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wounds</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: infectious wounds"> <meta name="keywords" content="infectious wounds"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="infectious wounds"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 606</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: infectious wounds</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">456</span> Rapid, Direct, Real-Time Method for Bacteria Detection on Surfaces</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Evgenia%20Iakovleva">Evgenia Iakovleva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juha%20Koivisto"> Juha Koivisto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pasi%20Karppinen"> Pasi Karppinen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Inkinen"> J. Inkinen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mikko%20Alava"> Mikko Alava</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Preventing the spread of infectious diseases throughout the worldwide is one of the most important tasks of modern health care. Infectious diseases not only account for one fifth of the deaths in the world, but also cause many pathological complications for the human health. Touch surfaces pose an important vector for the spread of infections by varying microorganisms, including antimicrobial resistant organisms. Further, antimicrobial resistance is reply of bacteria to the overused or inappropriate used of antibiotics everywhere. The biggest challenges in bacterial detection by existing methods are non-direct determination, long time of analysis, the sample preparation, use of chemicals and expensive equipment, and availability of qualified specialists. Therefore, a high-performance, rapid, real-time detection is demanded in rapid practical bacterial detection and to control the epidemiological hazard. Among the known methods for determining bacteria on the surfaces, Hyperspectral methods can be used as direct and rapid methods for microorganism detection on different kind of surfaces based on fluorescence without sampling, sample preparation and chemicals. The aim of this study was to assess the relevance of such systems to remote sensing of surfaces for microorganisms detection to prevent a global spread of infectious diseases. Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli with different concentrations (from 0 to 10x8 cell/100µL) were detected with hyperspectral camera using different filters as visible visualization of bacteria and background spots on the steel plate. A method of internal standards was applied for monitoring the correctness of the analysis results. Distances from sample to hyperspectral camera and light source are 25 cm and 40 cm, respectively. Each sample is optically imaged from the surface by hyperspectral imaging system, utilizing a JAI CM-140GE-UV camera. Light source is BeamZ FLATPAR DMX Tri-light, 3W tri-colour LEDs (red, blue and green). Light colors are changed through DMX USB Pro interface. The developed system was calibrated following a standard procedure of setting exposure and focused for light with λ=525 nm. The filter is ThorLabs KuriousTM hyperspectral filter controller with wavelengths from 420 to 720 nm. All data collection, pro-processing and multivariate analysis was performed using LabVIEW and Python software. The studied human eye visible and invisible bacterial stains clustered apart from a reference steel material by clustering analysis using different light sources and filter wavelengths. The calculation of random and systematic errors of the analysis results proved the applicability of the method in real conditions. Validation experiments have been carried out with photometry and ATP swab-test. The lower detection limit of developed method is several orders of magnitude lower than for both validation methods. All parameters of the experiments were the same, except for the light. Hyperspectral imaging method allows to separate not only bacteria and surfaces, but also different types of bacteria, such as Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis. Developed method allows skipping the sample preparation and the use of chemicals, unlike all other microbiological methods. The time of analysis with novel hyperspectral system is a few seconds, which is innovative in the field of microbiological tests. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Escherichia%20coli" title="Escherichia coli">Escherichia coli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bacillus%20subtilis" title=" Bacillus subtilis"> Bacillus subtilis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hyperspectral%20imaging" title=" hyperspectral imaging"> hyperspectral imaging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microorganisms%20detection" title=" microorganisms detection"> microorganisms detection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107608/rapid-direct-real-time-method-for-bacteria-detection-on-surfaces" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/107608.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">224</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">455</span> Antimycobacterial Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Artemisia absinthium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Hojageldiyev">T. Hojageldiyev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Bolmammedov"> Y. Bolmammedov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Gurbanaliyev"> S. Gurbanaliyev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is known that drugs used in the treatment of tuberculosis show toxic effect to organism especially to liver besides its therapeutic effect. Because of ineffectiveness of drugs used in the treatment regimen of tuberculosis against multidrug resistance (MDR) and extensively drug-resistance (XDR) tuberculosis requires the development of new treatment methods and new, novel drugs. Considering the usage of Artemisia absinthium in traditional medicine in treatment of wounds which suggests its antibacterial activity it seems that, also it may have significant antimycobacterial activity. The objective of present study was to evaluate antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of A. absinthium against M. tuberculosis. In this study, the effect of ethanolic extract of A. absinthium was tested against tuberculosis and pharmaco-toxicological properties evaluated on laboratory animals. The 20%, 40%, 70% and 96% ethanolic extracts of A. absinthium prepared then its bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities were evaluated by validated methods. Data were analyzed by GraphPad Prism 7.0 at the level P < 0.05. Results showed that ethanolic extracts of A. absinthium show no toxicological properties with having high LD50. All concentrations of extract show high bacteriostatic activity on M. tuberculosis. 96% ethanolic extract has highest bactericidal effect among other concentrations. By conducting further studies, as a result of our study, antimycobacterial drug can be prepared from A. absinthium. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Artemisia%20absinthium" title="Artemisia absinthium">Artemisia absinthium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antimycobacterial" title=" antimycobacterial"> antimycobacterial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethanolic%20extract" title=" ethanolic extract"> ethanolic extract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mycobacteria%20tuberculosis" title=" Mycobacteria tuberculosis"> Mycobacteria tuberculosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99711/antimycobacterial-activity-of-ethanolic-extract-of-artemisia-absinthium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99711.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">292</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">454</span> Assessment of Interior Environmental Quality and Airborne Infectious Risk in a Commuter Bus Cabin by Using Computational Fluid Dynamics with Computer Simulated Person</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yutaro%20Kyuma">Yutaro Kyuma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung-Jun%20Yoo"> Sung-Jun Yoo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazuhide%20Ito"> Kazuhide Ito</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A commuter bus remains important as a means to network public transportation between railway stations and terminals within cities. In some cases, the boarding time becomes longer, and the boarding rate tends to be higher corresponding to the development of urban cities. The interior environmental quality, e.g. temperature and air quality, in a commuter bus is relatively heterogeneous and complex compared to that of an indoor environment in buildings due to several factors: solar radiative heat – which comes from large-area windows –, inadequate ventilation rate caused by high density of commuters, and metabolic heat generation from travelers themselves. In addition to this, under conditions where many passengers ride in the enclosed space, contact and airborne infectious risk have attracted considerable attention in terms of public health. From this point of view, it is essential to develop the prediction method for assessment of interior environmental quality and infection risk in commuter bus cabins. In this study, we developed a numerical commuter bus model integrated with computer simulated persons to reproduce realistic indoor environment conditions with high occupancy during commuting. Here, computer simulated persons were newly designed considering different types of geometries, e.g., standing position, seating position, and individual differences. Here we conducted coupled computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis with radiative heat transfer analysis under steady state condition. Distributions of heterogeneous air flow patterns, temperature, and moisture surrounding the human body under some different ventilation system were analyzed by using CFD technique, and skin surface temperature distributions were analyzed using thermoregulation model that integrated into computer simulated person. Through these analyses, we discussed the interior environmental quality in specific commuter bus cabins. Further, inhaled air quality of each passenger was also analyzed. This study may have possibility to design the ventilation system in bus for improving thermal comfort of occupants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20fluid%20dynamics" title="computational fluid dynamics">computational fluid dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20simulated%20person" title=" computer simulated person"> computer simulated person</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CSP" title=" CSP"> CSP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contaminant" title=" contaminant"> contaminant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20environment" title=" indoor environment"> indoor environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20health" title=" public health"> public health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ventilation" title=" ventilation"> ventilation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92121/assessment-of-interior-environmental-quality-and-airborne-infectious-risk-in-a-commuter-bus-cabin-by-using-computational-fluid-dynamics-with-computer-simulated-person" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92121.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">251</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">453</span> Identification of Active Phytocomponents in the Ethyl Acetate Extract of Glycosmis pentaphylla Retz. DC by Using GC-MS</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sivakumar">M. Sivakumar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Chamundeeswari"> D. Chamundeeswari </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> <em>Glycosmis pentaphylla</em> is one of the medicinally important plants belonging to the family <em>Rutaceae</em>, commonly known as “Anam or Panal” in Tamil. Traditionally, leaves are useful in fever, hepatopathy, eczema, skin disease, helminthiasis, wounds, and erysipelas. The fruits are sweet and are useful in vitiated conditions of vata, kapha, cough, and bronchitis. The roots are good for facial inflammations, rheumatism, jaundice, and anemia. The preliminary phytochemical investigations indicated the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, sugar, glycoside, and phenolic compounds. In the present study, the root part of <em>Glycosmis pentaphylla</em> was used, and the root was collected from Western Ghats of South India. The root was sun/shade dried and pulverized to powder in a mechanical grinder. The powder was successively extracted with various solvents, and the ethyl acetate extract of <em>Glycosmis pentaphylla</em> has been subjected to the GC-MS analysis. Amongst the 46 chemical constituents identified from this plant, three major phytoconstituents were reported for the first time. Marmesin, a furanocumarin compound with the chemical structure 7H-Furo (3,2-G) (1)Benzopyran-7-one,2,3–dihydro–2 - (1-Hydroxy-1methylethyl)-(s) is one of the three compounds identified for the first time at the concentration of 11-60% in ethyl acetate extract of <em>Glycosmis pentaphylla</em>. Others include, Beta.-Fagarine (4.71%) and Paverine (13.08%). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethyl%20acetate%20extract" title="ethyl acetate extract">ethyl acetate extract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Glycosmis%20pentaphylla" title=" Glycosmis pentaphylla"> Glycosmis pentaphylla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GC-MS%20analysis" title=" GC-MS analysis"> GC-MS analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phytochemicals" title=" Phytochemicals"> Phytochemicals</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51408/identification-of-active-phytocomponents-in-the-ethyl-acetate-extract-of-glycosmis-pentaphylla-retz-dc-by-using-gc-ms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51408.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">300</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">452</span> Quantitative Evaluation of Diabetic Foot Wound Healing Using Hydrogel Nanosilver Based Dressing vs. Traditional Dressing: A Prospective Randomized Control Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ehsan%20A.%20Yahia">Ehsan A. Yahia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayman%20E.%20El-Sharkawey"> Ayman E. El-Sharkawey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Magda%20M.%20Bayoumi"> Magda M. Bayoumi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Wound dressings perform a crucial role in cutaneous wound management due to their ability to protect wounds and promote dermal and epidermal tissue regeneration. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of using hydrogel/nano silver-based dressing vs. traditional dressing on diabetic foot wound healing. Methods: Sixty patients with type-2 diabetes hospitalized for diabetic foot wound treatment were recruited from selected Surgical departments. A prospective randomized control study was carried. Results: The results showed that the percentage of a reduction rate of the ulcer by the third week of the treatment in the hydrogel/nano silver-based dressing group was higher (15.11%) than in the traditional wound dressing group (33.44%). Moreover, the mean ulcer size "sq mm" in the hydrogel/nano silver-based dressing group recognized a faster healing rate (15.11±7.89) and considerably lesser in comparison to the traditional in the third week (21.65±8.4). Conclusion: The hydrogel/nanosilver-based dressing showed better results than traditional dressing in managing diabetic ulcer foot. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetes" title="diabetes">diabetes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wound%20care" title=" wound care"> wound care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetic%20foot" title=" diabetic foot"> diabetic foot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wound%20dressing" title=" wound dressing"> wound dressing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogel%20nanosilver" title=" hydrogel nanosilver"> hydrogel nanosilver</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152560/quantitative-evaluation-of-diabetic-foot-wound-healing-using-hydrogel-nanosilver-based-dressing-vs-traditional-dressing-a-prospective-randomized-control-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152560.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">113</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">451</span> Redefining Ostracism in Soundararajan’s Trauma of Caste</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pooja%20Kamble">Pooja Kamble</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study discusses the traumatic circumstances in which the Dalits, who are on the lower rungs of society, endured in all social, political, cultural, and economic aspects. Trauma appears to be employed as a catch-all term in Psychoanalytic literature to describe anything that produces psychological distress. They have suffered for ages, yet there is still no witness to end their existence. Dalits who have suffered at the hands of the upper caste or Brahmins have had a lasting impact on their mentality in this caste system. The trauma of caste is a psychoanalytic method for studying the mental state, nature, and existence of Dalits in society. It also provides a little overview of how this experience evolved the mental wounds that were left undetected. The anguish of horrible harassment and repressive treatment faced by countless generations of souls was difficult to put into words. This article highlights some of the phases that must be understood and concentrated on, as well as the traumatic environment in which they lived for several years. After acquiring recognition and political support, it is proposed to eliminate its existence. Even after relocating to independent India, we were unable to delve further into its origins. Independence itself speaks of freedom in all aspects, yet Dalits continue to be suppressed; they have failed to win freedom for their existence, despite their lengthy struggle against oppression. This article will help you comprehend the Dalit's emotional trauma that has made their life and battles more difficult to deal with, as systematically analyzed by Thenmozhi Soundararajan in the work The Trauma of Caste. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trauma" title="trauma">trauma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychoanalytic" title=" psychoanalytic"> psychoanalytic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dalits" title=" dalits"> dalits</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=caste" title=" caste"> caste</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194167/redefining-ostracism-in-soundararajans-trauma-of-caste" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194167.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">10</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">450</span> Management of Urinary Tract Infections by Nurse Practitioners in a Canadian Pediatric Emergency Department: A Rretrospective Cohort Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=T.%20Mcgraw">T. Mcgraw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20N.%20Morin"> F. N. Morin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Desai"> N. Desai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a critical issue in global health care and a significant contributor to increased patient morbidity and mortality. Suspected urinary tract infection (UTI) is a key area of inappropriate antibiotic prescription in pediatrics. Management patterns of infectious diseases have been shown to vary by provider type within a single setting. The aim of this study was to assess compliance with national UTI management guidelines by nurse practitioners in a pediatric emergency department (ED). Methods: This was a post-hoc analysis of a retrospective cohort study to review and evaluate visits to a tertiary care freestanding pediatric emergency department. Patients were included if they were 60 days to 36 months old and discharged with a diagnosis of UTI or ‘rule-out UTI’ between July 2015 and July 2020. Primary outcome measure was proportion of visits seen by Nurse Practitioners (NP) which were associated with national guideline compliance in the diagnosis and treatment of suspected UTI. We performed descriptive statistics and comparative analyses to determine differences in practice patterns between NPs, and physicians. Results: A total of 636 charts were reviewed, of which 402 patients met inclusion criteria. 17 patients were treated by NPs, 385 were treated by either Pediatric Emergency Medicine physicians (PEM) or non-PEM physicians. Overall, the proportion of infants receiving guideline-compliant care was 25.9% (21.8-30.4%). Of those who were prescribed antibiotics, 79.6% (74.7-83.8%) received first line guideline recommended therapy and 58.9% (53.8-63.8%) received fully compliant therapy with respect to age, dose, duration, and frequency. In patients treated by NPs, 16/17 (94%(95% CI:73.0-99.0)) required antibiotics, 15/16 (93%(95% CI: 71.7-98.9)) were treated with first line agent (cephalexin), 8/16 (50%(95% CI:28-72)) were guideline compliant of dose and duration. 5/8 (63%(95% CI:30.6-86.3)) were noncompliant for dose being too high. There was no difference in receiving guideline compliant empiric antibiotic therapy between physicians and nurse practitioners (OR: 0.837 CI: 0.302-2.69). Conclusion: In this post-hoc analysis, guideline noncompliance by nurse practitioners is common in children tested and treated for UTIs in a pediatric emergency department. Care by a Nurse Practitioner was not associated with greater rate of noncompliance than care by a Pediatric Emergency Medicine physician. Future appropriately powered studies may focus on confirming these results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibiotic%20stewardship" title="antibiotic stewardship">antibiotic stewardship</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infectious%20disease" title=" infectious disease"> infectious disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nurse%20practitioner" title=" nurse practitioner"> nurse practitioner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urinary%20tract%20infection" title=" urinary tract infection"> urinary tract infection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155121/management-of-urinary-tract-infections-by-nurse-practitioners-in-a-canadian-pediatric-emergency-department-a-rretrospective-cohort-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155121.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">104</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">449</span> Changes of pH and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Growth in Liquid Media</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sayaka%20Ono">Sayaka Ono</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ryutaro%20Imai"> Ryutaro Imai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomoko%20Ehara"> Tomoko Ehara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tetsuya%20Matsumoto"> Tetsuya Matsumoto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hajime%20Matsumura"> Hajime Matsumura</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Wound pH affects a number of important factors in wound healing. We previously measured the pH value of the exudates collected from second-degree burns and found that the increase in pH was observed in the burn wounds in which colonized by Staphylococcus spp., and the increase in pH was evident prior to the clinical findings of local infection. To investigate the relationship between the changes of pH value and bacterial growth, we performed in vitro study using Pseudomonas aeruginosa and liquid medium as a locally infected wound equivalent model. Methods: Pseudomonas aeruginosa standard strain (ATCCR 10145TM) was cultured at 37 °C environment in Luria Broth Miller medium. The absorbance rate which means the amount of bacteria was measured by a microplate reader 2300EnSpireTM). The pH was measured using pH-indicator strips (MColorpHastTM). The statistical analysis was performed using the product-moment correlation coefficient of Pearson's. Results: The absorbance rate and pH value were increased along with culture period. There was a positive correlation between pH value and absorbance rate (n = 27, Pearson's r = 0.985). Moreover, there was a positive correlation between pH value and the culture period (n = 18, Pearson's r = 0.901). The bacteria was well growth in the media from pH 6.6 to pH 8.0 and the pH of culture media converged at 8 -9 along with the bacterial growth. Conclusion: From these results, we conclude that pH value of the wound is correlated with the number of viable bacteria and bacterial growth periods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=colonization" title="colonization">colonization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=potential%20of%20hydrogen" title=" potential of hydrogen"> potential of hydrogen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pseudomonas%20aeruginosa" title=" Pseudomonas aeruginosa"> Pseudomonas aeruginosa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wound" title=" wound"> wound</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59243/changes-of-ph-and-pseudomonas-aeruginosa-growth-in-liquid-media" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59243.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">279</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">448</span> Antifungal Susceptibility of Yeasts Isolated from Clinical Samples from a Tertiary Hospital from State of Puebla</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ricardo%20Munguia-Perez">Ricardo Munguia-Perez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nayeli%20Remigio-Alvarado"> Nayeli Remigio-Alvarado</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.Miriam%20Hernandez-Arroyo"> M.Miriam Hernandez-Arroyo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elsa%20Casta%C3%B1eda-Roldan"> Elsa Castañeda-Roldan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fungi have emerged as important pathogens causing morbidity and mortality mainly in immunosuppressed, malnourished and elderly patients. It has detected an increase in resistance to azoles primarily to fluconazol. The fungal infections have become a problem of public health for the resistance to antifungal agents, they have developed new antifungals with broad-spectrum. The aim of this study was determine the antifungal susceptibility of yeasts isolated from clinical samples (respiratory secretions, exudates, wounds, blood cultures, urine cultures) obtained from inpatients and outpatients of a tertiary hospital from State of Puebla. The antifungal susceptibility of the yeast from several clinical samples were determined by the CLS M44-A disk diffusion methods. 149 samples of yeast were analyzed. All species were 100% susceptible to nystatin and amphotericin B. Candida albicans showed resistance of 95.5 % to fluconazole, 50.7 % to 5-flurocytosine and 55.2 % intermediate susceptibility to ketoconazole. Candida glabrata 81.3 % was susceptibility to ketoconazole and 75 % to fluconazole, for the case of 5-flurocytosine the 56.3 % was susceptible. Candida krusei 100 % was susceptible to ketoconazole, 50 % to fluconazole and 37.5 % to 5-flurocytosine. The internal medicine have greater diversity of yeast, the samples have susceptibility of 64.7% to ketoconazole, 47.1 % to fluconazole and 27.5 % to 5-flurocytosine. Hospitalized patients are more resistant to fluconazole and nystatin, but in the case of outpatients presents resistance to ketoconazole. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antifungal" title="antifungal">antifungal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=susceptibility" title=" susceptibility"> susceptibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=yeast" title=" yeast"> yeast</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clinical%20samples" title=" clinical samples"> clinical samples</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59752/antifungal-susceptibility-of-yeasts-isolated-from-clinical-samples-from-a-tertiary-hospital-from-state-of-puebla" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59752.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">447</span> Study and Analysis of a Susceptible Infective Susceptible Mathematical Model with Density Dependent Migration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jitendra%20Singh">Jitendra Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vivek%20Kumar"> Vivek Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a susceptible infective susceptible mathematical model is proposed and analyzed where the migration of human population is given by migration function. It is assumed that the disease is transmitted by direct contact of susceptible and infective populations with constant contact rate. The equilibria and their stability are studied by using the stability theory of ordinary differential equations and computer simulation. The model analysis shows that the spread of infectious disease increases when human population immigration increases in the habitat but it decreases if emigration increases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SIS%20%28Susceptible%20Infective%20Susceptible%29%20model" title="SIS (Susceptible Infective Susceptible) model">SIS (Susceptible Infective Susceptible) model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=migration%20function" title=" migration function"> migration function</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=susceptible" title=" susceptible"> susceptible</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stability" title=" stability"> stability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77503/study-and-analysis-of-a-susceptible-infective-susceptible-mathematical-model-with-density-dependent-migration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77503.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">261</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">446</span> Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Swimming Pool Hygiene and Assessment of Microbial Contamination in Educational Institution in Selangor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zarini%20Ismail">Zarini Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mas%20Ayu%20Arina%20Mohd%20Anuwar"> Mas Ayu Arina Mohd Anuwar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ling%20Chai%20Ying"> Ling Chai Ying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tengku%20Zetty%20Maztura%20Tengku%20Jamaluddin"> Tengku Zetty Maztura Tengku Jamaluddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurul%20Azmawati%20Mohamed"> Nurul Azmawati Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadeeya%20Ayn%20Umaisara%20Mohamad%20Nor"> Nadeeya Ayn Umaisara Mohamad Nor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The transmission of infectious diseases can occur anywhere, including in the swimming pools. A large number of swimmers turnover and poor hygienic behaviours will increase the occurrence of direct and indirect water contamination. A wide variety of infections such as the gastrointestinal illnesses, skin rash, eye infections, ear infections and respiratory illnesses had been reported following the exposure to the contaminated water. Understanding the importance of pool hygiene with a healthy practice will reduce the risk of infection. The aims of the study are to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practices on pool hygiene among swimming pool users and to determine the microbial contaminants in swimming pools. A cross-sectional study was conducted using self-administered questionnaires to 600 swimming pool users from four swimming pools belong to the three educational institutions in Selangor. Data was analyzed using SPSS Statistics version 22.0 for Windows. The knowledge, attitude and practice of the study participants were analyzed using the sum score based on Bloom’s cut-off point (80%). Having a score above the cut-off point was classified as having high levels of knowledge, positive attitude and good practice. The association between socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge and attitude with practice on pool hygiene was determined by Chi-Square test. The physicochemical parameters and the microbial contamination were determined using a standard method for examination of waste and wastewater. Of the 600 respondents, 465 (77.5%) were females with the mean age of 21 years old. Most of the respondents are the students (98.8%) which belong to the three educational institutions in Selangor. Overall, the majority of the respondents (89.2%) had low knowledge on pool hygiene, but had positive attitudes (91.3%). Whereas only half of the respondents (50%) practice good hygiene while using the swimming pools. There was a significant association between practice level on pool hygiene with knowledge (p < 0.001) and also the attitude (p < 0.001). The measurements of the physicochemical parameters showed that all 4 swimming pools had low levels of pH and two had low levels of free chlorine. However, all the water samples tested were negative for Escherichia coli. The findings of this study suggested that high knowledge and positive attitude towards pool hygiene ensure a good practice among swimming pool users. Thus, it is recommended that educational interventions should be given to the swimming pool users to increase their knowledge regarding the pool hygiene and this will prevent the unnecessary outbreak of infectious diseases related to swimming pool. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attitude" title="attitude">attitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge" title=" knowledge"> knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pool%20hygiene" title=" pool hygiene"> pool hygiene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=practice" title=" practice"> practice</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67187/knowledge-attitude-and-practice-on-swimming-pool-hygiene-and-assessment-of-microbial-contamination-in-educational-institution-in-selangor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67187.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">298</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">445</span> Enzyme Inhibition Activity of Schiff Bases Against Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Using Molecular Docking</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imran%20Muhammad">Imran Muhammad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main cause of infectious disease in the modern world is Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MT). To combat tuberculosis, new and efficient drugs are an urgent need in the modern world. Schif bases are potent for their biological pharmacophore activity. Thus we selected different Vanillin-based Schiff bases for their binding activity against target enzymes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that is (DprE1 (decaprenyl phosphoryl-β-D-ribose 2′-epimerase), and DNA gyrase subunit-A), using molecular docking. We evaluate the inhibition potential, interaction, and binding mode of these compounds with the target enzymes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=schiff%20bases" title="schiff bases">schiff bases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tuberculosis" title=" tuberculosis"> tuberculosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DNA%20gyrase" title=" DNA gyrase"> DNA gyrase</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DprE1" title=" DprE1"> DprE1</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=docking" title=" docking"> docking</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168664/enzyme-inhibition-activity-of-schiff-bases-against-mycobacterium-tuberculosis-using-molecular-docking" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168664.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">444</span> Impact of Pandemics on Cities and Societies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deepak%20Jugran">Deepak Jugran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify how past Pandemics shaped social evolution and cities. Methodology: A historical and comparative analysis of major historical pandemics in human history their origin, transmission route, biological response and the aftereffects. A Comprehensive pre & post pandemic scenario and focuses selectively on major issues and pandemics that have deepest & lasting impact on society with available secondary data. Results: Past pandemics shaped the behavior of human societies and their cities and made them more resilient biologically, intellectually & socially endorsing the theory of “Survival of the fittest” by Sir Charles Darwin. Pandemics & Infectious diseases are here to stay and as a human society, we need to strengthen our collective response & preparedness besides evolving mechanisms for strict controls on inter-continental movements of people, & especially animals who become carriers for these viruses. Conclusion: Pandemics always resulted in great mortality, but they also improved the overall individual human immunology & collective social response; at the same time, they also improved the public health system of cities, health delivery systems, water, sewage distribution system, institutionalized various welfare reforms and overall collective social response by the societies. It made human beings more resilient biologically, intellectually, and socially hence endorsing the theory of “AGIL” by Prof Talcott Parsons. Pandemics & infectious diseases are here to stay and as humans, we need to strengthen our city response & preparedness besides evolving mechanisms for strict controls on inter-continental movements of people, especially animals who always acted as carriers for these novel viruses. Pandemics over the years acted like natural storms, mitigated the prevailing social imbalances and laid the foundation for scientific discoveries. We understand that post-Covid-19, institutionalized city, state and national mechanisms will get strengthened and the recommendations issued by the various expert groups which were ignored earlier will now be implemented for reliable anticipation, better preparedness & help to minimize the impact of Pandemics. Our analysis does not intend to present chronological findings of pandemics but rather focuses selectively on major pandemics in history, their causes and how they wiped out an entire city’s population and influenced the societies, their behavior and facilitated social evolution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pandemics" title="pandemics">pandemics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Covid-19" title=" Covid-19"> Covid-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20evolution" title=" social evolution"> social evolution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cities" title=" cities"> cities</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153322/impact-of-pandemics-on-cities-and-societies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153322.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">112</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">443</span> Detection of Chaos in General Parametric Model of Infectious Disease</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javad%20Khaligh">Javad Khaligh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aghileh%20Heydari"> Aghileh Heydari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Akbar%20Heydari"> Ali Akbar Heydari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mathematical epidemiological models for the spread of disease through a population are used to predict the prevalence of a disease or to study the impacts of treatment or prevention measures. Initial conditions for these models are measured from statistical data collected from a population since these initial conditions can never be exact, the presence of chaos in mathematical models has serious implications for the accuracy of the models as well as how epidemiologists interpret their findings. This paper confirms the chaotic behavior of a model for dengue fever and SI by investigating sensitive dependence, bifurcation, and 0-1 test under a variety of initial conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epidemiological%20models" title="epidemiological models">epidemiological models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEIR%20disease%20model" title=" SEIR disease model"> SEIR disease model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bifurcation" title=" bifurcation"> bifurcation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chaotic%20behavior" title=" chaotic behavior"> chaotic behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=0-1%20test" title=" 0-1 test"> 0-1 test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30790/detection-of-chaos-in-general-parametric-model-of-infectious-disease" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30790.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">325</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">442</span> Topical Negative Pressure for Autologous Fat Grafting in Breast Augmentation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Eftal%20Bin%20Mohamed%20Ebrahim">Mohamed Eftal Bin Mohamed Ebrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20Varey"> Alexander Varey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aim: Topical negative pressure has been shown to enhance angiogenesis during wound healing, both for open and closed wounds. Since angiogenesis is a key requirement for successful fat grafting, there may be a role for topical negative pressure as a means of enhancing the take rate during autologous fat grafting to breasts. Here we present a systematic review of the literature on this topic. Methods: Ovid and Embase were utilized, with searches ranging between 1960 – 2019. Terms (“Liposculpting” OR “Fat grafting” OR “Lipofilling” OR “Lipograft” OR “Fat transfer”) AND (“Negative Pressure” OR “Brava” OR “Kiwi”) AND (“Breast”) were merged as keywords. Inclusion criteria were females, autologous fat graft to breast with topical negative pressure prior to the procedure. Studies were excluded if there was no primary endpoint or non-original article. Results: Upon reviewing 219 articles, 2 met inclusion criteria. A total of 565 and 46 breasts in each article were treated respectively using the negative pressure device BRAVA®, with each cohort having different pre-and post-operative pressure settings. Khouri et al. cohort had higher graft survival (79%) compared to Del Vecchio et al. cohort (64%); however, the latter had fewer complications compared to Khouri’s cohort, e.g., fat necrosis, pneumothorax and infection. Conclusion: There is limited evidence regarding the use of topical negative pressure for fat grafting to the breasts. However, in the two studies published, the reported rates of success are high, suggesting there may be a benefit. Consequently, a randomized controlled trial on this area is required. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fat%20grafting" title="fat grafting">fat grafting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipograft" title=" lipograft"> lipograft</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=negative%20pressure" title=" negative pressure"> negative pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast" title=" breast"> breast</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breast%20augmentation" title=" breast augmentation"> breast augmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brava" title=" brava"> brava</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140958/topical-negative-pressure-for-autologous-fat-grafting-in-breast-augmentation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140958.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">192</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">441</span> Public Behavior When Encountered with a Road Traffic Accident</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20N.%20S.%20Silva">H. N. S. Silva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20N.%20Silva"> S. N. Silva</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: The latest WHO data published in 2014 states that Sri Lanka has reached 2,773 of total deaths and over 14000 individuals’ sustained injuries due to RTAs each year. It was noticed in previous studies that policemen, three wheel drivers and also pedestrians were the first to respond to RTAs but the victim’s condition was aggravated due to unskilled attempts made by the responders while management of the victim’s wounds, moving and positioning of the victims and also mainly while transportation of the victims. Objective: To observe the practices of the urban public in Sri Lanka who are encountered with RTAs. Methods: A qualitative study was done to analyze public behavior seen on video recordings of scenes of accidents purposefully selected from social media, news websites, YouTube and Google. Results: The results showed that all individuals who tried to help during the RTA were middle aged men, who were mainly pedestrians, motorcyclists and policemen during that moment. Vast majority were very keen to actively help the victims to get to hospital as soon as possible and actively participated in providing 'aid'. But main problem was the first aid attempts were disorganized and uncoordinated. Even though all individuals knew how to control external bleeding, none of them was aware of spinal prevention techniques or management of limb injuries. Most of the transportation methods and transfer techniques used were inappropriate and more injury prone. Conclusions: The public actively engages in providing aid despite their inappropriate practices in giving first aid. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=encountered" title="encountered">encountered</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pedestrians" title=" pedestrians"> pedestrians</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20traffic%20accidents" title=" road traffic accidents"> road traffic accidents</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20public" title=" urban public"> urban public</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43952/public-behavior-when-encountered-with-a-road-traffic-accident" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43952.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">286</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">440</span> Statistical Analysis of Interferon-γ for the Effectiveness of an Anti-Tuberculous Treatment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shishen%20Xie">Shishen Xie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yingda%20L.%20Xie"> Yingda L. Xie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially serious infectious disease that remains a health concern. The Interferon Gamma Release Assay (IGRA) is a blood test to find out if an individual is tuberculous positive or negative. This study applies statistical analysis to the clinical data of interferon-gamma levels of seventy-three subjects who diagnosed pulmonary TB in an anti-tuberculous treatment. Data analysis is performed to determine if there is a significant decline in interferon-gamma levels for the subjects during a period of six months, and to infer if the anti-tuberculous treatment is effective. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20analysis" title="data analysis">data analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interferon%20gamma%20release%20assay" title=" interferon gamma release assay"> interferon gamma release assay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=statistical%20methods" title=" statistical methods"> statistical methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tuberculosis%20infection" title=" tuberculosis infection"> tuberculosis infection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49709/statistical-analysis-of-interferon-gh-for-the-effectiveness-of-an-anti-tuberculous-treatment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49709.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">306</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">439</span> Development of selective human matrix metalloproteinases-9 (hMMP-9) inhibitors as potent diabetic wound healing agents</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geetakshi%20Arora">Geetakshi Arora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Danish%20Malhotra"> Danish Malhotra</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Diabetic wounds are serious health issues and often fail to heal, leading to limb amputation that makes the life of the patient miserable. Delayed wound healing has been characterized by an increase in matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Thus research throughout the world has been going on to develop selective MMP-9 inhibitors for aiding diabetic wound healing. Bioactive constituents from natural sources always served as potential leads in drug development with high rates of success. Considering the need for novel selective MMP-9 inhibitors and the importance of natural bioactive compounds in drug development, we have screened a library of bioactive constituents from plant sources that were effective in diabetic wound healing on human MMP-9 (hMMP-9) using molecular docking studies. Screened constituents are ranked according to their dock score, ∆G value (binding affinity), and Ligand efficiency evaluated from FleXX docking and Hyde scoring modules available with drug designing platform LeadIT. Rhamnocitrin showed the highest correlation between dock score, ∆G value (binding affinity), and Ligand efficiency was further explored for binding interactions with hMMP-9. The overall study suggest that Rhamnocitrin is sufficiently decorated with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic substitutions that perfectly block hMMP-9 and act as a potential lead in the design and development of selective hMMP-9 inhibitors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MMP-9" title="MMP-9">MMP-9</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diabetic%20wound" title=" diabetic wound"> diabetic wound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20docking" title=" molecular docking"> molecular docking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phytoconstituents" title=" phytoconstituents"> phytoconstituents</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155307/development-of-selective-human-matrix-metalloproteinases-9-hmmp-9-inhibitors-as-potent-diabetic-wound-healing-agents" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155307.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">438</span> Immunoglobulin G Glycosylation Profile in Influenza and COVID-19 Infected Patients</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marina%20Kljakovi%C4%87-Ga%C5%A1pi%C4%87%20Batinjan">Marina Kljaković-Gašpić Batinjan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tea%20Petrovi%C4%87"> Tea Petrović</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Frano%20Vu%C4%8Dkovi%C4%87"> Frano Vučković</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irzal%20Had%C5%BEibegovi%C4%87"> Irzal Hadžibegović</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Barbara%20Radovani"> Barbara Radovani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivana%20Jurin"> Ivana Jurin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lovorka%20%C4%90erek"> Lovorka Đerek</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eva%20Huljev"> Eva Huljev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alemka%20Markoti%C4%87"> Alemka Markotić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivica%20Luk%C5%A1i%C4%87"> Ivica Lukšić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irena%20Trbojevi%C4%87-Akma%C4%8Di%C4%87"> Irena Trbojević-Akmačić</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gordan%20Lauc"> Gordan Lauc</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivan%20Gudelj"> Ivan Gudelj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rok%20%C4%8Civljak"> Rok Čivljak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Immunoglobulin G has essential role in defense against infectious diseases, but its role cannot be fully recognized without understanding of changes in its N-glycans attached to the Fc domain. We analyzed and compared total IgG glycome in plasma samples of patients with influenza, patients with COVID-19 and healthy controls. We found similarities in IgG glycosylation changes in COVID-19 survivors and influenza patients that could be the consequence of adequate immune response to enveloped viruses, while observed changes in deceased COVID-19 patients may indicate its deviation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glycosylation" title=" glycosylation"> glycosylation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=immunoglobulin%20G" title=" immunoglobulin G"> immunoglobulin G</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=influenza" title=" influenza"> influenza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pneumonia" title=" pneumonia"> pneumonia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viral%20infection" title=" viral infection"> viral infection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149119/immunoglobulin-g-glycosylation-profile-in-influenza-and-covid-19-infected-patients" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149119.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">437</span> Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (Dress) Syndrome Presenting as Multi-Organ Failure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keshari%20Shrestha">Keshari Shrestha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Philip%20Vatterott"> Philip Vatterott</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a rare and potentially fatal drug-related syndrome. DRESS classically presents with a diffuse maculopapular rash, fevers, and eosinophilia more than three weeks after drug exposure. DRESS can present with multi-organ involvement, with liver damage being the most common and severe. Pulmonary involvement is a less common manifestation and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Chest imaging is often nonspecific, and symptoms can range from mild cough to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) . This is a case of a 49-year-old female with a history of recent clostridium difficile colitis status post treatment with oral vancomycin who presented with rash, acute liver and kidney failure, as well as diffuse nodular alveolar lung opacities concerning for DRESS syndrome with multi-organ involvement. Clinical Course: This patient initially presented to an outside hospital with clostridium difficile colitis, acute liver injury, and acute kidney injury. She developed a desquamating maculopapular rash in the setting of recent oral vancomycin, meloxicam, and furosemide initiation. She was hospitalized on two additional occasions with worsening altered mental status, liver injury, and acute kidney injury and was initiated on intermittent hemodialysis. Notably, she was found to have systemic eosinophilia (4100 cells/microliter) several weeks prior. She was transferred to this institution for further management where she was found to have encephalopathy, jaundice, lower extremity edema, and diffuse bilateral rhonchorous breath sounds on pulmonary examination. The patient was started on methylprednisolone for suspected DRESS syndrome. She underwent an evaluation for alternative causes of her organ failure. Her workup included a negative infectious, autoimmune, metabolic, toxic, and malignant work-up. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound were remarkable for evidence of hepatic steatosis and possible cirrhotic morphology. Additionally, a chest CT demonstrated diffuse and symmetric nodular alveolar lung opacities with peripheral sparing not consistent with acute respiratory distress syndrome or edema. Ultimately, her condition continued to decline, and she required intubation on several occasions. On hospital day 25 she succumbed to distributive shock in the setting of probable sepsis and multi-organ failure. Discussion: DRESS syndrome occurs in 1 in 1,000 to 10,000 patients with a mortality rate of around 10%. Anti-convulsant, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and sulfonamide drugs are the most common drugs implicated in the development of DRESS syndrome; however, the list of offending agents is extensive . The diagnosis of DRESS syndrome is made after excluding other causes of disease such as infectious and autoimmune etiologies. The RegiSCAR scoring system is used to diagnose DRESS syndrome with 2-3 points indicating possible disease, 4-5 probable disease, and >5 definite disease. This patient scored a 7 on the RegiSCAR scale for eosinophilia, rash, organ involvement, and exclusion of other causes (infectious and autoimmune). While the pharmacologic trigger in this case is unknown, it is speculated to be caused by vancomycin, meloxicam, or furosemide due to the favorable timeline of initiation. Despite aggressive treatment, DRESS syndrome can often be fatal. Because of this, early diagnosis and treatment of patients with suspected DRESS syndrome is imperative. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20reaction%20with%20eosinophilia%20and%20systemic%20symptoms" title="drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms">drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-organ%20failure" title=" multi-organ failure"> multi-organ failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pulmonary%20involvement" title=" pulmonary involvement"> pulmonary involvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renal%20failure" title=" renal failure"> renal failure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139501/drug-reaction-with-eosinophilia-and-systemic-symptoms-dress-syndrome-presenting-as-multi-organ-failure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/139501.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">171</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">436</span> The Collagen and Glycosaminoglycnas Isolated from Salmo Salar Skin</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Beata%20Kaczmarek-Szczepa%C5%84ska">Beata Kaczmarek-Szczepańska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lidia%20Zasada"> Lidia Zasada</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Marine collagens such as fish skin, bone, cartilage, and scales, including both marine vertebrates and invertebrates sources, are more bioavailable compared to bovine or porcine collagen and have a higher absorption capability and more rapid bloodstream circulation due to their low molecular weight and small particle size. Fish skin may be used as a source of bioactive compounds. The advantage is that fish skin is a by-product of the food industry. The subject of the study is a lyophilizate consisting of a mixture of compounds from the group of glycosaminoglycans and collagen obtained as a result of processing fish skins. Bioactive compounds may find biomedical use in the production of dressing materials for wounds or in tissue engineering for the production of scaffolds for cells. Collagen and glycosaminoglycans were isolated from Salmo salar skin. The final mixture was obtained by the freeze-drying method. In the obtained lyophilizate, the content of amino acids was studied as well as the presence of polysaccharides. The studies showed the presence of glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline, which are the main amino acids of collagen. The HPLC analysis showed the presence of glucose which is a product of polysaccharides hydrolyzation and then reduction of glucuronic acid. It may be assumed that the lyophilizate contains both collagen and polysaccharide, which is probably hyaluronic acid. Acknowledgment: This work was carried out as a result of research project no. TANGO-V-A/0020/2021 financed by the National Centre for Research and Development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collagen" title="collagen">collagen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glycosaminoglycans" title=" glycosaminoglycans"> glycosaminoglycans</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioactive%20compounds" title=" bioactive compounds"> bioactive compounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fish%20skin" title=" fish skin"> fish skin</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153105/the-collagen-and-glycosaminoglycnas-isolated-from-salmo-salar-skin" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153105.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">115</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">435</span> A Retrospective Study of Dog Bite Occurrence and Anti Rabies Vaccination of Dogs in Veterinary Clinics in Aba, Abia State Nigeria from January 2016 to December 2020</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Innocent%20C.%20Abazie">Innocent C. Abazie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Odukoya%20A.%20Olatunde"> Odukoya A. Olatunde</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ochuko%20Orakpoghenor"> Ochuko Orakpoghenor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bamidele%20J.%20Kolawole"> Bamidele J. Kolawole</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hannah%20L.%20Kolawole"> Hannah L. Kolawole</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study was carried out to obtain five-year retrospective data on dog bite cases and antirabies vaccination of dogs in relation to rabies control in Aba, Abia state, Nigeria. Data for retrospective studies (2016 - 2020) was collected from both government and private veterinary clinics in Aba. A total of 66 dog bite cases were reported between January 2016 and December 2020 with a majority of victims being adults (51.5%) within the ages of 18 – 50 years. On the prevalence of dog bite cases according to the gender of victims, males (75.8%) were mostly involved compared to female victims (24.2%). Anatomically, the majority of bite wounds (65.2%) were on the legs. The monthly distribution of bites indicates a higher frequency in the months of January and March (dry season). Local 28 (43.8%) and exotic breeds 30(46.8%) of dogs were mostly involved in the dog bite cases. The majority of the dogs (92.2%) involved in the bite cases were known dogs whose owners could be contacted, while a very few proportion (7.8%) were stray dogs. Results of this study indicated that only 16 (25%) of the offending dogs had a current antirabies vaccination record, 8 (12.5%) had an unknown vaccination record, while the largest proportion, 40 (62.5%) of the offending dogs had no current vaccination record. Public awareness of the danger of dog bites in relation to rabies and increased antirabies vaccination of dogs as a means of controlling the disease is recommended. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aba" title="Aba">Aba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dog%20bite" title=" dog bite"> dog bite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rabies" title=" rabies"> rabies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vaccination%20profile" title=" vaccination profile"> vaccination profile</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177745/a-retrospective-study-of-dog-bite-occurrence-and-anti-rabies-vaccination-of-dogs-in-veterinary-clinics-in-aba-abia-state-nigeria-from-january-2016-to-december-2020" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177745.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">434</span> The Lopsided Burden of Non-Communicable Diseases in India: Evidences from the Decade 2004-2014</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kajori%20Banerjee">Kajori Banerjee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laxmi%20Kant%20Dwivedi"> Laxmi Kant Dwivedi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> India is a part of the ongoing globalization, contemporary convergence, industrialization and technical advancement that is taking place world-wide. Some of the manifestations of this evolution is rapid demographic, socio-economic, epidemiological and health transition. There has been a considerable increase in non-communicable diseases due to change in lifestyle. This study aims to assess the direction of burden of disease and compare the pressure of infectious diseases against cardio-vascular, endocrine, metabolic and nutritional diseases. The change in prevalence in a ten-year period (2004-2014) is further decomposed to determine the net contribution of various socio-economic and demographic covariates. The present study uses the recent 71st (2014) and 60th (2004) rounds of National Sample Survey. The pressure of infectious diseases against cardio-vascular (CVD), endocrine, metabolic and nutritional (EMN) diseases during 2004-2014 is calculated by Prevalence Rates (PR), Hospitalization Rates (HR) and Case Fatality Rates (CFR). The prevalence of non-communicable diseases are further used as a dependent variable in a logit regression to find the effect of various social, economic and demographic factors on the chances of suffering from the particular disease. Multivariate decomposition technique further assists in determining the net contribution of socio-economic and demographic covariates. This paper upholds evidences of stagnation of the burden of communicable diseases (CD) and rapid increase in the burden of non-communicable diseases (NCD) uniformly for all population sub-groups in India. CFR for CVD has increased drastically in 2004-2014. Logit regression indicates the chances of suffering from CVD and EMN is significantly higher among the urban residents, older ages, females, widowed/ divorced and separated individuals. Decomposition displays ample proof that improvement in quality of life markers like education, urbanization, longevity of life has positively contributed in increasing the NCD prevalence rate. In India’s current epidemiological phase, compression theory of morbidity is in action as a significant rise in the probability of contracting the NCDs over the time period among older ages is observed. Age is found to play a vital contributor in increasing the probability of having CVD and EMN over the study decade 2004-2014 in the nationally representative sample of National Sample Survey. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardio-vascular%20disease" title="cardio-vascular disease">cardio-vascular disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=case-fatality%20rate" title=" case-fatality rate"> case-fatality rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communicable%20diseases" title=" communicable diseases"> communicable diseases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hospitalization%20rate" title=" hospitalization rate"> hospitalization rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multivariate%20decomposition" title=" multivariate decomposition"> multivariate decomposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-communicable%20diseases" title=" non-communicable diseases"> non-communicable diseases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prevalence%20rate" title=" prevalence rate"> prevalence rate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40366/the-lopsided-burden-of-non-communicable-diseases-in-india-evidences-from-the-decade-2004-2014" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40366.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">313</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">433</span> Phytochemical Screening and Identification of Anti-Biological Activity Properties of Pelargonium graveolens</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anupalli%20Roja%20Rani">Anupalli Roja Rani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saraswathi%20Jaggali"> Saraswathi Jaggali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L’Hér.) is an erect, much-branched shrub. It is indigenous to various parts of southern Africa, and it is often called Geranium. Pelargonium species are widely used by traditional healers in the areas of Southern Africa by Sotho, Xhosa, Khoi-San and Zulus for its curative and palliative effects in the treatment of diarrhea, dysentery, fever, respiratory tract infections, liver complaints, wounds, gastroenteritis, haemorrhage, kidney and bladder disorders. We have used Plant materials for extracting active compounds from analytical grades of solvents methanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform and water by a soxhlet apparatus. The phytochemical screening reveals that extracts of Pelargonium graveolens contains alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, tannins, saponins and phenols in ethyl acetate solvent. The antioxidant activity was determined using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) bleaching method and the total phenolic content in the extracts was determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu method. Due to the presence of different phytochemical compounds in Pelargonium the anti-microbial activity against different micro-organisms like E.coli, Streptococcus, Klebsiella and Bacillus. Fractionation of plant extract was performed by column chromatography and was confirmed with HPLC analysis, NMR and FTIR spectroscopy for the compound identification in different organic solvent extracts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pelargonium%20graveolens%20L%E2%80%99H%C3%A9r" title="Pelargonium graveolens L’Hér">Pelargonium graveolens L’Hér</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DPPH" title=" DPPH"> DPPH</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro-organisms" title=" micro-organisms"> micro-organisms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HPLC%20analysis" title=" HPLC analysis"> HPLC analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NMR" title=" NMR"> NMR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FTIR%20spectroscopy" title=" FTIR spectroscopy"> FTIR spectroscopy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11915/phytochemical-screening-and-identification-of-anti-biological-activity-properties-of-pelargonium-graveolens" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11915.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">500</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">432</span> Medicinal Plants: An Antiviral Depository with Complex Mode of Action</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Todorov">Daniel Todorov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anton%20Hinkov"> Anton Hinkov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Petya%20Angelova"> Petya Angelova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kalina%20Shishkova"> Kalina Shishkova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Venelin%20Tsvetkov"> Venelin Tsvetkov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stoyan%20Shishkov"> Stoyan Shishkov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Human herpes viruses (HHV) are ubiquitous pathogens with a pandemic spread across the globe. HHV type 1 is the main causative agent of cold sores and fever blisters around the mouth and on the face, whereas HHV type 2 is generally responsible for genital herpes outbreaks. The treatment of both viruses is more or less successful with antivirals from the nucleoside analogues group. Their wide application increasingly leads to the emergence of resistant mutants In the past, medicinal plants have been used to treat a number of infectious and non-infectious diseases. Their diversity and ability to produce the vast variety of secondary metabolites according to the characteristics of the environment give them the potential to help us in our warfare with viral infections. The variable chemical characteristics and complex composition is an advantage in the treatment of herpes since the emergence of resistant mutants is significantly complicated. The screening process is difficult due to the lack of standardization. That is why it is especially important to follow the mechanism of antiviral action of plants. On the one hand, it may be expected to interact with its compounds, resulting in enhanced antiviral effects, and the most appropriate environmental conditions can be chosen to maximize the amount of active secondary metabolites. During our study, we followed the activity of various plant extracts on the viral replication cycle as well as their effect on the extracellular virion. We obtained our results following the logical sequence of the experimental settings - determining the cytotoxicity of the extracts, evaluating the overall effect on viral replication and extracellular virion.During our research, we have screened a variety of plant extracts for their antiviral activity against both virus replication and the virion itself. We investigated the effect of the extracts on the individual stages of the viral replication cycle - viral adsorption, penetration and the effect on replication depending on the time of addition. If there are positive results in the later experiments, we had studied the activity over viral adsorption, penetration and the effect of replication according to the time of addition. Our results indicate that some of the extracts from the Lamium album have several targets. The first stages of the viral life cycle are most affected. Several of our active antiviral agents have shown an effect on extracellular virion and adsorption and penetration processes. Our research over the last decade has shown several curative antiviral plants - some of which are from the Lamiacea family. The rich set of active ingredients of the plants in this family makes them a good source of antiviral preparation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20herpes%20virus" title="human herpes virus">human herpes virus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antiviral%20activity" title=" antiviral activity"> antiviral activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lamium%20album" title=" Lamium album"> Lamium album</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nepeta%20nuda" title=" Nepeta nuda"> Nepeta nuda</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90194/medicinal-plants-an-antiviral-depository-with-complex-mode-of-action" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90194.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">431</span> The Association between Prior Antibiotic Use and Subsequent Risk of Infectious Disease: A Systematic Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umer%20Malik">Umer Malik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Armstrong"> David Armstrong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mark%20Ashworth"> Mark Ashworth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alex%20Dregan"> Alex Dregan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Veline%20L%27Esperance"> Veline L'Esperance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lucy%20McDonnell"> Lucy McDonnell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mariam%20Molokhia"> Mariam Molokhia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patrick%20White"> Patrick White</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: The microbiota lining epithelial surfaces is thought to play an important role in many human physiological functions including defense against pathogens and modulation of immune response. The microbiota is susceptible to disruption from external influences such as exposure to antibiotic medication. It is thought that antibiotic-induced disruption of the microbiota could predispose to pathogen overgrowth and invasion. We hypothesized that antibiotic use would be associated with increased risk of future infections. We carried out a systematic review of evidence of associations between antibiotic use and subsequent risk of community-acquired infections. Methods: We conducted a review of the literature for observational studies assessing the association between antibiotic use and subsequent community-acquired infection. Eligible studies were published before April 29th, 2016. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science and screened titles and abstracts using a predefined search strategy. Infections caused by Clostridium difficile, drug-resistant organisms and fungal organisms were excluded as their association with prior antibiotic use has been examined in previous systematic reviews. Results: Eighteen out of 21,518 retrieved studies met the inclusion criteria. The association between past antibiotic exposure and subsequent increased risk of infection was reported in 16 studies, including one study on Campylobacter jejuni infection (Odds Ratio [OR] 3.3), two on typhoid fever (ORs 5.7 and 12.2), one on Staphylococcus aureus skin infection (OR 2.9), one on invasive pneumococcal disease (OR 1.57), one on recurrent furunculosis (OR 16.6), one on recurrent boils and abscesses (Risk ratio 1.4), one on upper respiratory tract infection (OR 2.3) and urinary tract infection (OR 1.1), one on invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) infection (OR 1.51), one on infectious mastitis (OR 5.38), one on meningitis (OR 2.04) and five on Salmonella enteric infection (ORs 1.4, 1.59, 1.9, 2.3 and 3.8). The effect size in three studies on Salmonella enteric infection was of marginal statistical significance. A further two studies on Salmonella infection did not demonstrate a statistically significant association between prior antibiotic exposure and subsequent infection. Conclusion: We have found an association between past antibiotic exposure and subsequent risk of a diverse range of infections in the community setting. Our findings provide evidence to support the hypothesis that prior antibiotic usage may predispose to future infection risk, possibly through antibiotic-induced alteration of the microbiota. The findings add further weight to calls to minimize inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antibiotic" title="antibiotic">antibiotic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infection" title=" infection"> infection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20factor" title=" risk factor"> risk factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=side%20effect" title=" side effect"> side effect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62780/the-association-between-prior-antibiotic-use-and-subsequent-risk-of-infectious-disease-a-systematic-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/62780.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">225</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">430</span> Geotechnical-Environmental Risk Assessment in Iranian Healthcare Centers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Siyami">Maryam Siyami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, one of the major environmental challenges is hospital waste, which, due to the presence of hazardous, toxic, and infectious agents, is of particular concern. The expansion of cities and population growth has significantly accelerated the establishment of various healthcare institutions. In this paper, the geotechnical-environmental risks in healthcare centers have been examined. The Iranian Leopold Matrix method was used to analyze the data. According to the study results, the greatest impact was related to socio-economic, environmental factors, particularly waste and wastewater management. Additionally, the most significant geotechnical-environmental risks at hospital were hospital hazardous waste, chemicals, and waste disposal. In conclusion, the most beneficial geotechnical-environmental measures were determined to be wastewater collection, waste collection, and recycling. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk" title="risk">risk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geotechnics" title=" geotechnics"> geotechnics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leopold%20Matrix" title=" Leopold Matrix"> Leopold Matrix</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191793/geotechnical-environmental-risk-assessment-in-iranian-healthcare-centers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191793.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">20</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">429</span> Characteristics of Serum Exosomes after Burn Injury and Dermal Fibroblast Regulation by Exosomes in Vitro</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jie%20Ding">Jie Ding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yingying%20Pan"> Yingying Pan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shammy%20Raj"> Shammy Raj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lindy%20Schaffrick"> Lindy Schaffrick</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jolene%20Wong"> Jolene Wong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Antoinette%20Nguyen"> Antoinette Nguyen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sharada%20Manchikanti"> Sharada Manchikanti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Larry%20Unsworth"> Larry Unsworth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20Kwan"> Peter Kwan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edward%20E.%20Tredget"> Edward E. Tredget</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Exosomes (EXOs) have been considered a new target that is thought to be involved in and treat wound healing. More research is needed to fully understand the EXO characteristics and mechanisms of EXO-mediated wound healing, especially wound healing after burn injury. Methods: Total EXOs were isolated from 85 serum samples of 29 burn patients and 13 healthy individuals. We characterized the EXOs for morphology and density, serum concentration, protein level, marker expression, size distribution, and cytokine content. After confirmation of EXO uptake by dermal fibroblasts, we also explored functional regulation of primary human normal skin and hypertrophic scar fibroblast cell lines by the EXOs in vitro, including cell proliferation and apoptosis. Results: EXOs dynamically changed their morphology, density, size, and cytokine level during wound healing in burn patients, which were correlated with burn severity and the stages of wound healing. EXOs from both burn patients and healthy individuals stimulated dermal fibroblast proliferation and apoptosis. Conclusion: EXO features may be important signals that influence wound healing after burn injury; however, to understand the mechanisms by which EXOs regulated the fibroblasts in healing wounds, further studies will be required in the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exosome" title="exosome">exosome</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=burn" title=" burn"> burn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wound%20healing" title=" wound healing"> wound healing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypertrophic%20scarring" title=" hypertrophic scarring"> hypertrophic scarring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cytokines" title=" cytokines"> cytokines</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170905/characteristics-of-serum-exosomes-after-burn-injury-and-dermal-fibroblast-regulation-by-exosomes-in-vitro" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/170905.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">428</span> Ameliorative Effect of Martynia annua Linn. on Collagen-Induced Arthritis via Modulating Cytokines and Oxidative Stress in Mice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alok%20Pal%20Jain">Alok Pal Jain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Santram%20Lodhi"> Santram Lodhi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Martynia annua Linn. (Martyniaccae) is traditionally used in inflammation and applied locally to tuberculosis glands of camel’s neck. The leaves used topically to bites of venomous insects and wounds of domestic animals. Chemical examination of Martynia annua leaves revealed the presence of glycosides, tannins, proteins, phenols and flavonoids. The present study was aimed to evaluate the anti-arthritic activity of methanolic extract of Martynia annua leaves. Methanolic extract of Martynia annua leaves was tested by using in vivo collagen-induced arthritis mouse model to investigate the anti-rheumatoid arthritis activity. In addition, antioxidant effect of methanolic extract was determined by the estimation of antioxidants level in joint tissues. The severity of arthritis was assessed by arthritis score and edema. Levels of cytokines TNF-α and IL-6, in the joint tissue homogenate were measured using ELISA. A high dose (250 mg/kg) of methanolic extract was significantly reduced the degree of inflammation in mice as compared with reference drug. Antioxidants level and malondialdehyde (MDA) in joint tissue homogenate found significantly (p < 0.05) higher. Methanolic extract at dose of 250 mg/kg modulated the cytokines production and suppressed the oxidative stress in the mice with collagen-induced arthritis. This study suggested that Martynia annua might be alternative herbal medicine for the management of rheumatoid arthritis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martynia%20annua" title="Martynia annua">Martynia annua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collagen" title=" collagen"> collagen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rheumatoid%20arthritis" title=" rheumatoid arthritis"> rheumatoid arthritis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidants" title=" antioxidants"> antioxidants</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44030/ameliorative-effect-of-martynia-annua-linn-on-collagen-induced-arthritis-via-modulating-cytokines-and-oxidative-stress-in-mice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44030.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">427</span> Surgical Prep-Related Burns in Laterally Positioned Hip Procedures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Kenny">B. Kenny</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20%20Dixon"> M. Dixon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Boshell"> A. Boshell</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of alcoholic surgical prep was recently introduced into the Royal Newcastle Center for elective procedures. In the past 3 months there have been a significant number of burns believed to be related to ‘pooling’ of this surgical prep in patients undergoing procedures where they are placed in the lateral position with hip bolsters. The aim of the audit was to determine the reason for the burns, analyze what pre-existing factors may contribute to the development of the burns and what can be changed to prevent further burns occurring. All patients undergoing a procedure performed on the hip who were placed in the lateral position with sacral and anterior, superior iliac spine (ASIS) support with ‘bolsters’ were included in the audit. Patients who developed a ‘burn’ were recorded, details of the surgery, demographics, surgical prep used and length of surgery were obtained as well as photographs taken to document the burn. Measures were then taken to prevent further burns and the efficacy was documented. Overall 14 patients developed burns over the ipsilateral ASIS. Of these, 13 were Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) and 1 was a removal of femoral nail. All patients had Chlorhexidine 0.5% in Alcohol 70% Tinted Red surgical preparation or Betadine Alcoholic Skin Prep (70% etoh). Patients were set up in the standard lateral decubitus position with sacral and bilateral ASIS bolsters with a valband covering. 86% of patients were found to have pre-existing hypersensitivities to various substances. There is very little literature besides a few case reports on surgical prep-related burns. The case reports that do exist are related to the use of tourniquet-related burns and there is no mention in the literature examining ‘bolster’ related burns. The burns are hypothesized to be caused by pooling of the alcoholic solution which is amplified by the use of Valband. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arthroplasty" title="arthroplasty">arthroplasty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20burns" title=" chemical burns"> chemical burns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wounds" title=" wounds"> wounds</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rehabilitation" title=" rehabilitation"> rehabilitation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20980/surgical-prep-related-burns-in-laterally-positioned-hip-procedures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20980.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge 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