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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Electoral history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electoral_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cabinet_representation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cabinet_representation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Cabinet representation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cabinet_representation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ideology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ideology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ideology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ideology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electoral_history_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electoral_history_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Electoral history</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Electoral_history_2-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Electoral history subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Electoral_history_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Presidential_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidential_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Presidential elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidential_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chamber_of_Deputies_and_Senate_elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chamber_of_Deputies_and_Senate_elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Chamber of Deputies and Senate elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chamber_of_Deputies_and_Senate_elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voter_base" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voter_base"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Voter base</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voter_base-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Controversies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Controversies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2003–2007_internal_crisis_and_split" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2003–2007_internal_crisis_and_split"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>2003–2007 internal crisis and split</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2003–2007_internal_crisis_and_split-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-BANCOOP_scandal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#BANCOOP_scandal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>BANCOOP scandal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-BANCOOP_scandal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2006_electoral_scandal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2006_electoral_scandal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>2006 electoral scandal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2006_electoral_scandal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mensalão_scandal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mensalão_scandal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Mensalão scandal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mensalão_scandal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lava_Jato_scandal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lava_Jato_scandal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Lava Jato scandal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lava_Jato_scandal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Organization</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organization-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Organization subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Presidents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Presidents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Factions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Factions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Factions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Factions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tendencies_integrating_the_Building_a_New_Brazil_field" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tendencies_integrating_the_Building_a_New_Brazil_field"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3.1</span> <span>Tendencies integrating the Building a New Brazil field</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tendencies_integrating_the_Building_a_New_Brazil_field-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tendencies_categorized_as_the_left-wing_of_the_party" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tendencies_categorized_as_the_left-wing_of_the_party"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3.2</span> <span>Tendencies categorized as the left-wing of the party</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tendencies_categorized_as_the_left-wing_of_the_party-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Former_factions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_factions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3.3</span> <span>Former factions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_factions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Famous_members" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Famous_members"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Famous members</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Famous_members-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Further reading subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-In_English" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_English"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>In English</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_English-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Portuguese" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Portuguese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>In Portuguese</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Portuguese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Annotated_bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Annotated_bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.3</span> <span>Annotated bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Annotated_bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Workers' Party (Brazil)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 42 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A" title="حزب العمال البرازيلي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حزب العمال البرازيلي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0%C5%9F%C3%A7il%C9%99r_Partiyas%C4%B1_(Braziliya)" title="İşçilər Partiyası (Braziliya) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İşçilər Partiyası (Braziliya)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_(%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Партыя працоўных (Бразілія) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Партыя працоўных (Бразілія)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%BE%D1%9E%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85_(%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Партыя працоўных (Бразылія) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Партыя працоўных (Бразылія)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_(%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Партия на работниците (Бразилия) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Партия на работниците (Бразилия)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strollad_al_Labourerien_(Brazil)" title="Strollad al Labourerien (Brazil) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Strollad al Labourerien (Brazil)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partit_dels_Treballadors_(Brasil)" title="Partit dels Treballadors (Brasil) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Partit dels Treballadors (Brasil)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_dos_Trabalhadores" title="Partido dos Trabalhadores – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Partido dos Trabalhadores" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_dos_Trabalhadores" title="Partido dos Trabalhadores – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Partido dos Trabalhadores" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CE%95%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CF%89%CE%BD_(%CE%92%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B6%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Κόμμα Εργαζομένων (Βραζιλία) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κόμμα Εργαζομένων (Βραζιλία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_de_los_Trabajadores_(Brasil)" title="Partido de los Trabajadores (Brasil) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Partido de los Trabajadores (Brasil)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partio_de_la_Laboristoj_(Brazilo)" title="Partio de la Laboristoj (Brazilo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Partio de la Laboristoj (Brazilo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langileen_Alderdia_(Brasil)" title="Langileen Alderdia (Brasil) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Langileen Alderdia (Brasil)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%84" title="حزب کارگر برزیل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حزب کارگر برزیل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parti_des_travailleurs_(Br%C3%A9sil)" title="Parti des travailleurs (Brésil) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Parti des travailleurs (Brésil)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_dos_Traballadores_(Brasil)" title="Partido dos Traballadores (Brasil) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Partido dos Traballadores (Brasil)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%8F%99%EC%9E%90%EB%8B%B9_(%EB%B8%8C%EB%9D%BC%EC%A7%88)" title="노동자당 (브라질) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="노동자당 (브라질)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partai_Pekerja_(Brasil)" title="Partai Pekerja (Brasil) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Partai Pekerja (Brasil)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partito_dei_Lavoratori_(Brasile)" title="Partito dei Lavoratori (Brasile) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Partito dei Lavoratori (Brasile)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%92%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D_(%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%96%D7%99%D7%9C)" title="מפלגת הפועלים (ברזיל) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מפלגת הפועלים (ברזיל)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%90_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ბრაზილიის მუშათა პარტია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბრაზილიის მუშათა პარტია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factio_operariorum_(Brasilia)" title="Factio operariorum (Brasilia) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Factio operariorum (Brasilia)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Str%C4%81dnieku_partija_(Braz%C4%ABlija)" title="Strādnieku partija (Brazīlija) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Strādnieku partija (Brazīlija)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munk%C3%A1sp%C3%A1rt_(Braz%C3%ADlia)" title="Munkáspárt (Brazília) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Munkáspárt (Brazília)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%89" title="حزب العمال البرازيلى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="حزب العمال البرازيلى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_dos_Trabalhadores" title="Partido dos Trabalhadores – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Partido dos Trabalhadores" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%B4%E5%83%8D%E8%80%85%E5%85%9A_(%E3%83%96%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B8%E3%83%AB)" title="労働者党 (ブラジル) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="労働者党 (ブラジル)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_dos_Trabalhadores" title="Partido dos Trabalhadores – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Partido dos Trabalhadores" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_dos_Trabalhadores" title="Partido dos Trabalhadores – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Partido dos Trabalhadores" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partia_Pracuj%C4%85cych" title="Partia Pracujących – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Partia Pracujących" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_dos_Trabalhadores" title="Partido dos Trabalhadores – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Partido dos Trabalhadores" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8F%D1%89%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%81%D1%8F_(%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Партия трудящихся (Бразилия) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Партия трудящихся (Бразилия)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workers%27_Party_(Brazil)" title="Workers' Party (Brazil) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Workers' Party (Brazil)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotn%C3%ADcka_strana_(Braz%C3%ADlia)" title="Robotnícka strana (Brazília) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Robotnícka strana (Brazília)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_(%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB)" title="Радничка партија (Бразил) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Радничка партија (Бразил)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radni%C4%8Dka_partija_(Brazil)" title="Radnička partija (Brazil) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Radnička partija (Brazil)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ty%C3%B6v%C3%A4enpuolue_(Brasilia)" title="Työväenpuolue (Brasilia) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Työväenpuolue (Brasilia)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partido_dos_Trabalhadores" title="Partido dos Trabalhadores – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Partido dos Trabalhadores" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0%C5%9F%C3%A7i_Partisi_(Brezilya)" title="İşçi Partisi (Brezilya) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İşçi Partisi (Brezilya)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F_(%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Робітнича партія (Бразилія) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Робітнича партія (Бразилія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A3ng_C%C3%B4ng_nh%C3%A2n_(Brasil)" title="Đảng Công nhân (Brasil) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đảng Công nhân (Brasil)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E9%BB%A8_(%E5%B7%B4%E8%A5%BF)" title="勞工黨 (巴西) – Chinese" 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.hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Partido dos Trabalhadores" redirects here. For the Bissau-Guinean party, see <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Party_(Guinea-Bissau)" title="Workers' Party (Guinea-Bissau)">Workers' Party (Guinea-Bissau)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Labour_Party_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Brazilian Labour Party (disambiguation)">Brazilian Labour Party</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #e20e28; border-bottom:2px solid #e20e28; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Workers' Party</div> <div style="font-size: 0.8em; padding-top:0.3em;" class="nickname" lang="pt">Partido dos Trabalhadores</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:PT_(Brazil)_logo_2021.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/PT_%28Brazil%29_logo_2021.svg/180px-PT_%28Brazil%29_logo_2021.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/PT_%28Brazil%29_logo_2021.svg/270px-PT_%28Brazil%29_logo_2021.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/PT_%28Brazil%29_logo_2021.svg/360px-PT_%28Brazil%29_logo_2021.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="956" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.3em;">PT</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">President</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Gleisi_Hoffmann" title="Gleisi Hoffmann">Gleisi Hoffmann</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Vice President</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Washington_Quaqu%C3%A1" title="Washington Quaquá">Washington Quaquá</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Honorary President</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">10 February 1980<span class="noprint">; 45 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1980-02-10</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Registered</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">11 February 1982<span class="noprint">; 43 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1982-02-11</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a>, Brazil</li><li><a href="/wiki/Bras%C3%ADlia" title="Brasília">Brasília</a>, Brazil</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Newspaper</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><i>Focus Brasil</i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Think_tank" title="Think tank">Think tank</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Fundação Perseu Abramo<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Student_wing" title="Student wing">Student wing</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Juventude do PT<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Membership <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(2024)</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1,653,361<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a><sup id="cite_ref-Samuels_2004_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Samuels_2004-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">Progressivism</a><sup id="cite_ref-liberal_Lula_2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-liberal_Lula_2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">Populism</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lulism" title="Lulism">Lulism</a><sup id="cite_ref-Singer2009_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singer2009-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><b>Factions:</b></li><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">Democratic socialism</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-L_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_of_the_21st_century" title="Socialism of the 21st century">Socialism of the 21st century</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_left" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic left">Catholic left</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-smith_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_theology" title="Liberation theology">Liberation theology</a><sup id="cite_ref-knoll_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-knoll-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-flynn_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flynn-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-faith_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faith-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centre-left_politics" title="Centre-left politics">Centre-left</a></li><li><b>Factions:</b></li><li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">Left-wing</a><sup id="ref_A" class="reference"><a href="#cnote_A">[A]</a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">National affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Brazil_of_Hope" title="Brazil of Hope">Brazil of Hope</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Regional affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_Forum" title="São Paulo Forum">São Paulo Forum</a><br /><a href="/wiki/COPPPAL" title="COPPPAL">COPPPAL</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">International affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance" title="Progressive Alliance">Progressive Alliance</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colors</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#e20e28; color:white;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Red" title="Red">Red</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/White" title="White">White</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Superior_Electoral_Court" title="Superior Electoral Court">TSE</a> Identification Number</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">13</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_state_governors_in_Brazil" title="List of current state governors in Brazil">Governorships</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 27</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #e20e28; color:inherit; width: 15%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Brazil" title="Municipalities of Brazil">Mayors</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">252 / 5,570</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #e20e28; color:inherit; width: 5%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Senate_(Brazil)" title="Federal Senate (Brazil)">Federal Senate</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">9 / 81</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #e20e28; color:inherit; width: 11%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Brazil)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)">Chamber of Deputies</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">67 / 513</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #e20e28; color:inherit; width: 13%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Mercosur_Parliament" title="Mercosur Parliament">Mercosur Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">7 / 38</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #e20e28; color:inherit; width: 18%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assemblies_of_Brazilian_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative Assemblies of Brazilian states">State Assemblies</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">118 / 1,024</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #e20e28; color:inherit; width: 12%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A2mara_municipal#Brazil" title="Câmara municipal">City Councillors</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">3,130 / 56,810</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #e20e28; color:inherit; width: 6%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Party flag</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bandeira_do_Partido_dos_Trabalhadores_(2022).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Workers' Party"><img alt="Flag of the Workers' Party" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Bandeira_do_Partido_dos_Trabalhadores_%282022%29.png/180px-Bandeira_do_Partido_dos_Trabalhadores_%282022%29.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Bandeira_do_Partido_dos_Trabalhadores_%282022%29.png/270px-Bandeira_do_Partido_dos_Trabalhadores_%282022%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Bandeira_do_Partido_dos_Trabalhadores_%282022%29.png/360px-Bandeira_do_Partido_dos_Trabalhadores_%282022%29.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pt.org.br">pt<wbr />.org<wbr />.br</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #e20e28;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Brazil" title="Politics of Brazil">Politics of Brazil</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Brazil" title="List of political parties in Brazil">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Brazil" title="Elections in Brazil">Elections</a></li></ul></div><hr /><span id="cnote_A"><b><a href="#ref_A">^</a></b></span> <b>A:</b> A broad left-wing faction, it includes some <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Far-left_politics" title="Far-left politics">far-left</a><sup id="cite_ref-figeac_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-figeac-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> factions.<br /></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Social_democracy" title="Category:Social democracy">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0.65em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Rose_(symbolism)#Socialism_and_social_democracy" title="Rose (symbolism)"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Pu%C3%B1o_y_rosa.svg/50px-Pu%C3%B1o_y_rosa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Pu%C3%B1o_y_rosa.svg/75px-Pu%C3%B1o_y_rosa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Pu%C3%B1o_y_rosa.svg/100px-Pu%C3%B1o_y_rosa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="581" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B60202;background:transparent;padding-left:0.3em;text-align:center;color:black;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_social_democracy" title="History of social democracy">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="margin-top:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_Declaration" title="Frankfurt Declaration">Frankfurt Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godesberg_Program" title="Godesberg Program">Godesberg Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism">Humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalist%E2%80%93defencist_schism" title="Internationalist–defencist schism">Internationalist–defencist schism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keynesian_economics" title="Keynesian economics">Keynesianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_movement" title="Labour movement">Labor movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Marxism" title="Orthodox Marxism">Orthodox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionism_(Marxism)" title="Revisionism (Marxism)">Revisionist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_model" title="Nordic model">Nordic model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy#Second_International_era_and_reform_or_revolution_dispute_(1889–1914)" title="Social democracy">Reformist–revolutionary dispute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_socialism" title="History of socialism">Socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848" title="Revolutions of 1848">Revolutions of 1848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopian_socialism" title="Utopian socialism">Utopian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_capitalism" title="Welfare capitalism">Welfare capitalism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B60202;background:transparent;padding-left:0.3em;text-align:center;color:black;;color: var(--color-base)">Concepts</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="margin-top:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties" title="Civil liberties">Civil liberties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critical_theory" title="Critical theory">Critical theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy" title="Democracy">Democracy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_democracy" title="Economic democracy">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Industrial_democracy" title="Industrial democracy">Industrial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Representative_democracy" title="Representative democracy">Representative</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirigisme" title="Dirigisme">Dirigisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_protection" title="Environmental protection">Environmental protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_trade" title="Fair trade">Fair trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gradualism" title="Gradualism">Gradualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institutional_abuse" title="Institutional abuse">Institutional abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internationalism_(politics)#Socialism" title="Internationalism (politics)">Internationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_reform" title="Land reform">Land reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_rights" title="Labor rights">Labor rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_nationalism" title="Left-wing nationalism">Left-wing nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_economy" title="Mixed economy">Mixed economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalization" title="Nationalization">Nationalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Negative_and_positive_rights" title="Negative and positive rights">Negative and positive rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">Progressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformism" title="Reformism">Reformism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reformist_Left" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformist Left">Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformism" title="Reformism">Socialism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_socialism" title="Revolutionary socialism">Revolutionary socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_corporatism" title="Social corporatism">Social corporatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">Social justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_market_economy" title="Social market economy">Social market economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_state" title="Socialist state">Socialist state</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_capitalism" title="State capitalism">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_socialism" title="State socialism">Socialism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_abuse" title="Structural abuse">Structural abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structural_violence" title="Structural violence">Structural violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">Trade union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripartism" title="Tripartism">Tripartism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_spending" title="Welfare spending">Welfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">Welfare state</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B60202;background:transparent;padding-left:0.3em;text-align:center;color:black;;color: var(--color-base)">Variants</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="margin-top:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">Democratic socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_socialism" title="Ethical socialism">Ethical socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Bernstein#Opinions" title="Eduard Bernstein">Evolutionary socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_socialism" title="Liberal socialism">Liberal socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_of_the_21st_century" title="Socialism of the 21st century">Socialism of the 21st century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Way" title="Third Way">Third Way</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B60202;background:transparent;padding-left:0.3em;text-align:center;color:black;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_social_democrats" title="List of social democrats">People</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="margin-top:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B._R._Ambedkar" title="B. R. Ambedkar">Ambedkar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Allende" title="Salvador Allende">Allende</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacinda_Ardern" title="Jacinda Ardern">Ardern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obafemi_Awolowo" title="Obafemi Awolowo">Awolowo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Batlle_y_Ord%C3%B3%C3%B1ez" title="José Batlle y Ordóñez">Batlle y Ordóñez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Bebel" title="August Bebel">Bebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion" title="David Ben-Gurion">Ben-Gurion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Bernstein" title="Eduard Bernstein">Bernstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3mulo_Betancourt" title="Rómulo Betancourt">Betancourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulfikar_Ali_Bhutto" title="Zulfikar Ali Bhutto">Bhutto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Blanc" title="Louis Blanc">Blanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Brandt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hjalmar_Branting" title="Hjalmar Branting">Branting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Brown" title="Gordon Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Callaghan" title="James Callaghan">Callaghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1zaro_C%C3%A1rdenas" title="Lázaro Cárdenas">Cárdenas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Clark" title="Helen Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettino_Craxi" title="Bettino Craxi">Craxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Crosland" title="Anthony Crosland">Crosland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Corbyn" title="Jeremy Corbyn">Corbyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Curtin" title="John Curtin">Curtin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignacy_Daszy%C5%84ski" title="Ignacy Daszyński">Daszyński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_V._Debs" title="Eugene V. Debs">Debs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Douglas" title="Tommy Douglas">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Drees" title="Willem Drees">Drees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Ebert" title="Friedrich Ebert">Ebert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BClent_Ecevit" title="Bülent Ecevit">Ecevit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Engels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Fraser" title="Peter Fraser">Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Gaitskell" title="Hugh Gaitskell">Gaitskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Gandhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felipe_Gonz%C3%A1lez" title="Felipe González">González</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Goulart" title="João Goulart">Goulart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keir_Hardie" title="Keir Hardie">Hardie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Hilferding" title="Rudolf Hilferding">Hilferding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erdal_%C4%B0n%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="Erdal İnönü">İnönü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Jaur%C3%A8s" title="Jean Jaurès">Jaurès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Jumblatt" title="Kamal Jumblatt">Jumblatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carsun_Chang" title="Carsun Chang">Junmai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetsu_Katayama" title="Tetsu Katayama">Katayama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Kautsky" title="Karl Kautsky">Kautsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kerensky" title="Alexander Kerensky">Kerensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_K%C3%A9thly" title="Anna Kéthly">Kéthly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Kirk" title="Norman Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Lagos" title="Ricardo Lagos">Lagos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Lassalle" title="Ferdinand Lassalle">Lassalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Layton" title="Jack Layton">Layton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Lenin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_L%C3%A9vesque" title="René Lévesque">Lévesque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Liebknecht" title="Wilhelm Liebknecht">Liebknecht (father)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Liebknecht" title="Karl Liebknecht">Liebknecht (son)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg" title="Rosa Luxemburg">Luxemburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsay_MacDonald" title="Ramsay MacDonald">MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Mandela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Marx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alva_Myrdal" title="Alva Myrdal">Myrdal (Alva)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunnar_Myrdal" title="Gunnar Myrdal">Myrdal (Gunnar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olof_Palme" title="Olof Palme">Palme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgi_Plekhanov" title="Georgi Plekhanov">Plekhanov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romano_Prodi" title="Romano Prodi">Prodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Radbruch" title="Gustav Radbruch">Radbruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Sánchez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Joseph_Savage" title="Michael Joseph Savage">Savage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olaf_Scholz" title="Olaf Scholz">Scholz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorvald_Stauning" title="Thorvald Stauning">Stauning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Thomas" title="Norman Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joop_den_Uyl" title="Joop den Uyl">Den Uyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Webb,_1st_Baron_Passfield" title="Sidney Webb, 1st Baron Passfield">Webb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gough_Whitlam" title="Gough Whitlam">Whitlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noe_Zhordania" title="Noe Zhordania">Zhordania</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B60202;background:transparent;padding-left:0.3em;text-align:center;color:black;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/List_of_social_democratic_parties" title="List of social democratic parties">Organizations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="margin-top:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Trade_Union_Confederation" title="International Trade Union Confederation">International Trade Union Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Socialist_Youth" title="International Union of Socialist Youth">International Union of Socialist Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_European_Socialists" title="Party of European Socialists">Party of European Socialists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance" title="Progressive Alliance">Progressive Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_International" title="Socialist International">Socialist International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_European_Socialists" title="Young European Socialists">Young European Socialists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_of_Social_Democracy_in_Asia" title="Network of Social Democracy in Asia">Network of Social Democracy in Asia</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B60202;background:transparent;padding-left:0.3em;text-align:center;color:black;;color: var(--color-base)">By region</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="margin-top:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Social_Democratic_Party_of_Austria" title="History of the Social Democratic Party of Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="History of the Social Democratic Party of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Labour_Party_(UK)" title="History of the Labour Party (UK)">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Social democracy in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B60202;background:transparent;padding-left:0.3em;text-align:center;color:black;;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist" style="margin-top:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communism" title="Communism">Communism</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Internationale" title="The Internationale">The 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href="/wiki/Template:Social_democracy_sidebar" title="Template:Social democracy sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Social_democracy_sidebar" title="Template talk:Social democracy sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Social_democracy_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Social democracy sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Progressivism" title="Category:Progressivism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">Progressivism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding-top:0.6em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Political_colour#Purple" title="Political colour"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Purple_flag_waving.svg/75px-Purple_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Purple_flag_waving.svg/113px-Purple_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Purple_flag_waving.svg/150px-Purple_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Movements</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">BLM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_for_the_Common_Good" title="Economy for the Common Good">ECG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethical_movement" title="Ethical movement">Ethical movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indivisible_movement" title="Indivisible movement">Indivisible movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_movement" title="Labour movement">Labour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_movements" title="LGBTQ movements">LGBTQ movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MeToo_movement" title="MeToo movement">#MeToo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_Wall_Street" title="Occupy Wall Street">Occupy Wall Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Christianity" title="Progressive Christianity">Progressive Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Conservatism" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Conservatism">Progressive Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_and_progressivism_within_Islam" title="Liberalism and progressivism within Islam">Progressive Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Reform movement">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_hygiene_movement" title="Social hygiene movement">Social hygiene</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Resistance_(American_political_movement)" title="The Resistance (American political movement)">The Resistance</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/YIMBY" title="YIMBY">YIMBY</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Ideas</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_development" title="Economic development">Economic development</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broad_measures_of_economic_progress" title="Broad measures of economic progress">Broad measures of economic progress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_democracy" title="Direct democracy">Direct democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_enhancement" title="Human enhancement">Human enhancement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_rights" title="Indigenous rights">Indigenous rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersectionality" title="Intersectionality">Intersectionality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_theology" title="Liberation theology">Liberation theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_universalism" title="Moral universalism">Moral universalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress" title="Progress">Progress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_progress" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosophy of progress">Philosophy of progress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_education" title="Progressive education">Progressive education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inclusive_education_in_Latin_America#Educational_progressivism" title="Inclusive education in Latin America">In Latin America</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Progressive_stack" title="Progressive stack">Progressive stack</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_tax" title="Progressive tax">Progressive taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_liberalism" title="Religious liberalism">Religious liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_nationalism" title="Left-wing nationalism">Progressive nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">Social justice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_justice_warrior" title="Social justice warrior">Social justice warrior</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_organization" title="Social organization">Social organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_progress" class="mw-redirect" title="Social progress">Social progress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Social_Progress_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by Social Progress Index">List of countries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_progress" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific progress">Scientific progress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_change" title="Social change">Social change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_constructivism" title="Social constructivism">Social constructivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strategic_essentialism" title="Strategic essentialism">Strategic essentialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_design" title="Sustainable design">Sustainable design</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_engineering" title="Ecological engineering">Ecological engineering</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reparations_for_slavery" title="Reparations for slavery">Reparations for slavery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reparations_for_slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Reparations for slavery in the United States">In the US</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_management" title="Scientific management">Scientific management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_Unionism" class="mw-redirect" title="Solidarity Unionism">Solidarity unionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">Sustainable development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno-progressivism" title="Techno-progressivism">Techno-progressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welfare_state" title="Welfare state">Welfare state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage" title="Women's suffrage">Women's suffrage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workplace_democracy" title="Workplace democracy">Workplace democracy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Activists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Abbott" title="Edith Abbott">Abbott (Edith)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Abbott" title="Grace Abbott">Abbott (Grace)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Addams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imran_Ahmed_(strategist)" title="Imran Ahmed (strategist)">Ahmed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Alinsky" title="Saul Alinsky">Alinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Alexander" title="Michelle Alexander">Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajamu_X" title="Ajamu X">Ajamu X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah_Archer" title="Deborah Archer">Archer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alva_Belmont" title="Alva Belmont">Belmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Bond" title="Julian Bond">Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Brandeis" title="Louis Brandeis">Brandeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sophonisba_Breckinridge" title="Sophonisba Breckinridge">Breckinridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Campbell,_Baroness_Campbell_of_Surbiton" title="Jane Campbell, Baroness Campbell of Surbiton">Cambell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Cloward" title="Richard Cloward">Cloward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Debs" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene Debs">Debs (Eugene)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_Dees" title="Morris Dees">Dees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Perkins_Gilman" title="Charlotte Perkins Gilman">Gilman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fannie_Lou_Hamer" title="Fannie Lou Hamer">Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirana_Hassan" title="Tirana Hassan">Hassan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Heumann" title="Judith Heumann">Heumann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Huang" title="Margaret Huang">Huang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Jackson_(activist)" title="George Jackson (activist)">Jackson (George)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Jackson" title="Jesse Jackson">Jackson (Jesse)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther_Cooper_Jackson" title="Esther Cooper Jackson">Jackson (Esther)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anetta_Kahane" title="Anetta Kahane">Kahane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaun_King" title="Shaun King">King (Shaun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">King (Jr.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Ludmer" title="Maurice Ludmer">Ludmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeRay_Mckesson" title="DeRay Mckesson">Mckesson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliot_Page#Activism" title="Elliot Page">Page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justin_J._Pearson" title="Justin J. Pearson">Pearson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Rothblatt" title="Gabriel Rothblatt">Rothblatt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_J._Seligmann" title="Herbert J. Seligmann">Seligmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Smeeth" title="Ruth Smeeth">Smeeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Soros" title="Alexander Soros">Soros (Alexander)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Soros" title="George Soros">Soros (George)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harsha_Walia" title="Harsha Walia">Walia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Windsor#Activism" title="Edith Windsor">Windsor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Wong_(activist)" title="Alice Wong (activist)">Wong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Woodhull" title="Victoria Woodhull">Woodhull</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Commentators</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Imani_Barbarin" title="Imani Barbarin">Barbarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bedborough" title="George Bedborough">Bedborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Conover" title="Adam Conover">Conover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Criado_Perez" title="Caroline Criado Perez">Criado Perez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcy_Darnovsky" title="Marcy Darnovsky">Darnovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lizzie_Dearden" title="Lizzie Dearden">Dearden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Duberman" title="Martin Duberman">Duberman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Favreau_(speechwriter)" title="Jon Favreau (speechwriter)">Favreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesca_Fiorentini" title="Francesca Fiorentini">Fiorentini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Glaude" title="Eddie Glaude">Glaude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Goldberg" title="Michelle Goldberg">Goldberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thom_Hartmann" title="Thom Hartmann">Hartmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medhi_Hasan" class="mw-redirect" title="Medhi Hasan">Hasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_Jennings" title="Jazz Jennings">Jennings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra_Klein" title="Ezra Klein">Klein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Klippenstein" title="Ken Klippenstein">Klippenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Krugman" title="Paul Krugman">Krugman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyle_Kulinski" title="Kyle Kulinski">Kulinski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Levy_(writer)" title="Ariel Levy (writer)">Levy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Lovett" title="Jon Lovett">Lovett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josh_Marshall" title="Josh Marshall">Marshall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_McKay" title="Adam McKay">McKay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Miller" title="Stephanie Miller">Miller (Stephanie)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Monroe" title="Jack Monroe">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Moore" title="Michael Moore">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Morgan" title="Robin Morgan">Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Nagle" title="Angela Nagle">Nagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Okrent" title="Daniel Okrent">Okrent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Oliver" title="John Oliver">Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Pakman" title="David Pakman">Pakman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Pfeiffer" title="Daniel Pfeiffer">Pfeiffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_Piker" title="Hasan Piker">Piker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Rather" title="Dan Rather">Rather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Reich" title="Robert Reich">Reich (Robert)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joy_Reid" title="Joy Reid">Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Seder" title="Sam Seder">Seder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Sharpton" title="Al Sharpton">Sharpton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Simpson_(journalist)" title="Mark Simpson (journalist)">Simpson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Smith_(journalist)" title="Ben Smith (journalist)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Stewart" title="Jon Stewart">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Talbot" title="David Talbot">Talbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abigail_Thorn" title="Abigail Thorn">Thorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cenk_Uygur" title="Cenk Uygur">Uygur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Vietor" title="Tommy Vietor">Vietor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Wise" title="Tim Wise">Wise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaush" title="Vaush">Kochinski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ContraPoints" title="ContraPoints">Wynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Zuckerberg" title="Donna Zuckerberg">Zuckerberg</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Addams" title="Jane Addams">Addams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_L._Allen" title="Anita L. Allen">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Anderson" title="Carol Anderson">Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Benedict" title="Ruth Benedict">Benedict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruha_Benjamin" title="Ruha Benjamin">Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liat_Ben-Moshe" title="Liat Ben-Moshe">Ben-Moshe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Beveridge" title="William Beveridge">Beveridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Black" title="Edwin Black">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoinette_Brown_Blackwell" title="Antoinette Brown Blackwell">Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kate_Bornstein" title="Kate Bornstein">Bornstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Brand" title="Adolf Brand">Brand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Brandeis" title="Louis Brandeis">Brandeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judith_Butler" title="Judith Butler">Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Carpenter" title="Edward Carpenter">Carpenter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Condorcet" title="Marquis de Condorcet">de Condorcet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drucilla_Cornell" title="Drucilla Cornell">Cornell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Davis_(scholar)" title="Mike Davis (scholar)">Davis (Mike)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dewey" title="John Dewey">Dewey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_DiAngelo" title="Robin DiAngelo">DiAngelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelly_Brown_Douglas" title="Kelly Brown Douglas">Douglas (Kelly)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_O._Douglas" title="William O. Douglas">Douglas (William)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W.E.B._Du_Bois" class="mw-redirect" title="W.E.B. Du Bois">Du Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Eric_Dyson" title="Michael Eric Dyson">Dyson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havelock_Ellis" title="Havelock Ellis">Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Fredrickson" title="George M. Fredrickson">Fredrickson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betty_Friedan" title="Betty Friedan">Friedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Wilson_Gilmore" title="Ruth Wilson Gilmore">Gilmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evelynn_M._Hammonds" title="Evelynn M. Hammonds">Hammonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_E._Helms" title="Janet E. Helms">Helms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnus_Hirschfeld" title="Magnus Hirschfeld">Hirschfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_hooks" title="Bell hooks">hooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Jeffries" title="Leonard Jeffries">Jeffries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maulana_Karenga" title="Maulana Karenga">Karenga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Keller" title="Helen Keller">Keller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibram_X._Kendi" title="Ibram X. Kendi">Kendi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peggy_McIntosh" title="Peggy McIntosh">McIntosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Edward_Merriam" title="Charles Edward Merriam">Merriam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robin_Meyers" title="Robin Meyers">Meyers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Mills" title="Charles W. Mills">Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Money" title="John Money">Money</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Howard_Moore" title="J. Howard Moore">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Oastler#Political_philosophy" title="Richard Oastler">Oastler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marius_Ostrowski" title="Marius Ostrowski">Ostrowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nell_Irvin_Painter" title="Nell Irvin Painter">Painter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orlando_Patterson" title="Orlando Patterson">Patterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurit_Peled-Elhanan" title="Nurit Peled-Elhanan">Peled-Elhanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Rawls" title="John Rawls">Rawls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Reich" title="Wilhelm Reich">Reich (Wilhelm)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Roberts" title="Dorothy Roberts">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rothstein" title="Richard Rothstein">Rothstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Saini" title="Angela Saini">Saini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Sanger" title="Margaret Sanger">Sanger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abby_Stein" title="Abby Stein">Stein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_TallBear" title="Kim TallBear">TallBear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frances_Cress_Welsing" title="Frances Cress Welsing">Welsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornel_West" title="Cornel West">West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_B._Wilderson_III" title="Frank B. Wilderson III">Wilderson III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshana_Zuboff" title="Shoshana Zuboff">Zuboff</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacinda_Ardern" title="Jacinda Ardern">Ardern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_Attlee" title="Clement Attlee">Attlee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Atatürk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benazir_Bhutto" title="Benazir Bhutto">Bhutto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cory_Booker" title="Cory Booker">Booker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Boric" title="Gabriel Boric">Boric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willy_Brandt" title="Willy Brandt">Brandt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Jennings_Bryan" title="William Jennings Bryan">Bryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Casar" title="Greg Casar">Casar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">da Silva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Debs" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugene Debs">Debs (Eugene)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Drees" title="Willem Drees">Drees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howie_Hawkins" title="Howie Hawkins">Hawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Hessel" title="Stéphane Hessel">Hessel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Hughes" title="Charles Evans Hughes">Hughes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dario_Hunter" title="Dario Hunter">Hunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pramila_Jayapal" title="Pramila Jayapal">Jayapal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ro_Khanna" title="Ro Khanna">Khanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._La_Follette" title="Robert M. La Follette">La Follette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Layton" title="Jack Layton">Layton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Lee" title="Barbara Lee">Lee (Barbara)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_Lee" title="Summer Lee">Lee (Summer)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lewis" title="John Lewis">Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_Frost" title="Maxwell Frost">Frost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiorello_La_Guardia" title="Fiorello La Guardia">La Guardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyuh_Woon-hyung" title="Lyuh Woon-hyung">Lyuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Markey" title="Ed Markey">Markey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Manley" title="Michael Manley">Manley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_McGovern" title="George McGovern">McGovern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Merkley" title="Jeff Merkley">Merkley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mia_Mottley" title="Mia Mottley">Mottley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomiichi_Murayama" title="Tomiichi Murayama">Murayama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Murphy" title="Emily Murphy">Murphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader">Nader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Nehru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Holmes_Norton" title="Eleanor Holmes Norton">Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Manuel_L%C3%B3pez_Obrador" title="Andrés Manuel López Obrador">Obrador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria_Ocasio-Cortez" title="Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez">Ocasio-Cortez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilhan_Omar" title="Ilhan Omar">Omar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Petro" title="Gustavo Petro">Petro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Pocan" title="Mark Pocan">Pocan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayanna_Pressley" title="Ayanna Pressley">Pressley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JB_Pritzker" title="JB Pritzker">Pritzker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamie_Raskin" title="Jamie Raskin">Raskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Roosevelt" title="Eleanor Roosevelt">Roosevelt (Eleanor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Roosevelt (Franklin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Roosevelt" title="Theodore Roosevelt">Roosevelt (Theodore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_S%C3%A1nchez" title="Pedro Sánchez">Sánchez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Smith" title="Al Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jill_Stein" title="Jill Stein">Stein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashida_Tlaib" title="Rashida Tlaib">Tlaib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Trudeau" title="Pierre Trudeau">Trudeau (Pierre)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsai_Ing-wen" title="Tsai Ing-wen">Tsai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_A._Wallace" title="Henry A. Wallace">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Walz" title="Tim Walz">Walz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Warren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_B._Weaver" title="James B. Weaver">Weaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Wilson (Harold)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tar%C5%8D_Yamamoto" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarō Yamamoto">Yamamoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigory_Yavlinsky" title="Grigory Yavlinsky">Yavlinsky</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Better-World_Philosophy" title="Better-World Philosophy">Better-World Philosophy</a></i> (1899)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Man_and_Superman" title="Man and Superman">Man and Superman</a></i> (1903)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Universal_Kinship" title="The Universal Kinship">The Universal Kinship</a></i> (1906)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Open_Conspiracy" title="The Open Conspiracy">The Open Conspiracy</a></i> (1928)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mass_Psychology_of_Fascism" title="The Mass Psychology of Fascism">The Mass Psychology of Fascism</a></i> (1933)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Die_Sexualit%C3%A4t_im_Kulturkampf" title="Die Sexualität im Kulturkampf">Sexuality in the Cultural Struggle</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beveridge_Report" title="Beveridge Report">Beveridge Report</a></i> (1942)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rules_for_Radicals" title="Rules for Radicals">Rules for Radicals</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Humanist_Manifesto_II" title="Humanist Manifesto II">Humanist Manifesto II</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Woman_Hating" title="Woman Hating">Woman Hating</a></i> (1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Handmaid%27s_Tale" title="The Handmaid's Tale">The Handmaid's Tale</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Athena" title="Black Athena">Black Athena</a></i> (1987–2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Racial_Contract" title="The Racial Contract">The Racial Contract</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/War_Against_the_Weak" title="War Against the Weak">War Against the Weak</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Audacity_of_Hope" title="The Audacity of Hope">The Audacity of Hope</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Invention_of_the_Jewish_People" title="The Invention of the Jewish People">The Invention of the Jewish People</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Jim_Crow" title="The New Jim Crow">The New Jim Crow</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Speech_(Sanders_book)" title="The Speech (Sanders book)">The Speech</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Revolution_(Sanders_book)" title="Our Revolution (Sanders book)">Our Revolution</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/White_Rage" title="White Rage">White Rage</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Color_of_Law" title="The Color of Law">The Color of Law</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Inferior_(book)" title="Inferior (book)">Inferior</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Donna_Zuckerberg#Not_All_Dead_White_Men" title="Donna Zuckerberg">Not All Dead White Men</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/White_Fragility" title="White Fragility">White Fragility</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Invisible_Women:_Exposing_Data_Bias_in_a_World_Designed_for_Men" title="Invisible Women: Exposing Data Bias in a World Designed for Men">Invisible Women</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/How_to_Be_an_Antiracist" title="How to Be an Antiracist">How to Be an Antiracist</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Race_After_Technology" title="Race After Technology">Race After Technology</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Superior:_The_Return_of_Race_Science" title="Superior: The Return of Race Science">Superior</a></i> (2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nice_Racism" title="Nice Racism">Nice Racism</a></i> (2021)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amadeu_Antonio_Foundation" title="Amadeu Antonio Foundation">Amadeu Antonio Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_Liberties_Union" title="American Civil Liberties Union">ACLU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Sexual_Health_Association" title="American Sexual Health Association">ASHA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_Global_Network_Foundation" title="Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation">BLMGNF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Genetics_and_Society" title="Center for Genetics and Society">CGS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brennan_Center_for_Justice" title="Brennan Center for Justice">Brennan Center for Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_of_Change" title="Color of Change">Color of Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_Alliance" title="Democracy Alliance">Democracy Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Baker_Center_for_Human_Rights" title="Ella Baker Center for Human Rights">Ella Baker Center for Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equality_and_Human_Rights_Commission" title="Equality and Human Rights Commission">Equality and Human Rights Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Network_Against_Racism" title="European Network Against Racism">ENAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabian_Society" title="Fabian Society">Fabian Society</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Coefficients_(dining_club)" title="Coefficients (dining club)">Coefficients</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_Immigration_Reform_Movement" title="Fair Immigration Reform Movement">FIRM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Foundation" title="Ford Foundation">Ford Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hope_not_Hate" title="Hope not Hate">Hope not Hate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Lesbian,_Gay,_Bisexual,_Trans_and_Intersex_Association" title="International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association">ILGA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Committee_Against_Racism" title="International Committee Against Racism">InCAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Public_Policy_Research" title="Institute for Public Policy Research">IPPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacArthur_Foundation" title="MacArthur Foundation">MacArthur Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Black_Lives" title="Movement for Black Lives">Movement for Black Lives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_one_is_illegal" title="No one is illegal">No one is illegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Welfare_Rights_Organization" title="National Welfare Rights Organization">NWRO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Students_for_a_Democratic_Society_(2006_organization)" title="Students for a Democratic Society (2006 organization)">New SDS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Society_Foundations" title="Open Society Foundations">OSF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Revolution" title="Our Revolution">Our Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_for_the_American_Way" title="People for the American Way">PFAW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Alliance" title="Progressive Alliance">PA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_International" title="Progressive International">PI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_League" title="Progressive League">Progressive League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Majority" title="Progressive Majority">Progressive Majority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ProgressNow" title="ProgressNow">ProgressNow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Flare" title="Red Flare">Red Flare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wood_Johnson_Foundation" title="Robert Wood Johnson Foundation">RWJF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_for_the_People" title="Science for the People">SftP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tides_Foundation" title="Tides Foundation">Tides Foundation</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CTXT" title="CTXT">CTXT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HuffPost" title="HuffPost">HuffPost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacobin_(magazine)" title="Jacobin (magazine)">Jacobin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jezebel_(website)" title="Jezebel (website)">Jezebel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucifer_the_Lightbearer" class="mw-redirect" title="Lucifer the Lightbearer">Lucifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Jones_(magazine)" title="Mother Jones (magazine)">Mother Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Nation" title="The Nation">The Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Statesman" title="New Statesman">New Statesman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Progressive" title="The Progressive">The Progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salon.com" title="Salon.com">Salon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Searchlight_(magazine)" title="Searchlight (magazine)">Searchlight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Young_Turks" title="The Young Turks">The Young Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rational_Wiki" class="mw-redirect" title="Rational Wiki">Rational Wiki</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">By region</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kirchnerism" title="Kirchnerism">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lulism" title="Lulism">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_political_parties_(Japan)" title="Progressive political parties (Japan)">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_South_Korea" title="Progressivism in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_Taiwan" title="Progressivism in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemalism" title="Kemalism">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_the_United_States" title="Progressivism in the United States">United States</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #800080; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accelerationism" title="Accelerationism">Accelerationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communitarianism" title="Communitarianism">Communitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counterculture_of_the_1960s" title="Counterculture of the 1960s">Counterculture of the 1960s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_capitalism" title="Democratic capitalism">Democratic capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_progressivism" title="Economic progressivism">Economic progressivism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">Democratic socialism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red%E2%80%93green_alliance" title="Red–green alliance">Red–green alliance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">Social democracy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-libertarianism" title="Left-libertarianism">Left-libertarianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian socialism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-wing_populism" title="Left-wing populism">Left-wing populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">Liberalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Classical_radicalism" title="Classical radicalism">Classical radicalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_liberalism" title="Social liberalism">Social liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Modern liberalism in the United States">In United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink_tide" title="Pink tide">Pink tide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_Studies" class="mw-redirect" title="Progress Studies">Progress Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Era" title="Progressive Era">Progressive Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technocracy" title="Technocracy">Technocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalism" title="Unitarian Universalism">Unitarian Universalism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-bottom:0.22em; border-top:1px solid #800080; border-bottom:1px solid #800080; font-weight:bold"> <ul><li><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></b></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Progressivism_sidebar" title="Template:Progressivism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Progressivism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Progressivism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Progressivism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Progressivism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Workers' Party</b> (<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>: <i lang="pt">Partido dos Trabalhadores</i>, <b>PT</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Centre-left_politics" title="Centre-left politics">centre-left</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-L2_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-L2-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Brazil" title="List of political parties in Brazil">political party</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a> that is currently the country's ruling party. Some scholars classify its ideology in the 21st century as <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">social democracy</a>, with the party shifting from a broadly <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialist</a> ideology in the 1990s,<sup id="cite_ref-Samuels_2004_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Samuels_2004-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although the party retains a <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">left-wing</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and marginal far-left faction to this day.<sup id="cite_ref-figeac_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-figeac-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Founded in 1980, PT governed at the federal level in a <a href="/wiki/Coalition_government" title="Coalition government">coalition government</a> with several other parties from 1 January 2003 to 31 August 2016. After the <a href="/wiki/2002_Brazilian_general_election" title="2002 Brazilian general election">2002 parliamentary election</a>, PT became the largest party in the <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Brazil)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)">Chamber of Deputies</a> and the largest in the <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazilian Senate">Federal Senate</a> for the first time.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the highest approval rating in the history of the country at one time, President <a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva</a> was PT's most prominent member.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Dilma_Rousseff" title="Dilma Rousseff">Dilma Rousseff</a>, also a member of PT, was elected twice (first on 31 October 2010, and then again on 26 October 2014) but did not finish her second term due to <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_of_Dilma_Rousseff" title="Impeachment of Dilma Rousseff">her impeachment in 2016</a>. The party came back to power with Lula's victory in the <a href="/wiki/2022_Brazilian_general_election" title="2022 Brazilian general election">2022 presidential election</a>. </p><p>Both born among the opposition to the <a href="/wiki/1964_Brazilian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1964 Brazilian coup d'état">1964 <i>coup d'état</i></a> and the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Military_dictatorship_in_Brazil" title="Military dictatorship in Brazil">military dictatorship</a>, PT and the <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Social_Democracy_Party" title="Brazilian Social Democracy Party">Brazilian Social Democracy Party</a> (PSDB) were the biggest adversaries in contemporary <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Brazil" title="Politics of Brazil">Brazilian politics</a> from 1994 to 2014, with their candidates finishing either first or second on the ballot in each presidential election in that period. The Worker's Party won five presidential elections since the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Brazil_(1985%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Brazil (1985–present)">country reinstated democracy</a>, and came in second in every other election held in that time. </p><p>The party has been involved in a <a href="/wiki/List_of_scandals_in_Brazil" title="List of scandals in Brazil">number of corruption scandals</a> since Lula first came to power and saw its popular support plummet between 2015 and 2020, with presidential approval ratings falling from over 80% to 9%<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and successive reductions in all elected offices since 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/2022_Brazilian_general_election" title="2022 Brazilian general election">2022 general election</a> marked a turning point in that trajectory. </p><p>The party symbols are a five-pointed <a href="/wiki/Red_star" title="Red star">red star</a> inscribed with the initials "PT" in the center; a <a href="/wiki/Red_flag_(politics)" title="Red flag (politics)">red flag</a> with a white star also with the initials in the center; and the Workers Party's anthem.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its <a href="/wiki/Superior_Electoral_Court" title="Superior Electoral Court">Superior Electoral Court</a> (TSE) identification number is 13. Members and sympathisers of the party are known as "Petistas". </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workers%27_Party_(Brazil)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dep._lula.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Dep._lula.jpg/154px-Dep._lula.jpg" decoding="async" width="154" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Dep._lula.jpg/231px-Dep._lula.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Dep._lula.jpg/307px-Dep._lula.jpg 2x" data-file-width="476" data-file-height="721" /></a><figcaption>Lula, at the time a <a href="/wiki/Federal_deputy" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal deputy">Federal Deputy</a>, makes a speech at the <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Constituent_Assembly_(1988)" title="Brazilian Constituent Assembly (1988)">1988 Brazilian Constituent Assembly</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Workers' Party was launched by a heterogeneous group made up of militants opposed to Brazil's military government, trade unionists, left-wing intellectuals and artists and Catholics linked to the <a href="/wiki/Liberation_theology" title="Liberation theology">liberation theology</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sam_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sam-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on 10 February 1980 at Colégio Sion in <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a>, a private Catholic school for girls.<sup id="cite_ref-Ter_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ter-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party emerged as a result of the approach between the labor movements in the <a href="/wiki/ABC_Region" title="ABC Region">ABC Region</a> such as the Conferência das Classes Trabalhadoras (Conclat), later developed into the <a href="/wiki/Central_%C3%9Anica_dos_Trabalhadores" title="Central Única dos Trabalhadores">Central Única dos Trabalhadores</a> (CUT) which carried major strikes from 1978 to 1980; and the old Brazilian left-wing, whose proponents, many of whom were journalists, intellectuals, artists and union organizers, were returning from exile with the 1979 Amnesty law, many of them having endured imprisonment and torture at the hands of the military regime<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in addition to years of exile.<sup id="cite_ref-Ter_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ter-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Dilma_Rousseff" title="Dilma Rousseff">Dilma Rousseff</a> herself was imprisoned and tortured by the dictatorship.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1023981488">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .rquote{width:auto!important;float:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote rquote" style="float: center; width: 33%;"><p>PT was born by historical need. PT is not an accident. The future of Brazil goes through a party with the same program as PT, under any name whatsoever, under any leader whomsoever.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Claudio Solano, journalist</cite></div></blockquote> <p>PT was launched under a <a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">democratic socialism</a> trend.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the <a href="/wiki/1964_Brazilian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1964 Brazilian coup d'état">1964 <i>coup d'état</i></a>, Brazil's main federation of labor unions, the General Command of Workers (<i>Comando Geral dos Trabalhadores</i> – CGT), which gathered leaders approved by the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Labour_and_Employment_(Brazil)" title="Ministry of Labour and Employment (Brazil)">Ministry of Labour</a> since its formation, a practice tied to the fact that since <a href="/wiki/Get%C3%BAlio_Vargas" title="Getúlio Vargas">Getúlio Vargas</a>' dictatorship, unions had become quasi-state entities, was dissolved while unions themselves suffered intervention of the military regime. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trabalhadores.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Trabalhadores.JPG/220px-Trabalhadores.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Trabalhadores.JPG/330px-Trabalhadores.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Trabalhadores.JPG/440px-Trabalhadores.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Workers' Party regional branch in <a href="/wiki/Belo_Horizonte" title="Belo Horizonte">Belo Horizonte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Minas_Gerais" title="Minas Gerais">Minas Gerais</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The resurgence of an organized labour movement, evidenced by strikes in the <a href="/wiki/ABC_Region" title="ABC Region">ABC Region</a> on the late 1970s led by <a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva</a>, enabled the reorganization of the labour movement without the direct interference of the state. The movement originally sought to act exclusively in union politics, but the survival of a conservative unionism under the domination of the state (evidenced in the refoundation of CGT) and the influence exercised over the trade union movement by leaders of traditional left-wing parties, such as the <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Communist_Party" title="Brazilian Communist Party">Brazilian Communist Party</a> (<i>Partido Comunista Brasileiro</i>, PCB), forced the unionist movement of ABC, encouraged by <a href="/wiki/Anti-Stalinist_left" title="Anti-Stalinist left">anti-Stalinist</a> leaders, to organize its own party. </p><p>PT was officially recognized as a party by the <a href="/wiki/Superior_Electoral_Court" title="Superior Electoral Court">Brazilian Supreme Electoral Court</a> on 11 February 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first membership card belonged to art critic and former <a href="/wiki/Trotskyism" title="Trotskyism">Trotskyist</a> activist Mário Pedrosa, followed by literary scholar <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Candido" title="Antonio Candido">Antonio Candido</a> and historian <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9rgio_Buarque_de_Holanda" title="Sérgio Buarque de Holanda">Sérgio Buarque de Holanda</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Holanda's daughter Ana de Holanda later became <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_(Brazil)" title="Ministry of Culture (Brazil)">Minister of Culture</a> in the Rousseff cabinet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electoral_history">Electoral history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workers%27_Party_(Brazil)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Electoral history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/File:Elei%C3%A7%C3%B5es_PT_e_PSDB.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Elei%C3%A7%C3%B5es_PT_e_PSDB.gif" decoding="async" width="400" height="347" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="347" /></a><figcaption>Presidential elections against <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Social_Democracy_Party" title="Brazilian Social Democracy Party">PSDB</a> between 1994 and 2014</figcaption></figure> <p>Since 1988, the Workers' Party has grown in popularity on the national stage by winning the elections in many of the largest Brazilian cities, such as <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fortaleza" title="Fortaleza">Fortaleza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belo_Horizonte" title="Belo Horizonte">Belo Horizonte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Porto_Alegre" title="Porto Alegre">Porto Alegre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Goi%C3%A2nia" title="Goiânia">Goiânia</a> as well as in some important states, such as <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul">Rio Grande do Sul</a>, Espírito Santo and the <a href="/wiki/Federal_District_(Brazil)" title="Federal District (Brazil)">Federal District</a>. During the time it governed <a href="/wiki/Porto_Alegre" title="Porto Alegre">Porto Alegre</a>, it implemented measures such as a progressive tax reform, involving the rich being taxed more highly to fund basic services for the poor, and the development of new institutions of genuine popular participation which gave, according to one study, "real decision-making power to civil society and involving a large number of civil organizations – from neighbourhood groups to non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and from cultural groups to education, health and housing pressure groups – in running the city."<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This winning streak culminated with the victory of its presidential candidate Lula in 2002 who succeeded <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Henrique_Cardoso" title="Fernando Henrique Cardoso">Fernando Henrique Cardoso</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Social_Democracy_Party" title="Brazilian Social Democracy Party">Brazilian Social Democracy Party</a> (<i>Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira –</i> PSDB). For its defense of <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">economic liberalism</a>, PSDB is the party's main electoral rival as well as the <a href="/wiki/Democrats_(Brazil)" title="Democrats (Brazil)">Democrats</a>, heir of the <a href="/wiki/National_Renewal_Alliance" title="National Renewal Alliance">National Renewal Alliance</a> (<i>Aliança Renovadora Nacional –</i> ARENA), ruling party during the <a href="/wiki/Military_dictatorship" title="Military dictatorship">military dictatorship</a>. Along with the <a href="/wiki/Cidadania" title="Cidadania">Popular Socialist Party</a> (<i>Partido Popular Socialista –</i> PPS), a dissidence of PCB, they have been said to form the centre-right opposition to the Lula administration. </p><p><b>1989 presidential elections</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1989_Brazilian_presidential_election" title="1989 Brazilian presidential election">1989 Brazilian presidential election</a></div> <p>In the 1989 general elections, Lula went to the second round with <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Collor_de_Mello" title="Fernando Collor de Mello">Fernando Collor de Mello</a>. Even though all centrist and left-wing candidates of the first round united around Lula's candidacy, Collor's campaign was strongly supported by the mass media (notably <a href="/wiki/Rede_Globo" class="mw-redirect" title="Rede Globo">Rede Globo</a> as seen on the documentary <i><a href="/wiki/Beyond_Citizen_Kane" title="Beyond Citizen Kane">Beyond Citizen Kane</a></i>) and Lula lost in the second round by a close margin of 5.7%.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>1994 and 1998 general elections</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/1994_Brazilian_general_election" title="1994 Brazilian general election">1994 Brazilian general election</a> and <a href="/wiki/1998_Brazilian_general_election" title="1998 Brazilian general election">1998 Brazilian general election</a></div> <p>Leading up to the 1994 general elections, Lula was the leading presidential candidate in the majority of polls. As a result, centrist and right-wing parties openly united for <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Henrique_Cardoso" title="Fernando Henrique Cardoso">Fernando Henrique Cardoso</a>'s candidacy. As Minister of Economy, Cardoso created the <a href="/wiki/Plano_Real" title="Plano Real">Real Plan</a>, which established the <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_real" title="Brazilian real">new currency</a> and subsequently ended inflation and provided economic stability. As a result, Cardoso won the election in the first round with 54% of the votes. However, it has been noted that "the elections were not a complete disaster for PT, which significantly increased its presence in the Congress and elected for the first time two state governors".<sup id="cite_ref-1994_elections_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1994_elections-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cardoso would once again beat Lula in a rematch and re-elected for a second term in 1998. </p><p><b>2002 general elections</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2002_Brazilian_general_election" title="2002 Brazilian general election">2002 Brazilian general election</a></div> <p>After the detrition of PSDB's image and as a result of an economic crisis that burst in the final years of Cardoso's government, Lula won the 2002 presidential election in the second round. </p><p><b>2006 general elections</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2006_Brazilian_general_election" title="2006 Brazilian general election">2006 Brazilian general election</a></div> <p>On 29 October 2006, PT won 83 seats in the <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Brazil)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)">Chamber of Deputies</a> and 11 seats in the <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazilian Senate">Federal Senate</a>. Lula was re-elected with more than 60% of the votes, extending his position as <a href="/wiki/President_of_Brazil" title="President of Brazil">President of Brazil</a> until 1 January 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>PT was now the second largest party in the Chamber of Deputies, the fourth largest party in the Federal Senate and has five state governorships. However, it only gained control of one among the ten richest states (<a href="/wiki/Bahia" title="Bahia">Bahia</a>). </p><p><b>2010 general elections</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2010_Brazilian_general_election" title="2010 Brazilian general election">2010 Brazilian general election</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PT-black-cat-toucan.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/PT-black-cat-toucan.png/220px-PT-black-cat-toucan.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/PT-black-cat-toucan.png/330px-PT-black-cat-toucan.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/PT-black-cat-toucan.png/440px-PT-black-cat-toucan.png 2x" data-file-width="2955" data-file-height="1623" /></a><figcaption>PT as a black cat chasing a toucan (<a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Social_Democracy_Party" title="Brazilian Social Democracy Party">PSDB</a>'s mascot) by <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Latuff" title="Carlos Latuff">Carlos Latuff</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the 2010 general elections held on 3 October, PT gained control of 17.15% of the seats in the Chamber of Deputies, a record for the party since 2002. With 88 seats gained, it became the largest party in the lower chamber for the first time ever. PT also became the second largest party in the Federal Senate for the first time after electing of 11 senators, making a total of 14 senators for the 2010–2014 legislature. <a href="/wiki/With_the_Strength_of_the_People" title="With the Strength of the People">Its national coalition</a> gained control of 311 seats in the lower house and 50 seats in the upper house, a broad majority in both houses which the Lula administration never had. This election also saw the decrease in the number of seats controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Change_Brazil" title="Change Brazil">centre-right opposition bloc</a> as it shrank from 133 to 111 deputies. The left-wing opposition, formed by PSOL, retained control of three seats. </p><p>The party was also expected to elect its presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Dilma_Rousseff" title="Dilma Rousseff">Dilma Rousseff</a> in the first round. However, she was not able to receive the necessary number of valid votes (over 50%) and a second round in which she scored 56% of the votes took place on 31 October 2010. On 1 January 2011, she was inaugurated and thus became the first female <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a> ever in the <a href="/wiki/History_of_Brazil" title="History of Brazil">history of Brazil</a> and the first <i>de facto</i> female <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> since the death in 1816 of <a href="/wiki/Maria_I_of_Portugal" title="Maria I of Portugal">Maria I</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_Portuguese_monarchs" title="List of Portuguese monarchs">Queen of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves</a>. </p><p>In the 2010 elections, PT retained control of the governorships of Bahia, <a href="/wiki/Sergipe" title="Sergipe">Sergipe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Acre_(state)" title="Acre (state)">Acre</a>, in addition to gaining back control of Rio Grande do Sul and the Federal District. Nevertheless, it lost control of <a href="/wiki/Par%C3%A1" title="Pará">Pará</a>. Candidates supported by the party won the race in <a href="/wiki/Amap%C3%A1" title="Amapá">Amapá</a>, Ceará, <a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo">Espírito Santo</a>, Maranhão, <a href="/wiki/Mato_Grosso" title="Mato Grosso">Mato Grosso</a>, Pernambuco, <a href="/wiki/Piau%C3%AD" title="Piauí">Piauí</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro_(state)" title="Rio de Janeiro (state)">Rio de Janeiro</a>, which means that PT would participate in 13 out of 27 state governorships. </p><p><b>2014 general elections</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2014_Brazilian_general_election" title="2014 Brazilian general election">2014 Brazilian general election</a></div><p>In the 2014 general elections held on 5 October, the party won 13.9% of the vote and 69 seats in the Chamber of Deputies, down from the 88 seats they gained in 2010. In the first round of the presidential election, Rousseff won 41.6% of the vote but not enough to secure a victory.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the run-off on 26 October, Rousseff was re-elected with a narrow victory with 51.6% of the vote against Senator <a href="/wiki/A%C3%A9cio_Neves" title="Aécio Neves">Aécio Neves</a>. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cabinet_representation">Cabinet representation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workers%27_Party_(Brazil)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cabinet representation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>PT enjoyed strong representation in the cabinets it led for most of the time that it was in office. PT held the majority of cabinet positions in the first two coalitions, with its occupation of ministerial positions comprising 60% in the first coalition,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 54.8% in the second coalition and 46.5% in the third coalition.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ideology">Ideology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workers%27_Party_(Brazil)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Ideology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Socialism_in_Brazil" title="Socialism in Brazil">Socialism in Brazil</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manifestation_of_the_CUT_in_Brasilia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Manifestation_of_the_CUT_in_Brasilia.jpg/220px-Manifestation_of_the_CUT_in_Brasilia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Manifestation_of_the_CUT_in_Brasilia.jpg/330px-Manifestation_of_the_CUT_in_Brasilia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Manifestation_of_the_CUT_in_Brasilia.jpg/440px-Manifestation_of_the_CUT_in_Brasilia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2639" data-file-height="1772" /></a><figcaption>Demonstration of the <a href="/wiki/Central_%C3%9Anica_dos_Trabalhadores" title="Central Única dos Trabalhadores">Central Única dos Trabalhadores</a> (CUT) — Brazil's largest <a href="/wiki/National_trade_union_center" class="mw-redirect" title="National trade union center">national trade union center</a> — in <a href="/wiki/Bras%C3%ADlia" title="Brasília">Brasília</a>. Both CUT and PT share the same origin and both organizations maintain a strong connection</figcaption></figure> <p>Although PT deliberately never identified itself with a particular brand of leftism, it nevertheless "always defined itself as socialist" and espoused many radical positions.<sup id="cite_ref-dilm_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dilm-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, at the <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Constituent_Assembly_(1988)" title="Brazilian Constituent Assembly (1988)">Brazilian Constituent Assembly of 1988</a> it advocated repudiation of Brazil's <a href="/wiki/External_debt" title="External debt">external debt</a>, nationalization of the country's banks and mineral wealth and a radical <a href="/wiki/Land_reform" title="Land reform">land reform</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dilm_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dilm-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, as a form of protest and as a signal that the party did not fully accept the "rules of the game" PT's delegates refused to sign the draft constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-dilm_49-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dilm-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over the next few years, the party moderated a bit, but it never clearly shed its radicalism and undertook no major reforms of party principles even after Lula's defeat in the <a href="/wiki/1989_Brazilian_presidential_election" title="1989 Brazilian presidential election">1989 presidential elections</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dilm_49-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dilm-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, the resolution from the party's 8th National Meeting in 1993 reaffirmed PT's "revolutionary and socialist character", condemned the "conspiracy" of the elites to subvert democracy, stated that the party advocated "radical agrarian reform and suspension of the external debt" and concluded that "capitalism and private property cannot provide a future for humanity".<sup id="cite_ref-dilm_49-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dilm-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MST_International_Socialist46623.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/MST_International_Socialist46623.jpeg/220px-MST_International_Socialist46623.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/MST_International_Socialist46623.jpeg/330px-MST_International_Socialist46623.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/MST_International_Socialist46623.jpeg/440px-MST_International_Socialist46623.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1923" data-file-height="1339" /></a><figcaption>Activists of the <a href="/wiki/Landless_Workers%27_Movement" title="Landless Workers' Movement">Landless Workers' Movement</a>, one of the main social movements linked to the Worker's Party</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1994, Lula ran for the presidency again and during his campaign dismissed <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Henrique_Cardoso" title="Fernando Henrique Cardoso">Fernando Henrique Cardoso</a>'s recently implemented Real Plan as an "electoral swindle".<sup id="cite_ref-dilm_49-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dilm-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The resolutions from the 1994 National Meeting condemned the "control by the dominant classes over the means of production" and reaffirmed the party's "commitment to socialism".<sup id="cite_ref-dilm_49-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dilm-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> PT's Program of Government that year also committed the party to "anti-monopolist, anti-<a href="/wiki/Latifundium" title="Latifundium">latifúndio</a>, and anti-imperialist change [...] as part of a long-term strategy to construct an alternative to capitalism", statements that "sent shivers down the spine of the international financial community". Thus, as of 1995 "little or nothing" had changed in PT's official ideology since the early 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-dilm_49-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dilm-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Lula's 1994 loss, the party began a slow process of self-examination.<sup id="cite_ref-dilm_49-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dilm-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The resolution adopted at its 10th National Meeting in 1995 stated that "our 1994 defeat invites a cruel reflection about our image in society, about the external impact of our internal battles, [and] about our ideological and political ambiguities".<sup id="cite_ref-dilm_49-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dilm-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The move from self-examination did not involve a clean break with the past as in other socialist parties after the end of the Cold War.<sup id="cite_ref-dilm_49-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dilm-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The process was gradual, full of contradictions and replete with intra-party tension.<sup id="cite_ref-dilm_49-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dilm-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1997, the National Meeting resolution redefined PT's version of socialism as a "democratic revolution", emphasizing a political rather than economic vision of socialism that aimed to make the state "more transparent and socially accountable".<sup id="cite_ref-dilm_49-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dilm-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Lula's third presidential campaign platform in 1998 cut socialist proposals and even the mention of a transition to a socialist society, but the party's self-definition remained highly ambiguous as the resolution from the party's Meeting that year affirmed that Lula's platform "should not be confused with the socialist program of PT".<sup id="cite_ref-dilm_49-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dilm-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, while PT had begun to distance itself from its original socialist rhetoric and proposals by 1998, a clearer shift did not occur until after Lula lost again that year and after Lula and his group had more fully digested the impact of Brazil's changing political context and of Cardoso's economic reforms.<sup id="cite_ref-dilm_49-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dilm-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During Lula's fourth presidential run in 2002, the transition away from overt left-wing policies was fully cemented, and in a document known as the <i>Letter to the Brazilian People</i>, Lula committed himself and his party to the reform of taxes and pensions, and to promoting economic growth.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also accepted some of the liberal reforms from the Cardoso government, meaning that the party program was now <i>de facto</i> centre-left and social democratic in its ideology. Lula won the 2002 election in a landslide. However, some of the more left-wing factions of the party were critical of this turn toward the center and later left to form new left-wing parties like the <a href="/wiki/Socialism_and_Liberty_Party" title="Socialism and Liberty Party">Socialism and Liberty Party</a>. </p><p>The party has a strong left-wing Catholic faction, and the Catholic left is considered the leading force behind the creation of the party, together with the Marxist left and 'new unionism'. Catholic grassroots communities known as CEBs became widespread in Brazil and became the backbone of organization development of the PT in rural peripheries and rural areas, where the party relied on its Catholic faction to provide structural network. Whereas the party was considered a 'vehicle' for social change, supportive Catholic communities were "gasoline stations". The socialism of PT appealed to the Brazilian Catholic left, who was heavily influenced by <a href="/wiki/Liberation_theology" title="Liberation theology">liberation theology</a> and believed that Marxism and <a href="/wiki/Political_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Political Catholicism">Political Catholicism</a> complemented one another. One of pro-PT Catholic priests, <a href="/wiki/Frei_Betto" title="Frei Betto">Frei Betto</a>, declared in 1986: "A real Christian is a communist, and a real communist a Christian."<sup id="cite_ref-dyk_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dyk-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thanks to its large grassroots base, the Catholic left allowed PT to expand en masse and influenced the ideology of the party, as the Catholic factions provided meeting places for PT nuclei and engaged in "political consciousness-raising" amongst the rural population. Because of this, the pastoral work of the Catholic Church is considered to have been "fundamental for the PT's achieving a truly national character". One of the co-founders of PT, Hamilton Pereira, wrote that thanks to its Catholic origins, the party "became a party that [brought] along the various expressions of Brazil". Lula also stated several times that the Catholic left played a more important role in the PT than trade unions.<sup id="cite_ref-dyk_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dyk-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Workers' Party was the only party in Brazil able to develop such close relations with the Catholic Church.<sup id="cite_ref-smith_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smith-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The PT is also influenced by <a href="/wiki/Liberation_theology" title="Liberation theology">liberation theology</a>, considered an important factor in the creation of the party.<sup id="cite_ref-faith_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-faith-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Peter Flynn in the <a href="/wiki/Third_World_Quarterly" title="Third World Quarterly">Third World Quarterly</a> wrote that the party is closely linked to liberation theology, and its liberation Catholic faction was an important contribution towards the party's victory in the <a href="/wiki/2002_Brazilian_general_election" title="2002 Brazilian general election">2002 Brazilian general election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-flynn_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flynn-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The liberation theology faction of the party is also regularly included in the party's cabinet appointment. Liberationist bishop <a href="/wiki/Mauro_Morelli" title="Mauro Morelli">Mauro Morelli</a> served as president of the National Council for Food Security, and later became a political advisor of Lula. The PT mayor and Catholic lawyer <a href="/wiki/Patrus_Ananias" title="Patrus Ananias">Patrus Ananias</a> became famous through his administration in <a href="/wiki/Belo_Horizonte" title="Belo Horizonte">Belo Horizonte</a>, which became distinguished for its church-coordinated work against hunger and poverty. Liberation theologist Frei Betto also served as Lula's special adviser, and the faction also played a crucial role in the education policy of the party and the 2010 anti-corruption "clean slate" law.<sup id="cite_ref-knoll_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-knoll-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Major liberation theology figures such as <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_Boff" title="Leonardo Boff">Leonardo Boff</a> became supporters of the party.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The PT's close relationship with Brazil's progressive Catholic Church continues to influence the rherotic of the party, with its politicians referring concepts from liberation theology.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Electoral_history_2">Electoral history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workers%27_Party_(Brazil)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Electoral history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidential_elections">Presidential elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workers%27_Party_(Brazil)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Presidential elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Election </th> <th rowspan="2">Candidate </th> <th rowspan="2"><b>Running mate</b> </th> <th rowspan="2">Coalition </th> <th colspan="2">First round </th> <th colspan="2">Second round </th> <th rowspan="2"><b>Result</b> </th></tr> <tr> <th><b>Votes</b> </th> <th><b>%</b> </th> <th><b>Votes</b> </th> <th><b>%</b> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1989_Brazilian_presidential_election" title="1989 Brazilian presidential election">1989</a> </th> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva</a> (PT) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Paulo_Bisol" title="José Paulo Bisol">José Paulo Bisol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Socialist_Party" title="Brazilian Socialist Party">PSB</a>) </td> <td>PT; <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Socialist_Party" title="Brazilian Socialist Party">PSB</a>; <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Brazil" title="Communist Party of Brazil">PCdoB</a> </td> <td>11,622,673 </td> <td>16.1% (#2) </td> <td>31,076,364 </td> <td>47.0% (#2) </td> <td><b>Lost</b> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Red X" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/13px-Red_x.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/20px-Red_x.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/26px-Red_x.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display: none;">N</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1994_Brazilian_general_election" title="1994 Brazilian general election">1994</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Aloizio_Mercadante" title="Aloizio Mercadante">Aloizio Mercadante</a> (PT) </td> <td>PT; <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Socialist_Party" title="Brazilian Socialist Party">PSB</a>; <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Brazil" title="Communist Party of Brazil">PCdoB</a>; <a href="/wiki/Cidadania" title="Cidadania">PPS</a>; <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Brazil)" title="Green Party (Brazil)">PV</a>; <a href="/wiki/Unified_Workers%27_Socialist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Unified Workers' Socialist Party">PSTU</a> </td> <td>17,122,127 </td> <td>27.0% (#2) </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td><b>Lost</b> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Red X" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/13px-Red_x.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/20px-Red_x.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/26px-Red_x.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display: none;">N</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1998_Brazilian_general_election" title="1998 Brazilian general election">1998</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Leonel_Brizola" title="Leonel Brizola">Leonel Brizola</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Labour_Party_(Brazil)" title="Democratic Labour Party (Brazil)">PDT</a>) </td> <td>PT; <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Labour_Party_(Brazil)" title="Democratic Labour Party (Brazil)">PDT</a>; <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Socialist_Party" title="Brazilian Socialist Party">PSB</a>; <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Brazil" title="Communist Party of Brazil">PCdoB</a>; <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Communist_Party" title="Brazilian Communist Party">PCB</a> </td> <td>21,475,211 </td> <td>31.7% (#2) </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td><b>Lost</b> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Red X" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/13px-Red_x.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/20px-Red_x.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/26px-Red_x.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display: none;">N</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2002_Brazilian_general_election" title="2002 Brazilian general election">2002</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Alencar" title="José Alencar">José Alencar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Brazil,_1985)" title="Liberal Party (Brazil, 1985)">PL</a>) </td> <td>PT; <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Brazil,_1985)" title="Liberal Party (Brazil, 1985)">PL</a>; <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Brazil" title="Communist Party of Brazil">PCdoB</a>; <a href="/wiki/Party_of_National_Mobilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Party of National Mobilization">PMN</a>; <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Communist_Party" title="Brazilian Communist Party">PCB</a> </td> <td>39,455,233 </td> <td>46.4% (#1) </td> <td>52,793,364 </td> <td>61.3% (#1) </td> <td><b>Elected</b> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Green tick" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/13px-Green_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/20px-Green_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/26px-Green_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2006_Brazilian_general_election" title="2006 Brazilian general election">2006</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Alencar" title="José Alencar">José Alencar</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republicans_(Brazil)" title="Republicans (Brazil)">PRB</a>) </td> <td>PT; <a href="/wiki/Republicans_(Brazil)" title="Republicans (Brazil)">PRB</a>; <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Brazil" title="Communist Party of Brazil">PCdoB</a> </td> <td>46,662,365 </td> <td>48.6% (#1) </td> <td>58,295,042 </td> <td>60.8% (#1) </td> <td><b>Elected</b> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Green tick" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/13px-Green_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/20px-Green_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/26px-Green_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2010_Brazilian_presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 Brazilian presidential election">2010</a> </th> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dilma_Rousseff" title="Dilma Rousseff">Dilma Rousseff</a> (PT) </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Michel_Temer" title="Michel Temer">Michel Temer</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Democratic_Movement" title="Brazilian Democratic Movement">PMDB</a>) </td> <td>PT; <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Democratic_Movement" title="Brazilian Democratic Movement">PMDB</a>; <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Brazil,_2006)" title="Liberal Party (Brazil, 2006)">PR</a>; <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Socialist_Party" title="Brazilian Socialist Party">PSB</a>; <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Labour_Party_(Brazil)" title="Democratic Labour Party (Brazil)">PDT</a>; <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Brazil" title="Communist Party of Brazil">PCdoB</a>; <a href="/wiki/Social_Christian_Party_(Brazil)" title="Social Christian Party (Brazil)">PSC</a>; <a href="/wiki/Republicans_(Brazil)" title="Republicans (Brazil)">PRB</a>; <a href="/wiki/Christian_Labour_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Labour Party">PTC</a>; <a href="/wiki/Podemos_(Brazil)" title="Podemos (Brazil)">PTN</a> </td> <td>47,651,434 </td> <td>46.9% (#1) </td> <td>55,752,529 </td> <td>56.1% (#1) </td> <td><b>Elected</b> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Green tick" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/13px-Green_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/20px-Green_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/26px-Green_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2014_Brazilian_general_election" title="2014 Brazilian general election">2014</a> </th> <td>PT; <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Democratic_Movement" title="Brazilian Democratic Movement">PMDB</a>; <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Brazil,_2011)" title="Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 2011)">PSD</a>; <a href="/wiki/Progressistas" title="Progressistas">PP</a>; <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Brazil,_2006)" title="Liberal Party (Brazil, 2006)">PR</a>; <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Labour_Party_(Brazil)" title="Democratic Labour Party (Brazil)">PDT</a>; <a href="/wiki/Republicans_(Brazil)" title="Republicans (Brazil)">PRB</a>; <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_the_Social_Order" title="Republican Party of the Social Order">PROS</a>; <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Brazil" title="Communist Party of Brazil">PCdoB</a> </td> <td>43,267,668 </td> <td>41.6% (#1) </td> <td>54,501,118 </td> <td>51.6% (#1) </td> <td><b>Elected</b> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Green tick" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/13px-Green_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/20px-Green_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/26px-Green_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2018_Brazilian_presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2018 Brazilian presidential election">2018</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Haddad" title="Fernando Haddad">Fernando Haddad</a> (PT) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manuela_d%27%C3%81vila" title="Manuela d'Ávila">Manuela d'Ávila</a> (<a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Brazil" title="Communist Party of Brazil">PCdoB</a>) </td> <td>PT; <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Brazil" title="Communist Party of Brazil">PCdoB</a>; <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_the_Social_Order" title="Republican Party of the Social Order">PROS</a> </td> <td>31,341,997 </td> <td>29.3% (#2) </td> <td>47,040,380 </td> <td>44.8% (#2) </td> <td><b>Lost</b> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Red X" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/13px-Red_x.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/20px-Red_x.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Red_x.svg/26px-Red_x.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display: none;">N</span> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2022_Brazilian_general_election" title="2022 Brazilian general election">2022</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva</a> (PT) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Geraldo_Alckmin" title="Geraldo Alckmin">Geraldo Alckmin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Socialist_Party" title="Brazilian Socialist Party">PSB</a>) </td> <td>PT; <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Brazil" title="Communist Party of Brazil">PCdoB</a>; <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Brazil)" title="Green Party (Brazil)">PV</a>; <a href="/wiki/Socialism_and_Liberty_Party" title="Socialism and Liberty Party">PSOL</a>; <a href="/wiki/Sustainability_Network" title="Sustainability Network">REDE</a>; <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Socialist_Party" title="Brazilian Socialist Party">PSB</a>; <a href="/wiki/Solidariedade" class="mw-redirect" title="Solidariedade">Solidariedade</a>; <a href="/wiki/Avante_(political_party)" title="Avante (political party)">Avante</a>; <a href="/wiki/Act_(Brazil)" title="Act (Brazil)">Agir</a> </td> <td>57,259,405 </td> <td>48.4% (#1) </td> <td>60,325,504 </td> <td>50.9% (#1) </td> <td><b>Elected</b> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Green tick" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/13px-Green_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/20px-Green_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/26px-Green_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="9"><small>Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://electionresources.org/br/president.php?election=1994&state=BR">Election Resources: Federal Elections in Brazil – Results Lookup</a></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chamber_of_Deputies_and_Senate_elections">Chamber of Deputies and Senate elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workers%27_Party_(Brazil)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Chamber of Deputies and Senate elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Election </th> <th colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Brazil)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)">Chamber of Deputies</a> </th> <th colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazilian Senate">Federal Senate</a> </th> <th rowspan="2">Status </th></tr> <tr> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/– </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Seats </th> <th>+/– </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1982_Brazilian_legislative_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1982 Brazilian legislative election">1982</a> </td> <td>1,458,719 </td> <td>3.5 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">8 / 479</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #e20e28; color:inherit; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8 </td> <td>1,538,786 </td> <td>3.6 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 25</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #e20e28; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1986_Brazilian_legislative_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1986 Brazilian legislative election">1986</a> </td> <td>3,253,999 </td> <td>6.9 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">16 / 487</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #e20e28; color:inherit; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8 </td> <td> –  </td> <td> –  </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 49</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #e20e28; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Steady"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1990_Brazilian_legislative_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1990 Brazilian legislative election">1990</a> </td> <td>4,128,052 </td> <td>10.2 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">35 / 502</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #e20e28; color:inherit; width: 7%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 19 </td> <td> –  </td> <td> –  </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 31</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #e20e28; color:inherit; width: 3%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 1 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1994_Brazilian_general_election" title="1994 Brazilian general election">1994</a> </td> <td>5,959,854 </td> <td>13.1 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">49 / 513</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #e20e28; color:inherit; width: 10%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 14 </td> <td>13,198,319 </td> <td>13.8 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 54</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #e20e28; color:inherit; width: 7%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1998_Brazilian_general_election" title="1998 Brazilian general election">1998</a> </td> <td>8,786,528 </td> <td>13.2 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">58 / 513</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #e20e28; color:inherit; width: 11%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 9 </td> <td>11,392,662 </td> <td>18.4 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">7 / 81</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #e20e28; color:inherit; width: 9%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2002_Brazilian_general_election" title="2002 Brazilian general election">2002</a> </td> <td>16,094,080 </td> <td>18.4 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">91 / 513</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #e20e28; color:inherit; width: 18%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 33 </td> <td>32,739,665 </td> <td>21.3 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">14 / 81</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #e20e28; color:inherit; width: 17%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 7 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Coalition </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2006_Brazilian_general_election" title="2006 Brazilian general election">2006</a> </td> <td>13,989,859 </td> <td>15.1 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">83 / 513</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #e20e28; color:inherit; width: 16%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8 </td> <td>16,222,159 </td> <td>19.2 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">10 / 81</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #e20e28; color:inherit; width: 12%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 4 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Coalition </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2010_Brazilian_legislative_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 Brazilian legislative election">2010</a> </td> <td>16,289,199 </td> <td>16.9 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">88 / 513</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #e20e28; color:inherit; width: 17%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5 </td> <td>39,410,141 </td> <td>23.1 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">15 / 81</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #e20e28; color:inherit; width: 19%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 5 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Coalition </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/2014_Brazilian_general_election" title="2014 Brazilian general election">2014</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">13,554,166 </td> <td rowspan="2">14.0 </td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">68 / 513</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #e20e28; color:inherit; width: 13%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 20 </td> <td rowspan="2">15,155,818 </td> <td rowspan="2">17.0 </td> <td rowspan="2"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">12 / 81</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #e20e28; color:inherit; width: 15%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Coalition (2014–2016) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition (2016–2018) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2018_Brazilian_general_election" title="2018 Brazilian general election">2018</a> </td> <td>10,126,611 </td> <td>10.3 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">56 / 513</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #e20e28; color:inherit; width: 11%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 12 </td> <td>24,785,670 </td> <td>14.5 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">6 / 81</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #e20e28; color:inherit; width: 7%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 6 </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-no2">Opposition </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2022_Brazilian_general_election" title="2022 Brazilian general election">2022</a> </td> <td>15,354,125<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>13.9 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">69 / 513</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #e20e28; color:inherit; width: 13%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 13 </td> <td>12,456,553 </td> <td>12.2 </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">9 / 81</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #e20e28; color:inherit; width: 11%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3 </td> <td style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-yes2">Coalition </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="10"><small>Sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pdba.georgetown.edu/Elecdata/Brazil/brazil.html">Georgetown University</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://electionresources.org/br/deputies.php?election=1998&state=BR">Election Resources</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110515095756/http://jaironicolau.iesp.uerj.br/banco2004.html">Rio de Janeiro State University</a></small> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Votes obtained as part of <a href="/wiki/Brazil_of_Hope" title="Brazil of Hope">Brazil of Hope</a> coalition.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voter_base">Voter base</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workers%27_Party_(Brazil)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Voter base"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most of the Workers' Party votes in presidential elections since 2006 stems from the <a href="/wiki/North_Region,_Brazil" title="North Region, Brazil">North</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northeast_Region,_Brazil" title="Northeast Region, Brazil">Northeast</a> regions of Brazil. Nevertheless, the party has always won every presidential election in <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro_(state)" title="Rio de Janeiro (state)">Rio de Janeiro</a> from 1998 to 2014, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_District_(Brazil)" title="Federal District (Brazil)">Federal District</a> from 1989 to 2010 (with the exception in 1998 when Cardoso won there) and in <a href="/wiki/Minas_Gerais" title="Minas Gerais">Minas Gerais</a> from 2002 to 2014 (these are two of the three largest states by number of voters and together they comprise 18.5% of voters). The party also maintains a stronghold in the southernmost state of <a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Rio Grande do Sul">Rio Grande do Sul</a>, where it has won continuously since the second round of 1989 until 2002. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Registro_da_Candidatura_de_Lula_-_Elei%C3%A7%C3%B5es_2018_12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Registro_da_Candidatura_de_Lula_-_Elei%C3%A7%C3%B5es_2018_12.jpg/350px-Registro_da_Candidatura_de_Lula_-_Elei%C3%A7%C3%B5es_2018_12.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Registro_da_Candidatura_de_Lula_-_Elei%C3%A7%C3%B5es_2018_12.jpg/525px-Registro_da_Candidatura_de_Lula_-_Elei%C3%A7%C3%B5es_2018_12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Registro_da_Candidatura_de_Lula_-_Elei%C3%A7%C3%B5es_2018_12.jpg/700px-Registro_da_Candidatura_de_Lula_-_Elei%C3%A7%C3%B5es_2018_12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>PT supporters in the 2018 election. The banner in the front says "<a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Lula</a> is arrested unfairly".</figcaption></figure> <p>Most of PT's rejection comes from <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_(state)" title="São Paulo (state)">São Paulo</a> as it has won elections there only once in 2002 (both rounds). The historical PT rejection in São Paulo was more widespread in interior than the capital as PT won the 1988, 2000 and 2012 <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a> mayoral election and was a major force in his homeland, the <a href="/wiki/Greater_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="Greater São Paulo">Greater São Paulo</a>. Despite this, the party lost its support even in the region and has not won any electoral zone in the capital in 2016 municipal elections. <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Haddad" title="Fernando Haddad">Fernando Haddad</a>, the candidate seeking reelection, stayed in a distant second place, with 36 percentual points below the winner <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Doria" title="João Doria">João Doria</a>. PT managed to win in only one city of the region, the small and distant municipality of <a href="/wiki/Franco_da_Rocha" title="Franco da Rocha">Franco da Rocha</a>. PT is also strongly rejected in other states of the <a href="/wiki/Centro-Sul" title="Centro-Sul">Center-South</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro_(state)" title="Rio de Janeiro (state)">Rio de Janeiro</a>, which until <a href="/wiki/2018_Brazilian_general_election" title="2018 Brazilian general election">2018</a> had voted in the Workers Party presidential candidates in all new republic elections except 1994, the party shows strong difficulties to make representatives in federal, state and municipal levels. The party never elected a mayor in the <a href="/wiki/Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Rio de Janeiro">capital of the state</a>, never elected a governor (<a href="/wiki/Benedita_da_Silva" title="Benedita da Silva">Benedita da Silva</a>, the sole governor of the state from the party, took over because the resignation of the titular <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Garotinho" title="Anthony Garotinho">Anthony Garotinho</a> in 2002, which her party had broken some years early, and was massive defeated in the same year's election by the Garotinho's wife <a href="/wiki/Ros%C3%A2ngela_Matheus" title="Rosângela Matheus">Rosângela Matheus</a>) and is often overturned in elections by left-wing parties with much less weight in national elections. The triumphs in the state were more associated with a strong rejection of PSDB in the state (which is even more weak and rejected despite his national strength) than a support of PT's program. In 2018 presidential elections, PT lost in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo with similar percentages in both states, with a difference of only 0.02% less percent of valid votes to the party in São Paulo. Despite being a <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Region,_Brazil" title="Southeast Region, Brazil">southeastern</a> state, many regions of Minas Gerais, especially in the north region of the state, had strong economic, cultural and socially ties with the Northeast. <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Francisco_River" title="São Francisco River">São Francisco River</a>, a symbol of the Northeast, has its source in a small city of Minas, <a href="/wiki/Pirapora" title="Pirapora">Pirapora</a>. With the exception of Rio Grande do Sul, Distrito Federal, and <a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%ADrito_Santo" title="Espírito Santo">Espírito Santo</a> PT never gets an elected governor in the Center-south until 2014, when <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Pimentel" title="Fernando Pimentel">Fernando Damata Pimentel</a> was elected governor of Minas Gerais. </p><p>PT had a strong electoral stronghold in North Brazil and in the Amazonian region; The party triumphed in every state governorship in <a href="/wiki/Acre_(state)" title="Acre (state)">Acre</a> from 1990 to 2018. However, the Acre section of the party is far more independent and moderate than the rest of the party and PT had only won the presidential election in the state twice in 2002 and 2006. PT also lost the governorship of Acre in 2018 to a candidate from right-wing <a href="/wiki/Progressistas" title="Progressistas">Progressive Party</a>. <a href="/wiki/Roraima" title="Roraima">Roraima</a>, which the impact of the controversy about the <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_territory_(Brazil)" title="Indigenous territory (Brazil)">indigenous territory</a> of <a href="/wiki/Raposa_Serra_do_Sol" title="Raposa Serra do Sol">Raposa Serra do Sol</a>, which former President Lula gave strong support despite the opposition of the non-indigenous people; and <a href="/wiki/Rond%C3%B4nia" title="Rondônia">Rondônia</a>, which had a large population of evangelicals and south/southeastern migrants, also show reservations about the party. The electoral stronghold was also lost in 2018 elections; PT only triumphed in the states of <a href="/wiki/Par%C3%A1" title="Pará">Pará</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tocantins" title="Tocantins">Tocantins</a>, the only states in the region which borders Brazilian Northeast and much of their culture is near from Northwest than the rest of Amazon. In Amazonas, the largest Brazilian states, PT lost in 2018 for the first time since 1998; PT lost in the capital of the state, <a href="/wiki/Manaus" title="Manaus">Manaus</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Free_Economic_Zone_of_Manaus" title="Free Economic Zone of Manaus">free zone</a> which concentrates more than the half of the population of the state; in the large, sparsely inhabited interior of the Amazonian state, PT win by a large margin but insufficient to guarantee the fifth triumph of the party in the state on presidential election. </p><p>PT, however, maintained and expanded his stronghold in Northeast Brazil, conquered in Lula first elections in 2002. Since 2002, the only time that a state other than these which did not vote in PT in a presidential election was Alagoas in both rounds of 2002 presidential elections. PT and its allies was able to make big gains in north and northeast regions of Brazil even in times which the party was in crisis, like in the last mayoral elections. PT's most loyal party PCdoB and former allies <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Socialist_Party" title="Brazilian Socialist Party">Brazilian Socialist Party</a> (<i>Partido Socialista Brasileiro</i> − PSB) and <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Labour_Party_(Brazil)" title="Democratic Labour Party (Brazil)">Democratic Labour Party</a> (<i>Partido Democrático Trabalhista</i> − PDT) made huge gains in region together with PT in the Lula−Rousseff era. PCdoB is now the strongest party in <a href="/wiki/Maranh%C3%A3o" title="Maranhão">Maranhão</a> state and was able to elect the mayor of <a href="/wiki/Aracaju" title="Aracaju">Aracaju</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sergipe" title="Sergipe">Sergipe</a>; PSB is now the strongest party in the states of <a href="/wiki/Pernambuco" title="Pernambuco">Pernambuco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Para%C3%ADba" title="Paraíba">Paraíba</a>; and PDT was able to triumph in three capitals of the northeastern. Despite losing all capitals in northwest, PT had the governorships of three northwestern states, <a href="/wiki/Piau%C3%AD" title="Piauí">Piauí</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahia" title="Bahia">Bahia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cear%C3%A1" title="Ceará">Ceará</a>. The governorship of Bahia, conquered in 2006, is symbolical. The party was a stronghold of <a href="/wiki/Democrats_(Brazil)" title="Democrats (Brazil)">Liberal Front Party</a> (<i>Partido da Frente Liberal</i> − PFL), now <a href="/wiki/Democrats_(Brazil)" title="Democrats (Brazil)">Democrats</a> (<i>Democratas</i> − DEM), the greatest ideological rival of PT in national level. PSDB is a strongest party and headed all presidential tickets which PFL/DEM participated since 1994, but the origin of PSDB resembling with the origins PT as a leftist opposition to the dictatorship, and the parties had strong links until PSDB broke with PT and join in a coalition with PFL, a right-wing party with strong fiscal conservative views, associated with the <a href="/wiki/Military_dictatorship_in_Brazil" title="Military dictatorship in Brazil">Brazilian military regime</a> in 1993 and the homeland of <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B4nio_Carlos_Magalh%C3%A3es" title="Antônio Carlos Magalhães">Antônio Carlos Magalhães</a>, the strongest leadership of PFL and a fierce foe of PT. Bahia is now the main stronghold of PT, the most reliable state for the Petismo and is considered a governance model to the party. Despite this, the state's capital <a href="/wiki/Salvador,_Bahia" title="Salvador, Bahia">Salvador</a> is governed by <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B4nio_Carlos_Magalh%C3%A3es_Neto" title="Antônio Carlos Magalhães Neto">ACM Neto</a>, a leading member of <a href="/wiki/Democrats_(Brazil)" title="Democrats (Brazil)">DEM</a> and grandson of Antonio Carlos Magalhães. </p><p>The party is often accused of exploiting the North–South divide in Brazil to gain votes in the northeast. The party denies the claims and accuses the opposition to do the same in the South and Southeast. </p><p>According to a poll conducted by IBOPE on 31 October 2010, during the second round voting PT's candidate Dilma Rousseff had an overwhelming majority of votes among the poorest Brazilians.<sup id="cite_ref-OESP_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OESP-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her lead was of 26% among those who earned a <a href="/wiki/Minimum_wage" title="Minimum wage">minimum wage</a> or less per month.<sup id="cite_ref-OESP_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OESP-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rousseff also had the majority of votes among Catholics (58%), blacks (65%) and mixed-race Brazilians (60%).<sup id="cite_ref-OESP_55-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OESP-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amongst whites and Protestants, she was <a href="/wiki/Margin_of_error" title="Margin of error">statistically tie</a> to <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Serra" title="José Serra">José Serra</a> and her lead was of only 4% on both demographic groups.<sup id="cite_ref-OESP_55-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OESP-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even though she was the first female candidate in a major party, her votes amongst men was wider than amongst women.<sup id="cite_ref-OESP_55-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OESP-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workers%27_Party_(Brazil)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_scandals_in_Brazil" title="List of scandals in Brazil">List of scandals in Brazil</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2003–2007_internal_crisis_and_split"><span id="2003.E2.80.932007_internal_crisis_and_split"></span>2003–2007 internal crisis and split</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workers%27_Party_(Brazil)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 2003–2007 internal crisis and split"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The changes in the political orientation of PT (from a left-wing socialist to a centre-left <a href="/wiki/Social_democracy" title="Social democracy">social-democratic</a> party) after Lula was elected president were well received by many in the population, but as a historically more radical party, the PT has experienced a series of internal struggles with members who have refused to embrace the new political positions of the party. These struggles have fueled public debates, the worst of which had its climax in December 2003, when four dissident legislators were expelled from the party for voting against Social Insurance Reform.<sup id="cite_ref-Dissent_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dissent-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among these members were congressman <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Batista_Oliveira_de_Araujo" title="João Batista Oliveira de Araujo">João Batista Oliveira de Araujo</a> (known as Babá) and senator <a href="/wiki/Helo%C3%ADsa_Helena_(politician)" title="Heloísa Helena (politician)">Heloísa Helena</a>, who formed the <a href="/wiki/Socialism_and_Liberty_Party" title="Socialism and Liberty Party">Socialism and Liberty Party</a> (<i>Partido Socialismo e Liberdade</i> − PSOL) in June 2004 and ran for president in 2006, becoming at the time the woman who had garnered the most votes in Brazilian history. </p><p>In another move, 112 members of the radical wing of the party announced they were abandoning PT in the <a href="/wiki/World_Social_Forum" title="World Social Forum">World Social Forum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Porto_Alegre" title="Porto Alegre">Porto Alegre</a> on 30 January 2005. They also published a <a href="/wiki/Manifesto" title="Manifesto">manifesto</a> entitled <i>Manifesto of the Rupture</i> that states that PT "is no longer an instrument of social transformation, but only an instrument of the status quo", continuing with references to the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> and other economic and social issues. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="BANCOOP_scandal">BANCOOP scandal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workers%27_Party_(Brazil)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: BANCOOP scandal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This scandal, called the <a href="/wiki/BANCOOP_case" title="BANCOOP case">BANCOOP case</a>, included <a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Vaccari_Neto" title="João Vaccari Neto">João Vaccari Neto</a> and four other directors of the housing cooperative. The cooperative received government contracts and had multi-million real revenue. The cooperative was found to have illegally padded the service contracts by 20%, with many of the contracts going unfulfilled. The cooperative eventually folded with a deficit of over R$100 million, requiring liquidation of assets to minimize the loss by members. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2006_electoral_scandal">2006 electoral scandal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workers%27_Party_(Brazil)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 2006 electoral scandal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This scandal unfolded around September 2006, just two weeks before general elections. As a result, Berzoini left the coordination of Lula's re-election after allegedly using PT's budget (which is partially state-funded through party allowances) to purchase, from a confessed fraudster, a dossier that would be used to attack political adversaries. On 25 April 2007, the Supreme Electoral Tribunal unanimously cleared Lula of any responsibility for this scandal.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mensalão_scandal"><span id="Mensal.C3.A3o_scandal"></span>Mensalão scandal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workers%27_Party_(Brazil)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Mensalão scandal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mensal%C3%A3o_scandal" title="Mensalão scandal">Mensalão scandal</a></div> <p>In July 2005, members of the party suffered a <a href="/wiki/Mensal%C3%A3o_scandal" title="Mensalão scandal">sequence of corruption accusations</a>, started by a deputy of the <a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Labour_Party_(current)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brazilian Labour Party (current)">Brazilian Labour Party</a> (<i>Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro –</i> PTB), <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Jefferson" title="Roberto Jefferson">Roberto Jefferson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Serious evidence for slush funding and bribes-for-votes were presented, dragging PT to the most serious crisis in its history, known colloquially as the <i><a href="/wiki/Mensal%C3%A3o_scandal" title="Mensalão scandal">Mensalão</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Geno%C3%ADno" title="José Genoíno">José Genoíno</a> resigned as president of the party and was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Tarso_Genro" title="Tarso Genro">Tarso Genro</a>, former mayor of Porto Alegre. A small minority of party members defected as a result of the crisis. Most of them went to PSOL. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lava_Jato_scandal">Lava Jato scandal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workers%27_Party_(Brazil)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Lava Jato scandal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Car_Wash" title="Operation Car Wash">Operation Car Wash</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2021</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The investigation of a series of crimes, such corruption and money laundering, led to the arrest of the party's treasurer João Vaccari Neto and his sister-in-law. José Genoino, José Dirceu, Delcídio do Amaral, André Vargas and Delúbio Soares were also arrested in the process. Most recently, former President Lula was arrested in April 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in March 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Federal_Court" title="Supreme Federal Court">Supreme Federal Court</a> overturned all the convictions.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This came after leaks which suggested that Judge Sérgio Moro had conspired with the prosecution.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workers%27_Party_(Brazil)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidents">Presidents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workers%27_Party_(Brazil)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Presidents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since its inception the party has been led by the following: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva</a> (10 February 1980 – 24 January 1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rui_Falc%C3%A3o" title="Rui Falcão">Rui Falcão</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Dirceu" title="José Dirceu">José Dirceu</a> (1995–2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Geno%C3%ADno" title="José Genoíno">José Genoíno</a> (2002–2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarso_Genro" title="Tarso Genro">Tarso Genro</a> (2005) (interim)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Berzoini" title="Ricardo Berzoini">Ricardo Berzoini</a> (2005–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Aur%C3%A9lio_Garcia" title="Marco Aurélio Garcia">Marco Aurélio Garcia</a> (6 October 2006 – 2 January 2007) (interim)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Berzoini" title="Ricardo Berzoini">Ricardo Berzoini</a> (2 January 2007 – 19 February 2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Eduardo_Dutra" title="José Eduardo Dutra">José Eduardo Dutra</a> (19 February 2010 – 29 April 2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rui_Falc%C3%A3o" title="Rui Falcão">Rui Falcão</a> (29 April 2011 – 3 June 2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gleisi_Hoffmann" title="Gleisi Hoffmann">Gleisi Hoffmann</a> (since 3 June 2017)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Structure">Structure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workers%27_Party_(Brazil)&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> The party maintains directorates at the zonal, municipal, state and national levels, all elected directly by members of the party based on proportionality, gender parity, and both ethnic-racial and generational criteria. Each directorate elects an executive committee on the same basis to steer each directorate. The National Executive Committee maintains several national secretariats:<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style></p><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li>General</li> <li>Women;</li> <li>Youth;</li> <li>Combating Racism</li> <li>Lesbians, Gays, Bisexuals, Transvestites and Transsexuals (LGBT)</li> <li>Environment and Agrarian Development</li> <li>Trade Unions</li> <li>Culture</li> <li>Finance and Planning</li> <li>Organization</li> <li>Communication</li> <li>Popular Movements and Sectoral Policies</li> <li>International Relations</li> <li>Political Education</li> <li>Mobilization</li> <li>Institutional Affairs</li> <li>Economic Development</li> <li>Regional Coordination</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Factions">Factions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workers%27_Party_(Brazil)&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Factions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are about thirty <a href="/wiki/Political_faction" title="Political faction">factions</a> (<i>tendências</i>) within PT, ranging from Articulação, the centre-left group that Lula is a part of, to <a href="/wiki/Marxism" title="Marxism">Marxists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christian_socialism" title="Christian socialism">Christian socialists</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tendencies_integrating_the_Building_a_New_Brazil_field">Tendencies integrating the Building a New Brazil field</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workers%27_Party_(Brazil)&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Tendencies integrating the Building a New Brazil field"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Considered the right-wing of the party, i.e. going from centre to centre-left. </p> <ul><li>Articulation - Unity on Struggle (AUNL)</li> <li>PT Movement</li> <li>Radical Democracy (DR)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tendencies_categorized_as_the_left-wing_of_the_party">Tendencies categorized as the left-wing of the party</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workers%27_Party_(Brazil)&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Tendencies categorized as the left-wing of the party"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=O_Trabalho&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="O Trabalho (page does not exist)">The Work</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_Trabalho" class="extiw" title="pt:O Trabalho">pt</a>]</span> (O Trabalho, OT)</li> <li>Left-wing Articulation (AE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Democracy_(Brazil)" title="Socialist Democracy (Brazil)">Socialist Democracy</a> (DS)</li> <li>Socialist Brazil (BS)</li> <li>Democratic Left (ED)</li> <li>Popular Socialist Left (EPS)</li> <li>Socialist Resistance (RS)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Former_factions">Former factions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workers%27_Party_(Brazil)&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Former factions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Workers' Cause (CO) – seceded from the party in 1990 as the <a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Cause_Party" title="Workers' Cause Party">Workers' Cause Party</a> (PCO)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Socialist_Convergence_(Brazil)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Socialist Convergence (Brazil) (page does not exist)">Socialist Convergence</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Converg%C3%AAncia_Socialista" class="extiw" title="pt:Convergência Socialista">pt</a>]</span> (CS) – seceded in 1993 as part of <a href="/wiki/Unified_Workers%27_Socialist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Unified Workers' Socialist Party">Unified Workers' Socialist Party</a> (PSTU)</li> <li>Workers' Socialist Current (CST) – seceded in 2004 to form the <a href="/wiki/Socialism_and_Liberty_Party" title="Socialism and Liberty Party">Socialism and Liberty Party</a> (PSOL)</li> <li>Socialist Left Movement (MES) – seceded in 2004 to form the <a href="/wiki/Socialism_and_Liberty_Party" title="Socialism and Liberty Party">Socialism and Liberty Party</a> (PSOL)</li> <li>Popular Socialist Action (APS) – seceded in 2005 and joined the <a href="/wiki/Socialism_and_Liberty_Party" title="Socialism and Liberty Party">Socialism and Liberty Party</a> (PSOL)</li> <li>Tendency for the Workers' Revolutionary Party (TPOR) – Trotskyist faction that seceded in 1990 as the Workers' Revolutionary Party (POR)</li> <li>Marxist Left (EM), the Brazilian section of the <a href="/wiki/Trotskyism" title="Trotskyism">Trotskyist</a> <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Communist_International" title="Revolutionary Communist International">International Marxist Tendency</a>. Marxist Left released a statement saying that "for the revolutionaries, there is no more room for the construction of socialist ideas within PT".<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Famous_members">Famous members</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workers%27_Party_(Brazil)&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Famous members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Its members are known as <i>petistas</i>, from the Portuguese acronym PT. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henos_Amorina" title="Henos Amorina">Henos Amorina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Padilha" title="Alexandre Padilha">Alexandre Padilha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloizio_Mercadante" title="Aloizio Mercadante">Aloizio Mercadante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ana_Julia_Carepa" title="Ana Julia Carepa">Ana Julia Carepa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B4nio_Palocci" class="mw-redirect" title="Antônio Palocci">Antônio Palocci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arlindo_Chinaglia" title="Arlindo Chinaglia">Arlindo Chinaglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedita_da_Silva" title="Benedita da Silva">Benedita da Silva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binho_Marques" title="Binho Marques">Binho Marques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabo_Almi" title="Cabo Almi">Cabo Almi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chico_Buarque" title="Chico Buarque">Chico Buarque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chico_Mendes" title="Chico Mendes">Chico Mendes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilma_Rousseff" title="Dilma Rousseff">Dilma Rousseff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Suplicy" title="Eduardo Suplicy">Eduardo Suplicy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Haddad" title="Fernando Haddad">Fernando Haddad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Damata_Pimentel" class="mw-redirect" title="Fernando Damata Pimentel">Fernando Pimentel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_Mantega" title="Guido Mantega">Guido Mantega</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaques_Wagner" title="Jaques Wagner">Jaques Wagner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Paulo_Cunha" title="João Paulo Cunha">João Paulo Cunha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo%C3%A3o_Vaccari_Neto" title="João Vaccari Neto">João Vaccari Neto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Dirceu" title="José Dirceu">José Dirceu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Favre" title="Luis Favre">Luis Favre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luiz_Gushiken" title="Luiz Gushiken">Luiz Gushiken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luizianne_Lins" title="Luizianne Lins">Luizianne Lins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcelo_D%C3%A9da" title="Marcelo Déda">Marcelo Déda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Aur%C3%A9lio_Garcia" title="Marco Aurélio Garcia">Marco Aurélio Garcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marilena_Chaui" class="mw-redirect" title="Marilena Chaui">Marilena Chaui</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Juliana_Prestes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juliana Prestes (page does not exist)">Juliana Prestes</a>, niece of <a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Carlos_Prestes" title="Luís Carlos Prestes">Luís Carlos Prestes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ol%C3%ADvio_Dutra" title="Olívio Dutra">Olívio Dutra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulo_Delgado" title="Paulo Delgado">Paulo Delgado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulo_Freire" title="Paulo Freire">Paulo Freire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Maroni" title="Rodrigo Maroni">Rodrigo Maroni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9rgio_Buarque_de_Holanda" title="Sérgio Buarque de Holanda">Sérgio Buarque de Holanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarso_Genro" title="Tarso Genro">Tarso Genro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington_Dias_(politician)" title="Wellington Dias (politician)">Wellington Dias</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workers%27_Party_(Brazil)&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pt.org.br/tag/revista-focus-brasil/">"Revista Focus Brasil"</a> (in Brazilian Portuguese).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Revista+Focus+Brasil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpt.org.br%2Ftag%2Frevista-focus-brasil%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkers%27+Party+%28Brazil%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fpabramo.org.br/">"Página inicial - com gutenberg"</a>. <i>Fundação Perseu Abramo</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o+Perseu+Abramo&rft.atitle=P%C3%A1gina+inicial+-+com+gutenberg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffpabramo.org.br%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkers%27+Party+%28Brazil%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pt.org.br/tag/juventude-do-pt/">"Juventude do PT"</a>. <i>pt.org.br</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pt.org.br&rft.atitle=Juventude+do+PT&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpt.org.br%2Ftag%2Fjuventude-do-pt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkers%27+Party+%28Brazil%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sig.tse.jus.br/ords/dwapr/r/seai/sig-eleicao-filiados/home?p0_partido=PT&session=209160262768047">"Estatísticas de filiação"</a> [Membership Statistics]. <i>sig.tse.jus.br</i> (in Portuguese).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sig.tse.jus.br&rft.atitle=Estat%C3%ADsticas+de+filia%C3%A7%C3%A3o&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsig.tse.jus.br%2Fords%2Fdwapr%2Fr%2Fseai%2Fsig-eleicao-filiados%2Fhome%3Fp0_partido%3DPT%26session%3D209160262768047&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkers%27+Party+%28Brazil%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Samuels_2004-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Samuels_2004_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Samuels_2004_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamuels2004" class="citation journal cs1">Samuels, David (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.doi.org/10.1177/0010414004268856">"From Socialism to Social Democracy: Party Organization and the Transformation of the Workers' Party in Brazil"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Comparative_Political_Studies" title="Comparative Political Studies">Comparative Political Studies</a></i>. <b>37</b> (9): <span class="nowrap">999–</span>1024. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0010414004268856">10.1177/0010414004268856</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0010-4140">0010-4140</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:10001704">10001704</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comparative+Political+Studies&rft.atitle=From+Socialism+to+Social+Democracy%3A+Party+Organization+and+the+Transformation+of+the+Workers%27+Party+in+Brazil&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E999-%3C%2Fspan%3E1024&rft.date=2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A10001704%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0010-4140&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0010414004268856&rft.aulast=Samuels&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.doi.org%2F10.1177%2F0010414004268856&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkers%27+Party+%28Brazil%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/238536276">"Is Social Democracy Possible in Latin America?"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 29,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Is+Social+Democracy+Possible+in+Latin+America%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F238536276&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkers%27+Party+%28Brazil%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-liberal_Lula_2-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-liberal_Lula_2_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.futurity.org/tropical-forests-brazil-soybean-farming-2823882-2/">"Guidelines for soy don't protect tropical forests in Brazil"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Futurity_(website)" title="Futurity (website)">Futurity</a>. November 2, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 11,</span> 2023</span>. <q>Voters chose between the conservative Jair Bolsonaro and the liberal Lula da Silva.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Guidelines+for+soy+don%27t+protect+tropical+forests+in+Brazil&rft.date=2022-11-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.futurity.org%2Ftropical-forests-brazil-soybean-farming-2823882-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkers%27+Party+%28Brazil%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiisa_L._North,_Timothy_D._Clark2017" class="citation book cs1">Liisa L. North, Timothy D. Clark, ed. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WNsxDwAAQBAJ&dq=Brazil+%22progressive+Workers%27+Party%22&pg=PA212"><i>Dominant Elites in Latin America: From Neo-Liberalism to the 'Pink Tide'<span></span></i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Springer_Science%2BBusiness_Media" title="Springer Science+Business Media">Springer</a>. p. 212. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783319532554" title="Special:BookSources/9783319532554"><bdi>9783319532554</bdi></a>. <q>In Brazil, as Simone Bohn makes straightforward (Chap. 3), the progressive Workers' Party (Partido dos Trabalhadores, PT) governments did not threaten the power of the national elite or landlord class; ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dominant+Elites+in+Latin+America%3A+From+Neo-Liberalism+to+the+%27Pink+Tide%27&rft.pages=212&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9783319532554&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWNsxDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3DBrazil%2B%2522progressive%2BWorkers%2527%2BParty%2522%26pg%3DPA212&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkers%27+Party+%28Brazil%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp/brasil/fc12069802.htm">"Proposta do PT é "populista' e "estúpida", diz Dornbusch"</a> [PT's proposal is "populist" and "stupid", says Dornbusch]. <i><a href="/wiki/Folha_de_S.Paulo" title="Folha de S.Paulo">Folha de S.Paulo</a></i> (in Brazilian Portuguese).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Folha+de+S.Paulo&rft.atitle=Proposta+do+PT+%C3%A9+%22populista%27+e+%22est%C3%BApida%22%2C+diz+Dornbusch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww1.folha.uol.com.br%2Ffsp%2Fbrasil%2Ffc12069802.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkers%27+Party+%28Brazil%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCattanBiller2017" class="citation web cs1">Cattan, Nacha; Biller, David (October 31, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-10-31/these-elections-could-reshape-latin-america#xj4y7vzkg">"These Elections Could Reshape Latin America"</a>. Bloomberg<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved 22 November 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Khan, Shehab (14 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/jair-bolsonaro-brazil-far-right-president-campaign-funding-irregularities-investigation-a8633596.html">Jair Bolsonaro: Brazil's far-right president-elect accused of campaign funding irregularities</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. 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[PT elects the largest group in the Chamber and the second in the Senate]. <i>JusBrasil</i> <span class="languageicon">(in Brazilian Portuguese)</span>. 5 October 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rabello, Maria Luiza. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessweek.com/news/2010-02-01/lula-s-chosen-heir-surges-in-brazil-presidential-poll-update2-.html">"Lula's Chosen Heir Surges in Brazil Presidential Poll"</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2023">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>. <i><a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_Businessweek" title="Bloomberg Businessweek">Business Week</a></i>. 1 February 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://veja.abril.com.br/revista-veja/as-cinco-piores-taxas-de-popularidade-dos-presidentes-do-brasil/">"As cinco piores taxas de popularidade dos presidentes do Brasil"</a>. [The five worst popularity ratings of Brazilian presidents]. <i><a href="/wiki/Veja_(magazine)" title="Veja (magazine)">Veja</a></i> <span class="languageicon">(in Brazilian Portuguese)</span>. 27 July 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://g1.globo.com/politica/eleicoes/2018/eleicao-em-numeros/noticia/2018/10/08/pt-perde-deputados-mas-ainda-tem-maior-bancada-da-camara-psl-de-bolsonaro-ganha-52-representantes.ghtml">"Saiba como eram e como ficaram as bancadas na Câmara dos Deputados, partido a partido"</a> [Find out how the benches in the Chamber of Deputies were and how they were, party by party]. <i><a href="/wiki/G1_(website)" title="G1 (website)">G1</a></i> (in Brazilian Portuguese). October 8, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 8,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=G1&rft.atitle=Saiba+como+eram+e+como+ficaram+as+bancadas+na+C%C3%A2mara+dos+Deputados%2C+partido+a+partido&rft.date=2018-10-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fg1.globo.com%2Fpolitica%2Feleicoes%2F2018%2Feleicao-em-numeros%2Fnoticia%2F2018%2F10%2F08%2Fpt-perde-deputados-mas-ainda-tem-maior-bancada-da-camara-psl-de-bolsonaro-ganha-52-representantes.ghtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkers%27+Party+%28Brazil%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infomoney.com.br/politica/pt-desaparece-das-capitais-mdb-lidera-prefeituras-e-dem-e-o-que-mais-cresce-veja-destaques/">"PT "desaparece" das capitais, MDB lidera prefeituras e DEM é o que mais cresce; veja destaques"</a> [PT "disappears" from the capitals, MDB leads city halls and DEM is the fastest growing; see highlights]. <i>InfoMoney</i> (in Brazilian Portuguese). November 30, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 8,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=InfoMoney&rft.atitle=PT+%22desaparece%22+das+capitais%2C+MDB+lidera+prefeituras+e+DEM+%C3%A9+o+que+mais+cresce%3B+veja+destaques&rft.date=2020-11-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infomoney.com.br%2Fpolitica%2Fpt-desaparece-das-capitais-mdb-lidera-prefeituras-e-dem-e-o-que-mais-cresce-veja-destaques%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkers%27+Party+%28Brazil%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuizPuodzius2011" class="citation web cs1">LuizPuodzius (September 18, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6V3BIwA7rO8">"Hino do PT - Workers' Party of Brazil"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211117/6V3BIwA7rO8">Archived</a> from the original on November 17, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2016</span> – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hino+do+PT+-+Workers%27+Party+of+Brazil&rft.date=2011-09-18&rft.au=LuizPuodzius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D6V3BIwA7rO8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkers%27+Party+%28Brazil%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sam-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sam_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Samuels, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lasa.international.pitt.edu/members/congress-papers/lasa2004/files/SamuelsDavid_xCD.pdf">"From Socialism to Social Democracy: Party Organization and The Transformation of the Workers' Party in Brazil"</a>. <i>Comparative Political Studies</i>. p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ter-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ter_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ter_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Portuguese)</span> <a href="/wiki/Ag%C3%AAncia_Brasil" title="Agência Brasil">Agência Brasil</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://noticias.terra.com.br/eleicoes2006/interna/0,,OI1051899-EI6651,00.html">"Saiba mais sobre a história do PT"</a>. Terra. 24 June 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://congressoemfoco.uol.com.br/opiniao/colunistas/para-que-nao-se-esqueca-para-que-nunca-mais-aconteca/">"Para que não se esqueça, para que nunca mais aconteça"</a>. April 2, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Para+que+n%C3%A3o+se+esque%C3%A7a%2C+para+que+nunca+mais+aconte%C3%A7a&rft.date=2014-04-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcongressoemfoco.uol.com.br%2Fopiniao%2Fcolunistas%2Fpara-que-nao-se-esqueca-para-que-nunca-mais-aconteca%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkers%27+Party+%28Brazil%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/05/world/americas/president-rousseffs-decades-old-torture-detailed.html">"Leader's Torture in the '70s Stirs Ghosts in Brazil"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. August 5, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Leader%27s+Torture+in+the+%2770s+Stirs+Ghosts+in+Brazil&rft.date=2012-08-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F08%2F05%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fpresident-rousseffs-decades-old-torture-detailed.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkers%27+Party+%28Brazil%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Portuguese)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.fpa.org.br/manifesto-aprovado-na-reuniao-do-sion">"Manifesto aprovado na reunião do Sion"</a>. 24 April 2006. Fundação Perseu Abramo.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Portuguese)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tse.gov.br/internet/partidos/index.htm">Political parties registered under the Supreme Electoral Court</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101129060458/http://www.tse.gov.br/internet/partidos/index.htm">Archived</a> November 29, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Tribunal Superior Eleitoral.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Portuguese)</span> OGASSAWARA, Juliana Sayuri. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.revistaforum.com.br/sitefinal/EdicaoNoticiaIntegra.asp/?id_artigo=6979">"Onde estão os intelectuais brasileiros"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200526035544/http://www.revistaforum.com.br/sitefinal/EdicaoNoticiaIntegra.asp/?id_artigo=6979">Archived</a> May 26, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Fórum</i>. São Paulo: Editora Publisher, May 2009. Page 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Introduction to Latin America Twenty-First Century Challenges by Peadar Kirby, P.151</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/brazil/101.htm">"Brazil – The Presidential Election of 1989"</a>. Countrystudies.us<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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September 9, 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eleicoes2014.com.br/">the original</a> on September 9, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 21,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Elei%C3%A7%C3%B5es+2014&rft.date=2019-09-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eleicoes2014.com.br%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkers%27+Party+%28Brazil%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2010/11/10-brazil-politics-pereira/1110_brazil_politics_pereira.pdf">"Brookings Institution"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brookings+Institution&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brookings.edu%2F~%2Fmedia%2Fresearch%2Ffiles%2Fpapers%2F2010%2F11%2F10-brazil-politics-pereira%2F1110_brazil_politics_pereira.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkers%27+Party+%28Brazil%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorowitz1981" class="citation book cs1">Horowitz, Irving Louis (July 1, 1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rB0gE4DzsSsC&pg=PA164"><i>Policy Studies Review Annual</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2016</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Policy+Studies+Review+Annual&rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&rft.date=1981-07-01&rft.isbn=9780803913158&rft.aulast=Horowitz&rft.aufirst=Irving+Louis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrB0gE4DzsSsC%26pg%3DPA164&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkers%27+Party+%28Brazil%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunter2010" class="citation book cs1">Hunter, Wendy (September 13, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tquM3XUW5ccC&pg=PA164"><i>The Transformation of the Workers' Party in Brazil, 1989–2009</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781139492669" title="Special:BookSources/9781139492669"><bdi>9781139492669</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2016</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transformation+of+the+Workers%27+Party+in+Brazil%2C+1989%E2%80%932009&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010-09-13&rft.isbn=9781139492669&rft.aulast=Hunter&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtquM3XUW5ccC%26pg%3DPA164&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkers%27+Party+%28Brazil%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dilm-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dilm_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dilm_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dilm_49-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dilm_49-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dilm_49-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dilm_49-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dilm_49-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dilm_49-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dilm_49-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dilm_49-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dilm_49-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dilm_49-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dilm_49-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dilm_49-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dilm_49-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dilmanarede.com.br/ondavermelha/blogs-amigos/convocacao-dia-nacional-de-mobilizacao-dilma-presidente-27-de-outubro">Convocação: Dia Nacional de Mobilização Dilma Presidente 27 DE OUTUBRO</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706152118/http://dilmanarede.com.br/ondavermelha/blogs-amigos/convocacao-dia-nacional-de-mobilizacao-dilma-presidente-27-de-outubro">Archived</a> July 6, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Secretaria de cultura do PT-DF, 22 October 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/brasil/ult96u33908.shtml">[1]</a>. Retrieved 2020-12-04.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dyk-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dyk_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dyk_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_Dyck2014" class="citation book cs1">van Dyck, Brandon Philip (2014). <i>The Paradox of Adversity: New Left Party Survival and Collapse in Latin America</i>. Harvard University. pp. <span class="nowrap">111–</span>114.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Paradox+of+Adversity%3A+New+Left+Party+Survival+and+Collapse+in+Latin+America&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E111-%3C%2Fspan%3E114&rft.pub=Harvard+University&rft.date=2014&rft.aulast=van+Dyck&rft.aufirst=Brandon+Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkers%27+Party+%28Brazil%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMachado2010" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Machado, Adriano Henriques (2010). <i>Os católicos oPTaram?: os "setores católicos" e o Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) na grande São Paulo (1978-1982)</i> (in Portuguese). p. 89.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Os+cat%C3%B3licos+oPTaram%3F%3A+os+%22setores+cat%C3%B3licos%22+e+o+Partido+dos+Trabalhadores+%28PT%29+na+grande+S%C3%A3o+Paulo+%281978-1982%29&rft.pages=89&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Machado&rft.aufirst=Adriano+Henriques&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkers%27+Party+%28Brazil%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChalmersVilasHiteMartin1997" class="citation book cs1">Chalmers, Douglas A.; Vilas, Carlos M.; <a href="/wiki/Katherine_Hite" title="Katherine Hite">Hite, Katherine</a>; Martin, Scott B.; Piester, Kerianne; Segarra, Monique (1997). <i>The new politics of inequality in Latin America: rethinking participation and representation</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 431. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-878183-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-878183-0"><bdi>0-19-878183-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+new+politics+of+inequality+in+Latin+America%3A+rethinking+participation+and+representation&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=431&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-19-878183-0&rft.aulast=Chalmers&rft.aufirst=Douglas+A.&rft.au=Vilas%2C+Carlos+M.&rft.au=Hite%2C+Katherine&rft.au=Martin%2C+Scott+B.&rft.au=Piester%2C+Kerianne&rft.au=Segarra%2C+Monique&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkers%27+Party+%28Brazil%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OESP-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OESP_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OESP_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OESP_55-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OESP_55-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OESP_55-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://politica.estadao.com.br/noticias/geral,entre-mais-pobres-dilma-teve-26-pontos-de-folga,636229">Entre mais pobres, Dilma teve 26 pontos de folga</a>. <a href="/wiki/O_Estado_de_S._Paulo" title="O Estado de S. Paulo">O Estado de S. Paulo</a>. 7 November 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dissent-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dissent_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/world/la/displaystory.cfm?story_id=E1_NPDPPGN">"Lula's purge: The Workers' Party sheds its dissenters"</a>. <i>The Economist</i>. October 1, 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Lula%27s+purge%3A+The+Workers%27+Party+sheds+its+dissenters&rft.date=2003-10-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fworld%2Fla%2Fdisplaystory.cfm%3Fstory_id%3DE1_NPDPPGN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkers%27+Party+%28Brazil%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuffy2007" class="citation news cs1">Duffy, Gary (April 25, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/6593545.stm">"Lula cleared of electoral scandal"</a>. <i>BBC News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 1,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Lula+cleared+of+electoral+scandal&rft.date=2007-04-25&rft.aulast=Duffy&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Famericas%2F6593545.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkers%27+Party+%28Brazil%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070929095527/http://www.radiobras.gov.br/materia_i_2004.php?materia=234343&editoria=">"Portal da Cidadania"</a>. September 29, 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radiobras.gov.br/materia_i_2004.php?materia=234343&editoria=">the original</a> on September 29, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 22,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Portal+da+Cidadania&rft.date=2007-09-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiobras.gov.br%2Fmateria_i_2004.php%3Fmateria%3D234343%26editoria%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkers%27+Party+%28Brazil%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/apr/15/brazil-treasurer-petrobras-arrested">"Brazil Workers' Party treasurer arrested in Petrobras corruption investigation"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. Associated Press. April 16, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 22,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Brazil+Workers%27+Party+treasurer+arrested+in+Petrobras+corruption+investigation&rft.date=2015-04-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2015%2Fapr%2F15%2Fbrazil-treasurer-petrobras-arrested&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkers%27+Party+%28Brazil%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-56326389.amp">"Brazil judge annuls ex-leader Lula's convictions"</a>. March 8, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Brazil+judge+annuls+ex-leader+Lula%27s+convictions&rft.date=2021-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-latin-america-56326389.amp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkers%27+Party+%28Brazil%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVincent_Begins2019" class="citation web cs1">Vincent Begins (August 21, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2019/08/anti-corruption-crusades-paved-way-bolsonaro/596449/">"The Dirty Problems With Operation Car Wash: News reports have pointed to serious wrongdoing at the heart of the anti-corruption inquiry that has shaken many Latin American countries"</a>. The Atlantic.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Dirty+Problems+With+Operation+Car+Wash%3A+News+reports+have+pointed+to+serious+wrongdoing+at+the+heart+of+the+anti-corruption+inquiry+that+has+shaken+many+Latin+American+countries&rft.pub=The+Atlantic&rft.date=2019-08-21&rft.au=Vincent+Begins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Finternational%2Farchive%2F2019%2F08%2Fanti-corruption-crusades-paved-way-bolsonaro%2F596449%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkers%27+Party+%28Brazil%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pt.org.br/secretarias-e-setoriais/">"secretaria-nacional"</a>. <i>Partido dos Trabalhadores</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 16,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Partido+dos+Trabalhadores&rft.atitle=secretaria-nacional&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpt.org.br%2Fsecretarias-e-setoriais%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkers%27+Party+%28Brazil%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marxist.com/esquerda-marxista-decides-to-leave-pt.htm">"Esquerda Marxista (Marxist Left) decides to leave PT"</a>. <i>In Defense of Marxism</i>. May 5, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 26,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=In+Defense+of+Marxism&rft.atitle=Esquerda+Marxista+%28Marxist+Left%29+decides+to+leave+PT&rft.date=2015-05-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marxist.com%2Fesquerda-marxista-decides-to-leave-pt.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkers%27+Party+%28Brazil%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workers%27_Party_(Brazil)&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_English">In English</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workers%27_Party_(Brazil)&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: In English"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaiocchi2003" class="citation book cs1">Baiocchi, Gianpaolo, ed. (2003). <i>Radicals in Power: The Workers' Party and Experiments in Urban Democracy in Brazil</i>. Zed Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Radicals+in+Power%3A+The+Workers%27+Party+and+Experiments+in+Urban+Democracy+in+Brazil&rft.pub=Zed+Books&rft.date=2003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkers%27+Party+%28Brazil%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBranfordKucinski2005" class="citation book cs1">Branford, Sue; Kucinski, Bernardo (2005). <i>Lula and the Workers' Party in Brazil</i>. New Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lula+and+the+Workers%27+Party+in+Brazil&rft.pub=New+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Branford&rft.aufirst=Sue&rft.au=Kucinski%2C+Bernardo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkers%27+Party+%28Brazil%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruera2013" class="citation book cs1">Bruera, Hernán F. Gómez (2013). <i>Lula, the Workers' Party and the Governability Dilemma in Brazil</i>. Routledge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lula%2C+the+Workers%27+Party+and+the+Governability+Dilemma+in+Brazil&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Bruera&rft.aufirst=Hern%C3%A1n+F.+G%C3%B3mez&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkers%27+Party+%28Brazil%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunter2010" class="citation book cs1">Hunter, Wendy (2010). <i>The Transformation of the Workers' Party in Brazil, 1989–2009</i>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-51455-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-51455-2"><bdi>978-0-521-51455-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Transformation+of+the+Workers%27+Party+in+Brazil%2C+1989%E2%80%932009&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-521-51455-2&rft.aulast=Hunter&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkers%27+Party+%28Brazil%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeck1995" class="citation book cs1">Keck, Margaret E. (1995). <i>The Workers' Party and Democratization in Brazil</i>. Yale University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Workers%27+Party+and+Democratization+in+Brazil&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Keck&rft.aufirst=Margaret+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWorkers%27+Party+%28Brazil%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Portuguese">In Portuguese</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workers%27_Party_(Brazil)&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: In Portuguese"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Couto, A. J. Paula. <i>O PT em pílulas</i>.</li> <li>Dacanal, José Hildebrando. <i>A nova classe no poder</i>.</li> <li>Demier, Felipe. <i>As Transformações do PT e os Rumos da Esquerda no Brasil</i>.</li> <li>Godoy, Dagoberto Lima. <i>Neocomunismo no Brasil</i>.</li> <li>Harnecker, Martha (1994). <i>O sonho era possível</i>. São Paulo: Casa das Américas.</li> <li>Hohlfeldt, Antônio. <i>O fascínio da estrela</i>.</li> <li>Moura, Paulo. <i>PT – Comunismo ou Social-Democracia?</i>.</li> <li>Paula Couto, Adolpho João de. <i>A face oculta da estrela</i>.</li> <li>Pedrosa, Mário (1980). <i>Sobre o PT</i>. São Paulo: CHED Editorial.</li> <li>Pluggina, Percival. <i>Crônicas contra o totalitarismo</i>.</li> <li>Tavares, José Antônio Giusti with Fernando Schüller, Ronaldo Moreira Brum and Valério Rohden. <i>Totalitarismo tardio – o caso do PT</i>.</li> <li>Singer, André. <i>O PT – Folha Explica</i>.</li> <li>Singer, André. <i>Os Sentidos do Lulismo</i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Annotated_bibliography">Annotated bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workers%27_Party_(Brazil)&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Annotated bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4739869P5">Carlos Henrique Metidieri Menegozzo</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lattes.cnpq.br/8715129121601284">Dainis Karepovs</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lattes.cnpq.br/9984832119154642">Aline Fernanda Maciel</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lattes.cnpq.br/4925098455180178">Patrícia Rodrigues da Silva</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lattes.cnpq.br/7904921324819047">Rodrigo Cesar</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140222235722/http://novo.fpabramo.org.br/sites/default/files/pt_bibliografia_1ed-3.pdf">"Partido dos Trabalhadores: bibliografia comentada (1978–2002)"</a> (PDF). São Paulo: Editora Fundação Perseu Abramo. 413 p.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Workers%27_Party_(Brazil)&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in Portuguese)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tse.gov.br/">Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (Brazilian Electoral Superior Court)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101105064924/http://www.tse.gov.br/">Archived</a> November 5, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><span class="languageicon">(in Portuguese)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pt.org.br/">Partido dos Trabalhadores (Workers' Party) official webpage</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Labour_Party_(Brazil)" title="Democratic Labour Party (Brazil)">12 – DLP (PDT)</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Numbers of Brazilian Official Political Parties </b><br />13 – WP (PT) </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Democratic_Movement" title="Brazilian Democratic Movement">15 – BDM (MDB)</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Workers&#039;_Party_(Brazil)_(PT)109" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Workers%27_Party_(Brazil)" title="Template:Workers' Party (Brazil)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Workers%27_Party_(Brazil)" title="Template talk:Workers' Party (Brazil)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Workers%27_Party_(Brazil)" 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class="mw-redirect" title="José Genoino">José Genoino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarso_Genro" title="Tarso Genro">Tarso Genro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Berzoini" title="Ricardo Berzoini">Ricardo Berzoini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Aur%C3%A9lio_Garcia" title="Marco Aurélio Garcia">Marco Aurélio Garcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Berzoini" title="Ricardo Berzoini">Ricardo Berzoini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Eduardo_Dutra" title="José Eduardo Dutra">José Eduardo Dutra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rui_Falc%C3%A3o" title="Rui Falcão">Rui Falcão</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gleisi_Hoffmann" title="Gleisi Hoffmann">Gleisi Hoffmann</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Lula da Silva <small>(1989)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Lula da Silva <small>(1994)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Lula da Silva <small>(1998)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Lula da Silva <small>(2002)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Lula da Silva <small>(2006)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilma_Rousseff" title="Dilma Rousseff">Dilma Rousseff <small>(2010)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dilma_Rousseff" title="Dilma Rousseff">Dilma Rousseff <small>(2014)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Haddad" title="Fernando Haddad">Fernando Haddad <small>(2018)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luiz_In%C3%A1cio_Lula_da_Silva" title="Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva">Lula da Silva <small>(2022)</small></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elections and Campagins</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2009_Workers%27_Party_(Brazil)_leadership_election" title="2009 Workers' Party (Brazil) leadership election">2009 Workers' Party (Brazil) leadership election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Haddad_2018_presidential_campaign" title="Fernando Haddad 2018 presidential campaign">Fernando Haddad 2018 presidential campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lula_da_Silva_2022_presidential_campaign" title="Lula da Silva 2022 presidential campaign">Lula da Silva 2022 presidential campaign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lulism" title="Lulism">Lulism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Democracy_(Brazil)" title="Socialist Democracy (Brazil)">Socialist Democracy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/With_the_Strength_of_the_People" title="With the Strength of the People">With the Strength of the People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil_of_Hope" title="Brazil of Hope">Brazil of Hope</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Political_parties_in_Brazil316" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Brazilian_political_parties" title="Template:Brazilian political parties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Brazilian_political_parties" title="Template talk:Brazilian political parties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Brazilian_political_parties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Brazilian political parties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Political_parties_in_Brazil316" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Brazil" title="List of political parties in Brazil">Political parties in Brazil</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parties represented in<br />the <a href="/wiki/Chamber_of_Deputies_(Brazil)" title="Chamber of Deputies (Brazil)">Chamber of Deputies</a><br />(513 seats)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Brazil,_2006)" title="Liberal Party (Brazil, 2006)">Liberal Party</a> (97)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Workers' Party</a> (68)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil_Union" title="Brazil Union">Brazil Union</a> (59)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressistas" title="Progressistas">Progressives</a> (50)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Democratic_Movement" title="Brazilian Democratic Movement">Brazilian Democratic Movement</a> (43)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Brazil,_2011)" title="Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 2011)">Social Democratic Party</a> (43)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicans_(Brazil)" title="Republicans (Brazil)">Republicans</a> (41)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Labour_Party_(Brazil)" title="Democratic Labour Party (Brazil)">Democratic Labour Party</a> (18)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Socialist_Party" title="Brazilian Socialist Party">Brazilian Socialist Party</a> (15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podemos_(Brazil)" title="Podemos (Brazil)">We Can</a> (15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Social_Democracy_Party" title="Brazilian Social Democracy Party">Brazilian Social Democracy Party</a> (14)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialism_and_Liberty_Party" title="Socialism and Liberty Party">Socialism and Liberty Party</a> (13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Brazil" title="Communist Party of Brazil">Communist Party of Brazil</a> (7)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avante_(political_party)" title="Avante (political party)">Forward</a> (7)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Brazil)" title="Green Party (Brazil)">Green Party</a> (6)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cidadania" title="Cidadania">Citizenship</a> (4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Renewal_Party_(Brazil)" title="Democratic Renewal Party (Brazil)">Democratic Renewal Party</a> (5)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solidarity_(Brazil)" title="Solidarity (Brazil)">Solidarity</a> (4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Party_(Brazil)" title="New Party (Brazil)">New Party</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability_Network" title="Sustainability Network">Sustainability Network</a> (1)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parties represented<br />in the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Senate_(Brazil)" title="Federal Senate (Brazil)">Federal Senate</a><br />(81 seats)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Brazil,_2011)" title="Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 2011)">Social Democratic Party</a> (15)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Brazil,_2006)" title="Liberal Party (Brazil, 2006)">Liberal Party</a> (12)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Democratic_Movement" title="Brazilian Democratic Movement">Brazilian Democratic Movement</a> (11)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Workers' Party</a> (8)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil_Union" title="Brazil Union">Brazil Union</a> (7)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressistas" title="Progressistas">Progressives</a> (6)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Socialist_Party" title="Brazilian Socialist Party">Brazilian Socialist Party</a> (4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicans_(Brazil)" title="Republicans (Brazil)">Republicans</a> (4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podemos_(Brazil)" title="Podemos (Brazil)">We Can</a> (4)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Labour_Party_(Brazil)" title="Democratic Labour Party (Brazil)">Democratic Labour Party</a> (3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Social_Democracy_Party" title="Brazilian Social Democracy Party">Brazilian Social Democracy Party</a> (2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Party_(Brazil)" title="New Party (Brazil)">New Party</a> (1)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other registered parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Act_(Brazil)" title="Act (Brazil)">Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Communist_Party" title="Brazilian Communist Party">Brazilian Communist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Labour_Renewal_Party" title="Brazilian Labour Renewal Party">Brazilian Labour Renewal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Woman%27s_Party" title="Brazilian Woman's Party">Brazilian Woman's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democracy_(Brazil)" title="Christian Democracy (Brazil)">Christian Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Mobilization" title="National Mobilization">National Mobilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Unity_(Brazil)" title="Popular Unity (Brazil)">Popular Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Socialist_Workers%27_Party" title="United Socialist Workers' Party">United Socialist Workers' Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_Cause_Party" title="Workers' Cause Party">Workers' Cause Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unregistered active parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(Brazil)" title="Libertarian Party (Brazil)">Libertarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirate_Party_of_Brazil" title="Pirate Party of Brazil">Pirate Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Communist_Party_(Brazil)" title="Revolutionary Communist Party (Brazil)">Revolutionary Communist Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Brazil" title="Alliance for Brazil">Alliance for Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Black_Front" title="Brazilian Black Front">Brazilian Black Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Integralist_Action" title="Brazilian Integralist Action">Brazilian Integralist Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Labour_Party_(1945)" title="Brazilian Labour Party (1945)">Brazilian Labour Party (1945)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Labour_Party_(1981)" title="Brazilian Labour Party (1981)">Brazilian Labour Party (1981)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Electoral_League" title="Catholic Electoral League">Catholic Electoral League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Party_(Brazil)" title="Christian Democratic Party (Brazil)">Christian Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(Brazil)" title="Conservative Party (Brazil)">Conservative Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Republican_Party" title="Conservative Republican Party">Conservative Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Brazil,_1925-1934)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (Brazil, 1925-1934)">Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Social_Party" title="Democratic Social Party">Democratic Social Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democrats_(Brazil)" title="Democrats (Brazil)">Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionist_Liberal_Party_of_Cear%C3%A1" title="Evolutionist Liberal Party of Ceará">Evolutionist Liberal Party of Ceará</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Republican_Party_(Brazil)" title="Federal Republican Party (Brazil)">Federal Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluminense_Republican_Party" title="Fluminense Republican Party">Fluminense Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Fatherland_Party_(Brazil)" title="Free Fatherland Party (Brazil)">Free Fatherland Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ga%C3%BAcho_United_Front" title="Gaúcho United Front">Gaúcho United Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanist_Party_of_Solidarity" title="Humanist Party of Solidarity">Humanist Party of Solidarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Brazil,_1831)" title="Liberal Party (Brazil, 1831)">Liberal Party (1831)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(Brazil,_1985)" title="Liberal Party (Brazil, 1985)">Liberal Party (1985)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberator_Party_(Brazil)" title="Liberator Party (Brazil)">Liberator Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mineiro_Republican_Party" title="Mineiro Republican Party">Mineiro Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_the_Unity_of_the_Communists" title="Movement for the Unity of the Communists">Movement for the Unity of the Communists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Union_(Brazil)" title="National Democratic Union (Brazil)">National Democratic Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Renewal_Alliance" title="National Renewal Alliance">National Renewal Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orienting_Labour_Party" title="Orienting Labour Party">Orienting Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Popular_Representation" class="mw-redirect" title="Party of Popular Representation">Party of Popular Representation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_Christian_Democracy_of_Brazil" title="Party of the Christian Democracy of Brazil">Party of the Christian Democracy of Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_Nation%27s_Retirees" title="Party of the Nation's Retirees">Party of the Nation's Retirees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_Reconstruction_of_the_National_Order" title="Party of the Reconstruction of the National Order">Party of the Reconstruction of the National Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriota" title="Patriota">Patriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulista_Republican_Party" title="Paulista Republican Party">Paulista Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_League_(Brazil)" title="Progressive League (Brazil)">Progressive League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Republican_Party_(Brazil)" title="Progressive Republican Party (Brazil)">Progressive Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(Brazil,_1993)" title="Progressive Party (Brazil, 1993)">Progressive Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_Liberation_Party" title="Proletarian Liberation Party">Proletarian Liberation Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Progressive_Party" title="Reform Progressive Party">Reform Progressive Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renovator_Labour_Party" title="Renovator Labour Party">Renovator Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(Brazil)" title="Republican Party (Brazil)">Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_the_Social_Order" title="Republican Party of the Social Order">Republican Party of the Social Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retirees%27_National_Party_of_Brazil" title="Retirees' National Party of Brazil">Retirees' National Party of Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio-grandense_Republican_Party" title="Rio-grandense Republican Party">Rio-grandense Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Christian_Party_(Brazil)" title="Social Christian Party (Brazil)">Social Christian Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Brazil,_1945%E2%80%9365)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1945–65)">Social Democratic Party (1945)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Brazil,_1987)" title="Social Democratic Party (Brazil, 1987)">Social Democratic Party (1987)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Labour_Party" title="Social Labour Party">Social Labour Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Liberal_Party_(Brazil)" title="Social Liberal Party (Brazil)">Social Liberal Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Progressive_Party" title="Social Progressive Party">Social Progressive Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republican_Party_of_Cear%C3%A1" title="Socialist Republican Party of Ceará">Socialist Republican Party of Ceará</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syndicalist_Popular_Party_(Brazil)" title="Syndicalist Popular Party (Brazil)">Syndicalist Popular Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers%27_General_Party" title="Workers' General Party">Workers' General Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657089#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1586" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657089#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1586" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657089#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121770029">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/145091622">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/5078744-5">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81135951">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121584507">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb121584507">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Dělnická strana"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2005264442&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Partido dos Trabalhadores (Brazílie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko20221152901&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007266476105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/030100925">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Workers%27_Party_(Brazil)&oldid=1275989839">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Workers%27_Party_(Brazil)&oldid=1275989839</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Workers%27_Party_(Brazil)" title="Category:Workers' Party (Brazil)">Workers' Party (Brazil)</a></li><li><a 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