Climate Analytics | A review of loss and damage in the Caribbean…

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class="container"><nav class="mb-12 lg:mb-24" aria-label="Breadcrumb"><ol class="flex flex-nowrap text-xs uppercase text-white"><li class="truncate"> <a href="https://climateanalytics.org/" class="font-bold hover:underline">Homepage</a></li><li class="truncate"> <span class="ml-1 opacity-60" aria-hidden="true"> > </span> <a href="https://climateanalytics.org/publications" class="font-bold hover:underline">Publications</a></li><li class="truncate"> <span class="ml-1 opacity-60" aria-hidden="true"> > </span> <a href="https://climateanalytics.org/publications/a-review-of-loss-and-damage-in-the-caribbean-1994-to-2024" class="font-bold hover:underline">A review of loss and damage in the Caribbean (1994 to 2024)</a></li></ol></nav> <date class="block mb-6">4 June, 2024</date><div class="grid grid-cols-1 gap-y-12 "><h1 class="text-3xl font-bold max-w-screen-xl sm:text-4xl md:text-5xl lg:text-7xl text-white" x-data x-init="$el.animate([ { transform: 'translateY(-100px)', opacity: 0 }, { transform: 'translateY(0px)', opacity: 1 } ],{ duration: 700, easing: 'ease-out' })" x-cloak > A review of loss and damage in the Caribbean (1994 to 2024)</h1><div class="grid grid-cols-1 gap-y-4 max-w-3xl"><p class="text-sm font-bold uppercase leading-none">Authors</p><div class="prose prose-p:leading-loose prose-a:leading-loose max-w-none prose-white"><p><a href="https://climateanalytics.org/team/arunima-sircar">Arunima Sircar</a>, Adelle Thomas, <a href="https://climateanalytics.org/team/olivia-serdeczny">Olivia Serdeczny</a> and <a href="https://climateanalytics.org/team/sasha-jattansingh">Sasha Jattansingh</a></p></div></div><div class="flex flex-col items-center space-y-8 lg:flex-row lg:justify-between lg:space-y-0"><div class="flex flex-col space-y-3 md:flex-row md:space-y-0 md:space-x-3"> <a href="https://ca1-clm.edcdn.com/publications/Review-of-loss-and-damage-in-the-Caribbean-1994-2024.pdf?v=1717576292" class="inline-block transition duration-200 ease-linear rounded-xl 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srcset="https://ca1-clm.edcdn.com/masthead/_800xAUTO_crop_center-center_none/066.jpg?v=1717514406" width="800" height="auto" media="(max-width: 799px)"><source srcset="https://ca1-clm.edcdn.com/masthead/_1200xAUTO_crop_center-center_none/066.jpg?v=1717514407" width="1200" height="auto" media="(min-width: 800px) and (max-width: 1199px)"><source srcset="https://ca1-clm.edcdn.com/masthead/_1600xAUTO_crop_center-center_none/066.jpg?v=1717514407" width="1600" height="auto" media="(min-width: 1200px) and (max-width: 1599px)"><source srcset="https://ca1-clm.edcdn.com/masthead/_2000xAUTO_crop_center-center_none/066.jpg?v=1717514407" width="2000" height="auto" media="(min-width: 1600px)"><img src="https://ca1-clm.edcdn.com/masthead/_800xAUTO_crop_center-center_none/066.jpg?v=1717514406" width="800" height="auto" style="object-position: 50% 50%" class="w-full h-full object-cover bg-gray-100" alt="" fetchpriority="high" crossorigin loading="lazy"></picture></div><div class="pb-12 lg:pb-24 mt-12 lg:mt-24 overflow-x-clip"><div class="container"><div class="text-left prose lg:prose-lg prose-headings:font-normal prose-a:underline prose-a:text-primary prose-headings:text-primary prose-dark-grey content mx-auto max-w-md md:max-w-lg lg:max-w-xl xl:max-w-3xl 2xl:max-w-4xl"><p>Loss and damage from climate change has been the lived reality of Caribbean small island developing states (SIDS) for decades. Despite efforts to adapt, it is reversing development gains, leaving lasting financial stress, and causing irreparable damage, including the loss of cultural heritage.</p><p>As the world warms, Caribbean SIDS – recognised for their international leadership on the issue – are facing escalating climate impacts and spiralling costs. Despite their deep experience, the evidence base on loss and damage in the region is fragmented.</p><p>This report is the first to provide a systematic overview of how Caribbean countries are framing and reporting on loss and damage through a comprehensive review of national documents submitted to the United Nations Framework Convention (UNFCCC) over the last thirty years.</p><p>What emerges is a broad and complex issue that is narrowly represented on the world stage. Generally, loss and damage in the Caribbean is reported as economic costs associated with a climate-related event, mainly hurricanes and floods. Many other climate hazards considered important by SIDS tend to go unreported, as do the impacts of slow onset events such as drought, sea level rise, sargassum blooms or coral bleaching.</p><p>National reports and regional studies also mostly focus on the direct costs of extreme events, without accounting for the indirect effects of loss and damage. These include increasing debt burdens and drops in economic output. Also absent from loss and damage assessments in the region are ‘activity costs,’ including reconstruction or rehabilitation.</p><p>A major barrier to estimating loss and damage finance needs is the lack of accessible, comparable data. Not all data in national reports are publicly available, and different sectors use different approaches to categorise and quantify loss and damage. Funding further research to build an evidence base on loss and damage in the Caribbean would shed light on current and future financing needs, as a first step to ensuring funds reach those who need it most. <br /></p><h3>Recommendations for Caribbean SIDS on future loss and damage research priorities include:</h3><ol><li><strong>Develop and implement a common regional approach for loss and damage reporting </strong><br />Using a standard framing and scope for loss and damage assessments and reports under the UNFCCC would make combining and comparing data across the region far easier.<br /><br /></li><li><strong>Develop national plans or programmes to address loss and damage </strong><br />Developing a national approach to addressing loss and damage based on available data could lay the foundation for accessing finance under the UNFCCC.<br /><br /></li><li><strong>Estimate the funds you need to address loss and damage </strong><br />Financial loss and damage estimates could ideally include a costing of national actions and/or planned activities, which in many cases are yet to be determined.<br /><strong> <br /></strong></li><li><strong>Report loss and damage finance needs in Biennial Transparency Reports<br /></strong>Provision has been made to report loss and damage experiences and financial needs in these biannual progress reports under the Enhanced Transparency Framework. Explicitly labelling information as loss and damage would help contribute to the evidence base on financial needs.<br /><br /></li><li><strong>Tag and track loss and damage in national plans and budgets </strong><br />Tagging and tracking financial flows would increase transparency on actual loss and damage spending and financial needs. It would also enhance engagement from different stakeholders involved in budgeting and improve accountability in fiscal planning.</li></ol></div></div></div><div class="pb-12 lg:pb-24 overflow-x-clip"><div class="container"><div class="flex items-center justify-center"> <i class="text-green text-2xl fa-solid fa-tags mt-3"></i><ul class="flex flex-wrap space-x-3 space-y-3"><li class="mt-3 ml-3"> <a href="https://climateanalytics.org/publications?topic=loss-and-damage" class="inline-block px-4 uppercase bg-gray-300 hover:bg-gray-200 focus:bg-gray-200 transition-colors duration-150 py-3 text-sm"> Loss and damage </a></li><li class=""> <a href="https://climateanalytics.org/publications?topic=climate-impacts-and-risks" class="inline-block px-4 uppercase bg-gray-300 hover:bg-gray-200 focus:bg-gray-200 transition-colors duration-150 py-3 text-sm"> Climate impacts and risks </a></li><li class=""> <a href="https://climateanalytics.org/publications?topic=adaptation" class="inline-block px-4 uppercase bg-gray-300 hover:bg-gray-200 focus:bg-gray-200 transition-colors duration-150 py-3 text-sm"> Adaptation </a></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="pb-12 lg:pb-24 overflow-x-clip"><div class="container"><div class="relative grid grid-cols-1 gap-y-8 lg:gap-y-12 xl:gap-y-16"><div class="max-w-none prose lg:prose-lg xl:prose-xl "><h2 class="text-primary " > Publications</h2></div><div><div x-data="slider( { spaceBetween: 20, } , )" class="swiper relative pb-16 lg:!static lg:pb-0" ><div class="swiper-wrapper grid grid-flow-col "><div class="swiper-slide"><div class="grid grid-cols-1 gap-y-8 lg:grid-cols-2 lg:gap-8"><div class="row-span-2"><article class="transition relative pt-8 px-8 text-white group h-full pb-20 delay-200 duration-500" x-data="{ shown: false, }" x-intersect="shown = true" :class="{ 'translate-y-0 opacity-100': shown, 'translate-y-10 opacity-0': !shown }" x-cloak aria-labelledby="card-heading-644741116" > <a href="https://climateanalytics.org/publications/spatially-resolved-emulated-annual-temperature-projections-for-overshoot-pathways"><div class="absolute inset-0 -z-1 after:absolute after:inset-0 after:bg-black/40 lg:after:bg-transparent lg:after:bg-gradient-to-b lg:after:from-black/40 lg:group-hover:after:bg-black/40 lg:after:transition-colors"> <img width="600" height="401" srcset="https://ca1-clm.edcdn.com/masthead/_400xAUTO_crop_center-center_none/pexels-alteredsnaps-14920362.jpg?v=1732193431 400w,https://ca1-clm.edcdn.com/masthead/_800xAUTO_crop_center-center_none/pexels-alteredsnaps-14920362.jpg?v=1732193363 800w" sizes="(min-width: 640px) 50vw,(min-width: 1280px) 33.33vw,100vw" src="https://ca1-clm.edcdn.com/masthead/_600xAUTO_crop_center-center_none/pexels-alteredsnaps-14920362.jpg?v=1732193431" alt="" class="w-full h-full object-cover bg-gray-100" style="object-position: 50% 50%" crossorigin loading="lazy"></div><div class="space-y-4"><h2 id="card-heading-644741116" class="font-bold text-lg lg:text-xl xl:text-2xl"> Spatially resolved emulated annual temperature projections for overshoot pathways</h2><div class="lg:opacity-0 lg:transition-opacity lg:group-hover:opacity-100 lg:text-sm 2xl:text-base"><p>This study presents a new dataset of annual temperature projections for different overshoot pathways (when the 1.5 °C of global warming limit is exceeded). The data offers a unique opportunity to study local and regional climate change impacts of a range of overshoot scenarios, including when temperature thresholds might be exceeded, and by how much.</p></div></div><i class="absolute right-8 fa-light fa-arrow-right lg:opacity-0 lg:transition-opacity lg:group-hover:opacity-100 bottom-6 text-2xl lg:text-3xl"></i> </a></article></div><div class=""><article class="transition relative pt-8 px-8 text-white group h-full pb-20 delay-200 duration-500" x-data="{ shown: false, }" x-intersect="shown = true" :class="{ 'translate-y-0 opacity-100': shown, 'translate-y-10 opacity-0': !shown }" x-cloak aria-labelledby="card-heading-838431756" > <a href="https://climateanalytics.org/publications/the-role-of-northern-forests-in-limiting-warming-to-1-5-c"><div class="absolute inset-0 -z-1 after:absolute after:inset-0 after:bg-black/40 lg:after:bg-transparent lg:after:bg-gradient-to-b lg:after:from-black/40 lg:group-hover:after:bg-black/40 lg:after:transition-colors"> <img width="600" height="450" srcset="https://ca1-clm.edcdn.com/masthead/_400xAUTO_crop_center-center_none/aaron-burden-G_1V58E0TyM-unsplash.jpg?v=1729675659%2C0.5093%2C0.7859 400w,https://ca1-clm.edcdn.com/masthead/_800xAUTO_crop_center-center_none/aaron-burden-G_1V58E0TyM-unsplash.jpg?v=1729599743%2C0.5093%2C0.7859 800w" sizes="(min-width: 640px) 50vw,(min-width: 1280px) 33.33vw,100vw" src="https://ca1-clm.edcdn.com/masthead/_600xAUTO_crop_center-center_none/aaron-burden-G_1V58E0TyM-unsplash.jpg?v=1729675660%2C0.5093%2C0.7859" alt="Aaron burden G 1 V58 E0 Ty M unsplash" class="w-full h-full object-cover bg-gray-100" style="object-position: 50.93% 78.59%" crossorigin loading="lazy"></div><div class="space-y-4"><h2 id="card-heading-838431756" class="font-bold text-lg lg:text-xl xl:text-2xl"> The role of northern forests in limiting warming to 1.5°C</h2><div class="lg:opacity-0 lg:transition-opacity lg:group-hover:opacity-100 lg:text-sm 2xl:text-base"><p>Northern forests are critical in the race to net zero CO₂ by mid-century. Protecting and restoring these forests, alongside steep and rapid reductions in fossil fuel emissions, is essential both to mitigating emissions and to supporting forest ecosystem services and biodiversity.</p></div></div><i class="absolute right-8 fa-light fa-arrow-right lg:opacity-0 lg:transition-opacity lg:group-hover:opacity-100 bottom-6 text-2xl lg:text-3xl"></i> </a></article></div><div class=""><article class="transition relative pt-8 px-8 text-white group h-full pb-20 delay-200 duration-500" x-data="{ shown: false, }" x-intersect="shown = true" :class="{ 'translate-y-0 opacity-100': shown, 'translate-y-10 opacity-0': !shown }" x-cloak aria-labelledby="card-heading-2045617522" > <a href="https://climateanalytics.org/publications/rapid-urbanisation-and-climate-change-key-drivers-of-dramatic-flood-impacts-in-nepal"><div class="absolute inset-0 -z-1 after:absolute after:inset-0 after:bg-black/40 lg:after:bg-transparent lg:after:bg-gradient-to-b lg:after:from-black/40 lg:group-hover:after:bg-black/40 lg:after:transition-colors"> <img width="600" height="399" srcset="https://ca1-clm.edcdn.com/masthead/_400xAUTO_crop_center-center_none/pexels-gsn-travel-28359722.jpg?v=1729151972 400w,https://ca1-clm.edcdn.com/masthead/_800xAUTO_crop_center-center_none/pexels-gsn-travel-28359722.jpg?v=1729151682 800w" sizes="(min-width: 640px) 50vw,(min-width: 1280px) 33.33vw,100vw" src="https://ca1-clm.edcdn.com/masthead/_600xAUTO_crop_center-center_none/pexels-gsn-travel-28359722.jpg?v=1729151972" alt="" class="w-full h-full object-cover bg-gray-100" style="object-position: 50% 50%" crossorigin loading="lazy"></div><div class="space-y-4"><h2 id="card-heading-2045617522" class="font-bold text-lg lg:text-xl xl:text-2xl"> Rapid urbanisation and climate change key drivers of dramatic flood impacts in Nepal</h2><div class="lg:opacity-0 lg:transition-opacity lg:group-hover:opacity-100 lg:text-sm 2xl:text-base"><p>New study finds the devastating floods in Nepal late September were exacerbated by rapid urbanisation and climate change. The analysis found the relentless rain, which fell on saturated ground in the late monsoon, was made at least 10% heavier and 70% more likely by climate change.</p></div></div><i class="absolute right-8 fa-light fa-arrow-right lg:opacity-0 lg:transition-opacity lg:group-hover:opacity-100 bottom-6 text-2xl lg:text-3xl"></i> </a></article></div></div></div><div class="swiper-slide"><div class="grid grid-cols-1 gap-y-8 lg:grid-cols-2 lg:gap-8"><div class="row-span-2"><article class="transition relative pt-8 px-8 text-white group h-full pb-20 delay-200 duration-500" x-data="{ shown: false, }" x-intersect="shown = true" :class="{ 'translate-y-0 opacity-100': shown, 'translate-y-10 opacity-0': !shown }" x-cloak aria-labelledby="card-heading-174491626" > <a href="https://climateanalytics.org/publications/seasonal-forecast-of-two-metre-temperature-and-precipitation-in-tanzania-a-hybrid-cluster-and-point-by-point-machine-learning-approach"><div class="absolute inset-0 -z-1 after:absolute after:inset-0 after:bg-black/40 lg:after:bg-transparent lg:after:bg-gradient-to-b lg:after:from-black/40 lg:group-hover:after:bg-black/40 lg:after:transition-colors"> <img width="600" height="401" srcset="https://ca1-clm.edcdn.com/masthead/_400xAUTO_crop_center-center_none/pexels-londo-28975776.jpg?v=1729684307 400w,https://ca1-clm.edcdn.com/masthead/_800xAUTO_crop_center-center_none/pexels-londo-28975776.jpg?v=1729684213 800w" sizes="(min-width: 640px) 50vw,(min-width: 1280px) 33.33vw,100vw" src="https://ca1-clm.edcdn.com/masthead/_600xAUTO_crop_center-center_none/pexels-londo-28975776.jpg?v=1729684308" alt="" class="w-full h-full object-cover bg-gray-100" style="object-position: 50% 50%" crossorigin loading="lazy"></div><div class="space-y-4"><h2 id="card-heading-174491626" class="font-bold text-lg lg:text-xl xl:text-2xl"> Seasonal forecast of two-metre temperature and precipitation in Tanzania: A hybrid cluster and point-by-point machine learning approach</h2><div class="lg:opacity-0 lg:transition-opacity lg:group-hover:opacity-100 lg:text-sm 2xl:text-base"><p>Seasonal forecasting of atmospheric parameters is important in various fields including agriculture. This study tests how machine learning can complement dynamic models using Tanzanian seasonal forecasts and finds this process uses far less computational power.</p></div></div><i class="absolute right-8 fa-light fa-arrow-right lg:opacity-0 lg:transition-opacity lg:group-hover:opacity-100 bottom-6 text-2xl lg:text-3xl"></i> </a></article></div><div class=""><article class="transition relative pt-8 px-8 text-white group h-full pb-20 delay-200 duration-500" x-data="{ shown: false, }" x-intersect="shown = true" :class="{ 'translate-y-0 opacity-100': shown, 'translate-y-10 opacity-0': !shown }" x-cloak aria-labelledby="card-heading-340170193" > <a href="https://climateanalytics.org/publications/adapting-east-and-southern-africas-livestock-to-climate-change-a-decision-making-under-deep-uncertainty-based-approach-for-effective-actions"><div class="absolute inset-0 -z-1 after:absolute after:inset-0 after:bg-black/40 lg:after:bg-transparent lg:after:bg-gradient-to-b lg:after:from-black/40 lg:group-hover:after:bg-black/40 lg:after:transition-colors"> <img width="600" height="262" srcset="https://ca1-clm.edcdn.com/masthead/_400xAUTO_crop_center-center_none/bill-wegener-zUJyCH_EpzA-unsplash.jpg?v=1729242747 400w,https://ca1-clm.edcdn.com/masthead/_800xAUTO_crop_center-center_none/bill-wegener-zUJyCH_EpzA-unsplash.jpg?v=1729242517 800w" sizes="(min-width: 640px) 50vw,(min-width: 1280px) 33.33vw,100vw" src="https://ca1-clm.edcdn.com/masthead/_600xAUTO_crop_center-center_none/bill-wegener-zUJyCH_EpzA-unsplash.jpg?v=1729242747" alt="" class="w-full h-full object-cover bg-gray-100" style="object-position: 50% 50%" crossorigin loading="lazy"></div><div class="space-y-4"><h2 id="card-heading-340170193" class="font-bold text-lg lg:text-xl xl:text-2xl"> Adapting East and Southern Africa’s livestock to climate change</h2><div class="lg:opacity-0 lg:transition-opacity lg:group-hover:opacity-100 lg:text-sm 2xl:text-base"><p>This paper presents a decision-making framework to help livestock farmers in Eastern and Southern Africa select context-specific adaptation strategies in response to climate change. The framework uses a decision tree to evaluate options based on different climate scenarios and systems, offering tailored guidance for various livestock types and regions.</p></div></div><i class="absolute right-8 fa-light fa-arrow-right lg:opacity-0 lg:transition-opacity lg:group-hover:opacity-100 bottom-6 text-2xl lg:text-3xl"></i> </a></article></div><div class=""><article class="transition relative pt-8 px-8 text-white group h-full pb-20 delay-200 duration-500" x-data="{ shown: false, }" x-intersect="shown = true" :class="{ 'translate-y-0 opacity-100': shown, 'translate-y-10 opacity-0': !shown }" x-cloak aria-labelledby="card-heading-1402151988" > <a href="https://climateanalytics.org/publications/overconfidence-in-climate-overshoot"><div class="absolute inset-0 -z-1 after:absolute after:inset-0 after:bg-black/40 lg:after:bg-transparent lg:after:bg-gradient-to-b lg:after:from-black/40 lg:group-hover:after:bg-black/40 lg:after:transition-colors"> <img width="600" height="399" srcset="https://ca1-clm.edcdn.com/masthead/_400xAUTO_crop_center-center_none/annie-spratt-JZfOkBZDoco-unsplash.jpg?v=1728486305 400w,https://ca1-clm.edcdn.com/masthead/_800xAUTO_crop_center-center_none/annie-spratt-JZfOkBZDoco-unsplash.jpg?v=1728486156 800w" sizes="(min-width: 640px) 50vw,(min-width: 1280px) 33.33vw,100vw" src="https://ca1-clm.edcdn.com/masthead/_600xAUTO_crop_center-center_none/annie-spratt-JZfOkBZDoco-unsplash.jpg?v=1728486305" alt="" class="w-full h-full object-cover bg-gray-100" style="object-position: 50% 50%" crossorigin loading="lazy"></div><div class="space-y-4"><h2 id="card-heading-1402151988" class="font-bold text-lg lg:text-xl xl:text-2xl"> Overconfidence in climate overshoot</h2><div class="lg:opacity-0 lg:transition-opacity lg:group-hover:opacity-100 lg:text-sm 2xl:text-base"><p>Even if it is possible to reverse the rise of global temperatures after a temporary overshoot of 1.5°C, some climate damages triggered at peak warming, including rising sea levels, will be irreversible, according to a new study published today in <i>Nature.</i></p></div></div><i class="absolute right-8 fa-light fa-arrow-right lg:opacity-0 lg:transition-opacity lg:group-hover:opacity-100 bottom-6 text-2xl lg:text-3xl"></i> </a></article></div></div></div><div class="swiper-slide"><div class="grid grid-cols-1 gap-y-8 lg:grid-cols-2 lg:gap-8"><div class="row-span-2"><article class="transition relative pt-8 px-8 text-white group h-full pb-20 delay-200 duration-500" x-data="{ shown: false, }" x-intersect="shown = true" :class="{ 'translate-y-0 opacity-100': shown, 'translate-y-10 opacity-0': !shown }" x-cloak aria-labelledby="card-heading-258110809" > <a href="https://climateanalytics.org/publications/calculating-the-loss-and-damage-finance-gap-a-scoping-and-feasibility-exercise"><div class="absolute inset-0 -z-1 after:absolute after:inset-0 after:bg-black/40 lg:after:bg-transparent lg:after:bg-gradient-to-b lg:after:from-black/40 lg:group-hover:after:bg-black/40 lg:after:transition-colors"> <img width="600" height="450" srcset="https://ca1-clm.edcdn.com/masthead/_400xAUTO_crop_center-center_none/pexels-macshamim-14673884.jpg?v=1728470182%2C0.1866%2C0.5121 400w,https://ca1-clm.edcdn.com/masthead/_800xAUTO_crop_center-center_none/pexels-macshamim-14673884.jpg?v=1728469993%2C0.1866%2C0.5121 800w" sizes="(min-width: 640px) 50vw,(min-width: 1280px) 33.33vw,100vw" src="https://ca1-clm.edcdn.com/masthead/_600xAUTO_crop_center-center_none/pexels-macshamim-14673884.jpg?v=1728470182%2C0.1866%2C0.5121" alt="Bangladesh. Pexels macshamim 14673884" class="w-full h-full object-cover bg-gray-100" style="object-position: 18.66% 51.21%" crossorigin loading="lazy"></div><div class="space-y-4"><h2 id="card-heading-258110809" class="font-bold text-lg lg:text-xl xl:text-2xl"> Calculating the loss and damage finance gap: a scoping and feasibility exercise</h2><div class="lg:opacity-0 lg:transition-opacity lg:group-hover:opacity-100 lg:text-sm 2xl:text-base"><p>At COP28, delegates agreed to operationalise a fund to compensate vulnerable countries coping with loss and damage caused by climate change. This report proposes a method for how to calculate how much finance the Global South needs for loss and damage.</p></div></div><i class="absolute right-8 fa-light fa-arrow-right lg:opacity-0 lg:transition-opacity lg:group-hover:opacity-100 bottom-6 text-2xl lg:text-3xl"></i> </a></article></div><div class=""><article class="transition relative pt-8 px-8 text-white group h-full pb-20 delay-200 duration-500" x-data="{ shown: false, }" x-intersect="shown = true" :class="{ 'translate-y-0 opacity-100': shown, 'translate-y-10 opacity-0': !shown }" x-cloak aria-labelledby="card-heading-149239882" > <a href="https://climateanalytics.org/publications/economic-and-non-economic-loss-and-damage-a-harmful-dichotomy"><div class="absolute inset-0 -z-1 after:absolute after:inset-0 after:bg-black/40 lg:after:bg-transparent lg:after:bg-gradient-to-b lg:after:from-black/40 lg:group-hover:after:bg-black/40 lg:after:transition-colors"> <img width="600" height="450" srcset="https://ca1-clm.edcdn.com/masthead/_400xAUTO_crop_center-center_none/yoda-adaman-8wuOLdN77A4-unsplash.jpg?v=1728395522 400w,https://ca1-clm.edcdn.com/masthead/_800xAUTO_crop_center-center_none/yoda-adaman-8wuOLdN77A4-unsplash.jpg?v=1728395361 800w" sizes="(min-width: 640px) 50vw,(min-width: 1280px) 33.33vw,100vw" src="https://ca1-clm.edcdn.com/masthead/_600xAUTO_crop_center-center_none/yoda-adaman-8wuOLdN77A4-unsplash.jpg?v=1728395522" alt="" class="w-full h-full object-cover bg-gray-100" style="object-position: 50% 50%" crossorigin loading="lazy"></div><div class="space-y-4"><h2 id="card-heading-149239882" class="font-bold text-lg lg:text-xl xl:text-2xl"> Economic and non-economic loss and damage: a harmful dichotomy?</h2><div class="lg:opacity-0 lg:transition-opacity lg:group-hover:opacity-100 lg:text-sm 2xl:text-base"><p>Loss and damage is treated as comprising separate ‘economic’ and ‘non-economic’ dimensions. This commentary argues that the two are inextricably linked and applied research should account for the multifaceted and cascading nature of loss and damage.</p></div></div><i class="absolute right-8 fa-light fa-arrow-right lg:opacity-0 lg:transition-opacity lg:group-hover:opacity-100 bottom-6 text-2xl lg:text-3xl"></i> </a></article></div><div class=""><article class="transition relative pt-8 px-8 text-white group h-full pb-20 delay-200 duration-500" x-data="{ shown: false, }" x-intersect="shown = true" :class="{ 'translate-y-0 opacity-100': shown, 'translate-y-10 opacity-0': !shown }" x-cloak aria-labelledby="card-heading-2101730652" > <a href="https://climateanalytics.org/publications/solar-geoengineering-a-note-to-inform-discussions-on-physical-climate-impacts-risks-and-governance-issues"><div class="absolute inset-0 -z-1 after:absolute after:inset-0 after:bg-black/40 lg:after:bg-transparent lg:after:bg-gradient-to-b lg:after:from-black/40 lg:group-hover:after:bg-black/40 lg:after:transition-colors"> <img width="600" height="800" srcset="https://ca1-clm.edcdn.com/masthead/_400xAUTO_crop_center-center_none/stacey-koenitz-kSY5T6js2KE-unsplash.jpg?v=1726646165 400w,https://ca1-clm.edcdn.com/masthead/_800xAUTO_crop_center-center_none/stacey-koenitz-kSY5T6js2KE-unsplash.jpg?v=1726581780 800w" sizes="(min-width: 640px) 50vw,(min-width: 1280px) 33.33vw,100vw" src="https://ca1-clm.edcdn.com/masthead/_600xAUTO_crop_center-center_none/stacey-koenitz-kSY5T6js2KE-unsplash.jpg?v=1726646165" alt="" class="w-full h-full object-cover bg-gray-100" style="object-position: 50% 50%" crossorigin loading="lazy"></div><div class="space-y-4"><h2 id="card-heading-2101730652" class="font-bold text-lg lg:text-xl xl:text-2xl"> Solar geoengineering: a note to inform discussions on physical climate impacts, risks and governance issues</h2><div class="lg:opacity-0 lg:transition-opacity lg:group-hover:opacity-100 lg:text-sm 2xl:text-base"><p>With international efforts on climate action still not on track to limit warming to 1.5°C, technological fixes that aim to intentionally alter the Earth’s climate, such as solar geoengineering, might seem like appealing options for tackling global warming. But they come with questions in terms of feasibility, impacts and risks, governance and geopolitics, and who may or may not benefit.</p></div></div><i class="absolute right-8 fa-light fa-arrow-right lg:opacity-0 lg:transition-opacity lg:group-hover:opacity-100 bottom-6 text-2xl lg:text-3xl"></i> </a></article></div></div></div><div class="swiper-slide"><div class="grid grid-cols-1 gap-y-8 lg:grid-cols-2 lg:gap-8"><div class="row-span-2"><article class="transition relative pt-8 px-8 text-white group h-full pb-20 delay-200 duration-500" x-data="{ shown: false, }" x-intersect="shown = true" :class="{ 'translate-y-0 opacity-100': shown, 'translate-y-10 opacity-0': !shown }" x-cloak aria-labelledby="card-heading-832805608" > <a href="https://climateanalytics.org/publications/technical-guide-for-the-development-of-long-term-low-emission-development-strategies-in-africa"><div class="absolute inset-0 -z-1 after:absolute after:inset-0 after:bg-black/40 lg:after:bg-transparent lg:after:bg-gradient-to-b lg:after:from-black/40 lg:group-hover:after:bg-black/40 lg:after:transition-colors"> <img width="600" height="338" srcset="https://ca1-clm.edcdn.com/masthead/_400xAUTO_crop_center-center_none/tshedza-muvhango-z-zmEambec0-unsplash.jpg?v=1730305332%2C0.5%2C0.2795 400w,https://ca1-clm.edcdn.com/masthead/_800xAUTO_crop_center-center_none/tshedza-muvhango-z-zmEambec0-unsplash.jpg?v=1730304796%2C0.5%2C0.2795 800w" sizes="(min-width: 640px) 50vw,(min-width: 1280px) 33.33vw,100vw" src="https://ca1-clm.edcdn.com/masthead/_600xAUTO_crop_center-center_none/tshedza-muvhango-z-zmEambec0-unsplash.jpg?v=1730305332%2C0.5%2C0.2795" alt="" class="w-full h-full object-cover bg-gray-100" style="object-position: 50% 27.95%" crossorigin loading="lazy"></div><div class="space-y-4"><h2 id="card-heading-832805608" class="font-bold text-lg lg:text-xl xl:text-2xl"> Technical guide for the development of long-term low emission development strategies in Africa</h2><div class="lg:opacity-0 lg:transition-opacity lg:group-hover:opacity-100 lg:text-sm 2xl:text-base"><p>This technical guide proposes concrete steps and actions to help African countries develop strong, high-performing Long-Term Low Emission and Climate Resilient Development Strategies that chart a low-emission development path, build resilience, encourage innovation, and create new opportunities for green growth.</p></div></div><i class="absolute right-8 fa-light fa-arrow-right lg:opacity-0 lg:transition-opacity lg:group-hover:opacity-100 bottom-6 text-2xl lg:text-3xl"></i> </a></article></div><div class=""><article class="transition relative pt-8 px-8 text-white group h-full pb-20 delay-200 duration-500" x-data="{ shown: false, }" x-intersect="shown = true" :class="{ 'translate-y-0 opacity-100': shown, 'translate-y-10 opacity-0': !shown }" x-cloak aria-labelledby="card-heading-1450893602" > <a href="https://climateanalytics.org/publications/how-can-event-attribution-science-underpin-financial-decisions-on-loss-and-damage"><div class="absolute inset-0 -z-1 after:absolute after:inset-0 after:bg-black/40 lg:after:bg-transparent lg:after:bg-gradient-to-b lg:after:from-black/40 lg:group-hover:after:bg-black/40 lg:after:transition-colors"> <img width="600" height="338" srcset="https://ca1-clm.edcdn.com/masthead/_400xAUTO_crop_center-center_none/matt-howard-eAKDzK4lo4o-unsplash.jpg?v=1724768219 400w,https://ca1-clm.edcdn.com/masthead/_800xAUTO_crop_center-center_none/matt-howard-eAKDzK4lo4o-unsplash.jpg?v=1724767553 800w" sizes="(min-width: 640px) 50vw,(min-width: 1280px) 33.33vw,100vw" src="https://ca1-clm.edcdn.com/masthead/_600xAUTO_crop_center-center_none/matt-howard-eAKDzK4lo4o-unsplash.jpg?v=1724768219" alt="" class="w-full h-full object-cover bg-gray-100" style="object-position: 50% 50%" crossorigin loading="lazy"></div><div class="space-y-4"><h2 id="card-heading-1450893602" class="font-bold text-lg lg:text-xl xl:text-2xl"> How can event attribution science underpin financial decisions on Loss and Damage?</h2><div class="lg:opacity-0 lg:transition-opacity lg:group-hover:opacity-100 lg:text-sm 2xl:text-base"><p>With climate extremes hitting nations across the globe, disproportionately burdening vulnerable developing countries, funding for loss and damage is an acute need. Attribution science can provide useful information for decision makers.</p></div></div><i class="absolute right-8 fa-light fa-arrow-right lg:opacity-0 lg:transition-opacity lg:group-hover:opacity-100 bottom-6 text-2xl lg:text-3xl"></i> </a></article></div><div class=""><article class="transition relative pt-8 px-8 text-white group h-full pb-20 delay-200 duration-500" x-data="{ shown: false, }" x-intersect="shown = true" :class="{ 'translate-y-0 opacity-100': shown, 'translate-y-10 opacity-0': !shown }" x-cloak aria-labelledby="card-heading-1225971717" > <a href="https://climateanalytics.org/publications/achieving-net-zero-greenhouse-gas-emissions-critical-to-limit-climate-tipping-risks"><div class="absolute inset-0 -z-1 after:absolute after:inset-0 after:bg-black/40 lg:after:bg-transparent lg:after:bg-gradient-to-b lg:after:from-black/40 lg:group-hover:after:bg-black/40 lg:after:transition-colors"> <img width="600" height="425" srcset="https://ca1-clm.edcdn.com/masthead/_400xAUTO_crop_center-center_none/usgs-9Ej97rGUlQk-unsplash.jpg?v=1722515029 400w,https://ca1-clm.edcdn.com/masthead/_800xAUTO_crop_center-center_none/usgs-9Ej97rGUlQk-unsplash.jpg?v=1722507076 800w" sizes="(min-width: 640px) 50vw,(min-width: 1280px) 33.33vw,100vw" src="https://ca1-clm.edcdn.com/masthead/_600xAUTO_crop_center-center_none/usgs-9Ej97rGUlQk-unsplash.jpg?v=1722515029" alt="" class="w-full h-full object-cover bg-gray-100" style="object-position: 50% 50%" crossorigin loading="lazy"></div><div class="space-y-4"><h2 id="card-heading-1225971717" class="font-bold text-lg lg:text-xl xl:text-2xl"> Achieving net zero greenhouse gas emissions critical to limit climate tipping risks</h2><div class="lg:opacity-0 lg:transition-opacity lg:group-hover:opacity-100 lg:text-sm 2xl:text-base"><p>Current climate policies are putting Earth on a path to a high risk of triggering climatic tipping points – even if temperatures return to below 1.5°C of global warming after a period of overshoot. A new study finds that the risk of crossing these thresholds increases with every additional 0.1 °C of overshoot above 1.5 °C and strongly accelerates above 2.0 °C. These risks can be minimised if stringent emissions reductions are taken in the next decade, and net zero greenhouse gas emissions are met and maintained.</p></div></div><i class="absolute right-8 fa-light fa-arrow-right lg:opacity-0 lg:transition-opacity lg:group-hover:opacity-100 bottom-6 text-2xl lg:text-3xl"></i> </a></article></div></div></div></div><div class="swiper-pagination absolute bottom-0 swiper-pagination lg:top-0 lg:right-0 lg:bottom-auto lg:left-auto lg:w-auto"></div><div class="swiper-prev transition duration-300 cursor-pointer"></div><div class="swiper-next transition duration-300 cursor-pointer"></div></div></div></div></div></div></article></main></div><aside class="relative py-12 bg-primary text-white overflow-hidden"><div class="relative container z-10"><div class="grid grid-cols-1 gap-y-6 lg:grid-cols-2 lg:gap-x-12 lg:gap-y-0"><div class="grid grid-cols-1 gap-y-6 lg:max-w-[500px] lg:gap-y-12"> <img width="140" height="36" src="https://ia1-clm.edcdn.com/dist/images/interface/logo-white.svg" alt="Climate Analytics" class="block mb-4 w-56 lg:mb-0 lg:w-64" crossorigin loading="lazy" ><div class="lg:grid lg:grid-cols-1 lg:gap-y-6"><div class="hidden text-2xl font-bold lg:block"><p>Delivering cutting-edge science, analysis and support to accelerate climate action and keep warming below 1.5°C.</p></div><div> <a href="tel:+4930259229520" class="block text-lg"> +49 30 259229520 </a><a href="mailto:contact@climateanalytics.org" class="block text-lg"> contact@climateanalytics.org </a></div></div><ul class="flex space-x-3 unstyled lg:hidden"><li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/ClimateAnalytics" class="text-4xl" rel="external" title="Facebook"><i class="fab fa-facebook"></i></a></li><li><a href="https://twitter.com/ca_latest" class="text-4xl" rel="external" title="Twitter"><i class="fab fa-x-twitter"></i></a></li><li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/climate-analytics-ggmbh" class="text-4xl" rel="external" title="LinkedIn"><i class="fab fa-linkedin"></i></a></li></ul><div class="grid grid-cols-1 gap-y-6 text-lg"><p class="font-bold">Sign up to our mailing list</p><form action="https://climateanalytics.us12.list-manage.com/subscribe/post?u=9e4cf5c69a12b67305cea7da4&id=85e903aa7a&f_id=00c9bfe0f0" method="post" target="_blank" novalidate > <input type="text" name="b_9e4cf5c69a12b67305cea7da4_85e903aa7a" tabindex="-1" value="" class="sr-only" ><label for="mce-EMAIL" class="sr-only">Email address</label><div class="flex space-x-4"> <input type="email" name="EMAIL" placeholder="Email address" id="mce-EMAIL" class="px-3 grow text-sm text-black" required ><button type="submit" class="inline-block transition duration-200 ease-linear rounded-xl text-center bg-green text-white hover:bg-green-darker px-4 py-3">Sign up</button></div></form><p class="text-xs"> By signing up for our newsletter you agree to our <a href="https://climateanalytics.org/terms" class="underline">Ts & Cs</a> and <a href="https://climateanalytics.org/privacy-statement" class="underline">Privacy Policy</a></p></div></div><div class="hidden flex-col space-y-6 lg:flex"><div class="flex items-center justify-between"><p class="text-2xl font-bold">Join the conversation...</p><ul class="flex space-x-3 unstyled"><li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/ClimateAnalytics" class="text-4xl" rel="external" title="Facebook"><i class="fab fa-facebook"></i></a></li><li><a href="https://twitter.com/ca_latest" class="text-4xl" rel="external" title="Twitter"><i class="fab fa-x-twitter"></i></a></li><li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/climate-analytics-ggmbh" class="text-4xl" rel="external" title="LinkedIn"><i class="fab fa-linkedin"></i></a></li></ul></div><div class="relative grow"><div class="absolute inset-0 overflow-y-auto"> <a class="twitter-timeline" href="https://twitter.com/CA_Latest?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw">Tweets by CA_Latest</a> <script async src="https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js" charset="utf-8"></script> </div></div></div></div></div><img width="393" height="746" src="https://ia1-clm.edcdn.com/dist/images/interface/ancillary-background.svg" alt="Climate Analytics" class="absolute top-1/2 left-1/2 -translate-x-1/2 -translate-y-1/2 w-[150%] h-[150%] object-cover object-center lg:right-0 lg:translate-x-0 lg:w-auto lg:h-[150%] lg:object-contain" crossorigin loading="lazy" ></aside><footer class="sticky top-[100vh] bg-gray-50 pt-6 pb-[5.5rem] lg:py-8"><div class="container"><div class="grid gap-6 lg:gap-10 lg:grid-flow-col lg:items-center lg:justify-between"><div class="text-center lg:text-left"><p class="text-gray-700"> <small class="text-sm"> Copyright © 2024 Climate Analytics. 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Climate Analytics | A review of loss and damage in the Caribbean…