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cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="इस विकि में खोजें [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>खोजें</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="विकिपीडिया में खोजें" aria-label="विकिपीडिया में खोजें" autocapitalize="sentences" title="इस विकि में खोजें [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="विशेष:खोज"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">खोजें</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="व्यक्तिगत उपकरण"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="दिखावट"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="पृष्ठ के फ़ॉन्ट का आकार, चौड़ाई और रंग बदलें" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="दिखावट" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">दिखावट</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_hi.wikipedia.org&uselang=hi" class=""><span>दान करें</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81&returnto=%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="हमारा सुझाव है की आप खाता बनाएँ और लॉगिन करें, परन्तु यह अनिवार्य नहीं है" class=""><span>खाता बनाएँ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8&returnto=%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="आपको सत्रारम्भ करने के लिए प्रोत्साहित किया जाता है; लेकिन यह अनिवार्य नहीं है [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>लॉग-इन करें</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="अन्य विकल्प" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="व्यक्तिगत उपकरण" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">व्यक्तिगत उपकरण</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_hi.wikipedia.org&uselang=hi"><span>दान करें</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81&returnto=%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="हमारा सुझाव है की आप खाता बनाएँ और लॉगिन करें, परन्तु यह अनिवार्य नहीं है"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>खाता बनाएँ</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8&returnto=%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="आपको सत्रारम्भ करने के लिए प्रोत्साहित किया जाता है; लेकिन यह अनिवार्य नहीं है [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>लॉग-इन करें</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> लॉग-आउट किए गए संपादकों के लिए पृष्ठ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%AF" aria-label="संपादन के बारे में अधिक जानें"><span>अधिक जानें</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="इस आईपी पते से संपादन की सूची [y]" accesskey="y"><span>योगदान</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="इस आईपी एड्रेससे हुए बदलावों के बारे में वार्ता [n]" accesskey="n"><span>वार्ता</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="साइट"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="सामग्री" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">सामग्री</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">साइडबार पर जाएँ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">छुपाएँ</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">शुरुआत</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-मानक_हिन्दी" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#मानक_हिन्दी"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>मानक हिन्दी</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-मानक_हिन्दी-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-मानक_उर्दू" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#मानक_उर्दू"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>मानक उर्दू</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-मानक_उर्दू-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-सम्बन्धित_लेख" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#सम्बन्धित_लेख"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>सम्बन्धित लेख</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-सम्बन्धित_लेख-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-सन्दर्भ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#सन्दर्भ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>सन्दर्भ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-सन्दर्भ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="सामग्री" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="विषयसूची को टॉगल करें" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">विषयसूची को टॉगल करें</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">हिन्दुस्तानी भाषा</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="दूसरे भाषा में लेख पर जाएँ। 109 भाषाओं में उपलब्ध" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-109" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">109 भाषाएँ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindoestani" title="Hindoestani – अफ़्रीकी" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hindoestani" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="अफ़्रीकी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani" title="Hindustani – स्विस जर्मन" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Hindustani" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="स्विस जर्मन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_hindostan%C3%AD" title="Idioma hindostaní – अरागोनी" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Idioma hindostaní" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="अरागोनी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="हिंदुस्तानी भाषा – अंगिका" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="हिंदुस्तानी भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="अंगिका" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة الهندستانية – अरबी" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة الهندستانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="अरबी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indost%C3%A1nicu" title="Indostánicu – अस्तुरियन" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Indostánicu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="अस्तुरियन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindistani_dili" title="Hindistani dili – अज़रबैजानी" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Hindistani dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="अज़रबैजानी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="هیندوستانی دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="هیندوستانی دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Һиндостани – बशख़िर" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Һиндостани" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="बशख़िर" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Hindustani" title="Basa Hindustani – बालिनीस" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Basa Hindustani" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="बालिनीस" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indostan%C4%97itiu_kalba" title="Indostanėitiu kalba – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Indostanėitiu kalba" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Хіндустані – बेलारूसी" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хіндустані" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="बेलारूसी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Гіндустані – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гіндустані" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Хиндустани – बुल्गारियाई" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хиндустани" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="बुल्गारियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="हिंदुस्तानी भाषा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="हिंदुस्तानी भाषा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="হিন্দুস্তানি ভাষা – बंगाली" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হিন্দুস্তানি ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="बंगाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindoustaneg" title="Hindoustaneg – ब्रेटन" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Hindoustaneg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="ब्रेटन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindi-urdu" title="Hindi-urdu – बोस्नियाई" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hindi-urdu" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="बोस्नियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindust%C3%A0nic" title="Hindustànic – कातालान" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Hindustànic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="कातालान" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Хиндустани – चेचन" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Хиндустани" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="चेचन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="زمانی ھیندستانی – सोरानी कुर्दिश" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی ھیندستانی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="सोरानी कुर्दिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_tili" title="Hindustani tili – क्रीमीन तुर्की" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Hindustani tili" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="क्रीमीन तुर्की" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindust%C3%A1n%C5%A1tina" title="Hindustánština – चेक" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hindustánština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="चेक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindwstaneg" title="Hindwstaneg – वेल्श" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Hindwstaneg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="वेल्श" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani" title="Hindustani – डेनिश" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hindustani" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="डेनिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani" title="Hindustani – जर्मन" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hindustani" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="जर्मन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Ινδουστανική γλώσσα – यूनानी" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ινδουστανική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="यूनानी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_language" title="Hindustani language – अंग्रेज़ी" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Hindustani language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="अंग्रेज़ी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustana_lingvo" title="Hindustana lingvo – एस्पेरेंतो" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Hindustana lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="एस्पेरेंतो" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_indost%C3%A1nico" title="Idioma indostánico – स्पेनिश" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma indostánico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="स्पेनिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_keel" title="Hindustani keel – एस्टोनियाई" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hindustani keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="एस्टोनियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustanera" title="Hindustanera – बास्क" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hindustanera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="बास्क" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="زبان هندوستانی – फ़ारसी" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان هندوستانی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="फ़ारसी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani" title="Hindustani – फ़िनिश" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Hindustani" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="फ़िनिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani" title="Hindustani – फ़ैरोइज़" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Hindustani" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="फ़ैरोइज़" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindoustani" title="Hindoustani – फ़्रेंच" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Hindoustani" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="फ़्रेंच" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani" title="Hindustani – उत्तरी फ़्रीसियाई" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Hindustani" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="उत्तरी फ़्रीसियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endoustani" title="Endoustani – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Endoustani" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_hindustana" title="Lingua hindustana – गैलिशियन" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua hindustana" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="गैलिशियन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindi-urdu_%C3%B1e%27%E1%BA%BD" title="Hindi-urdu ñe'ẽ – गुआरानी" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Hindi-urdu ñe'ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="गुआरानी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiyanci" title="Indiyanci – हौसा" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Indiyanci" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="हौसा" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="הינדוסטנית – हिब्रू" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הינדוסטנית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="हिब्रू" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_bhasa" title="Hindustani bhasa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Hindustani bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustanski_jezici" title="Hindustanski jezici – क्रोएशियाई" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Hindustanski jezici" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="क्रोएशियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%AB-%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%B8%D6%82" title="Հինդի-ուրդու – आर्मेनियाई" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հինդի-ուրդու" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="आर्मेनियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_hindustani" title="Lingua hindustani – इंटरलिंगुआ" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lingua hindustani" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="इंटरलिंगुआ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Hindustan" title="Bahasa Hindustan – इंडोनेशियाई" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Hindustan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="इंडोनेशियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindi-Urdu" title="Hindi-Urdu – इलोको" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Hindi-Urdu" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="इलोको" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hind%C3%AD-%C3%BArd%C3%BA" title="Hindí-úrdú – आइसलैंडिक" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hindí-úrdú" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="आइसलैंडिक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_indostana" title="Lingua indostana – इतालवी" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua indostana" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="इतालवी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%92%E3%83%B3%E3%83%89%E3%82%A5%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8B%E3%83%BC%E8%AA%9E" title="ヒンドゥスターニー語 – जापानी" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヒンドゥスターニー語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="जापानी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%98-%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3" title="ჰინდი-ურდუ – जॉर्जियाई" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰინდი-ურდუ" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="जॉर्जियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Hindustani" title="Bahasa Hindustani – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Hindustani" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8-%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83" title="Хинди-урду – कज़ाख़" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Хинди-урду" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="कज़ाख़" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%9E%8C%EB%91%90%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%84%EC%96%B4" title="힌두스탄어 – कोरियाई" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="힌두스탄어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="कोरियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindoustanek" title="Hindoustanek – कोर्निश" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Hindoustanek" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="कोर्निश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Hindi-Urdu" title="Lingua Hindi-Urdu – लैटिन" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Hindi-Urdu" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="लैटिन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingaz_industan" title="Lingaz industan – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Lingaz industan" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustano_kalba" title="Hindustano kalba – लिथुआनियाई" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Hindustano kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="लिथुआनियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindust%C4%81%C5%86u_valoda" title="Hindustāņu valoda – लातवियाई" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Hindustāņu valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="लातवियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_hindi-ordo" title="Fiteny hindi-ordo – मालागासी" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny hindi-ordo" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="मालागासी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="ഹിന്ദുസ്താനി ഭാഷ – मलयालम" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹിന്ദുസ്താനി ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="मलयालम" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="हिंदुस्तानी भाषा – मराठी" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="हिंदुस्तानी भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="मराठी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindi-Urdu" title="Hindi-Urdu – मलय" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Hindi-Urdu" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="मलय" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE-%E1%80%A1%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9B%E1%80%92%E1%80%B0%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ဟင်ဒီ-အူရဒူဘာသာစကား – बर्मीज़" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဟင်ဒီ-အူရဒူဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="बर्मीज़" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustaansche_Spraak" title="Hindustaansche Spraak – निचला जर्मन" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Hindustaansche Spraak" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="निचला जर्मन" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="हिन्दुस्तानी भाषा – नेपाली" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="हिन्दुस्तानी भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="नेपाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindoestani" title="Hindoestani – डच" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hindoestani" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="डच" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani" title="Hindustani – नॉर्वेजियाई नॉयनॉर्स्क" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hindustani" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="नॉर्वेजियाई नॉयनॉर्स्क" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani" title="Hindustani – नॉर्वेजियाई बोकमाल" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hindustani" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="नॉर्वेजियाई बोकमाल" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indostani" title="Indostani – ओसीटान" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Indostani" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="ओसीटान" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Хиндустани – ओस्सेटिक" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Хиндустани" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ओस्सेटिक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਹਿੰਦੁਸਤਾਨੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – पंजाबी" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹਿੰਦੁਸਤਾਨੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="पंजाबी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A1nung_Indost%C3%A1niku" title="Amánung Indostániku – पाम्पान्गा" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Amánung Indostániku" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="पाम्पान्गा" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_hindustani" title="Język hindustani – पोलिश" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język hindustani" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="पोलिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ہندوستانی زبان – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہندوستانی زبان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_hindust%C3%A2ni" title="Língua hindustâni – पुर्तगाली" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua hindustâni" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="पुर्तगाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinrustani" title="Hinrustani – क्वेचुआ" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Hinrustani" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="क्वेचुआ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_hindustan%C4%83" title="Limba hindustană – रोमानियाई" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba hindustană" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="रोमानियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A8nga_indostane" title="Lènga indostane – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Lènga indostane" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Хиндустани – रूसी" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хиндустани" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="रूसी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Гіндустані – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Гіндустані" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="हिन्दुस्थानीभाषा – संस्कृत" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="हिन्दुस्थानीभाषा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="संस्कृत" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A4_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – संथाली" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱦᱤᱱᱫᱩᱥᱛᱟᱱᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="संथाली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_leid" title="Hindustani leid – स्कॉट्स" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Hindustani leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="स्कॉट्स" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustanski_jezik" title="Hindustanski jezik – सेर्बो-क्रोएशियाई" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hindustanski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="सेर्बो-क्रोएशियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%AE%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%93_%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%83" title="හින්දුස්ථානී බස – सिंहली" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="හින්දුස්ථානී බස" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="सिंहली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_language" title="Hindustani language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Hindustani language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustan%C5%A1%C4%8Dina" title="Hindustanščina – स्लोवेनियाई" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hindustanščina" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="स्लोवेनियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_hindustani" title="Gjuha hindustani – अल्बानियाई" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha hindustani" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="अल्बानियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8-%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83" title="Хинди-урду – सर्बियाई" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хинди-урду" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="सर्बियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani" title="Hindustani – स्वीडिश" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hindustani" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="स्वीडिश" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kihindustani" title="Kihindustani – स्वाहिली" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kihindustani" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="स्वाहिली" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="இந்துசுத்தானி மொழி – तमिल" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இந்துசுத்தானி மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="तमिल" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%80_%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B7" title="హిందుస్తానీ భాష – तेलुगू" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="హిందుస్తానీ భాష" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="तेलुगू" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5" title="ภาษาฮินดูสตานี – थाई" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาฮินดูสตานี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="थाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_zyvon" title="Hindustani zyvon – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Hindustani zyvon" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindust%C3%A2n%C3%AE" title="Hindustânî – तुर्की" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hindustânî" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="तुर्की" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Һиндстани – तातार" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Һиндстани" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="तातार" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96" title="Гіндустані – यूक्रेनियाई" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гіндустані" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="यूक्रेनियाई" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ہندوستانی زبان – उर्दू" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہندوستانی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="उर्दू" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindistoniy" title="Hindistoniy – उज़्बेक" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Hindistoniy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="उज़्बेक" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Hindustan" title="Tiếng Hindustan – वियतनामी" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Hindustan" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="वियतनामी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinindustani" title="Hinindustani – वारै" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Hinindustani" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="वारै" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="印度斯坦语 – वू चीनी" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="印度斯坦语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="वू चीनी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99" title="הינדוסטאני – यहूदी" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="הינדוסטאני" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="यहूदी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88d%C3%A8_Hindust%C3%A1n%C3%AC" title="Èdè Hindustánì – योरूबा" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Hindustánì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="योरूबा" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E8%AF%AD" title="印度斯坦语 – चीनी" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="印度斯坦语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="चीनी" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E6%96%AF%E5%9D%A6%E6%96%87" title="印度斯坦文 – कैंटोनीज़" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="印度斯坦文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="कैंटोनीज़" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11051#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="अंतरभाषा कड़ियाँ संपादित करें" class="wbc-editpage">कड़ियाँ संपादित करें</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="नामस्थान"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE"><span>पुस्तक बनायें</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE&action=show-download-screen"><span>पीडीएफ़ रूप डाउनलोड करें</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE&printable=yes" title="इस पृष्ठका छपानेलायक अवतरण [p]" accesskey="p"><span>प्रिन्ट करने 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</div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">मुक्त ज्ञानकोश विकिपीडिया से</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="hi" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellspacing="5" style="width:22em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="above" style="text-align:center; font-size:125%; font-weight:bold; color: black; background-color: lawngreen;">हिन्दुस्तानी</th></tr><tr class=""><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; color: black; background-color: lawngreen;"> हिन्दी-उर्दू</td></tr><tr class=""><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Term_Hindustani_in_Deva_Nagri_and_in_Nastaleq.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Term_Hindustani_in_Deva_Nagri_and_in_Nastaleq.jpg/200px-Term_Hindustani_in_Deva_Nagri_and_in_Nastaleq.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Term_Hindustani_in_Deva_Nagri_and_in_Nastaleq.jpg/300px-Term_Hindustani_in_Deva_Nagri_and_in_Nastaleq.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Term_Hindustani_in_Deva_Nagri_and_in_Nastaleq.jpg/400px-Term_Hindustani_in_Deva_Nagri_and_in_Nastaleq.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1240" data-file-height="1754" /></a></span><br /><span style=""><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="देवनागरी">देवनागरी</a> और <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BC" title="नस्तालीक़">नस्तालीक़</a> लिपियों में लफ़्ज़ <i>हिन्दुस्तानी</i></span></td></tr> <tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">बोलने का  स्थान</th> <td class="" style=""> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4" title="भारत">भारत</a>, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="पाकिस्तान">पाकिस्तान</a></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">क्षेत्र</th> <td class="" style=""> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AA" title="भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप">भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप</a></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">मातृभाषी वक्ता</th> <td class="" style=""> 60 करोड़ (हिन्दी)<br /> 20 करोड़ (उर्दू)</td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="भाषा परिवार">भाषा परिवार</a></th> <td class="" style=""> <div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6-%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81" class="mw-redirect" title="हिन्द-यूरोपीय भाषाएँ">हिन्द-यूरोपीय</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:15px;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6-%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81" title="हिन्द-ईरानी भाषाएँ">हिन्द ईरानी</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6-%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="हिन्द-आर्य (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">हिन्द-आर्य</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_(%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80)" class="mw-redirect" title="केन्द्रीय क्षेत्र (हिन्दी)">केन्द्रीय क्षेत्र (हिन्दी)</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="पश्चिमी हिन्दी (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">पश्चिमी हिन्दी</a><ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:5px;padding-left:0"><li><b>हिन्दुस्तानी</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">Standard forms</th> <td class="" style=""> <div><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" class="mw-redirect" title="हिंदी">मानक हिन्दी</a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82" class="mw-redirect" title="उर्दू">मानक उर्दू</a></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="उपभाषा">उपभाषा</a></th> <td class="" style=""> <div>देहलवी</div> <div><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80" class="mw-redirect" title="कौरवी">कौरवी</a> (ग्रामीण)</div> <div><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="दक्खिनी">दक्खिनी</a> (दक्कनी)</div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div> <div></div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="लिपि">लिपि</a></th> <td class="" style=""> <div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="देवनागरी">देवनागरी</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(हिन्दी)</span><sup id="cite_ref-Grierson_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grierson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ray2011_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ray2011-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="फारसी अरबी लिपि (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">फारसी अरबी</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="उर्दू वर्णमाला">उर्दू वर्णमाला</a>) <span style="font-size:85%;">(उर्दू)</span><sup id="cite_ref-Grierson_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grierson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ray2011_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ray2011-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="पूर्वी नागरी लिपि">पूर्वी नागरी लिपि</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-book_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-book-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6" title="बांग्लादेश">बांग्लादेश</a> मेँ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81" class="mw-redirect" title="उर्दु">उर्दु</a> के लिए)</li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="हिंदी ब्रेल (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">हिंदी ब्रेल</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="उर्दू ब्रेल (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">उर्दू ब्रेल</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A5%E0%A5%80" title="कैथी">कैथी</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(ऐतिहासिक)</span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; color: black; background-color: lawngreen;">राजभाषा मान्यता</th></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">औपचारिक मान्यता</th> <td class="" style=""> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5945945">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4" title="भारत">भारत</a> <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="हिन्दी">हिन्दी</a> और <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82" class="mw-redirect" title="उर्दू">उर्दू</a> के रूप में)</span></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="पाकिस्तान">पाकिस्तान</a> <br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82" class="mw-redirect" title="उर्दू">उर्दू</a> के रूप में)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">नियंत्रक संस्था</th> <td class="" style=""> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="केन्द्रीय हिन्दी निदेशालय">केन्द्रीय हिन्दी निदेशालय</a> (हिन्दी, भारत);<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="राष्ट्रीय भाषा विकास परिषद (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">राष्ट्रीय भाषा विकास परिषद</a> (उर्दू, पाकिस्तान); <br /><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A6" title="राष्ट्रीय उर्दू भाषा विकास परिषद">राष्ट्रीय उर्दू भाषा विकास परिषद</a> (उर्दू, भारत)<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center; color: black; background-color: lawngreen;">भाषा कोड</th></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639-1" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 639-1">आइएसओ 639-1</a></th> <td class="" style=""> <tt>hi</tt></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639-2" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 639-2">आइएसओ 639-2</a></th> <td class="" style=""> <tt>hin</tt></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_639-3" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 639-3">आइएसओ 639-3</a></th> <td class="" style=""> इनमें से एक:<br /><tt><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=hin">hin</a></tt> – <a href="/wiki/Hindi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi">Hindi</a><br /><tt><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=urd">urd</a></tt> – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Urdu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urdu (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Urdu</a></td></tr><tr class=""><th scope="row" style="text-align:left;">भाषावेधशाला</th> <td class="" style=""> <tt>59-AAF-qa to -qf</tt></td></tr><tr class=""><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Hindustani_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Hindustani_map.png/300px-Hindustani_map.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="278" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Hindustani_map.png/450px-Hindustani_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Hindustani_map.png/600px-Hindustani_map.png 2x" data-file-width="877" data-file-height="814" /></a></span><div style="text-align:left;">क्षेत्र (लाल रंग) जहाँ हिन्दुस्तानी (देहलवी/कौरवि) मातृभाषा है</div></td></tr><tr class=""><td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"> {{Infobox Language/IPA <table style="text-align:left;"></table><table align="right" class="metadata mbox-small plainlinks" style="border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, a2a9b1); background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text" style=""> <i><b><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0" title="मुखपृष्ठ"> हिन्दुस्तानी भाषा संस्करण</a></b></i>का <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="विकिपीडिया">विकिपीडिया</a>, एक मुक्त ज्ञानकोश </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <table align="right" class="metadata mbox-small plainlinks" style="border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, a2a9b1); background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text" style=""> <i><b><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="ur:"> हिन्दुस्तानी भाषा संस्करण</a></b></i>का <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="विकिपीडिया">विकिपीडिया</a>, एक मुक्त ज्ञानकोश </td> </tr> </tbody></table>}} </td></tr><tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Hindustani_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Hindustani_map.png/220px-Hindustani_map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Hindustani_map.png/330px-Hindustani_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Hindustani_map.png/440px-Hindustani_map.png 2x" data-file-width="877" data-file-height="814" /></a></span></p><div style="text-align:left;">क्षेत्र (लाल रंग) जहाँ हिन्दुस्तानी (देहलवी/कौरवि) मातृभाषा है</div> <table align="right" class="metadata mbox-small noprint selfref" style="border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, a2a9b1); background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa); color:inherit; width: 22em;"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)#Replacement_character" title="Specials (Unicode block)"><img alt="<?>" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Replacement_character.svg/40px-Replacement_character.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Replacement_character.svg/60px-Replacement_character.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Replacement_character.svg/80px-Replacement_character.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></td> <td class="mbox-text" style="vertical-align:middle; font-size:95%;"> You may need <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:Multilingual_support&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="सहायता:Multilingual support (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">rendering support</a> to display the uncommon <a href="/wiki/Unicode" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> characters in this article correctly. </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>हिन्दुस्तानी</b> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BC" title="नस्तालीक़">नस्तालीक़</a>: ہندوستانی, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="अन्तरराष्ट्रीय ध्वन्यात्मक लिपि">अन्तरराष्ट्रीय ध्वन्यात्मक लिपि</a>: <small></small><span title="आईपीए में उच्चारण" class="IPA"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WP:IPA_for_Hindi_and_Urdu" class="extiw" title="en:WP:IPA for Hindi and Urdu">[hɪndʊstaːniː]</a></span><small></small>) या <b>बोलचाल हिन्दी</b><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (नस्तालीक़: بول چال ہندی) या <b>आसान उर्दू</b><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (नस्तालीक़: آسان اردو) बोली <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="हिन्दी">हिन्दी</a> और <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="उर्दू भाषा">उर्दू</a> का एकीकृत रूप है।<sup id="cite_ref-Grierson_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grierson-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ray2011_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ray2011-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ये हिन्दी और उर्दू, दोनो के बोलचाल की भाषा है। इसमें <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="संस्कृत भाषा">संस्कृत</a> के तत्सम शब्द और <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80" class="mw-disambig" title="अरबी">अरबी-</a><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="फ़ारसी भाषा">फ़ारसी</a> के उधार लिये गये शब्द, दोनों कम होते हैं। यही हिन्दी और उर्दू का वह रूप है जो भारत की जनता दैनिक जीवन में उपयोग करती है<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> और <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE" title="हिन्दी सिनेमा">हिन्दी सिनेमा</a> इसी पर आधारित है। ये <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6-%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE-%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="हिन्द-यूरोपीय भाषा-परिवार">हिन्द-यूरोपीय भाषा-परिवार</a> की <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="भारोपीय भाषा (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">भारोपीय भाषा</a> की शाखा में आती है। ये <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="देवनागरी">देवनागरी</a> या फ़ारसी-अरबी, किसी भी लिपि में लिखी जा सकती है। </p><p>हिन्दुस्तानी भाषा की अवधारणा को "एकीकृत भाषा" या "फ्यूज़न भाषा" के रूप में महात्मा गांधी द्वारा समर्थित किया गया था। हिन्दी से उर्दू में रूपान्तरण (या इसके विपरीत) आम तौर पर अनुवाद के बजाय केवल दो लिपियों के बीच लिप्यन्तरण द्वारा प्राप्त किया जाता है, जो आमतौर पर केवल धार्मिक और साहित्यिक ग्रन्थों के लिए आवश्यक होता है। </p><p>पुरानी हिन्दी के रूप में पहली बार लिखी गई काव्य-खण्ड का पता 769 ईस्वी के आरम्भ में लगाया जा सकता है।<sup id="cite_ref-DelacyAhmed2005_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DelacyAhmed2005-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%A4" title="दिल्ली सल्तनत">दिल्ली सल्तनत</a> के दौरान, जिसने लगभग सम्पूर्ण भारत (आज के अधिकांश पाकिस्तान, दक्षिणी नेपाल और बांग्लादेश) पर राज किया था और जिसके परिणामस्वरूप हिन्दू और मुस्लिम संस्कृतियों का सम्पर्क हुआ, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" class="mw-redirect" title="पुरानी हिन्दी">पुरानी हिन्दी</a> जो <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4" title="प्राकृत">प्राकृत</a> पर आधारित थी तथा फ़ारसी से शब्दों को लेकर समृद्ध हुई, जो कि वर्तमान में भी विकसित हो रही है।<sup id="cite_ref-Rekhta2020_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rekhta2020-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MatthewsShackleHusain1985_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MatthewsShackleHusain1985-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dhulipala2000_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dhulipala2000-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IJSW1943_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IJSW1943-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mody2008_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mody2008-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kesavan1997_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kesavan1997-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:New_testament_cover_page_in_Hindustani_language.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/New_testament_cover_page_in_Hindustani_language.jpg/220px-New_testament_cover_page_in_Hindustani_language.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="376" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/New_testament_cover_page_in_Hindustani_language.jpg/330px-New_testament_cover_page_in_Hindustani_language.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/New_testament_cover_page_in_Hindustani_language.jpg/440px-New_testament_cover_page_in_Hindustani_language.jpg 2x" data-file-width="816" data-file-height="1393" /></a><figcaption>1842 सन में प्रकाशित होने वाली हिन्दुस्तानी भाषा पर बाईबिल की कभार पैज़</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:First_page_of_new_testament_in_Hindustani_language.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/First_page_of_new_testament_in_Hindustani_language.jpg/220px-First_page_of_new_testament_in_Hindustani_language.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="387" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/First_page_of_new_testament_in_Hindustani_language.jpg/330px-First_page_of_new_testament_in_Hindustani_language.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/First_page_of_new_testament_in_Hindustani_language.jpg/440px-First_page_of_new_testament_in_Hindustani_language.jpg 2x" data-file-width="824" data-file-height="1448" /></a><figcaption>हिन्दुस्तानी भाषा पर प्रकाश की गई बाईबिल का पहला अध्याय</figcaption></figure> <p>हिन्दुस्तानी <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8" title="भारतीय स्वतन्त्रता आन्दोलन">भारतीय स्वतन्त्रता आन्दोलन</a> के दौरान भारतीय राष्ट्रीय एकता<sup id="cite_ref-Hock1991_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hock1991-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> की अभिव्यक्ति बन गई, और उत्तर भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप के लोगों की आम भाषा के रूप में बोली जाती है,<sup id="cite_ref-Ashmore1961_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ashmore1961-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> जो बॉलीवुड फ़िल्मों और गीतों की हिन्दुस्तानी शब्दावली में परिलक्षित होती है।<sup id="cite_ref-Tunstall2008_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tunstall2008-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hiro2015_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hiro2015-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>भाषा की मूल शब्दावली <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4" title="प्राकृत">प्राकृत</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="संस्कृत">संस्कृत</a> की एक वंशज) से ली गई है, जिसमें फ़ारसी और अरबी (फ़ारसी के माध्यम से) से पर्याप्त मात्रा में शब्द लिए गए हैं। <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="एथनोलॉग (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">एथनोलॉग</a> की रिपोर्ट है कि, 2020 तक, 81 करोड़ वक्ताओं के साथ हिन्दी और उर्दू मिलकर अंग्रेजी और <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मंदारिन (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">मैण्डरिन</a> के बाद दुनिया में तीसरी सबसे अधिक बोली जाने वाली भाषा का गठन करतीं हैं। </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="१९९६५ (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">1995</a> में हिन्दी-उर्दू बोलने वालों की कुल संख्या 30 करोड़ से अधिक बताई गई, जिससे हिन्दुस्तानी दुनिया में तीसरी या चौथी सबसे अधिक बोली जाने वाली भाषा बन गई।<sup id="cite_ref-Gambhir1995_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gambhir1995-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DelacyAhmed2005_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DelacyAhmed2005-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="मानक_हिन्दी"><span id=".E0.A4.AE.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.A8.E0.A4.95_.E0.A4.B9.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.A8.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.A6.E0.A5.80"></span>मानक हिन्दी</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&section=1" title="अनुभाग सम्पादित करें: मानक हिन्दी"><span>संपादित करें</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="मानक हिन्दी">मानक हिन्दी</a>, भारत की 22 आधिकारिक रूप से मान्यता प्राप्त भाषाओं में से एक और संघ की आधिकारिक भाषा है, आमतौर पर हिन्दी, भारत की स्वदेशी देवनागरी लिपि में लिखी जाती है और उर्दू की तुलना में कम फ़ारसी और अरबी प्रभाव दिखाती है। इसमें गद्य, कविता, धर्म और दर्शन के साथ 500 वर्षों का साहित्य है। एक बोली के विभिन्न स्पेक्ट्रम और रजिस्टरों के बारे में कल्पना कर सकते हैं, स्पेक्ट्रम के एक छोर पर अत्यधिक फ़ारसीकृत उर्दू और दूसरे छोर पर वाराणसी के आसपास के क्षेत्र में बोली जाने वाली एक संस्कृत की विविधता है। वहीं दूसरी ओर, भारत में सामान्य उपयोग में, हिन्दी में उन सभी बोलियों को शामिल किया गया है जो उर्दू के आसपास की नहीं हैं। </p> <ul><li>भारत भर के स्कूलों में मानक हिन्दी पढ़ाई जाती है (तमिलनाडु एक अपवाद है।)<br /></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8_%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%A8" title="पुरुषोत्तम दास टंडन">पुरुषोत्तम दास टण्डन</a> द्वारा औपचारिक और आधिकारिक हिन्दी की वकालत करने के बाद और स्वतन्त्रता के बाद भारत सरकार द्वारा स्थापित, जो कि संस्कृत से बहुत प्रभावित है,<br /></li></ul> <ul><li>पूरे भारत में हिन्दुस्तानी की बोलियाँ बोली जाती हैं,<br /></li></ul> <ul><li>लोकप्रिय टेलीविजन और फ़िल्मों में प्रयुक्त हिन्दुस्तानी का तटस्थ रूप (जो लगभग बोलचाल की उर्दू के समान है), और <br /></li></ul> <ul><li>टेलीविज़न और प्रिण्ट समाचार रिपोर्टों में हिन्दुस्तानी के अधिक औपचारिक तटस्थ रूप का उपयोग किया जाता है।<br /></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="मानक_उर्दू"><span id=".E0.A4.AE.E0.A4.BE.E0.A4.A8.E0.A4.95_.E0.A4.89.E0.A4.B0.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.A6.E0.A5.82"></span>मानक उर्दू</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&section=2" title="अनुभाग सम्पादित करें: मानक उर्दू"><span>संपादित करें</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Zaban_urdu_mualla.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Zaban_urdu_mualla.png/165px-Zaban_urdu_mualla.png" decoding="async" width="165" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Zaban_urdu_mualla.png 1.5x" data-file-width="225" data-file-height="184" /></a><figcaption>ज़ुबान-ए-उर्दू-ए-मुअल्ला नस्तलीक़ में</figcaption></figure> <p>उर्दू <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="पाकिस्तान">पाकिस्तान</a> की राष्ट्रीय भाषा और राज्य भाषा है और <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4" title="भारत">भारत</a> की २२ आधिकारिक मान्यता प्राप्त भाषाओं में से एक है। भारत के कुछ भागों को छोड़ कर, यह अरबी-पश्तो की (विस्तारित) नस्तलीक़ लिपि में लिखी जाती है। यह फ़ारसी शब्दावली से बहुत प्रभावित है और ऐतिहासिक रूप से रेख़्ता के रूप में भी जानी जाती है। </p><p>भाषा के साहित्य के शुरुआती रूपों को अमीर खुसरो देहलवी की १३वीं-१४वीं शताब्दी की कृतियों में देखा जा सकता है, जिन्हें अक्सर "उर्दू साहित्य का पिता" कहा जाता है, जबकि वाली डेक्कानी को उर्दू कविता के पूर्वज के रूप में देखा जाता है। </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="सम्बन्धित_लेख"><span id=".E0.A4.B8.E0.A4.AE.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.AC.E0.A4.A8.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.A7.E0.A4.BF.E0.A4.A4_.E0.A4.B2.E0.A5.87.E0.A4.96"></span>सम्बन्धित लेख</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&section=3" title="अनुभाग सम्पादित करें: सम्बन्धित लेख"><span>संपादित करें</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81" title="भारत की भाषाएँ">भारत की भाषाएँ</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="सन्दर्भ"><span id=".E0.A4.B8.E0.A4.A8.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.A6.E0.A4.B0.E0.A5.8D.E0.A4.AD"></span>सन्दर्भ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&section=4" title="अनुभाग सम्पादित करें: सन्दर्भ"><span>संपादित करें</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Grierson-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Grierson_1-0">अ</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Grierson_1-1">आ</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Grierson_1-2">इ</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Grierson, vol. 9–1, p. 47. <i>We may now define the three main varieties of Hindōstānī as follows:—Hindōstānī is primarily the language of the Upper Gangetic Doab, and is also the </i>lingua franca<i> of India, capable of being written in both Persian and Dēva-nāgarī characters, and without purism, avoiding alike the excessive use of either Persian or Sanskrit words when employed for literature. The name 'Urdū' can then be confined to that special variety of Hindōstānī in which Persian words are of frequent occurrence, and which hence can only be written in the Persian character, and, similarly, 'Hindī' can be confined to the form of Hindōstānī in which Sanskrit words abound, and which hence can only be written in the Dēva-nāgarī character.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ray2011-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Ray2011_2-0">अ</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Ray2011_2-1">आ</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Ray2011_2-2">इ</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Ray, Aniruddha (2011). <i>The Varied Facets of History: Essays in Honour of Aniruddha Ray</i> (English में). Primus Books. <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰">आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4/978-93-80607-16-0" title="विशेष:पुस्तक स्रोत/978-93-80607-16-0"><bdi>978-93-80607-16-0</bdi></a>. <q>There was the <i>Hindustani Dictionary</i> of Fallon published in 1879; and two years later (1881), John J. Platts produced his <i>Dictionary of Urdu, Classical Hindi and English</i>, which implied that Hindi and Urdu were literary forms of a single language. More recently, Christopher R. King in his <i>One Language, Two Scripts</i> (1994) has presented the late history of the single spoken language in two forms, with the clarity and detail that the subject deserves.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Varied+Facets+of+History%3A+Essays+in+Honour+of+Aniruddha+Ray&rft.pub=Primus+Books&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-93-80607-16-0&rft.aulast=Ray&rft.aufirst=Aniruddha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">सीएस1 रखरखाव: नामालूम भाषा (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80:%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B81_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5:_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="श्रेणी:सीएस1 रखरखाव: नामालूम भाषा">link</a>)</span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5547232">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:9px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png");background-image:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg");background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:12px;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-book-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-book_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Muhammad Shahabuddin Sabu; Nazir Uddin, संपा॰ (2021). <i>বাংলা-ঢাকাইয়া সোব্বাসী ডিক্সেনারি (বাংলা – ঢাকাইয়া সোব্বাসী অভিধান)</i> (Bengali में). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangla_Bazar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bangla Bazar (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Bangla Bazar</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dhaka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dhaka (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Dhaka</a>: Takiya Mohammad Publications.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%A2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE+%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%80+%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF+%28%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE+%E2%80%93+%E0%A6%A2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE+%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%80+%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%29&rft.place=Bangla+Bazar%2C+Dhaka&rft.pub=Takiya+Mohammad+Publications&rft.date=2021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5547232"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20230429154737/https://samakal.com/todays-print-edition/tp-khobor/article/210178300/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A7%9F%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A7%9C%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A8">"<span class="cs1-kern-left">'</span>বাংলা-ঢাকাইয়া সোব্বাসী' অভিধানের মোড়ক উন্মোচন"</a>. 2023-04-29. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://samakal.com/todays-print-edition/tp-khobor/article/210178300/বাংলাঢাকাইয়া-সোব্বাসী-অভিধানের-মোড়ক-উন্মোচন">मूल</a> से 2023-04-29 को पुरालेखित.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%A2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE+%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%80%27+%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0+%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%95+%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A8&rft.date=2023-04-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsamakal.com%2Ftodays-print-edition%2Ftp-khobor%2Farticle%2F210178300%2F%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE-%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%80-%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0-%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%95-%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5547232"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Central Hindi Directorate regulates the use of <a href="/wiki/Devanagari" class="mw-redirect" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a> and Hindi spelling in <a href="/wiki/India" class="mw-redirect" title="India">India</a>. Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hindinideshalaya.nic.in/hindi/introduction.html">Central Hindi Directorate: Introduction</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100415010138/http://hindinideshalaya.nic.in/hindi/introduction.html">Archived</a> 15 अप्रैल 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8" title="वेबैक मशीन">वेबैक मशीन</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071127024353/http://www.urducouncil.nic.in/">"National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language"</a>. <i>www.urducouncil.nic.in</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.urducouncil.nic.in/">मूल</a> से 27 नवंबर 2007 को पुरालेखित<span class="reference-accessdate">. अभिगमन तिथि 4 जुलाई 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.urducouncil.nic.in&rft.atitle=National+Council+for+Promotion+of+Urdu+Language&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.urducouncil.nic.in%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5547232"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Agnihotri, Rama Kant (2007). <i>Hindi: an essential grammar</i>. Essential grammars (अंग्रेज़ी में) (1. publ संस्करण). London: Routledge. पृ॰ 05. <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰">आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4/978-0-415-35671-8" title="विशेष:पुस्तक स्रोत/978-0-415-35671-8"><bdi>978-0-415-35671-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hindi%3A+an+essential+grammar&rft.place=London&rft.series=Essential+grammars&rft.pages=05&rft.edition=1.+publ&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-415-35671-8&rft.aulast=Agnihotri&rft.aufirst=Rama+Kant&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5547232"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Shackle, C.; Snell, Rupert (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hindiurdusince180000shac"><i>Hindi and Urdu since 1800: a common reader</i></a> (enghinurd में). New Delhi, India: Heritage Publishers. पपृ॰ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/hindiurdusince180000shac/page/n34">09</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰">आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4/978-81-7026-162-9" title="विशेष:पुस्तक स्रोत/978-81-7026-162-9"><bdi>978-81-7026-162-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hindi+and+Urdu+since+1800%3A+a+common+reader&rft.place=New+Delhi%2C+India&rft.pages=09&rft.pub=Heritage+Publishers&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-81-7026-162-9&rft.aulast=Shackle&rft.aufirst=C.&rft.au=Snell%2C+Rupert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhindiurdusince180000shac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">सीएस1 रखरखाव: नामालूम भाषा (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80:%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B81_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5:_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="श्रेणी:सीएस1 रखरखाव: नामालूम भाषा">link</a>)</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5547232"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Justice, Markandey Katju. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200704024353/https://indicanews.com/2019/09/14/the-peoples-language-is-hindustani-not-hindi/">"The people's language is Hindustani, not Hindi"</a>. <i>Indica News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indicanews.com/2019/09/14/the-peoples-language-is-hindustani-not-hindi/">मूल</a> से 4 जुलाई 2020 को पुरालेखित<span class="reference-accessdate">. अभिगमन तिथि 4 जुलाई 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Indica+News&rft.atitle=The+people%E2%80%99s+language+is+Hindustani%2C+not+Hindi&rft.aulast=Justice&rft.aufirst=Markandey+Katju&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findicanews.com%2F2019%2F09%2F14%2Fthe-peoples-language-is-hindustani-not-hindi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5547232"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DelacyAhmed2005-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-DelacyAhmed2005_11-0">अ</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-DelacyAhmed2005_11-1">आ</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Delacy, Richard; Ahmed, Shahara (2005). <i>Hindi, Urdu & Bengali</i>. Lonely Planet. पपृ॰ 11–12. <q>Hindi and Urdu are generally considered to be one spoken language with two different literary traditions. That means that Hindi and Urdu speakers who shop in the same markets (and watch the same Bollywood films) have no problems understanding each other.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hindi%2C+Urdu+%26+Bengali&rft.pages=11-12&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Delacy&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Ahmed%2C+Shahara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5547232"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rekhta2020-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Rekhta2020_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://artsandculture.google.com/exhibit/women-of-the-indian-sub-continent-makings-of-a-culture-rekhta-foundation/dwJy7qboNi3fIg?hl=en">"Women of the Indian Sub-Continent: Makings of a Culture - Rekhta Foundation"</a> (अंग्रेज़ी में). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Google_Arts_%26_Culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Google Arts & Culture (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Google Arts & Culture</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. अभिगमन तिथि <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2020</span>. <q>The "Ganga-Jamuni tehzeeb" is one such instance of the composite culture that marks various regions of the country. Prevalent in the North, particularly in the central plains, it is born of the union between the Hindu and Muslim cultures. Most of the temples were lined along the Ganges and the Khanqah (Sufi school of thought) were situated along the Yamuna river (also called Jamuna). Thus, it came to be known as the Ganga-Jamuni tehzeeb, with the word "tehzeeb" meaning culture. More than communal harmony, its most beautiful by-product was "Hindustani" which later gave us the Hindi and Urdu languages.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Women+of+the+Indian+Sub-Continent%3A+Makings+of+a+Culture+-+Rekhta+Foundation&rft.pub=Google+Arts+%26+Culture&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fartsandculture.google.com%2Fexhibit%2Fwomen-of-the-indian-sub-continent-makings-of-a-culture-rekhta-foundation%2FdwJy7qboNi3fIg%3Fhl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5547232"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MatthewsShackleHusain1985-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-MatthewsShackleHusain1985_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Matthews, David John; Shackle, C.; Husain, Shahanara (1985). <i>Urdu literature</i> (अंग्रेज़ी में). Urdu Markaz; Third World Foundation for Social and Economic Studies. <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰">आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4/978-0-907962-30-4" title="विशेष:पुस्तक स्रोत/978-0-907962-30-4"><bdi>978-0-907962-30-4</bdi></a>. <q>But with the establishment of Muslim rule in Delhi, it was the Old Hindi of this area which came to form the major partner with Persian. This variety of Hindi is called Khari Boli, 'the upright speech'.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Urdu+literature&rft.pub=Urdu+Markaz%3B+Third+World+Foundation+for+Social+and+Economic+Studies&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-907962-30-4&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=David+John&rft.au=Shackle%2C+C.&rft.au=Husain%2C+Shahanara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5547232"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dhulipala2000-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Dhulipala2000_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Dhulipala, Venkat (2000). <i>The Politics of Secularism: Medieval Indian Historiography and the Sufis</i> (अंग्रेज़ी में). <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Wisconsin–Madison (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">University of Wisconsin–Madison</a>. पृ॰ 27. <q>Persian became the court language, and many Persian words crept into popular usage. The composite culture of northern India, known as the Ganga Jamuni tehzeeb was a product of the interaction between Hindu society and Islam.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Politics+of+Secularism%3A+Medieval+Indian+Historiography+and+the+Sufis&rft.pages=27&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Dhulipala&rft.aufirst=Venkat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5547232"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IJSW1943-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-IJSW1943_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><i>Indian Journal of Social Work, Volume 4</i> (अंग्रेज़ी में). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tata_Institute_of_Social_Sciences&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tata Institute of Social Sciences (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Tata Institute of Social Sciences</a>. 1943. पृ॰ 264. <q>... more words of Sanskrit origin but 75% of the vocabulary is common. It is also admitted that while this language is known as Hindustani, ... Muslims call it Urdu and the Hindus call it Hindi. ... Urdu is a national language evolved through years of Hindu and Muslim cultural contact and, as stated by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, is essentially an Indian language and has no place outside.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Indian+Journal+of+Social+Work%2C+Volume+4&rft.pages=264&rft.pub=Tata+Institute+of+Social+Sciences&rft.date=1943&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5547232"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mody2008-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Mody2008_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="hi" dir="ltr">सन्दर्भ त्रुटि: <code><ref></code> का गलत प्रयोग; <code>Mody2008</code> नाम के संदर्भ में जानकारी नहीं है।</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Kesavan1997-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Kesavan1997_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kesavan, B. S. (1997). <i>History Of Printing And Publishing In India</i> (अंग्रेज़ी में). National Book Trust, India. पृ॰ 31. <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰">आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4/978-81-237-2120-0" title="विशेष:पुस्तक स्रोत/978-81-237-2120-0"><bdi>978-81-237-2120-0</bdi></a>. <q>It might be useful to recall here that Old Hindi or Hindavi, which was a naturally Persian- mixed language in the largest measure, has played this role before, as we have seen, for five or six centuries.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+Of+Printing+And+Publishing+In+India&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=National+Book+Trust%2C+India&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-81-237-2120-0&rft.aulast=Kesavan&rft.aufirst=B.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5547232"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hock1991-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Hock1991_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hans Henrich Hock (1991). <i>Principles of Historical Linguistics</i> (अंग्रेज़ी में). Walter de Gruyter. पृ॰ 475. <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰">आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4/978-3-11-012962-5" title="विशेष:पुस्तक स्रोत/978-3-11-012962-5"><bdi>978-3-11-012962-5</bdi></a>. <q>During the time of British rule, Hindi (in its religiously neutral, 'Hindustani' variety) increasingly came to be the symbol of national unity over against the English of the foreign oppressor. And Hindustani was learned widely throughout India, even in Bengal and the Dravidian south. ... Independence had been accompanied by the division of former British India into two countries, Pakistan and India. The former had been established as a Muslim state and had made Urdu, the Muslim variety of Hindi–Urdu or Hindustani, its national language.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Principles+of+Historical+Linguistics&rft.pages=475&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-3-11-012962-5&rft.au=Hans+Henrich+Hock&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5547232"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-:1_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Masica, Colin P. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J3RSHWePhXwC&q=masica"><i>The Indo-Aryan Languages</i></a> (अंग्रेज़ी में). Cambridge University Press. पपृ॰ 430 (Appendix I). <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰">आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4/978-0-521-29944-2" title="विशेष:पुस्तक स्रोत/978-0-521-29944-2"><bdi>978-0-521-29944-2</bdi></a>. <q>Hindustani - term referring to common colloquial base of HINDI and URDU and to its function as lingua franca over much of India, much in vogue during Independence movement as expression of national unity; after Partition in 1947 and subsequent linguistic polarization it fell into disfavor; census of 1951 registered an enormous decline (86-98 per cent) in no. of persons declaring it their mother tongue (the majority of HINDI speakers and many URDU speakers had done so in previous censuses); trend continued in subsequent censuses: only 11,053 returned it in 1971...mostly from S India; [see Khubchandani 1983: 90-1].</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Indo-Aryan+Languages&rft.pages=430+%28Appendix+I%29&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-521-29944-2&rft.aulast=Masica&rft.aufirst=Colin+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ3RSHWePhXwC%26q%3Dmasica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5547232"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ashmore1961-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ashmore1961_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Ashmore, Harry S. (1961). <i>Encyclopaedia Britannica: a new survey of universal knowledge, Volume 11</i> (अंग्रेज़ी में). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Encyclopædia Britannica (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. पृ॰ 579. <q>The everyday speech of well over 50,000,000 persons of all communities in the north of India and in West Pakistan is the expression of a common language, Hindustani.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Britannica%3A+a+new+survey+of+universal+knowledge%2C+Volume+11&rft.pages=579&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=Ashmore&rft.aufirst=Harry+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5547232"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tunstall2008-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Tunstall2008_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Tunstall, Jeremy (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mediawereamerica0000tuns/page/160"><i>The media were American: U.S. mass media in decline</i></a> (अंग्रेज़ी में). Oxford University Press. पृ॰ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mediawereamerica0000tuns/page/160">160</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰">आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4/978-0-19-518146-3" title="विशेष:पुस्तक स्रोत/978-0-19-518146-3"><bdi>978-0-19-518146-3</bdi></a>. <q>The Hindi film industry used the most popular street level version of Hindi, namely Hindustani, which included a lot of Urdu and Persian words.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+media+were+American%3A+U.S.+mass+media+in+decline&rft.pages=160&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-19-518146-3&rft.aulast=Tunstall&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmediawereamerica0000tuns%2Fpage%2F160&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5547232"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hiro2015-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Hiro2015_22-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hiro, Dilip (2015). <i>The Longest August: The Unflinching Rivalry Between India and Pakistan</i> (अंग्रेज़ी में). <a href="/w/index.php?title=PublicAffairs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PublicAffairs (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">PublicAffairs</a>. पृ॰ 398. <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰">आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4/978-1-56858-503-1" title="विशेष:पुस्तक स्रोत/978-1-56858-503-1"><bdi>978-1-56858-503-1</bdi></a>. <q>Spoken Hindi is akin to spoken Urdu, and that language is often called Hindustani. Bollywood's screenplays are written in Hindustani.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Longest+August%3A+The+Unflinching+Rivalry+Between+India+and+Pakistan&rft.pages=398&rft.pub=PublicAffairs&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-56858-503-1&rft.aulast=Hiro&rft.aufirst=Dilip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5547232"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gambhir1995-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Gambhir1995_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Gambhir, Vijay (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/teachingacquisit0000unse"><i>The Teaching and Acquisition of South Asian Languages</i></a> (अंग्रेज़ी में). <a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Pennsylvania_Press&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Pennsylvania Press (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">University of Pennsylvania Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80%E0%A5%B0%E0%A4%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰">आई॰ऍस॰बी॰ऍन॰</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A4/978-0-8122-3328-5" title="विशेष:पुस्तक स्रोत/978-0-8122-3328-5"><bdi>978-0-8122-3328-5</bdi></a>. <q>The position of Hindi–Urdu among the languages of the world is anomalous. The number of its proficient speakers, over three hundred million, places it in third of fourth place after Mandarin, English, and perhaps Spanish.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Teaching+and+Acquisition+of+South+Asian+Languages&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-8122-3328-5&rft.aulast=Gambhir&rft.aufirst=Vijay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fteachingacquisit0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fhi.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80+%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5547232"></span> </li> </ol></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="हिन्दी" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%AF" title="साँचा:हिन्दी विषय"><abbr title="यह साँचा देखें" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">दे</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%AF" title="साँचा वार्ता:हिन्दी विषय"><abbr title="इस साँचे से संबंधित चर्चा करें" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">वा</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%AF&action=edit"><abbr title="यह साँचा संपादित करें" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">सं</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="हिन्दी" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="हिन्दी">हिन्दी </a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="व्याकरण_·_स्वर-विज्ञान_·_देवनागरी_·_इतिहास_·_वर्तनी"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="हिन्दी व्याकरण">व्याकरण</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="हिंदी स्वरविज्ञान">स्वर-विज्ञान</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="देवनागरी">देवनागरी</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="हिन्दी का इतिहास">इतिहास </a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" class="mw-redirect" title="हिन्दी वर्तनी">वर्तनी</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">भाषा</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">पश्चिमी हिन्दी</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <span class="nowrap"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="ब्रजभाषा">ब्रजभाषा</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80" class="mw-redirect" title="हरियाणवी">हरियाणवी</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="बुंदेली भाषा">बुन्देली</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="कन्नौजी भाषा">कन्नौजी</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" class="mw-redirect" title="खड़ी बोली">खड़ी बोली</a> <b>·</b></span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="संसीबोली (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">संसीबोली</a> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF" title="लिपि">लिपिबद्ध</a>: <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="मानक हिन्दी">मानक हिन्दी</a>)</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">पूर्वी हिन्दी</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%80" title="अवधी">अवधी</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="बघेली">बघेली</a> <b>·</b> <span style="white-space:nowrap;"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A2%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80" class="mw-redirect" title="छत्तीसगढ़ी">छत्तीसगढ़ी</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="धनवार भाषा (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">धनवार</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">पिड्जिन और <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="क्रियोल भाषा">क्रियोल</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="फ़ीजी हिन्दी">फ़ीजी हिन्दी</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="बम्बइया हिन्दी">बम्बइया हिन्दी</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="राजस्थानी भाषा">राजस्थानी</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="हिन्दी">हिन्दी</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" class="mw-redirect" title="मेवाती">मेवाती</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80" title="मालवी">मालवी</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" class="mw-redirect" title="जयपुरी">जयपुरी</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80" title="मारवाड़ी">मारवाड़ी</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="बिहारी हिन्दी (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">बिहारी हिन्दी</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" class="mw-disambig" title="भोजपुरी">भोजपुरी</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" class="mw-redirect" title="मैथिली">मैथिली</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%80" class="mw-redirect" title="मगही">मगही</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="बज्जिका">बज्जिका</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="अंगिका">अंगिका</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80" class="mw-redirect" title="पहाड़ी">पहाड़ी</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="हिन्दी">हिन्दी</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" class="mw-redirect" title="कुमाउँनी">कुमाउँनी</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A2%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" class="mw-redirect" title="गढ़वाली">गढ़वाली</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="नेपाली">नेपाली</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">अन्य</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="दक्खिनी">दखिनी</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="हफ़लौंग हिन्दी">हफ़लौंग हिन्दी</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="प्रिया भाषा">प्रिया</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">हिन्दुस्तानी</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">भाषाई राजनीति</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8" title="तमिलनाडु के हिन्दी भाषा विरोधी आन्दोलन">तमिलनाडु के हिन्दी भाषा विरोधी आन्दोलन</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding:0.35em 1.0em; line-height:1.1em;">कला</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;padding:0.25em 0; line-height:1.4em;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="हिन्दी साहित्य">साहित्य</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF#पुरस्कार" title="भारतीय साहित्य">पुरस्कार</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="साहित्य अकादमी पुरस्कार">साहित्य अकादमी पुरस्कार</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9E%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="ज्ञानपीठ पुरस्कार">ज्ञानपीठ पुरस्कार</a> <span 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href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="शीना भाषा">शीना</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="शुमश्ती भाषा">शुमश्ती</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="तोरवाली भाषा">तोरवाली</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="उशोजी भाषा">उशोजी</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81" title="पहाड़ी भाषाएँ">उत्तरी (पहाड़ी)</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">पूर्वी</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="डोटेली भाषा">डोटेली</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="जुमली भाषा (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">जुमली</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="नेपाली भाषा">नेपाली</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="नेपाली भाषा">पलपा</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">मध्य</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A2%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="गढ़वाली भाषा">गढ़वाली</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8A%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="कुमाऊँनी भाषा">कुमाऊँनी</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="पश्चिमी पहाड़ी (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">पश्चिमी</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="भदरवाही भाषा">भदरवाही</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="बिलासपुरी भाषा (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">बिलासपुरी</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="डोगरी भाषा">डोगरी</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="हिंदूरी भाषा (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">हिंदूरी</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="जौनसारी भाषा">जौनसारी</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="कांगड़ी भाषा">कांगड़ी</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="कुल्लवी भाषा (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">कुल्लवी</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="मंडयाली भाषा">मंडयाली</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="महसू पहाड़ी भाषा (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">महसू पहाड़ी </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="पहाड़ी किन्नौरी भाषा (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">पहाड़ी किन्नौरी</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="सिरमौरी भाषा (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">सिरमौरी</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">उत्तर-<br />पूर्वी</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">पंजाबी  </th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="पंजाबी भाषा">पंजाबी</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="पंजाबी की बोलियाँ (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">बोलियाँ</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81" title="लहन्दा भाषाएँ">लहन्दा</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="हिन्दको भाषा">हिन्दको</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="इनकू भाषा (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">इनकू</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="खेतरानी भाषा (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">खेतरानी</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="पोठोहारी भाषा">पोठोहारी</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="सराइकी">सराइकी</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="सिन्धी भाषाएँ (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">सिन्धी</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jadgali_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jadgali language (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Jadgali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9B%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="कच्छी भाषा">कच्छी</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luwati_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luwati language (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Luwati</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Memoni_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Memoni language (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Memoni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="सिन्धी भाषा">सिन्धी</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">पश्चिमी</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="गुजराती भाषाएँ (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">गुजराती</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="आएर भाषा (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">आएर</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="गुजराती भाषा">गुजराती</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jandavra_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jandavra language (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Jandavra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="कोली भाषा">कोली</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A6-%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4" title="लिसान उद-दावत">लिसान उद-दावत</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="पारकरी कोली भाषा (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">पारकरी कोली</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="सौराष्ट्र भाषा (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">सौराष्ट्र</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%98%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="वाघरी भाषा (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">वाघरी</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bhil_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhil languages (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Bhil</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="भीली भाषा">भीली</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gamit_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gamit language (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Gamit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalto_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalto language (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Kalto</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vasavi_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vasavi language (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Vasavi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="राजस्थानी भाषा">राजस्थानी</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="बागड़ी भाषा">बागड़ी</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="धाटकी भाषा (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)"> धाटकी</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="गोआरिया भाषा (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">गोआरिया</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="गोजरी (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">गोजरी</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A2%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80" class="mw-redirect" title="ढूंढाड़ी">जयपुरी</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="मालवी भाषा">मालवी</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="मारवाड़ी भाषा">मारवाड़ी</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="मेवाड़ी भाषा">मेवाड़ी</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="दोमरी भाषा (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">दोमरी</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अहिराणी भाषा">अहिराणी (खानदेशी)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="लम्बाड़ी भाषा (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">लम्बाड़ी</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रोमानी भाषा">रोमानी</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="साँचा:रोमानी भाषाएँ (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">भाषाओं की सूची</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_(%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80)" title="मध्य क्षेत्र (हिन्दी)">मध्य</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;    ">पश्चिमी    </th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="ब्रजभाषा">ब्रजभाषा</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="बुंदेली भाषा">बुंदेली</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="हरियाणवी भाषा">हरियाणवी</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">हिन्दुस्तानी</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="हिन्दी">हिन्दी</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="बम्बइया हिन्दी">बम्बइया हिन्दी</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82" class="mw-redirect" title="उर्दू">उर्दू</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="दक्खिनी">दक्खिनी</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%82&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="हैदरबादी उर्दू (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">हैदरबादी उर्दू</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE" title="रेख़्ता">रेख़्ता</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="खड़ीबोली">खड़ीबोली</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="कन्नौजी भाषा">कन्नौजी</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="संसी बोली (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">संसी बोली</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80" title="सधुक्कड़ी">सधुक्कड़ी</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;    ">Eastern</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%80" title="अवधी">अवधी</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="बघेली">बघेली</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9B%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A2%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="छत्तीसगढ़ी भाषा">छत्तीसगढ़ी</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="फ़ीजी हिन्दी">फ़ीजी हिन्दी</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;    ">Others</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="दनुवार भाषा">दनुवार</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="पर्या भाषा">पर्या भाषा</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">पूर्वी</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="बिहारी भाषाएँ (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">बिहारी</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="अंगिका भाषा">अंगिका</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="बज्जिका">बज्जिका</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="भोजपुरी भाषा">भोजपुरी</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="कैरेबियाई हिंदुस्तानी">कैरेबियाई हिंदुस्तानी</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="कुरमाली भाषा">कुरमाली</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="मगही भाषा">मगही</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="मैथिली भाषा">मैथिली</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Majhi_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Majhi language (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Majhi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musasa_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Musasa language (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Musasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="नागपुरी भाषा">नागपुरी (सादरी)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="थरुवा भाषा (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">थरुवा</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kochila_Tharu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kochila Tharu (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Kochila</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="बंगाली-असमिया भाषाएँ (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">बंगाली-असमिया</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="असमिया भाषा">असमिया</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="बंगाली भाषा">बंगाली</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81" title="बाङ्ला की बोलियाँ">बोलियाँ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="बिष्णुप्रिया मणिपुरी">बिष्णुप्रिया मणिपुरी</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="चकमा भाषा">चकमा</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="चिट्टगांवी भाषा (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">चिट्टगांवी</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="गोलपारिया बोली (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">गोलपारिया</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="हजोंग भाषा (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">हजोंग</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="खड़िया थार भाषा (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">खड़िया थार</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="कामरुपी भाषा">कामरुपी</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="कुरमुकार भाषा (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">कुरमुकार</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="राजबोंग्शी भाषा">राजबंशी/ रंगपुरी</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="रोहिंग्या भाषा">रोहिंग्या</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="सिलेटी भाषा">सिलहटी/ सिलेटी</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="सुरजापुरी भाषा (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">सुरजापुरी</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="तनचंग्या भाषा (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">तनचंग्या</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Odia</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="ओड़िया भाषा">ओड़िया</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="कोशली भाषा"> संबलपुरी (कोशली)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bodo_Parja_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bodo Parja language (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Bodo Parja</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kupia_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kupia language (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Kupia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reli_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reli language (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Reli</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halbic_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Halbic languages (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Halbic</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="हल्बी भाषा">हल्बी</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="भातरी भाषा">भातरी</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kamar_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kamar language (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Kamar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mirgan_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mirgan language (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Mirgan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nahari_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nahari language (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Nahari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mal_Paharia_language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mal Paharia language (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">Mal Paharia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">दक्षिणी</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A0%E0%A5%80-%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="मराठी-कोंकणी भाषाएँ (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">मराठी-कोंकणी</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="कोंकणी भाषा">कोंकणी</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A0%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="मराठी भाषा">मराठी</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80:Southern_Indo-Aryan_languages&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="श्रेणी:Southern Indo-Aryan languages (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">अन्य</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">द्वीपीय</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="मह्ल भाषा">दिवेही</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="सिंहली भाषा">सिंहली</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">अवर्गीकृत</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="चिनाली भाषा (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">चिनाली</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="शेख़गल भाषा (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">शेख़गल</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="खोलोसी भाषा (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">खोलोसी</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8" title="पिजिन">पिजिन</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="क्रियोल भाषा">क्रियोल</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="अण्डमान क्रियोल हिन्दी">अण्डमान क्रियोल हिन्दी</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="हफ़लौंग हिन्दी">हफ़लौंग हिन्दी</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="नागामी भाषा">नागामी</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="नेफ़ामी भाषा (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">नेफ़ामी</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="वेड्डा भाषा (पृष्ठ मौजूद नहीं है)">वेड्डा</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>ये भी देखें</i>: <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6-%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81" title="साँचा:प्राचीन एवं मध्य हिन्द-आर्य भाषाएँ">प्राचीन एवं मध्य हिन्द-आर्य भाषाएँ</a>; <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6-%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81" title="हिन्द-ईरानी भाषाएँ">हिन्द-ईरानी भाषाएँ</a>; <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81" title="नूरिस्तानी भाषाएँ">नूरिस्तानी भाषाएँ</a>; <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="ईरानी भाषा परिवार">ईरानी भाषा परिवार</a>; <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81" title="साँचा:पश्चिमी पहाड़ी भाषाएँ">साँचा:पश्चिमी पहाड़ी भाषाएँ</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <table class="metadata plainlinks stub" role="presentation" style="background:transparent"><tbody><tr><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/45px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/60px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></span></td><td><i>यह लेख एक <a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="विकिपीडिया:आधार">आधार</a> है। जानकारी जोड़कर इसे <a class="external text" href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE&action=edit">बढ़ाने में</a> विकिपीडिया की मदद करें।</i><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini" style="position: absolute; right: 15px; display: none;"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="साँचा:आधार"><abbr title="यह साँचा देखें">दे</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="साँचा वार्ता:आधार"><abbr title="इस साँचे से संबंधित चर्चा करें">वा</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0&action=edit"><abbr title="यह साँचा संपादित करें">सं</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /><span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="hi" dir="ltr">सन्दर्भ त्रुटि: "note" नामक सन्दर्भ-समूह के लिए <code><ref></code> टैग मौजूद हैं, परन्तु समूह के लिए कोई <code><references group="note"/></code> टैग नहीं मिला। यह भी संभव है कि कोई समाप्ति <code></ref></code> टैग गायब है।</span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=हिन्दुस्तानी_भाषा&oldid=6308002">https://hi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=हिन्दुस्तानी_भाषा&oldid=6308002</a>" से प्राप्त</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7:%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81" title="विशेष:श्रेणियाँ">श्रेणियाँ</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80:%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%94%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81" title="श्रेणी:हिन्दी और इससे सम्बन्धित भाषाएँ">हिन्दी और इससे सम्बन्धित भाषाएँ</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%80:%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%81" title="श्रेणी:भारत की भाषाएँ">भारत की भाषाएँ</a></li><li><a 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