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id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Two-handed manual alphabets</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Two-handed_manual_alphabets" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Two-handed_manual_alphabets" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Language</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Two-handed+manual+alphabets" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Watch</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Two-handed_manual_alphabets&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p>Several <a href="/wiki/Manual_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Manual alphabet">manual alphabets</a> in use around the world employ two hands to represent some or all of the letters of an <a href="/wiki/Alphabet" title="Alphabet">alphabet</a>, usually as a part of a deaf <a href="/wiki/Sign_language" title="Sign language">sign language</a>. Two-handed alphabets are less widespread than <a href="/wiki/One-handed_manual_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="One-handed manual alphabet">one-handed manual alphabets</a>. They may be used to represent the <a href="/wiki/Latin_alphabet" title="Latin alphabet">Latin alphabet</a> (for example in the manual alphabet used in <a href="/wiki/Turkish_Sign_Language" title="Turkish Sign Language">Turkish Sign Language</a>) or the <a href="/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyrillic alphabet">Cyrillic alphabet</a> (as is sometimes used in <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Sign_Language" title="Yugoslav Sign Language">Yugoslav Sign Language</a>). </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#BANZSL_alphabet"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">BANZSL alphabet</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#BANZSL_deafblind_alphabet"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">BANZSL deafblind alphabet</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Other_deafblind_alphabets"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Other deafblind alphabets</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Turkish_manual_alphabet"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Turkish manual alphabet</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Yugoslav_manual_alphabet"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Yugoslav manual alphabet</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="BANZSL_alphabet">BANZSL alphabet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Two-handed_manual_alphabets&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: BANZSL alphabet" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>This alphabet is used in the <a href="/wiki/BANZSL" title="BANZSL">BANZSL</a> group of sign languages. It has been used in <a href="/wiki/British_Sign_Language" title="British Sign Language">British Sign Language</a> and <a href="/wiki/Auslan" title="Auslan">Auslan</a> since at least the 19th century, and in <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Sign_Language" title="New Zealand Sign Language">New Zealand Sign Language</a> since the 1970s. Variations of this alphabet are also used in <a href="/wiki/Dialect" title="Dialect">dialects</a> of <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_Sign_Language" title="Indo-Pakistani Sign Language">Indo-Pakistani Sign Language</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bimanual_alphabet.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Bimanual_alphabet.jpg/220px-Bimanual_alphabet.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="668" data-file-height="599"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 197px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Bimanual_alphabet.jpg/220px-Bimanual_alphabet.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="197" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Bimanual_alphabet.jpg/330px-Bimanual_alphabet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Bimanual_alphabet.jpg/440px-Bimanual_alphabet.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>This chart shows the BANZSL alphabet.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Two-handed_manual_alphabets&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul><li>Signs may be made with the left or right hand as the dominant hand, but the roles do not usually switch when <a href="/wiki/Fingerspelling" title="Fingerspelling">fingerspelling</a>. The dominant hand generally acts as a pointer (or "pen") while the secondary hand acts as "paper".</li> <li>The vowels A, E, I, O and U are formed by touching each digit respectively, starting with the thumb.</li> <li>The letters C, D, J, K, P, Q, T, V, X, and Y make the shape of the letter itself.</li> <li>The letters B, F, G, L, M, N, R, S, and W suggest the shape of the letter.</li> <li>The letters G, L and R suggest only the lowercase form of the letter.</li> <li>Only the letters H and Z do not have a strong relation to their shape or position in the alphabet.</li> <li>Many letters appear backwards (for example, in right-handed fingerspelling, R and D often appears backwards to the viewer). This is not a mistake or a problem, and your signing does not need to be adjusted to compensate.</li></ul> <p><span class="anchor" id="Deafblind_alphabet"></span> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="BANZSL_deafblind_alphabet">BANZSL deafblind alphabet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Two-handed_manual_alphabets&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: BANZSL deafblind alphabet" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>This is a variation on the above alphabet, modified for <a href="/wiki/Touch" class="mw-redirect" title="Touch">tactile</a> use by those communicating with people who are <a href="/wiki/Deafblindness" title="Deafblindness">deafblind</a>. </p><p>The sender holds the <a href="/wiki/Wrist" title="Wrist">wrist</a> of the receiver. The receiver's hand is relaxed, with the <a href="/wiki/Hand#Areas" title="Hand">palm</a> open and fingers slightly apart. The signer uses their dominant hand like a pen to sign on the non-dominant hand of the receiver. As a beginner, you may squeeze the wrist of the receiver between words since you will spell haltingly. Once you can spell fluently, simply put a short pause between words. AEIOU are the pads of each finger, beginning with the <a href="/wiki/Thumb" title="Thumb">thumb</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Two-hand_manual.ogv/320px--Two-hand_manual.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="320" height="240" data-durationhint="12" data-mwtitle="Two-hand_manual.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/Two-hand_manual.ogv/Two-hand_manual.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"' data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c8/Two-hand_manual.ogv/Two-hand_manual.ogv.360p.webm" type='video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"' data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240"></source><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Two-hand_manual.ogv" type='video/ogg; codecs="theora"' data-width="320" data-height="240"></source></video></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <dl><dt>A</dt> <dd>BANZSL "A" is signed on the tip of the thumb</dd> <dt>B</dt> <dd>The fingers and thumb are held together to form half of the BANZSL "B" and placed on the palm</dd> <dt>C</dt> <dd>Draw your finger along the edge of the thumb and up the index finger, alternatively the direction of the sweep can be reversed</dd> <dt>D</dt> <dd>The signer forms half of the BANZSL "D" with their dominant hand and places it against the recessive hand of the receiver; an alternative is to use the index and middle finger placed against the recessive hand</dd> <dt>E</dt> <dd>BANZSL "E" is signed on the tip of the index finger</dd> <dt>F</dt> <dd>Half of the BANZSL "F" is signed either on the palm or on the top of the receiver's <a href="/wiki/Index_finger" title="Index finger">index finger</a></dd> <dt>G</dt> <dd>Half of the BANZSL "G" is signed on the palm</dd> <dt>H</dt> <dd>BANZSL "H" is signed across the palm</dd> <dt>I</dt> <dd>BANZSL "I" is signed on the tip of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_finger" title="Middle finger">middle finger</a></dd> <dt>J</dt> <dd>BANZSL "J" is signed on the hand of the receiver</dd> <dt>K</dt> <dd>Half of the BANZSL "K" is signed on the first <a href="/wiki/Knuckle" title="Knuckle">knuckle</a> of the index finger</dd> <dt>L</dt> <dd>BANZSL "L" is signed on the palm</dd> <dt>M</dt> <dd>BANZSL "M" is signed on the palm</dd> <dt>N</dt> <dd>BANZSL "N" is signed on the palm</dd> <dt>O</dt> <dd>BANZSL "O" is signed on the tip of the <a href="/wiki/Ring_finger" title="Ring finger">ring finger</a></dd> <dt>P</dt> <dd>Pinch the pad and nail of the index finger (P for pinch)</dd> <dt>Q</dt> <dd>Hook your curled index finger around the thumb</dd> <dt>R</dt> <dd>BANZSL "R" is signed on the palm</dd> <dt>S</dt> <dd>Hook your curled index finger around the <a href="/wiki/Little_finger" title="Little finger">little finger</a></dd> <dt>T</dt> <dd>BANZSL "T" is signed on the receiver's hand</dd> <dt>U</dt> <dd>BANZSL "U" is signed on the tip of the little finger</dd> <dt>V</dt> <dd>BANZSL "V" is signed on the palm</dd> <dt>W</dt> <dd>There are three ways to do this; all are acceptable, but your receiver might not know them all:<ul><li>Interlace your fingers with theirs</li><li>Grab all their fingers from the side (if your hand is folded over, their index finger lies across the first knuckles of your hand)</li><li>Grab their fingers from the top (if your hand is folded over, their fingertips lie across the first knuckles of your hand)</li></ul></dd> <dt>X</dt> <dd>Half of the BANZSL "X" is signed on the index finger</dd> <dt>Y</dt> <dd>The index finger is used to sign a BANZSL "Y" on the hand of the receiver</dd> <dt>Z</dt> <dd>The side of the palm is placed on the palm of the receiver</dd></dl> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Other_deafblind_alphabets">Other deafblind alphabets</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Two-handed_manual_alphabets&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Other deafblind alphabets" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>From <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deafblindinformation.org.au/about-deafblindness/deafblind-communication/deafblind-manual-alphabet">"Deafblind Manual Alphabet"</a>, on Deafblind Information, Senses Australia (links added): </p> <dl><dd>"Variations of this alphabet is used in some dialects of <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_Sign_Language" title="Indo-Pakistani Sign Language">Indo-Pakistani Sign Language</a>.</dd> <dd> </dd> <dd>"Other forms of manual deafblind alphabet are used around the world - eg. The Lorm Deafblind Manual Alphabet (Belgium).<sup id="cite_ref-Lorm_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lorm-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some countries, eg. Sweden, the one-handed alphabet used is modified by applying the shape of the letter into the hand of the person who is deafblind at a different angle, making the shape easier to feel."</dd></dl> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Turkish_manual_alphabet">Turkish manual alphabet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Two-handed_manual_alphabets&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Turkish manual alphabet" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xtMxBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA72">Current Directions in Turkish Sign Language Research</a></i>, p. 72, at <a href="/wiki/Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Yugoslav_manual_alphabet">Yugoslav manual alphabet</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Two-handed_manual_alphabets&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Yugoslav manual alphabet" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_manual_alphabet" title="Yugoslav manual alphabet">Yugoslav manual alphabet</a></div> <p>Some signs are modeled after letters of the <a href="/wiki/Serbian_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Serbian Cyrillic alphabet">Serbian Cyrillic alphabet</a>, others after <a href="/wiki/Gaj%27s_Latin_alphabet" title="Gaj's Latin alphabet">Gaj's Latin alphabet</a>, or stem from other sources. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.inkluzija.org/biblioteka/srpski%20znakovni%20jezik.jpg">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.deafmkd.org.mk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=58&Itemid=83&lang=mk">[2]</a> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Two-handed_manual_alphabets&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Lorm-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lorm_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deafblind.com/lorm.html">The Lorm Deafblind Manual Alphabet</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Two-handed_manual_alphabets&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deafsign.com/ds/fingerspell/fs_b2h_key.cfm">British Fingerspelling keyboard</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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