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href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&returntoquery=variant%3Dzh-cn" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&returntoquery=variant%3Dzh-cn" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" lang="zh-Hans-CN" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-概述" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#概述"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>概述</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-概述-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-命名基本原則" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#命名基本原則"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>命名基本原则</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-命名基本原則-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关命名基本原则子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-命名基本原則-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-命名模式" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#命名模式"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>命名模式</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-命名模式-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-優先權" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#優先權"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>优先权</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-優先權-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-學名用拉丁文" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#學名用拉丁文"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>学名用拉丁文</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-學名用拉丁文-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-學名的字數" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#學名的字數"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>学名的字数</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-學名的字數-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关学名的字数子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-學名的字數-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-單名法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#單名法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>单名法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-單名法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-二名法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#二名法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>双名法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-二名法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-三名法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#三名法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>三名法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-三名法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-缩写和符号" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#缩写和符号"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>缩写和符号</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-缩写和符号-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸閱讀" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸閱讀"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>延伸阅读</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸閱讀-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-網路資源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#網路資源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>网络资源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-網路資源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="目录" lang="zh-Hans-CN" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading" lang="zh-Hans-CN" dir="ltr"><span class="mw-page-title-main">学名</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" lang="zh-Hans-CN" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。14种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nombre_cientifico" title="Nombre cientifico – 阿拉贡语" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Nombre cientifico" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="阿拉贡语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nome_cient%C3%ADficu" title="Nome científicu – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nome científicu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C5%8Fk-mi%C3%A0ng" title="Hŏk-miàng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Hŏk-miàng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_name" title="Scientific name – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Scientific name" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nombre_cient%C3%ADfico" title="Nombre científico – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nombre científico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nom_scientifique" title="Nom scientifique – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nom scientifique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nome_scientifico" title="Nome scientifico – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nome scientifico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%A6%E5%90%8D" title="学名 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="学名" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%99%EB%AA%85" title="학명 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="학명" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitskapleg_namn" title="Vitskapleg namn – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Vitskapleg namn" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5" title="Название научное – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Название научное" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vetenskapligt_namn" title="Vetenskapligt namn – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Vetenskapligt namn" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha%CC%8Dk-mi%C3%A2" title="Ha̍k-miâ – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ha̍k-miâ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" title="學名 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="學名" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q10753560#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" lang="zh-Hans-CN" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " lang="zh-Hans-CN" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">大陆简体</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" lang="zh-Hans-CN" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="selected ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG 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.ambox-speedy{background-color:#300!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-问题条目 plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>本条目存在以下问题</b>，请协助<b><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit">改善本条目</a></b>或在<b><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" title="Talk:学名">讨论页</a></b>针对议题发表看法。 <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972" /><table class="box-Expert_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此条目需要<b>精通或熟悉相关主题的编者</b>参与及协助编辑。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2020年2月21日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%B0%88%E5%AE%B6%E9%82%80%E8%AB%8B%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E5%B0%8F%E7%B5%84" title="Wikipedia:专家邀请工作小组">邀请</a>适合的人士<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit">改善本条目</a>。更多的细节与详情请参见<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" title="Talk:学名">讨论页</a>。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972" /><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此条目<b>需要补充更多<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2020年2月21日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助补充多方面<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>，<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">无法查证</a>的内容可能会因为<a href="/wiki/Template:Fact" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Fact">异议提出</a>而被移除。<br />致使用者：请搜索一下条目的标题（来源搜索：<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?&as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D%22">"学名"</a> — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?q=%22%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D%22">网页</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=&as_src=-newswire+-wire+-presswire+-PR+-press+-release+-wikipedia&q=%22%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D%22">新闻</a>、<a rel="nofollow" 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.hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a></span>中国旧时儿童入学受教育时由长辈另取的名字，请参看“<b><a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%93%E5%90%8D" title="训名">训名</a></b>”。</div> <p><b>学名</b>（英语：<span lang="en">scientific name</span>）是<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" title="生物学">生物学</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%AF%E8%AF%AD" title="术语">术语</a>，即根据国际上制定的有关<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9" title="生物">生物</a>命名的法规，为每一种生物或者每个分类学上的生物群（例如：科群、属群），给予一个全世界通用的格式化拉丁文或拉丁化名称<sup id="cite_ref-#1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>动物学名的起源于1758年瑞典博物学家<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E6%9E%97%E5%A5%88" class="mw-redirect" title="卡尔·林奈">卡尔·林奈</a>的名著《<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="自然系统">自然系统</a>》第十版出版，林奈提倡给每种动物一个简化的拉丁文名称，由一字的<b>属名</b>（<span lang="en">generic name</span>）与一字的<b><a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%AE%E5%B0%8F%E5%90%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="种加词">种加词</a></b>（<span lang="en">specific name/epithet</span>）共同组成，这种二名式命名法系统随即被很多动物学家普遍采用<sup id="cite_ref-#1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-#1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。根据此命名法所得的学名，称为<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%90%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="双名">双名</a></b>或<b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%90%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="二名">二名</a></b>；而汉语界的共识是双名属于一种学名，即学名的含义更为广泛。 </p><p>目前动物命名法规规定1758年1月1日为动物命名法规的起用时间，之前发表的命名则不予采用。唯一例外是同样采用双名法命名于1757年发表的克勒克著作《瑞典蜘蛛》(Aranei Svecici)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>学名以外的名称均为<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%97%E5%90%8D" title="俗名">俗名</a>，因此并无所谓的“中文学名”，仅有汉语“普通名”与汉语“别名”<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。生物都有各自的命名法规，如动物的命名受到《<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95%E8%A6%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="国际动物命名法规">国际动物命名法规</a>》的约束<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>理论上一种生物仅有一个有效的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8C%E5%90%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="双名">双名</a>或学名，称为<b>接受名</b>，在世界范围内通用，以便不同国家和地区的学者互相交流研讨，明确所指的是哪种生物。按照国际上对生物命名的法规，在<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E7%89%A9%E7%95%B0%E5%90%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="同物异名">同物异名</a>的情况时（即同一物种被先后多次描述并命名，由此产生了多个学名），只有最早发表的学名是有效的，后发表的学名会被弃用。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="概述"><span id=".E6.A6.82.E8.BF.B0"></span>概述</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：概述"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>学名的首字母需大写。在科学文献的印刷出版时，<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%AC_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9)" class="mw-redirect" title="属 (生物)">属</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A8%AE_(%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9)" class="mw-redirect" title="种 (生物)">种</a>或之下<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E9%98%B6%E5%85%83" title="分类阶元">阶元</a>的生物学名之引用常以斜体表示，或在正排体学名下加底线表示<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。学名内所指的有可能是一种生物、一属的生物或一科的生物。原则上，一种生物的学名只有一个，即一个学名也只会用来称呼一种生物，学名以外的名称均为俗名。学名使用<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁化">拉丁化</a>文字，而俗名无限制<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。同一种生物有可能有许多俗名，有的俗名使用较为广泛，例如：学名: <i><a href="/wiki/Gambusia_affinis" class="mw-redirect" title="Gambusia affinis">Gambusia affinis</a></i> (Baird & Girard, 1853) 俗名: <a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9F%E8%9A%8A%E9%AD%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="食蚊鱼">食蚊鱼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%82%9A%E4%BB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="大肚仔">大肚仔</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%8E%E9%B1%82" class="mw-redirect" title="胎鳉">胎鳉</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%82%9A%E9%AD%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="大肚鱼">大肚鱼</a>，其中较常听到的俗名应该是“大肚鱼”。 </p><p>最初为了避免交流障碍，所以采用<a href="/wiki/%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2" title="欧洲">欧洲</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="中世纪">中古</a>时期通用的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AF%AD" title="拉丁语">拉丁文</a>作为学名，但后来学者开始使用其他语言来为生物命名（但学名词尾、语法仍符合命名法），使得生物的学名中包含了来自世界各种语言的词汇，如<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E7%BF%BC%E9%BE%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="奇翼龙">奇翼龙</a>的 <i>Yi qi</i>、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%8D%B8%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="神兽属">神兽属</a>的 <i>Shenshou</i>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%99%E5%85%BD%E5%B1%9E" title="仙兽属">仙兽属</a>的 <i>Xianshou</i>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%90%E9%BE%8D%E5%B1%AC" title="寐龙属">寐龙属</a>的 <i>Mei</i> 及其下物种<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%90%E9%BE%8D%E5%B1%AC" title="寐龙属">寐龙</a>的 <i>Mei long</i> 等词语来自<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="中文">中文</a>。而<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E7%8E%89%E5%AD%90" title="爱玉子">爱玉子</a>的<i>awkeotsang</i>来自<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B0%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="台语">台语</a>的薁荛欉（<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3%E8%A9%B1" title="台湾话">台湾话</a>：<span lang="nan"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r58929728">.mw-parser-output .sans-serif{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Lato,"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}</style><span class="sans-serif"><span lang="nan">ò-giô-tsâng</span></span></span>）<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>目前学名最长的物种为<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8F%E7%90%83%E8%8F%8C%E5%B1%9E" title="黏球菌属">黏球菌属</a>的<i><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="Myxococcus llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogochensis" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Myxococcus llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogochensis"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Myxococcus_llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogochensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Myxococcus llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogochensis（页面不存在）">Myxococcus llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogochensis</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myxococcus_llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogochensis" class="extiw" title="en:Myxococcus llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogochensis"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Myxococcus llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogochensis</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span></i>，其种加词源自其发现地<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B0%E9%9F%A6%E5%B0%94%E6%99%AE%E5%B0%94%E5%8F%A4%E5%9B%A0%E5%90%89%E5%B0%94%E6%88%88%E6%A0%BC%E9%87%8C%E6%83%A0%E5%B0%94%E6%81%A9%E5%BE%B7%E7%BD%97%E5%B8%83%E5%B0%94%E5%85%B0%E8%92%82%E8%A5%BF%E5%88%A9%E5%A5%A5%E6%88%88%E6%88%88%E6%88%88%E8%B5%AB" title="兰韦尔普尔古因吉尔戈格里惠尔恩德罗布尔兰蒂西利奥戈戈戈赫">兰韦尔普尔古因吉尔</a>的全名，是世界第二长的地名；学名最短的物种为<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E8%9D%A0" title="南蝠">南蝠</a>（<i>Ia io</i>）和<a href="/wiki/%E5%A5%87%E7%BF%BC%E9%BE%8D%E5%B1%AC" title="奇翼龙属">奇翼龙</a>（<i>Yi qi</i>），都只有 4 个字母。 </p><p>生物命名有一个基本原则，即某个<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E9%98%B6%E5%85%83" title="分类阶元">生物分类单位</a>的有效名称，应以最早正式刊出的名称为准。若发现同物异名的情况，应保留最早的名称，废除较晚的命名。没有两个属的动物可以有相同的属名，也没有两个属的植物有相同的属名，一个属中也没有两个种有相同的种名。动物和植物可以有相同的属名，不同属中可以有相同的种名，但亲缘关系较近的属中应避免相同的种名，以免分类调整归为一属时造成混乱。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="命名基本原則"><span id=".E5.91.BD.E5.90.8D.E5.9F.BA.E6.9C.AC.E5.8E.9F.E5.89.87"></span>命名基本原则</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：命名基本原则"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="命名模式"><span id=".E5.91.BD.E5.90.8D.E6.A8.A1.E5.BC.8F"></span>命名模式</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：命名模式"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>命名应指定命名模式，种的命名模式为该种个体的标本，属的命名模式为一个种，科的命名模式为一个属 <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="優先權"><span id=".E5.84.AA.E5.85.88.E6.AC.8A"></span>优先权</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：优先权"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>原则上先发表的学名具有优先权；但如果严格实行优先权规定，可能会使长久普遍使用的学名被废弃时，则可能例外使较早发表而具有优先权的名字被废弃。 <sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="學名用拉丁文"><span id=".E5.AD.B8.E5.90.8D.E7.94.A8.E6.8B.89.E4.B8.81.E6.96.87"></span>学名用拉丁文</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：学名用拉丁文"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>学名应使用拉丁文或拉丁化文字。 <sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="學名的字數"><span id=".E5.AD.B8.E5.90.8D.E7.9A.84.E5.AD.97.E6.95.B8"></span>学名的字数</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：学名的字数"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="單名法"><span id=".E5.96.AE.E5.90.8D.E6.B3.95"></span>单名法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：单名法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%9E" title="属">属</a>以上的<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E9%98%B6%E5%85%83" title="分类阶元">分类阶元</a>的学名使用<b>单名法</b>（nomen），由一个拉丁文单词表示，首字母大写，属名须用斜体，其他阶元惯用正体。完整引用时须在名称后加命名人姓氏和命名时间，一般情况下则省略。命名人姓氏和命名时间之间用<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E5%BD%A2%E5%92%8C%E5%8D%8A%E5%BD%A2" title="全形和半形">半角</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%97%E5%8F%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="逗号">逗号</a> + 一个空格（, ），命名人第一个字母大写。在某些阶元有特定使用的词尾，例如植物科的学名词尾为 aceae；新命名的分类阶元则在名称后加“nov.”。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="二名法"><span id=".E4.BA.8C.E5.90.8D.E6.B3.95"></span>双名法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：双名法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%A7%8D" title="物种">种</a>一级的学名使用<b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95" title="双名法">双名法</a></b>（binomen），又称双名法，由属名和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%8D%E5%8A%A0%E8%AF%8D" title="种加词">种加词</a>（港台称种小名）。两部分构成一个种名。完整引用时须在种名后加命名人姓氏和命名时间，一般情况下可省略。有时属名后还可附加用括号括起的亚属名。属名、亚属名及其所带的括号、种加词均用斜体，命名人、命名时间及二者间的逗号用正体。属名、亚属名和命名人的第一个字母大写。若原来的命名经过修正（如某物种从一个属移入另一属），则原命名人加上括号。 </p><p>若在一篇文章中多次引用某个种名，可在第一次完整引用后，后续使用属名、亚属名和种加词的缩写式，缩写只保留属名、亚属名和种加词的首字母，后加半角<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A5%E5%8F%B7" title="句号">句号</a> + 一个空格（. ）。在很少的一些情况下，由于一个物种已经广为人知，所以其缩写形式就约定俗成了，如 <i>Escherichia coli</i>（<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%85%B8%E6%A1%BF%E8%8F%8C" title="大肠杆菌">大肠埃希菌</a>，即大肠杆菌）可缩写为 <i>E. coli</i> 而不会引起误会。若名称在一行内写不下要换行时，须按<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%B3%E8%8A%82" title="音节">音节</a>换行，不能将音节拆开，并要加半角<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5%E5%8F%B7" title="连接号">连接号</a>（-）连接。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="三名法"><span id=".E4.B8.89.E5.90.8D.E6.B3.95"></span>三名法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：三名法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%A8%AE" title="亚种">亚种</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%8A%E7%A8%AE_(%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8)" class="mw-redirect" title="变种 (植物学)">变种</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%98%E5%9E%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="变型（页面不存在）">变型</a>等种以下的阶元使用<b>三名法</b>（trinomen）：由属名、种加词、种下阶元加词三部分组成，均用斜体或专名号。完整引用时须在名称后加命名人姓氏和命名时间，一般情况下可省略。 </p><p><b>示例</b> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%AB%E7%A7%91" title="猫科">猫科</a>：Felidae Gray, 1821 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%B9%E5%B1%9E" title="豹属">豹属</a>：<i>Panthera</i> Oken, 1816 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%8E" title="虎">虎</a>：<i>Panthera tigris</i> (Linnaeus, 1758) ，也可写为 <i>Panthera (tigris) tigris</i> (Linnaeus, 1758)。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%8C%97%E8%99%8E" title="东北虎">东北虎</a>：<i>Panthera tigris altaica</i> (Termminck, 1845) ，若前文已引用过虎的完整学名，则东北虎的学名可简写为 <i>P. t. altaica</i>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%97%E5%A5%88" class="mw-redirect" title="林奈">林奈</a>（Linnaeus）最初为虎命名时，将虎归入<a href="/wiki/%E7%8C%AB%E5%B1%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="猫属">猫属</a>，因此虎的旧名为 <i>Felis tigris</i> Linaeus, 1758，东北虎的旧名为 <i>Felis tigris altaica</i> Termminck, 1845，而现行分类将虎归入<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%B9%E5%B1%9E" title="豹属">豹属</a>，所以命名人加了括号。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="缩写和符号"><span id=".E7.BC.A9.E5.86.99.E5.92.8C.E7.AC.A6.E5.8F.B7"></span>缩写和符号</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：缩写和符号"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972" /><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此章节需要<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit"><b>扩充</b></a>。</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>学名中还会使用一些正体的缩写和符号，例如： </p> <ul><li>aff. 是 affinis 的缩写，写在种名前，意为亲近，翻译为近缘种，古生物较常用，如<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8E%9F%E5%A7%8B%E6%89%81%E9%BC%BB%E7%8A%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="原始扁鼻犬（页面不存在）">原始扁鼻犬</a>亲近种 <i>Simocyon</i> aff. <i>primigenius</i> Roth et Wanger, 1855 与原始扁鼻犬 <i>Simocyon primigenius</i> Roth et Wanger, 1855 有一定的亲缘关系。</li> <li>cf. 是 conformis 的缩写，写在种名前，意为相似，翻译为相似种，比近缘种关系更为密切，古生物较常用，如史前的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BC%BC%E5%8C%97%E8%B1%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="似北豺（页面不存在）">似北豺</a> <i>Cuon</i> cf<i>. alpinus</i> (Pallas, 1811) 与现生的<a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%BA" title="豺">豺</a> <i>Cuon alpinus</i> (Pallas, 1811) 很相似，但不能肯定为同一种。</li> <li>var. 是 varietas 的缩写，意为<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%8A%E7%A8%AE" title="变种">变种</a>，写在种名后，变种名前，主要表示地理意义上的变种，也可用于其它意义的变种，如<a href="/wiki/%E9%B9%85" title="鹅">家鹅</a>的学名 <i>Anser cypnoides</i> var. <i>domestica</i> 就是在<a href="/wiki/%E9%B8%BF%E9%9B%81" title="鸿雁">鸿雁</a>的学名后加上“驯养”（<i>domestica</i>）构成的，即鸿雁驯化变种。</li> <li>mut. 是 mutatio 的缩写，意为变种，表示时间意义上的变种，但时间意义上的变种也常用 var. 而不用 mut.，mut. 很少使用。</li> <li>indet. 是 indeterminata 的缩写，表示属或种不能鉴定。</li> <li>emend. 是 emendatio 的缩写，表示修改、订正，一般在属、科以上使用。</li> <li>? 表示有疑问，不确定。 ? 放在属名前，表示属、种都可能有问题，? 放在属名后，表示属名不能肯定，? 放在命名人后，表示种名不能肯定。</li> <li>et 是“和，与，及”的意思。若由两人联合命名，则命名人之间用 et 连接，如<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B3%A5%E6%B2%B3%E6%B9%BE%E5%B7%A8%E5%89%91%E9%BD%BF%E8%99%8E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="泥河湾巨剑齿虎（页面不存在）">泥河湾巨剑齿虎</a> <i>Megantereon nihowanensis</i> <b>Teilhard et Piveteau</b>, 1930；若由三人联合命名，则第一人和第二人之间用半角逗号+一个空格（, ）隔开，第二人和第三人之间用 et 连接，如<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E9%B1%80%E8%B1%9A%E7%A7%91" title="白𬶨豚科">白鱀豚科</a> Lipotidae <b>Zhou, Qian et Li</b>, 1978。命名人之间也可用 <b>and</b> 或符号 <b>&</b> 连接，作用与 et 相同。命名人超过三人时，则在第一个人后面加上 et al. ，表示“等，以及其他人”，如<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%97%E9%9B%84%E9%98%B6%E9%BD%BF%E5%85%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="南雄阶齿兽（页面不存在）">南雄阶齿兽</a> <i>Bemalambda nanhsiungensis</i> <b>Chow et al</b>., 1973</li> <li>gen. 是属 genus 的缩写，sp. 和 spp. 是种 species 的缩写，sp. 是种的单数，spp. 是种的复数，sp. 写在属名之后，表示不能确定种名的未定种。</li> <li>nov. 是 nova 新的缩写， gen. nov. 表示新属，sp. nov. 表示新种，gen. et. sp. nov. 表示第一次发表的新属、新种。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="延伸閱讀"><span id=".E5.BB.B6.E4.BC.B8.E9.96.B1.E8.AE.80"></span>延伸阅读</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：延伸阅读"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95%E8%A6%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="国际动物命名法规">国际动物命名法规</a>（<span lang="en">International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, ICZN</span>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E9%99%85%E8%97%BB%E7%B1%BB%E3%80%81%E7%9C%9F%E8%8F%8C%E3%80%81%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95%E8%A7%84" class="mw-redirect" title="国际藻类、真菌、植物命名法规">国际藻类、真菌和植物命名法规</a>（<span lang="en">International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants；ICN</span>）</li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="國際原核生物命名法規" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%8E%9F%E6%A0%B8%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%91%BD%E5%90%8D%E6%B3%95%E8%A6%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="国际原核生物命名法规（页面不存在）">国际原核生物命名法规</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment"><span class="ilh-paren">（</span><span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Code_of_Nomenclature_of_Prokaryotes" class="extiw" title="en:International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes"><span lang="en" dir="auto">International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes</span></a></span><span class="ilh-paren">）</span></span></span>（<span lang="en">International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes, ICNP</span>）</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%B8%E5%90%8D" title="裸名">裸名</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%97%E5%90%8D" title="俗名">俗名</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D" title="植物学名">植物学名</a></li> <li>植物命名指南作者:黄增泉, 吴明洲, 黄星凡出版社：行政院农业委员会林务局出版日期：2013/12/01</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="網路資源"><span id=".E7.B6.B2.E8.B7.AF.E8.B3.87.E6.BA.90"></span>网络资源</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：网络资源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>国际藻类、真菌和植物命名法规(深圳法规2018) <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php">https://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20191216164849/https://www.iapt-taxon.org/nomen/main.php">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） </p><p>动物命名法规(第四版) <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.iczn.org/the-code/the-code-online/">https://www.iczn.org/the-code/the-code-online/</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210903062842/https://www.iczn.org/the-code/the-code-online/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） </p><p>原核生物命名法规 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.the-icsp.org/bacterial-code">http://www.the-icsp.org/bacterial-code</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220614200826/http://www.the-icsp.org/bacterial-code">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） </p><p>国际动物命名法委员会. 国际动物命名规约 (第四版) . 于名振, 译. 修订 2 版. 基隆: 水产出版社, 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.iczn.org/assets/af0248bce6/20090306-Traditional-Chinese-translation-of-ICZN-Code4.pdf">https://www.iczn.org/assets/af0248bce6/20090306-Traditional-Chinese-translation-of-ICZN-Code4.pdf</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20220308082843/https://www.iczn.org/assets/af0248bce6/20090306-Traditional-Chinese-translation-of-ICZN-Code4.pdf">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a 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[M]. 于名振, 译. 修订 2 版. <a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E9%9A%86" class="mw-redirect" title="基隆">基隆</a>: 水产出版社, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cna.com.tw/news/amov/202301280097.aspx">為台灣愛玉取學名牧野富太郎故事將搬上NHK</a>. 中央社 CNA. 2023-01-28 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2025-01-11</span>]</span> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文（台湾）网页">（中文（台湾））</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D&rft.atitle=%E7%82%BA%E5%8F%B0%E7%81%A3%E6%84%9B%E7%8E%89%E5%8F%96%E5%AD%B8%E5%90%8D+%E7%89%A7%E9%87%8E%E5%AF%8C%E5%A4%AA%E9%83%8E%E6%95%85%E4%BA%8B%E5%B0%87%E6%90%AC%E4%B8%8ANHK&rft.date=2023-01-28&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%A4%BE+CNA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cna.com.tw%2Fnews%2Famov%2F202301280097.aspx&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> 国际动物命名法委员会. 国际动物命名规约 (第四版) (序言)篇章[M]. 于名振, 译. 修订 2 版. 基隆: 水产出版社, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> 国际藻类真菌植物命名法规原则二</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">国际动物命名法委员会. 国际动物命名规约 (第四版) (序言)篇章[M]. 于名振, 译. 修订 2 版. 基隆: 水产出版社, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> 国际动物命名法规 (第四版)第23条</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> 国际藻类真菌植物命名法规原则三</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">国际动物命名法规 (第四版)第11条</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">国际藻类真菌植物命名法规原则五</span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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