href="/wiki/A_Complete_Unknown" title="A Complete Unknown">A Complete Unknown</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IMDb_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMDb-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Lomax&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A partial list of books by Alan Lomax includes: </p> <ul><li><i>L'Anno piu' felice della mia vita</i> (<i>The Happiest Year of My Life</i>), a book of ethnographic photos by Alan Lomax from his 1954–55 fieldwork in Italy, edited by Goffredo Plastino, preface by <a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a>. Milano: Il Saggiatore, M2008.</li> <li><i>Alan Lomax: Mirades Miradas Glances</i>. Photos by Alan Lomax, ed. by <a href="/wiki/Antoni_Piz%C3%A0" title="Antoni Pizà">Antoni Pizà</a> (Barcelona: Lunwerg / Fundacio Sa Nostra, 2006) <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/84-9785-271-0" title="Special:BookSources/84-9785-271-0">84-9785-271-0</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iqsoOWIqIAsC"><i>Alan Lomax: Selected Writings 1934–1997</i></a>. Ronald D. Cohen, Editor (includes a chapter defining all the categories of <a href="/wiki/Cantometrics" title="Cantometrics">cantometrics</a>). New York: Routledge: 2003.</li> <li><i>Brown Girl in the Ring: An Anthology of Song Games from the Eastern Caribbean</i> Compiler, with J. D. Elder and <a href="/wiki/Bess_Lomax_Hawes" title="Bess Lomax Hawes">Bess Lomax Hawes</a>. New York: Pantheon Books, 1997 (Cloth, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-679-40453-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-679-40453-8">0-679-40453-8</a>); New York: Random House, 1998 (Cloth).</li> <li><i>The Land Where The Blues Began</i>. New York: Pantheon, 1993.</li> <li><i>Cantometrics: An Approach to the Anthropology of Music: Audiocassettes and a Handbook</i>. Berkeley: University of California Media Extension Center, 1976.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AbAiCa0GBjMC"><i>Folk Song Style and Culture</i></a>. With contributions by Conrad Arensberg, Edwin E. Erickson, Victor Grauer, Norman Berkowitz, <a href="/wiki/Irmgard_Bartenieff" title="Irmgard Bartenieff">Irmgard Bartenieff</a>, Forrestine Paulay, <a href="/wiki/Joan_Halifax" title="Joan Halifax">Joan Halifax</a>, Barbara Ayres, Norman N. Markel, <a href="/wiki/Roswell_Rudd" title="Roswell Rudd">Roswell Rudd</a>, Monika Vizedom, Fred Peng, Roger Wescott, David Brown. Washington, D.C.: Colonial Press Inc, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Publication no. 88, 1968.</li> <li><i>Penguin Book of American Folk Songs</i> (1968)</li> <li><i>3000 Years of Black Poetry</i>. Alan Lomax and Raoul Abdul, Editors. New York: Dodd Mead Company, 1969. Paperback edition, Fawcett Publications, 1971.</li> <li><i>The Leadbelly Songbook</i>. Moses Asch and Alan Lomax, Editors. Musical transcriptions by <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Silverman" title="Jerry Silverman">Jerry Silverman</a>. Foreword by <a href="/wiki/Moses_Asch" title="Moses Asch">Moses Asch</a>. New York: Oak Publications, 1962.</li> <li><i>Folk Songs of North America.</i> Melodies and guitar chords transcribed by <a href="/wiki/Peggy_Seeger" title="Peggy Seeger">Peggy Seeger</a>. New York: Doubleday, 1960.</li> <li><i>The Rainbow Sign</i>. New York: Duell, Sloan and Pierce, 1959.</li> <li><i>Leadbelly: A Collection of World Famous Songs by Huddie Ledbetter</i>. Edited with John A. Lomax. Hally Wood, Music Editor. Special note on <a href="/wiki/Lead_Belly" title="Lead Belly">Lead Belly</a>'s 12-string guitar by Pete Seeger. New York: Folkways Music Publishers Company, 1959.</li> <li><i>Harriet and Her Harmonium: An American adventure with thirteen folk songs from the Lomax collection</i>. Illustrated by <a href="/wiki/Pearl_Binder" title="Pearl Binder">Pearl Binder</a>. Music arranged by Robert Gill. London: Faber and Faber, 1955.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_tMR5TvVaZ6UC"><i>Mister Jelly Roll: The Fortunes of Jelly Roll Morton, New Orleans Creole and "Inventor of Jazz"</i></a>. Drawings by <a href="/wiki/David_Stone_Martin" title="David Stone Martin">David Stone Martin</a>. New York: Duell, Sloan and Pierce, 1950.</li> <li><i>Folk Song: USA</i>. With John A. Lomax. Piano accompaniment by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Seeger" title="Charles Seeger">Charles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ruth_Crawford_Seeger" title="Ruth Crawford Seeger">Ruth Crawford Seeger</a>. New York: Duell, Sloan and Pierce, c.1947. Republished as <i>Best Loved American Folk Songs</i>, New York: Grosset and Dunlap, 1947 (Cloth).</li> <li><i>Freedom Songs of the United Nations</i>. With Svatava Jakobson. Washington, D.C.: Office of War Information, 1943.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=i_J4Ii9oArsC"><i>Our Singing Country: Folk Songs and Ballads</i></a>. With John A. Lomax and Ruth Crawford Seeger. New York: MacMillan, 1941.</li> <li><i>Check-list of Recorded Songs in the English Language in the Archive of American Folk Song in July 1940.</i> Washington, D.C.: Music Division, Library of Congress, 1942. Three volumes.</li> <li><i>American Folksong and Folklore: A Regional Bibliography</i>. With <a href="/wiki/Sidney_Robertson_Cowell" title="Sidney Robertson Cowell">Sidney Robertson Cowell</a>. New York, Progressive Education Association, 1942. Reprint, Temecula, California: Reprint Services Corp., 1988 (62 pp. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7812-0767-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7812-0767-3">0-7812-0767-3</a>).</li> <li><i>Negro Folk Songs as Sung by Lead Belly</i>. With John A. Lomax. New York: Macmillan, 1936.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Dn0cSe2ecuoC"><i>American ballads and folk songs</i></a>. With John Avery Lomax. Macmillan, 1934.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Film">Film</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Lomax&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lomax_the_Songhunter" title="Lomax the Songhunter">Lomax the Songhunter</a></i>, documentary directed by Rogier Kappers, 2004 (issued on DVD 2007).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.media-generation.com/DVD%20PAGES/LOMAX/Patchwork/Patchwork.htm"><i>American Patchwork</i></a> television series, 1990 (five DVDs).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.media-generation.com/DVD%20PAGES/Oss%20Tales/OSS.htm"><i>Oss Oss Wee Oss</i></a> 1951 (on a DVD with other films related to the Padstow May Day).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.media-generation.com/DVD%20PAGES/Rhythms/Rhythm.htm"><i>Rhythms of Earth</i>.</a> Four films (<i>Dance & Human History</i>, <i>Step Style</i>, <i>Palm Play</i>, and <i>The Longest Trail</i>) made by Lomax (1974–1984) about his Choreometric cross-cultural analysis of dance and movement style. Two-and-a-half hours, plus one-and-a-half hours of interviews and 177 pages of text.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.media-generation.com/DVD%20PAGES/Land/Land.html"><i>The Land Where The Blues Began</i></a>, expanded, thirtieth-anniversary edition of the 1979 documentary by Alan Lomax, filmmaker <a href="/wiki/John_Melville_Bishop" title="John Melville Bishop">John Melville Bishop</a>, and ethnomusicologist and civil rights activist Worth Long, with 3.5 hours of additional music and video.</li> <li><i>Ballads, Blues and Bluegrass</i>, an Alan Lomax documentary released in 2012. His assistant <a href="/wiki/Carla_Rotolo" title="Carla Rotolo">Carla Rotolo</a> was seen in the film.</li> <li><i>Southern Journey (Revisited)</i>, this 2020 documentary retraces the route of an iconic song-collecting trip from the late 1950s - Alan Lomax's so-called "Southern Journey".</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Lomax&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Notable_alumni_of_St._Mark%27s_School_of_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Notable alumni of St. Mark's School of Texas">Notable alumni of St. Mark's School of Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Brennan_(music_producer)" title="Ian Brennan (music producer)">Ian Brennan (music producer)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantometrics" title="Cantometrics">Cantometrics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Singing_Street" title="The Singing Street">The Singing Street</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Lomax&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/folklife/lomax/alanlomaxcollection.html">"Alan Lomax Collection (The American Folklife Center, Library of Congress)"</a>. Loc.gov. May 15, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 2,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alan+Lomax+Collection+%28The+American+Folklife+Center%2C+Library+of+Congress%29&rft.pub=Loc.gov&rft.date=2015-05-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Ffolklife%2Flomax%2Falanlomaxcollection.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Lomax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">During <a href="/wiki/The_New_Deal" class="mw-redirect" title="The New Deal">the New Deal</a> called "applied folklore" or "functionalism" by <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Botkin" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin Botkin">Benjamin Botkin</a>, see John Alexander Williams, "The Professionalization of Folklore Studies: a Comparative Perspective", <i>Journal of the Folklore Institute</i> 11: 3 (March 1975); 211–34.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theattic.space/home-page-blogs/2019/2/15/where-the-songs-live">"Where the Songs Live"</a>. <i>The Attic</i>. February 15, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Attic&rft.atitle=Where+the+Songs+Live&rft.date=2019-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theattic.space%2Fhome-page-blogs%2F2019%2F2%2F15%2Fwhere-the-songs-live&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Lomax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/today/pr/2015/15-008.html">"The American Folklife Center Celebrates Lomax Centennial"</a>. Loc.gov. January 15, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+American+Folklife+Center+Celebrates+Lomax+Centennial&rft.pub=Loc.gov&rft.date=2015-01-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Ftoday%2Fpr%2F2015%2F15-008.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Lomax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150208232056/http://www.biography.com/people/alan-lomax-21286895">"Alan Lomax Biography"</a>. Biography.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biography.com/people/alan-lomax-21286895">the original</a> on February 8, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alan+Lomax+Biography&rft.pub=Biography.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biography.com%2Fpeople%2Falan-lomax-21286895&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Lomax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cultural-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cultural_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cultural_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cultural_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220605103636/https://www.culturalequity.org/alan-lomax/about-alan">"About Alan Lomax"</a>. <i>Cultural Equality</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.culturalequity.org/alan-lomax/about-alan">the original</a> on June 5, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 24,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cultural+Equality&rft.atitle=About+Alan+Lomax&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.culturalequity.org%2Falan-lomax%2Fabout-alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Lomax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUntiedt2009" class="citation book cs1">Untiedt, Kenneth (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/676695891"><i>Celebrating 100 years of the Texas Folklore Society, 1909-2009</i></a>. Texas Folklore Society (1st ed.). Denton, Tex.: University of North Texas Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4416-7885-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4416-7885-0"><bdi>978-1-4416-7885-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/676695891">676695891</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Celebrating+100+years+of+the+Texas+Folklore+Society%2C+1909-2009&rft.place=Denton%2C+Tex.&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=University+of+North+Texas+Press&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F676695891&rft.isbn=978-1-4416-7885-0&rft.aulast=Untiedt&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F676695891&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Lomax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Szwed, <i>Alan Lomax: The Man Who Recorded the World</i> (New York: Viking, 2010), p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Szwed_p._21-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Szwed_p._21_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Szwed_p._21_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Szwed (2010), p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Szwed (2010), p. 22.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Szwed (2010), p. 24.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Szwed (2010), p. 92.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Szwed (2010), p. 91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sampler-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sampler_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sampler_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210124191108/https://www.loc.gov/folklife/sampler/FLaudio.html">"National Sampler: Florida Audio and Video Samples and Notes"</a>. <i>The American Folklife Center</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/folklife/sampler/FLaudio.html">the original</a> on January 24, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 24,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Folklife+Center&rft.atitle=National+Sampler%3A+Florida+Audio+and+Video+Samples+and+Notes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Ffolklife%2Fsampler%2FFLaudio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Lomax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.popmatters.com/music/features/020315-stpatrick-stone.html">"Music Reviews"</a>. <i>PopMatters</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PopMatters&rft.atitle=Music+Reviews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.popmatters.com%2Fmusic%2Ffeatures%2F020315-stpatrick-stone.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Lomax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHase2016" class="citation web cs1">Hase, Nico (November 4, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220925002506/https://devonandnicohase.com/blog/2016/11/4/joan-halifax-mindfulness-and-the-most-important-thing-1">"Joan Halifax, Mindfulness, and the Most Important Thing"</a>. <i>Devon and Nico Hase</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://devonandnicohase.com/blog/2016/11/4/joan-halifax-mindfulness-and-the-most-important-thing-1">the original</a> on September 25, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 24,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Devon+and+Nico+Hase&rft.atitle=Joan+Halifax%2C+Mindfulness%2C+and+the+Most+Important+Thing&rft.date=2016-11-04&rft.aulast=Hase&rft.aufirst=Nico&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdevonandnicohase.com%2Fblog%2F2016%2F11%2F4%2Fjoan-halifax-mindfulness-and-the-most-important-thing-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Lomax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220422185652/https://www.loc.gov/collections/john-a-lomax-and-alan-lomax-papers/about-this-collection/">"John A Lomax and Alan Lomax Papers: About this Collection"</a>. <i>Library of Congress</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/collections/john-a-lomax-and-alan-lomax-papers/about-this-collection/">the original</a> on April 22, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 24,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Library+of+Congress&rft.atitle=John+A+Lomax+and+Alan+Lomax+Papers%3A+About+this+Collection&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fcollections%2Fjohn-a-lomax-and-alan-lomax-papers%2Fabout-this-collection%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Lomax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon2013" class="citation book cs1">Gordon, Robert (2013). <i>Can't be Satisfied: the life and times of Muddy Waters</i>. Edinburgh: Canongate. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780857868695" title="Special:BookSources/9780857868695"><bdi>9780857868695</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Can%27t+be+Satisfied%3A+the+life+and+times+of+Muddy+Waters&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pub=Canongate&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780857868695&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Lomax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Episode_4_Title:_Michigan-I-O-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Episode_4_Title:_Michigan-I-O_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLibrary_of_Congress" class="citation web cs1">Library of Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/podcasts/lomax/pdf/podcast4_michiganio_script.pdf">"Episode 4 Title: "Michigan-I-O"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Library of Congress</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 31,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Library+of+Congress&rft.atitle=Episode+4+Title%3A+%22Michigan-I-O%22&rft.au=Library+of+Congress&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fpodcasts%2Flomax%2Fpdf%2Fpodcast4_michiganio_script.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Lomax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Colin Scott and David Evans, liner Notes to <i>Poor Man's Heaven</i> (2003) CD in RCA Bluebird series <i>When the Sun Goes Down, The Secret History of Rock and Roll</i>, ASIN: B000092Q48. <i>Midnight Special and Other Prison Songs</i> was reissued complete on Bluebird in 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Szwed (2010), p. 163.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Szwed (2010), p. 167.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alan put the blame on CBS president William Paley, who he claimed 'hated all that hillbilly music on his network'" (Szwed [2010], p. 167).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quoted in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_D._Cohen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ronald D. Cohen (page does not exist)">Ronald D. Cohen</a>, <i>The Rainbow Quest</i> (University of Massachusetts Press, 2002), p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alan Lomax "Songs of the American Folk", <i>Modern Music</i> 18 (Jan.-Feb. 1941), quoted in Cohen (2002), p. 25.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/afcphhtml/afcphhome.html">"After the Day of Infamy: 'Man-on-the-Street' Interviews Following the Attack on Pearl Harbor"</a>. Memory.loc.gov. December 8, 1941<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=After+the+Day+of+Infamy%3A+%27Man-on-the-Street%27+Interviews+Following+the+Attack+on+Pearl+Harbor&rft.pub=Memory.loc.gov&rft.date=1941-12-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmemory.loc.gov%2Fammem%2Fafcphhtml%2Fafcphhome.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Lomax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaufman2017" class="citation book cs1">Kaufman, Will (2017). <i>Woody Guthrie's Modern World Blues</i>. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 265. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-5761-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-5761-0"><bdi>978-0-8061-5761-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Woody+Guthrie%27s+Modern+World+Blues&rft.pages=265&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-8061-5761-0&rft.aulast=Kaufman&rft.aufirst=Will&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Lomax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Matthew Barton and Andrew L. Kaye, in Ronald D. Cohen (ed), <i>Alan Lomax Selected Writings</i>, (New York: Routledge, 2003), pp. 98–99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160919072359/http://www.wnyc.org/shows/vd-radio-project/about">"V.D. Radio Project | WNYC"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wnyc.org/shows/vd-radio-project/about">the original</a> on September 19, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 5,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=V.D.+Radio+Project+%26%23124%3B+WNYC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wnyc.org%2Fshows%2Fvd-radio-project%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Lomax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Szwed, (2010), pp. 250–51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Congress passed the Act in Sept. 1950 over the veto of President Truman, who called it "the greatest danger to freedom of speech, press, and assembly since the Alien and Sedition Laws of 1798," a "mockery of the Bill of Rights", and a "long step toward totalitarianism". See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trumanlibrary.org/publicpapers/viewpapers.php?pid=883">Harry S. Truman, "Veto of the Internal Security Bill"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070301113033/http://trumanlibrary.org/publicpapers/viewpapers.php?pid=883">Archived</a> March 1, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Harry S. Truman Library website</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Szwed (2010), p. 248.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Szwed (2010) p. 251.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Szwed_p._274-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Szwed_p._274_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Szwed_p._274_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Szwed (2010), p. 274.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Szwed (2010), p. 275.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b01h666r/The_First_LP_in_Ireland/">"BBC Radio 4 – The First LP in Ireland"</a>. Bbc.co.uk. May 10, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BBC+Radio+4+%E2%80%93+The+First+LP+in+Ireland&rft.pub=Bbc.co.uk&rft.date=2014-05-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fiplayer%2Fepisode%2Fb01h666r%2FThe_First_LP_in_Ireland%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Lomax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGareth_Huw_Davies2013" class="citation web cs1">Gareth Huw Davies (April 7, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.garethhuwdavies.com/uncategorized/david-attenborough-talks-about-his-early-years-making-a-musical-series/">"David Attenborough talks about his early years – making a music series"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 18,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=David+Attenborough+talks+about+his+early+years+%E2%80%93+making+a+music+series&rft.date=2013-04-07&rft.au=Gareth+Huw+Davies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.garethhuwdavies.com%2Funcategorized%2Fdavid-attenborough-talks-about-his-early-years-making-a-musical-series%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Lomax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thecroft.wordpress.com/2010/02/06/alan-lomax-the-gaels/">"Alan Lomax & The Gaels"</a>. <i>The Croft</i>. February 6, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 21,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Croft&rft.atitle=Alan+Lomax+%26+The+Gaels&rft.date=2010-02-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthecroft.wordpress.com%2F2010%2F02%2F06%2Falan-lomax-the-gaels%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Lomax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKean2002" class="citation magazine cs1">McKean, Tom (November 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090629064207/http://www.leopardmag.co.uk/feats/29/alan-lomax">"The Gatherer of Songs"</a>. <i>Leopard</i>. <a href="/wiki/Aberdeen" title="Aberdeen">Aberdeen, Scotland</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leopardmag.co.uk/feats/29/alan-lomax">the original</a> on June 29, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 21,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Leopard&rft.atitle=The+Gatherer+of+Songs&rft.date=2002-11&rft.aulast=McKean&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leopardmag.co.uk%2Ffeats%2F29%2Falan-lomax&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Lomax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Quoted in Ronald D. Cohen's <i> Rainbow Quest</i>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Massachusetts_Press" title="University of Massachusetts Press">University of Massachusetts Press</a>, 2002, p. 140</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogers,_Jude2008" class="citation news cs1">Rogers, Jude (March 21, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://music.guardian.co.uk/folk/story/0,,2266935,00.html">"You want no sheen, just the song"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 14,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=You+want+no+sheen%2C+just+the+song&rft.date=2008-03-21&rft.au=Rogers%2C+Jude&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmusic.guardian.co.uk%2Ffolk%2Fstory%2F0%2C%2C2266935%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Lomax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Collins, Shirley, <i>America Over The Water</i>, SAF Publishing, 2004, pp.154–160</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Collins described her arrival in America 1959 in an interview with Johan Kugelberg: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Kugelberg: Lomax met you? </p><p>Collins: He was on the dockside with Anne, his daughter...I think I arrived in April and I don't think we went south until August. It took quite a long time to get the money together; it kept falling through. I think Columbia was going to pay for it at one point, but they insisted he have a union engineer with him and someone extra like that—in situations we were going to be in would have been hopeless. So he refused, and they withdrew their funding. It was very last minute that the Ertegun brothers at Atlantic gave us the cash and we were gone within days of getting that money. Alan had wanted to do it earlier, but there was just no money to do it with. He had no money, ever. He was always living hand to mouth. </p><p>Kugelberg: That's the nature of somebody who is making the path as he's going along. Also as a sidebar, considering who the Ertegun brothers were at that point in time, it's surprising to me that they greenlighted that project at that point in time. I love that series, I think it's one of the great series of albums ever. It's surprising that Atlantic Records made that leap of faith because the series is sort of outside of their paradigm. So, those months were spent in New York? </p><p>Collins: We went to another place actually, we went to California, to the California Folk festival in Berkeley, this was sometime in the summer. And we stopped off in Chicago and stayed with <a href="/wiki/Studs_Terkel" title="Studs Terkel">Studs Terkel</a> who was a hospitable man and his wonderful hospitable wife. Caught the train out to San Francisco from Chicago, which was an incredible experience. Sang at the Berkeley festival and met Jimmy Driftwood there for the first time. We all hit it off wonderfully. </p><p>Kugelberg: Your friends in England were dying of envy. </p><p> Collins: No, they didn't know.</p></blockquote>(<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKugelberg,_Johan" class="citation web cs1">Kugelberg, Johan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.furious.com/PERFECT/shirleycollins2.html">"Shirley Collins interview, part 2 of 5"</a>. furious.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629143844/http://www.furious.com/PERFECT/shirleycollins2.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 29, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 14,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shirley+Collins+interview%2C+part+2+of+5&rft.pub=furious.com&rft.au=Kugelberg%2C+Johan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.furious.com%2FPERFECT%2Fshirleycollins2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Lomax" class="Z3988"></span>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Szwed (2010), p. 344.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carl Sagan, <i>Murmurs of Earth: The Voyager Interstellar Record</i> (New York: Random House, 1978), pp. 204–205.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ng62EsjTK9U"><span class="plainlinks">Bulgarian singer Valya Balkanska, "Shepherdess Song"</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carl Sagan, <i>Murmurs of Earth: The Voyager Interstellar Record</i> (New York: Random House, 1978), p. 16.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-obit-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nyt-obit_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJon_Pareles2002" class="citation news cs1">Jon Pareles (July 20, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/20/arts/alan-lomax-who-raised-voice-of-folk-music-in-us-dies-at-87.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm">"Alan Lomax, Who Raised Voice of Folk Music in U.S., Dies at 87"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 28,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Alan+Lomax%2C+Who+Raised+Voice+of+Folk+Music+in+U.S.%2C+Dies+at+87&rft.date=2002-07-20&rft.au=Jon+Pareles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2002%2F07%2F20%2Farts%2Falan-lomax-who-raised-voice-of-folk-music-in-us-dies-at-87.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dall%26src%3Dpm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Lomax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110930225753/http://www.culturalequity.org/ace/ce_ace_about_ce.php">"About Cultural Equity"</a>. culturalequity.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.culturalequity.org/ace/ce_ace_about_ce.php">the original</a> on September 30, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 14,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+Cultural+Equity&rft.pub=culturalequity.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.culturalequity.org%2Face%2Fce_ace_about_ce.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Lomax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">[America Sings the Saga of America" (1947)]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ironically, perhaps, the phrase originated in an <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usfamily.net/web/timwalker/sitedocs/1world.html">article</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120913191212/http://www.usfamily.net/web/timwalker/sitedocs/1world.html">Archived</a> September 13, 2012, at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a>, later a best-selling <a href="/wiki/One_World_(Willkie_book)" title="One World (Willkie book)">1943 book</a> by Republican candidate <a href="/wiki/Wendell_Willkie" title="Wendell Willkie">Wendell Willkie</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719222738/http://www.nea.gov/honors/heritage/allheritage.html">"National Endowment for the Arts, National Heritage Fellowships 2008"</a>. www.nea.gov. 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nea.gov/honors/heritage/allheritage.html">the original</a> on July 19, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 14,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Endowment+for+the+Arts%2C+National+Heritage+Fellowships+2008&rft.pub=www.nea.gov&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nea.gov%2Fhonors%2Fheritage%2Fallheritage.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Lomax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ace-about-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ace-about_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.culturalequity.org/ace/about-ace">"About The Association for Cultural Equity | Association for Cultural Equity"</a>. <i>The Association for Cultural Equity</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Association+for+Cultural+Equity&rft.atitle=About+The+Association+for+Cultural+Equity+%26%23124%3B+Association+for+Cultural+Equity&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.culturalequity.org%2Face%2Fabout-ace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Lomax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.louisianafolklife.org/LT/Articles_Essays/LFMlomax.html">"Lomax in Louisiana: Trials and Triumph"</a>. Louisianafolklife.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lomax+in+Louisiana%3A+Trials+and+Triumph&rft.pub=Louisianafolklife.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.louisianafolklife.org%2FLT%2FArticles_Essays%2FLFMlomax.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Lomax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">On the vital connection between biological diversity and cultural diversity, see Maywa Montenegro and Terry Glavin, "Scientists Offer New Insight into What to Protect of the World's Rapidly Vanishing Languages, Cultures, and Species" in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090327204519/http://seedmagazine.com/content/article/in_defense_of_difference/"><i>In Defense of Difference: Seed Magazine</i> (Oct. 2008)</a>: "Last October, when United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) released its Global Outlook 4 report, reiterating the scientific consensus that, ultimately, humans are to blame for current global extinctions, UNEP for the first time made an explicit connection between the ongoing collapse of biological diversity and the rapid, global-scale withering of cultural and linguistic diversity: 'Global social and economic change is driving the loss of biodiversity and disrupting local ways of life by promoting cultural assimilation and homogenization,' the report noted. 'Cultural change, such as loss of cultural and spiritual values, languages, and traditional knowledge and practices, is a driver that can cause increasing pressures on biodiversity...In turn, these pressures impact human well-being'".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TedGioia-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TedGioia_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TedGioia_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TedGioia_56-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGioia2006" class="citation web cs1">Gioia, Ted (April 23, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-apr-23-ca-lomax23-story.html">"The Red-rumor blues"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220903015953/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-apr-23-ca-lomax23-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 3, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 24,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=The+Red-rumor+blues&rft.date=2006-04-23&rft.aulast=Gioia&rft.aufirst=Ted&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-2006-apr-23-ca-lomax23-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Lomax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See the Ann Burlak papers at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://asteria.fivecolleges.edu/findaids/sophiasmith/mnsss189_bioghist.html">Archives of Smith College</a>. Miss Berkman was defended by a lawyer from the International Labor Defense, the same organization that later defended the <a href="/wiki/Scottsboro_Boys" title="Scottsboro Boys">Scottsboro Boys</a>. See "Edith Berkman Will Fight Deportation", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1928&dat=19310729&id=ojYjAAAAIBAJ&sjid=wGoFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4498,2325885"><i>Lewiston Daily Sun</i> clip</a> for July 29, 1931.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090207040944/http://www.mi5.gov.uk/output/communists-and-suspected-communists-3.html">"4 September 2007 releases: Communists and suspected Communists"</a>. <i>Security Services M15</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mi5.gov.uk/output/communists-and-suspected-communists-3.html">the original</a> on February 7, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 24,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Security+Services+M15&rft.atitle=4+September+2007+releases%3A+Communists+and+suspected+Communists&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mi5.gov.uk%2Foutput%2Fcommunists-and-suspected-communists-3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Lomax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080708100103/http://www.loc.gov/about/awards/legends/">"About the Library | Library of Congress"</a>. <i>Library of Congress</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/about/awards/legends/">the original</a> on July 8, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Library+of+Congress&rft.atitle=About+the+Library+%26%23124%3B+Library+of+Congress&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fabout%2Fawards%2Flegends%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Lomax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarton" class="citation web cs1">Barton, Matt. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/0603/roll.html">"Jelly Roll Wins at Grammys (March 2006) – Library of Congress Information Bulletin"</a>. Loc.gov<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jelly+Roll+Wins+at+Grammys+%28March+2006%29+%E2%80%93+Library+of+Congress+Information+Bulletin&rft.pub=Loc.gov&rft.aulast=Barton&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Floc%2Flcib%2F0603%2Froll.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Lomax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.grammy.com/news/the-culture-of-haiti-comes-to-life">"The Culture of Haiti Comes To Life"</a>. GRAMMY.com. January 25, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Culture+of+Haiti+Comes+To+Life&rft.pub=GRAMMY.com&rft.date=2010-01-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grammy.com%2Fnews%2Fthe-culture-of-haiti-comes-to-life&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Lomax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brian Eno, in liner notes to the <i>Alan Lomax Collection Sampler</i> (Rounder Records, 1997)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120202124514/http://www.thetakeaway.org/2012/jan/31/the-global-jukeboxs-premiere/">"The Premiere of the Global Jukebox"</a>. <i>The Takeaway</i>. January 31, 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thetakeaway.org/2012/jan/31/the-global-jukeboxs-premiere/">the original</a> on February 2, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 24,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Takeaway&rft.atitle=The+Premiere+of+the+Global+Jukebox&rft.date=2012-01-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetakeaway.org%2F2012%2Fjan%2F31%2Fthe-global-jukeboxs-premiere%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Lomax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-97th-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nyt-97th_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRohter,_Larry2012" class="citation news cs1">Rohter, Larry (January 30, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/31/arts/music/the-alan-lomax-collection-from-the-american-folklife-center.html/partner/rssnyt?_r=1&pagewanted=all">"Folklorist's Global Jukebox Goes Digital"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 31,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Folklorist%27s+Global+Jukebox+Goes+Digital&rft.date=2012-01-30&rft.au=Rohter%2C+Larry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F01%2F31%2Farts%2Fmusic%2Fthe-alan-lomax-collection-from-the-american-folklife-center.html%2Fpartner%2Frssnyt%3F_r%3D1%26pagewanted%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Lomax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ACEmusic-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ACEmusic_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ACEmusic_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.culturalequity.org/">"Lomax Digital Archive"</a>. Association for Cultural Equity.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lomax+Digital+Archive&rft.pub=Association+for+Cultural+Equity&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.culturalequity.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Lomax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/blogs/therecord/2012/03/28/148915022/alan-lomaxs-massive-archive-goes-online">"Alan Lomax's Massive Archive Goes Online : The Record"</a>. NPR. March 28, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 8,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Alan+Lomax%27s+Massive+Archive+Goes+Online+%3A+The+Record&rft.pub=NPR&rft.date=2012-03-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fblogs%2Ftherecord%2F2012%2F03%2F28%2F148915022%2Falan-lomaxs-massive-archive-goes-online&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Lomax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bob Dylan, quoted in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aln2.albumlinernotes.com/Popular_Songbook.html">Jeffrey Greenberg, liner notes to <i>Alan Lomax: Popular Songbook</i>, Rounder 82161-1863-2T</a>, on website <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://albumlinernotes.com/Home_Page.html">Album Liner Notes.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Christopher_Weingarten-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Christopher_Weingarten_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeingarten2009" class="citation magazine cs1">Weingarten, Christopher R. (July 2, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/play-10-years-later-mobys-track-by-track-guide-to-1999s-global-smash-20090702">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Play" 10 Years Later: Moby's Track by Track Guide to 1999's Global Smash"</a>. <i>Rolling Stone</i>. New York<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 1,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=%22Play%22+10+Years+Later%3A+Moby%27s+Track+by+Track+Guide+to+1999%27s+Global+Smash&rft.date=2009-07-02&rft.aulast=Weingarten&rft.aufirst=Christopher+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fmusic%2Fnews%2Fplay-10-years-later-mobys-track-by-track-guide-to-1999s-global-smash-20090702&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Lomax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Roberts-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Roberts_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2006" class="citation book cs1">Roberts, David (2006). <i>British Hit Singles & Albums</i> (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records. p. 372. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-904994-10-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-904994-10-5"><bdi>1-904994-10-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=British+Hit+Singles+%26+Albums&rft.place=London&rft.pages=372&rft.edition=19th&rft.pub=Guinness+World+Records&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1-904994-10-5&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Lomax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDylan2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Dylan, Bob</a> (2004). <i>Chronicles, Part One</i>. Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/07-4323-0760" title="Special:BookSources/07-4323-0760"><bdi>07-4323-0760</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chronicles%2C+Part+One&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=07-4323-0760&rft.aulast=Dylan&rft.aufirst=Bob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Lomax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMDb-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IMDb_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt11563598/reference/">"A Complete Unknown"</a>. <i>IMDb.com</i>. IMDb.com, Inc<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 25,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMDb.com&rft.atitle=A+Complete+Unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt11563598%2Freference%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Lomax" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Lomax&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Barton, Matthew. "The Lomaxes", pp. 151–169, in Spenser, Scott B. <i>The Ballad Collectors of North America: How Gathering Folksongs Transformed Academic Thought and American Identity (American Folk Music and Musicians Series)</i>. Plymouth, UK: Scarecrow Press. 2011. The American song collecting of John A. and Alan Lomax in historical perspective.</li> <li>Salsburg, Nathan (2019) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://acousticguitar.com/alan-lomaxs-steel-string-discoveries/">Southern Journeys: Alan Lomax's Steel-String Discoveries.</a></i> Acoustic Guitar magazine, March/April 2019.</li> <li>Sorce Keller, Marcello. "Kulturkreise, Culture Areas, and Chronotopes: Old Concepts Reconsidered for the Mapping of Music Cultures Today", in Britta Sweers and Sarah H. Ross (eds.) <i>Cultural Mapping and Musical Diversity</i>. Sheffield UK/Bristol CT: Equinox Publishing Ltd. 2020, 19–34.</li> <li>Szwed, John. <i>Alan Lomax: The Man Who Recorded the World </i>. New York: Viking Press, 2010 (438 pp.: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-670-02199-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-670-02199-4">978-0-670-02199-4</a>) / London: William Heinemann, 2010 (438 pp.;<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-434-01232-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-434-01232-9">978-0-434-01232-9</a>). Comprehensive biography.</li> <li>Wood, Anna Lomax. <i>Songs of Earth: Aesthetic and Social Codes in Music.</i> Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2021. 480 pages. ISBN: 1496840356.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Lomax&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lomax" class="extiw" title="commons:Alan Lomax">Alan Lomax</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0518250/">Alan Lomax</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://roothogordie.wordpress.com/2012/09/24/alan-lomaxs-list-of-american-folk-songs-on-commercial-records/">Alan Lomax's "List of American Folk Songs on Commercial Records" (1940)</a> September 24, 2012.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130509051359/http://americanroutes.wwno.org/player/show/788/hour/1">"The Sonic Journey of Alan Lomax: Recording America and the World"</a> (NPR streaming radio podcast, 2 hours) <i>American Routes</i> (March 13, 2013). <a href="/wiki/Nick_Spitzer" title="Nick Spitzer">Nick Spitzer</a>, host. Features interviews with Lomax biographer <a href="/wiki/John_Szwed" title="John Szwed">John Szwed</a>, daughter <a href="/wiki/Anna_Lomax_Wood" title="Anna Lomax Wood">Anna Lomax Wood</a>, nephew John Lomax III, folksinger <a href="/wiki/Pete_Seeger" title="Pete Seeger">Pete Seeger</a>, and some past interviews with Lomax himself.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/folklife/lomax/">Alan Lomax Collection, The American Folklife Center, Library of Congress</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100123181749/http://www.culturalequity.org/alanlomax/ce_alanlomax_remembering_gc.php">"Remembrances of Alan Lomax, 2002" by Guy Carawan</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071227015053/http://www.buffaloreport.com/020726lomax.html">"Alan Lomax: Citizen Activist", by Ronald D. Cohen</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071227015053/http://www.buffaloreport.com/020726lomax.html">"Remembering Alan Lomax"</a> by Bruce Jackson</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629143844/http://www.furious.com/PERFECT/shirleycollins2.html">Interview with Shirley Collins</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151118083841/http://www.folkstreams.net/filmmaker,121">Alan Lomax</a> at <a href="/wiki/Folkstreams" title="Folkstreams">Folkstreams</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Yw2O8hdlpfQ"><span class="plainlinks"> Alan Lomax - Southern prison music and Lead Belly</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a>, a scene from <i>Lomax the songhunter</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.der.org/films/oss-tales.html"><i>Oss Oss Wee Oss</i></a>, a DVD of the <a href="/wiki/%27Obby_%27Oss_festival" title="'Obby 'Oss festival">Padstow May Day Ceremony</a> (1951)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/18/t-magazine/mississippi-blues-travelers.html">"Blues Travelers"</a>, <i>The New York Times</i>, May 17, 2012.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://culturalequity.org/alan-lomax/works">"Works by Alan Lomax"</a>. <i>The Association for Cultural Equity</i>. November 5, 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Association+for+Cultural+Equity&rft.atitle=Works+by+Alan+Lomax&rft.date=2001-11-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fculturalequity.org%2Falan-lomax%2Fworks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Lomax" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Lomax and <a href="/wiki/Lead_Belly" title="Lead Belly">Lead Belly</a> together <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110822153915/http://www.wnyc.org/blogs/neh-preservation-project/2011/aug/19/leadbelly_and_lomax/">Link</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.culturalequity.org/field-work/ireland-1951-and-1953/macroom-i-151/shule-agra">"Shule Agra"</a>. <i>Lomax Digital Archive</i>. Performer: Cronin, Elizabeth; Recordist: Lomax, Alan. January 24, 1951.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lomax+Digital+Archive&rft.atitle=Shule+Agra&rft.date=1951-01-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.culturalequity.org%2Ffield-work%2Fireland-1951-and-1953%2Fmacroom-i-151%2Fshule-agra&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlan+Lomax" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: others (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_others" title="Category:CS1 maint: others">link</a>)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_(1980s)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_1980s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 1980s"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_1980s" title="Template talk:National Medal of Arts recipients 1980s"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_1980s" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 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href="/wiki/Leontyne_Price" title="Leontyne Price">Leontyne Price</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Buffum_Chandler" title="Dorothy Buffum Chandler">Dorothy Buffum Chandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Kirstein" title="Lincoln Kirstein">Lincoln Kirstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Mellon" title="Paul Mellon">Paul Mellon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Tully" title="Alice Tully">Alice Tully</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallmark_Cards" title="Hallmark Cards">Hallmark Cards, Inc.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1986</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Anderson" title="Marian Anderson">Marian Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Capra" title="Frank Capra">Frank Capra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Copland" title="Aaron Copland">Aaron Copland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_de_Kooning" title="Willem de Kooning">Willem de Kooning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_de_Mille" title="Agnes de Mille">Agnes de Mille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Le_Gallienne" title="Eva Le Gallienne">Eva Le Gallienne</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alan Lomax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Mumford" title="Lewis Mumford">Lewis Mumford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eudora_Welty" title="Eudora Welty">Eudora Welty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominique_de_Menil" title="Dominique de Menil">Dominique de Menil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExxonMobil" title="ExxonMobil">Exxon Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seymour_H._Knox_II" title="Seymour H. Knox II">Seymour H. Knox II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1987</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romare_Bearden" title="Romare Bearden">Romare Bearden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Fitzgerald" title="Ella Fitzgerald">Ella Fitzgerald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Nemerov" title="Howard Nemerov">Howard Nemerov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alwin_Nikolais" title="Alwin Nikolais">Alwin Nikolais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isamu_Noguchi" title="Isamu Noguchi">Isamu Noguchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Schuman" title="William Schuman">William Schuman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Penn_Warren" title="Robert Penn Warren">Robert Penn Warren</a></li> <li>J. W. Fisher</li> <li>Frances Fisher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand_Hammer" title="Armand Hammer">Armand Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Lewis" title="Sydney Lewis">Sydney Lewis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1988</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Bellow" title="Saul Bellow">Saul Bellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Hayes" title="Helen Hayes">Helen Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Parks" title="Gordon Parks">Gordon Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I._M._Pei" title="I. M. Pei">I. M. Pei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Robbins" title="Jerome Robbins">Jerome Robbins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Serkin" title="Rudolf Serkin">Rudolf Serkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgil_Thomson" title="Virgil Thomson">Virgil Thomson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Joseph_Freedberg" title="Sydney Joseph Freedberg">Sydney J. Freedberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_L._Stevens" title="Roger L. Stevens">Roger L. Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooke_Astor" title="Brooke Astor">Brooke Astor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Goelet" class="mw-redirect" title="Francis Goelet">Francis Goelet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obert_C._Tanner" title="Obert C. Tanner">Obert Clark Tanner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1989</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Leopold Adler</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Dunham" title="Katherine Dunham">Katherine Dunham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Eisenstaedt" title="Alfred Eisenstaedt">Alfred Eisenstaedt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Friedman_(museum_director)" title="Martin Friedman (museum director)">Martin Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leigh_Gerdine" title="Leigh Gerdine">Leigh Gerdine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dizzy_Gillespie" title="Dizzy Gillespie">John Birks "Dizzy" Gillespie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walker_Hancock" title="Walker Hancock">Walker Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Horowitz" title="Vladimir Horowitz">Vladimir Horowitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czes%C5%82aw_Mi%C5%82osz" title="Czesław Miłosz">Czesław Miłosz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Motherwell" title="Robert Motherwell">Robert Motherwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Updike" title="John Updike">John Updike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Target_Corporation" title="Target Corporation">Dayton Hudson Corporation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_recipients_of_the_National_Medal_of_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of recipients of the National Medal of Arts">Complete list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_1980s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_1990s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 1990s">1990s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_2000s" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 2000s">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Medal_of_Arts_recipients_2010s" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:National Medal of Arts recipients 2010s">2010s</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q558104#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q558104#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q558104#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/129861537">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50039476">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12403042s">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12403042s">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01102278">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Lomax, Alan"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/VEAV015104">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35311012">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0016104&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1409107">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068350406">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90237345">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000004280&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/nl022j464pzhpns">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810619289205606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007305286005171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14244593">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA05802451?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/09920eef-ba69-4c46-96ae-a93f885af533">MusicBrainz</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/413220">RKD Artists</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pic.nypl.org/constituents/273391">Photographers' Identities</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adp.library.ucsb.edu/names/102041">Discography of American Historical Recordings</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammy.com/artists/alan-lomax/14843">Grammy Awards</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/907175">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/129861537">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/033133239">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6z323sv">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alan_Lomax&oldid=1259712427">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alan_Lomax&oldid=1259712427</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1915_births" title="Category:1915 births">1915 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2002_deaths" title="Category:2002 deaths">2002 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:20th-century_American_musicians" title="Category:20th-century 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