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href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-Christian_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-Christian_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Pre-Christian history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-Christian_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scallop_symbol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scallop_symbol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Scallop symbol</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scallop_symbol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medieval_route_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medieval_route_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Medieval route history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medieval_route_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_official_guide_book" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_official_guide_book"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>First official guide book</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_official_guide_book-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legends_of_the_discovery_of_the_Tomb_of_St._James" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legends_of_the_discovery_of_the_Tomb_of_St._James"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>Legends of the discovery of the Tomb of St. James</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legends_of_the_discovery_of_the_Tomb_of_St._James-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pilgrimage_as_penance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pilgrimage_as_penance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Pilgrimage as penance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pilgrimage_as_penance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enlightenment_era" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enlightenment_era"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Enlightenment era</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enlightenment_era-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern-day_pilgrimage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern-day_pilgrimage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Modern-day pilgrimage</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Modern-day_pilgrimage-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Modern-day pilgrimage subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Modern-day_pilgrimage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Routes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Routes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Routes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Routes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accommodation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accommodation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Accommodation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accommodation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Credencial_or_pilgrim's_passport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Credencial_or_pilgrim's_passport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span><i>Credencial</i> or pilgrim's passport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Credencial_or_pilgrim's_passport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Compostela" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compostela"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span><i>Compostela</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compostela-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pilgrim's_Mass" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pilgrim's_Mass"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Pilgrim's Mass</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pilgrim's_Mass-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pilgrimage_as_tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pilgrimage_as_tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Pilgrimage as tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pilgrimage_as_tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_film,_television_&_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_film,_television_&_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>In film, television & literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_film,_television_&_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selected_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selected_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Selected literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Selected_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Camino de Santiago</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 68 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-68" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">68 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakobsweg" title="Jakobsweg – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Jakobsweg" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakobsweg" title="Jakobsweg – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Jakobsweg" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82_%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%AA_%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A8" title="طريق شنت ياقب – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="طريق شنت ياقب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cam%C3%ADn_de_Sant_Chaime" title="Camín de Sant Chaime – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Camín de Sant Chaime" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cam%C3%ADn_de_Santiago" title="Camín de Santiago – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Camín de Santiago" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%85_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D0%AF%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Шлях Святога Якава – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Шлях Святога Якава" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%8A%D1%82_%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%B3%D0%BE" title="Път към Сантяго – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Път към Сантяго" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hent_Sant_Jakez" title="Hent Sant Jakez – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Hent Sant Jakez" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cam%C3%AD_de_Sant_Jaume" title="Camí de Sant Jaume – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Camí de Sant Jaume" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svatojakubsk%C3%A1_cesta" title="Svatojakubská cesta – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Svatojakubská cesta" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camino_de_Santiago" title="Camino de Santiago – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Camino de Santiago" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakobsvejen" title="Jakobsvejen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jakobsvejen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakobsweg" title="Jakobsweg – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jakobsweg" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%B4%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%AE_%CE%91%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%99%CE%B1%CE%BA%CF%8E%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%85_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AD%CE%BB%CE%B1" title="Διαδρομή Αγίου Ιακώβου της Κομποστέλα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Διαδρομή Αγίου Ιακώβου της Κομποστέλα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camino_de_Santiago" title="Camino de Santiago – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Camino de Santiago" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakoba_Vojo" title="Jakoba Vojo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jakoba Vojo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caminu_de_Santiagu" title="Caminu de Santiagu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Caminu de Santiagu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donejakue_bidea" title="Donejakue bidea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Donejakue bidea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88_%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%AF%D9%88" title="کامینو د سانتیاگو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کامینو د سانتیاگو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A8lerinage_de_Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle" title="Pèlerinage de Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pèlerinage de Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cjamin_di_Sant_Jacum" title="Cjamin di Sant Jacum – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Cjamin di Sant Jacum" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camino_de_Santiago" title="Camino de Santiago – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Camino de Santiago" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cami%C3%B1o_de_Santiago" title="Camiño de Santiago – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Camiño de Santiago" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%AF%B8%EB%85%B8%EB%8D%B0%EC%82%B0%ED%8B%B0%EC%95%84%EA%B3%A0" title="카미노데산티아고 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카미노데산티아고" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A2_%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B8%D5%A2%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%AB_%D5%B3%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B0" title="Սուրբ Հակոբոսի ճանապարհ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սուրբ Հակոբոսի ճանապարհ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97" title="सेन्ट जेम्स का मार्ग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सेन्ट जेम्स का मार्ग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Put_Svetog_Jakova" title="Put Svetog Jakova – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Put Svetog Jakova" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camino_de_Santiago" title="Camino de Santiago – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Camino de Santiago" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cammino_de_Santiago" title="Cammino de Santiago – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Cammino de Santiago" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakobsvegurinn" title="Jakobsvegurinn – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jakobsvegurinn" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cammino_di_Santiago_di_Compostela" title="Cammino di Santiago di Compostela – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cammino di Santiago di Compostela" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%9A_%D7%A1%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99%D7%90%D7%92%D7%95" title="דרך סנטיאגו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דרך סנטיאגו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AC%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90_%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%92%E1%83%96%E1%83%90" title="წმინდა იაკობის გზა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="წმინდა იაკობის გზა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stegna_sw._Jak%C3%B9ba" title="Stegna sw. Jakùba – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Stegna sw. Jakùba" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peregrinatio_Compostellana" title="Peregrinatio Compostellana – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Peregrinatio Compostellana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sv%C4%93t%C4%81_J%C4%93kaba_ce%C4%BC%C5%A1" title="Svētā Jēkaba ceļš – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Svētā Jēkaba ceļš" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakobswee" title="Jakobswee – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Jakobswee" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0v._Jok%C5%ABbo_kelias" title="Šv. Jokūbo kelias – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šv. Jokūbo kelias" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szent_Jakab-%C3%BAt" title="Szent Jakab-út – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szent Jakab-út" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8B_%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8B" title="കാമിനോ ഡി സാൻറിയാഗോ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാമിനോ ഡി സാൻറിയാഗോ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pellegrina%C4%A1%C4%A1_ta%27_San_%C4%A0akbu" title="Pellegrinaġġ ta' San Ġakbu – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Pellegrinaġġ ta' San Ġakbu" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelgrimsroute_naar_Santiago_de_Compostella" title="Pelgrimsroute naar Santiago de Compostella – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pelgrimsroute naar Santiago de Compostella" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B4%E3%83%BB%E3%83%87%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9D%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A9%E3%81%AE%E5%B7%A1%E7%A4%BC%E8%B7%AF" title="サンティアゴ・デ・コンポステーラの巡礼路 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サンティアゴ・デ・コンポステーラの巡礼路" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilegrimsveien_til_Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Pilegrimsveien til Santiago de Compostela – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pilegrimsveien til Santiago de Compostela" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camin_de_Sant_Jaume" title="Camin de Sant Jaume – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Camin de Sant Jaume" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%9F_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B9" title="ਸੇਂਟ ਜੇਮਜ਼ ਦਾ ਰਾਹ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੇਂਟ ਜੇਮਜ਼ ਦਾ ਰਾਹ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%B9_%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B3_%D8%AF%D8%A7_%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%81" title="سینٹ جیمس دا رستہ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سینٹ جیمس دا رستہ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droga_%C5%9Bw._Jakuba" title="Droga św. Jakuba – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Droga św. Jakuba" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caminhos_de_Santiago" title="Caminhos de Santiago – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Caminhos de Santiago" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drumul_Sf%C3%A2ntului_Iacob" title="Drumul Sfântului Iacob – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Drumul Sfântului Iacob" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D1%8C_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%98%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Путь Святого Иакова – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Путь Святого Иакова" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Way_of_St._James" title="Way of St. James – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Way of St. James" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trasa_p%C3%BAtnikov_do_Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Trasa pútnikov do Santiago de Compostela – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Trasa pútnikov do Santiago de Compostela" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakobova_pot" title="Jakobova pot – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jakobova pot" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE" title="Пут за Сантијаго – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пут за Сантијаго" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Put_svetog_Jakova" title="Put svetog Jakova – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Put svetog Jakova" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyh%C3%A4n_Jaakobin_pyhiinvaellusreitti" title="Pyhän Jaakobin pyhiinvaellusreitti – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pyhän Jaakobin pyhiinvaellusreitti" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakobsleden" title="Jakobsleden – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jakobsleden" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A" title="เส้นทางนักบุญยากอบ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เส้นทางนักบุญยากอบ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camino_de_Santiago" title="Camino de Santiago – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Camino de Santiago" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%85_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%AF%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Шлях святого Якова – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шлях святого Якова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%B9_%D8%AC%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B3_%DA%A9%D8%A7_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%81" title="سینٹ جیمس کا راستہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سینٹ جیمس کا راستہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_h%C3%A0nh_h%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Đường hành hương Santiago de Compostela – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đường hành hương Santiago de Compostela" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voye_a_Sint-Dj%C3%A5ke-el-Galice" title="Voye a Sint-Djåke-el-Galice – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Voye a Sint-Djåke-el-Galice" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camino_de_Santiago" title="Camino de Santiago – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Camino de Santiago" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF" title="圣雅各之路 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="圣雅各之路" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%9C%B0%E4%BA%9E%E5%93%A5%E6%9C%9D%E8%81%96%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF" title="聖地亞哥朝聖之路 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="聖地亞哥朝聖之路" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E9%9B%85%E5%90%84%E4%B9%8B%E8%B7%AF" title="聖雅各之路 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="聖雅各之路" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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.mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the documentary, see <a href="/wiki/El_camino_de_Santiago_(film)" title="El camino de Santiago (film)"><i>El camino de Santiago</i> (film)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="font-size:125%; text-align:center">Camino de Santiago</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ways_of_St._James_in_Europe.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Ways_of_St._James_in_Europe.png/250px-Ways_of_St._James_in_Europe.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Ways_of_St._James_in_Europe.png/375px-Ways_of_St._James_in_Europe.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Ways_of_St._James_in_Europe.png/500px-Ways_of_St._James_in_Europe.png 2x" data-file-width="2955" data-file-height="2080" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Map of the Way of St. James in Europe</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pilgrims%27_way" title="Pilgrims' way">Pilgrims' way</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="border:4px solid #0177D3; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Routes_of_Santiago_de_Compostela:_Camino_Franc%C3%A9s_and_Routes_of_Northern_Spain" title="Routes of Santiago de Compostela: Camino Francés and Routes of Northern Spain">Routes of Santiago de Compostela: Camino Francés and Routes of Northern Spain</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site#Selection_criteria" title="World Heritage Site">Criteria</a></th><td class="infobox-data category">Cultural: (ii)(iv)(vi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Reference</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/669bis">669bis</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Inscription</th><td class="infobox-data">1993 (17th <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">Session</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Extensions</th><td class="infobox-data">2018</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Buffer zone</th><td class="infobox-data category">16,286 ha (62.88 sq mi)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151960987"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="border:4px solid #0177D3; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Routes_of_Santiago_de_Compostela_in_France" title="Routes of Santiago de Compostela in France">Routes of Santiago de Compostela in France</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site#Selection_criteria" title="World Heritage Site">Criteria</a></th><td class="infobox-data category">Cultural: (ii)(iv)(vi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Reference</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/868">868</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Inscription</th><td class="infobox-data">1998 (22nd <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">Session</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Area</th><td class="infobox-data category">97.21 ha (0.3753 sq mi)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Camino de Santiago</b> (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Peregrinatio Compostellana</i>, <abbr style="font-size:85%" title="literal translation">lit.</abbr><span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">Pilgrimage of Compostela</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>; <a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a>: <i lang="gl">O Camiño de Santiago</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or in English the <b>Way of St. James</b>, is a network of <a href="/wiki/Pilgrims%27_way" title="Pilgrims' way">pilgrims' ways</a> or <a href="/wiki/Pilgrimage" title="Pilgrimage">pilgrimages</a> leading to the shrine of the <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Apostles" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelve Apostles">apostle</a> <a href="/wiki/James,_son_of_Zebedee" class="mw-redirect" title="James, son of Zebedee">James</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Santiago_de_Compostela" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela">cathedral of Santiago de Compostela</a> in <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a> in northwestern <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, where tradition holds that the remains of the apostle are buried. </p><p>As <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a> said, "It is a way sown with so many demonstrations of fervour, repentance, hospitality, art and culture which speak to us eloquently of the spiritual roots of the Old Continent."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many still follow its routes as a form of spiritual path or retreat for their spiritual growth. It is also popular with hikers, cyclists, and organized tour groups. </p><p>Created and established after the discovery of the relics of Saint James the Great at the beginning of the 9th century, the Way of St. James became a major pilgrimage route of <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Christianity in the Middle Ages">medieval Christianity</a> from the 10th century onwards. But it was only after the <a href="/wiki/Granada_War#Last_stand_at_Granada" title="Granada War">end of the Granada War in 1492</a>, under the reign of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Monarchs_of_Spain" title="Catholic Monarchs of Spain">Catholic Monarchs</a> <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon" title="Ferdinand II of Aragon">Ferdinand II of Aragon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isabella_I_of_Castile" title="Isabella I of Castile">Isabella I of Castile</a>, that <a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_VI" title="Pope Alexander VI">Pope Alexander VI</a> officially declared the Camino de Santiago to be one of the "three great pilgrimages of <a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christendom</a>", along with Jerusalem and the <i><a href="/wiki/Via_Francigena" title="Via Francigena">Via Francigena</a></i> to Rome. </p><p>In 1987, the Camino, which encompasses several routes in Spain, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, and Portugal, was declared the first <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Route_of_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Cultural Route of the Council of Europe">Cultural Route of the Council of Europe</a>. Since 2013, the Camino has attracted more than 200,000 pilgrims each year, with an annual growth rate of more than 10 percent. Pilgrims come mainly on foot and often from nearby cities, requiring several days of walking to reach Santiago. The <a href="/wiki/French_Way" title="French Way">French Way</a> gathers two-thirds of the walkers, but other minor routes are experiencing a growth in popularity. <a href="/wiki/Routes_of_Santiago_de_Compostela:_Camino_Franc%C3%A9s_and_Routes_of_Northern_Spain" title="Routes of Santiago de Compostela: Camino Francés and Routes of Northern Spain">The French Way and the Northern routes in Spain</a> were inscribed on the <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_List" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage List">World Heritage List</a>, followed by the <a href="/wiki/Routes_of_Santiago_de_Compostela_in_France" title="Routes of Santiago de Compostela in France">routes in France</a> in 1998, because of their historical significance for Christianity as a major pilgrimage route and their testimony to the exchange of ideas and cultures across the routes.<sup id="cite_ref-unesco1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-unesco2_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-unesco2-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Major_Christian_pilgrimage_route">Major Christian pilgrimage route</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camino_de_Santiago&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Major Christian pilgrimage route"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:213px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Santiago_cathedral_2021_Sunset.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Santiago_cathedral_2021_Sunset.jpg/142px-Santiago_cathedral_2021_Sunset.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Santiago_cathedral_2021_Sunset.jpg/213px-Santiago_cathedral_2021_Sunset.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Santiago_cathedral_2021_Sunset.jpg/284px-Santiago_cathedral_2021_Sunset.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3175" data-file-height="4763" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">The Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:144px;max-width:144px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:213px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Catedral,_Santiago_de_Compostela,_Espa%C3%B1a,_2015-09-22,_DD_08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Catedral%2C_Santiago_de_Compostela%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2015-09-22%2C_DD_08.jpg/142px-Catedral%2C_Santiago_de_Compostela%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2015-09-22%2C_DD_08.jpg" decoding="async" width="142" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Catedral%2C_Santiago_de_Compostela%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2015-09-22%2C_DD_08.jpg/213px-Catedral%2C_Santiago_de_Compostela%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2015-09-22%2C_DD_08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Catedral%2C_Santiago_de_Compostela%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2015-09-22%2C_DD_08.jpg/284px-Catedral%2C_Santiago_de_Compostela%2C_Espa%C3%B1a%2C_2015-09-22%2C_DD_08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2852" data-file-height="4278" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">The reliquary of Saint James in the Cathedral of Santiago</div></div></div></div></div> <p>The Way of St. James was one of the most important <a href="/wiki/Christian_pilgrimage" title="Christian pilgrimage">Christian pilgrimages</a> during the later <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, and a pilgrimage route on which a <a href="/wiki/Plenary_indulgence" class="mw-redirect" title="Plenary indulgence">plenary indulgence</a> could be earned;<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> other major pilgrimage routes include the <a href="/wiki/Via_Francigena" title="Via Francigena">Via Francigena</a> to <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> and the pilgrimage to <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_in_Christianity" title="Jerusalem in Christianity">Jerusalem</a>. Legend holds that <a href="/wiki/James,_son_of_Zebedee" class="mw-redirect" title="James, son of Zebedee">St James</a>'s remains were carried by boat from Jerusalem to northern Spain, where he was buried in what is now the city of <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (according to Spanish legends, Saint James had spent time preaching the gospel in Spain, but returned to Judaea upon seeing a vision of the Virgin Mary on the bank of the <a href="/wiki/Ebro_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebro River">Ebro River</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-chadwick_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chadwick-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fletcher_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fletcher-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pilgrims on the Way can take one of dozens of pilgrimage routes to Santiago de Compostela. Traditionally, as with most pilgrimages, the Way of Saint James begins at one's home and ends at the pilgrimage site. However, a few of the routes are considered main ones. During the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, the route was highly travelled. However, the <a href="/wiki/Black_Death" title="Black Death">Black Death</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformation" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a>, and political unrest in 16th century Europe led to its decline. </p><p>Whenever St James's <a href="/wiki/Feast_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast Day">Day</a> (25 July) falls on a <a href="/wiki/Sunday" title="Sunday">Sunday</a>, the cathedral declares a Holy or <a href="/wiki/Jubilee_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jubilee (Christianity)">Jubilee</a> Year. Depending on leap years, Holy Years occur in 5-, 6-, and 11-year intervals. The most recent were 1993, 1999, 2004, 2010 and 2021. The next will be 2027, and 2032.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camino_de_Santiago&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-Christian_history">Pre-Christian history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camino_de_Santiago&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Pre-Christian history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hospital_de_%C3%93rbigo_(496110133).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Hospital_de_%C3%93rbigo_%28496110133%29.jpg/220px-Hospital_de_%C3%93rbigo_%28496110133%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Hospital_de_%C3%93rbigo_%28496110133%29.jpg/330px-Hospital_de_%C3%93rbigo_%28496110133%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Hospital_de_%C3%93rbigo_%28496110133%29.jpg/440px-Hospital_de_%C3%93rbigo_%28496110133%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1136" data-file-height="852" /></a><figcaption>Roman bridge with 19 arches over the river <a href="/wiki/%C3%93rbigo" title="Órbigo">Órbigo</a>. The bridge has been integrated into the modern Camino Francés.</figcaption></figure> <p>The main pilgrimage route to Santiago follows an earlier Roman trade route, which continues to the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic</a> coast of <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a>, ending at <a href="/wiki/Cape_Finisterre" title="Cape Finisterre">Cape Finisterre</a>. Although it is known today that Cape Finisterre, Spain's westernmost point, is not the westernmost point of Europe (<a href="/wiki/Cabo_da_Roca" title="Cabo da Roca">Cabo da Roca</a> in <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> is farther west), the fact that the Romans called it <i>Finisterrae</i> (literally the <i>end of the world</i> or <i>Land's End</i> in <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>) indicates that they viewed it as such. At night, the <a href="/wiki/Milky_Way" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a> overhead seems to point the way, so the route acquired the nickname "Voie lactée" – the Milky Way in French.<sup id="cite_ref-route_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-route-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scallop_symbol">Scallop symbol</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camino_de_Santiago&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Scallop symbol"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Shell_of_Saint_James" class="mw-redirect" title="Shell of Saint James">Shell of Saint James</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pilgrim%27s_hat" title="Pilgrim's hat">Pilgrim's hat</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:110px;max-width:110px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:172px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Spain_Leon_-_Santiago_Shell.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Spain_Leon_-_Santiago_Shell.jpg/108px-Spain_Leon_-_Santiago_Shell.jpg" decoding="async" width="108" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Spain_Leon_-_Santiago_Shell.jpg/162px-Spain_Leon_-_Santiago_Shell.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Spain_Leon_-_Santiago_Shell.jpg/216px-Spain_Leon_-_Santiago_Shell.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">St. James's shell, a symbol of the route, on a wall in <a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n,_Spain" title="León, Spain">León, Spain</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:178px;max-width:178px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:172px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Muszla_Jakuba.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Muszla_Jakuba.svg/176px-Muszla_Jakuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="176" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Muszla_Jakuba.svg/264px-Muszla_Jakuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Muszla_Jakuba.svg/352px-Muszla_Jakuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="607" data-file-height="593" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">A stylised scallop shell, the modern sign post of the Way</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:99px;max-width:99px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:140px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Navarrete_pavement_camino_marker.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Navarrete_pavement_camino_marker.jpg/97px-Navarrete_pavement_camino_marker.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Navarrete_pavement_camino_marker.jpg/146px-Navarrete_pavement_camino_marker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Navarrete_pavement_camino_marker.jpg/194px-Navarrete_pavement_camino_marker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="580" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">A marker indicating the route of the Way of St. James</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:189px;max-width:189px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:140px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vieira_Camino_de_Santiago.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Vieira_Camino_de_Santiago.jpg/187px-Vieira_Camino_de_Santiago.jpg" decoding="async" width="187" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Vieira_Camino_de_Santiago.jpg/281px-Vieira_Camino_de_Santiago.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Vieira_Camino_de_Santiago.jpg/374px-Vieira_Camino_de_Santiago.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Traditional St James pilgrim accessories</div></div></div></div></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Scallop" title="Scallop">scallop</a> shell, often found on the shores in Galicia, has long been the symbol of the Camino de Santiago. Over the centuries the scallop shell has taken on a variety of meanings, metaphorical, practical, and mythical, even if its relevance may have actually derived from the desire of pilgrims to take home a souvenir. </p><p>One myth says that after James's death, his body was transported by a ship piloted by an angel, back to the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a> to be buried in what is now <a href="/wiki/Libred%C3%B3n" title="Libredón">Libredón</a>. As the ship approached land, the wedding of the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Lupa" title="Queen Lupa">Queen Lupa</a> was taking place on shore.<sup id="cite_ref-Bahrami_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bahrami-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The young groom was on horseback, and, upon seeing the ship's approach, his horse got spooked, and horse and rider plunged into the sea. Through miraculous intervention, the horse and rider emerged from the water alive, covered in seashells.<sup id="cite_ref-Starkie_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Starkie-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 71">: 71 </span></sup> </p><p>From its connection to the Camino, the scallop shell came to represent pilgrimage, both to a specific shrine as well as to heaven, recalling Hebrews 11:13, identifying that Christians "are pilgrims and strangers on the earth".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The scallop shell symbol is used as a waymarker on the Camino, and is commonly seen on pilgrims themselves, who are thereby identified as pilgrims. During the medieval period, the shell was more a proof of completion than a symbol worn during the pilgrimage. <a href="/wiki/Pilgrim%27s_staff" title="Pilgrim's staff">The pilgrim's staff</a> is a walking stick used by some pilgrims on the way to the shrine of Santiago de Compostela in Spain.<sup id="cite_ref-navarra_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-navarra-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Generally, the stick has a hook so that something may be hung from it; it may have a crosspiece.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The usual form of representation is with a hook,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but in some the hook is absent.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pilgrim's staff is represented under different forms and is referred to using different names, e.g. a pilgrim's crutch, a crutch-staff. The crutch, perhaps, should be represented with the transverse piece on the top of the staff (like the letter "T") instead of across it.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medieval_route_history">Medieval route history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camino_de_Santiago&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Medieval route history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marker_Camino_de_Santiago.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Marker_Camino_de_Santiago.jpg/220px-Marker_Camino_de_Santiago.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Marker_Camino_de_Santiago.jpg/330px-Marker_Camino_de_Santiago.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Marker_Camino_de_Santiago.jpg/440px-Marker_Camino_de_Santiago.jpg 2x" data-file-width="591" data-file-height="623" /></a><figcaption>Marker of the Camino near the entrance to the <a href="/wiki/Taboada_Bridge" title="Taboada Bridge">Taboada Bridge</a>, a X-Century bridge located in the <a href="/wiki/Silleda" title="Silleda">Silleda Council</a> of <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Pontevedra" title="Province of Pontevedra">Pontevedra Province</a> in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>. The bridge is still used today by the pilgrims on their way to Santiago using the Silver Way (Vía de la Plata).</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:138px;max-width:138px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:195px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Othem_wall_paintings_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Othem_wall_paintings_04.jpg/136px-Othem_wall_paintings_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="136" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Othem_wall_paintings_04.jpg/204px-Othem_wall_paintings_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Othem_wall_paintings_04.jpg/272px-Othem_wall_paintings_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1328" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Saint James with his pilgrim's staff. The hat is typical, but he often wears his emblem, the scallop shell, on the front brim of the hat or elsewhere on his clothes</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:150px;max-width:150px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:195px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jakobsweg_-_Pilger_1568_-_Hurden_IMG_5664.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Jakobsweg_-_Pilger_1568_-_Hurden_IMG_5664.JPG/148px-Jakobsweg_-_Pilger_1568_-_Hurden_IMG_5664.JPG" decoding="async" width="148" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Jakobsweg_-_Pilger_1568_-_Hurden_IMG_5664.JPG/222px-Jakobsweg_-_Pilger_1568_-_Hurden_IMG_5664.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Jakobsweg_-_Pilger_1568_-_Hurden_IMG_5664.JPG/296px-Jakobsweg_-_Pilger_1568_-_Hurden_IMG_5664.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2452" data-file-height="3237" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Way of St. James pilgrims (1568)</div></div></div></div></div> <p>The earliest records of visits paid to the shrine at <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a> date from the 9th century, in the time of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Asturias" title="Kingdom of Asturias">Kingdom of Asturias</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia" title="Kingdom of Galicia">Galicia</a>. The pilgrimage to the shrine became the most renowned medieval pilgrimage, and it became customary for those who returned from Compostela to carry back with them a <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galician</a> <a href="/wiki/Scallop" title="Scallop">scallop</a> shell as proof of their completion of the journey. This practice gradually led to the scallop shell becoming the badge of a pilgrim.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The earliest recorded pilgrims from beyond the <a href="/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a> visited the shrine in the middle of the 11th century, but it seems that it was not until a century later that large numbers of pilgrims from abroad were regularly journeying there. The earliest records of pilgrims that arrived from <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> belong to the period between 1092 and 1105. However, by the early 12th century the pilgrimage had become a highly organized affair.<sup id="cite_ref-Billington_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Billington-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the great proponents of the pilgrimage in the 12th century was <a href="/wiki/Pope_Callixtus_II" title="Pope Callixtus II">Pope Callixtus II</a>, who started the Compostelan Holy Years.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:141px;max-width:141px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:138px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Convento_de_San_Marcos_(Le%C3%B3n)._Portada.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Convento_de_San_Marcos_%28Le%C3%B3n%29._Portada.jpg/139px-Convento_de_San_Marcos_%28Le%C3%B3n%29._Portada.jpg" decoding="async" width="139" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Convento_de_San_Marcos_%28Le%C3%B3n%29._Portada.jpg/209px-Convento_de_San_Marcos_%28Le%C3%B3n%29._Portada.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Convento_de_San_Marcos_%28Le%C3%B3n%29._Portada.jpg/278px-Convento_de_San_Marcos_%28Le%C3%B3n%29._Portada.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="2700" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Early 18th century facade of the San Marcos Monastery in Leon, which provided care for pilgrims over many centuries</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:147px;max-width:147px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:138px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SantiagoMatamoros.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/SantiagoMatamoros.jpg/145px-SantiagoMatamoros.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/SantiagoMatamoros.jpg/218px-SantiagoMatamoros.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/SantiagoMatamoros.jpg/290px-SantiagoMatamoros.jpg 2x" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="733" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">St James the <a href="/wiki/Moors" title="Moors">Moor</a> Slayer (<a href="/wiki/Carri%C3%B3n_de_los_Condes" title="Carrión de los Condes">Carrión de los Condes</a>)</div></div></div></div></div> <p>The daily needs of pilgrims on their way to and from Compostela were met by a series of <a href="/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital">hospitals</a>. Indeed, these institutions contributed to the development of the modern concept of 'hospital'. Some Spanish towns still bear the name, such as <a href="/wiki/Hospital_de_%C3%93rbigo" title="Hospital de Órbigo">Hospital de Órbigo</a>. The hospitals were often staffed by Catholic orders and under royal protection. Donations were encouraged but many poorer pilgrims had few clothes and poor health often barely getting to the next hospital. Due to this, <a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Ram%C3%ADrez_de_Medrano" title="María Ramírez de Medrano">María Ramírez de Medrano</a> founded one of the earliest hospitals of San Juan de Acre in <a href="/wiki/Navarrete,_La_Rioja" title="Navarrete, La Rioja">Navarrete</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Commandery" title="Commandery">commandery</a> for the protection of pilgrims on the Compostela route.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Romanesque_architecture" title="Romanesque architecture">Romanesque architecture</a>, a new genre of ecclesiastical architecture, was designed with massive archways to cope with huge crowds of the devout.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There was also the sale of the now-familiar paraphernalia of <a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">tourism</a>, such as badges and souvenirs. Pilgrims often prayed to <a href="/wiki/Saint_Roch" title="Saint Roch">Saint Roch</a> whose numerous depictions with the <a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Saint_James" title="Cross of Saint James">Cross of St James</a> can still be seen along the Way. On the Camino, the cross is often seen with a <a href="/wiki/Pilgrim%27s_scallop" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilgrim's scallop">Pilgrim's scallop</a> to mark the way of the pilgrimage.<sup id="cite_ref-Five_Sensations_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Five_Sensations-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The pilgrimage route to Santiago de Compostela was made possible by the protection and freedom provided by the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a>, from which the majority of pilgrims originated. Enterprising French (including <a href="/wiki/Gascony" title="Gascony">Gascons</a> and other peoples not under the French crown) settled in towns along the pilgrimage routes, where their names appear in the archives. The pilgrims were tended by people like <a href="/wiki/Domingo_de_la_Calzada" class="mw-redirect" title="Domingo de la Calzada">Domingo de la Calzada</a>, who was later recognized as a saint. </p><p>Pilgrims walked the Way of St. James, often for months and occasionally years at a time, to arrive at the great church in the main square of Compostela and pay homage to St James. Many arrived with very little due to illness or robbery or both. Traditionally pilgrims lay their hands on the pillar just inside the doorway of the cathedral, and so many now have done this it has visibly worn away the stone.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The popular Spanish name for the astronomical <a href="/wiki/Milky_Way" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a> is <i>El Camino de Santiago</i>. According to a common medieval legend, the <a href="/wiki/Milky_Way" title="Milky Way">Milky Way</a> was formed from the dust raised by travelling pilgrims.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="First_official_guide_book">First official guide book</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camino_de_Santiago&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: First official guide book"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The official guide in those times was the <i><a href="/wiki/Codex_Calixtinus" title="Codex Calixtinus">Codex Calixtinus</a></i>. Published around 1140, the 5th book of the codex is still considered the definitive source for many modern guidebooks. Four pilgrimage routes listed in the codex originate in France and converge at <a href="/wiki/Puente_la_Reina" class="mw-redirect" title="Puente la Reina">Puente la Reina</a>. From there, a well-defined route crosses northern Spain, linking <a href="/wiki/Burgos" title="Burgos">Burgos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carri%C3%B3n_de_los_Condes" title="Carrión de los Condes">Carrión de los Condes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sahag%C3%BAn" title="Sahagún">Sahagún</a>, <a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n,_Le%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="León, León">León</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astorga_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="Astorga (Spain)">Astorga</a>, and Compostela. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Legends_of_the_discovery_of_the_Tomb_of_St._James">Legends of the discovery of the Tomb of St. James</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camino_de_Santiago&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Legends of the discovery of the Tomb of St. James"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Another legend states that when a hermit saw a bright star shining over a hillside near San Fiz de Solovio, he informed the bishop of Iria Flavia, who found a grave at the site with three bodies inside, one of which, he asserted, was that of St James. Subsequently, the location was called "the field of the star" (<i>Campus Stellae</i>, corrupted to "Compostela").<sup id="cite_ref-RingWatson2013_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RingWatson2013-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another origin myth mentioned in <i>Book IV</i> of the <i><a href="/wiki/Liber_Sancti_Jacobi" class="mw-redirect" title="Liber Sancti Jacobi">Book of Saint James</a></i> relates how the saint appeared in a dream to <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a>, urging him to liberate his tomb from the <a href="/wiki/Moors" title="Moors">Moors</a> and showing him the direction to follow by the route of the Milky Way.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pilgrimage_as_penance">Pilgrimage as penance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camino_de_Santiago&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Pilgrimage as penance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Church employed (and employs) rituals (the sacrament of confession) that can lead to the imposition by a priest of <a href="/wiki/Penance" title="Penance">penance</a>, through which the sinner atones for his or her sins. Pilgrimages were deemed to be a suitable form of expiation for sin and long pilgrimages would be imposed as penance for very serious sins. As noted in the <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>In the registers of the Inquisition at Carcassone ... we find the four following places noted as being the centres of the greater pilgrimages to be imposed as penances for the graver crimes: the tomb of the Apostles at Rome, the shrine of St. James at Compostella [sic], St. Thomas' body at Canterbury, and the relics of the Three Kings at Cologne.</p></blockquote> <p>Pilgrimages could also be imposed as judicial punishment for crime, a practice that is still occasionally used today. For example, a tradition in <a href="/wiki/Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a> persists of pardoning and releasing one prisoner every year<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> under the condition that, accompanied by a guard, the prisoner walks to Santiago wearing a heavy backpack. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enlightenment_era">Enlightenment era</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camino_de_Santiago&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Enlightenment era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">John Adams</a> (who would become the second President of the United States) was ordered by <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a> to go to <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> to obtain funds for the cause. His ship started leaking and he disembarked with his two sons at <a href="/wiki/Cape_Finisterre" title="Cape Finisterre">Finisterre</a> in 1779. From there, he proceeded to follow the Way of St. James in the reverse direction of the pilgrims' route, in order to get to Paris overland. He did not stop to visit Santiago, which he later regretted. In his autobiography, Adams described the customs and lodgings afforded to St James's pilgrims in the 18th century and he recounted the legend as it was told to him:<sup id="cite_ref-AFP_pilgrimages_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AFP_pilgrimages-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I have always regretted that We could not find time to make a Pilgrimage to Saintiago de Compostella. We were informed ... that the Original of this Shrine and Temple of St. Iago was this. A certain Shepherd saw a bright Light there in the night. Afterwards it was revealed to an Archbishop that St. James was buried there. This laid the Foundation of a Church, and they have built an Altar on the Spot where the Shepherd saw the Light. In the time of the Moors, the People made a Vow, that if the Moors should be driven from this Country, they would give a certain portion of the Income of their Lands to Saint James. The Moors were <a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">defeated and expelled</a> and it was reported and believed, that Saint James was in the Battle and fought with a drawn Sword at the head of the Spanish Troops, on Horseback. The People, believing that they owed the Victory to the Saint, very cheerfully fulfilled their Vows by paying the Tribute. ... Upon the Supposition that this is the place of the Sepulchre of Saint James, there are great numbers of Pilgrims, who visit it, every Year, from France, Spain, Italy and other parts of Europe, many of them on foot.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern-day_pilgrimage">Modern-day pilgrimage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camino_de_Santiago&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Modern-day pilgrimage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:392px;max-width:392px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:126px;max-width:126px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:165px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wojnicz_kosciol_sw_Leonarda_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Wojnicz_kosciol_sw_Leonarda_3.jpg/124px-Wojnicz_kosciol_sw_Leonarda_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Wojnicz_kosciol_sw_Leonarda_3.jpg/186px-Wojnicz_kosciol_sw_Leonarda_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Wojnicz_kosciol_sw_Leonarda_3.jpg/248px-Wojnicz_kosciol_sw_Leonarda_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">A Camino milestone by St Leonard's church, <a href="/wiki/Wojnicz" title="Wojnicz">Wojnicz</a>, Poland</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:262px;max-width:262px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:165px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roncevaux_les_b%C3%A2timents_des_p%C3%A9lerins.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Roncevaux_les_b%C3%A2timents_des_p%C3%A9lerins.jpg/260px-Roncevaux_les_b%C3%A2timents_des_p%C3%A9lerins.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Roncevaux_les_b%C3%A2timents_des_p%C3%A9lerins.jpg/390px-Roncevaux_les_b%C3%A2timents_des_p%C3%A9lerins.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Roncevaux_les_b%C3%A2timents_des_p%C3%A9lerins.jpg/520px-Roncevaux_les_b%C3%A2timents_des_p%C3%A9lerins.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="958" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Early photo of <a href="/wiki/Roncesvalles" title="Roncesvalles">Roncesvalles</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:183px;max-width:183px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:135px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Donibane_Garazi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Donibane_Garazi.jpg/181px-Donibane_Garazi.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Donibane_Garazi.jpg/272px-Donibane_Garazi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Donibane_Garazi.jpg/362px-Donibane_Garazi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:205px;max-width:205px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:135px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Caminho_Costa_Portugues_Povoa_Varzim.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Caminho_Costa_Portugues_Povoa_Varzim.JPG/203px-Caminho_Costa_Portugues_Povoa_Varzim.JPG" decoding="async" width="203" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Caminho_Costa_Portugues_Povoa_Varzim.JPG/305px-Caminho_Costa_Portugues_Povoa_Varzim.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Caminho_Costa_Portugues_Povoa_Varzim.JPG/406px-Caminho_Costa_Portugues_Povoa_Varzim.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">A boardwalk on the Portuguese coastal Way: Coastal sand dunes of <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B3voa_de_Varzim" title="Póvoa de Varzim">Póvoa de Varzim</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>Although it is commonly believed that the pilgrimage to Santiago has continued without interruption since the Middle Ages, few modern pilgrimages antedate the 1957 publication of Irish <a href="/wiki/Hispanist" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanist">Hispanist</a> and traveller <a href="/wiki/Walter_Starkie" title="Walter Starkie">Walter Starkie</a>'s <i>The Road to Santiago</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Starkie_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Starkie-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The revival of the pilgrimage was supported by the Spanish government of <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a>, much inclined to promote Spain's Catholic history. "It has been only recently (1990s) that the pilgrimage to Santiago regained the popularity it had in the Middle Ages."<sup id="cite_ref-Mitchell_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mitchell-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since then, hundreds of thousands (over 300,000 in 2017)<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of Christian <a href="/wiki/Pilgrim" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilgrim">pilgrims</a> and many others set out each year from their homes, or from popular starting points across Europe, to make their way to Santiago de Compostela. Most travel by foot, some by <a href="/wiki/Bicycle" title="Bicycle">bicycle</a>, and some even travel as their <a href="/wiki/Medieval" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval">medieval</a> counterparts did, on horseback or by <a href="/wiki/Donkey" title="Donkey">donkey</a>. In addition to those undertaking a religious pilgrimage, many are hikers who walk the route for travel or sport, along with an interest in exploring their own relationship with themselves, other people, nature, and what they perceive as being sacred.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, many consider the experience a spiritual retreat from modern life.<sup id="cite_ref-no_of_pilgrims_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-no_of_pilgrims-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Routes">Routes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camino_de_Santiago&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Routes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Here, only a few routes are named. For a complete list of all the routes (traditional and less so), see: <a href="/wiki/Camino_de_Santiago_(route_descriptions)" title="Camino de Santiago (route descriptions)">Camino de Santiago (route descriptions)</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Samos_on_the_Camino_Way.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Samos_on_the_Camino_Way.jpg/220px-Samos_on_the_Camino_Way.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Samos_on_the_Camino_Way.jpg/330px-Samos_on_the_Camino_Way.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Samos_on_the_Camino_Way.jpg/440px-Samos_on_the_Camino_Way.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Samos, in Galicia, on the French Way</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Camino Francés</b>, or <a href="/wiki/French_Way" title="French Way">French Way</a>, is the most popular. The <a href="/wiki/Via_Regia" title="Via Regia">Via Regia</a> is the last portion of the Camino Francés.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Historically, because of the <a href="/wiki/Codex_Calixtinus" title="Codex Calixtinus">Codex Calixtinus</a>, most pilgrims came from France: typically from <a href="/wiki/Arles" title="Arles">Arles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Le_Puy-en-Velay" title="Le Puy-en-Velay">Le Puy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, and <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9zelay" title="Vézelay">Vézelay</a>; some from Saint Gilles. <a href="/wiki/Cluny" title="Cluny">Cluny</a>, site of the celebrated medieval abbey, was another important rallying point for pilgrims and, in 2002, it was integrated into the official European pilgrimage route linking Vézelay and Le Puy. </p><p>Most Spanish consider the French border in the <a href="/wiki/Pyrenees" title="Pyrenees">Pyrenees</a> the natural starting point. By far the most common, modern starting point on the Camino Francés is <a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port" title="Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port">Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Port</a>, on the French side of the Pyrenees, with <a href="/wiki/Roncesvalles" title="Roncesvalles">Roncesvalles</a> on the Spanish side also being popular.<sup id="cite_ref-stats2016_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stats2016-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The distance from Roncesvalles to Santiago de Compostela through <a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n,_Spain" title="León, Spain">León</a> is about 800 km (500 mi). </p><p>The <b>Camino Primitivo</b>, or <a href="/wiki/Camino_Primitivo" title="Camino Primitivo">Original Way</a>, is the oldest route to Santiago de Compostela, first taken in the 9th century, which begins in <a href="/wiki/Oviedo" title="Oviedo">Oviedo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is 320 km (199 miles) long. </p><p><b>Camino Portugués</b>, or <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Way" title="Portuguese Way">Portuguese Way</a>, is the second-most-popular route,<sup id="cite_ref-stats2016_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stats2016-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> starting at the cathedral in <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a> (for a total of about 610 km) or at the cathedral in <a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a> in the north of <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> (for a total of about 227 km), and crossing into Galicia at <a href="/wiki/Valen%C3%A7a,_Portugal" title="Valença, Portugal">Valença</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <b>Camino del Norte</b>, or <a href="/wiki/Northern_Way" title="Northern Way">Northern Way</a>, is also less travelled and starts in the Basque city of <a href="/wiki/Irun" title="Irun">Irun</a> on the border with France, or sometimes in <a href="/wiki/San_Sebasti%C3%A1n" title="San Sebastián">San Sebastián</a>. It is a less popular route because of its changes in elevation, whereas the Camino Frances is mostly flat. The route follows the coast along the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Biscay" title="Bay of Biscay">Bay of Biscay</a> until it nears Santiago. Though it does not pass through as many historic points of interest as the Camino Frances, it has cooler summer weather. The route is believed to have been first used by pilgrims to avoid traveling through the territories occupied by the Muslims in the Middle Ages.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From Irun the path is 817 km (508 miles) long. </p><p>The Central European Camino was revived after the Fall of the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_Wall" title="Berlin Wall">Berlin Wall</a>. Medieval routes, Camino Baltico and the Via Regia in Poland pass through present-day <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> reach as far north as the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_states" title="Baltic states">Baltic states</a>, taking in <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a>, and Eastwards to present-day <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> and take in <a href="/wiki/Lviv" title="Lviv">Lviv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sandomierz" title="Sandomierz">Sandomierz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accommodation">Accommodation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camino_de_Santiago&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Accommodation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mosteiro_de_San_Xuli%C3%A1n_de_Samos.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Mosteiro_de_San_Xuli%C3%A1n_de_Samos.jpg/220px-Mosteiro_de_San_Xuli%C3%A1n_de_Samos.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Mosteiro_de_San_Xuli%C3%A1n_de_Samos.jpg/330px-Mosteiro_de_San_Xuli%C3%A1n_de_Samos.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Mosteiro_de_San_Xuli%C3%A1n_de_Samos.jpg/440px-Mosteiro_de_San_Xuli%C3%A1n_de_Samos.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Monastery of San Xuliàn de Samos, which provides shelter for pilgrims</figcaption></figure> <p>In Spain, France, and Portugal, pilgrims' <a href="/wiki/Hostel" title="Hostel">hostels</a> with beds in dormitories provide overnight accommodation for pilgrims who hold a <i>credencial</i> (see below). In Spain this type of accommodation is called a <i>refugio</i> or <i>albergue</i>, both of which are similar to <a href="/wiki/Youth_hostel" class="mw-redirect" title="Youth hostel">youth hostels</a> or hostelries in the French system of <i><a href="/wiki/G%C3%AEte" title="Gîte">gîtes d'étape</a></i>. </p><p>Hostels may be run by a local parish, the local council, private owners, or pilgrims' associations. Occasionally, these <i>refugios</i> are located in monasteries, such as the one in the <a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_San_Xuli%C3%A1n_de_Samos" title="Monastery of San Xulián de Samos">Monastery of San Xulián de Samos</a> that is run by monks, and the one in Santiago de Compostela. </p><p>The final hostel on the route is the famous <a href="/wiki/Hostal_de_los_Reyes_Cat%C3%B3licos" class="mw-redirect" title="Hostal de los Reyes Católicos">Hostal de los Reyes Católicos</a>, which lies in the <a href="/wiki/Plaza_del_Obradoiro" title="Plaza del Obradoiro">Plaza del Obradoiro</a> across the Cathedral. It was originally constructed as hospice and hospital for pilgrims by <a href="/wiki/Isabella_I_of_Castile" title="Isabella I of Castile">Queen Isabella I</a> of <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Castile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon" title="Ferdinand II of Aragon">King Ferdinand II</a> of <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Aragon</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Monarchs_of_Spain" title="Catholic Monarchs of Spain">Catholic Monarchs</a>. Today it is a luxury 5-star <a href="/wiki/Paradores" title="Paradores">Parador</a> hotel, which still provides free services to a limited number of pilgrims daily. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Credencial_or_pilgrim's_passport"><span id="Credencial_or_pilgrim.27s_passport"></span><i>Credencial</i> or pilgrim's passport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camino_de_Santiago&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Credencial or pilgrim's passport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:369px;max-width:369px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:183px;max-width:183px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:113px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pilgrim_Passport2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Pilgrim_Passport2.jpg/181px-Pilgrim_Passport2.jpg" decoding="async" width="181" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Pilgrim_Passport2.jpg/272px-Pilgrim_Passport2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Pilgrim_Passport2.jpg/362px-Pilgrim_Passport2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2108" data-file-height="1320" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">St. James pilgrim passport stamps in Spain for the Camino Frances</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:113px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pilgrim_Passport1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Pilgrim_Passport1.jpg/180px-Pilgrim_Passport1.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Pilgrim_Passport1.jpg/270px-Pilgrim_Passport1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Pilgrim_Passport1.jpg/360px-Pilgrim_Passport1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2102" data-file-height="1325" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption text-align-center">St. James pilgrim passport stamps in France on the Via Turonensis (Tours route) for the Chemin de St. Jacques de Compostelle. The <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites_of_the_Routes_of_Santiago_de_Compostela_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage Sites of the Routes of Santiago de Compostela in France">World Heritage Sites of the Routes of Santiago de Compostela in France</a> lists the major French towns with stamps</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Most pilgrims purchase and carry a document called the <i>credencial</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which gives access to overnight accommodation along the route. Also known as the "pilgrim's passport", the <i>credencial</i> is stamped with the official St. James stamp of each town or <i>refugio</i> at which the pilgrim has stayed. It provides pilgrims with a record of where they ate or slept and serves as proof to the Pilgrim's Office in Santiago that the journey was accomplished according to an official route and thus that the pilgrim qualifies to receive a <i>compostela</i> (certificate of completion of the pilgrimage). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Compostela"><i>Compostela</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camino_de_Santiago&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Compostela"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Compostelacertificate.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Compostelacertificate.jpg/220px-Compostelacertificate.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Compostelacertificate.jpg/330px-Compostelacertificate.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Compostelacertificate.jpg/440px-Compostelacertificate.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1620" data-file-height="2206" /></a><figcaption>A Compostela from 2007</figcaption></figure> <p>The <i>compostela</i> is a certificate of accomplishment given to pilgrims on completing the Way. To earn the <i>compostela</i> one needs to walk a minimum of 100 km or cycle at least 200 km. In practice, for walkers, the closest convenient point to start is <a href="/wiki/Sarria" title="Sarria">Sarria</a>, as it has good bus and rail connections to other places in Spain. Pilgrims arriving in <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a> who have walked at least the last 100 km (62 mi), or cycled 200 km (120 mi) to get there (as indicated on their <i>credencial</i>), and who state that their motivation was at least partially religious, are eligible for the <i>compostela</i> from the Pilgrim's Office in Santiago.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>compostela</i> has been <a href="/wiki/Indulgence" title="Indulgence">indulgenced</a> since the Early Middle Ages and remains so to this day, during <a href="/wiki/Jubilee_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jubilee (Christianity)">Holy Years</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The English translation reads: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The CHAPTER of this holy apostolic and metropolitan Church of Compostela, guardian of the seal of the Altar of the blessed Apostle James, in order that it may provide authentic certificates of visitation to all the faithful and to pilgrims from all over the earth who come with devout affection or for the sake of a vow to the shrine of our Apostle St. James, the patron and protector of Spain, hereby makes known to each and all who shall inspect this present document that [Name] </p><p>has visited this most sacred temple for the sake of pious devotion. As a faithful witness of these things I confer upon him [or her] the present document, authenticated by the seal of the same Holy Church. </p><p>Given at Compostela on the [day] of the month of [month] in the year of the Lord [year]. </p><p> Deputy Canon for Pilgrims</p></blockquote> <p>The simpler certificate of completion in Spanish for those with non-religious motivation reads: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">La S.A.M.I. Catedral de Santiago de Compostela le expresa su bienvenida cordial a la Tumba Apostólica de Santiago el Mayor; y desea que el Santo Apóstol le conceda, con abundancia, las gracias de la Peregrinación.</i></span></p></blockquote> <p>English translation: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The Holy Apostolic Metropolitan Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela expresses its warm welcome to the Tomb of the Apostle St. James the Greater; and wishes that the holy Apostle may grant you, in abundance, the graces of the Pilgrimage.</p></blockquote> <p>The Pilgrim's Office gives more than 100,000 compostelas each year to pilgrims from more than 100 countries. However, the requirements to earn a compostela ensure that not everyone who walks on the Camino receives one. The requirements for receiving a compostela are: 1) make the Pilgrimage for religious/spiritual reasons or at least have an attitude of search, 2) do the last 100 km on foot or horseback or the last 200 km by bicycle. 3) collect a certain number of stamps on a credencial.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pilgrim's_Mass"><span id="Pilgrim.27s_Mass"></span>Pilgrim's Mass</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camino_de_Santiago&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Pilgrim's Mass"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="floatright"> <table style="border:solid 1px #aaa;" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0"> <caption><b>Pilgrims finishing the Camino, 1985–2022</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td><div class="timeline-wrapper"><map name="timeline_ld2i2sx8felzsmpl0jzfwugtyntjb0r"></map><img usemap="#timeline_ld2i2sx8felzsmpl0jzfwugtyntjb0r" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/timeline/ld2i2sx8felzsmpl0jzfwugtyntjb0r.png" /></div> <p><small>Green bars are holy years</small> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="border:1px black;margin:0 auto;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd;"> <th>Year </th> <th>Pilgrims </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2023 </td> <td>446,035 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2022 </td> <td>437,507 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><b>2021</b> </td> <td><b>178,912<sup>1, 4</sup></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2020 </td> <td>54,144<sup>4</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2019 </td> <td>347,578 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2018 </td> <td>327,378 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2017 </td> <td>301,036 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2016 </td> <td>277,915 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2015 </td> <td>262,458 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2014 </td> <td>237,886 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2013 </td> <td>215,880 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2012 </td> <td>192,488 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2011 </td> <td>179,919 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><b>2010</b> </td> <td><b>272,703</b><sup>1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2009 </td> <td>145,877 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2008 </td> <td>125,141 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2007 </td> <td>114,026 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2006 </td> <td>100,377 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2005 </td> <td>93,924 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><b>2004</b> </td> <td><b>179,944</b><sup>1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2003 </td> <td>74,614 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2002 </td> <td>68,952 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2001 </td> <td>61,418 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">2000 </td> <td>55,004³ </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><b>1999</b> </td> <td><b>154,613</b><sup>1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1998 </td> <td>30,126 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1997 </td> <td>25,179 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1996 </td> <td>23,218 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1995 </td> <td>19,821 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1994 </td> <td>15,863 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><b>1993</b> </td> <td><b>99,436</b><sup>1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1992 </td> <td>9,764 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1991 </td> <td>7,274 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1990 </td> <td>4,918 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1989 </td> <td>5,760² </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1988 </td> <td>3,501 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1987 </td> <td>2,905 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1986 </td> <td>1,801 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center">1985 </td> <td>690 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><small><sup>1</sup> Holy Years (<i>Xacobeo</i>/<i>Jacobeo</i>)<br /><sup>2</sup> 4th World Youth Day in Santiago de Compostela<br /><sup>3</sup> Santiago named European Capital of Culture<br /><sup>4</sup> Years of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a> <br /><i>Source: The archives of Santiago de Compostela.</i></small><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <p>A Pilgrim's <a href="/wiki/Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Mass in the Catholic Church">Mass</a> is held in the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Santiago_de_Compostela" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela">Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela</a> each day at 12:00 and 19:30.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pilgrims who received the <i>compostela</i> the day before have their countries of origin and the starting point of their pilgrimage announced at the Mass. The <a href="/wiki/Botafumeiro" title="Botafumeiro">Botafumeiro</a>, one of the largest <a href="/wiki/Censer" title="Censer">censers</a> in the world, is operated during certain <a href="/wiki/Solemnity" title="Solemnity">Solemnities</a> and on every Friday, except <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a>, at 19:30.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Priests administer the <a href="/wiki/Sacrament_of_Penance_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacrament of Penance (Catholic Church)">Sacrament of Penance</a>, or confession, in many languages. In the <a href="/wiki/Jubilee_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jubilee (Christianity)">Holy Year</a> of 2010 the Pilgrim's Mass was exceptionally held four times a day, at 10:00, 12:00, 18:00, and 19:30, catering for the greater number of pilgrims arriving in the Holy Year.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pilgrimage_as_tourism">Pilgrimage as tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camino_de_Santiago&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Pilgrimage as tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Xunta_de_Galicia" title="Xunta de Galicia">Xunta de Galicia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Spain)" title="Galicia (Spain)">Galicia</a>'s regional government) promotes the Way as a tourist activity, particularly in Holy Compostela Years (when 25 July falls on a Sunday). Following Galicia's investment and advertising campaign for the Holy Year of 1993, the number of pilgrims completing the route has been steadily rising. The most recent Holy Year occurred in 2021, 11 years after the last Holy Year of 2010. More than 272,000 pilgrims made the trip during the course of 2010. The next Holy Year pilgrimage will occur in 2027. 446,000 pilgrims walked the route in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_film,_television_&_literature"><span id="In_film.2C_television_.26_literature"></span>In film, television & literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camino_de_Santiago&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: In film, television & literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>(Chronological) </p> <ul><li>The pilgrimage is central to the plot of the film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Milky_Way_(1969_film)" title="The Milky Way (1969 film)">The Milky Way</a></i> (1969), directed by <a href="/wiki/Surrealist" class="mw-redirect" title="Surrealist">surrealist</a> <a href="/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel">Luis Buñuel</a>. It is intended to critique the Catholic church, as the modern pilgrims encounter various manifestations of Catholic dogma and heresy.</li> <li>In Part Four of the novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Pillars_of_the_Earth" title="The Pillars of the Earth">The Pillars of the Earth</a></i> (1989), one of the main characters, Aliena, travels the Camino in search of her lost love, Jack, who is also the father to her child. She travels the route from England through France (specifically <a href="/wiki/Tours" title="Tours">Tours</a> and <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_St_Denis" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilica of St Denis">Saint Denis</a>) and Spain, eventually reaching <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela_Cathedral" title="Santiago de Compostela Cathedral">Santiago</a> and continuing on to <a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a>.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Naked_Pilgrim" title="The Naked Pilgrim">The Naked Pilgrim</a></i> (2003) documents the journey of art critic and journalist <a href="/wiki/Brian_Sewell" title="Brian Sewell">Brian Sewell</a> to Santiago de Compostela for the UK's Channel Five. Travelling by car along the French route, he visited many towns and cities on the way including Paris, <a href="/wiki/Chartres" title="Chartres">Chartres</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roncesvalles" title="Roncesvalles">Roncesvalles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burgos" title="Burgos">Burgos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n,_Spain" title="León, Spain">León</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%B3mista" title="Frómista">Frómista</a>. Sewell, a lapsed Catholic, was moved by the stories of other pilgrims and by the sights he saw. The series climaxed with Sewell's emotional response to the Mass at Compostela.</li> <li>The Way of St. James was the central feature of the film <i>Saint Jacques... La Mecque</i> (2005) directed by <a href="/wiki/Coline_Serreau" title="Coline Serreau">Coline Serreau</a>.</li> <li>In <i><a href="/wiki/The_Way_(2010_film)" title="The Way (2010 film)">The Way</a></i> (2010), written and directed by <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Estevez" title="Emilio Estevez">Emilio Estevez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Sheen" title="Martin Sheen">Martin Sheen</a> learns that his son (Estevez) has died early along the route and takes up the pilgrimage in order to complete it on the son's behalf. The film was presented at the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_International_Film_Festival" title="Toronto International Film Festival">Toronto International Film Festival</a> in September 2010<sup id="cite_ref-IMDb—The_Way_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMDb—The_Way-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-theway-themovie.com_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-theway-themovie.com-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and premiered in Santiago in November 2010.</li> <li>On his <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> travel Europe television series, <a href="/wiki/Rick_Steves" title="Rick Steves">Rick Steves</a> covers Northern Spain and the Camino de Santiago in series 6.<sup id="cite_ref-ricksteves.com_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ricksteves.com-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2013, <a href="/wiki/Simon_Reeve_(British_TV_presenter)" title="Simon Reeve (British TV presenter)">Simon Reeve</a> presented the "Pilgrimage" series on BBC2, in which he followed various pilgrimage routes across Europe, including the Camino de Santiago in episode 2.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 2014, Lydia B Smith<sup id="cite_ref-IMDb—Lydia_B_Smith_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMDb—Lydia_B_Smith-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Future Educational Films released <i><a href="/wiki/Walking_the_Camino:_Six_Ways_to_Santiago" title="Walking the Camino: Six Ways to Santiago">Walking the Camino: Six Ways to Santiago</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in theatres across the U.S. and Canada. The film features the accounts and perspectives of six pilgrims as they navigate their respective journeys from France to Santiago de Compostela. In 2015, it was distributed across the World, playing theatres throughout Europe, Australia, and New Zealand. It recently aired on NPTV and continues to be featured in festivals relating to the Spirituality, Mind Body, Travel, and Adventure.</li> <li>In the 2017 movie <i><a href="/wiki/The_Trip_to_Spain" title="The Trip to Spain">The Trip to Spain</a></i>, the Camino de Santiago is mentioned as <a href="/wiki/Rob_Brydon" title="Rob Brydon">Rob Brydon</a> quizzes <a href="/wiki/Steve_Coogan" title="Steve Coogan">Steve Coogan</a> about what the Camino is and proceeds to explain what it is with a brief history of it.</li> <li>In 2018, series one of <a href="/wiki/BBC_Two" title="BBC Two">BBC Two</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Pilgrimage_(TV_series)" title="Pilgrimage (TV series)">Pilgrimage</a></i> followed this pilgrimage.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camino_de_Santiago&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Burgos-Metal-Pilgrim-2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Monument to pilgrims in Burgos"><img alt="Monument to pilgrims in Burgos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Burgos-Metal-Pilgrim-2010.jpg/160px-Burgos-Metal-Pilgrim-2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Burgos-Metal-Pilgrim-2010.jpg/240px-Burgos-Metal-Pilgrim-2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Burgos-Metal-Pilgrim-2010.jpg/320px-Burgos-Metal-Pilgrim-2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Monument to pilgrims in Burgos</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Albergue_de_peregrinos_de_Mansilla_de_las_Mulas_(1402775066).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A pilgrims hostel in Mansilla de las Mulas"><img alt="A pilgrims hostel in Mansilla de las Mulas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Albergue_de_peregrinos_de_Mansilla_de_las_Mulas_%281402775066%29.jpg/160px-Albergue_de_peregrinos_de_Mansilla_de_las_Mulas_%281402775066%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Albergue_de_peregrinos_de_Mansilla_de_las_Mulas_%281402775066%29.jpg/240px-Albergue_de_peregrinos_de_Mansilla_de_las_Mulas_%281402775066%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Albergue_de_peregrinos_de_Mansilla_de_las_Mulas_%281402775066%29.jpg/320px-Albergue_de_peregrinos_de_Mansilla_de_las_Mulas_%281402775066%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A pilgrims hostel in Mansilla de las Mulas</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ancha_es_Castilla.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A pilgrim on the barren and impressive meseta, which offers a long and challenging walk"><img alt="A pilgrim on the barren and impressive meseta, which offers a long and challenging walk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Ancha_es_Castilla.jpg/160px-Ancha_es_Castilla.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Ancha_es_Castilla.jpg/240px-Ancha_es_Castilla.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Ancha_es_Castilla.jpg/320px-Ancha_es_Castilla.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A pilgrim on the barren and impressive meseta, which offers a long and challenging walk</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Auf_dem_Weg_nach_San_Juan_de_Ortega_-_panoramio_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A pilgrim near San Juan de Ortega"><img alt="A pilgrim near San Juan de Ortega" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Auf_dem_Weg_nach_San_Juan_de_Ortega_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/160px-Auf_dem_Weg_nach_San_Juan_de_Ortega_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Auf_dem_Weg_nach_San_Juan_de_Ortega_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/240px-Auf_dem_Weg_nach_San_Juan_de_Ortega_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Auf_dem_Weg_nach_San_Juan_de_Ortega_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/320px-Auf_dem_Weg_nach_San_Juan_de_Ortega_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A pilgrim near San Juan de Ortega</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Camino_del_Norte_(3931187466).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View on el Camino del Norte. San Sebastián, playa de la Concha"><img alt="View on el Camino del Norte. San Sebastián, playa de la Concha" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Camino_del_Norte_%283931187466%29.jpg/160px-Camino_del_Norte_%283931187466%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Camino_del_Norte_%283931187466%29.jpg/240px-Camino_del_Norte_%283931187466%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Camino_del_Norte_%283931187466%29.jpg/320px-Camino_del_Norte_%283931187466%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">View on el Camino del Norte. San Sebastián, playa de la Concha</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Camino_del_Norte_(4115035301).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sea view on el Camino del Norte, approaching Onton"><img alt="Sea view on el Camino del Norte, approaching Onton" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Camino_del_Norte_%284115035301%29.jpg/160px-Camino_del_Norte_%284115035301%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Camino_del_Norte_%284115035301%29.jpg/240px-Camino_del_Norte_%284115035301%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Camino_del_Norte_%284115035301%29.jpg/320px-Camino_del_Norte_%284115035301%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Sea view on el Camino del Norte, approaching Onton</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Camino-De-Santiago-Hiker.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A pilgrim along the northern route of the Camino de Santiago"><img alt="A pilgrim along the northern route of the Camino de Santiago" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Camino-De-Santiago-Hiker.jpg/160px-Camino-De-Santiago-Hiker.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Camino-De-Santiago-Hiker.jpg/240px-Camino-De-Santiago-Hiker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Camino-De-Santiago-Hiker.jpg/320px-Camino-De-Santiago-Hiker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5441" data-file-height="3061" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A pilgrim along the northern route of the Camino de Santiago</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_literature">Selected literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camino_de_Santiago&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Selected literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>(Alphabetical by author's surname) </p> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCarson1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Anne_Carson" title="Anne Carson">Carson, Anne</a> (1987). <i>Kinds of Water</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kinds+of+Water&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Carson&rft.aufirst=Anne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoelho1987" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paulo_Coelho" title="Paulo Coelho">Coelho, Paulo</a> (1987). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Pilgrimage" title="The Pilgrimage">The Pilgrimage</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pilgrimage&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Coelho&rft.aufirst=Paulo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHemingway1926" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hemingway" title="Ernest Hemingway">Hemingway, Ernest</a> (1926). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sun_Also_Rises" title="The Sun Also Rises">The Sun Also Rises</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sun+Also+Rises&rft.date=1926&rft.aulast=Hemingway&rft.aufirst=Ernest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHitt1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Hitt" title="Jack Hitt">Hitt, Jack</a> (1994). <i>Off the Road: A Modern-Day Walk Down the Pilgrim's Route into Spain</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Off+the+Road%3A+A+Modern-Day+Walk+Down+the+Pilgrim%27s+Route+into+Spain&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Hitt&rft.aufirst=Jack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKerkeling2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hape_Kerkeling" title="Hape Kerkeling">Kerkeling, Hape</a> (2009). <i><a href="/wiki/I%27m_Off_Then:_Losing_and_Finding_Myself_on_the_Camino_de_Santiago" class="mw-redirect" title="I'm Off Then: Losing and Finding Myself on the Camino de Santiago">I'm Off Then: Losing and Finding Myself on the Camino de Santiago</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I%27m+Off+Then%3A+Losing+and+Finding+Myself+on+the+Camino+de+Santiago&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Kerkeling&rft.aufirst=Hape&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLodge1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Lodge_(author)" title="David Lodge (author)">Lodge, David</a> (1995). <i><a href="/wiki/Therapy_(Lodge_novel)" title="Therapy (Lodge novel)">Therapy</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Therapy&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Lodge&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacLaine2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Shirley_MacLaine" title="Shirley MacLaine">MacLaine, Shirley</a> (2001). <i>The Camino: A Journey of the Spirit</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Camino%3A+A+Journey+of+the+Spirit&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=MacLaine&rft.aufirst=Shirley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCarthy2023" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_McCarthy" title="Andrew McCarthy">McCarthy, Andrew</a> (2023). <i>Walking with Sam: A father, a son and five hundred miles across Spain</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Walking+with+Sam%3A+A+father%2C+a+son+and+five+hundred+miles+across+Spain&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=McCarthy&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichener1968" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Michener" class="mw-redirect" title="James Michener">Michener, James</a> (1968). <i><a href="/wiki/Iberia_(book)" title="Iberia (book)">Iberia</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iberia&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Michener&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoore2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Moore_(writer)" title="Tim Moore (writer)">Moore, Tim</a> (2004). <i>Spanish Steps: Travels With My Donkey</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spanish+Steps%3A+Travels+With+My+Donkey&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Tim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNooteboom1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cees_Nooteboom" title="Cees Nooteboom">Nooteboom, Cees</a> (1996). <i><a href="/wiki/Roads_to_Santiago" title="Roads to Santiago">Roads to Santiago</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Roads+to+Santiago&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Nooteboom&rft.aufirst=Cees&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRudolph2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Conrad_Rudolph" title="Conrad Rudolph">Rudolph, Conrad</a> (2004). <i>Pilgrimage to the End of the World: The Road to Santiago de Compostela</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pilgrimage+to+the+End+of+the+World%3A+The+Road+to+Santiago+de+Compostela&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Rudolph&rft.aufirst=Conrad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimsionBuist2017" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Graeme_Simsion" title="Graeme Simsion">Simsion, Graeme</a>; Buist, Anne (2017). <i><a href="/wiki/Two_Steps_Forward" title="Two Steps Forward">Two Steps Forward</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Two+Steps+Forward&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Simsion&rft.aufirst=Graeme&rft.au=Buist%2C+Anne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStarkie1957" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Starkie" title="Walter Starkie">Starkie, Walter</a> (1957). <i>The Road to Santiago</i>. E. P. Dutton & Company, Inc.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Road+to+Santiago&rft.pub=E.+P.+Dutton+%26+Company%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1957&rft.aulast=Starkie&rft.aufirst=Walter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhyte2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Whyte_(poet)" title="David Whyte (poet)">Whyte, David</a> (1 May 2012). <i>Santiago</i>. Many Rivers Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160828073425/https://www.davidwhyte.com/english-poetry#Santiago">[1]</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1932887259" title="Special:BookSources/978-1932887259"><bdi>978-1932887259</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Santiago&rft.pages=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20160828073425%2Fhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.davidwhyte.com%2Fenglish-poetry%23Santiago&rft.pub=Many+Rivers+Press&rft.date=2012-05-01&rft.isbn=978-1932887259&rft.aulast=Whyte&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camino_de_Santiago&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camino_de_Santiago_(route_descriptions)" title="Camino de Santiago (route descriptions)">Camino de Santiago (route descriptions)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Calixtinus" title="Codex Calixtinus">Codex Calixtinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confraternity_of_Saint_James" title="Confraternity of Saint James">Confraternity of Saint James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_of_Saint_James" title="Cross of Saint James">Cross of Saint James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_de_la_Calzada" title="Dominic de la Calzada">Dominic de la Calzada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Tour" title="Grand Tour">Grand Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Hajj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_door_(Cathedral_of_Santiago_de_Compostela)" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy door (Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela)">Holy Door</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_100_Kannon_Pilgrimage" title="Japan 100 Kannon Pilgrimage">Japan 100 Kannon Pilgrimage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeju_Olle_Trail" title="Jeju Olle Trail">Jeju Olle Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumano_Kodo" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumano Kodo">Kumano Kodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_pilgrimage_sites" title="List of Christian pilgrimage sites">List of Christian pilgrimage sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Remnant" title="Mary Remnant">Mary Remnant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Santiago" title="Order of Santiago">Order of Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palatine_Ways_of_St._James" title="Palatine Ways of St. James">Palatine Ways of St. James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Path_of_Miracles" title="Path of Miracles">Path of Miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shikoku_Pilgrimage" title="Shikoku Pilgrimage">Shikoku Pilgrimage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Via_Jacobi" title="Via Jacobi">Via Jacobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_the_Camino:_Six_Ways_to_Santiago" title="Walking the Camino: Six Ways to Santiago">Walking the Camino: Six Ways to Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites_of_the_Routes_of_Santiago_de_Compostela_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="World Heritage Sites of the Routes of Santiago de Compostela in France">World Heritage Sites of the Routes of Santiago de Compostela in France</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camino_de_Santiago&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In other languages: <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">El Camino de Santiago</i>; <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>: <i lang="pt">O Caminho de Santiago</i>; <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Le chemin de Saint-Jacques</i>; <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>: <i lang="de">Der Jakobsweg</i>; <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Il Cammino di san Giacomo</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/messages/pont-messages/2009/documents/hf_ben-xvi_mes_20091219_giubileo-compostelano.html">"Message to the Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela (Spain) on the occasion of the opening of the Compostela Holy Year 2010 (December 19, 2009) | BENEDICT XVI"</a>. <i>www.vatican.va</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vatican.va&rft.atitle=Message+to+the+Archbishop+of+Santiago+de+Compostela+%28Spain%29+on+the+occasion+of+the+opening+of+the+Compostela+Holy+Year+2010+%28December+19%2C+2009%29+%7C+BENEDICT+XVI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Fcontent%2Fbenedict-xvi%2Fen%2Fmessages%2Fpont-messages%2F2009%2Fdocuments%2Fhf_ben-xvi_mes_20091219_giubileo-compostelano.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-unesco1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-unesco1_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/669">"Routes of Santiago de Compostela: Camino Francés and Routes of Northern Spain"</a>. <i>UNESCO World Heritage Centre</i>. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft.atitle=Routes+of+Santiago+de+Compostela%3A+Camino+Franc%C3%A9s+and+Routes+of+Northern+Spain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F669&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-unesco2-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-unesco2_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/868">"Routes of Santiago de Compostela in France"</a>. <i>UNESCO World Heritage Centre</i>. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft.atitle=Routes+of+Santiago+de+Compostela+in+France&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F868&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKent1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Kent, William H. (1913). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Indulgences"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Indulgences">"Indulgences" </a></span>. In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Indulgences&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rft.aulast=Kent&rft.aufirst=William+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span> This entry on indulgences suggests that the evolution of the doctrine came to include a pilgrimage to shrines as a trend that developed from the 8th century A.D.: "Among other forms of commutation were pilgrimages to well-known shrines such as that at <a href="/wiki/St._Albans" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Albans">St. Albans</a> in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> or at Compostela in Spain. But the most important place of pilgrimage was Rome. According to <a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede</a> (674–735) the <i>visitatio liminum</i>, or visit to the tomb of the Apostles, was even then regarded as a good work of great efficacy (Hist. Eccl., IV, 23). At first the pilgrims came simply to venerate the relics of the <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Apostles" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelve Apostles">Apostles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christian_martyrs" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian martyrs">martyrs</a>, but in course of time their chief purpose was to gain the indulgences granted by the pope and attached especially to the <a href="/wiki/Stations_of_the_Cross" title="Stations of the Cross">Stations</a>."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Santiago-de-Compostela">"Santiago de Compostela | Spain"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Santiago+de+Compostela+%7C+Spain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FSantiago-de-Compostela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chadwick-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-chadwick_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChadwick1976" class="citation cs2">Chadwick, Henry (1976), <i>Priscillian of Avila</i>, Oxford University Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Priscillian+of+Avila&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Chadwick&rft.aufirst=Henry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fletcher-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fletcher_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFletcher1984" class="citation cs2">Fletcher, Richard A. (1984), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libro.uca.edu/sjc/sjc.htm"><i>Saint James's Catapult : The Life and Times of Diego Gelmírez of Santiago de Compostela</i></a>, Oxford University Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saint+James%27s+Catapult+%3A+The+Life+and+Times+of+Diego+Gelm%C3%ADrez+of+Santiago+de+Compostela&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1984&rft.aulast=Fletcher&rft.aufirst=Richard+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibro.uca.edu%2Fsjc%2Fsjc.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140916050419/http://www.csj.org.uk/holy-years.htm">"Holy Years at Santiago de Compostela"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csj.org.uk/holy-years.htm">the original</a> on 16 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Holy+Years+at+Santiago+de+Compostela&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csj.org.uk%2Fholy-years.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-route-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-route_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dspace.dial.pipex.com/telegraph/04camino/04000001.htm">Medieval footpath under the stars of the Milky Way</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061217160109/http://dspace.dial.pipex.com/telegraph/04camino/04000001.htm">Archived</a> 17 December 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>". <i>Telegraph Online</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bahrami-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bahrami_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBahrami2009" class="citation book cs1">Bahrami, Beebe (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f6F_cqGOAr4C&q=Queen+Lupa"><i>The Spiritual Traveler: Spain : a Guide to Sacred Sites and Pilgrim Routes</i></a>. Paulist Press. p. 36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58768-047-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58768-047-2"><bdi>978-1-58768-047-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Spiritual+Traveler%3A+Spain+%3A+a+Guide+to+Sacred+Sites+and+Pilgrim+Routes&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=Paulist+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-58768-047-2&rft.aulast=Bahrami&rft.aufirst=Beebe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Df6F_cqGOAr4C%26q%3DQueen%2BLupa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Starkie-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Starkie_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Starkie_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStarkie1965" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Starkie" title="Walter Starkie">Starkie, Walter</a> (1965) [1957]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9xJGrnvuNW4C"><i>The Roads to Santiago: Pilgrims of St. James</i></a>. University of California Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Roads+to+Santiago%3A+Pilgrims+of+St.+James&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1965&rft.aulast=Starkie&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9xJGrnvuNW4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKosloski2017" class="citation web cs1">Kosloski, Philip (25 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleteia.org/2017/07/25/how-the-scallop-shell-became-a-symbol-of-pilgrimage/">"How the scallop shell became a symbol of pilgrimage"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+the+scallop+shell+became+a+symbol+of+pilgrimage&rft.date=2017-07-25&rft.aulast=Kosloski&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faleteia.org%2F2017%2F07%2F25%2Fhow-the-scallop-shell-became-a-symbol-of-pilgrimage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-navarra-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-navarra_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.turismo.navarra.es/eng/propuestas/camino-santiago/informacion-general-camino/curiosidades-camino.htm">"Pilgrim's Way to Santiago: Curiosities"</a>. <i>Navarre Tourist Board</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Navarre+Tourist+Board&rft.atitle=Pilgrim%27s+Way+to+Santiago%3A+Curiosities&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.turismo.navarra.es%2Feng%2Fpropuestas%2Fcamino-santiago%2Finformacion-general-camino%2Fcuriosidades-camino.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pilgrim's or Palmer's Staff <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">bourdon</i>: this was used as a device in a coat of arms as early at least as Edward II's reign, as will be seen. The Staff and the Escallop shell were the badge of the pilgrim, and hence it is but natural it should find its way into the shields of those who had visited the Holy Land.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heraldsnet.org/saitou/parker/images/m460b.gif">"figure 1"</a>. <i>heraldsnet.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=heraldsnet.org&rft.atitle=figure+1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heraldsnet.org%2Fsaitou%2Fparker%2Fimages%2Fm460b.gif&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heraldsnet.org/saitou/parker/images/m460b.gif">"figure 2"</a>. <i>heraldsnet.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=heraldsnet.org&rft.atitle=figure+2&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heraldsnet.org%2Fsaitou%2Fparker%2Fimages%2Fm460b.gif&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heraldsnet.org/saitou/parker/Jpglossj.htm">"J"</a>. <i>A GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN HERALDRY</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=A+GLOSSARY+OF+TERMS+USED+IN+HERALDRY&rft.atitle=J&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heraldsnet.org%2Fsaitou%2Fparker%2FJpglossj.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaldron1979" class="citation journal cs1">Waldron, Thomas (1979). "The Sign of the Scallop Shell". <i>The Furrow</i>. <b>30</b> (10): 646–649. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27660823">27660823</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Furrow&rft.atitle=The+Sign+of+the+Scallop+Shell&rft.volume=30&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=646-649&rft.date=1979&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27660823%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Waldron&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Billington-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Billington_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBillington1989" class="citation news cs1">Billington, Rachel (1 October 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/01/magazine/santiago-s-golden-legend.html">"Santiago's Golden Legend"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> Magazine</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times+Magazine&rft.atitle=Santiago%27s+Golden+Legend&rft.date=1989-10-01&rft.aulast=Billington&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1989%2F10%2F01%2Fmagazine%2Fsantiago-s-golden-legend.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120301095104/http://www.caminoguides.com/history.html">"Brief history: The Camino – past, present & future"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.caminoguides.com/history.html">the original</a> on 1 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brief+history%3A+The+Camino+%E2%80%93+past%2C+present+%26+future&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.caminoguides.com%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>María Ramírez de Medrano and the Foundation of San Juan de Acre Hospital in Navarrete</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/8373680.pdf">https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/8373680.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.durhamworldheritagesite.com/architecture/romanesque">"Romanesque Architecture - Durham World Heritage Site"</a>. <i>www.durhamworldheritagesite.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.durhamworldheritagesite.com&rft.atitle=Romanesque+Architecture+-+Durham+World+Heritage+Site&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.durhamworldheritagesite.com%2Farchitecture%2Fromanesque&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Five_Sensations-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Five_Sensations_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fsensations.com/en/el-poder-simbolico-del-camino">"The symbolic power of the Way of St. James"</a>. <i>Five Sensations</i>. 25 August 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Five+Sensations&rft.atitle=The+symbolic+power+of+the+Way+of+St.+James&rft.date=2015-08-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffsensations.com%2Fen%2Fel-poder-simbolico-del-camino&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaviesCole2003" class="citation book cs1">Davies, Bethan; Cole, Ben (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZSSaHJ8AsqcC&pg=PA179"><i>Walking the Camino de Santiago</i></a>. Pili Pala Press. p. 179. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9731698-0-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-9731698-0-X"><bdi>0-9731698-0-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Walking+the+Camino+de+Santiago&rft.pages=179&rft.pub=Pili+Pala+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-9731698-0-X&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=Bethan&rft.au=Cole%2C+Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZSSaHJ8AsqcC%26pg%3DPA179&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBignami2004" class="citation journal cs1">Bignami, Giovanni F. (26 March 2004). "Visions of the Milky Way". <i>Science</i>. <b>303</b> (5666): 1979. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1096275">10.1126/science.1096275</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3836327">3836327</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:191291730">191291730</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Visions+of+the+Milky+Way&rft.volume=303&rft.issue=5666&rft.pages=1979&rft.date=2004-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A191291730%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3836327%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1096275&rft.aulast=Bignami&rft.aufirst=Giovanni+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RingWatson2013-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RingWatson2013_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAruna_Vasadevan2013" class="citation book cs1">Aruna Vasadevan (5 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fYH7AQAAQBAJ&pg=PA621">"Santiago de Compostela (La Coruña, Spain)"</a>. In Trudy Ring; Noelle Watson; Paul Schellinger (eds.). <i>Southern Europe: International Dictionary of Historic Places</i>. Taylor & Francis. pp. 621–624. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-25965-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-25965-6"><bdi>978-1-134-25965-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Santiago+de+Compostela+%28La+Coru%C3%B1a%2C+Spain%29&rft.btitle=Southern+Europe%3A+International+Dictionary+of+Historic+Places&rft.pages=621-624&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2013-11-05&rft.isbn=978-1-134-25965-6&rft.au=Aruna+Vasadevan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfYH7AQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA621&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120401205847/http://www.flandes.net/ideas_para_visitar_flandes/huellas_espanolas_en_flandes/">"Huellas españolas en Flandes"</a>. Turismo de Bélgica. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flandes.net/ideas_para_visitar_flandes/huellas_espanolas_en_flandes/">the original</a> on 1 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Huellas+espa%C3%B1olas+en+Flandes&rft.pub=Turismo+de+B%C3%A9lgica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flandes.net%2Fideas_para_visitar_flandes%2Fhuellas_espanolas_en_flandes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AFP_pilgrimages-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AFP_pilgrimages_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.masshist.org/digitaladams/archive/doc?id=A2_1&rec=sheet&archive=autobiography&hi=1&numRecs=61&tag=place&num=10&bc">"John Adams autobiography, part 3, Peace, 1779–1780, sheet 10 of 18"</a>. 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August 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+Adams+autobiography%2C+part+3%2C+Peace%2C+1779%E2%80%931780%2C+sheet+10+of+18&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press%2C+1961&rft.date=2007-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.masshist.org%2Fdigitaladams%2Farchive%2Fdoc%3Fid%3DA2_1%26rec%3Dsheet%26archive%3Dautobiography%26hi%3D1%26numRecs%3D61%26tag%3Dplace%26num%3D10%26bc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mitchell-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mitchell_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMitchell-Lanham2015" class="citation book cs1">Mitchell-Lanham, Jean (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N9C0BgAAQBAJ&pg=PR15"><i>The Lore of the Camino de Santiago: A Literary Pilgrimage</i></a>. Two Harbors Press. p. xv. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-63413-333-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-63413-333-3"><bdi>978-1-63413-333-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lore+of+the+Camino+de+Santiago%3A+A+Literary+Pilgrimage&rft.pages=xv&rft.pub=Two+Harbors+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-63413-333-3&rft.aulast=Mitchell-Lanham&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DN9C0BgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPR15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErimatica" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Erimatica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.editorialbuencamino.com/estadistica-peregrinos-del-camino-de-santiago/">"Estadística de peregrinos del Camino de Santiago a 2018"</a>. <i>Camino de Santiago. Guía definitiva: etapas, albergues, rutas</i> (in European Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Camino+de+Santiago.+Gu%C3%ADa+definitiva%3A+etapas%2C+albergues%2C+rutas&rft.atitle=Estad%C3%ADstica+de+peregrinos+del+Camino+de+Santiago+a+2018&rft.au=Erimatica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.editorialbuencamino.com%2Festadistica-peregrinos-del-camino-de-santiago%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhangRamos-RieraLabajo2024" class="citation journal cs1">Zhang, Ke; Ramos-Riera, Ignacio; Labajo, Victoria (1 February 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10943-023-01976-4">"Feet in Hell, Spirit in Heaven: Spiritual Transformation of Chinese Travelers on the Camino de Santiago"</a>. <i>Journal of Religion and Health</i>. <b>63</b> (1): 89–108. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10943-023-01976-4">10.1007/s10943-023-01976-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1573-6571">1573-6571</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Religion+and+Health&rft.atitle=Feet+in+Hell%2C+Spirit+in+Heaven%3A+Spiritual+Transformation+of+Chinese+Travelers+on+the+Camino+de+Santiago&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=89-108&rft.date=2024-02-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10943-023-01976-4&rft.issn=1573-6571&rft.aulast=Zhang&rft.aufirst=Ke&rft.au=Ramos-Riera%2C+Ignacio&rft.au=Labajo%2C+Victoria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Farticle%2F10.1007%2Fs10943-023-01976-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-no_of_pilgrims-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-no_of_pilgrims_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060715142949/http://www.csj.org.uk/present.htm">"The present-day pilgrimage"</a>. The Confraternity of Saint James. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csj.org.uk/present.htm">the original</a> on 15 July 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+present-day+pilgrimage&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csj.org.uk%2Fpresent.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-stats2016-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stats2016_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-stats2016_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170809170259/http://oficinadelperegrino.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/peregrinaciones2016.pdf">"Informe estadístico Año 2016"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Oficina del Peregrino de Santiago de Compostela. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oficinadelperegrino.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/peregrinaciones2016.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 9 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Informe+estad%C3%ADstico+A%C3%B1o+2016&rft.pub=Oficina+del+Peregrino+de+Santiago+de+Compostela&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foficinadelperegrino.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F02%2Fperegrinaciones2016.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.caminosantiagodecompostela.com/camino-de-santiago-primitivo">"Primitive Way-Camino de Santiago Primitivo"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 December</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Primitive+Way-Camino+de+Santiago+Primitivo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.caminosantiagodecompostela.com%2Fcamino-de-santiago-primitivo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThe_Confraternity_of_Saint_James" class="citation web cs1">The Confraternity of Saint James. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160630234156/http://www.csj.org.uk/planning-your-pilgrimage/routes-to-santiago/the-route-in-portugal/">"The Camino Portugués"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csj.org.uk/planning-your-pilgrimage/routes-to-santiago/the-route-in-portugal/">the original</a> on 30 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Camino+Portugu%C3%A9s&rft.au=The+Confraternity+of+Saint+James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csj.org.uk%2Fplanning-your-pilgrimage%2Froutes-to-santiago%2Fthe-route-in-portugal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://caminoways.com/ways/northern-way-camino-del-norte">"Camino del Norte"</a>. <i>Camino Ways</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Camino+Ways&rft.atitle=Camino+del+Norte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcaminoways.com%2Fways%2Fnorthern-way-camino-del-norte&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Camino Polaco. Teologia - Sztuka - Historia - Teraźniejszość</i> - Edited by Fr. dr. Piotr Roszak and professor dr. Waldemar Rozynkowski. published by Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika (<a href="/wiki/Toru%C5%84" title="Toruń">Toruń</a>); volume 1 (2014), volume 2 (2015), volume 3 (2016) in Polish.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barry Smith, Olimpia Giuliana Loddo and Giuseppe Lorini, "On Credentials", <i>Journal of Social Ontology</i>, DOI: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1515/jso-2019-0034">https://doi.org/10.1515/jso-2019-0034</a> | Published online: 07 Aug 2020.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pilgrim.es/en/plan-your-way/the-compostela/">"▷ The Compostela . What is it. How to get it. Minimum distance required"</a>. <i>Pilgrim</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pilgrim&rft.atitle=%E2%96%B7+The+Compostela+.+What+is+it.+How+to+get+it.+Minimum+distance+required&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pilgrim.es%2Fen%2Fplan-your-way%2Fthe-compostela%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150129043450/http://www.csj.org.uk/the-present-day-pilgrimage/the-compostela/#content">"The Compostela"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Confraternity_of_Saint_James" title="Confraternity of Saint James">Confraternity of Saint James</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csj.org.uk/the-present-day-pilgrimage/the-compostela/">the original</a> on 29 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Compostela&rft.pub=Confraternity+of+Saint+James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csj.org.uk%2Fthe-present-day-pilgrimage%2Fthe-compostela%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oficinadelperegrino.com/en/pilgrimage/the-compostela">"The Compostela"</a>. Oficina del Peregrino de Santiago de Compostela.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Compostela&rft.pub=Oficina+del+Peregrino+de+Santiago+de+Compostela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foficinadelperegrino.com%2Fen%2Fpilgrimage%2Fthe-compostela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100101094841/http://www.archicompostela.org/peregrinos/Estadisticas/peregrinanos.htm">"Pilgrims by year according to the office of pilgrims at the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archicompostela.org/peregrinos/Estadisticas/peregrinanos.htm">the original</a> on 1 January 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pilgrims+by+year+according+to+the+office+of+pilgrims+at+the+Cathedral+of+Santiago+de+Compostela&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archicompostela.org%2Fperegrinos%2FEstadisticas%2Fperegrinanos.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120119141232/http://www.archicompostela.org/peregrinos/Estadisticas/estadisticas2006.htm">"Pilgrims 2006–2009 according to the office of pilgrims at the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archicompostela.org/peregrinos/Estadisticas/estadisticas2006.htm">the original</a> on 19 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pilgrims+2006%E2%80%932009+according+to+the+office+of+pilgrims+at+the+Cathedral+of+Santiago+de+Compostela&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archicompostela.org%2Fperegrinos%2FEstadisticas%2Festadisticas2006.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140814044309/http://peregrinossantiago.es/eng/pilgrims-office/statistics/">"Statistics"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://peregrinossantiago.es/eng/pilgrims-office/statistics">the original</a> on 14 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fperegrinossantiago.es%2Feng%2Fpilgrims-office%2Fstatistics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oficinadelperegrino.com/en/statistics/">"Statistics"</a>. Oficina del Peregrino de Santiago de Compostela.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistics&rft.pub=Oficina+del+Peregrino+de+Santiago+de+Compostela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foficinadelperegrino.com%2Fen%2Fstatistics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oficinadelperegrino.com/en/statistics-2/">"Statistics"</a>. Oficina del Peregrino de Santiago de Compostela.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistics&rft.pub=Oficina+del+Peregrino+de+Santiago+de+Compostela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foficinadelperegrino.com%2Fen%2Fstatistics-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160812163648/http://www.catedraldesantiago.es/en/masses">"Masses Hours"</a>. <i>catedraldesantiago.es</i>. Catedral de Santiago de Compostela. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catedraldesantiago.es/en/masses">the original</a> on 12 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=catedraldesantiago.es&rft.atitle=Masses+Hours&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catedraldesantiago.es%2Fen%2Fmasses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160812162947/http://www.catedraldesantiago.es/en/node/482">"The Botafumeiro"</a>. <i>catedraldesantiago.es</i>. Catedral de Santiago de Compostela. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catedraldesantiago.es/en/node/482">the original</a> on 12 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=catedraldesantiago.es&rft.atitle=The+Botafumeiro&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catedraldesantiago.es%2Fen%2Fnode%2F482&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160816151812/http://www.catedraldesantiago.es/en/node/485">"The Holy Year: When Does the Holy Year Take Place?"</a>. <i>catedraldesantiago.es</i>. Catedral de Santiago de Compostela. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catedraldesantiago.es/en/node/485">the original</a> on 16 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 August</span> 2016</span>. <q>It is Holy Year in Compostela when the 25th of July, Commemoration of the Martyrdom of Saint James, falls on a Sunday.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=catedraldesantiago.es&rft.atitle=The+Holy+Year%3A+When+Does+the+Holy+Year+Take+Place%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catedraldesantiago.es%2Fen%2Fnode%2F485&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span> 8 December 2015 – 20 November 2016, Pope Francis's <a href="/wiki/Extraordinary_Jubilee_of_Mercy" title="Extraordinary Jubilee of Mercy">Extraordinary Jubilee of Mercy</a>, was also a Holy Year.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKassamBanfield-Nwachi2024" class="citation news cs1">Kassam, Ashifa; Banfield-Nwachi, Mabel (11 November 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/nov/11/women-pilgrimage-camino-de-santiago-sexual-harassment">"Women walking Camino de Santiago speak of 'terrifying' sexual harassment"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Women+walking+Camino+de+Santiago+speak+of+%E2%80%98terrifying%E2%80%99+sexual+harassment&rft.date=2024-11-11&rft.aulast=Kassam&rft.aufirst=Ashifa&rft.au=Banfield-Nwachi%2C+Mabel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2024%2Fnov%2F11%2Fwomen-pilgrimage-camino-de-santiago-sexual-harassment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMDb—The_Way-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IMDb—The_Way_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1441912">"The Way (2010)"</a>. IMDb<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Way+%282010%29&rft.pub=IMDb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt1441912&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-theway-themovie.com-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-theway-themovie.com_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716055933/http://www.theway-themovie.com/">"The way official movie site"</a>. Theway-themovie.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theway-themovie.com/">the original</a> on 16 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+way+official+movie+site&rft.pub=Theway-themovie.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theway-themovie.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ricksteves.com-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ricksteves.com_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110427041356/http://www.ricksteves.com/tvr/pledge/viva/northern_travel.htm">"Rick Steves travel show, episode: "Northern Spain and the Camino de Santiago"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. ricksteves.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ricksteves.com/tvr/pledge/viva/northern_travel.htm">the original</a> on 27 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rick+Steves+travel+show%2C+episode%3A+%22Northern+Spain+and+the+Camino+de+Santiago%22&rft.pub=ricksteves.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ricksteves.com%2Ftvr%2Fpledge%2Fviva%2Fnorthern_travel.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140531112004/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uAy_m9JW-ho">"YouTube"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uAy_m9JW-ho">the original</a> on 31 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=YouTube&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DuAy_m9JW-ho&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMDb—Lydia_B_Smith-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IMDb—Lydia_B_Smith_56-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0809166/?ref_=tt_ov_dr">"Lydia B Smith"</a>. IMDb<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lydia+B+Smith&rft.pub=IMDb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Fname%2Fnm0809166%2F%3Fref_%3Dtt_ov_dr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.caminodocumentary.org">"Walking the Camino: Six Ways to Santiago"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Walking+the+Camino%3A+Six+Ways+to+Santiago&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.caminodocumentary.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camino_de_Santiago&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 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.sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Way of Saint James</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Camino_de_Santiago" class="extiw" title="wikt:Camino de Santiago">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Way_of_St._James" class="extiw" title="c:Way of St. James">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Way_of_Saint_James" class="extiw" title="voy:Way of Saint James">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41150" class="extiw" title="d:Q41150">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <p><br /> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdm16028.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p15324coll10/id/111171">"The Art of medieval Spain, A.D. 500–1200, an exhibition catalog"</a>. <i>The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries</i>. pp. 175–183. <q>(fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Way of St. James</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art+Libraries&rft.atitle=The+Art+of+medieval+Spain%2C+A.D.+500%E2%80%931200%2C+an+exhibition+catalog&rft.pages=175-183&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdm16028.contentdm.oclc.org%2Fdigital%2Fcollection%2Fp15324coll10%2Fid%2F111171&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACamino+de+Santiago" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Way_of_Saint_James" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ways_of_Saint_James" title="Template:Ways of Saint James"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ways_of_Saint_James" title="Template talk:Ways of Saint James"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ways_of_Saint_James" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ways of Saint James"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Way_of_Saint_James" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Way of Saint James</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Camino_de_Santiago_(route_descriptions)" title="Camino de Santiago (route descriptions)">Routes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Way" title="French Way">French Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aragonese_Way" title="Aragonese Way">Aragonese Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Way" title="Northern Way">Northern Way</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tunnel_Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tunnel Way (page does not exist)">Tunnel Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Way" title="English Way">English Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADa_de_la_Plata" title="Vía de la Plata">Vía de la Plata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camino_Primitivo" title="Camino Primitivo">Camino Primitivo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalan_Way_(route)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Catalan Way (route) (page does not exist)">Catalan Way</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camino_de_Madrid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Camino de Madrid (page does not exist)">Camino de Madrid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camino_Real_(St._James%27_Way)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Camino Real (St. James' Way) (page does not exist)">Camino Real</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruta_de_Campoo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruta de Campoo (page does not exist)">Ruta de Campoo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruta_Vadiniese&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruta Vadiniese (page does not exist)">Ruta Vadiniese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_way_of_La_Valdavia" title="Royal way of La Valdavia">Royal way of La Valdavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Routes_of_Santiago_de_Compostela_in_France" title="Routes of Santiago de Compostela in France">France</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Via_Gebennensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Via Gebennensis (page does not exist)">Via Gebennensis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Via_Lemovicensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Via Lemovicensis (page does not exist)">Via Lemovicensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Via_Podiensis" title="Via Podiensis">Via Podiensis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Via_Tolosane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Via Tolosane (page does not exist)">Via Tolosane</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Via_Turonensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Via Turonensis (page does not exist)">Via Turonensis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Portuguese_Way" class="mw-redirect" title="The Portuguese Way">Portuguese Way</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Switzerland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Via_Jacobi" title="Via Jacobi">Via Jacobi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Poland</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lesser_Poland_Way" title="Lesser Poland Way">Lesser Polish Way</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Greater_Polish_Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Greater Polish Way (page does not exist)">Greater Polish Way</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lower_Silesian_Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lower Silesian Way (page does not exist)">Lower Silesian Way</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camino_Polaco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Camino Polaco (page does not exist)">Camino Polaco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camino_Polaco_del_Norte&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Camino Polaco del Norte (page does not exist)">Camino Polaco del Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Via_Cervimontana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Via Cervimontana (page does not exist)">Via Cervimontana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silesian-Moravian_Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Silesian-Moravian Way (page does not exist)">Silesian-Moravian Way</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Slovakia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lesser_Slovakia_Way&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lesser Slovakia Way (page does not exist)">Lesser Slovakia Way</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakubska_cesta_-_Spi%C5%A1_(Ko%C5%A1ice_-_Levo%C4%8Da_-_Litmanov%C3%A1)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jakubska cesta - Spiš (Košice - Levoča - Litmanová) (page does not exist)">Jakubska cesta - Spiš (Košice - Levoča - Litmanová)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakubska_cesta_-_sever_(%C5%BDilina_-_Trojmedzie)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jakubska cesta - sever (Žilina - Trojmedzie) (page does not exist)">Jakubska cesta - sever (Žilina - Trojmedzie)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakubska_cesta_-_stred_(Bansk%C3%A1_Bystrica_-_Zvolen),_Nitra_(B._%C5%A0tiavnica_-_Nitra)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jakubska cesta - stred (Banská Bystrica - Zvolen), Nitra (B. Štiavnica - Nitra) (page does not exist)">Jakubska cesta - stred (Banská Bystrica - Zvolen), Nitra (B. Štiavnica - Nitra)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakubska_cesta_-_z%C3%A1pad_(Trnava_-_Bratislava_-_Wien)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jakubska cesta - západ (Trnava - Bratislava - Wien) (page does not exist)">Jakubska cesta - západ (Trnava - Bratislava - Wien)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Austria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakobsweg_Wien_-_Salzburg_-_Insbruck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jakobsweg Wien - Salzburg - Insbruck (page does not exist)">Jakobsweg Wien - Salzburg - Insbruck</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Germany</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Palatine_Ways_of_St._James" title="Palatine Ways of St. James">Palatine Ways</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Muszla_Jakuba.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Way of Saint James symbol"><img alt="Way of Saint James symbol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Muszla_Jakuba.svg/75px-Muszla_Jakuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Muszla_Jakuba.svg/113px-Muszla_Jakuba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Muszla_Jakuba.svg/150px-Muszla_Jakuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="607" data-file-height="593" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:gold;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Codex_Calixtinus" title="Codex Calixtinus">Codex Calixtinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confraternity_of_Saint_James" title="Confraternity of Saint James">Confraternity of Saint James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Santiago" title="Order of Santiago">Order of Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Via_Regia" title="Via Regia">Via Regia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background:gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Walking_routes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Walking_routes" title="Template:Walking routes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Walking_routes" title="Template talk:Walking routes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Walking_routes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Walking routes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Walking_routes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Walking routes</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Camino de Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Via_Francigena" title="Via Francigena">Via Francigena</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Via_degli_Abati&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Via degli Abati (page does not exist)">Via degli Abati</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cammino_di_Sant%27Antonio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cammino di Sant'Antonio (page does not exist)">Cammino di Sant'Antonio</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cammino_di_San_Pietro_Eremita&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cammino di San Pietro Eremita (page does not exist)">Cammino di San Pietro Eremita</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cammino_di_Francesco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cammino di Francesco (page does not exist)">Cammino di Francesco</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Via_di_Francesco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Via di Francesco (page does not exist)">Via di Francesco</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cultural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Via_degli_Dei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Via degli Dei (page does not exist)">Via degli Dei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Via_dei_Marsi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Via dei Marsi (page does not exist)">Via dei Marsi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cammino_dei_Briganti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cammino dei Briganti (page does not exist)">Cammino dei Briganti</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Via_del_Trasimeno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Via del Trasimeno (page does not exist)">Via del Trasimeno</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sentiero_del_Brigante&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sentiero del Brigante (page does not exist)">Sentiero del Brigante</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/23px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/35px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/46px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Religious" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbots_Way_Walk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abbots Way Walk (page does not exist)">Abbots Way Walk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Religious" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Camino_de_San_Salvador&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Camino de San Salvador (page does not exist)">Camino de San Salvador</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="23x15px&#124;border&#124;link=&#124;alt=_Japan" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Religious" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shikoku_Pilgrimage" title="Shikoku Pilgrimage">Shikoku Pilgrimage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumano_Kod%C5%8D" title="Kumano Kodō">Kumano Kodō</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Routes_of_Santiago_de_Compostela:_Camino_Francés_and_Routes_of_Northern_Spain" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Routes_of_Santiago_de_Compostela_Camino_Franc%C3%A9s_and_Routes_of_Northern_Spain" title="Template:Routes of Santiago de Compostela Camino Francés and Routes of Northern Spain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Routes_of_Santiago_de_Compostela_Camino_Franc%C3%A9s_and_Routes_of_Northern_Spain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Routes of Santiago de Compostela Camino Francés and Routes of Northern Spain (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Routes_of_Santiago_de_Compostela_Camino_Franc%C3%A9s_and_Routes_of_Northern_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Routes of Santiago de Compostela Camino Francés and Routes of Northern Spain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Routes_of_Santiago_de_Compostela:_Camino_Francés_and_Routes_of_Northern_Spain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Routes_of_Santiago_de_Compostela:_Camino_Franc%C3%A9s_and_Routes_of_Northern_Spain" title="Routes of Santiago de Compostela: Camino Francés and Routes of Northern Spain">Routes of Santiago de Compostela: Camino Francés and Routes of Northern Spain</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;">669bis-001:</span> <a href="/wiki/Camino_Primitivo" title="Camino Primitivo">Primitive Way</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">669bis-002:</span> <a href="/wiki/Northern_Way" title="Northern Way">Northern Way</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">669bis-003:</span> <a href="/wiki/French_Way" title="French Way">French Way</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">669bis-004:</span> Liébana Way</li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">669bis-005:</span> <a href="/wiki/Oviedo_Cathedral" title="Oviedo Cathedral">Cathedral of San Salvador</a> and <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1mara_Santa" title="Cámara Santa">Holy chamber</a> (Oviedo)</li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">669bis-006:</span> <a href="/wiki/Monasterio_de_San_Salvador_(Cornellana)" title="Monasterio de San Salvador (Cornellana)">Church and Monastery of San Salvador</a> (Salas)</li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">669bis-007:</span> <a href="/wiki/Lugo_Cathedral" title="Lugo Cathedral">Lugo Cathedral</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">669bis-008:</span> <a href="/wiki/Roman_walls_of_Lugo" title="Roman walls of Lugo">Roman walls of Lugo</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">669bis-009:</span> Collegiate Church of Ziortza (Ziortza-Bolibar)</li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">669bis-010:</span> <a href="/wiki/Bilbao_Cathedral" title="Bilbao Cathedral">Cathedral of Saint James apostle</a> (Bilbao)</li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">669bis-011:</span> Church of Santa María de la Asunción (Castro Urdiales)</li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">669bis-012:</span> <a href="/wiki/Collegiate_church_and_cloister_of_St_Juliana" title="Collegiate church and cloister of St Juliana">Collegiate church and cloister of St Juliana</a> (Santillana del Mar)</li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">669bis-013:</span> <a href="/wiki/Church_of_San_Salvador_de_Priesca" title="Church of San Salvador de Priesca">Church of San Salvador de Priesca</a> (Villaviciosa)</li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">669bis-014:</span> <a href="/wiki/Iglesia_de_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_(Soto_de_Lui%C3%B1a)" title="Iglesia de Santa María (Soto de Luiña)">Church of Santa María de Soto de Luiña</a> (Cudillero)</li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">669bis-015:</span> <a href="/wiki/Mondo%C3%B1edo_Cathedral" title="Mondoñedo Cathedral">Mondoñedo Cathedral</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">669bis-016:</span> <a href="/wiki/Sobrado_Abbey" title="Sobrado Abbey">Sobrado dos Monxes Abbey</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">669bis-017:</span> <a href="/wiki/San_Adrian_(tunnel)" title="San Adrian (tunnel)">Tunnel of San Adrian</a></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">669bis-018:</span> <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_de_Vitoria" title="Cathedral of Santa María de Vitoria">Cathedral of Santa María de Vitoria</a> (Vitoria-Gasteiz)</li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">669bis-019:</span> Briñas bridge over the Ebro river (Haro)</li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;">669bis-020:</span> <a href="/wiki/Santo_Toribio_de_Li%C3%A9bana" title="Santo Toribio de Liébana">Monastery of Santo Toribio de Liébana</a> (Camaleño)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:World_Heritage_Logo_global.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/World_Heritage_Logo_global.svg/50px-World_Heritage_Logo_global.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/World_Heritage_Logo_global.svg/75px-World_Heritage_Logo_global.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/World_Heritage_Logo_global.svg/100px-World_Heritage_Logo_global.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pre-romanesque_art_in_the_Kingdom_of_Asturias" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asturian_Art" title="Template:Asturian Art"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asturian_Art" title="Template talk:Asturian Art"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asturian_Art" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asturian Art"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pre-romanesque_art_in_the_Kingdom_of_Asturias" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Pre-romanesque art in the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Asturias" title="Kingdom of Asturias">Kingdom of Asturias</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>Pre-Romanesque art in Asturias is framed between the years 711 and 925, the period of the rise and extension of the Kingdom of Asturias.</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Architecture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st period (737 to 791)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Cangas_de_On%C3%ADs" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Cruz de Cangas de Onís">Santa Cruz de Cangas de Onís</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_San_Juan_Ap%C3%B3stol_y_Evangelista,_Santianes_de_Pravia" title="Church of San Juan Apóstol y Evangelista, Santianes de Pravia">Church of San Juan Apóstol y Evangelista</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd period (791 to 842)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oviedo_Cathedral" title="Oviedo Cathedral">Cathedral Basilica of San Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela_Cathedral" title="Santiago de Compostela Cathedral">Pilgrimage church of Santiago de Compostela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Tirso,_Oviedo" title="San Tirso, Oviedo">Church of San Tirso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juli%C3%A1n_de_los_Prados" title="San Julián de los Prados">Church of San Julián de los Prados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_de_Bendones" title="Church of Santa María de Bendones">Church of Santa María de Bendones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_San_Pedro_de_Nora" title="Church of San Pedro de Nora">Church of San Pedro de Nora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Santiago_de_Gobiendes" title="Church of Santiago de Gobiendes">Church of Santiago de Gobiendes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1mara_Santa" title="Cámara Santa">Cámara Santa of Oviedo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd period (842 to 866)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Mar%C3%ADa_del_Naranco" title="Santa María del Naranco">Church of Santa María del Naranco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Miguel_de_Lillo" title="San Miguel de Lillo">Church of San Miguel de Lillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cristina_de_Lena" title="Santa Cristina de Lena">Church of Santa Cristina de Lena</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">4th period (866 to 910)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_San_Salvador_de_Valdedi%C3%B3s" title="Church of San Salvador de Valdediós">Church of San Salvador de Valdediós</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Santo_Adriano_de_Tu%C3%B1%C3%B3n" title="Church of Santo Adriano de Tuñón">Church of Santo Adriano de Tuñón</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">5th period (910 to 925)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_San_Salvador_de_Priesca" title="Church of San Salvador de Priesca">Church of San Salvador de Priesca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cruz_de_Asturias.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Cruz_de_Asturias.svg/130px-Cruz_de_Asturias.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Cruz_de_Asturias.svg/195px-Cruz_de_Asturias.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Cruz_de_Asturias.svg/260px-Cruz_de_Asturias.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="390" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Foncalada" title="La Foncalada">La Foncalada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beatus_of_Li%C3%A9bana" title="Beatus of Liébana">Beatus of Liébana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tioda" title="Tioda">Tioda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minor arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Victory_Cross" title="Victory Cross">Cruz de la Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_of_the_Angels" title="Cross of the Angels">Cruz de los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agate_Casket_of_Oviedo" title="Agate Casket of Oviedo">Agate box</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spiritual legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Camino de Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Cava_Bible" title="La Cava Bible">Codex Cavensis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Asturias" title="Kingdom of Asturias">Kingdom of Asturias (718–925)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asturian_architecture" title="Asturian architecture">Asturian architecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Laureates_of_the_Prince_or_Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Concord" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#99d6ff;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Concord" title="Template:Princess of Asturias Award for Concord"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Concord" title="Template talk:Princess of Asturias Award for Concord"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Concord" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Princess of Asturias Award for Concord"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Laureates_of_the_Prince_or_Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Concord" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Laureates of the <a href="/wiki/Princess_of_Asturias_Awards" title="Princess of Asturias Awards">Prince or Princess of Asturias Award</a> for Concord</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#addeff;"><div id="Prince_of_Asturias_Award_for_Concord" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Prince of Asturias Award for Concord</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1986: <a href="/wiki/Vicariate_of_Solidarity" title="Vicariate of Solidarity">Vicariate of Solidarity</a></li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Villa_El_Salvador" title="Villa El Salvador">Villa El Salvador</a></li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature" title="International Union for Conservation of Nature">International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Fund_for_Nature" title="World Wide Fund for Nature">World Wide Fund for Nature</a></li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Hawking" title="Stephen Hawking">Stephen Hawking</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jews" title="Sephardic Jews">Sephardic</a> Communities</li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9decins_Sans_Fronti%C3%A8res" title="Médecins Sans Frontières">Médecins Sans Frontières</a> and <a href="/wiki/Medicus_Mundi_International" title="Medicus Mundi International">Medicus Mundi</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/AmfAR" title="AmfAR">American Foundation for AIDS Research (amfAR)</a></li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Gesto_por_la_Paz" title="Gesto por la Paz">Association for Peace in the Basque Country</a></li> <li>1994: <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Movement_of_Street_Children&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Movement of Street Children (page does not exist)">National Movement of Street Children</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Messengers_of_Peace_(Spain)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Messengers of Peace (Spain) (page does not exist)">Messengers of Peace</a> and <a href="/wiki/Save_the_Children" title="Save the Children">Save the Children</a></li> <li>1995: H.M. <a href="/wiki/Hussein_of_Jordan" title="Hussein of Jordan">Hussein I</a>, king of Jordan</li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Su%C3%A1rez" title="Adolfo Suárez">Adolfo Suárez</a></li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Mstislav_Rostropovich" title="Mstislav Rostropovich">Mstislav Rostropovich</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yehudi_Menuhin" title="Yehudi Menuhin">Yehudi Menuhin</a></li> <li>1998: Nicolás Castellanos, <a href="/wiki/Vicen%C3%A7_Ferrer_Moncho" title="Vicenç Ferrer Moncho">Vicente Ferrer</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joaqu%C3%ADn_Sanz_Gadea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joaquín Sanz Gadea (page does not exist)">Joaquín Sanz Gadea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yunus" title="Muhammad Yunus">Muhammad Yunus</a></li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/Caritas_Spain" title="Caritas Spain">Caritas Spain</a></li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Spanish_Academy" title="Royal Spanish Academy">Royal Spanish Academy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Academies_of_the_Spanish_Language" title="Association of Academies of the Spanish Language">Association of Academies of the Spanish Language</a></li> <li>2001: <a href="/wiki/World_Network_of_Biosphere_Reserves" title="World Network of Biosphere Reserves">World Network of Biosphere Reserves</a></li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Barenboim" title="Daniel Barenboim">Daniel Barenboim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edward_Said" title="Edward Said">Edward Said</a></li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/J._K._Rowling" title="J. K. Rowling">J. K. Rowling</a></li> <li>2004: The <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Way of St. James</a></li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Daughters_of_Charity_of_Saint_Vincent_de_Paul" title="Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul">Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul</a></li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/UNICEF" title="UNICEF">UNICEF</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Yad_Vashem" title="Yad Vashem">Yad Vashem</a></li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dngrid_Betancourt" title="Íngrid Betancourt">Íngrid Betancourt</a></li> <li>2009: The City of <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manos_Unidas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manos Unidas (page does not exist)">Manos Unidas</a></li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/Fukushima_50" title="Fukushima 50">Fukushima 50</a></li> <li>2012: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spanish_Federation_of_Food_Banks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spanish Federation of Food Banks (page does not exist)">Spanish Federation of Food Banks</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/ONCE" title="ONCE">Spanish Organization for the Blind (ONCE)</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Caddy_Adzuba" title="Caddy Adzuba">Caddy Adzuba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#addeff;"><div id="Princess_of_Asturias_Award_for_Concord" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Princess of Asturias Award for Concord</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Brothers_Hospitallers_of_Saint_John_of_God" title="Brothers Hospitallers of Saint John of God">Hospitaller Order of St John of God</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/SOS_Children%27s_Villages" title="SOS Children's Villages">SOS Children's Villages</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Sylvia_Earle" title="Sylvia Earle">Sylvia A. Earle</a></li> <li>2019: The City of <a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk">Gdańsk</a></li> <li>2020: Spanish health workers on the front line against <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Spain" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Spain">COVID-19</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Andr%C3%A9s" title="José Andrés">José Andrés</a> and the <a href="/wiki/World_Central_Kitchen" title="World Central Kitchen">World Central Kitchen</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/Shigeru_Ban" title="Shigeru Ban">Shigeru Ban</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/wiki/Mary%27s_Meals" title="Mary's Meals">Mary's Meals</a></li> <li>2024: <a href="/wiki/Magnum_Photos" title="Magnum Photos">Magnum Photos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41150#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/243025258">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4114067-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2010013310">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Camino Portugués (Portugalsko a Španělsko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge624484&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Svatojakubská cesta"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge624520&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810537617305606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007599840905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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