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class="jsx-2034782048 container"><a href="/"><img src="/static/images/logo.svg" alt="Top10VPN" width="135" height="20" class="jsx-2034782048 main-header__logo"/></a><div class="jsx-3798940715 main-header__wrapper"><a href="#maincontent" class="jsx-3798940715 skip-nav">Skip to main content</a><div class="jsx-3798940715 main-header__overlay"></div><nav class="jsx-3798940715 main-header__nav"><ul class="jsx-3798940715"><li class="jsx-3798940715 megamenu"><a href="/best-vpn/" class="jsx-3798940715 main-menu">BEST VPN</a></li><li class="jsx-3798940715 megamenu megamenu-reviews"><a href="/reviews/" class="jsx-3798940715 main-menu">VPN REVIEWS</a></li><li class="jsx-3798940715 megamenu-tools"><a href="/vpn-explained/#seeallguides" class="jsx-3798940715 main-menu"><span class="jsx-3798940715 attr"></span> WHAT IS A VPN</a></li><li class="jsx-3798940715 megamenu-tools"><a href="/tools/" class="jsx-3798940715 main-menu"><span class="jsx-3798940715 attr"></span> TOOLS</a></li><li 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clip-rule="evenodd" class="jsx-1153375155"></path></svg><span class="jsx-1153375155">Follow @top10vpn</span></a></div></div></div><nav class="jsx-2150738663 subnav research-theme research-subnav container"><ol class="jsx-2150738663"><li class="jsx-2150738663"><a class="active" href="/research/">ALL RESEARCH</a></li><li class="jsx-2150738663"><a href="/research/vpn/">VPN</a></li><li class="jsx-2150738663"><a href="/research/internet-censorship/">Censorship</a></li><li class="jsx-2150738663"><a href="/research/security/">Security</a></li><li class="jsx-2150738663"><a href="/research/surveillance/">Surveillance</a></li></ol></nav><div class="jsx-1153375155 container"><div class="jsx-912259115 breadcrumbs"><ol itemscope="" itemType="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList" class="jsx-912259115 "><li itemProp="itemListElement" itemscope="" itemType="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="jsx-912259115"><meta itemProp="position" content="1" class="jsx-912259115"/><a itemProp="item" class="bc-logo" href="https://www.top10vpn.com/"><meta itemProp="name" content="Home" class="jsx-912259115"/><img src="/static/images/logo-simplified-dark-1x1_ratio.svg" width="16" height="16" alt="Top10VPN" class="jsx-912259115"/></a></li><li itemProp="itemListElement" itemscope="" itemType="https://schema.org/ListItem" class="jsx-912259115"><a href="https://www.top10vpn.com/research/" itemProp="item" class="jsx-912259115"><span itemProp="name" class="jsx-912259115">Research</span></a><meta itemProp="position" content="2" class="jsx-912259115"/></li></ol></div><div class="jsx-1153375155 intro">Our research and investigations explore key issues relating to VPN software, internet censorship, digital rights, and cybersecurity. Our goal is to raise awareness about these important topics. Ultimately, we aim to make the internet a safer, less restricted, and more private space for everyone. </div></div><div class="jsx-1153375155 container card-group-wrapper"><article class="jsx-1132817740 card card-spotlight"><a href="/research/android-vpn-security/" class="jsx-1132817740"><div class="jsx-1132817740 card-image"><img alt="Android VPN apps in the Play Store" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" style="position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;color:transparent" sizes="(max-width: 767px) 436px, 50vw" srcSet="/_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2024%2F11%2FGoogle-Play-VPN-1180.webp&w=256&q=75 256w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2024%2F11%2FGoogle-Play-VPN-1180.webp&w=320&q=75 320w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2024%2F11%2FGoogle-Play-VPN-1180.webp&w=375&q=75 375w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2024%2F11%2FGoogle-Play-VPN-1180.webp&w=384&q=75 384w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2024%2F11%2FGoogle-Play-VPN-1180.webp&w=768&q=75 768w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2024%2F11%2FGoogle-Play-VPN-1180.webp&w=1024&q=75 1024w" src="/_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2024%2F11%2FGoogle-Play-VPN-1180.webp&w=1024&q=75"/></div><div class="jsx-1132817740 card-content"><span class="jsx-1132817740 spotlight">ON SPOTLIGHT</span><span class="jsx-1132817740 category">VPN Security</span><strong class="jsx-1132817740 heading-3">Analysis of 30 Popular (Paid) Android VPNs</strong><p class="jsx-1132817740">We tested the 30 most popular paid VPNs in the Google Play store with 732 million installs worldwide. Most were good but some had significant security and privacy flaws.</p><time dateTime="2024-11-19T12:01:05.000Z" class="jsx-1132817740">Nov 19, 2024</time></div></a></article><hr class="jsx-1153375155 divider-dashed"/><h2 class="jsx-1153375155 topic-header">VPN Software</h2><div class="jsx-1153375155 topic-description">VPN software has become an increasingly essential tool for people affected by surveillance and internet censorship around the world. However, as its popularity continues to grow, so too does the number of risky VPN services that pose a potential risk to users’ privacy and security. <br> <br> Our VPN research aims to better understand this rapidly-changing industry through investigations into VPN demand, the motivations behind global VPN usage, and the safety of popular free VPN applications. </div><ul class="jsx-307275388 card-group"><li class="jsx-307275388"><article class="jsx-1132817740 card card-single"><a href="/research/vpn-demand-statistics/" class="jsx-1132817740"><div class="jsx-1132817740 card-image"><img alt="VPN Demand Statistics header illustration showing a rise in demand for VPNs to circumvent internet censorship" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" style="position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;color:transparent" sizes="(max-width: 767px) 436px, 33vw" srcSet="/_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2022%2F09%2FVPN-Demand-Surges-Around-The-World2.jpg&w=128&q=75 128w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2022%2F09%2FVPN-Demand-Surges-Around-The-World2.jpg&w=256&q=75 256w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2022%2F09%2FVPN-Demand-Surges-Around-The-World2.jpg&w=320&q=75 320w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2022%2F09%2FVPN-Demand-Surges-Around-The-World2.jpg&w=375&q=75 375w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2022%2F09%2FVPN-Demand-Surges-Around-The-World2.jpg&w=384&q=75 384w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2022%2F09%2FVPN-Demand-Surges-Around-The-World2.jpg&w=768&q=75 768w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2022%2F09%2FVPN-Demand-Surges-Around-The-World2.jpg&w=1024&q=75 1024w" src="/_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2022%2F09%2FVPN-Demand-Surges-Around-The-World2.jpg&w=1024&q=75"/></div><div class="jsx-1132817740 card-content"><span class="jsx-1132817740 category">VPN | Statistics</span><strong class="jsx-1132817740 heading-4">VPN Demand Surges Around the World</strong><p class="jsx-1132817740">This live tracker documents VPN demand spikes around the world and provides context for these increases.</p><time dateTime="2024-12-02 11:52:00" class="jsx-1132817740">Dec 2, 2024</time></div></a></article></li><li class="jsx-307275388"><article class="jsx-1132817740 card card-single"><a href="/research/free-vpn-investigations/android-vpn-security-flaws/" class="jsx-1132817740"><div class="jsx-1132817740 card-image"><img alt="Free Android VPN Security Flaws header illustration" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" style="position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;color:transparent" sizes="(max-width: 767px) 436px, 33vw" srcSet="/_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2024%2F05%2FAndroid-VPN-Security-Flaws-header-1180x800-opt.webp&w=128&q=75 128w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2024%2F05%2FAndroid-VPN-Security-Flaws-header-1180x800-opt.webp&w=256&q=75 256w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2024%2F05%2FAndroid-VPN-Security-Flaws-header-1180x800-opt.webp&w=320&q=75 320w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2024%2F05%2FAndroid-VPN-Security-Flaws-header-1180x800-opt.webp&w=375&q=75 375w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2024%2F05%2FAndroid-VPN-Security-Flaws-header-1180x800-opt.webp&w=384&q=75 384w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2024%2F05%2FAndroid-VPN-Security-Flaws-header-1180x800-opt.webp&w=768&q=75 768w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2024%2F05%2FAndroid-VPN-Security-Flaws-header-1180x800-opt.webp&w=1024&q=75 1024w" src="/_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2024%2F05%2FAndroid-VPN-Security-Flaws-header-1180x800-opt.webp&w=1024&q=75"/></div><div class="jsx-1132817740 card-content"><span class="jsx-1132817740 category">VPN | Free VPNs</span><strong class="jsx-1132817740 heading-4">Free Android VPN Security Flaws: 100 Apps Tested</strong><p class="jsx-1132817740">We tested the 100 most popular free VPN Android apps and found significant security and privacy flaws in the majority of these apps, which have 2.5 billion total installs</p><time dateTime="2024-06-05 11:00:00" class="jsx-1132817740">Jun 5, 2024</time></div></a></article></li><li class="jsx-307275388"><article class="jsx-1132817740 card card-single"><a href="/research/free-vpn-investigations/" class="jsx-1132817740"><div class="jsx-1132817740 card-image"><img alt="Dangers of Free VPN Apps investigation header illustration of a man using a smartphone with large eyes looking over his shoulder" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" style="position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;color:transparent" sizes="(max-width: 767px) 436px, 33vw" srcSet="/_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2019%2F10%2F190924-Illust-Investign-FreeVPN-standard.jpg&w=128&q=75 128w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2019%2F10%2F190924-Illust-Investign-FreeVPN-standard.jpg&w=256&q=75 256w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2019%2F10%2F190924-Illust-Investign-FreeVPN-standard.jpg&w=320&q=75 320w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2019%2F10%2F190924-Illust-Investign-FreeVPN-standard.jpg&w=375&q=75 375w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2019%2F10%2F190924-Illust-Investign-FreeVPN-standard.jpg&w=384&q=75 384w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2019%2F10%2F190924-Illust-Investign-FreeVPN-standard.jpg&w=768&q=75 768w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2019%2F10%2F190924-Illust-Investign-FreeVPN-standard.jpg&w=1024&q=75 1024w" src="/_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2019%2F10%2F190924-Illust-Investign-FreeVPN-standard.jpg&w=1024&q=75"/></div><div class="jsx-1132817740 card-content"><span class="jsx-1132817740 category">VPN | Free VPNs</span><strong class="jsx-1132817740 heading-4">The Dangers of Free VPNs</strong><p class="jsx-1132817740">Find all our investigations into the dangers of free VPN apps in one place. We look at ownership issues, security risks and how operators ignore Apple's privacy rules.</p><time dateTime="2024-06-05 11:09:06" class="jsx-1132817740">Jun 5, 2024</time></div></a></article></li></ul><div class="jsx-1153375155 topic-link"><a href="/research/vpn/" class="jsx-1153375155 button button-secondary mod-slim">See all VPN Research</a></div><hr class="jsx-1153375155 divider-dashed"/><h2 class="jsx-1153375155 topic-header">Internet Censorship</h2><div class="jsx-1153375155 topic-description">Internet outages, disruptions, and other forms of online censorship affect millions of people every year. Withholding access to information not only infringes on citizens’ digital rights, it also has a wider political, social, and economic impact that we explore in these investigations.</div><ul class="jsx-307275388 card-group"><li class="jsx-307275388"><article class="jsx-1132817740 card card-single"><a href="/research/cost-of-internet-shutdowns/" class="jsx-1132817740"><div class="jsx-1132817740 card-image"><img alt="Cost of Internet Shutdowns report header illustration showing the global internet being unplugged" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" style="position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;color:transparent" sizes="(max-width: 767px) 436px, 33vw" srcSet="/_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2024%2F02%2F2023-Cost-of-Internet-Shutdowns-Report_1180x800_opt.jpg&w=128&q=75 128w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2024%2F02%2F2023-Cost-of-Internet-Shutdowns-Report_1180x800_opt.jpg&w=256&q=75 256w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2024%2F02%2F2023-Cost-of-Internet-Shutdowns-Report_1180x800_opt.jpg&w=320&q=75 320w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2024%2F02%2F2023-Cost-of-Internet-Shutdowns-Report_1180x800_opt.jpg&w=375&q=75 375w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2024%2F02%2F2023-Cost-of-Internet-Shutdowns-Report_1180x800_opt.jpg&w=384&q=75 384w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2024%2F02%2F2023-Cost-of-Internet-Shutdowns-Report_1180x800_opt.jpg&w=768&q=75 768w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2024%2F02%2F2023-Cost-of-Internet-Shutdowns-Report_1180x800_opt.jpg&w=1024&q=75 1024w" src="/_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2024%2F02%2F2023-Cost-of-Internet-Shutdowns-Report_1180x800_opt.jpg&w=1024&q=75"/></div><div class="jsx-1132817740 card-content"><span class="jsx-1132817740 category">Censorship | Internet Shutdowns</span><strong class="jsx-1132817740 heading-4">Government Internet Shutdowns Have Cost $53 Billion Since 2019</strong><p class="jsx-1132817740">Our live internet shutdowns index measures the financial consequences in real-time and provides information on previous years' data.</p><time dateTime="2024-05-08 12:31:00" class="jsx-1132817740">May 8, 2024</time></div></a></article></li><li class="jsx-307275388"><article class="jsx-1132817740 card card-single"><a href="/research/websites-blocked-in-russia/" class="jsx-1132817740"><div class="jsx-1132817740 card-image"><img alt="List of Websites Blocked in Russia header illustration showing Russian citizens blocked from accessing websites" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" style="position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;color:transparent" sizes="(max-width: 767px) 436px, 33vw" srcSet="/_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2023%2F11%2Fblocked-in-russia-brand-colours_1180x800.jpg&w=128&q=75 128w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2023%2F11%2Fblocked-in-russia-brand-colours_1180x800.jpg&w=256&q=75 256w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2023%2F11%2Fblocked-in-russia-brand-colours_1180x800.jpg&w=320&q=75 320w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2023%2F11%2Fblocked-in-russia-brand-colours_1180x800.jpg&w=375&q=75 375w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2023%2F11%2Fblocked-in-russia-brand-colours_1180x800.jpg&w=384&q=75 384w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2023%2F11%2Fblocked-in-russia-brand-colours_1180x800.jpg&w=768&q=75 768w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2023%2F11%2Fblocked-in-russia-brand-colours_1180x800.jpg&w=1024&q=75 1024w" src="/_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2023%2F11%2Fblocked-in-russia-brand-colours_1180x800.jpg&w=1024&q=75"/></div><div class="jsx-1132817740 card-content"><span class="jsx-1132817740 category">Censorship | Blocked Websites</span><strong class="jsx-1132817740 heading-4">Websites Blocked in Russia Since February 2022</strong><p class="jsx-1132817740">We are tracking the websites officially blocked in Russia by the authorities since the invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 that relate to the conflict.</p><time dateTime="2024-10-09 08:40:47" class="jsx-1132817740">Oct 9, 2024</time></div></a></article></li><li class="jsx-307275388"><article class="jsx-1132817740 card card-single"><a href="/research/huawei-china-surveillance-state/" class="jsx-1132817740"><div class="jsx-1132817740 card-image"><img alt="China’s Surveillance State: A Global Project header image, a photo of a Chinese flag in front of a minaret and a sign showing surveillance cameras" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" style="position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;color:transparent" sizes="(max-width: 767px) 436px, 33vw" srcSet="/_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2021%2F04%2FMinority-Detection-Hero-Image.jpg&w=128&q=75 128w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2021%2F04%2FMinority-Detection-Hero-Image.jpg&w=256&q=75 256w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2021%2F04%2FMinority-Detection-Hero-Image.jpg&w=320&q=75 320w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2021%2F04%2FMinority-Detection-Hero-Image.jpg&w=375&q=75 375w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2021%2F04%2FMinority-Detection-Hero-Image.jpg&w=384&q=75 384w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2021%2F04%2FMinority-Detection-Hero-Image.jpg&w=768&q=75 768w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2021%2F04%2FMinority-Detection-Hero-Image.jpg&w=1024&q=75 1024w" src="/_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2021%2F04%2FMinority-Detection-Hero-Image.jpg&w=1024&q=75"/></div><div class="jsx-1132817740 card-content"><span class="jsx-1132817740 category">Censorship | Digital Rights</span><strong class="jsx-1132817740 heading-4">China’s Surveillance State: A Global Project</strong><p class="jsx-1132817740"> Researchers Valentin Weber and Vasilis Ververis reveal the global reach of Huawei's tech and the U.S. companies that facilitate China's surveillance state.</p><time dateTime="2021-08-03 14:00:00" class="jsx-1132817740">Aug 3, 2021</time></div></a></article></li></ul><div class="jsx-1153375155 topic-link"><a href="/research/internet-censorship/" class="jsx-1153375155 button button-secondary mod-slim">See all Censorship Research</a></div><hr class="jsx-1153375155 divider-dashed"/><h2 class="jsx-1153375155 topic-header">Internet Security</h2><div class="jsx-1153375155 topic-description">Internet security and online privacy go hand-in-hand. In our security research, we track emerging trends in cybercrime to help consumers avoid common scams and understand the true value of their personal data.</div><ul class="jsx-307275388 card-group"><li class="jsx-307275388"><article class="jsx-1132817740 card card-single"><a href="/research/wifi-vulnerability-ssid/" class="jsx-1132817740"><div class="jsx-1132817740 card-image"><img alt="Header illustration for SSID Confusion WiFi Vulnerability Report" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" style="position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;color:transparent" sizes="(max-width: 767px) 436px, 33vw" srcSet="/_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2024%2F05%2FSSID-Confusion-WiFi-Vulnerability-Hero-1180px-1.webp&w=128&q=75 128w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2024%2F05%2FSSID-Confusion-WiFi-Vulnerability-Hero-1180px-1.webp&w=256&q=75 256w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2024%2F05%2FSSID-Confusion-WiFi-Vulnerability-Hero-1180px-1.webp&w=320&q=75 320w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2024%2F05%2FSSID-Confusion-WiFi-Vulnerability-Hero-1180px-1.webp&w=375&q=75 375w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2024%2F05%2FSSID-Confusion-WiFi-Vulnerability-Hero-1180px-1.webp&w=384&q=75 384w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2024%2F05%2FSSID-Confusion-WiFi-Vulnerability-Hero-1180px-1.webp&w=768&q=75 768w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2024%2F05%2FSSID-Confusion-WiFi-Vulnerability-Hero-1180px-1.webp&w=1024&q=75 1024w" src="/_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2024%2F05%2FSSID-Confusion-WiFi-Vulnerability-Hero-1180px-1.webp&w=1024&q=75"/></div><div class="jsx-1132817740 card-content"><span class="jsx-1132817740 category">Security | Vulnerabilities</span><strong class="jsx-1132817740 heading-4">CVE-2023-52424 WiFi Vulnerability: The SSID Confusion Attack</strong><p class="jsx-1132817740">This vulnerability exploits a design flaw in the WiFi standard, allowing attackers to trick WiFi clients on any operating system into connecting to a untrusted network.</p><time dateTime="2024-05-14 00:00:00" class="jsx-1132817740">May 14, 2024</time></div></a></article></li><li class="jsx-307275388"><article class="jsx-1132817740 card card-single"><a href="/research/wifi-vulnerabilities/" class="jsx-1132817740"><div class="jsx-1132817740 card-image"><img alt="WiFi Vulnerabilities Research Header Image" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" style="position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;color:transparent" sizes="(max-width: 767px) 436px, 33vw" srcSet="/_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2024%2F01%2FWiFi-Vulnerabilities-Research-Header-Image_1180x800.webp&w=128&q=75 128w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2024%2F01%2FWiFi-Vulnerabilities-Research-Header-Image_1180x800.webp&w=256&q=75 256w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2024%2F01%2FWiFi-Vulnerabilities-Research-Header-Image_1180x800.webp&w=320&q=75 320w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2024%2F01%2FWiFi-Vulnerabilities-Research-Header-Image_1180x800.webp&w=375&q=75 375w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2024%2F01%2FWiFi-Vulnerabilities-Research-Header-Image_1180x800.webp&w=384&q=75 384w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2024%2F01%2FWiFi-Vulnerabilities-Research-Header-Image_1180x800.webp&w=768&q=75 768w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2024%2F01%2FWiFi-Vulnerabilities-Research-Header-Image_1180x800.webp&w=1024&q=75 1024w" src="/_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2024%2F01%2FWiFi-Vulnerabilities-Research-Header-Image_1180x800.webp&w=1024&q=75"/></div><div class="jsx-1132817740 card-content"><span class="jsx-1132817740 category">Security | Vulnerabilities</span><strong class="jsx-1132817740 heading-4">New WiFi Authentication Vulnerabilities Discovered</strong><p class="jsx-1132817740">New vulnerabilities in WiFi software allow attackers to trick victims into connecting to malicious networks and join secure networks without needing the password.</p><time dateTime="2024-02-13 09:00:00" class="jsx-1132817740">Feb 13, 2024</time></div></a></article></li><li class="jsx-307275388"><article class="jsx-1132817740 card card-single"><a href="/research/dark-web-prices/" class="jsx-1132817740"><div class="jsx-1132817740 card-image"><img alt="Darknet Market Price Index 2020 Header illustration showing someone accessing the clear web and darknet on a laptop" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" style="position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;color:transparent" sizes="(max-width: 767px) 436px, 33vw" srcSet="/_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2020%2F07%2FDark-Web-Market-Price-Index1180w-x-800h-px2.jpg&w=128&q=75 128w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2020%2F07%2FDark-Web-Market-Price-Index1180w-x-800h-px2.jpg&w=256&q=75 256w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2020%2F07%2FDark-Web-Market-Price-Index1180w-x-800h-px2.jpg&w=320&q=75 320w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2020%2F07%2FDark-Web-Market-Price-Index1180w-x-800h-px2.jpg&w=375&q=75 375w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2020%2F07%2FDark-Web-Market-Price-Index1180w-x-800h-px2.jpg&w=384&q=75 384w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2020%2F07%2FDark-Web-Market-Price-Index1180w-x-800h-px2.jpg&w=768&q=75 768w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2020%2F07%2FDark-Web-Market-Price-Index1180w-x-800h-px2.jpg&w=1024&q=75 1024w" src="/_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2020%2F07%2FDark-Web-Market-Price-Index1180w-x-800h-px2.jpg&w=1024&q=75"/></div><div class="jsx-1132817740 card-content"><span class="jsx-1132817740 category">Security | Dark Web</span><strong class="jsx-1132817740 heading-4">Darknet Market Prices: How Much Is Your Data Worth?</strong><p class="jsx-1132817740">The Index has been tracking the trade in hacked online accounts since 2018. Access all our research in one place and learn how to protect yourself from identity theft.</p><time dateTime="2023-03-01 09:41:56" class="jsx-1132817740">Mar 1, 2023</time></div></a></article></li></ul><div class="jsx-1153375155 topic-link"><a href="/research/security/" class="jsx-1153375155 button button-secondary mod-slim">See all Security Research</a></div><hr class="jsx-1153375155 divider-dashed"/><h2 class="jsx-1153375155 topic-header">Surveillance</h2><div class="jsx-1153375155 topic-description">Surveillance technologies are becoming more pervasive, more invasive, and more sophisticated. Though some of this technology is proportionate and legitimate, some of it drastically threatens citizens’ right to privacy. <br> <br> In these investigations, we explore the rise of surveillance technologies worldwide, along with the companies that power them.</div><ul class="jsx-307275388 card-group"><li class="jsx-307275388"><article class="jsx-1132817740 card card-single"><a href="/research/employee-monitoring-software-privacy/" class="jsx-1132817740"><div class="jsx-1132817740 card-image"><img alt="Employee Monitoring Software Privacy report header illustration of a man working on a latop" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" style="position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;color:transparent" sizes="(max-width: 767px) 436px, 33vw" srcSet="/_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2020%2F06%2FStandard-Image.jpg&w=128&q=75 128w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2020%2F06%2FStandard-Image.jpg&w=256&q=75 256w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2020%2F06%2FStandard-Image.jpg&w=320&q=75 320w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2020%2F06%2FStandard-Image.jpg&w=375&q=75 375w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2020%2F06%2FStandard-Image.jpg&w=384&q=75 384w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2020%2F06%2FStandard-Image.jpg&w=768&q=75 768w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2020%2F06%2FStandard-Image.jpg&w=1024&q=75 1024w" src="/_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2020%2F06%2FStandard-Image.jpg&w=1024&q=75"/></div><div class="jsx-1132817740 card-content"><span class="jsx-1132817740 category">Surveillance | Digital Rights</span><strong class="jsx-1132817740 heading-4">Employee Monitoring Software Demand up 60% since 2019</strong><p class="jsx-1132817740">As millions of people shifted to home working, employers around the world have turned to employee surveillance software to track their employees' productivity. </p><time dateTime="2023-08-08 14:04:34" class="jsx-1132817740">Aug 8, 2023</time></div></a></article></li><li class="jsx-307275388"><article class="jsx-1132817740 card card-single"><a href="/research/health-tracking-apps-privacy/" class="jsx-1132817740"><div class="jsx-1132817740 card-image"><img alt="Photo of a man walking in shadow of surveillance cameras, it's the main image for the "Privacy Tracker: Contact Tracing & Digital Health Certificate Apps" report." loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" style="position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;color:transparent" sizes="(max-width: 767px) 436px, 33vw" srcSet="/_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2020%2F10%2F1180x800-copy.jpg&w=128&q=75 128w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2020%2F10%2F1180x800-copy.jpg&w=256&q=75 256w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2020%2F10%2F1180x800-copy.jpg&w=320&q=75 320w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2020%2F10%2F1180x800-copy.jpg&w=375&q=75 375w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2020%2F10%2F1180x800-copy.jpg&w=384&q=75 384w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2020%2F10%2F1180x800-copy.jpg&w=768&q=75 768w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2020%2F10%2F1180x800-copy.jpg&w=1024&q=75 1024w" src="/_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2020%2F10%2F1180x800-copy.jpg&w=1024&q=75"/></div><div class="jsx-1132817740 card-content"><span class="jsx-1132817740 category">Surveillance | Digital Rights</span><strong class="jsx-1132817740 heading-4">Privacy Tracker: Contact Tracing & Digital Health Certificate Apps</strong><p class="jsx-1132817740">This live tracker documents new initiatives introduced in response to the pandemic that pose a risk to digital rights around the world.</p><time dateTime="2023-11-14 14:43:03" class="jsx-1132817740">Nov 14, 2023</time></div></a></article></li><li class="jsx-307275388"><article class="jsx-1132817740 card card-single"><a href="/research/hikvision-dahua-surveillance-cameras-global-locations/" class="jsx-1132817740"><div class="jsx-1132817740 card-image"><img alt="Photo of Hikvision IP camera in China to illustrate report around cybersecurity and privacy risks of this surveillance technology" loading="lazy" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" style="position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;left:0;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;color:transparent" sizes="(max-width: 767px) 436px, 33vw" srcSet="/_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2020%2F11%2Fhik-hub-view.jpg&w=128&q=75 128w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2020%2F11%2Fhik-hub-view.jpg&w=256&q=75 256w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2020%2F11%2Fhik-hub-view.jpg&w=320&q=75 320w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2020%2F11%2Fhik-hub-view.jpg&w=375&q=75 375w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2020%2F11%2Fhik-hub-view.jpg&w=384&q=75 384w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2020%2F11%2Fhik-hub-view.jpg&w=768&q=75 768w, /_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2020%2F11%2Fhik-hub-view.jpg&w=1024&q=75 1024w" src="/_next/image/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.top10vpn.com%2Fimages%2F2020%2F11%2Fhik-hub-view.jpg&w=1024&q=75"/></div><div class="jsx-1132817740 card-content"><span class="jsx-1132817740 category">Surveillance | Digital Rights</span><strong class="jsx-1132817740 heading-4">Hikvision and Dahua Surveillance Cameras: Global Locations</strong><p class="jsx-1132817740">We identified and mapped 6.3 million surveillance camera networks globally that use hardware from controversial Chinese firms Hikvision and Dahua.</p><time dateTime="2021-11-16 14:20:00" class="jsx-1132817740">Nov 16, 2021</time></div></a></article></li></ul><div class="jsx-1153375155 topic-link"><a href="/research/surveillance/" class="jsx-1153375155 button button-secondary mod-slim">See all Surveillance Research</a></div></div><div class="jsx-1153375155 container"><hr class="jsx-1153375155 divider-end"/></div></main><footer id="footer" data-swiftype-index="false" class="jsx-4062602538 footer"><div class="jsx-4062602538 container-row footer-trio"><div class="jsx-4062602538 footer-company"><div class="jsx-4062602538 logo"><img alt="Top10VPN" loading="lazy" width="184" height="26" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" src="/static/images/logo.svg"/></div><p class="jsx-4062602538">We've been testing and reviewing VPN services since 2016. 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