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href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5"><span>Поведение</span></a></li><li id="n-Изпробване" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9F%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8A%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA"><span>Изпробване</span></a></li><li id="n-Нова-статия" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%BB%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA"><span>Нова статия</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Общувайте" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Общувайте" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Общувайте </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Блог-на-общността" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://blog.wikimedia.bg/" rel="nofollow"><span>Блог на общността</span></a></li><li id="n-Фейсбук-страница" class="mw-list-item"><a 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href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Уикипедия" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-bg.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.3125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Свободната енциклопедия" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-bg.svg" width="120" height="12" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.75em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A2%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Претърсване на Уикипедия [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Търсене</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Търсене в Уикипедия" aria-label="Търсене в Уикипедия" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Претърсване на Уикипедия [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Специални:Търсене"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Търсене</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Лични инструменти"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Облик"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Облик" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Облик</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_bg.wikipedia.org&uselang=bg" class=""><span>Направете дарение</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Насърчаваме Ви да си създадете сметка и да влезете, въпреки че не е задължително." class=""><span>Създаване на сметка</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&returnto=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Препоръчваме Ви да влезете, въпреки, че не е задължително. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Влизане</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Допълнителни опции" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Лични инструменти" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Лични инструменти</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Потребителско меню" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_bg.wikipedia.org&uselang=bg"><span>Направете дарение</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A1%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0&returnto=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Насърчаваме Ви да си създадете сметка и да влезете, въпреки че не е задължително."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Създаване на сметка</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&returnto=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Препоръчваме Ви да влезете, въпреки, че не е задължително. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Влизане</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Страници за излезли от системата редактори <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%89:%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" aria-label="Научете повече за редактирането"><span>научете повече</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8" title="Списък на промените, направени от този IP адрес [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Приноси</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Дискусия относно редакциите от този адрес [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Беседа</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Сайт"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Съдържание" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Съдържание</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">преместване към страничната лента</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">скриване</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Начало</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-История" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#История"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>История</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-История-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Превключване на подраздел История</span> </button> <ul id="toc-История-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Първи_постояннотокови_електродвигатели" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Първи_постояннотокови_електродвигатели"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Първи постояннотокови електродвигатели</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Първи_постояннотокови_електродвигатели-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Първи_променливотокови_електродвигатели" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Първи_променливотокови_електродвигатели"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Първи променливотокови електродвигатели</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Първи_променливотокови_електродвигатели-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-В_България" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#В_България"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>В България</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-В_България-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Устройство_и_принцип_на_действие" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Устройство_и_принцип_на_действие"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Устройство и принцип на действие</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Устройство_и_принцип_на_действие-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Категоризация" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Категоризация"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Категоризация</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Категоризация-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Променливотокови_двигатели" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Променливотокови_двигатели"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Променливотокови двигатели</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Променливотокови_двигатели-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Превключване на подраздел Променливотокови двигатели</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Променливотокови_двигатели-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Структурни_елементи_и_видове" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Структурни_елементи_и_видове"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Структурни елементи и видове</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Структурни_елементи_и_видове-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Синхронни_двигатели" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Синхронни_двигатели"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Синхронни двигатели</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Синхронни_двигатели-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Асинхронни_двигатели" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Асинхронни_двигатели"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Асинхронни двигатели</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Асинхронни_двигатели-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Постояннотокови_двигатели" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Постояннотокови_двигатели"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Постояннотокови двигатели</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Постояннотокови_двигатели-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Универсални_двигатели" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Универсални_двигатели"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Универсални двигатели</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Универсални_двигатели-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Други_видове" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Други_видове"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Други видове</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Други_видове-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Превключване на подраздел Други видове</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Други_видове-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Шраге-Рихтер_електродвигатели" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Шраге-Рихтер_електродвигатели"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Шраге-Рихтер електродвигатели</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Шраге-Рихтер_електродвигатели-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-–_Стъпкови_двигатели" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#–_Стъпкови_двигатели"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.1</span> <span>– Стъпкови двигатели</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-–_Стъпкови_двигатели-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Линейни_двигатели" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Линейни_двигатели"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Линейни двигатели</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Линейни_двигатели-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Източници" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Източници"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Източници</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Източници-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Външни_препратки" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Външни_препратки"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Външни препратки</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Външни_препратки-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Съдържание" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Скриване/показване на съдържанието" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Скриване/показване на съдържанието</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Електрически двигател</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Към статията на друг език. Налична на 91 езика" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-91" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">91 езика</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektriese_motor" title="Elektriese motor – африканс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Elektriese motor" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африканс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromotor" title="Elektromotor – швейцарски немски" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Elektromotor" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="швейцарски немски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="विद्युत मोटर – ангика" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="विद्युत मोटर" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="ангика" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83_%D9%83%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A" title="محرك كهربائي – арабски" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="محرك كهربائي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_ll%C3%A9tricu" title="Motor llétricu – астурски" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Motor llétricu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrik_m%C3%BCh%C9%99rriki" title="Elektrik mühərriki – азербайджански" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Elektrik mühərriki" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromotoa" title="Elektromotoa – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Elektromotoa" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Электрычны рухавік – беларуски" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Электрычны рухавік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="беларуски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%B0" title="বৈদ্যুতিক মোটর – бенгалски" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বৈদ্যুতিক মোটর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="бенгалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromotor" title="Elektromotor – босненски" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Elektromotor" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="босненски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_el%C3%A8ctric" title="Motor elèctric – каталонски" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Motor elèctric" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromotor" title="Elektromotor – чешки" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Elektromotor" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modur_trydan" title="Modur trydan – уелски" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Modur trydan" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="уелски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromotor" title="Elektromotor – датски" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Elektromotor" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromotor" title="Elektromotor – немски" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Elektromotor" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%97%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Ηλεκτρικός κινητήρας – гръцки" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ηλεκτρικός κινητήρας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="гръцки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motor" title="Electric motor – английски" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Electric motor" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="английски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromotoro" title="Elektromotoro – есперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Elektromotoro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="есперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_el%C3%A9ctrico" title="Motor eléctrico – испански" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Motor eléctrico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrimootor" title="Elektrimootor – естонски" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Elektrimootor" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="естонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_elektriko" title="Motor elektriko – баски" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Motor elektriko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="موتور الکتریکی – персийски" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="موتور الکتریکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A4hk%C3%B6moottori" title="Sähkömoottori – фински" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sähkömoottori" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="фински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eelektrimoodor" title="Eelektrimoodor – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Eelektrimoodor" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moteur_%C3%A9lectrique" title="Moteur électrique – френски" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Moteur électrique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="френски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromotor" title="Elektromotor – западнофризийски" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Elektromotor" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="западнофризийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machin_%C3%A9lektrik" title="Machin élektrik – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Machin élektrik" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_el%C3%A9ctrico" title="Motor eléctrico – галисийски" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Motor eléctrico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A6%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%A4_%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%9F%E0%AA%B0" title="વિદ્યુત મોટર – гуджарати" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="વિદ્યુત મોટર" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="гуджарати" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B4-t%C3%A1" title="Mô-tá – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Mô-tá" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A2_%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%99" title="מנוע חשמלי – иврит" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מנוע חשמלי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="иврит" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="विद्युत मोटर – хинди" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विद्युत मोटर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="хинди" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromotor" title="Elektromotor – хърватски" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Elektromotor" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="хърватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mot%C3%A8_elektrik" title="Motè elektrik – хаитянски креолски" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Motè elektrik" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="хаитянски креолски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villanymotor" title="Villanymotor – унгарски" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Villanymotor" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="унгарски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%AC%D5%A5%D5%AF%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B7%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AA%D5%AB%D5%B9" title="Էլեկտրական շարժիչ – арменски" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էլեկտրական շարժիչ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="арменски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_listrik" title="Motor listrik – индонезийски" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Motor listrik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="индонезийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrala_mashino" title="Elektrala mashino – идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Elektrala mashino" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motore_elettrico" title="Motore elettrico – италиански" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Motore elettrico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="италиански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E5%8B%95%E6%A9%9F" title="電動機 – японски" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="電動機" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilekchik_muoto" title="Ilekchik muoto – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Ilekchik muoto" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrik_dvigateli" title="Elektrik dvigateli – каракалпашки" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Elektrik dvigateli" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="каракалпашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80_%D2%9B%D0%BE%D0%B7%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D2%9B%D1%8B%D1%88%D1%8B" title="Электр қозғалтқышы – казахски" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Электр қозғалтқышы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ವಿದ್ಯುತ್ ಮೋಟಾರ್ – каннада" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ವಿದ್ಯುತ್ ಮೋಟಾರ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="каннада" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%84%EB%8F%99%EA%B8%B0" title="전동기 – корейски" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="전동기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корейски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motrum_electricum" title="Motrum electricum – латински" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Motrum electricum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektros_variklis" title="Elektros variklis – литовски" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Elektros variklis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrodzin%C4%93js" title="Elektrodzinējs – латвийски" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Elektrodzinējs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="латвийски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_listrik" title="Motor listrik – минангкабау" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Motor listrik" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="минангкабау" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Електромотор – македонски" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Електромотор" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="വൈദ്യുതമോട്ടോറുകൾ – малаялам" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വൈദ്യുതമോട്ടോറുകൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="малаялам" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Цахилгаан мотор – монголски" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Цахилгаан мотор" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="монголски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_elektrik" title="Motor elektrik – малайски" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Motor elektrik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%BB%E1%80%BE%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%AC" title="လျှပ်စစ်မိုတာ – бирмански" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လျှပ်စစ်မိုတာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="бирмански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0" title="विद्युतीय मोटर – непалски" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="विद्युतीय मोटर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="непалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromotor" title="Elektromotor – нидерландски" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Elektromotor" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерландски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisk_motor" title="Elektrisk motor – норвежки (нюношк)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Elektrisk motor" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="норвежки (нюношк)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisk_motor" title="Elektrisk motor – норвежки (букмол)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Elektrisk motor" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежки (букмол)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0" title="ਇਲੈਕਟ੍ਰਿਕ ਮੋਟਰ – пенджабски" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇਲੈਕਟ੍ਰਿਕ ਮੋਟਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="пенджабски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silnik_elektryczny" title="Silnik elektryczny – полски" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Silnik elektryczny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="полски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AC%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D9%85%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%B1" title="بجلی دی موٹر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بجلی دی موٹر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1" title="الکتریکي موتور – пущу" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="الکتریکي موتور" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="пущу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_el%C3%A9trico" title="Motor elétrico – португалски" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Motor elétrico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португалски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinchikilla_kuyuchina" title="Pinchikilla kuyuchina – кечуа" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pinchikilla kuyuchina" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="кечуа" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_electric" title="Motor electric – румънски" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Motor electric" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румънски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Электрический двигатель – руски" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Электрический двигатель" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="руски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromotor" title="Elektromotor – сърбохърватски" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Elektromotor" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сърбохърватски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motor" title="Electric motor – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Electric motor" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromotor" title="Elektromotor – словашки" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Elektromotor" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словашки" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektromotor" title="Elektromotor – словенски" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Elektromotor" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motori_elektrik" title="Motori elektrik – албански" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Motori elektrik" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Електромотор – сръбски" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Електромотор" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сръбски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_listrik" title="Motor listrik – сундански" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Motor listrik" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сундански" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrisk_motor" title="Elektrisk motor – шведски" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Elektrisk motor" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF" title="மின்சார இயக்கி – тамилски" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மின்சார இயக்கி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="тамилски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81" title="విద్యుత్ మోటారు – телугу" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="విద్యుత్ మోటారు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="телугу" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D2%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D2%9B%D3%A3" title="Муҳаррики барқӣ – таджикски" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Муҳаррики барқӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="таджикски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="มอเตอร์ – тайски" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มอเตอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrik_dwigateli" title="Elektrik dwigateli – туркменски" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Elektrik dwigateli" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="туркменски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrikong_motor" title="Elektrikong motor – тагалог" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Elektrikong motor" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="тагалог" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrik_motoru" title="Elektrik motoru – турски" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Elektrik motoru" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Електродвигун – украински" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Електродвигун" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украински" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%B1" title="موٹر – урду" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="موٹر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="урду" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektr_dvigatel" title="Elektr dvigatel – узбекски" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Elektr dvigatel" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбекски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99ng_c%C6%A1_%C4%91i%E1%BB%87n" title="Động cơ điện – виетнамски" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Động cơ điện" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="виетнамски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dikuryente_nga_makina" title="Dikuryente nga makina – варай" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Dikuryente nga makina" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doxalukaay_bu_mb%C3%ABj" title="Doxalukaay bu mbëj – волоф" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Doxalukaay bu mbëj" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="волоф" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA" title="电动机 – ву китайски" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="电动机" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ву китайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%8A%A8%E6%9C%BA" title="电动机 – китайски" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="电动机" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китайски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C4%81n-kh%C3%AC_m%C3%B2%CD%98-tah" title="Tiān-khì mò͘-tah – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tiān-khì mò͘-tah" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E6%91%A9%E6%89%93" title="電摩打 – кантонски" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="電摩打" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонски" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q72313#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Редактиране на междуезиковите препратки" class="wbc-editpage">Редактиране</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Именни пространства"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Монофазен електромотор" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80-_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD.png/240px-%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80-_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80-_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD.png/360px-%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80-_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80-_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD.png/480px-%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80-_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD.png 2x" data-file-width="577" data-file-height="433" /></a><figcaption>Монофазни електромотори.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Електрическият двигател</b> е <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Електрическа машина">електрическа машина</a>, която преобразува <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Електрическа енергия">електрическа енергия</a> в <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Кинетична енергия">кинетична</a>. Обратната задача, превръщането на кинетичната енергия в електрическа се извършва от <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Електрически генератор">генератор</a> или <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Динамо">динамо</a>. Някои видове електрически машини могат да изпълняват и двете функции. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:3phase-rmf-320x240-180fc.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3c/3phase-rmf-320x240-180fc.gif" decoding="async" width="240" height="240" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="240" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8F%D1%89%D0%BE_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Въртящо магнитно поле (страницата не съществува)">Въртящо магнитно поле</a> като сума от магнитните вектори на трифазни намотки.</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="История"><span id=".D0.98.D1.81.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>История</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Редактиране на раздел: История" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: История"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Faraday_magnetic_rotation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Faraday_magnetic_rotation.jpg/200px-Faraday_magnetic_rotation.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Faraday_magnetic_rotation.jpg/300px-Faraday_magnetic_rotation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Faraday_magnetic_rotation.jpg/400px-Faraday_magnetic_rotation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="538" data-file-height="545" /></a><figcaption>Експеримент на Фарадей, 1821<sup id="cite_ref-Faraday_(1822)_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Faraday_(1822)-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Превръщането на електрическата енергия в механична чрез електромагнитни средства е демонстрирано от <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BB_%D0%A4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9" title="Майкъл Фарадей">Майкъл Фарадей</a> през <a href="/wiki/1821" title="1821">1821</a> г. Демонстрацията е представена като свободно висящ проводник, потопен в <a href="/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Живак">живак</a>, а в центъра на живака е поставен постоянен <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Магнит">магнит</a>. Когато през проводника премине <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BA_(%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ток (електрически) (страницата не съществува)">ток</a>, той се върти около магнита, показвайки че протичащият ток създава въртящо <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Магнитно поле">магнитно поле</a> около проводника<sup id="cite_ref-SparkMuseum_(Motor)_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SparkMuseum_(Motor)-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Този двигател често се демонстрира в училищата, но вместо живак се използва солена вода и това е най-простата форма на електрически двигател. Нарича се още <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Еднополюсен генератор">еднополярен двигател</a>. По-усъвършенстван вариант е <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Колелото на Бароу (страницата не съществува)">колелото на Бароу</a>, но този тип еднополярни двигатели си остават неподходящи за практическо приложение. </p><p>Има два основни типа електродвигатели – асинхронни и синхронни машини – те възникват, като замисъл и реализация почти едновременно в края на <a href="/wiki/19_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="19 век">деветнадесетото столетие</a> в резултат на упорития творчески труд на трима души – <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Никола Тесла">Никола Тесла</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Михаил Доливо-Доброволски">Михаил Доливо-Доброволски</a> и <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Галилео Ферарис (страницата не съществува)">Галилео Ферарис</a>. Те работят напълно независимо един от друг в различни държави. Всеки от тях разработва асинхронната си машина наред с късосъединената ѝ „версия“ (с ротор накъсо). Разработват ги за <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Полифазна токова система">дву- и трифазната токови системи</a>, съединенията на "звезда“ и „триъгълник“ за трифазни системи. По-късно се разработват машини „многоъгълник“ за повече от три фази. </p><p>По-късно, когато се разработват многофазни машини, за работа в по-малко фазна мрежа се използват фазоизместващи елементи, като дросели и кондензатори в останалите фази на машината. </p><p>Принципът е колкото може векторът на въртящото се магнитно поле да е по-близо до идеална окръжност за всички работни режими. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Първи_постояннотокови_електродвигатели"><span id=".D0.9F.D1.8A.D1.80.D0.B2.D0.B8_.D0.BF.D0.BE.D1.81.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.8F.D0.BD.D0.BD.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.BE.D0.BA.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.B8_.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BA.D1.82.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.B4.D0.B2.D0.B8.D0.B3.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B8"></span>Първи постояннотокови електродвигатели</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Редактиране на раздел: Първи постояннотокови електродвигатели" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Първи постояннотокови електродвигатели"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Първият колекторен DC електромотор в състояние да задвижи машини е изобретен от британския учен <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Sturgeon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Sturgeon (страницата не съществува)">William Sturgeon</a> през 1832 година<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>След Sturgeon работата по електрически двигател за комерсиално използване е продължена от американския изобретател Томас Дейвънпорт, който патентова електромотор през 1837 година. Двигателите работят при скорост до 600 оборота в минута, и се използват за задвижване на машини в печатница<sup id="cite_ref-Garrison_(1998)_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Garrison_(1998)-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Поради липсата на централно токозахранване този тип задвижване обаче дълго време не търпи развитие.</li> <li>През 1855 Jedlik построил устройство работещо на подобни принципи. С него той задвижил модел на <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Електрическа кола">електрическа кола</a> още същата година.</li> <li>Първият комерсиален успех на електромоторите е през 1871 година, благодарение на изобретението на <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B1_%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Зеноб Грам">Зеноб Грам</a>, който подобрява конструкцията на котвата. През 1873 г. Грам установява, че това динамо може да се използва и като електродвигател, което той демонстрира с голям ефект в изложби във Виена и Филаделфия, като свързва два такива DC машини на разстояние до 2 км една от друга, като генератор и двигател<sup id="cite_ref-gamme_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gamme-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Първи_променливотокови_електродвигатели"><span id=".D0.9F.D1.8A.D1.80.D0.B2.D0.B8_.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.BC.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.BB.D0.B8.D0.B2.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.BE.D0.BA.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.B8_.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BA.D1.82.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.B4.D0.B2.D0.B8.D0.B3.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B8"></span>Първи променливотокови електродвигатели</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Редактиране на раздел: Първи променливотокови електродвигатели" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Първи променливотокови електродвигатели"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>През 1882 <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Никола Тесла">Никола Тесла</a> открива принципите на <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Алтернатор">въртящото магнитно поле</a> и въвежда използването на въртящия момент за работа с машини. Той го използва, за да създаде един уникален двуфазен индукционен двигател през 1883 г<sup id="cite_ref-TFI_(now)_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TFI_(now)-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Smil_(2005)_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smil_(2005)-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Froehlich_(1998)_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Froehlich_(1998)-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Drury_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Drury-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Langsdorf_(1955)_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Langsdorf_(1955)-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EAE_(1977)_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EAE_(1977)-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>През 1885 г., <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BE_%D0%A4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Галилео Ферарис (страницата не съществува)">Галилео Ферарис</a> независимо открива тази концепция<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. През 1888 г. Ферарис публикува своето откритие във вестника на Кралската Академия на науките в Торино<sup id="cite_ref-Ferraris_(EBE)_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ferraris_(EBE)-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Biography_of_Galileo_Ferraris_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biography_of_Galileo_Ferraris-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. През същата година <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Никола Тесла">Никола Тесла</a> патентова двуфазна система за захранване на няколко вида двигатели на променлив ток, разработени от него. Поради големите възможности на променливия ток за отдалечено токозахранване, <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B6_%D0%A3%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%81" title="Джордж Уестингхаус">Джордж Уестингхаус</a> незабавно купува патентите на Тесла и те са внедрени в производство.<sup id="cite_ref-Neidhofer_(2007)_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Neidhofer_(2007)-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pansini_(1989)_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pansini_(1989)-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Alger_(1976)_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alger_(1976)-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Alger_(1976)_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alger_(1976)-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Klooster_(2009)_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klooster_(2009)-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Klooster_(2009)_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klooster_(2009)-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Day_(1996)_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Day_(1996)-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Froehlich_(1992)_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Froehlich_(1992)-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Михаил Доливо-Доброволски">Михаил Доливо-Доброволски</a> доразвива идеята, като изобретява трифазен мотор с кафезен ротор през 1889 г. и трифазен <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Трансформатор">трансформатор</a> през 1890 година<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IEEE_German_Ch._(2012)_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEEE_German_Ch._(2012)-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Този тип двигатели се използват най-често.<sup id="cite_ref-Dolivo-Dobrowolsky_(1891)_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dolivo-Dobrowolsky_(1891)-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="В_България"><span id=".D0.92_.D0.91.D1.8A.D0.BB.D0.B3.D0.B0.D1.80.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>В България</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Редактиране на раздел: В България" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: В България"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>В България производството на асинхронни машини за двигатели започва едва през тридесетте години на <a href="/wiki/20_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="20 век">20 век</a> в малки частни работилници в градове като <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD" title="Троян">Троян</a> в работилницата на <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Марин Стаевски (страницата не съществува)">Марин Стаевски</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%87" title="Ловеч">Ловеч</a>, <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Габрово">Габрово</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="София">София</a>. По-късно е построен силнотоковият завод „Васил Коларов“ край <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="София">София</a>, където започва серийно производство на <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Електрически машини">електрически машини</a>. През 50-те години развитието на отрасъла е бурно – страната се електрифицира, строят се <a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Завод">заводи</a>, има огромна нужда от <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Двигател">двигатели</a> в <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Промишленост">производството</a> и в електротранспорта, от <a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" class="mw-redirect" title="Генератор">генератори</a> в <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="Електроцентрала">електроцентралите</a>. Производството на <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Електрически машини">електрически машини</a> се разпределя по територията на страната и заводите се специализират. Например, големите асинхронни машини продължават да се произвеждат в София, средно големите (от 4-ти, 5-и, а по-късно и от 6-и) габарити се преместват за производство в завод „<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%97%D0%90%D0%95-%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ЗАЕ-Пловдив (страницата не съществува)">ЗАЕ-Пловдив</a>“ в началото на 60-те – и в „ЗЕД Димо Дичев‟ в <a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Харманли">Харманли</a>, а малките, които имат най-богата и разнообразна номенклатура, се преместват в завод „<a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5)" title="Елма (предприятие)">Елпром Троян</a>“ и в „<a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Елпром Тетевен (страницата не съществува)">Елпром Тетевен</a>“. <sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Развитието на изследванията в областта на електрическите машини в <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%98%D0%9F%D0%9A%D0%98%D0%95%D0%9F_%E2%80%9E%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%E2%80%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="НИПКИЕП „Никола Белопитов“ (страницата не съществува)">НИПКИЕП „Никола Белопитов“</a> довеждат до впечатляващи резултати – непрекъснато се подобряват енергийните, експлоатационните и <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Естетика">естетико</a>-<a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ергономия">ергономичните</a> характеристики на асинхронните двигатели, произведени в <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="България">България</a>. </p> <ul><li>През 2018 г. екип български изобретатели начело с Александър Христов разработва по-ефективен вариант на асинхронните двигатели, при които външната част на ротора с електрическите намотки е отделена от феромагнитната сърцевина<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Вътрешната феромагнитна част на ротора е лагерувана към вала на двигателя и може да се върти отделно от външната част на ротора. Така въшната част на ротора заедно с вала се въртят асинхронно както при традиционните асинхронни двигатели, а вътрешната част на ротора се върти синхронно с генерираното от статора магнитно поле, т.е. като ротор на синхронен двигател. По този начин се намаляват загубите от генерирането на токове на Фуко и пренамагнитване на феромагнитната сърцевина на ротора.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Устройство_и_принцип_на_действие"><span id=".D0.A3.D1.81.D1.82.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.B9.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B2.D0.BE_.D0.B8_.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.BD.D1.86.D0.B8.D0.BF_.D0.BD.D0.B0_.D0.B4.D0.B5.D0.B9.D1.81.D1.82.D0.B2.D0.B8.D0.B5"></span>Устройство и принцип на действие</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Редактиране на раздел: Устройство и принцип на действие" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Устройство и принцип на действие"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Повечето електрически двигатели работят под действието на <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="Електромагнетизъм">електромагнетизъм</a>, но също съществуват и такива работещи под влиянието на други сили, например <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Електростатичния двигател (страницата не съществува)">електростатични сили</a> или <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Пиезоелектричен ефект">пиезоелектричен ефект</a>. Основният принцип, на който е основана работата на електромагнитните двигатели, е използването на механичната сила (<a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86" title="Сила на Лоренц">сила на Лоренц</a>), която въздейства на всеки токоносещ проводник поставен в магнитно поле. Силата е описана от <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Магнитно поле">закона на Лоренц</a> и е перпендикулярна както на проводника, така и на магнитното поле. Повечето магнитни двигатели са въртеливи но съществуват и <a href="#Линейни">линейни</a>. Във въртящия двигател въртящата част (обикновено се намира вътре) се нарича <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Ротор">ротор</a>, а неподвижната част се нарича <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Статор">статор</a>. Роторът се върти защото проводниците и магнитното поле са поставени така, че се оформя <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ротационна сила (страницата не съществува)">ротационна сила</a> около вала на ротора. В зависимост от конструкцията двигателят може да съдържа както постоянни <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Магнити (страницата не съществува)">магнити</a>, така и <a href="/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Електромагнит">електромагнити</a>. Ефективността на даден двигател е важен критерий при избора му за конкретна система, затова необходимо е да се знае и характеристиката на КПД при различните натоварвания. Тъй като ефективността се променя с промяна на натоварването, възможно е двигател, предназначен да работи с висока ефективност при пълно натоварване, да не гарантира същата ефективност и при частично натоварване. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Категоризация"><span id=".D0.9A.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.B3.D0.BE.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.B7.D0.B0.D1.86.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>Категоризация</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Редактиране на раздел: Категоризация" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Категоризация"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Традиционно електродвигателите се делят на <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Постояннотоков двигател (страницата не съществува)">постояннотокови</a> и <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Променливотоков двигател (страницата не съществува)">променливотокови</a>, като и в двата случая се подразбира използване на електромагнитен принцип за преобразуване на електрическата енергия във <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%92%D1%8A%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Въртеливо движение (страницата не съществува)">въртеливо движение</a>. В по-ново време са създадени електродвигатели, които не отговарят на такава дефиниция, като например <a href="#Линейни">линейния електродвигател</a>, при който се генерира линейно движение или <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A3%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ултразвукови двигатели (страницата не съществува)">ултразвуковите</a> двигатели, при които се използва <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82" title="Пиезоелектричен ефект">пиезоелектричен ефект</a>. </p><p>По вид на използваната електроенергия биват: </p> <ul><li>Постояннотокови двигатели</li> <li>Променливотокови двигатели</li></ul> <p>По конструктивно изпълнение биват: </p> <ul><li>Колекторни двигатели</li> <li>Безколекторни двигатели</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Променливотокови_двигатели"><span id=".D0.9F.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.BC.D0.B5.D0.BD.D0.BB.D0.B8.D0.B2.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.BE.D0.BA.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.B8_.D0.B4.D0.B2.D0.B8.D0.B3.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B8"></span>Променливотокови двигатели</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Редактиране на раздел: Променливотокови двигатели" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Променливотокови двигатели"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Структурни_елементи_и_видове"><span id=".D0.A1.D1.82.D1.80.D1.83.D0.BA.D1.82.D1.83.D1.80.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BC.D0.B5.D0.BD.D1.82.D0.B8_.D0.B8_.D0.B2.D0.B8.D0.B4.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.B5"></span>Структурни елементи и видове</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Редактиране на раздел: Структурни елементи и видове" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Структурни елементи и видове"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Обикновено променливотоковият двигател се състои от две части: </p> <ol><li>Външен неподвижен статор с намотки, захранени с променлив ток, които създават въртящо се магнитно поле и;</li> <li>Вътрешен <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Ротор">ротор</a>, закрепен към вала.</li></ol> <p>Съществува и т. нар. „Обърнат двигател“, на който роторът е отвън, а статора вътре. </p><p>Има два основни типа променливотокови двигатели, според конструкцията: </p> <ul><li><b>синхронен двигател</b>, който се върти точно със синхронна скорост (скоростта на въртящото се магнитно поле);</li> <li><b>асинхронен (индукционен) двигател</b>, чиято скорост е по-малка от синхронната. Роторът е <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кафезен ротор (страницата не съществува)">кафезен</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82_%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Навит ротор (страницата не съществува)">с намотка</a> или друга конструкция.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Синхронни_двигатели"><span id=".D0.A1.D0.B8.D0.BD.D1.85.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D0.B4.D0.B2.D0.B8.D0.B3.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B8"></span>Синхронни двигатели</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Редактиране на раздел: Синхронни двигатели" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Синхронни двигатели"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="dablink noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/17px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/26px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/34px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <i>Основна статия: <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%85%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Синхронна машина">Синхронна машина</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p>Синхронните машини са се използвали най-вече като генератори. В последно време все по-често се използват и като двигатели. Особено бурно това стана след създаването на мощни ключови транзистори от типа IGBT, MOSFET и тиристори GTO, IGCT, SGCT имащи възможност и за изключване по управляващия електрод. Синхронните двигатели са незаменими при използването им за свръх големи мощности. Най-големият синхронен двигател е с мощност 220 MW и се използва за задвижване на вентилатор за аеродинамична тръба. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Асинхронни_двигатели"><span id=".D0.90.D1.81.D0.B8.D0.BD.D1.85.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.BD.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D0.B4.D0.B2.D0.B8.D0.B3.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B8"></span>Асинхронни двигатели</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Редактиране на раздел: Асинхронни двигатели" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Асинхронни двигатели"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Stator_and_rotor_by_Zureks.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Stator_and_rotor_by_Zureks.JPG/200px-Stator_and_rotor_by_Zureks.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Stator_and_rotor_by_Zureks.JPG/300px-Stator_and_rotor_by_Zureks.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Stator_and_rotor_by_Zureks.JPG/400px-Stator_and_rotor_by_Zureks.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2412" data-file-height="1709" /></a><figcaption>Разглобен асинхронен двигател с кафезен ротор</figcaption></figure> <dl><dd><div class="dablink noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/17px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/26px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/34px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <i>Основна статия: <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%85%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Асинхронен двигател">Асинхронен двигател</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p>Асинхронен двигател е двигател при който честотата на въртене на ротора не е равна на честотата на въртящото магнитно поле, създавано от намотките на статора. Поради простото си устройство, надеждност и по-ниска цена това са най-често използваните електромотори в днешно време. По количеството захранващи фази тези двигателите се подразделят на: </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Еднофазен двигател (страницата не съществува)">> еднофазни</a> – пуска се ръчно, или има пускова намотка, или има фазоизместваща верига; </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%94%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Двуфазен (страницата не съществува)">> двуфазен</a> – или <a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Кондензаторен двигател (страницата не съществува)">Кондензаторен двигател</a>; </p><p><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Трифазна токова система">> трифазен</a>; </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Многофазен (страницата не съществува)">> многофазен</a>; </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Постояннотокови_двигатели"><span id=".D0.9F.D0.BE.D1.81.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.8F.D0.BD.D0.BD.D0.BE.D1.82.D0.BE.D0.BA.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.B8_.D0.B4.D0.B2.D0.B8.D0.B3.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B8"></span>Постояннотокови двигатели</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Редактиране на раздел: Постояннотокови двигатели" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Постояннотокови двигатели"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Electric_motors_en.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Electric_motors_en.jpg/120px-Electric_motors_en.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Electric_motors_en.jpg/180px-Electric_motors_en.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f6/Electric_motors_en.jpg 2x" data-file-width="188" data-file-height="245" /></a><figcaption>Електрически двигатели с различни размери.</figcaption></figure> <dl><dd><div class="dablink noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/17px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/26px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/34px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <i>Основна статия: <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Постояннотоков електрически двигател">Постояннотоков електрически двигател</a></i></div></dd></dl> <p>Постояннотоковите електрически двигатели са двигатели, захранвани с постоянен ток. Това са първите електромотори намерили практическо приложение. Тъй като четките се износват и се нуждаят от подмяна, откритите впоследствие асинхронни двигатели на променлив ток са заели местата на колекторните DC мотори в много сфери. Въпреки това <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Колекторна комутация">колекторните</a> постояннотокови двигатели продължават и до днес да бъдат използвани без алтернатива на много места където не е изгодна употребата на променливо напрежение – (автомобилни стартери, машини за хартия и други. Постояннотоковите двигатели имат най-голям въртящ момент, от всички електродвигатели, при ниски скорости на въртене и еднакви масообемни показатели. Напоследък се наблюдава бурно развитие при безколекторните постояннотокови електрически двигатели. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Универсални_двигатели"><span id=".D0.A3.D0.BD.D0.B8.D0.B2.D0.B5.D1.80.D1.81.D0.B0.D0.BB.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D0.B4.D0.B2.D0.B8.D0.B3.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B8"></span>Универсални двигатели</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Редактиране на раздел: Универсални двигатели" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Универсални двигатели"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Вариант на постояннотоковия двигател е <i>универсалният двигател</i>. Името му произлиза от факта, че може да се захрани както с постоянно, така и с променливо напрежение. В практиката обикновено тези двигатели се захранват с променливо напрежение. Принципът се състои в това, че в универсалния двигател полето на котвата и индуктора (от там сумарният магнитен поток) се сменят по едно и също време и въртящият момент ще е винаги в една и съща посока. Двигателят трябва да е специално проектиран, така че да може да се захранва и с променливо напрежение заради <a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Колекторна комутация">комутацията</a> и импеданса на намотките. При не добро проектиране искрите в колектора са значителни. Универсалният двигател е по-малко ефективен от еквивалентния „чист“ <i>постояннотоков</i> двигател. <b>Тези двигатели са винаги</b> <b>серийни</b> /<i>при променлив ток има изместване на вектора на магнитното поле между статорното и роторно поле. Котвата е с малко, но дебели проводници, а индукторът с много но тънки проводници и при променлив ток се получава твърде неефективен или неработещ двигател</i>/. Мощността им е ограничена и рядко надминава два киловата. В някои страни универсалните двигатели са в основата на традиционната им железница. За да подобрят комутацията, те често работят при напрежение с понижена честота 25Hz или 16 <sup>2</sup>/<sub>3</sub> Hz. </p><p>Предимството на универсалния двигател е, че може да се захранва с променливо напрежение и има близки характеристики с постояннотоковия двигател: голям пусков въртящ момент, малки размери, високи скорости на въртене, лесно регулиране на скоростта на въртене. Затова такива двигатели се използват в мощни ръчни инструменти (ъглошлайфи, ръчни бормашини, електрически ножици и триони, домакински и промишлени миксери, и др.) Тези двигатели, както и постояннотоковите, имат много добри масообени показатели. Регулирането на оборотите им, когато е захранен с променливо напрежение, се осъществява с <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Тиристор">тиристорна</a> или <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Транзистор">транзисторна</a> схема. Стъпковият контрол при стъпковите двигатели лесно може да се осъществи с <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Микропроцесор">микропроцесорна</a> схема и тиристор или транзистор, комутиращ намотките. Домакинските роботи, които се рекламират заради многото си скорости, комбинират намотки с няколко извода който се управляват от контролери. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Други_видове"><span id=".D0.94.D1.80.D1.83.D0.B3.D0.B8_.D0.B2.D0.B8.D0.B4.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.B5"></span>Други видове</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Редактиране на раздел: Други видове" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Други видове"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Ротационен преобразувател">Ротационни преобразуватели</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Шраге-Рихтер_електродвигатели"><span id=".D0.A8.D1.80.D0.B0.D0.B3.D0.B5-.D0.A0.D0.B8.D1.85.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.80_.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B5.D0.BA.D1.82.D1.80.D0.BE.D0.B4.D0.B2.D0.B8.D0.B3.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B8"></span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5-%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Шраге-Рихтер (страницата не съществува)">Шраге-Рихтер</a> електродвигатели</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Редактиране на раздел: Шраге-Рихтер електродвигатели" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Шраге-Рихтер електродвигатели"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Трифазен колекторен двигател с паралелно възбуждане, захранван от ротора <sup id="cite_ref-Електродвигатели/99-Шраге-Рихтер(magazin.eldvigateli)_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Електродвигатели/99-Шраге-Рихтер(magazin.eldvigateli)-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="–_Стъпкови_двигатели"><span id=".E2.80.93_.D0.A1.D1.82.D1.8A.D0.BF.D0.BA.D0.BE.D0.B2.D0.B8_.D0.B4.D0.B2.D0.B8.D0.B3.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B8"></span>– Стъпкови двигатели</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Редактиране на раздел: – Стъпкови двигатели" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: – Стъпкови двигатели"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Хистерезисен двигател">Хистерезисни двигатели</a></li></ul> <ul><li>Ултразвукови двигатели</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Линейни_двигатели"><span id=".D0.9B.D0.B8.D0.BD.D0.B5.D0.B9.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D0.B4.D0.B2.D0.B8.D0.B3.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.B5.D0.BB.D0.B8"></span>Линейни двигатели</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Редактиране на раздел: Линейни двигатели" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: Линейни двигатели"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="dablink noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/17px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/26px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg/34px-Crystal_Clear_app_xmag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <i>Основна статия: <a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Линеен двигател">Линеен двигател</a></i></div></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Източници"><span id=".D0.98.D0.B7.D1.82.D0.BE.D1.87.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.86.D0.B8"></span>Източници</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Редактиране на раздел: Източници" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Източници"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Faraday_(1822)-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Faraday_(1822)_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFaraday1822" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Faraday, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/quarterlyjournal12jour">On Some New Electro-Magnetical Motion, and on the Theory of Magnetism</a> //  <i>Quarterly Journal of Science, Literature and the Arts</i> XII.  Royal Institution of Great Britain, 1822. с. 74 – 96 (§IX). Посетен на 12 февруари 2013.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SparkMuseum_(Motor)-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-SparkMuseum_(Motor)_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSparkMuseum" class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sparkmuseum.com/MOTORS.HTM">The Development of the Electric Motor,</a> //  Early Electric Motors.  SparkMuseum.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGee2004" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Gee, William. Sturgeon, William (1783 – 1850) //  Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.  Oxford University Press, 2004. DOI:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ref:odnb/26748">10.1093/ref:odnb/26748</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Garrison_(1998)-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Garrison_(1998)_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFGarrison1998" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Garrison, Ervan G. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.ca/books/about/A_History_of_Engineering_and_Technology.html?id=5mvVElGudyYC&redir_esc=y">A History of Engineering and Technology: Artful Methods</a>. 2nd.  CRC Press, 1998. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/084939810X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8493-9810-X</a>. Посетен на 7 май 2009.</.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gamme-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-gamme_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.invent.org/hall_of_fame/270.html">Zénobe Théophile Gramme</a> //  Invent Now, Inc. Hall of Fame profile.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TFI_(now)-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-TFI_(now)_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Case_Files:_Nikola_Tesla" class="book" style="font-style:normal">The Case Files: Nikola Tesla. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121118121135/http://www.fi.edu/learn/case-files/tesla/motor.html">Two-Phase Induction Motor</a> //   The Franklin Institute.  Архивиран от <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fi.edu/learn/case-files/tesla/motor.html">оригинала</a> на 2012-11-18. Посетен на 2 декември 2012.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Smil_(2005)-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Smil_(2005)_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSmil2005" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Smil, Vaclav. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=ZANP8uYlu1cC&pg=PA76">Creating the Twentieth Century:Technical Innovations of 1867 – 1914 and Their Lasting Impact</a>.  Oxford University Press, 2005. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/9780199883417" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-19-988341-7</a>. с. 76.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Froehlich_(1998)-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Froehlich_(1998)_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFroehlich1_декември_1998" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Froehlich, Fritz E. и др. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=8j5bJ5OkGpgC&pg=PA37">The Froehlich/Kent Encyclopedia of Telecommunications: Volume 17 – Television Technology</a>.  CRC Press, 1 декември 1998. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/9780824729158" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-8247-2915-8</a>. с. 37–. Посетен на 10 октомври 2012.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Drury-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Drury_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDrury2001" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Drury, Bill. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=vDQHzeEmSfUC&pg=PR14&lpg=PR14&dq=tesla+Ferraris+induction&source=bl&ots=SLjNT7Ui97&sig=Mvp66d6LH3KWUxrjdVBvFpl-lbY&hl=en&sa=X&ei=eGx3UNCXKLCB0QHH1YFA&ved=0CEgQ6AEwBTgU#v=onepage&q=tesla%20Ferraris%20induction&f=false">Control Techniques Drives and Controls Handbook</a>.  Institution of Electrical Engineers, 2001. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/0862967934" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-86296-793-4</a>. с. page xiv.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Langsdorf_(1955)-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Langsdorf_(1955)_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLangsdork1955" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Langsdork, Alexander Suss. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.ca/books/about/Theory_of_Alternating_Current_Machinery.html?id=zKVd780XHGcC&redir_esc=y">Theory of Alternating-Current Machinery</a>. 2nd.  Tata McGraw-Hill, 1955. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/0070994234" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-07-099423-4</a>. с. 245.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EAE_(1977)-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-EAE_(1977)_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREF1977" class="book" style="font-style:normal">The Encyclopedia Americana.  1977. с. 518.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFEdison_Tech_Center" class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edisontechcenter.org/GalileoFerraris.html">Galileo Ferraris Physicist, Pioneer of Alternating Current Systems (1847 – 1897) Inventor of the Induction Motor „Father of three-phase current“ – Electrotechnical Congress, Frankfurt 1891</a> //   Edison Tech Center. Посетен на 3 юли 2012.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ferraris_(EBE)-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ferraris_(EBE)_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFEncyclopædia_Britannica" class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/204963/Galileo-Ferraris">Galileo Ferraris</a> //   Encyclopædia Britannica.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Biography_of_Galileo_Ferraris-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Biography_of_Galileo_Ferraris_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFIncredible_People_–_Biographies_of_Famous_People" class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://profiles.incredible-people.com/galileo-ferraris/">Biography of Galileo Ferraris</a> //   Incredible People – Biographies of Famous People.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Neidhofer_(2007)-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Neidhofer_(2007)_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFNeidhöfer" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Neidhöfer, Gerhard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4295047&contentType=Journals+%26+Magazines&queryText%3Dearly+three-phase+power+winner+in+the+development+of+polyphase">Early Three-Phase Power (History)</a> //  <i>IEEE Power and Energy Magazine</i> 5 (5).  DOI:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MPE.2007.904752">10.1109/MPE.2007.904752</a>. с. 88 – 100.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pansini_(1989)-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Pansini_(1989)_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPansini1989" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Pansini, Anthony J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.it/books?id=CxQdC6xPFSwC&pg=PA45&lpg=PA45&dq=GALILEO+FERRARIS+AC+MOTOR+INVENTION&source=web&ots=jjeS-hcv2T&sig=cYbNfNNeVwvMIhR-JCP8uReedRU&hl=it&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result#v=onepage&q&f=false">Basic of Electric Motors</a>.  Pennwell Publishing Company, 1989. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/0130600709" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-13-060070-9</a>. с. 45.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alger_(1976)-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Alger_(1976)_17-0"><sup><i><b>а</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alger_(1976)_17-1"><sup><i><b>б</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAlger1976" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Alger, P.L. и др. The History of Induction Motors in America //  <i>Proceedings of the IEEE</i> 64 (9).  1976. DOI:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/PROC.1976.10329">10.1109/PROC.1976.10329</a>. с. 1380 – 1383. Посетен на 1 декември 2012.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Klooster_(2009)-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Klooster_(2009)_18-0"><sup><i><b>а</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klooster_(2009)_18-1"><sup><i><b>б</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKlooster30_юли_2009" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Klooster, John W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=WKuG-VIwID8C&pg=PA305&lpg=PA305&dq=tesla+hired+by+westinghouse&source=bl&ots=KDI0aTz0EK&sig=oct2jnPyWkQ3qvUR-JmstK9F0FI&hl=en&sa=X&ei=jRwxUKK3LtS80QHjxoGYAg&sqi=2&ved=0CEEQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=tesla%20hired%20by%20westinghouse&f=false">Icons of Invention the Makers of the Modern World from Gutenberg to Gates.</a>  Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 30 юли 2009. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/9780313347443" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-313-34744-3</a>. Посетен на 10 септември 2012.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Day_(1996)-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Day_(1996)_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDay1996" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Day, Lance и др. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.ca/books?id=n--ivouMng8C&pg=PA1204&lpg=PA1204&dq=tesla+induction+motor+patent&source=bl&ots=CwZdCXFBMs&sig=yHtXcB6ukl3dO26c73h884URzsI&hl=en&sa=X&ei=1VpOUKCPAaLv0gGb14HwAw&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=tesla%20induction%20motor%20patent&f=false">Biographical Dictionary of the History of Technology</a>.  London, Routledge, 1996. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/0203028295" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-203-02829-5</a>. с. 1204. Посетен на 2 декември 2012.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Froehlich_(1992)-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Froehlich_(1992)_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFroehlich1992" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Froehlich, Fritz E. Editor-in-Chief и др. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Froehlich-Kent-Encyclopedia-Telecommunications-Television/dp/0824729153#reader_0824729153">The Froehlich/Kent Encyclopedia of Telecommunications: Volume 17 – Television Technology to Wire Antennas</a>. First.  New York, Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1992. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/0824729021" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8247-2902-1</a>. с. 36. Посетен на 2 декември 2012.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHubbell2011" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Hubbell, M.W. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Fundamentals-Nuclear-Power-Generation-Questions/dp/1463424418">The Fundamentals of Nuclear Power Generation Questions & Answers.</a>  Authorhouse, 2011. <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8:%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B8/9781463424411" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-1-4634-2441-1</a>. с. 27.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IEEE_German_Ch._(2012)-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-IEEE_German_Ch._(2012)_22-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFVDE_Committee_History_of_Electrical_Engineering_IEEE_German_ChapterЯнуари_2012" class="book" style="font-style:normal">VDE Committee History of Electrical Engineering IEEE German Chapter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vde.com/de/fg/ETG/Arbeitsgebiete/Geschichte/Aktuelles/Seiten/150JMDD.aspx">150th Birthday of Michael von Dolivo-Dobrowolsky Colloquium</a> //  <i>{{{journal}}}</i> 13.  Януари 2012. Посетен на 10 февруари 2013.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dolivo-Dobrowolsky_(1891)-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Dolivo-Dobrowolsky_(1891)_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFDolivo-Dobrowolsky1891" class="book" style="font-style:normal">Dolivo-Dobrowolsky, M. {{{title}}} //  <i>ETZ</i> 12.  1891. с. 149, 161.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sandacite.bg/производство-на-електрически-машини/">www.sandacite.bg</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patentscope.wipo.int/search/en/detail.jsf?docId=WO2020008319">WO/2020/008319 - Electrical Machine With An Auxiliary Movable Self-Directing Stator</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Електродвигатели/99-Шраге-Рихтер(magazin.eldvigateli)-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Електродвигатели/99-Шраге-Рихтер(magazin.eldvigateli)_26-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="book" style="font-style:normal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://magazin.eldvigateli.com/полезна-информация/36-електродвигатели/99-Шраге-Рихтер-електродвигатели/">Електродвигатели/99-Шраге-Рихтер(magazin.eldvigateli.)</a> //  {{{conference}}}.</cite> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305042751/http://magazin.eldvigateli.com/полезна-информация/36-електродвигатели/99-Шраге-Рихтер-електродвигатели/">Архив на оригинала от</a> 2016-03-05 в <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Външни_препратки"><span id=".D0.92.D1.8A.D0.BD.D1.88.D0.BD.D0.B8_.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B5.D0.BF.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.82.D0.BA.D0.B8"></span>Външни препратки</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Редактиране на раздел: Външни препратки" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>редактиране</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Външни препратки"><span>редактиране на кода</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.electrical4u.com/working-of-electric-motor">www.electrical4u.com</a></li></ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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