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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Storage_interfaces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Storage_interfaces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Storage interfaces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Storage_interfaces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Form_factors_and_keying" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Form_factors_and_keying"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Form factors and keying</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Form_factors_and_keying-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alternative_standards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alternative_standards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Alternative standards</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Alternative_standards-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Alternative standards subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Alternative_standards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-NGSFF" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#NGSFF"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>NGSFF</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-NGSFF-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-XFM" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#XFM"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>XFM</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-XFM-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet 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Available in 26 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-26" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">26 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.2" title="M.2 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="M.2" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.2" title="M.2 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="M.2" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.2" title="M.2 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="M.2" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.2" title="M.2 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="M.2" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.2" title="M.2 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="M.2" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.2" title="M.2 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="M.2" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.2" title="M.2 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="M.2" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85.%DB%B2" title="ام.۲ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ام.۲" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.2" title="M.2 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="M.2" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.2" title="M.2 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="M.2" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%AE.%E0%A5%A8" title="एम.२ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एम.२" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.2" title="M.2 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="M.2" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.2" title="M.2 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="M.2" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.2" title="M.2 – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="M.2" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.2" title="M.2 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="M.2" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.2" title="M.2 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="M.2" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.2" title="M.2 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="M.2" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.2" title="M.2 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="M.2" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.2" title="M.2 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="M.2" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.2" title="M.2 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="M.2" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.2" title="M.2 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="M.2" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.2" title="M.2 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="M.2" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.2" title="M.2 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="M.2" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M2_ssd" title="M2 ssd – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="M2 ssd" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.2" title="M.2 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="M.2" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.2" title="M.2 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="M.2" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q15528609#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Standard for miniature computer expansion cards</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/M2_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="M2 (disambiguation)">M2</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"NGFF" redirects here. For the Next Generation Small Form Factor (aka NF1/M.3), see <a href="/wiki/NGSFF" class="mw-redirect" title="NGSFF">NGSFF</a>. For the Enterprise and Data Center Standard Form Factor, see <a href="/wiki/EDSFF" class="mw-redirect" title="EDSFF">EDSFF</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">M.2</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Intel_512G_M2_Solid_State_Drive.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Intel_512G_M2_Solid_State_Drive.jpg/250px-Intel_512G_M2_Solid_State_Drive.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Intel_512G_M2_Solid_State_Drive.jpg/375px-Intel_512G_M2_Solid_State_Drive.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Intel_512G_M2_Solid_State_Drive.jpg/500px-Intel_512G_M2_Solid_State_Drive.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">An M.2 2280 <a href="/wiki/Solid-state_drive" title="Solid-state drive">solid-state drive</a> (SSD), 22 mm wide and 80 mm long</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Connects to</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Motherboard" title="Motherboard">Motherboard</a> via one of: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PCI_Express#PCI_Express_3.0" title="PCI Express">PCIe 3.0</a> ×4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCI_Express#PCI_Express_4.0" title="PCI Express">PCIe 4.0</a> ×4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCI_Express#PCI_Express_5.0" title="PCI Express">PCIe 5.0</a> ×4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_ATA_3.0" class="mw-redirect" title="Serial ATA 3.0">Serial ATA 3.0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USB_3.0" title="USB 3.0">USB 3.0</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common manufacturers</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Phison" title="Phison">Phison</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Realtek" title="Realtek">Realtek</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Samsung" title="Samsung">Samsung</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Motion" title="Silicon Motion">Silicon Motion</a><br /><a href="/wiki/SK_Hynix" title="SK Hynix">SK Hynix</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Design firm</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/PCI-SIG" title="PCI-SIG">PCI-SIG</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introduced</th><td class="infobox-data">November 1, 2013<span class="noprint">; 11 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2013-11-01</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dimensions</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>22 mm × 30 mm</li><li>22 mm × 42 mm</li><li>22 mm × 60 mm</li><li>22 mm × 80 mm</li><li>22 mm × 110 mm</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M.2_and_mSATA_SSDs_comparison.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/M.2_and_mSATA_SSDs_comparison.jpg/250px-M.2_and_mSATA_SSDs_comparison.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/M.2_and_mSATA_SSDs_comparison.jpg/375px-M.2_and_mSATA_SSDs_comparison.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/M.2_and_mSATA_SSDs_comparison.jpg/500px-M.2_and_mSATA_SSDs_comparison.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1110" data-file-height="891" /></a><figcaption>A size comparison of an mSATA SSD (left) and an M.2 2242 SSD (right)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>M.2</b>, pronounced <i>m dot two</i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and formerly known as the <b>Next Generation Form Factor</b> (<b>NGFF</b>), is a specification for internally mounted computer <a href="/wiki/Expansion_card" title="Expansion card">expansion cards</a> and associated connectors. M.2 replaces the Mini SATA (<a href="/wiki/MSATA" class="mw-redirect" title="MSATA">mSATA</a>) standard and the Mini PCIe (<a href="/wiki/MPCIe" class="mw-redirect" title="MPCIe">mPCIe</a>) standard (which is how it got the short name of M dot 2 from being Mini SATA 2). Employing a more flexible physical specification, M.2 allows different module widths and lengths, which, paired with the availability of more advanced <a href="/wiki/Interface_(computing)" title="Interface (computing)">interfacing</a> features, makes M.2 more suitable than mSATA in general for <a href="/wiki/Solid-state_storage" title="Solid-state storage">solid-state storage</a> applications, particularly in smaller devices such as <a href="/wiki/Ultrabook" title="Ultrabook">ultrabooks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tablet_computer" title="Tablet computer">tablets</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-snia-webcast_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snia-webcast-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sata-io-m.2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sata-io-m.2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-compreviews_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-compreviews-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bus_(computing)" title="Bus (computing)">Computer bus</a> interfaces provided through the M.2 connector are PCI Express x4 (up to four <a href="/wiki/PCI_Express_lane" class="mw-redirect" title="PCI Express lane">lanes</a>), <a href="/wiki/Serial_ATA_3.0" class="mw-redirect" title="Serial ATA 3.0">Serial ATA 3.0</a>, and <a href="/wiki/USB_3.0" title="USB 3.0">USB 3.0</a> (a single logical port for each of the latter two). It is up to the manufacturer of the M.2 host or module to select which interfaces are to be supported, depending on the desired level of host support and the module type. Different M.2 connector keying notches denote various purposes and capabilities of both the M.2 hosts and modules, and also prevent the M.2 modules from being inserted into incompatible host connectors.<sup id="cite_ref-snia-webcast_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snia-webcast-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sata-io-m.2_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sata-io-m.2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-m.2-intro-orvem_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m.2-intro-orvem-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The M.2 specification supports <a href="/wiki/NVM_Express" title="NVM Express">NVM Express</a> (NVMe) as the logical device interface for M.2 PCI Express <a href="/wiki/Solid-state_drive" title="Solid-state drive">SSDs</a>, in addition to supporting legacy <a href="/wiki/Advanced_Host_Controller_Interface" title="Advanced Host Controller Interface">Advanced Host Controller Interface</a> (AHCI) at the logical interface level. While the support for AHCI ensures software-level <a href="/wiki/Backward_compatibility" title="Backward compatibility">backward compatibility</a> with <a href="/wiki/Legacy_system" title="Legacy system">legacy</a> SATA devices and legacy <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating systems</a>, NVM Express is designed to fully utilize the capability of high-speed PCI Express storage devices to perform many <a href="/wiki/I/O" class="mw-redirect" title="I/O">I/O</a> operations <a href="/wiki/Parallelism_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parallelism (computing)">in parallel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-snia-webcast_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snia-webcast-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 14">: 14 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ahci-nvme_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ahci-nvme-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M.2&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SATA_Express_interface.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/SATA_Express_interface.svg/400px-SATA_Express_interface.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="425" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/SATA_Express_interface.svg/600px-SATA_Express_interface.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/SATA_Express_interface.svg/800px-SATA_Express_interface.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="583" data-file-height="620" /></a><figcaption>A high-level overview of the <a href="/wiki/SATA_Express" title="SATA Express">SATA Express</a> software architecture, which also applies to M.2.<sup id="cite_ref-snia-webcast_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snia-webcast-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 14">: 14 </span></sup> It supports both legacy SATA and PCI Express storage devices, with <a href="/wiki/AHCI" class="mw-redirect" title="AHCI">AHCI</a> and <a href="/wiki/NVMe" class="mw-redirect" title="NVMe">NVMe</a> as the logical device interfaces.<sup id="cite_ref-ahci-nvme_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ahci-nvme-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 4">: 4 </span></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>M.2 modules can integrate multiple functions, including the following device classes: <a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi" title="Wi-Fi">Wi-Fi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bluetooth" title="Bluetooth">Bluetooth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Satellite_navigation" title="Satellite navigation">satellite navigation</a>, <a href="/wiki/Near_field_communication" class="mw-redirect" title="Near field communication">near field communication</a> (NFC), <a href="/wiki/Digital_radio" title="Digital radio">digital radio</a>, <a href="/wiki/WiGig" title="WiGig">WiGig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wireless_WAN" title="Wireless WAN">wireless WAN</a> (WWAN), and <a href="/wiki/Solid-state_drive" title="Solid-state drive">solid-state drives</a> (SSDs).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/SATA_3.2" class="mw-redirect" title="SATA 3.2">SATA revision 3.2</a> specification, in its gold revision as of August 2013<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M.2&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, standardizes M.2 as a new format for storage devices and specifies its hardware layout.<sup id="cite_ref-snia-webcast_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snia-webcast-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 12">: 12 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bus_(computing)" title="Bus (computing)">Buses</a> exposed through the M.2 connector include <a href="/wiki/PCI_Express" title="PCI Express">PCI Express</a> (PCIe) 3.0 and newer, <a href="/wiki/Serial_ATA" class="mw-redirect" title="Serial ATA">Serial ATA</a> (SATA) 3.0 and <a href="/wiki/USB" title="USB">USB</a> 3.0; all these standards are <a href="/wiki/Backward_compatible" class="mw-redirect" title="Backward compatible">backward compatible</a>. </p><p>The M.2 specification provides up to four <a href="/wiki/PCI_Express_lane" class="mw-redirect" title="PCI Express lane">PCI Express lanes</a> and one logical <a href="/wiki/SATA_3.0" class="mw-redirect" title="SATA 3.0">SATA 3.0</a> (6 Gbit/s) port, and exposes them through the same connector so both PCI Express and SATA storage devices may exist in the form of M.2 modules. Exposed PCI Express lanes provide a pure PCI Express connection between the host and storage device, with no additional layers of <a href="/wiki/Bus_(computing)" title="Bus (computing)">bus</a> abstraction.<sup id="cite_ref-pcie-storage_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pcie-storage-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/PCI-SIG" title="PCI-SIG">PCI-SIG</a> M.2 specification, in its revision 1.0 as of December 2013<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M.2&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, provides detailed M.2 specifications.<sup id="cite_ref-snia-webcast_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snia-webcast-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 12">: 12 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-m.2_specification_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m.2_specification-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Storage_interfaces">Storage interfaces</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M.2&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Storage interfaces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Three options are available for the logical device interfaces and command sets used for interfacing with M.2 storage devices, which may be used depending on the type of M.2 storage device and available <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> support:<sup id="cite_ref-snia-webcast_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snia-webcast-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 14">: 14 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ahci-nvme_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ahci-nvme-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pcie-storage_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pcie-storage-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Legacy SATA</dt> <dd>Used for SATA SSDs, and interfaced through the AHCI driver and <a href="/wiki/Legacy_system" title="Legacy system">legacy</a> SATA 3.0 (6 Gbit/s) port exposed through the M.2 connector.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>PCI Express using AHCI</dt> <dd>Used for PCI Express SSDs and interfaced through the <a href="/wiki/AHCI" class="mw-redirect" title="AHCI">AHCI</a> driver and provided PCI Express lanes, providing <a href="/wiki/Backward_compatibility" title="Backward compatibility">backward compatibility</a> with widespread SATA support in operating systems at the cost of lower performance. AHCI was developed when the purpose of a <a href="/wiki/Host_bus_adapter" class="mw-redirect" title="Host bus adapter">host bus adapter</a> (HBA) in a system was to connect the CPU/memory subsystem with a much slower storage subsystem based on rotating <a href="/wiki/Magnetic_storage" title="Magnetic storage">magnetic media</a>; as a result, AHCI has some inherent <a href="/wiki/NVMe_vs_AHCI" class="mw-redirect" title="NVMe vs AHCI">inefficiencies</a> when applied to SSD devices, which behave much more like <a href="/wiki/Random-access_memory" title="Random-access memory">RAM</a> than like spinning media.</dd></dl> <dl><dt>PCI Express using NVMe</dt> <dd>Used for PCI Express SSDs and interfaced through the <a href="/wiki/NVMe" class="mw-redirect" title="NVMe">NVMe</a> driver and provided PCI Express lanes, as a high-performance and scalable host controller interface designed and optimized especially for interfacing with PCI Express SSDs. NVMe has been designed from the ground up, capitalizing on the low <a href="/wiki/Latency_(engineering)" title="Latency (engineering)">latency</a> and enhanced <a href="/wiki/Parallelism_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parallelism (computing)">parallelism</a> of PCI Express SSDs, and complementing the <a href="/wiki/Parallelism_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parallelism (computing)">parallelism</a> of contemporary <a href="/wiki/Central_processing_unit" title="Central processing unit">CPUs</a>, platforms and applications. At a high level, primary <a href="/wiki/NVMe_vs_AHCI" class="mw-redirect" title="NVMe vs AHCI">advantages of NVMe over AHCI</a> relate to NVMe's ability to exploit parallelism in host hardware and software, based on its design advantages that include data transfers with fewer stages, greater depth of <a href="/wiki/Command_queue" title="Command queue">command queues</a>, and more efficient <a href="/wiki/Interrupt" title="Interrupt">interrupt</a> processing.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Form_factors_and_keying"><span class="anchor" id="FORM-FACTORS"></span><span class="anchor" id="KEYING"></span>Form factors and keying</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M.2&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Form factors and keying"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M2_Edge_Connector_Keying.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/M2_Edge_Connector_Keying.svg/350px-M2_Edge_Connector_Keying.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/M2_Edge_Connector_Keying.svg/525px-M2_Edge_Connector_Keying.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/M2_Edge_Connector_Keying.svg/700px-M2_Edge_Connector_Keying.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>M.2 keying notches in B and M positions; the offsetting of the pins on different sides of an M.2 module is also visible.<sup id="cite_ref-rog-asus-313352014_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rog-asus-313352014-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M.2_2230_M-key_SSD_in_comparison_with_Micro-SD_card.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/M.2_2230_M-key_SSD_in_comparison_with_Micro-SD_card.jpg/350px-M.2_2230_M-key_SSD_in_comparison_with_Micro-SD_card.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/M.2_2230_M-key_SSD_in_comparison_with_Micro-SD_card.jpg/525px-M.2_2230_M-key_SSD_in_comparison_with_Micro-SD_card.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/M.2_2230_M-key_SSD_in_comparison_with_Micro-SD_card.jpg/700px-M.2_2230_M-key_SSD_in_comparison_with_Micro-SD_card.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>An M.2 2230 SSD, 22 mm wide and 30 mm long, with the key in the M position, and with a microSD card on top for scale. The large chip on the M.2 module is a single-chip SSD conforming to the M.2 1620 <a href="/wiki/Ball_grid_array" title="Ball grid array">ball grid array</a> (BGA) form factor.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SSD_size_variations.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/SSD_size_variations.jpg/220px-SSD_size_variations.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/SSD_size_variations.jpg/330px-SSD_size_variations.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/SSD_size_variations.jpg/440px-SSD_size_variations.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Size examples of M.2 SSDs. The first two digits of the size number are the width and the remaining digits the length in millimeters; a 2242-sized M.2 SSD is 22mm x 42mm. M.2 slots on motherboards and other devices may not support all SSD sizes.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The M.2 standard is based on the <a href="/wiki/MSATA" class="mw-redirect" title="MSATA">mSATA</a> standard, which uses the existing <a href="/wiki/PCI_Express_Mini_Card" class="mw-redirect" title="PCI Express Mini Card">PCI Express Mini Card</a> (Mini PCIe) <a href="/wiki/Form_factor_(design)" title="Form factor (design)">form factor</a> and connector. M.2 adds the possibility of larger <a href="/wiki/Printed_circuit_board" title="Printed circuit board">printed circuit boards</a> (PCBs), allowing longer modules and double-sided component population. Consequently, M.2 <a href="/wiki/SSD" class="mw-redirect" title="SSD">SSD</a> modules can provide double the storage capacity within the footprint of an mSATA device.<sup id="cite_ref-snia-webcast_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snia-webcast-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 20, 22–23">: 20, 22–23 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-compreviews_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-compreviews-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>M.2 modules are rectangular, with an <a href="/wiki/Edge_connector" title="Edge connector">edge connector</a> on one side and a semicircular mounting hole at the center of the opposite edge. The edge connector has 75 positions with up to 67 pins, employing a 0.5 mm <a href="/wiki/Pin_pitch" class="mw-redirect" title="Pin pitch">pitch</a> and offsetting the pins on opposing sides of the PCB from each other. Each pin on the connector is rated for up to 50 <a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">V</a> and 0.5 <a href="/wiki/Ampere" title="Ampere">A</a>, while the connector itself is specified to endure 60 mating cycles.<sup id="cite_ref-te-ngff_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-te-ngff-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 6">: 6 </span></sup> However, many M.2 slots (Socket 1, 2 and 3) found on motherboards only provide up to 3.3 <a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">V</a> power.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The M.2 standard allows module widths of 12, 16, 22 and 30 mm, and lengths of 16, 26, 30, 38, 42, 60, 80 and 110 mm. Initial line-up of the commercially available M.2 expansion cards is 22 mm wide, with varying lengths of 30, 42, 60, 80 and 110 mm.<sup id="cite_ref-sata-io-m.2_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sata-io-m.2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-m.2-intro-orvem_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m.2-intro-orvem-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-te-ngff_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-te-ngff-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The codes for the M.2 module sizes contain both the width and length of a particular module; for example, "2242" as a module code means that the module is 22 mm wide and 42 mm long, while "2280" denotes a module 22 mm wide and 80 mm long. </p><p>An M.2 module is installed into a mating connector provided by the host's circuit board, and a single mounting screw secures the module into place. Components may be mounted on either side of the module, with the actual module type limiting how thick the components can be; the maximum allowable thickness of components is 1.5 mm per side, and the thickness of the PCB is <span class="nowrap">0.8 mm ± 10%</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-m.2_specification_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m.2_specification-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Different host-side connectors are used for single- and double-sided M.2 modules, providing different amounts of space between the M.2 expansion card and the host's PCB.<sup id="cite_ref-compreviews_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-compreviews-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-m.2-intro-orvem_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m.2-intro-orvem-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-te-ngff_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-te-ngff-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Circuit boards on the hosts are usually designed to accept multiple lengths of M.2 modules, which means that the sockets capable of accepting longer M.2 modules usually also accept shorter ones by providing different positions for the mounting screw.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin-left: 0.5em; margin-right: 2em; margin-top: 0.75em; margin-bottom: 0.9em;"> <caption>M.2 module keying and provided interfaces<sup id="cite_ref-m.2-intro-orvem_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m.2-intro-orvem-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 8">: 8 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-te-ngff_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-te-ngff-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 3">: 3 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pcisig_2013-11_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pcisig_2013-11-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Key<br />ID </th> <th>Notched<br />pins </th> <th style="min-width: 27em;">Provided interfaces </th> <th>Dimensions </th> <th>Uses </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">A (Socket 1) </td> <td style="text-align: center;">8–15 </td> <td>2 of <a href="/wiki/PCIe" class="mw-redirect" title="PCIe">PCIe</a> ×1, USB 2.0, <a href="/wiki/I2C" class="mw-redirect" title="I2C">I<sup>2</sup>C</a> and <a href="/wiki/DisplayPort" title="DisplayPort">DP</a> ×4 </td> <td>1630, 2230, 3030 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi" title="Wi-Fi">Wi-Fi</a>, <a href="/wiki/WWAN" class="mw-redirect" title="WWAN">WWAN</a>, <a href="/wiki/GPS_receiver" class="mw-redirect" title="GPS receiver">GPS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bluetooth" title="Bluetooth">Bluetooth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Near-field_communication" title="Near-field communication">NFC</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">B (Socket 2) </td> <td style="text-align: center;">12–19 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SATA" title="SATA">SATA</a>, PCIe ×2, USB 2.0 and 3.0, audio, <a href="/wiki/User_identity_module" class="mw-redirect" title="User identity module">UIM</a>, <a href="/wiki/HSIC" class="mw-redirect" title="HSIC">HSIC</a>, <a href="/wiki/SSIC" class="mw-redirect" title="SSIC">SSIC</a>, I<sup>2</sup>C and <a href="/wiki/SMBus" class="mw-redirect" title="SMBus">SMBus</a> </td> <td>2230, 2242, 2260, 2280, 22100 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SSD" class="mw-redirect" title="SSD">SSD</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">C </td> <td style="text-align: center;">16–23 </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="3">Reserved for future use </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">D </td> <td style="text-align: center;">20–27 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">E (Socket 1) </td> <td style="text-align: center;">24–31 </td> <td>2 of PCIe ×1, USB 2.0, <a href="/wiki/I2C" class="mw-redirect" title="I2C">I<sup>2</sup>C</a>, <a href="/wiki/Secure_Digital_Input_Output" class="mw-redirect" title="Secure Digital Input Output">SDIO</a>, <a href="/wiki/UART" class="mw-redirect" title="UART">UART</a>, <a href="/wiki/PCM" class="mw-redirect" title="PCM">PCM</a> and <a href="/wiki/CNVi" title="CNVi">CNVi</a> </td> <td>1630, 2230, 3030 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi" title="Wi-Fi">Wi-Fi</a>, <a href="/wiki/WWAN" class="mw-redirect" title="WWAN">WWAN</a>, <a href="/wiki/GPS_receiver" class="mw-redirect" title="GPS receiver">GPS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bluetooth" title="Bluetooth">Bluetooth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Near-field_communication" title="Near-field communication">NFC</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">A+E (Socket 1) </td> <td style="text-align: center;">8–15 and 24–31 </td> <td>2 of PCIe ×1, USB 2.0 and <a href="/wiki/CNVi" title="CNVi">CNVi</a> </td> <td>1630, 2230, 3030 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi" title="Wi-Fi">Wi-Fi</a>, <a href="/wiki/WWAN" class="mw-redirect" title="WWAN">WWAN</a>, <a href="/wiki/GPS_receiver" class="mw-redirect" title="GPS receiver">GPS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bluetooth" title="Bluetooth">Bluetooth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Near-field_communication" title="Near-field communication">NFC</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">F </td> <td style="text-align: center;">28–35 </td> <td colspan="3">Future Memory Interface (FMI) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">G </td> <td style="text-align: center;">39–46 </td> <td colspan="3">Reserved for custom use (unused in the M.2 specification) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">H </td> <td style="text-align: center;">43–50 </td> <td rowspan="4" colspan="3">Reserved for future use </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">J </td> <td style="text-align: center;">47–54 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">K </td> <td style="text-align: center;">51–58 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">L </td> <td style="text-align: center;">55–62 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">M (Socket 3) </td> <td style="text-align: center;">59–66 </td> <td>SATA, PCIe ×4, and SMBus </td> <td>2230, 2242, 2260, 2280, 22100 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SSD" class="mw-redirect" title="SSD">SSD</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;">B+M (Socket 2) </td> <td style="text-align: center;">12-19 and 59–66 </td> <td>SATA, PCIe ×2, and SMBus </td> <td>2230, 2242, 2260, 2280, 22100 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/SSD" class="mw-redirect" title="SSD">SSD</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; margin-left: 0em; margin-right: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.75em; margin-bottom: 0.9em;"> <caption>Maximum component thickness on M.2 modules<sup id="cite_ref-m.2-intro-orvem_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m.2-intro-orvem-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 8">: 8 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-te-ngff_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-te-ngff-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 3">: 3 </span></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Type<br />ID </th> <th>Top <br />side </th> <th>Bottom <br />side </th></tr> <tr> <td>S1</td> <td>1.20 mm</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>S2</td> <td>1.35 mm</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>S3</td> <td>1.50 mm</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>D1</td> <td>1.20 mm</td> <td>1.35 mm </td></tr> <tr> <td>D2</td> <td>1.35 mm</td> <td>1.35 mm </td></tr> <tr> <td>D3</td> <td>1.50 mm</td> <td>1.35 mm </td></tr> <tr> <td>D4</td> <td>1.50 mm</td> <td>0.70 mm </td></tr> <tr> <td>D5</td> <td>1.50 mm</td> <td>1.50 mm </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M.2_connector_on_a_computer_motherboard.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/M.2_connector_on_a_computer_motherboard.jpg/350px-M.2_connector_on_a_computer_motherboard.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/M.2_connector_on_a_computer_motherboard.jpg/525px-M.2_connector_on_a_computer_motherboard.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/M.2_connector_on_a_computer_motherboard.jpg/700px-M.2_connector_on_a_computer_motherboard.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>An M.2 socket on a <a href="/wiki/Motherboard" title="Motherboard">motherboard</a>, visible in the upper-left portion of the picture. The socket is keyed in the M position and provides two positions for the mounting screw, accepting 2260 and 2280 sizes of M.2 modules.</figcaption></figure> <p>The PCB of an M.2 module provides a 75-position edge connector; depending on the type of module, certain pin positions are removed to present one or more keying notches. Host-side M.2 connectors (sockets) may populate one or more mating key positions, determining the type of modules accepted by the host; as of April 2014<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=M.2&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, host-side connectors are available with only one mating key position populated (either B or M).<sup id="cite_ref-m.2-intro-orvem_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m.2-intro-orvem-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-te-ngff_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-te-ngff-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rog-asus-313352014_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rog-asus-313352014-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, M.2 sockets keyed for SATA or two PCI Express lanes (PCIe ×2) are referred to as "socket 2 configuration" or "socket 2", while the sockets keyed for four PCI Express lanes (PCIe ×4) are referred to as "socket 3 configuration" or "socket 3".<sup id="cite_ref-snia-webcast_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snia-webcast-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 15">: 15 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For example, M.2 modules with two notches in B and M positions use up to two PCI Express lanes and provide broader compatibility at the same time, while the M.2 modules with only one notch in the M position use up to four PCI Express lanes; both examples may also provide SATA storage devices. Similar keying applies to M.2 modules that utilize provided USB 3.0 connectivity.<sup id="cite_ref-m.2-intro-orvem_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m.2-intro-orvem-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rog-asus-313352014_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rog-asus-313352014-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Various types of M.2 modules are denoted using the "WWLL-HH-K-K" or "WWLL-HH-K" naming schemes, in which "WW" and "LL" specify the module width and length in millimeters, respectively. The "HH" part specifies, in an encoded form, whether a module is single- or double-sided, and the maximum allowed thickness of mounted components; possible values are listed in the right table above. Module keying is specified by the "K-K" part, in an encoded form using the key IDs from the left table above; it can also be specified as "K" only, if a module has only one keying notch.<sup id="cite_ref-m.2-intro-orvem_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m.2-intro-orvem-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-te-ngff_14-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-te-ngff-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beside socketed modules, the M.2 standard also includes the option for having permanently <a href="/wiki/Soldering" title="Soldering">soldered</a> single-sided modules.<sup id="cite_ref-te-ngff_14-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-te-ngff-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="M.3"></span><span class="anchor" id="NF1"></span><span class="anchor" id="NGSFF"></span><span class="anchor" id="XFM"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alternative_standards">Alternative standards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M.2&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Alternative standards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="NGSFF">NGSFF</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M.2&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: NGSFF"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2017, Samsung introduced a new form factor called <i>Next Generation Small Form Factor</i> (NGSFF), also known as NF1 or M.3, which may replace <a href="/wiki/U.2" title="U.2">U.2</a> in server applications.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NGSFF connector is electrically and dimensionally compatible with M.2 (revision 1.1)'s connector; new functionality is achieved through previously unused (N/C) pins.<sup id="cite_ref-DWang_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DWang-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main changes compared to M.2 are: </p> <ul><li>The width (or "height") of the SSD is increased from 22 mm to 30.5 mm; the thickness is increased from 3.88 mm to 4.38 mm. These changes allow more NAND chips to be fitted onto an SSD while still fitting inside a <a href="/wiki/Rack_unit" title="Rack unit">rack unit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Samsung_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Samsung-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>New pins for 12 V power. Devices are supposed to mainly use 12 V power instead of the old 3.3 V, which has been made optional.<sup id="cite_ref-Samsung_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Samsung-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ability to run two PCIe ports (each with two lanes) on one NGSFF port.<sup id="cite_ref-DWang_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DWang-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Features for rackmount servers: hotswap support, indicator LEDs, SSD tray (with new screw holes).<sup id="cite_ref-DWang_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DWang-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>In 2018, the PCI-SIG issued a warning that NGSFF's new pin usage clashes with the pin usage in the upcoming 1.2 revision of the M.2 standard. The new revision uses some of the previously non-connected (N/C) pins to deliver 1.8 V power and USB 2.0 data on the "M" socket. Samsung has sought to standardize its NGSFF/NF1 through <a href="/wiki/JEDEC" title="JEDEC">JEDEC</a>, but the process appears to have stalled.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="XFM">XFM</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M.2&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: XFM"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>JEDEC JESD233 is another specification called <i>Crossover Flash Memory</i> (XFM) for XFM Embedded and Removable Memory Devices (XFMD). It targets to replace the M.2 form factor with a significantly smaller one (also called XT2), so that it can also be designed as an alternative to soldered memory. XFM Express utilizes a <a href="/wiki/NVM_Express" title="NVM Express">NVMe</a> logical interface over a <a href="/wiki/PCI_Express" title="PCI Express">PCI Express</a> physical interface.<sup id="cite_ref-Lee_2021_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee_2021-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Liu_2019_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Liu_2019-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M.2&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:M.2_2242_SSD_connected_into_USB_3.0_adapter.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An M.2 2242 SSD connected into a USB 3.0 adapter and connected to a computer"><img alt="An M.2 2242 SSD connected into a USB 3.0 adapter and connected to a computer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/M.2_2242_SSD_connected_into_USB_3.0_adapter.jpg/200px-M.2_2242_SSD_connected_into_USB_3.0_adapter.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/M.2_2242_SSD_connected_into_USB_3.0_adapter.jpg/300px-M.2_2242_SSD_connected_into_USB_3.0_adapter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/M.2_2242_SSD_connected_into_USB_3.0_adapter.jpg/400px-M.2_2242_SSD_connected_into_USB_3.0_adapter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1599" data-file-height="714" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An M.2 2242 SSD connected into a <a href="/wiki/USB" title="USB">USB</a> 3.0 adapter and connected to a computer</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Delock_USB_m.2_NVMe_docking_station-oblique_FS_PNr%C2%B00912.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A docking station for M.2 modules"><img alt="A docking station for M.2 modules" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Delock_USB_m.2_NVMe_docking_station-oblique_FS_PNr%C2%B00912.jpg/200px-Delock_USB_m.2_NVMe_docking_station-oblique_FS_PNr%C2%B00912.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Delock_USB_m.2_NVMe_docking_station-oblique_FS_PNr%C2%B00912.jpg/300px-Delock_USB_m.2_NVMe_docking_station-oblique_FS_PNr%C2%B00912.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Delock_USB_m.2_NVMe_docking_station-oblique_FS_PNr%C2%B00912.jpg/400px-Delock_USB_m.2_NVMe_docking_station-oblique_FS_PNr%C2%B00912.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4024" data-file-height="3121" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A docking station for M.2 modules</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Delock_USB_m.2_NVMe_docking_station-slot_FS_PNr%C2%B00914.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The connection slot of the docking station"><img alt="The connection slot of the docking station" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Delock_USB_m.2_NVMe_docking_station-slot_FS_PNr%C2%B00914.jpg/200px-Delock_USB_m.2_NVMe_docking_station-slot_FS_PNr%C2%B00914.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Delock_USB_m.2_NVMe_docking_station-slot_FS_PNr%C2%B00914.jpg/300px-Delock_USB_m.2_NVMe_docking_station-slot_FS_PNr%C2%B00914.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Delock_USB_m.2_NVMe_docking_station-slot_FS_PNr%C2%B00914.jpg/400px-Delock_USB_m.2_NVMe_docking_station-slot_FS_PNr%C2%B00914.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3502" data-file-height="1343" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The connection slot of the docking station</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Samsung_980_PRO_PCIe_4.0_NVMe_SSD_1TB-top_PNr%C2%B00915.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Samsung 980 PRO PCIe 4.0 NVMe SSD with 1 TB of storage capacity"><img alt="A Samsung 980 PRO PCIe 4.0 NVMe SSD with 1 TB of storage capacity" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Samsung_980_PRO_PCIe_4.0_NVMe_SSD_1TB-top_PNr%C2%B00915.jpg/200px-Samsung_980_PRO_PCIe_4.0_NVMe_SSD_1TB-top_PNr%C2%B00915.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Samsung_980_PRO_PCIe_4.0_NVMe_SSD_1TB-top_PNr%C2%B00915.jpg/300px-Samsung_980_PRO_PCIe_4.0_NVMe_SSD_1TB-top_PNr%C2%B00915.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Samsung_980_PRO_PCIe_4.0_NVMe_SSD_1TB-top_PNr%C2%B00915.jpg/400px-Samsung_980_PRO_PCIe_4.0_NVMe_SSD_1TB-top_PNr%C2%B00915.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3691" data-file-height="1318" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Samsung 980 PRO PCIe 4.0 NVMe SSD with 1 TB of storage capacity</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 190px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:M.2_1630_and_M.2_2230_WiFi_cards_side_by_side.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="M.2 2230 (left) and M.2 1630 WiFi cards"><img alt="M.2 2230 (left) and M.2 1630 WiFi cards" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/M.2_1630_and_M.2_2230_WiFi_cards_side_by_side.jpg/200px-M.2_1630_and_M.2_2230_WiFi_cards_side_by_side.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/M.2_1630_and_M.2_2230_WiFi_cards_side_by_side.jpg/300px-M.2_1630_and_M.2_2230_WiFi_cards_side_by_side.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/M.2_1630_and_M.2_2230_WiFi_cards_side_by_side.jpg/400px-M.2_1630_and_M.2_2230_WiFi_cards_side_by_side.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6809" data-file-height="5178" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">M.2 2230 (left) and M.2 1630 <a href="/wiki/WiFi" class="mw-redirect" title="WiFi">WiFi</a> cards</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M.2&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 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href="/wiki/Enterprise_and_Data_Center_Standard_Form_Factor" title="Enterprise and Data Center Standard Form Factor">Enterprise and Data Center Standard Form Factor</a> (EDSFF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_interface_bit_rates" title="List of interface bit rates">List of interface bit rates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NVM_Express" title="NVM Express">NVM Express</a> (NVMe)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid-state_drive#Configurations" title="Solid-state drive">Solid-state drive § Configurations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.2" title="U.2">U.2</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M.2&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TechSpot&rft.atitle=Move+over+M.2%2C+here+comes+the+XFM+memory+specification+-+And+it+might+displace+soldered+storage%2C+too%2C+with+some+luck&rft.date=2021-08-28&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.techspot.com%2Fnews%2F91000-move-over-m2-here-comes-xfm-memory-specification.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM.2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Liu_2019-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Liu_2019_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiu2019" class="citation web cs1">Liu, Zhiye (6 August 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tomshardware.com/news/toshiba-xfmexpress-nvme-ssd,40104.html">"Toshiba Unveils XFMEXPRESS Form Factor for NVMe SSDs"</a>. <i>Tom's Hardware</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tom%27s+Hardware&rft.atitle=Toshiba+Unveils+XFMEXPRESS+Form+Factor+for+NVMe+SSDs&rft.date=2019-08-06&rft.aulast=Liu&rft.aufirst=Zhiye&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tomshardware.com%2Fnews%2Ftoshiba-xfmexpress-nvme-ssd%2C40104.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AM.2" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=M.2&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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href="https://lwn.net/Articles/547903">LFCS: Preparing Linux for nonvolatile memory devices</a>, <a href="/wiki/LWN.net" title="LWN.net">LWN.net</a>, April 19, 2013, by Jonathan Corbet</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140202110152/http://www.snia.org/sites/default/files/SNIASSSIPCIe101WhitePaper1.12013.pdf">PCIe SSD 101: An Overview of Standards, Markets and Performance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Storage_Networking_Industry_Association" title="Storage Networking Industry Association">SNIA</a>, August 2013, archived from the original on February 2, 2014</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congatec.com/fileadmin/user_upload/Documents/Application_Notes/AN43_M.2_Pinout_Descriptions_and_Reference_Designs.pdf">M.2 Pinout Descriptions and Reference Designs</a>, January 28, 2020, an application note from <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congatec" class="extiw" title="de:Congatec">Congatec</a></li> <li><span><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patents.google.com/patent/US20130294023">Interface card mount</a></span> –  US patent 20130294023, November 7, 2013, assigned to Raphael Gay</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Solid-state_drive" title="Solid-state drive">Solid-state drives</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encryption" title="Encryption">Encryption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Error_detection_and_correction" title="Error detection and correction">ECC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_file_system" title="Flash file system">Flash file system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_memory" title="Flash memory">Flash memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-level_cell" title="Multi-level cell">SLC/MLC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_memory_controller" title="Flash memory controller">Flash memory controller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garbage_collection_(SSD)" class="mw-redirect" title="Garbage collection (SSD)">Garbage collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOPS" title="IOPS">IOPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bit_rate" title="Bit rate">MB/s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_memory#Memory_wear" title="Flash memory">Memory wear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open-channel_SSD" title="Open-channel SSD">Open-channel SSD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Write_amplification#Over-provisioning" title="Write amplification">Over-provisioning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_memory#Read_disturb" title="Flash memory">Read disturb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Write_amplification#Secure_erase" title="Write amplification">Secure erase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid-state_storage" title="Solid-state storage">Solid-state storage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trim_(computing)" title="Trim (computing)">Trim command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wear_leveling" title="Wear leveling">Wear leveling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Write_amplification" title="Write amplification">Write amplification</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Flash manufacturers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Micron_Technology" title="Micron Technology">Micron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsung_Electronics" title="Samsung Electronics">Samsung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SK_Hynix" title="SK Hynix">SK Hynix</a> <ul><li>Bought <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>'s NAND flash SSD business and renamed it Solidigm</li></ul></li> <li>Flash Forward (joint venture between <a href="/wiki/Western_Digital" title="Western Digital">Western Digital</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kioxia" title="Kioxia">Kioxia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangtze_Memory_Technologies" title="Yangtze Memory Technologies">YMTC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/XMC_(company)" title="XMC (company)">XMC</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_flash_memory_controller_manufacturers" title="List of flash memory controller manufacturers">Controllers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Captive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Digital" title="Western Digital">Western Digital</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SanDisk" title="SanDisk">SanDisk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusion-io" title="Fusion-io">Fusion-io</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HGST" title="HGST">HGST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STec" title="STec">sTec</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kioxia" title="Kioxia">Kioxia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OCZ" title="OCZ">OCZ</a> (bankrupt, assets sold to Toshiba, which later spun off its SSD and flash business to Kioxia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indilinx" title="Indilinx">Indilinx</a> (bought by OCZ)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micron_Technology" title="Micron Technology">Micron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsung_Electronics" title="Samsung Electronics">Samsung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seagate_Technology" title="Seagate Technology">Seagate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SandForce" title="SandForce">SandForce</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SK_Hynix" title="SK Hynix">SK Hynix</a> <ul><li>Bought <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>'s NAND flash SSD business including controllers and renamed it Solidigm</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=FADU&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="FADU (page does not exist)">FADU</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greenliant_Systems" title="Greenliant Systems">Greenliant Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Goke_Microelectronics&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Goke Microelectronics (page does not exist)">Goke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JMicron" title="JMicron">Maxiotek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvell_Technology_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Marvell Technology Group">Marvell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phison" title="Phison">Phison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PMC-Sierra" title="PMC-Sierra">PMC-Sierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Motion" title="Silicon Motion">SMI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">SSD manufacturers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_solid-state_drive_manufacturers" title="List of solid-state drive manufacturers">List of solid-state drive manufacturers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interfaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Host_Controller_Interface" title="Advanced Host Controller Interface">Advanced Host Controller Interface</a> (AHCI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibre_Channel" title="Fibre Channel">Fibre Channel</a> (FC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NVM_Express" title="NVM Express">NVM Express</a> (NVMe)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCI_Express" title="PCI Express">PCI Express</a> (PCIe)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SATA_Express" title="SATA Express">SATA Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_ATA" class="mw-redirect" title="Serial ATA">Serial ATA</a> (SATA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_attached_SCSI" class="mw-redirect" title="Serial attached SCSI">Serial attached SCSI</a> (SAS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USB" title="USB">Universal Serial Bus</a> (USB)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Configurations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hard_disk_drive#Form_factors" title="Hard disk drive">HDD form factors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSATA" class="mw-redirect" title="MSATA">mSATA</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">M.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PCI_Express" title="PCI Express">PCI Express</a> <a href="/wiki/Expansion_card" title="Expansion card">expansion card</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thunderbolt_(interface)" title="Thunderbolt (interface)">Thunderbolt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USB-C" title="USB-C">USB Type-C</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.2" title="U.2">U.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.3" class="mw-redirect" title="U.3">U.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EDSFF" class="mw-redirect" title="EDSFF">EDSFF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Committee_for_Information_Technology_Standards" title="International Committee for Information Technology Standards">INCITS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JEDEC" title="JEDEC">JEDEC / JC-42, JC-64.8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_NAND_Flash_Interface_Working_Group" title="Open NAND Flash Interface Working Group">ONFI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NVM_Express#History" title="NVM Express">NVMHCI Work Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USB_Implementers_Forum" title="USB Implementers Forum">USB-IF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serial_ATA_International_Organization" title="Serial ATA International Organization">SATA-IO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Form_Factor_Committee" title="Small Form Factor Committee">SFF Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storage_Networking_Industry_Association" title="Storage Networking Industry Association">SNIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid_state_storage_initiative" class="mw-redirect" title="Solid state storage initiative">SSSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCSI" title="SCSI">T10/SCSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibre_Channel" title="Fibre Channel">T11/FC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_ATA" title="Parallel ATA">T13/ATA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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