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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">San Diego</h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/San_Diego" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:San_Diego" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Language </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=San+Diego" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> Watch </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> Edit </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the city in California. For the county, see <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_County,_California" title="San Diego County, California">San Diego County, California</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="San Diego (disambiguation)">San Diego (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style>San Diego (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˌsæn diˈeɪɡoʊ/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui='{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/a0\/En-us-san_diego.ogg\/En-us-san_diego.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-san diego.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}'><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a0/En-us-san_diego.ogg/En-us-san_diego.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-san_diego.ogg" title="File:En-us-san diego.ogg">ⓘ</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">SAN dee-AY-goh</a>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>Spanish: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[san ˈdjeɣo]</a>) is a city on the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_coast" title="Pacific coast">Pacific coast</a> of <a href="/wiki/Southern_California" title="Southern California">Southern California</a>, immediately adjacent to the <a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Mexico–United States border">Mexico–United States border</a>. With a population of over 1.3 million residents, it is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">eighth-most populous</a> city in the United States and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_California_cities_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of California cities by population">second-most populous</a> in the <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">state</a> of <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, after <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>. San Diego is the <a href="/wiki/County_seat" title="County seat">seat</a> of <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_County" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego County">San Diego County</a>, which has a population of nearly 3.3 million people.<a href="#cite_note-County_QuickFacts-15">[15]</a> It is known for its mild year-round <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">Mediterranean climate</a>, extensive <a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_San_Diego_County" title="List of beaches in San Diego County">beaches</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_parks_in_San_Diego" title="List of parks in San Diego">parks</a>, long association with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a>, and its recent emergence as a <a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_San_Diego" title="List of hospitals in San Diego">healthcare</a> and <a href="/wiki/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology">biotechnology</a> development center. <table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">San Diego</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_municipalities_in_California" title="List of municipalities in California">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="height:106px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Diego_skyline_18_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Downtown San Diego skyline" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/San_Diego_skyline_18_%28cropped%29.jpg/288px-San_Diego_skyline_18_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/San_Diego_skyline_18_%28cropped%29.jpg/432px-San_Diego_skyline_18_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/San_Diego_skyline_18_%28cropped%29.jpg/576px-San_Diego_skyline_18_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4619" data-file-height="1716"></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Downtown_San_Diego" title="Downtown San Diego">Downtown San Diego</a> skyline</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:151px;max-width:151px"><div style="height:96px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Jolla_Shores_view_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="La Jolla Shores" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/La_Jolla_Shores_view_%28cropped%29.jpg/149px-La_Jolla_Shores_view_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="149" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/La_Jolla_Shores_view_%28cropped%29.jpg/224px-La_Jolla_Shores_view_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/La_Jolla_Shores_view_%28cropped%29.jpg/298px-La_Jolla_Shores_view_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1237"></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/La_Jolla" title="La Jolla">La Jolla</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:137px;max-width:137px"><div style="height:96px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Mission_San_Diego_(cropped2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Mission San Diego de Alcalá" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Mission_San_Diego_%28cropped2%29.jpg/135px-Mission_San_Diego_%28cropped2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Mission_San_Diego_%28cropped2%29.jpg/203px-Mission_San_Diego_%28cropped2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Mission_San_Diego_%28cropped2%29.jpg/270px-Mission_San_Diego_%28cropped2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1845"></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Mission_San_Diego_de_Alcal%C3%A1" title="Mission San Diego de Alcalá">Mission San Diego de Alcalá</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:101px;max-width:101px"><div style="height:136px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Balboa_Park6_(cropped3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="California Tower at Balboa Park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Balboa_Park6_%28cropped3%29.jpg/99px-Balboa_Park6_%28cropped3%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Balboa_Park6_%28cropped3%29.jpg/149px-Balboa_Park6_%28cropped3%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Balboa_Park6_%28cropped3%29.jpg/198px-Balboa_Park6_%28cropped3%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1882" data-file-height="2595"></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/California_Quadrangle" title="California Quadrangle">California Tower</a> at <a href="/wiki/Balboa_Park_(San_Diego)" title="Balboa Park (San Diego)">Balboa Park</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:90px;max-width:90px"><div style="height:136px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Cortez_Hill,_San_Diego,_CA_92101,_USA_-_panoramio_(5).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="El Cortez" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Cortez_Hill%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA_92101%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%285%29.jpg/88px-Cortez_Hill%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA_92101%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%285%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Cortez_Hill%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA_92101%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%285%29.jpg/132px-Cortez_Hill%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA_92101%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%285%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Cortez_Hill%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA_92101%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%285%29.jpg/176px-Cortez_Hill%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA_92101%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%285%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3772" data-file-height="5856"></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/El_Cortez_(San_Diego)" title="El Cortez (San Diego)">El Cortez</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:95px;max-width:95px"><div style="height:136px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Balboa_Theatre,_San_Diego_01_(cropped2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Balboa Theatre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Balboa_Theatre%2C_San_Diego_01_%28cropped2%29.jpg/93px-Balboa_Theatre%2C_San_Diego_01_%28cropped2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="93" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Balboa_Theatre%2C_San_Diego_01_%28cropped2%29.jpg/140px-Balboa_Theatre%2C_San_Diego_01_%28cropped2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Balboa_Theatre%2C_San_Diego_01_%28cropped2%29.jpg/186px-Balboa_Theatre%2C_San_Diego_01_%28cropped2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1457" data-file-height="2123"></a></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Balboa_Theatre" title="Balboa Theatre">Balboa Theatre</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_San_Diego,_California.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of San Diego"><img alt="Flag of San Diego" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_San_Diego%2C_California.svg/120px-Flag_of_San_Diego%2C_California.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_San_Diego%2C_California.svg/180px-Flag_of_San_Diego%2C_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_San_Diego%2C_California.svg/240px-Flag_of_San_Diego%2C_California.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1333" data-file-height="800"></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_San_Diego" title="Flag of San Diego">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_San_Diego,_California.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of San Diego"><img alt="Official seal of San Diego" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Seal_of_San_Diego%2C_California.svg/99px-Seal_of_San_Diego%2C_California.svg.png" decoding="async" width="99" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Seal_of_San_Diego%2C_California.svg/149px-Seal_of_San_Diego%2C_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Seal_of_San_Diego%2C_California.svg/198px-Seal_of_San_Diego%2C_California.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="258"></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal</div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Diego_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Official logo of San Diego"><img alt="Official logo of San Diego" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/San_Diego_Logo.svg/100px-San_Diego_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/San_Diego_Logo.svg/150px-San_Diego_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/San_Diego_Logo.svg/200px-San_Diego_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="483" data-file-height="297"></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Logo</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nicknames: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">"America's Finest City",<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> "Birthplace of California", "City in Motion"<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">Semper Vigilans (<a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a> for 'Ever Vigilant')</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Diego_County_California_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_San_Diego_Highlighted.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of San Diego in San Diego County, California"><img alt="Location of San Diego in San Diego County, California" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/San_Diego_County_California_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_San_Diego_Highlighted.svg/250px-San_Diego_County_California_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_San_Diego_Highlighted.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/San_Diego_County_California_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_San_Diego_Highlighted.svg/375px-San_Diego_County_California_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_San_Diego_Highlighted.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/San_Diego_County_California_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_San_Diego_Highlighted.svg/500px-San_Diego_County_California_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_San_Diego_Highlighted.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="900"></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location of San Diego in <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_County,_California" title="San Diego County, California">San Diego County, California</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Relief_map_of_California.png" class="mw-file-description" title="San Diego is located in California"><img alt="San Diego is located in California" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Relief_map_of_California.png/250px-Relief_map_of_California.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Relief_map_of_California.png/375px-Relief_map_of_California.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Relief_map_of_California.png/500px-Relief_map_of_California.png 2x" data-file-width="681" data-file-height="780"></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:95.808%;left:69.792%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="San Diego" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>San Diego</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within California</div>Show map of California</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="San Diego is located in the United States"><img alt="San Diego is located in the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/250px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/375px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png/500px-Usa_edcp_relief_location_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="731"></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:63.346%;left:11.809%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="San Diego" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>San Diego</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within the United States</div>Show map of the United States</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:North_America_laea_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="San Diego is located in North America"><img alt="San Diego is located in North America" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/North_America_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-North_America_laea_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/North_America_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-North_America_laea_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/North_America_laea_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-North_America_laea_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1185"></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:65.932%;left:32.513%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="San Diego" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64"></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>San Diego</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">San Diego (North America)</div>Show map of North America</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=San_Diego&params=32_42_54_N_117_09_45_W_region:US-CA_city(1,400,000)_type:city(1386932)">32°42′54″N 117°09′45″W / 32.71500°N 117.16250°W / 32.71500; -117.16250</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"> United States</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/23px-Flag_of_California.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/35px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/45px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_California" title="List of counties in California">County</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_San_Diego_County%2C_California.png/23px-Flag_of_San_Diego_County%2C_California.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_San_Diego_County%2C_California.png/35px-Flag_of_San_Diego_County%2C_California.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_San_Diego_County%2C_California.png/46px-Flag_of_San_Diego_County%2C_California.png 2x" data-file-width="1381" data-file-height="875"> <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_County,_California" title="San Diego County, California">San Diego</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">July 16, 1769; 255 years ago (1769-07-16)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Municipal_corporation" title="Municipal corporation">Incorporated</a></th><td class="infobox-data">March 27, 1850<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Namesake" title="Namesake">Named for</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Didacus_of_Alcal%C3%A1" title="Didacus of Alcalá">Saint Didacus of Alcalá</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Strong_Mayor" class="mw-redirect" title="Strong Mayor">Strong Mayor</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_City_Council" title="San Diego City Council">San Diego City Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_San_Diego" title="Mayor of San Diego">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Todd_Gloria" title="Todd Gloria">Todd Gloria</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_City_Attorney" title="San Diego City Attorney">City Attorney</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mara_Elliott" title="Mara Elliott">Mara Elliott</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>)<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_City_Council" title="San Diego City Council">City Council</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none; padding: 0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align:left;display:none;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">• <a href="/wiki/Joe_LaCava" title="Joe LaCava">Joe LaCava</a> D-District 1</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">• <a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Campbell_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jennifer Campbell (politician)">Jennifer Campbell</a> D-District 2</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">• <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Whitburn" title="Stephen Whitburn">Stephen Whitburn</a> D-District 3</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">• <a href="/wiki/Monica_Montgomery" class="mw-redirect" title="Monica Montgomery">Monica Montgomery</a> D-District 4</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">• <a href="/wiki/Marni_von_Wilpert" title="Marni von Wilpert">Marni von Wilpert</a> D-District 5</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">• <a href="/wiki/Kent_Lee_(politician)" title="Kent Lee (politician)">Kent Lee</a> D-District 6</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">• <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raul_Campillo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raul Campillo (page does not exist)">Raul Campillo</a> D-District 7</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">• <a href="/wiki/Vivian_Moreno" title="Vivian Moreno">Vivian Moreno</a> D-District 8</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">• <a href="/wiki/Sean_Elo-Rivera" title="Sean Elo-Rivera">Sean Elo-Rivera</a> D-District 9</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/California_State_Assembly" title="California State Assembly">State Assembly Members</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none; padding: 0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align:left;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">• <a href="/wiki/Brian_Maienschein" title="Brian Maienschein">Brian Maienschein</a> D-77th District</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">• <a href="/wiki/Chris_Ward_(American_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chris Ward (American politician)">Chris Ward</a> D-78th District</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">• <a href="/wiki/Akilah_Weber" title="Akilah Weber">Akilah Weber</a> D-79th District</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">• <a href="/wiki/David_Alvarez_(politician)" title="David Alvarez (politician)">David Alvarez</a> D-80th District</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/California_State_Senate" title="California State Senate">State Senators</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left; border:none; padding: 0;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0; text-align:left;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">• <a href="/wiki/Brian_Jones_(politician)" title="Brian Jones (politician)">Brian Jones</a> R-38th District</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">• <a href="/wiki/Toni_Atkins" title="Toni Atkins">Toni Atkins</a> D-39th District</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">• <a href="/wiki/Ben_Hueso" title="Ben Hueso">Ben Hueso</a> D-40th District</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2019-7">[7]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">372.42 sq mi (964.56 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">325.88 sq mi (844.02 km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Water</th><td class="infobox-data">46.54 sq mi (120.54 km2) 12.68%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-city_data-8">[8]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cowles_Mountain" title="Cowles Mountain">Cowles Mountain</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,591 ft (485 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lowest elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">0 ft (0 m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (<a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a>)<a href="#cite_note-QuickFacts-9">[9]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,386,932</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Estimate <div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2023)</div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,388,320</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_North_American_cities_by_population" title="List of North American cities by population">20th</a> in North America <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_cities_by_population" title="List of United States cities by population">8th</a> in the United States <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_in_California_by_population" title="List of largest cities in California by population">2nd</a> in California</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">4,255.96/sq mi (1,643.25/km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-urban_area-10">[10]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,070,300 (US: <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_urban_areas" title="List of United States urban areas">15th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">4,550.5/sq mi (1,756.9/km2)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-2020Pop-11">[11]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">3,276,208 (US: <a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_statistical_areas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of metropolitan statistical areas">18th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">San Diegan</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-bea.gov-12">[12]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • San Diego (MSA)</th><td class="infobox-data">$295.6 billion (2022)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9208:00" title="UTC−08:00">UTC−08:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pacific_Time_Zone" title="Pacific Time Zone">PST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9207:00" title="UTC−07:00">UTC−07:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pacific_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Daylight Time">PDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ZIP_Code" title="ZIP Code">ZIP Codes</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">92101–92124, 92126–92132, 92134–92140, 92142–92143, 92145, 92147, 92149–92150, 92152–92155, 92158–92161, 92163, 92165–92179, 92182, 92186–92187, 92191–92193, 92195–92199</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/North_American_Numbering_Plan" title="North American Numbering Plan">Area codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Area_codes_619_and_858" title="Area codes 619 and 858">619/858</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Information_Processing_Standard" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Information Processing Standard">FIPS code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/cedsci/profile?g=1600000US0666000">06-66000</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System">GNIS</a> feature IDs</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/search/names/1661377">1661377</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/search/names/2411782">2411782</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sandiego.gov">www.sandiego.gov</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Historically home to the <a href="/wiki/Kumeyaay" title="Kumeyaay">Kumeyaay</a> people, San Diego has been referred to as the Birthplace of California, as it was the first site visited and settled by Europeans on what is now the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">West Coast of the United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Upon landing in <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Bay" title="San Diego Bay">San Diego Bay</a> in 1542, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Cabrillo" title="Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo">Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo</a> claimed the area for <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, forming the basis for the settlement of <a href="/wiki/Alta_California" title="Alta California">Alta California</a> 200 years later. The <a href="/wiki/Presidio_of_San_Diego" title="Presidio of San Diego">Presidio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mission_San_Diego_de_Alcal%C3%A1" title="Mission San Diego de Alcalá">Mission San Diego de Alcalá</a>, founded in 1769, formed the first European settlement in what is now California. In 1821, San Diego became part of the newly declared <a href="/wiki/First_Mexican_Empire" title="First Mexican Empire">Mexican Empire</a>, which reformed as the <a href="/wiki/First_Mexican_Republic" title="First Mexican Republic">First Mexican Republic</a> two years later. California was conquered by the U.S. in 1848 following the <a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a> and was <a href="/wiki/California_Statehood_Act" title="California Statehood Act">admitted as the 31st state</a> in 1850. The largest sectors of the <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_San_Diego" title="Economy of San Diego">economy of San Diego</a> include military and defense-related activities, tourism, international trade, research, and manufacturing. The city is home to several universities, including <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Diego" title="University of California, San Diego">UC San Diego</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_State_University" title="San Diego State University">San Diego State University</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_San_Diego" title="University of San Diego">University of San Diego</a>. San Diego is the economic center of the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana" title="San Diego–Tijuana">San Diego–Tijuana</a> region, the second-most populous <a href="/wiki/Transborder_agglomeration" title="Transborder agglomeration">transborder metropolitan area</a> in the Western Hemisphere, home to an estimated five million people as of 2022.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> The primary border crossing between San Diego and <a href="/wiki/Tijuana" title="Tijuana">Tijuana</a>, the <a href="/wiki/San_Ysidro_Port_of_Entry" title="San Ysidro Port of Entry">San Ysidro Port of Entry</a>, is the busiest international land border crossing in the world outside of Asia (<a href="/wiki/Border_checkpoint#Busiest_checkpoints_in_the_world" title="Border checkpoint">fourth-busiest</a> overall). <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_International_Airport" title="San Diego International Airport">San Diego International Airport</a> is the busiest single-runway airport in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Name">1 Name</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Etymology">1.1 Etymology</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Kumeyaay_Toponymy">1.2 Kumeyaay Toponymy</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#History">2 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Pre-colonial_period">2.1 Pre-colonial period</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Spanish_period">2.2 Spanish period</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Mexican_period">2.3 Mexican period</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="#American_period">2.4 American period</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Geography">3 Geography</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Climate">3.1 Climate</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Ecology">3.2 Ecology</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="#Neighborhoods">3.3 Neighborhoods</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Cityscape">3.4 Cityscape</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Demographics">4 Demographics</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15"><a href="#2020">4.1 2020</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="#2010">4.2 2010</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Religion">4.3 Religion</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Foreign-born_population">4.4 Foreign-born population</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="#Economy">5 Economy</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20"><a href="#Top_employers">5.1 Top employers</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Defense_and_military">5.2 Defense and military</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Tourism">5.3 Tourism</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#International_trade">5.4 International trade</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Companies">5.5 Companies</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Real_estate">5.6 Real estate</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-26"><a href="#Government">6 Government</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#Local_government">6.1 Local government</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-28"><a href="#State_and_federal_representation">6.2 State and federal representation</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="#Scandals">6.3 Scandals</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="#Crime">6.4 Crime</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-31"><a href="#Education">7 Education</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="#Primary_and_secondary_schools">7.1 Primary and secondary schools</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33"><a href="#Colleges_and_universities">7.2 Colleges and universities</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-34"><a href="#Libraries">7.3 Libraries</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-35"><a href="#Culture">8 Culture</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-36"><a href="#Sports">9 Sports</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-37"><a href="#Media">10 Media</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-38"><a href="#Infrastructure">11 Infrastructure</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39"><a href="#Transportation">11.1 Transportation</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-40"><a href="#Utilities">11.2 Utilities</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-41"><a href="#Street_lights">11.2.1 Street lights</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-42"><a href="#Notable_people">12 Notable people</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-43"><a href="#Sister_cities">13 Sister cities</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-44"><a href="#See_also">14 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-45"><a href="#Notes">15 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-46"><a href="#References">16 References</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-47"><a href="#General_sources">16.1 General sources</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-48"><a href="#External_links">17 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology">Etymology</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Etymology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> San Diego's name can be traced back to the 16th century when Spanish explorer <a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A1n_Vizca%C3%ADno" title="Sebastián Vizcaíno">Sebastián Vizcaíno</a> bestowed it upon the area in 1602. He named the bay and the surrounding area "San Diego de Alcalá" in honor of <a href="/wiki/Didacus_of_Alcal%C3%A1" title="Didacus of Alcalá">Saint Didacus of Alcalá</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:4-19">[19]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kumeyaay_Toponymy">Kumeyaay Toponymy</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Kumeyaay Toponymy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Prior to the Spanish establishment of San Diego, the <a href="/wiki/Kumeyaay" title="Kumeyaay">Kumeyaay</a> town was called <a href="/wiki/Kosa%27aay" title="Kosa'aay">Kosa'aay</a>, meaning "drying out place" in the <a href="/wiki/Kumeyaay_language" title="Kumeyaay language">Kumeyaay language</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:1-20">[20]</a> After the establishment of San Diego, the Kumeyaay called town and city Tepacul Watai, meaning "Stacked Big".<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> <a href="/wiki/Luise%C3%B1o_language" title="Luiseño language">Luiseño</a> speakers in the <a href="/wiki/North_County_(San_Diego_area)" title="North County (San Diego area)">North County region</a> called it Pushuyi.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_San_Diego" title="History of San Diego">History of San Diego</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_San_Diego" title="Timeline of San Diego">Timeline of San Diego</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-colonial_period">Pre-colonial period</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Pre-colonial period" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kumeyaay_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Full length portrait of a man in his thirties wearing a long robe, woman and child visible behind him and dog to his left" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Kumeyaay_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Kumeyaay_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="189" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2186" data-file-height="2429"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 189px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Kumeyaay_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Kumeyaay_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-alt="Full length portrait of a man in his thirties wearing a long robe, woman and child visible behind him and dog to his left" data-width="170" data-height="189" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Kumeyaay_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Kumeyaay_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Kumeyaay_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Kumeyaay_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Kumeyaay_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kumeyaay people">Kumeyaay</a>, referred to by the Spanish as Diegueños, have inhabited the area for thousands of years.</figcaption></figure> What has been referred to as the <a href="/wiki/San_Dieguito_complex" title="San Dieguito complex">San Dieguito complex</a> was established in the area at least 9,000 years ago.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Kumeyaay" title="Kumeyaay">Kumeyaay</a> may have culturally evolved from this complex or migrated into the area around 1000 C.E.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Archaeologist <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Jennings_Rogers" title="Malcolm Jennings Rogers">Malcolm Rogers</a> hypothesized that the early cultures of San Diego were separate from the Kumeyaay, yet this claim is disputed, with others noting that it does not account for <a href="/wiki/Sociocultural_evolution" title="Sociocultural evolution">cultural evolution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:3-25">[25]</a> Rogers later reevaluated his claims, yet they were influential in shaping historical tellings of early San Diego history.<a href="#cite_note-:3-25">[25]</a> The Kumeyaay established villages scattered across the region, including the village of <a href="/wiki/Kosa%27aay" title="Kosa'aay">Kosa'aay</a> which was the Kumeyaay village that the future settlement of San Diego would stem from in today's <a href="/wiki/Old_Town,_San_Diego" title="Old Town, San Diego">Old Town</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:1-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-26">[26]</a> The village of Kosa'aay was made up of thirty to forty families living in pyramid-shaped housing structures and was supported by a freshwater spring from the hillsides.<a href="#cite_note-:1-20">[20]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spanish_period">Spanish period</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Spanish period" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_landing_of_Cabrillo_on_California_(detail_from_mural_by_Daniel_Sayre_Groesbeck_at_the_Santa_Barbara_County_Courthouse).tif" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/The_landing_of_Cabrillo_on_California_%28detail_from_mural_by_Daniel_Sayre_Groesbeck_at_the_Santa_Barbara_County_Courthouse%29.tif/lossy-page1-220px-The_landing_of_Cabrillo_on_California_%28detail_from_mural_by_Daniel_Sayre_Groesbeck_at_the_Santa_Barbara_County_Courthouse%29.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3443" data-file-height="2696"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 172px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/The_landing_of_Cabrillo_on_California_%28detail_from_mural_by_Daniel_Sayre_Groesbeck_at_the_Santa_Barbara_County_Courthouse%29.tif/lossy-page1-220px-The_landing_of_Cabrillo_on_California_%28detail_from_mural_by_Daniel_Sayre_Groesbeck_at_the_Santa_Barbara_County_Courthouse%29.tif.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="172" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/The_landing_of_Cabrillo_on_California_%28detail_from_mural_by_Daniel_Sayre_Groesbeck_at_the_Santa_Barbara_County_Courthouse%29.tif/lossy-page1-330px-The_landing_of_Cabrillo_on_California_%28detail_from_mural_by_Daniel_Sayre_Groesbeck_at_the_Santa_Barbara_County_Courthouse%29.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/The_landing_of_Cabrillo_on_California_%28detail_from_mural_by_Daniel_Sayre_Groesbeck_at_the_Santa_Barbara_County_Courthouse%29.tif/lossy-page1-440px-The_landing_of_Cabrillo_on_California_%28detail_from_mural_by_Daniel_Sayre_Groesbeck_at_the_Santa_Barbara_County_Courthouse%29.tif.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Portuguese explorer <a href="/wiki/Juan_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Cabrillo" title="Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo">Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo</a> landing in <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Bay" title="San Diego Bay">San Diego Bay</a> in 1542, claiming California for the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a></figcaption></figure> The first European to visit the region was explorer <a href="/wiki/Juan_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Cabrillo" title="Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo">Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo</a>, sailing under the flag of <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Castile" title="Crown of Castile">Castile</a>, but possibly <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">born in Portugal</a>. Sailing his flagship San Salvador from <a href="/wiki/Barra_de_Navidad" title="Barra de Navidad">Navidad</a>, New Spain, Cabrillo claimed the bay for the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a> in 1542, and named the site "San Miguel".<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> In November 1602, <a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A1n_Vizca%C3%ADno" title="Sebastián Vizcaíno">Sebastián Vizcaíno</a> was sent to map the California coast. Arriving on his flagship San Diego, Vizcaíno surveyed the harbor and what are now <a href="/wiki/Mission_Bay,_San_Diego,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Mission Bay, San Diego, California">Mission Bay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Point_Loma" class="mw-redirect" title="Point Loma">Point Loma</a> and named the area for the Catholic <a href="/wiki/Didacus_of_Alcal%C3%A1" title="Didacus of Alcalá">Saint Didacus</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Spaniard" class="mw-redirect" title="Spaniard">Spaniard</a> more commonly known as San Diego de Alcalá. On November 12, 1602, the first Christian religious service of record in <a href="/wiki/Alta_California" title="Alta California">Alta California</a> was conducted by Friar Antonio de la Ascensión, a member of Vizcaíno's expedition, to celebrate the feast day of San Diego.<a href="#cite_note-:4-19">[19]</a> The permanent <a href="/wiki/European_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="European colonization of the Americas">European colonization</a> of both California and San Diego began in 1769 with the arrival of four contingents of Spaniards from New Spain and the <a href="/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California">Baja California</a> peninsula. Two seaborne parties reached San Diego Bay: the San Carlos, under Vicente Vila and including as notable members the engineer and cartographer <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Costans%C3%B3" title="Miguel Costansó">Miguel Costansó</a> and the soldier and future governor <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Fages" title="Pedro Fages">Pedro Fages</a>, and the San Antonio, under <a href="/wiki/Juan_Jos%C3%A9_P%C3%A9rez_Hern%C3%A1ndez" title="Juan José Pérez Hernández">Juan Pérez</a>. An initial overland expedition to San Diego from the south was led by the soldier <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Rivera_y_Moncada" title="Fernando Rivera y Moncada">Fernando Rivera</a> and included the <a href="/wiki/Franciscan" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscan">Franciscan</a> missionary, explorer, and chronicler <a href="/wiki/Juan_Cresp%C3%AD" title="Juan Crespí">Juan Crespí</a>, followed by a second party led by the designated governor <a href="/wiki/Gaspar_de_Portol%C3%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaspar de Portolà">Gaspar de Portolà</a> and including the mission president (and now saint) <a href="/wiki/Jun%C3%ADpero_Serra" title="Junípero Serra">Junípero Serra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mission_San_Diego,_c._1820.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Mission_San_Diego%2C_c._1820.jpg/220px-Mission_San_Diego%2C_c._1820.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="730" data-file-height="480"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 145px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Mission_San_Diego%2C_c._1820.jpg/220px-Mission_San_Diego%2C_c._1820.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="145" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Mission_San_Diego%2C_c._1820.jpg/330px-Mission_San_Diego%2C_c._1820.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Mission_San_Diego%2C_c._1820.jpg/440px-Mission_San_Diego%2C_c._1820.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mission_San_Diego_de_Alcal%C3%A1" title="Mission San Diego de Alcalá">Mission San Diego de Alcalá</a> was founded in 1769 by <a href="/wiki/Saint_Jun%C3%ADpero_Serra" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Junípero Serra">Saint Junípero Serra</a>, making it the oldest of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_missions_in_California" title="Spanish missions in California">Spanish missions in California</a>.</figcaption></figure> In May 1769, Portolà established the <a href="/wiki/Presidio_of_San_Diego" title="Presidio of San Diego">Presidio of San Diego</a> on a hill near the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_River" title="San Diego River">San Diego River</a> above the Kumeyaay village of Cosoy,<a href="#cite_note-:1-20">[20]</a> which would later become incorporated into the Spanish settlement,<a href="#cite_note-:2-26">[26]</a> making it the first settlement by Europeans in what is now the state of California. In July of the same year, <a href="/wiki/Mission_San_Diego_de_Alcal%C3%A1" title="Mission San Diego de Alcalá">Mission San Diego de Alcalá</a> was founded by Franciscan friars under Serra.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> The mission became a site for a Kumeyaay revolt in 1775, which forced the mission to relocate six miles (10 km) up the San Diego River.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> By 1797, the mission boasted the largest native population in Alta California, with over 1,400 neophytes living in and around the mission proper.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> Mission San Diego was the southern anchor in Alta California of the historic mission trail <a href="/wiki/El_Camino_Real_(California)" title="El Camino Real (California)">El Camino Real</a>. Both the Presidio and the Mission are <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_San_Diego_County,_California" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in San Diego County, California">National Historic Landmarks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mexican_period">Mexican period</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Mexican period" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Estudillo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Estudillo.jpg/170px-Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Estudillo.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="214" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1273" data-file-height="1600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 214px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Estudillo.jpg/170px-Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Estudillo.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="214" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Estudillo.jpg/255px-Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Estudillo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Estudillo.jpg/340px-Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Estudillo.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Estudillo" title="José María Estudillo">José María Estudillo</a> served as commandant of the <a href="/wiki/Presidio_of_San_Diego" title="Presidio of San Diego">Presidio of San Diego</a> and founded the <a href="/wiki/Estudillo_family_of_California" title="Estudillo family of California">Estudillo family</a>, a powerful clan of <a href="/wiki/Californio" class="mw-redirect" title="Californio">Californios</a>.</figcaption></figure> In 1821, Mexico <a href="/wiki/Mexican_War_of_Independence" title="Mexican War of Independence">won its independence from Spain</a>, and San Diego became part of the Mexican territory of <a href="/wiki/Alta_California" title="Alta California">Alta California</a>. In 1822, Mexico began its attempt to extend its authority over the coastal territory of Alta California. The fort on Presidio Hill was gradually abandoned, while the town of San Diego grew up on the level land below Presidio Hill. The Mission was <a href="/wiki/Mexican_secularization_act_of_1833" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican secularization act of 1833">secularized by the Mexican government in 1834</a>, and most of the Mission lands were granted to former soldiers. The 432 <a href="/wiki/Vecino" title="Vecino">residents</a> of the town petitioned the governor to form a <a href="/wiki/Cabildo_(council)" title="Cabildo (council)">pueblo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Juan_Mar%C3%ADa_Osuna" title="Juan María Osuna">Juan María Osuna</a> was elected the first <a href="/wiki/Alcalde" title="Alcalde">alcalde</a> ("municipal magistrate"), defeating <a href="/wiki/P%C3%ADo_Pico" title="Pío Pico">Pío Pico</a> in the vote. Beyond the town, Mexican <a href="/wiki/Land_grant" title="Land grant">land grants</a> expanded the number of <a href="/wiki/Ranchos_of_California" title="Ranchos of California">California ranchos</a> that modestly added to the local economy. (See, <a href="/wiki/List_of_pre-statehood_mayors_of_San_Diego" title="List of pre-statehood mayors of San Diego">List of pre-statehood mayors of San Diego</a>.) However, San Diego had been losing population throughout the 1830s, due to increasing tension between the settlers and the indigenous <a href="/wiki/Kumeyaay" title="Kumeyaay">Kumeyaay</a> and in 1838 the town lost its pueblo status because its size dropped to an estimated 100 to 150 residents.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Ranchos_of_California" title="Ranchos of California">ranchos</a> in the San Diego region would face Kumeyaay raids in the late 1830s and the town itself would face raids in the 1840s.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Americans gained an increased awareness of California, and its commercial possibilities, from the writings of two countrymen involved in the often officially forbidden, to foreigners, but economically significant hide and tallow trade, where San Diego was a major port and the only one with an adequate harbor: <a href="/wiki/William_Shaler" title="William Shaler">William Shaler</a>'s "Journal of a Voyage Between China and the North-Western Coast of America, Made in 1804" and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Henry_Dana_Jr." title="Richard Henry Dana Jr.">Richard Henry Dana</a>'s more substantial and convincing account, of his 1834–36 voyage, the classic <a href="/wiki/Two_Years_Before_the_Mast" title="Two Years Before the Mast">Two Years Before the Mast</a>.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Casa_de_Estudillo_courtyard_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Casa_de_Estudillo_courtyard_04.jpg/220px-Casa_de_Estudillo_courtyard_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Casa_de_Estudillo_courtyard_04.jpg/220px-Casa_de_Estudillo_courtyard_04.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Casa_de_Estudillo_courtyard_04.jpg/330px-Casa_de_Estudillo_courtyard_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Casa_de_Estudillo_courtyard_04.jpg/440px-Casa_de_Estudillo_courtyard_04.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Casa_de_Estudillo" title="Casa de Estudillo">Casa de Estudillo</a>, built 1827, is one of San Diego's oldest buildings and served as inspiration for <a href="/wiki/Helen_Hunt_Jackson" title="Helen Hunt Jackson">Helen Hunt Jackson</a>'s 1884 novel <a href="/wiki/Ramona" title="Ramona">Ramona</a>.</figcaption></figure> In 1846, the United States went to war against Mexico and sent a naval and land <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_California" title="Conquest of California">expedition to conquer Alta California</a>. At first, they had an easy time of it, capturing the major ports including San Diego, but the Californios in southern Alta California struck back. Following the successful revolt in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, the American garrison at San Diego was driven out without firing a shot in early October 1846. Mexican partisans held San Diego for three weeks until October 24, 1846, when the Americans recaptured it. For the next several months the Americans were blockaded inside the pueblo. Skirmishes occurred daily and snipers shot into the town every night. The Californios drove cattle away from the pueblo hoping to starve the Americans and their Californio supporters out. On December 1, the American garrison learned that the dragoons of General <a href="/wiki/Stephen_W._Kearney" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephen W. Kearney">Stephen W. Kearney</a> were at <a href="/wiki/Warner%27s_Ranch" title="Warner's Ranch">Warner's Ranch</a>. Commodore <a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Stockton" title="Robert F. Stockton">Robert F. Stockton</a> sent a mounted force of fifty under Captain <a href="/wiki/Archibald_Gillespie" class="mw-redirect" title="Archibald Gillespie">Archibald Gillespie</a> to march north to meet him. Their joint command of 150 men, returning to San Diego, encountered about 93 Californios under <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Pico" title="Andrés Pico">Andrés Pico</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_San_Pasqual_by_William_H_Meyers_c1846.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Battle_of_San_Pasqual_by_William_H_Meyers_c1846.jpg/220px-Battle_of_San_Pasqual_by_William_H_Meyers_c1846.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2411"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 133px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Battle_of_San_Pasqual_by_William_H_Meyers_c1846.jpg/220px-Battle_of_San_Pasqual_by_William_H_Meyers_c1846.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="133" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Battle_of_San_Pasqual_by_William_H_Meyers_c1846.jpg/330px-Battle_of_San_Pasqual_by_William_H_Meyers_c1846.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Battle_of_San_Pasqual_by_William_H_Meyers_c1846.jpg/440px-Battle_of_San_Pasqual_by_William_H_Meyers_c1846.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The 1846 <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Pasqual" title="Battle of San Pasqual">Battle of San Pasqual</a> was a decisive battle between American and <a href="/wiki/Californio" class="mw-redirect" title="Californio">Californio</a> forces.</figcaption></figure> In the ensuing <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_San_Pasqual" title="Battle of San Pasqual">Battle of San Pasqual</a>, fought in the <a href="/wiki/San_Pasqual_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="San Pasqual Valley">San Pasqual Valley</a> which is now part of the city of San Diego, the Americans suffered their worst losses in the campaign. Subsequently, a column led by Lieutenant Gray arrived from San Diego, rescuing Kearny's battered and blockaded command.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> Stockton and Kearny went on to recover Los Angeles and force the capitulation of Alta California with the "<a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Cahuenga" title="Treaty of Cahuenga">Treaty of Cahuenga</a>" on January 13, 1847. As a result of the <a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a> of 1846–48, the territory of Alta California, including San Diego, was ceded to the United States by Mexico, under the terms of the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Guadalupe_Hidalgo" title="Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo">Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo</a> in 1848. The Mexican negotiators of that treaty tried to retain San Diego as part of Mexico, but the Americans insisted that San Diego was "for every commercial purpose of nearly equal importance to us with that of San Francisco", and the Mexican–American border was eventually established to be one league south of the southernmost point of <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Bay" title="San Diego Bay">San Diego Bay</a>, so as to include the entire bay within the United States.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_period">American period</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: American period" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Diego_California_Looking_East_Across_the_Bay_by_Alfred_Mathews_1873.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/San_Diego_California_Looking_East_Across_the_Bay_by_Alfred_Mathews_1873.jpg/220px-San_Diego_California_Looking_East_Across_the_Bay_by_Alfred_Mathews_1873.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2240" data-file-height="1488"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/San_Diego_California_Looking_East_Across_the_Bay_by_Alfred_Mathews_1873.jpg/220px-San_Diego_California_Looking_East_Across_the_Bay_by_Alfred_Mathews_1873.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/San_Diego_California_Looking_East_Across_the_Bay_by_Alfred_Mathews_1873.jpg/330px-San_Diego_California_Looking_East_Across_the_Bay_by_Alfred_Mathews_1873.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/San_Diego_California_Looking_East_Across_the_Bay_by_Alfred_Mathews_1873.jpg/440px-San_Diego_California_Looking_East_Across_the_Bay_by_Alfred_Mathews_1873.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>View of <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Bay" title="San Diego Bay">San Diego Bay</a> in 1873 following the <a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_California" title="Conquest of California">U.S. conquest of California</a></figcaption></figure> The state of California was admitted to the United States in 1850. That same year San Diego was designated the seat of the newly established County of San Diego and was incorporated as a city. <a href="/wiki/Joshua_H._Bean" class="mw-redirect" title="Joshua H. Bean">Joshua H. Bean</a>, the last alcalde of San Diego, was elected the first mayor. Two years later the city was bankrupt;<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> the California legislature revoked the city's charter and placed it under control of a board of trustees, where it remained until 1889. A city charter was reestablished in 1889, and today's city charter was adopted in 1931.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> The original town of San Diego was located at the foot of Presidio Hill, in the area which is now <a href="/wiki/Old_Town_San_Diego_State_Historic_Park" title="Old Town San Diego State Historic Park">Old Town San Diego State Historic Park</a>. The location was not ideal, being several miles away from navigable water at its port at <a href="/wiki/La_Playa,_San_Diego" title="La Playa, San Diego">La Playa</a>. In 1850, <a href="/wiki/William_Heath_Davis" title="William Heath Davis">William Heath Davis</a> promoted a new development by the bay shore called "New San Diego", several miles south of the original settlement; however, for several decades the new development consisted only of a pier, a few houses and an <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Barracks" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego Barracks">Army depot</a> for the support of <a href="/wiki/Fort_Yuma" title="Fort Yuma">Fort Yuma</a>. After 1854, the fort became supplied by sea and by <a href="/wiki/Steamboats_of_the_Colorado_River" title="Steamboats of the Colorado River">steamboats on the Colorado River</a> and the depot fell into disuse. From 1857 to 1860, San Diego became the western terminus of the <a href="/wiki/San_Antonio-San_Diego_Mail_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="San Antonio-San Diego Mail Line">San Antonio-San Diego Mail Line</a>, the earliest overland <a href="/wiki/Stagecoach" title="Stagecoach">stagecoach</a> and mail operation from the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_United_States" title="Eastern United States">Eastern United States</a> to California, coming from <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> through <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_Territory" title="New Mexico Territory">New Mexico Territory</a> in less than 30 days.<a href="#cite_note-Pierce-42">[42]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_the_US_Grant_with_the_main_fountain_at_the_entrance_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Oval, black and white shoulder-height portrait of a man in his forties or fifties, slightly balding wearing a suit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/View_of_the_US_Grant_with_the_main_fountain_at_the_entrance_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-View_of_the_US_Grant_with_the_main_fountain_at_the_entrance_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="234" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2501" data-file-height="2656"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 234px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/View_of_the_US_Grant_with_the_main_fountain_at_the_entrance_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-View_of_the_US_Grant_with_the_main_fountain_at_the_entrance_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-alt="Oval, black and white shoulder-height portrait of a man in his forties or fifties, slightly balding wearing a suit" data-width="220" data-height="234" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/View_of_the_US_Grant_with_the_main_fountain_at_the_entrance_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-View_of_the_US_Grant_with_the_main_fountain_at_the_entrance_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/View_of_the_US_Grant_with_the_main_fountain_at_the_entrance_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-View_of_the_US_Grant_with_the_main_fountain_at_the_entrance_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Horton_Plaza_and_Broadway_Fountain" class="mw-redirect" title="Horton Plaza and Broadway Fountain">Horton Plaza</a> honors <a href="/wiki/Alonzo_Horton" title="Alonzo Horton">Alonzo Horton</a>, who helped develop <a href="/wiki/Downtown_San_Diego" title="Downtown San Diego">Downtown</a>.</figcaption></figure> In the late 1860s, <a href="/wiki/Alonzo_Horton" title="Alonzo Horton">Alonzo Horton</a> promoted a move to the bayside area, which he called "New Town" and which became <a href="/wiki/Downtown_San_Diego" title="Downtown San Diego">downtown San Diego</a>. Horton promoted the area heavily, and people and businesses began to relocate to New Town because its location on <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Bay" title="San Diego Bay">San Diego Bay</a> was convenient to shipping. New Town soon eclipsed the original settlement, known to this day as <a href="/wiki/Old_Town,_San_Diego,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Town, San Diego, California">Old Town</a>, and became the economic and governmental heart of the city.<a href="#cite_note-Cornerstone-43">[43]</a> Still, San Diego remained a relative backwater town until the arrival of a railroad connection in 1878. In 1884–1886, <a href="/wiki/John_J._Montgomery" class="mw-redirect" title="John J. Montgomery">John J. Montgomery</a> made the first controlled flights by an American in a heavier-than-air unpowered glider just south of San Diego at Otay Mesa, helping to pioneer a new science of aerodynamics. In 1912, San Diego was the site of a <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_free_speech_fight" title="San Diego free speech fight">free speech fight</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Workers_of_the_World" title="Industrial Workers of the World">Industrial Workers of the World</a> and the city government who passed an ordinance forbidding the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">freedom of speech</a> along an area of "Soapbox Row" that led to civil disobedience, <a href="/wiki/Vigilantism" title="Vigilantism">vigilantism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Police_violence" class="mw-redirect" title="Police violence">police violence</a>, the abduction of <a href="/wiki/Emma_Goldman" title="Emma Goldman">Emma Goldman</a>'s husband <a href="/wiki/Ben_Reitman" title="Ben Reitman">Ben Reitman</a> and <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_free_speech_fight" title="San Diego free speech fight">multiple riots</a>.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> San Diego's proximity to Tijuana during the <a href="/wiki/Mexican_Revolution" title="Mexican Revolution">Mexican Revolution</a> made this one of the most significant <a href="/wiki/Free_speech_fights" title="Free speech fights">free speech fights</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Wobbly" class="mw-redirect" title="Wobbly">Wobbly</a> era.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> In 1916, the neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Stingaree,_San_Diego" title="Stingaree, San Diego">Stingaree</a>, the original home of San Diego's first <a href="/wiki/Chinatown" title="Chinatown">Chinatown</a> and "Soapbox Row", was demolished by anti-<a href="/wiki/Vice" title="Vice">vice</a> campaigners to make way for the <a href="/wiki/Gaslamp_Quarter,_San_Diego" title="Gaslamp Quarter, San Diego">Gaslamp Quarter</a>.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guide_Book_of_the_Panama_California_Exposition_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="Hand drawn illustration of Balboa Park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Guide_Book_of_the_Panama_California_Exposition_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Guide_Book_of_the_Panama_California_Exposition_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="231" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2681" data-file-height="2815"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 231px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Guide_Book_of_the_Panama_California_Exposition_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Guide_Book_of_the_Panama_California_Exposition_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-alt="Hand drawn illustration of Balboa Park" data-width="220" data-height="231" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Guide_Book_of_the_Panama_California_Exposition_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Guide_Book_of_the_Panama_California_Exposition_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Guide_Book_of_the_Panama_California_Exposition_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Guide_Book_of_the_Panama_California_Exposition_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Balboa_Park_(San_Diego)" title="Balboa Park (San Diego)">Balboa Park</a> was built for the <a href="/wiki/Panama%E2%80%93California_Exposition" title="Panama–California Exposition">Panama-California Exposition of 1915</a>.</figcaption></figure> In the early part of the 20th century, San Diego hosted the <a href="/wiki/World%27s_Fair" class="mw-redirect" title="World's Fair">World's Fair</a> twice: the <a href="/wiki/Panama%E2%80%93California_Exposition" title="Panama–California Exposition">Panama–California Exposition</a> in 1915 and the <a href="/wiki/California_Pacific_International_Exposition" title="California Pacific International Exposition">California Pacific International Exposition</a> in 1935. Both expositions were held in <a href="/wiki/Balboa_Park_(San_Diego)" title="Balboa Park (San Diego)">Balboa Park</a>, and many of the Spanish/Baroque-style buildings that were built for those expositions remain to this day as central features of the park. The buildings were intended to be temporary structures, but most remained in continuous use until they progressively fell into disrepair. Most were eventually rebuilt, using castings of the original façades to retain the architectural style.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> The menagerie of exotic animals featured at the 1915 exposition provided the basis for the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Zoo" title="San Diego Zoo">San Diego Zoo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> During the 1950s there was a citywide festival called <a href="/wiki/Fiesta_del_Pacifico" title="Fiesta del Pacifico">Fiesta del Pacifico</a> highlighting the area's Spanish and Mexican past.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> In the 2010s there was a proposal for a large-scale celebration of the 100th anniversary of Balboa Park, but the plans were abandoned when the organization tasked with putting on the celebration went out of business.<a href="#cite_note-Tony-51">[51]</a> The southern portion of the <a href="/wiki/Point_Loma,_San_Diego" title="Point Loma, San Diego">Point Loma</a> peninsula was set aside for military purposes as early as 1852. Over the next several decades the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">Army</a> set up a series of coastal artillery batteries and named the area <a href="/wiki/Fort_Rosecrans" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Rosecrans">Fort Rosecrans</a>.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Significant U.S. Navy presence began in 1901 with the establishment of the Navy Coaling Station in Point Loma, and expanded greatly during the 1920s.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> By 1930, the city was host to <a href="/wiki/Naval_Base_San_Diego" title="Naval Base San Diego">Naval Base San Diego</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naval_Training_Center_San_Diego" title="Naval Training Center San Diego">Naval Training Center San Diego</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Naval_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego Naval Hospital">San Diego Naval Hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camp_Matthews" class="mw-redirect" title="Camp Matthews">Camp Matthews</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Camp_Kearny" title="Camp Kearny">Camp Kearny</a> (now <a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Air_Station_Miramar" title="Marine Corps Air Station Miramar">Marine Corps Air Station Miramar</a>). The city was also an early center for aviation: as early as World War I, San Diego was proclaiming itself "The Air Capital of the West".<a href="#cite_note-Shepherd-54">[54]</a> The city was home to important airplane developers and manufacturers like Ryan Airlines (later <a href="/wiki/Ryan_Aeronautical" title="Ryan Aeronautical">Ryan Aeronautical</a>), founded in 1925, and <a href="/wiki/Consolidated_Aircraft" title="Consolidated Aircraft">Consolidated Aircraft</a> (later <a href="/wiki/Convair" title="Convair">Convair</a>), founded in 1923.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Lindbergh" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles A. Lindbergh">Charles A. Lindbergh</a>'s plane, the <a href="/wiki/Spirit_of_St._Louis" title="Spirit of St. Louis">Spirit of St. Louis</a>, was built in San Diego in 1927 by Ryan Airlines.<a href="#cite_note-Shepherd-54">[54]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Corner_of_San_Diego%27s_Fifth_Street_and_F_Street,_looking_north,_ca.1903_(CHS-9776).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Corner_of_San_Diego%27s_Fifth_Street_and_F_Street%2C_looking_north%2C_ca.1903_%28CHS-9776%29.jpg/220px-Corner_of_San_Diego%27s_Fifth_Street_and_F_Street%2C_looking_north%2C_ca.1903_%28CHS-9776%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4806" data-file-height="3640"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 167px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Corner_of_San_Diego%27s_Fifth_Street_and_F_Street%2C_looking_north%2C_ca.1903_%28CHS-9776%29.jpg/220px-Corner_of_San_Diego%27s_Fifth_Street_and_F_Street%2C_looking_north%2C_ca.1903_%28CHS-9776%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="167" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Corner_of_San_Diego%27s_Fifth_Street_and_F_Street%2C_looking_north%2C_ca.1903_%28CHS-9776%29.jpg/330px-Corner_of_San_Diego%27s_Fifth_Street_and_F_Street%2C_looking_north%2C_ca.1903_%28CHS-9776%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Corner_of_San_Diego%27s_Fifth_Street_and_F_Street%2C_looking_north%2C_ca.1903_%28CHS-9776%29.jpg/440px-Corner_of_San_Diego%27s_Fifth_Street_and_F_Street%2C_looking_north%2C_ca.1903_%28CHS-9776%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Downtown_San_Diego" title="Downtown San Diego">Downtown San Diego</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1903</figcaption></figure> During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, San Diego became a major hub of military and defense activity, due to the presence of so many military installations and defense manufacturers. The city's population grew rapidly during and after World War II, more than doubling between 1930 (147,995) and 1950 (333,865).<a href="#cite_note-RM_54-56">[56]</a> During the final months of the war, the Japanese had a plan to target multiple U.S. cities for <a href="/wiki/Biological_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Biological attack">biological attack</a>, starting with San Diego. The plan was called "<a href="/wiki/Operation_Cherry_Blossoms_at_Night" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Cherry Blossoms at Night">Operation Cherry Blossoms at Night</a>" and called for <a href="/wiki/Kamikaze" title="Kamikaze">kamikaze</a> planes filled with fleas infected with plague (<a href="/wiki/Yersinia_pestis" title="Yersinia pestis">Yersinia pestis</a>) to crash into civilian population centers in the city, hoping to spread plague in the city and effectively kill tens of thousands of civilians. The plan was scheduled to launch on September 22, 1945, but was not carried out because <a href="/wiki/Japanese_surrender" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese surrender">Japan surrendered</a> five weeks earlier.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> After World War II, the military continued to play a major role in the local economy, but post-<a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> cutbacks took a heavy toll on the local defense and aerospace industries. The resulting downturn led San Diego leaders to seek to diversify the city's economy by focusing on research and science, as well as tourism.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sdmarina.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Sdmarina.JPG/220px-Sdmarina.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Sdmarina.JPG/220px-Sdmarina.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Sdmarina.JPG/330px-Sdmarina.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Sdmarina.JPG/440px-Sdmarina.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Starting in the 1980s, many areas of Downtown, such as the <a href="/wiki/Marina,_San_Diego" title="Marina, San Diego">Marina District</a>, underwent <a href="/wiki/Urban_renewal" title="Urban renewal">redevelopment</a>.</figcaption></figure> From the start of the 20th century through the 1970s, the American <a href="/wiki/Tuna" title="Tuna">tuna</a> fishing fleet and tuna canning industry were based in San Diego, "the tuna capital of the world".<a href="#cite_note-gala-61">[61]</a> San Diego's first tuna cannery was founded in 1911, and by the mid-1930s the canneries employed more than 1,000 people. A large fishing fleet supported the canneries, mostly staffed by immigrant fishermen from <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, and later from the <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous regions of Portugal">Portuguese</a> <a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a> and <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> whose influence is still felt in neighborhoods like <a href="/wiki/Little_Italy,_San_Diego" title="Little Italy, San Diego">Little Italy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Point_Loma,_San_Diego" title="Point Loma, San Diego">Point Loma</a>.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> Due to rising costs and foreign competition, the last of the canneries closed in the early 1980s.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> Downtown San Diego was in decline in the 1960s and 1970s, but experienced some urban renewal since the early 1980s, including the opening of <a href="/wiki/Westfield_Horton_Plaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Westfield Horton Plaza">Horton Plaza</a>, the revival of the Gaslamp Quarter, and the construction of the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Convention_Center" title="San Diego Convention Center">San Diego Convention Center</a>; <a href="/wiki/Petco_Park" title="Petco Park">Petco Park</a> opened in 2004.<a href="#cite_note-Erie-65">[65]</a> Outside of downtown, San Diego annexed large swaths of land and for suburban expansion to the north and control of the <a href="/wiki/San_Ysidro_Port_of_Entry" title="San Ysidro Port of Entry">San Ysidro Port of Entry</a>. As the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> ended, the military shrank and so did defense spending. San Diego has since become a center of the emerging biotech industry and is home to telecommunications giant <a href="/wiki/Qualcomm" title="Qualcomm">Qualcomm</a>. San Diego had also grown in the tourism industry with the popularity of attractions such as the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Zoo" title="San Diego Zoo">San Diego Zoo</a>, <a href="/wiki/SeaWorld_San_Diego" title="SeaWorld San Diego">SeaWorld San Diego</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Legoland_California" title="Legoland California">Legoland California</a> in <a href="/wiki/Carlsbad,_California" title="Carlsbad, California">Carlsbad</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Geography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_San_Diego,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="List of beaches in San Diego, California">List of beaches in San Diego, California</a> and <a href="/wiki/Parks_in_San_Diego" class="mw-redirect" title="Parks in San Diego">Parks in San Diego</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Diego_with_Tijuana_by_Sentinel-2,_2020-03-09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/San_Diego_with_Tijuana_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2020-03-09.jpg/170px-San_Diego_with_Tijuana_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2020-03-09.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="246" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6052" data-file-height="8755"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 246px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/San_Diego_with_Tijuana_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2020-03-09.jpg/170px-San_Diego_with_Tijuana_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2020-03-09.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="246" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/San_Diego_with_Tijuana_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2020-03-09.jpg/255px-San_Diego_with_Tijuana_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2020-03-09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/San_Diego_with_Tijuana_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2020-03-09.jpg/340px-San_Diego_with_Tijuana_by_Sentinel-2%2C_2020-03-09.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Satellite view of the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego-Tijuana" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego-Tijuana">San Diego-Tijuana</a> area, a <a href="/wiki/Transborder_agglomeration" title="Transborder agglomeration">transborder agglomeration</a> straddling the <a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Mexico–United States border">Mexico–United States border</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Californias" title="The Californias">the Californias</a></figcaption></figure> According to SDSU professor emeritus Monte Marshall, <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Bay" title="San Diego Bay">San Diego Bay</a> is "the surface expression of a north-south-trending, nested <a href="/wiki/Graben" title="Graben">graben</a>". The <a href="/wiki/Rose_Canyon_Fault" title="Rose Canyon Fault">Rose Canyon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Point_Loma_Formation" title="Point Loma Formation">Point Loma</a> <a href="/wiki/Fault_(geology)" title="Fault (geology)">fault zones</a> are part of the <a href="/wiki/San_Andreas_Fault" title="San Andreas Fault">San Andreas Fault</a> system. About 40 miles (64 km) east of the bay are the <a href="/wiki/Laguna_Mountains" title="Laguna Mountains">Laguna Mountains</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Ranges" title="Peninsular Ranges">Peninsular Ranges</a>, which are part of the <a href="/wiki/American_Cordillera" title="American Cordillera">American Cordillera</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Marshall-66">[66]</a> The city lies on approximately 200 deep canyons and hills separating its <a href="/wiki/Mesa" title="Mesa">mesas</a>, creating small pockets of natural open space scattered throughout the city and giving it a hilly geography.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Traditionally, San Diegans have built their homes and businesses on the mesas, while leaving the urban canyons relatively wild.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> Thus, the canyons give parts of the city a segmented feel, creating gaps between otherwise proximate neighborhoods and contributing to a low-density, car-centered environment. The <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_River" title="San Diego River">San Diego River</a> runs through the middle of San Diego from east to west, creating a river valley that serves to divide the city into northern and southern segments. During the historic period and presumably earlier as well, the river has shifted its flow back and forth between San Diego Bay and Mission Bay, and its <a href="/wiki/Fresh_water" title="Fresh water">fresh water</a> was the focus of the earliest Spanish explorers. <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Costans%C3%B3" title="Miguel Costansó">Miguel Costansó</a>, a cartographer, wrote in 1769, "When asked by signs where the watering-place was, the Indians pointed to a grove which could be seen at a considerable distance to the northeast, giving to understand that a river or creek flowed through it, and that they would lead our men to it if they would follow."<a href="#cite_note-:0-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> That river was the San Diego River.<a href="#cite_note-:0-69">[69]</a> Several reservoirs and <a href="/wiki/Mission_Trails_Regional_Park" title="Mission Trails Regional Park">Mission Trails Regional Park</a> also lie between and separate developed areas of the city. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Torrey_Pines_cliffs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Torrey_Pines_cliffs.jpg/220px-Torrey_Pines_cliffs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4435" data-file-height="2957"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Torrey_Pines_cliffs.jpg/220px-Torrey_Pines_cliffs.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Torrey_Pines_cliffs.jpg/330px-Torrey_Pines_cliffs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Torrey_Pines_cliffs.jpg/440px-Torrey_Pines_cliffs.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Torrey_Pines_State_Natural_Reserve" title="Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve">Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve</a></figcaption></figure> Notable peaks within the city limits include <a href="/wiki/Cowles_Mountain" title="Cowles Mountain">Cowles Mountain</a>, the highest point in the city at 1,591 feet (485 m);<a href="#cite_note-city_data-8">[8]</a> <a href="/wiki/Black_Mountain_Open_Space_Park" title="Black Mountain Open Space Park">Black Mountain</a> at 1,558 feet (475 m); and <a href="/wiki/Mount_Soledad" title="Mount Soledad">Mount Soledad</a> at 824 feet (251 m). The <a href="/wiki/Cuyamaca_Mountains" title="Cuyamaca Mountains">Cuyamaca Mountains</a> and Laguna Mountains rise to the east of the city, and beyond the mountains are desert areas. The <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_National_Forest" title="Cleveland National Forest">Cleveland National Forest</a> is a half-hour drive from downtown San Diego. Numerous farms are found in the valleys northeast and southeast of the city. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Climate" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_San_Diego" title="Climate of San Diego">Climate of San Diego</a></div> <table class="infobox" style="width: 19.5em; float: left; clear: left; margin-left:0em;margin-right:1em; text-align: center; border: solid 1px silver" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><th> San Diego </th></tr> <tr><th style="font-size: 90%">Climate chart (<a href="/wiki/Template:Climate_chart/How_to_read_a_climate_chart" title="Template:Climate chart/How to read a climate chart">explanation</a>)</th></tr> <tr><td><table class="infobox" style="width: 100%; margin: 0; float: left; clear: left; margin-left:0em;margin-right:1em; text-align: center; border: none; font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">F</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">S</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">O</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">N</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">D</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.00584em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">2</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:10.028888888889em;height:1.7888888888889em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.817777777778em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">66</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.5288888888889em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">50</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.1176em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">2.2</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:10.195555555556em;height:1.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.795555555556em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">66</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.6955555555556em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">52</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.74168em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">1.5</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:10.495555555556em;height:1.3888888888889em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.884444444444em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">67</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.9955555555556em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">55</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.3302em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">0.7</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:10.784444444444em;height:1.3em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.084444444444em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">69</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.2844444444444em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">57</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.14224em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">0.3</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:11.106666666667em;height:1.0555555555556em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.162222222222em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">70</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.6066666666667em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">60</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.0254em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">0.1</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:11.395555555556em;height:1.0111111111111em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.406666666667em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">72</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.8955555555556em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">63</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.04064em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">0.1</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:11.784444444444em;height:1.0222222222222em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.806666666667em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">75</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.284444444444em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">66</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.00508em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">0</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:11.94em;height:1.0888888888889em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.028888888889em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">77</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.44em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">68</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.06096em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">0.1</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:11.795555555556em;height:1.2222222222222em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.017777777778em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">77</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.295555555556em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">66</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.254em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">0.5</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:11.273333333333em;height:1.4555555555556em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.728888888889em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">75</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.7733333333333em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">62</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.40132em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">0.8</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:10.528888888889em;height:1.7666666666667em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.295555555556em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">71</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.0288888888889em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">55</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.84836em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">1.7</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:9.9733333333333em;height:1.8em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.773333333333em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">66</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.4733333333333em; left:0;width:1.5em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">50</div> </div></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em">█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °F</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em">█ Precipitation totals in inches</td></tr><tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em">Source: <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">NOAA</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr> <tr><td> <table class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 100%; margin: 0; float: left; clear: left; margin-left:0em;margin-right:1em; text-align: center; border: none; font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><th colspan="12">Metric conversion</th></tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">F</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">S</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">O</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">N</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">D</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.00584em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">50</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:10.028888888889em;height:1.7888888888889em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.817777777778em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">19</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.5288888888889em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">10</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.1176em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">56</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:10.195555555556em;height:1.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.795555555556em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">19</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.6955555555556em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">11</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.74168em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">37</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:10.495555555556em;height:1.3888888888889em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.884444444444em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">19</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.9955555555556em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">13</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.3302em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">17</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:10.784444444444em;height:1.3em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.084444444444em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">20</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.2844444444444em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">14</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.14224em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">7.1</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:11.106666666667em;height:1.0555555555556em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.162222222222em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">21</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.6066666666667em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">16</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.0254em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">1.3</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:11.395555555556em;height:1.0111111111111em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.406666666667em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">22</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.8955555555556em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">17</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.04064em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">2</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:11.784444444444em;height:1.0222222222222em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.806666666667em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">24</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.284444444444em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">19</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.00508em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">0.3</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:11.94em;height:1.0888888888889em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.028888888889em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">25</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.44em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">20</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.06096em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">3</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:11.795555555556em;height:1.2222222222222em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.017777777778em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">25</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.295555555556em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">19</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.254em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">13</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:11.273333333333em;height:1.4555555555556em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.728888888889em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">24</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.7733333333333em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">16</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.40132em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">20</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:10.528888888889em;height:1.7666666666667em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.295555555556em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">22</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.0288888888889em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">13</div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.84836em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center">42</div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.2em;width:1.2em;bottom:9.9733333333333em;height:1.8em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.773333333333em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">19</div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.4733333333333em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right">10</div> </div></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em">█ Average max. and min. temperatures in °C</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em">█ Precipitation totals in mm</td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> Under the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen%E2%80%93Geiger_climate_classification_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Köppen–Geiger climate classification system">Köppen–Geiger climate classification system</a>, the San Diego area has been variously categorized as having either a <a href="/wiki/Hot_semi-arid_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot semi-arid climate">hot semi-arid climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hot_semi-arid_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot semi-arid climate">BSh</a> in the original classification<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> and BSkn in modified Köppen classification with the n denoting summer fog)<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> or a <a href="/wiki/Hot-summer_Mediterranean_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot-summer Mediterranean climate">hot-summer Mediterranean climate</a><a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> (Csa).<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> San Diego's climate is characterized by warm, dry summers and mild winters, with most of the annual precipitation falling between December and March. The city has a mild climate year-round,<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> with an average of 201 days above 70 °F (21 °C) and low rainfall (9–13 inches [230–330 mm] annually). The climate in San Diego, like most of Southern California, often varies significantly over short geographical distances, resulting in <a href="/wiki/Microclimate" title="Microclimate">microclimates</a>. In San Diego, this is mostly because of the city's topography (the Bay, and the numerous hills, mountains, and canyons). Frequently, particularly during the "May gray/<a href="/wiki/June_Gloom" title="June Gloom">June gloom</a>" period, a thick "<a href="/wiki/Marine_layer" title="Marine layer">marine layer</a>" cloud cover keeps the air cool and damp within a few miles of the coast, but yields to bright cloudless sunshine approximately 5–10 miles (8–16 km) inland.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> Sometimes the June gloom lasts into July, causing cloudy skies over most of San Diego for the entire day.<a href="#cite_note-weather1-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-weather_el_cajon-79">[79]</a> Even in the absence of June gloom, inland areas experience much more significant temperature variations than coastal areas, where the ocean serves as a moderating influence. Thus, for example, downtown San Diego averages January lows of 50 °F (10 °C) and August highs of 78 °F (26 °C). The city of <a href="/wiki/El_Cajon,_California" title="El Cajon, California">El Cajon</a>, just 12 miles (19 km) inland from downtown San Diego, averages January lows of 42 °F (6 °C) and August highs of 88 °F (31 °C). The average surface temperature of the water at Scripps Pier in the <a href="/wiki/California_Current" title="California Current">California Current</a> has increased by almost 3 °F (1.7 °C) since 1950, according to scientists at the <a href="/wiki/Scripps_Institution_of_Oceanography" title="Scripps Institution of Oceanography">Scripps Institution of Oceanography</a>.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> Additionally, the mean minimum is now above 40 °F (4 °C), putting San Diego in <a href="/wiki/Hardiness_zone" title="Hardiness zone">hardiness zone</a> 11, with the last freeze having occurred many decades ago. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SurfPacificBeach.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/SurfPacificBeach.jpg/220px-SurfPacificBeach.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2177" data-file-height="2177"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 220px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/SurfPacificBeach.jpg/220px-SurfPacificBeach.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="220" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/SurfPacificBeach.jpg/330px-SurfPacificBeach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/SurfPacificBeach.jpg/440px-SurfPacificBeach.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Surfers at <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Beach,_San_Diego" title="Pacific Beach, San Diego">Pacific Beach</a></figcaption></figure> Annual rainfall along the coast averages 10.65 inches (271 mm) and the median is 9.6 inches (240 mm).<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> The months of December through March supply most of the rain, with February the only month averaging 2 inches (51 mm) or more. The months of May through September tend to be almost completely dry. Although there are few wet days per month during the rainy period, rainfall can be heavy when it does fall. Rainfall is usually greater in the higher elevations of San Diego; some of the higher areas can receive 11–15 inches (280–380 mm) per year. Variability from year to year can be dramatic: in the wettest years of 1883/1884 and 1940/1941, more than 24 inches (610 mm) fell, whilst in the driest years there was as little as 3.2 inches (80 mm). The wettest month on record is December 1921 with 9.21 inches (234 mm). Snow in the city is rare, having been observed only six times in the century and a half that records have been kept. In 1949 and 1967, snow remained on the ground for a few hours in higher locations like <a href="/wiki/Point_Loma,_San_Diego" title="Point Loma, San Diego">Point Loma</a> and <a href="/wiki/La_Jolla" title="La Jolla">La Jolla</a>. The other three occasions, in 1882, 1946, and 1987, involved flurries but no accumulation.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> On February 21, 2019, snow fell and accumulated in residential areas of the city, but none fell in the downtown area.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output 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dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-collapse navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:San_Diego_weatherbox" title="Template:San Diego weatherbox"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:San_Diego_weatherbox" title="Template talk:San Diego weatherbox"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:San_Diego_weatherbox" title="Special:EditPage/Template:San Diego weatherbox"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div class="navbar-ct-mini">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_International_Airport" title="San Diego International Airport">San Diego Int'l Airport</a> (1991–2020 normals,<a href="#cite_note-84">[a]</a> extremes 1874–present)<a href="#cite_note-86">[b]</a></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88 (31) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91 (33) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">99 (37) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">98 (37) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">98 (37) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">101 (38) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">100 (38) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">98 (37) </td> <td style="background: #DC0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">111 (44) </td> <td style="background: #F80000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">107 (42) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">100 (38) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88 (31) </td> <td style="background: #DC0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">111 (44) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.8 (26.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.6 (25.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.2 (26.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.1 (27.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.3 (26.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.6 (26.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.9 (28.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85.2 (29.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90.6 (32.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.8 (31.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85.4 (29.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.0 (25.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">94.0 (34.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.4 (19.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.2 (19.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.0 (19.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.8 (20.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8E1E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.5 (20.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.7 (22.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.3 (24.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.3 (25.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.2 (25.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.6 (23.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.7 (21.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.0 (18.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">70.9 (21.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFB872; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.4 (14.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.0 (15.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.7 (15.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.9 (17.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.8 (18.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.2 (19.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.7 (21.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.4 (22.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.7 (22.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9327; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.1 (20.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.7 (17.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.9 (14.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">64.7 (18.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.3 (10.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.8 (11.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC790; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.5 (12.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.1 (13.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.0 (15.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.6 (17.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B38; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.1 (18.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF962D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.5 (19.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.2 (19.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.5 (16.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC68D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.8 (12.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.8 (9.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB872; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">58.5 (14.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFF1E3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.7 (6.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.1 (7.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.7 (9.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD1A4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.9 (11.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC387; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.8 (13.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.3 (15.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.0 (17.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.9 (17.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.8 (16.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.5 (13.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.2 (9.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.0 (6.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF5EB; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">42.6 (5.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25 (−4) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34 (1) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36 (2) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39 (4) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45 (7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50 (10) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54 (12) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54 (12) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50 (10) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43 (6) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36 (2) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32 (0) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">25 (−4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> inches (mm) </th> <td style="background: #B4FFB4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.98 (50) </td> <td style="background: #A3FFA3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.20 (56) </td> <td style="background: #C7FFC7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.46 (37) </td> <td style="background: #E4FFE4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.65 (17) </td> <td style="background: #F4FFF4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.28 (7.1) </td> <td style="background: #FCFFFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.05 (1.3) </td> <td style="background: #FCFFFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.08 (2.0) </td> <td style="background: #FEFFFE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.01 (0.25) </td> <td style="background: #FAFFFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.12 (3.0) </td> <td style="background: #EBFFEB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.50 (13) </td> <td style="background: #E0FFE0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.79 (20) </td> <td style="background: #C0FFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.67 (42) </td> <td style="background: #DFFFDF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.79 (249) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) </th> <td style="background: #AEAEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5 </td> <td style="background: #9E9EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1 </td> <td style="background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2 </td> <td style="background: #CECEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.8 </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2 </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7 </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7 </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9 </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.4 </td> <td style="background: #CFCFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7 </td> <td style="background: #B7B7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8 </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">40.3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0D0DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63.1 </td> <td style="background: #0303FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000FC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000EF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000E0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74.1 </td> <td style="background: #0000E7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000F4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69.4 </td> <td style="background: #0101FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66.3 </td> <td style="background: #0B0BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000F6; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">69.0 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Dew_point" title="Dew point">dew point</a> °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">42.8 (6.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.3 (7.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE3C7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.3 (8.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.5 (9.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFCD9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.1 (11.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.0 (13.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.2 (16.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.4 (16.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.6 (15.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.6 (13.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.6 (9.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.2 (6.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">52.2 (11.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">239.3 </td> <td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">227.4 </td> <td style="background: #E5E500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">261.0 </td> <td style="background: #EBEB03; color:#000000;" class="notheme">276.2 </td> <td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">250.5 </td> <td style="background: #E3E300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">242.4 </td> <td style="background: #EFEF0E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">304.7 </td> <td style="background: #EDED08; color:#000000;" class="notheme">295.0 </td> <td style="background: #E5E500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">253.3 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">243.4 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">230.1 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">231.3 </td> <td style="background: #E5E500; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3,054.6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Percent <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">possible sunshine</a> </th> <td style="background: #FFFF99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF94; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF84; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF88; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF53; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF4F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF84; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF88; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF90; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF94; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF80; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">69 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a> (sun, relative humidity, and dew point 1961–1990)<a href="#cite_note-87">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-San_Diego_Weatherbox_NOAA_txt-88">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[87]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on data at said location from 1991 to 2020. </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> Official precipitation records for San Diego were kept at the Weather Bureau Office in downtown from October 1850 to December 1859 at the <a href="/wiki/Mission_San_Diego" class="mw-redirect" title="Mission San Diego">Mission San Diego</a> and from November 1871 to June 1939 and a variety of buildings at downtown, and at San Diego Int'l (Lindbergh Field) since July 1939.<a href="#cite_note-85">[84]</a> Temperature records, however, only date from October 1874. For more information on data coverage, see <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://threadex.rcc-acis.org/">ThreadEx</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecology">Ecology</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Ecology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/California_coastal_sage_and_chaparral" title="California coastal sage and chaparral">California coastal sage and chaparral</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cabrillo_Monument_04.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Cabrillo_Monument_04.JPG/220px-Cabrillo_Monument_04.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Cabrillo_Monument_04.JPG/220px-Cabrillo_Monument_04.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Cabrillo_Monument_04.JPG/330px-Cabrillo_Monument_04.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Cabrillo_Monument_04.JPG/440px-Cabrillo_Monument_04.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>View of <a href="/wiki/Coronado,_California" title="Coronado, California">Coronado</a> from <a href="/wiki/Cabrillo_National_Monument" title="Cabrillo National Monument">Cabrillo National Monument</a></figcaption></figure> Like much of <a href="/wiki/Southern_California" title="Southern California">Southern California</a>, the majority of San Diego's current area was originally occupied on the west by <a href="/wiki/Coastal_sage_scrub" title="Coastal sage scrub">coastal sage scrub</a> and on the east by <a href="/wiki/Chaparral" title="Chaparral">chaparral</a>, plant communities made up mostly of drought-resistant shrubs.<a href="#cite_note-90">[88]</a> The steep and varied topography and proximity to the ocean create a number of different habitats within the city limits, including <a href="/wiki/Tidal_marsh" title="Tidal marsh">tidal marsh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canyons" class="mw-redirect" title="Canyons">canyons</a>. The chaparral and coastal sage scrub habitats in low elevations along the coast are prone to <a href="/wiki/Wildfire" title="Wildfire">wildfire</a>, and the rates of fire increased in the 20th century, due primarily to fires starting near the borders of urban and wild areas.<a href="#cite_note-FireVegetation-91">[89]</a> San Diego's broad city limits encompass a number of large nature preserves, including <a href="/wiki/Torrey_Pines_State_Natural_Reserve" title="Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve">Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Pe%C3%B1asquitos_Canyon_Preserve" title="Los Peñasquitos Canyon Preserve">Los Peñasquitos Canyon Preserve</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mission_Trails_Regional_Park" title="Mission Trails Regional Park">Mission Trails Regional Park</a>. Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve and a coastal strip continuing to the north constitute one of only two locations where the rare species of Torrey Pine, <a href="/wiki/Torrey_pine" title="Torrey pine">Pinus torreyana</a>, is found.<a href="#cite_note-TorreyPine-92">[90]</a> Due to the steep topography that prevents or discourages building, along with some efforts for preservation, there are also a large number of canyons within the city limits that serve as nature preserves, including <a href="/wiki/Switzer_Canyon" title="Switzer Canyon">Switzer Canyon</a>, Tecolote Canyon Natural Park,<a href="#cite_note-TecoloteCanyon-93">[91]</a> and Marian Bear Memorial Park in <a href="/wiki/San_Clemente_Canyon" title="San Clemente Canyon">San Clemente Canyon</a>,<a href="#cite_note-MarianBear-94">[92]</a> as well as a number of small parks and preserves. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cowles_Mtn._from_Lake_Murray_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Cowles_Mtn._from_Lake_Murray_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Cowles_Mtn._from_Lake_Murray_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="94" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1317" data-file-height="565"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 94px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Cowles_Mtn._from_Lake_Murray_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Cowles_Mtn._from_Lake_Murray_-_panoramio.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="94" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Cowles_Mtn._from_Lake_Murray_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-Cowles_Mtn._from_Lake_Murray_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Cowles_Mtn._from_Lake_Murray_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-Cowles_Mtn._from_Lake_Murray_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cowles_Mountain" title="Cowles Mountain">Cowles Mountain</a> from <a href="/wiki/Lake_Murray_(California)" title="Lake Murray (California)">Lake Murray</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_Town,_San_Diego,_CA,_USA_-_panoramio_(11)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Old_Town%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2811%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Old_Town%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2811%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3516" data-file-height="2251"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 141px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Old_Town%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2811%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Old_Town%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2811%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="141" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Old_Town%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2811%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Old_Town%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2811%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Old_Town%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2811%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Old_Town%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2811%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Serra Museum at <a href="/wiki/Presidio_Park" title="Presidio Park">Presidio Park</a></figcaption></figure> San Diego County has one of the highest counts of animal and plant species that appear on the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Fish_and_Wildlife_Service_list_of_endangered_species" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Fish and Wildlife Service list of endangered species">endangered list</a> of counties in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-legacy.utsandiego.com-95">[93]</a> Because of its diversity of habitat and its position on the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Flyway" title="Pacific Flyway">Pacific Flyway</a>, San Diego County has recorded 492 different bird species, more than any other region in the country.<a href="#cite_note-96">[94]</a> San Diego always scores high in the number of bird species observed in the annual <a href="/wiki/Christmas_Bird_Count" title="Christmas Bird Count">Christmas Bird Count</a>, sponsored by the <a href="/wiki/Audubon_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Audubon Society">Audubon Society</a>, and it is known as one of the "birdiest" areas in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-97">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[96]</a> San Diego and its backcountry suffer from periodic wildfires. In October 2003, San Diego was the site of the <a href="/wiki/Cedar_Fire_(2003)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cedar Fire (2003)">Cedar Fire</a>, at that time the largest wildfire in California over the past century.<a href="#cite_note-CedarLargeFire-99">[97]</a> The fire burned 280,000 acres (1,100 km2), killed 15 people, and destroyed more than 2,200 homes.<a href="#cite_note-100">[98]</a> In addition to damage caused by the fire, smoke resulted in a significant increase in emergency room visits due to asthma, respiratory problems, eye irritation, and smoke inhalation; the poor air quality caused San Diego County schools to close for a week.<a href="#cite_note-101">[99]</a> The <a href="/wiki/October_2007_California_wildfires" title="October 2007 California wildfires">October 2007 California wildfires</a> destroyed some areas, particularly within <a href="/wiki/Rancho_Bernardo,_San_Diego" title="Rancho Bernardo, San Diego">Rancho Bernardo</a>, as well as the nearby communities of <a href="/wiki/Rancho_Santa_Fe,_California" title="Rancho Santa Fe, California">Rancho Santa Fe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ramona,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramona, California">Ramona</a>.<a href="#cite_note-legacy.utsandiego.com-95">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neighborhoods">Neighborhoods</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Neighborhoods" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_communities_and_neighborhoods_of_San_Diego" title="List of communities and neighborhoods of San Diego">List of communities and neighborhoods of San Diego</a></div> The City of San Diego recognizes 52 individual areas as Community Planning Areas.<a href="#cite_note-102">[100]</a> Within a given planning area there may be several distinct neighborhoods. Altogether the city contains more than 100 identified <a href="/wiki/Neighborhoods_of_San_Diego,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Neighborhoods of San Diego, California">neighborhoods</a>. <a href="/wiki/Downtown_San_Diego" title="Downtown San Diego">Downtown San Diego</a> is located on <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Bay" title="San Diego Bay">San Diego Bay</a>. <a href="/wiki/Balboa_Park_(San_Diego)" title="Balboa Park (San Diego)">Balboa Park</a> encompasses several mesas and canyons to the northeast, surrounded by older, dense urban communities including <a href="/wiki/Hillcrest,_San_Diego" title="Hillcrest, San Diego">Hillcrest</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Park,_San_Diego" title="North Park, San Diego">North Park</a>. To the east and southeast lie <a href="/wiki/City_Heights,_San_Diego" title="City Heights, San Diego">City Heights</a>, the <a href="/wiki/College_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="College Area">College Area</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Southeast_San_Diego" title="Southeast San Diego">Southeast San Diego</a>. To the north lies <a href="/wiki/Mission_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Mission Valley">Mission Valley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_8" title="Interstate 8">Interstate 8</a>. The communities north of the valley and freeway, and south of <a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Air_Station_Miramar" title="Marine Corps Air Station Miramar">Marine Corps Air Station Miramar</a>, include <a href="/wiki/Clairemont,_San_Diego" title="Clairemont, San Diego">Clairemont</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kearny_Mesa" class="mw-redirect" title="Kearny Mesa">Kearny Mesa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tierrasanta" class="mw-redirect" title="Tierrasanta">Tierrasanta</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Navajo,_San_Diego" title="Navajo, San Diego">Navajo</a>. Stretching north from Miramar are the northern suburbs of <a href="/wiki/Mira_Mesa" class="mw-redirect" title="Mira Mesa">Mira Mesa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scripps_Ranch" class="mw-redirect" title="Scripps Ranch">Scripps Ranch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rancho_Pe%C3%B1asquitos" class="mw-redirect" title="Rancho Peñasquitos">Rancho Peñasquitos</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rancho_Bernardo" class="mw-redirect" title="Rancho Bernardo">Rancho Bernardo</a>. The far northeast portion of the city encompasses <a href="/wiki/Lake_Hodges" title="Lake Hodges">Lake Hodges</a> and the <a href="/wiki/San_Pasqual_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="San Pasqual Valley">San Pasqual Valley</a>, which holds an agricultural preserve. <a href="/wiki/Carmel_Valley,_San_Diego" title="Carmel Valley, San Diego">Carmel Valley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Del_Mar_Heights,_San_Diego" title="Del Mar Heights, San Diego">Del Mar Heights</a> occupy the northwest corner of the city. To their south are <a href="/wiki/Torrey_Pines_State_Natural_Reserve" title="Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve">Torrey Pines State Natural Reserve</a> and the business center of the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Triangle,_San_Diego" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Triangle, San Diego">Golden Triangle</a>. Further south are the beach and coastal communities of <a href="/wiki/La_Jolla" title="La Jolla">La Jolla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Beach,_San_Diego" title="Pacific Beach, San Diego">Pacific Beach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mission_Beach,_San_Diego" title="Mission Beach, San Diego">Mission Beach</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ocean_Beach,_San_Diego" title="Ocean Beach, San Diego">Ocean Beach</a>. <a href="/wiki/Point_Loma" class="mw-redirect" title="Point Loma">Point Loma</a> occupies the peninsula across San Diego Bay from downtown. The communities of <a href="/wiki/South_San_Diego" title="South San Diego">South San Diego</a> (an <a href="/wiki/Exclave" class="mw-redirect" title="Exclave">Exclave</a>), such as <a href="/wiki/San_Ysidro,_San_Diego" title="San Ysidro, San Diego">San Ysidro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Otay_Mesa" class="mw-redirect" title="Otay Mesa">Otay Mesa</a>, are located next to the <a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Mexico–United States border">Mexico–United States border</a>, and are physically separated from the rest of the city by the cities of <a href="/wiki/National_City,_California" title="National City, California">National City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chula_Vista" class="mw-redirect" title="Chula Vista">Chula Vista</a>. A narrow strip of land at the bottom of San Diego Bay connects these southern neighborhoods with the rest of the city.<a href="#cite_note-103">[101]</a> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Selection of <a href="/wiki/List_of_communities_and_neighborhoods_of_San_Diego" title="List of communities and neighborhoods of San Diego">neighborhoods in San Diego</a></li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 136px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 134px;"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Jolla_Shores_photo_D_Ramey_Logan_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="La Jolla"><noscript><img alt="La Jolla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/La_Jolla_Shores_photo_D_Ramey_Logan_%28cropped%29.jpg/201px-La_Jolla_Shores_photo_D_Ramey_Logan_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="100" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3166" data-file-height="2366"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 134px;height: 100px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/La_Jolla_Shores_photo_D_Ramey_Logan_%28cropped%29.jpg/201px-La_Jolla_Shores_photo_D_Ramey_Logan_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-alt="La Jolla" data-width="134" data-height="100" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/La_Jolla_Shores_photo_D_Ramey_Logan_%28cropped%29.jpg/301px-La_Jolla_Shores_photo_D_Ramey_Logan_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/La_Jolla_Shores_photo_D_Ramey_Logan_%28cropped%29.jpg/402px-La_Jolla_Shores_photo_D_Ramey_Logan_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/La_Jolla" title="La Jolla">La Jolla</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 117.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 115.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:North_Park,_San_Diego,_CA,_USA_-_panoramio_(11)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="North Park"><noscript><img alt="North Park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/North_Park%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2811%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/173px-North_Park%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2811%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="116" height="100" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2491" data-file-height="2162"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 116px;height: 100px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/North_Park%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2811%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/173px-North_Park%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2811%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-alt="North Park" data-width="116" data-height="100" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/North_Park%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2811%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/259px-North_Park%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2811%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/North_Park%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2811%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/346px-North_Park%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2811%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/North_Park,_San_Diego" title="North Park, San Diego">North Park</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 139.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 137.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Playa,_San_Diego,_CA,_USA_-_panoramio_(10)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Point Loma"><noscript><img alt="Point Loma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/La_Playa%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2810%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/206px-La_Playa%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2810%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="138" height="100" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3194" data-file-height="2327"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 138px;height: 100px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/La_Playa%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2810%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/206px-La_Playa%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2810%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-alt="Point Loma" data-width="138" data-height="100" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/La_Playa%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2810%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/309px-La_Playa%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2810%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/La_Playa%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2810%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/412px-La_Playa%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2810%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Point_Loma,_San_Diego" title="Point Loma, San Diego">Point Loma</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:East_Village,_San_Diego,_CA,_USA_-_panoramio_(24).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="East Village"><noscript><img alt="East Village" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/East_Village%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2824%29.jpg/226px-East_Village%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2824%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="151" height="100" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4816" data-file-height="3197"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 151px;height: 100px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/East_Village%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2824%29.jpg/226px-East_Village%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2824%29.jpg" data-alt="East Village" data-width="151" data-height="100" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/East_Village%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2824%29.jpg/339px-East_Village%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2824%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/East_Village%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2824%29.jpg/452px-East_Village%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2824%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/East_Village,_San_Diego" title="East Village, San Diego">East Village</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 152px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaslamp_Quarter,_San_Diego-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gaslamp Quarter"><noscript><img alt="Gaslamp Quarter" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Gaslamp_Quarter%2C_San_Diego-1.jpg/225px-Gaslamp_Quarter%2C_San_Diego-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5036" data-file-height="3357"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 100px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Gaslamp_Quarter%2C_San_Diego-1.jpg/225px-Gaslamp_Quarter%2C_San_Diego-1.jpg" data-alt="Gaslamp Quarter" data-width="150" data-height="100" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Gaslamp_Quarter%2C_San_Diego-1.jpg/338px-Gaslamp_Quarter%2C_San_Diego-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Gaslamp_Quarter%2C_San_Diego-1.jpg/450px-Gaslamp_Quarter%2C_San_Diego-1.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Gaslamp_Quarter" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaslamp Quarter">Gaslamp Quarter</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 127.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 125.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Guild_Theater,_San_Diego.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hillcrest"><noscript><img alt="Hillcrest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Guild_Theater%2C_San_Diego.jpg/188px-Guild_Theater%2C_San_Diego.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="100" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4150" data-file-height="3320"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 126px;height: 100px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Guild_Theater%2C_San_Diego.jpg/188px-Guild_Theater%2C_San_Diego.jpg" data-alt="Hillcrest" data-width="126" data-height="100" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Guild_Theater%2C_San_Diego.jpg/281px-Guild_Theater%2C_San_Diego.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Guild_Theater%2C_San_Diego.jpg/375px-Guild_Theater%2C_San_Diego.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Hillcrest,_San_Diego" title="Hillcrest, San Diego">Hillcrest</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 146.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 144.66666666667px;"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_San_Diego_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Linda Vista"><noscript><img alt="Linda Vista" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/University_of_San_Diego_%28cropped%29.jpg/217px-University_of_San_Diego_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="145" height="100" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1626" data-file-height="1125"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 145px;height: 100px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/University_of_San_Diego_%28cropped%29.jpg/217px-University_of_San_Diego_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-alt="Linda Vista" data-width="145" data-height="100" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/University_of_San_Diego_%28cropped%29.jpg/325px-University_of_San_Diego_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/University_of_San_Diego_%28cropped%29.jpg/434px-University_of_San_Diego_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Linda_Vista,_San_Diego" title="Linda Vista, San Diego">Linda Vista</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 129.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 127.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Diego_-_California_-_Yacht_Harbor_with_Hotels_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Columbia"><noscript><img alt="Columbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/San_Diego_-_California_-_Yacht_Harbor_with_Hotels_%28cropped%29.jpg/191px-San_Diego_-_California_-_Yacht_Harbor_with_Hotels_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="100" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3600" data-file-height="2828"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 128px;height: 100px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/San_Diego_-_California_-_Yacht_Harbor_with_Hotels_%28cropped%29.jpg/191px-San_Diego_-_California_-_Yacht_Harbor_with_Hotels_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-alt="Columbia" data-width="128" data-height="100" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/San_Diego_-_California_-_Yacht_Harbor_with_Hotels_%28cropped%29.jpg/287px-San_Diego_-_California_-_Yacht_Harbor_with_Hotels_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/San_Diego_-_California_-_Yacht_Harbor_with_Hotels_%28cropped%29.jpg/382px-San_Diego_-_California_-_Yacht_Harbor_with_Hotels_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Columbia,_San_Diego" title="Columbia, San Diego">Columbia</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 135.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 133.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Normal_Height%27s_sign,_Adams_Avenue.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Normal Heights"><noscript><img alt="Normal Heights" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Normal_Height%27s_sign%2C_Adams_Avenue.jpg/200px-Normal_Height%27s_sign%2C_Adams_Avenue.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="100" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 134px;height: 100px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Normal_Height%27s_sign%2C_Adams_Avenue.jpg/200px-Normal_Height%27s_sign%2C_Adams_Avenue.jpg" data-alt="Normal Heights" data-width="134" data-height="100" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Normal_Height%27s_sign%2C_Adams_Avenue.jpg/300px-Normal_Height%27s_sign%2C_Adams_Avenue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Normal_Height%27s_sign%2C_Adams_Avenue.jpg/400px-Normal_Height%27s_sign%2C_Adams_Avenue.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Normal_Heights,_San_Diego" title="Normal Heights, San Diego">Normal Heights</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 191.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 189.33333333333px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Rancho_Bernardo_View_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rancho Bernardo"><noscript><img alt="Rancho Bernardo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Rancho_Bernardo_View_%28cropped%29.jpg/284px-Rancho_Bernardo_View_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="100" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="453" data-file-height="240"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 190px;height: 100px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Rancho_Bernardo_View_%28cropped%29.jpg/284px-Rancho_Bernardo_View_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-alt="Rancho Bernardo" data-width="190" data-height="100" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Rancho_Bernardo_View_%28cropped%29.jpg/425px-Rancho_Bernardo_View_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Rancho_Bernardo_View_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Rancho_Bernardo,_San_Diego" title="Rancho Bernardo, San Diego">Rancho Bernardo</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 142px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 140px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Marina,_San_Diego,_CA,_USA_-_panoramio_(35)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Marina district"><noscript><img alt="Marina district" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Marina%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2835%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/210px-Marina%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2835%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="100" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4324" data-file-height="3096"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 140px;height: 100px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Marina%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2835%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/210px-Marina%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2835%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-alt="Marina district" data-width="140" data-height="100" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Marina%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2835%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/314px-Marina%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2835%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Marina%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2835%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/419px-Marina%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2835%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Marina,_San_Diego" title="Marina, San Diego">Marina district</a></div> </li> </ul> For the most part, San Diego neighborhood boundaries tend to be understood by its residents based on geographical boundaries like canyons and street patterns.<a href="#cite_note-104">[102]</a> The city recognized the importance of its neighborhoods when it organized its 2008 General Plan around the concept of a "City of Villages".<a href="#cite_note-105">[103]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cityscape">Cityscape</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Cityscape" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_San_Diego" title="List of tallest buildings in San Diego">List of tallest buildings in San Diego</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Navy_110604-N-NS602-574_Navy_and_Marine_Corps_personnel,_along_with_community_leaders_from_the_greater_San_Diego_area_come_together_to_commemora_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/US_Navy_110604-N-NS602-574_Navy_and_Marine_Corps_personnel%2C_along_with_community_leaders_from_the_greater_San_Diego_area_come_together_to_commemora_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3811" data-file-height="2591"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/US_Navy_110604-N-NS602-574_Navy_and_Marine_Corps_personnel%2C_along_with_community_leaders_from_the_greater_San_Diego_area_come_together_to_commemora_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/US_Navy_110604-N-NS602-574_Navy_and_Marine_Corps_personnel%2C_along_with_community_leaders_from_the_greater_San_Diego_area_come_together_to_commemora_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/US_Navy_110604-N-NS602-574_Navy_and_Marine_Corps_personnel%2C_along_with_community_leaders_from_the_greater_San_Diego_area_come_together_to_commemora_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Aerial view of central San Diego</figcaption></figure> San Diego was originally centered on the <a href="/wiki/Old_Town,_San_Diego" title="Old Town, San Diego">Old Town</a> district, but by the late 1860s the focus had shifted to the bayfront, in the belief that this new location would increase trade. As the "New Town" – present-day Downtown – waterfront location quickly developed, it eclipsed Old Town as the center of San Diego.<a href="#cite_note-Cornerstone-43">[43]</a> The first skyscraper over 300 feet (91 m) in San Diego was the <a href="/wiki/El_Cortez_(San_Diego)" title="El Cortez (San Diego)">El Cortez Hotel</a>, built in 1927; it was the tallest building in the city until 1963.<a href="#cite_note-106">[104]</a> As time went on, multiple buildings claimed the title of San Diego's tallest skyscraper, including the <a href="/wiki/530_B_Street" title="530 B Street">530 B Street</a> and <a href="/wiki/Symphony_Towers" title="Symphony Towers">Symphony Towers</a>. Currently the tallest building in San Diego is <a href="/wiki/One_America_Plaza" title="One America Plaza">One America Plaza</a>, standing 500 feet (150 m) tall, which was completed in 1991.<a href="#cite_note-EmpOneAmer-107">[105]</a> The downtown skyline contains no <a href="/wiki/Supertall" class="mw-redirect" title="Supertall">supertall</a> buildings due to a regulation put in place by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Aviation_Administration" title="Federal Aviation Administration">Federal Aviation Administration</a> (FAA) in the 1970s, which set a 500 feet (152 m) limit on the height of buildings within a one-mile (1.6 km) radius of <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_International_Airport" title="San Diego International Airport">San Diego International Airport</a>.<a href="#cite_note-500feetAirport-108">[106]</a> An iconic description of the skyline includes its skyscrapers being compared to the tools of a toolbox.<a href="#cite_note-SkyGrowsUp-109">[107]</a> There are <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_San_Diego" title="List of tallest buildings in San Diego">several new high-rises under construction</a>, including two that exceed 400 feet (122 m) in height. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Demographics" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_San_Diego_County,_California" title="Demographics of San Diego County, California">Demographics of San Diego County, California</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hispanics_and_Latinos_in_San_Diego" title="Hispanics and Latinos in San Diego">Hispanics and Latinos in San Diego</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224496135">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;color:black;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style> <table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right"> <caption>Historical population</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style>Note</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1850_United_States_census" title="1850 United States census">1850</a></th><td>500</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1860_United_States_census" title="1860 United States census">1860</a></th><td>731</td><td></td><td>46.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1870_United_States_census" title="1870 United States census">1870</a></th><td>2,300</td><td></td><td>214.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1880_United_States_census" title="1880 United States census">1880</a></th><td>2,637</td><td></td><td>14.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1890_United_States_census" title="1890 United States census">1890</a></th><td>16,159</td><td></td><td>512.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1900_United_States_census" title="1900 United States census">1900</a></th><td>17,700</td><td></td><td>9.5%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910</a></th><td>39,578</td><td></td><td>123.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920</a></th><td>74,361</td><td></td><td>87.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930</a></th><td>147,995</td><td></td><td>99.0%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1940_United_States_census" title="1940 United States census">1940</a></th><td>203,341</td><td></td><td>37.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1950_United_States_census" title="1950 United States census">1950</a></th><td>334,387</td><td></td><td>64.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1960_United_States_census" title="1960 United States census">1960</a></th><td>573,224</td><td></td><td>71.4%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1970_United_States_census" title="1970 United States census">1970</a></th><td>696,769</td><td></td><td>21.6%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1980_United_States_census" title="1980 United States census">1980</a></th><td>875,538</td><td></td><td>25.7%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/1990_United_States_census" title="1990 United States census">1990</a></th><td>1,110,549</td><td></td><td>26.8%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000</a></th><td>1,223,400</td><td></td><td>10.2%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_census" title="2010 United States census">2010</a></th><td>1,307,402</td><td></td><td>6.9%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td>1,386,932</td><td></td><td>6.1%</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">2023 (est.)</th><td class="us-census-pop-estimate">1,388,320</td><td><a href="#cite_note-110">[108]</a></td><td>0.1%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="us-census-pop-footnote" style="text-align: center">Population History of Western U.S. Cities & Towns, 1850–1990<a href="#cite_note-RM_54-56">[56]</a> U.S. Decennial Census<a href="#cite_note-111">[109]</a> 2010–2020<a href="#cite_note-QuickFacts-9">[9]</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size: 90%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Historical racial composition</th> <th>2020<a href="#cite_note-2020census-112">[110]</a></th> <th>2010<a href="#cite_note-Census_SD_quickfacts-113">[111]</a></th> <th>1990<a href="#cite_note-USCensusRace2012-114">[112]</a></th> <th>1970<a href="#cite_note-USCensusRace2012-114">[112]</a></th> <th>1940<a href="#cite_note-USCensusRace2012-114">[112]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/White_Americans" title="White Americans">White</a> (non-Hispanic)</td> <td>40.7%</td> <td>45.1%</td> <td>58.7%</td> <td>78.9%<a href="#cite_note-fifteen-115">[a]</a></td> <td>n/a </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a> (of any race)</td> <td>29.7%</td> <td>28.8%</td> <td>20.7%</td> <td>10.7%<a href="#cite_note-fifteen-115">[a]</a></td> <td>n/a </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian American">Asian</a> (non-Hispanic)</td> <td>17.6%</td> <td>15.9%</td> <td>11.8%</td> <td>2.2%</td> <td>1.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">Black or African American</a> (non-Hispanic)</td> <td>6.6%</td> <td>6.7%</td> <td>9.4%</td> <td>7.6%</td> <td>2.0% </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-fifteen-115">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fifteen_115-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fifteen_115-1">b</a> From 15% sample </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020">2020</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 2020" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>San Diego, California – Racial and ethnic composition <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race. </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) </th> <th>Pop 2000<a href="#cite_note-2000CensusP004-116">[113]</a> </th> <th>Pop 2010<a href="#cite_note-2010CensusP2-117">[114]</a> </th> <th style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Pop 2020<a href="#cite_note-2020CensusP2-118">[115]</a> </th> <th>% 2000 </th> <th>% 2010 </th> <th style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">% 2020 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_whites" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino whites">White</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>603,892 </td> <td>589,702 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">565,128 </td> <td>49.36% </td> <td>45.10% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">40.75% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_or_Latino_African_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans">Black or African American</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>92,830 </td> <td>82,497 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">77,542 </td> <td>7.59% </td> <td>6.31% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">5.59% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> or <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Native" class="mw-redirect" title="Alaska Native">Alaska Native</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>4,267 </td> <td>3,545 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">3,200 </td> <td>0.35% </td> <td>0.27% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.23% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>164,895 </td> <td>204,347 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">243,428 </td> <td>13.48% </td> <td>15.63% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">17.55% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" title="Pacific Islander Americans">Pacific Islander</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>5,311 </td> <td>5,178 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">4,887 </td> <td>0.43% </td> <td>0.40% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.35% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_census" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States census">Other race</a> alone (NH) </td> <td>3,065 </td> <td>3,293 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">8,208 </td> <td>0.25% </td> <td>0.25% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">0.59% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Multiracial_Americans" title="Multiracial Americans">Mixed race or Multiracial</a> (NH) </td> <td>38,388 </td> <td>42,820 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">73,243 </td> <td>3.14% </td> <td>3.28% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">5.28% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic or Latino</a> (any race) </td> <td>310,752 </td> <td>376,020 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">411,286 </td> <td>25.40% </td> <td>28.76% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">29.65% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total </td> <td>1,223,400 </td> <td>1,307,402 </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">1,386,932 </td> <td>100.00% </td> <td>100.00% </td> <td style="background: #ffffe6;">100.00% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010">2010</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: 2010" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The city had a population of 1,307,402 according to the 2010 census, distributed over a land area of 372.1 square miles (963.7 km2).<a href="#cite_note-119">[116]</a> The urban area of San Diego had a total population of 2,956,746, making it the <a href="/wiki/List_of_urbanized_areas_in_California_(by_population)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of urbanized areas in California (by population)">third-largest</a> in the state, after those of <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles metropolitan area">Los Angeles</a> and <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_metropolitan_area" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco metropolitan area">San Francisco</a>. The 2010 population represented an increase of just under 7% from the 1,223,400 people reported in 2000.<a href="#cite_note-Census_SD_quickfacts-113">[111]</a>The population density was 3,771.9 inhabitants per square mile (1,456.3/km2). The racial makeup of San Diego was 58.9% <a href="/wiki/White_American" class="mw-redirect" title="White American">White</a>, 6.7% African American, 0.6% Native American, 15.9% <a href="/wiki/Asian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian American">Asian</a> (5.9% <a href="/wiki/Filipino_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Filipino American">Filipino</a>, 2.7% <a href="/wiki/Chinese_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese American">Chinese</a>, 2.5% <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnamese American">Vietnamese</a>, 1.3% <a href="/wiki/Indian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian American">Indian</a>, 1.0% <a href="/wiki/Korean_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean American">Korean</a>, 0.7% <a href="/wiki/Japanese_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese American">Japanese</a>, 0.4% <a href="/wiki/Laotian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Laotian American">Laotian</a>, 0.3% <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambodian American">Cambodian</a>, 0.1% <a href="/wiki/Thai_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Thai American">Thai</a>). 0.5% <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Islander American">Pacific Islander</a> (0.2% <a href="/wiki/Guamanian" class="mw-redirect" title="Guamanian">Guamanian</a>, 0.1% <a href="/wiki/Samoan_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Samoan American">Samoan</a>, 0.1% <a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiian" class="mw-redirect" title="Native Hawaiian">Native Hawaiian</a>), 12.3% from <a href="/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (United States Census)">other races</a>, and 5.1% from two or more races. 28.8% of the population was <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Latino_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Latino (U.S. Census)">Latino</a> (of any race);<a href="#cite_note-Census_SD_quickfacts-113">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-census2010-120">[117]</a> 24.9% of the total population was of <a href="/wiki/Mexican_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican American">Mexican</a> heritage, 1.4% <a href="/wiki/Spanish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish American">Spanish</a> and 0.6% <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rican people">Puerto Rican</a>. The median age of Hispanic residents was 27.5 years, compared to 35.1 years overall and 41.6 years among non-Hispanic whites; Hispanic San Diegans were the largest group under the age of 18, while non-Hispanic whites constituted 63.1% of population 55 and older. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_San_Diego_(5560483270).png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_San_Diego_%285560483270%29.png/220px-Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_San_Diego_%285560483270%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3009" data-file-height="3009"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 220px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_San_Diego_%285560483270%29.png/220px-Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_San_Diego_%285560483270%29.png" data-width="220" data-height="220" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_San_Diego_%285560483270%29.png/330px-Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_San_Diego_%285560483270%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_San_Diego_%285560483270%29.png/440px-Race_and_ethnicity_2010-_San_Diego_%285560483270%29.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Map of racial distribution in San Diego, 2010 U.S. Census. Each dot is 25 people: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style>⬤ Non-Hispanic White <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">⬤ Black <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">⬤ Asian <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">⬤ Hispanic <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959">⬤ Other</figcaption></figure> As of January 2019<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit">[update]</a>, the San Diego City and County had the fifth-largest <a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_United_States" title="Homelessness in the United States">homeless</a> population among major cities in the United States, with 8,102 people experiencing homelessness.<a href="#cite_note-121">[118]</a> In the city of San Diego, 4,887 individuals were experiencing homelessness according to the 2020 count.<a href="#cite_note-122">[119]</a> A December 11, 2023 article in <a href="/wiki/The_San_Diego_Union-Tribune" title="The San Diego Union-Tribune">The San Diego Union-Tribune</a> by Blake Nelson reports a notable decline in the homeless population in downtown San Diego, specifically in the urban core. According to data from the Downtown San Diego Partnership, the number of individuals living outside or in vehicles has reached a two-year low, standing at approximately 1,200 as of last month. The decrease is attributed to the implementation of the city's camping ban and the concerted efforts to establish new shelters. While enforcement has led to relatively few individuals being punished, the threat of legal consequences appears to have played a role in the reduction.<a href="#cite_note-123">[120]</a> In 2000 there were 451,126 households, out of which 30.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.6% were married couples living together, 11.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.8% were non-families. Households made up of individuals account for 28.0%, and 7.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61, and the average family size was 3.30. The U.S. Census Bureau reported that in 2000, 24.0% of San Diego residents were under 18, and 10.5% were 65 and over.<a href="#cite_note-Census_SD_quickfacts-113">[111]</a> As of 2011<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit">[update]</a> the median age was 35.6; more than a quarter of residents were under age 20 and 11% were over age 65.<a href="#cite_note-124">[121]</a> <a href="/wiki/Millennials" title="Millennials">Millennials</a> (ages 26 through 42) constitute 27.1% of San Diego's population, the second-highest percentage in a major U.S. city.<a href="#cite_note-125">[122]</a> The San Diego County regional planning agency, SANDAG, provides tables and graphs breaking down the city population into five-year age groups.<a href="#cite_note-126">[123]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barrio_Logan,_San_Diego,_CA,_USA_-_panoramio_(8)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Barrio_Logan%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%288%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Barrio_Logan%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%288%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="187" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1518" data-file-height="1293"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 187px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Barrio_Logan%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%288%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Barrio_Logan%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%288%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="187" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Barrio_Logan%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%288%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Barrio_Logan%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%288%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Barrio_Logan%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%288%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Barrio_Logan%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%288%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Barrio_Logan" class="mw-redirect" title="Barrio Logan">Barrio Logan</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Chicano" title="Chicano">Chicano</a> cultural hub and <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_enclave" title="Ethnic enclave">ethnic enclave</a>.</figcaption></figure> In 2000, the <a href="/wiki/Median_household_income" class="mw-redirect" title="Median household income">median income for a household</a> in the city was $45,733, and the median income for a family was $53,060. Males had a median income of $36,984 versus $31,076 for females. The per capita income for the city was $35,199.<a href="#cite_note-2000SDCensus-127">[124]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a> in 2005, San Diego was the fifth wealthiest U.S. city,<a href="#cite_note-ForbesRichestCities-128">[125]</a> but about 10.6% of families and 14.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.0% of those under age 18 and 7.6% of those age 65 or over.<a href="#cite_note-2000SDCensus-127">[124]</a> As of January 1, 2008, estimates by the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Association_of_Governments" title="San Diego Association of Governments">San Diego Association of Governments</a> revealed that the household median income for San Diego rose to $66,715, up from $45,733 in 2000.<a href="#cite_note-sandag-129">[126]</a> San Diego was named the ninth-most <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the United States">LGBT</a>-friendly city in the U.S. in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-130">[127]</a> The city also has the <a href="/wiki/Top_US_Gay_Populations" class="mw-redirect" title="Top US Gay Populations">seventh-highest population</a> of gay residents in the U.S. Additionally in 2013, <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_State_University#LGBT-Friendly_campus" title="San Diego State University">San Diego State University</a> (SDSU), one of the city's prominent universities, was named one of the top LGBT-friendly campuses in the nation.<a href="#cite_note-131">[128]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Religion" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> According to a 2014 study by the <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a>, 68% of the population of the city identified themselves as <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a>, with 32% professing adherence to various <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> churches and 32% professing <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> beliefs.<a href="#cite_note-132">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[130]</a> while 27% claim <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">no religious affiliation</a>. The same study found that followers of other religions (including <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>) collectively made up about 5% of the population. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign-born_population">Foreign-born population</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Foreign-born population" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The majority of San Diego's foreign-born population were born in Mexico, the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, China and <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-134">[131]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Economy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_San_Diego" title="Economy of San Diego">Economy of San Diego</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FA18CHornetOverSanDiegoNov08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/FA18CHornetOverSanDiegoNov08.jpg/220px-FA18CHornetOverSanDiegoNov08.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2778" data-file-height="2160"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 171px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/FA18CHornetOverSanDiegoNov08.jpg/220px-FA18CHornetOverSanDiegoNov08.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="171" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/FA18CHornetOverSanDiegoNov08.jpg/330px-FA18CHornetOverSanDiegoNov08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/FA18CHornetOverSanDiegoNov08.jpg/440px-FA18CHornetOverSanDiegoNov08.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F/A-18_Hornet" title="McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet">F/A-18 Hornet</a> flying over San Diego. The city is as a major hub for the <a href="/wiki/Defense_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense industry">defense industry</a> and <a href="/wiki/U.S._military" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. military">U.S. military</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OneAmericaPlazaSDSept10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/OneAmericaPlazaSDSept10.jpg/220px-OneAmericaPlazaSDSept10.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2409" data-file-height="3060"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 279px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/OneAmericaPlazaSDSept10.jpg/220px-OneAmericaPlazaSDSept10.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="279" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/OneAmericaPlazaSDSept10.jpg/330px-OneAmericaPlazaSDSept10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/OneAmericaPlazaSDSept10.jpg/440px-OneAmericaPlazaSDSept10.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/One_America_Plaza" title="One America Plaza">One America Plaza</a> is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_San_Diego" title="List of tallest buildings in San Diego">tallest building in San Diego</a>.</figcaption></figure> The largest sectors of San Diego's economy are <a href="/wiki/Defense_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense industry">defense/military</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">tourism</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_trade" title="International trade">international trade</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Research_and_development" title="Research and development">research</a>/<a href="/wiki/Manufacturing" title="Manufacturing">manufacturing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-135">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-TribuneEconomySectors-136">[133]</a> San Diego recorded a <a href="/wiki/Median_household_income" class="mw-redirect" title="Median household income">median household income</a> of $79,646 in 2018, an increase of 3.89% from $76,662 in 2017.<a href="#cite_note-datausa-137">[134]</a> The median property value in San Diego in 2018 was $654,700,<a href="#cite_note-datausa-137">[134]</a> and the average home has two cars per household.<a href="#cite_note-datausa-137">[134]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Top_employers">Top employers</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Top employers" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_headquartered_in_San_Diego" title="List of companies headquartered in San Diego">List of companies headquartered in San Diego</a></div> According to the city's 2022 Annual Comprehensive Financial Report,<a href="#cite_note-acfr-138">[135]</a> the top employers in the city are: <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Employer </th> <th><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> of Employees </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Naval_Base_San_Diego" title="Naval Base San Diego">Naval Base San Diego</a> </td> <td>41,321 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Diego" title="University of California, San Diego">University of California, San Diego</a> </td> <td>37,064 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sharp_HealthCare" title="Sharp HealthCare">Sharp HealthCare</a> </td> <td>18,839 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Government_of_San_Diego_County,_California" title="Government of San Diego County, California">County of San Diego</a> </td> <td>16,744 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Scripps_Health" title="Scripps Health">Scripps Health</a> </td> <td>13,787 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Unified_School_District" title="San Diego Unified School District">San Diego Unified School District</a> </td> <td>13,559 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Qualcomm" title="Qualcomm">Qualcomm</a> </td> <td>11,546 </td></tr> <tr> <td>City of San Diego </td> <td>11,466 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kaiser_Permanente" title="Kaiser Permanente">Kaiser Permanente</a> </td> <td>9,632 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Grumman" title="Northrop Grumman">Northrop Grumman</a> </td> <td>6,075 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Defense_and_military">Defense and military</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Defense and military" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:An_MH-60R_Sea_Hawk_helicopter_flies_over_San_Diego._(24546100368)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/An_MH-60R_Sea_Hawk_helicopter_flies_over_San_Diego._%2824546100368%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-An_MH-60R_Sea_Hawk_helicopter_flies_over_San_Diego._%2824546100368%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="115" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1047"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 115px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/An_MH-60R_Sea_Hawk_helicopter_flies_over_San_Diego._%2824546100368%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-An_MH-60R_Sea_Hawk_helicopter_flies_over_San_Diego._%2824546100368%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="115" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/An_MH-60R_Sea_Hawk_helicopter_flies_over_San_Diego._%2824546100368%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-An_MH-60R_Sea_Hawk_helicopter_flies_over_San_Diego._%2824546100368%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/An_MH-60R_Sea_Hawk_helicopter_flies_over_San_Diego._%2824546100368%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-An_MH-60R_Sea_Hawk_helicopter_flies_over_San_Diego._%2824546100368%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>View of <a href="/wiki/Naval_Base_San_Diego" title="Naval Base San Diego">Naval Base San Diego</a></figcaption></figure> The economy of San Diego is influenced by <a href="/wiki/Port_of_San_Diego" title="Port of San Diego">its deepwater port</a>, which includes the only major submarine and shipbuilding yards on the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">West Coast</a>.<a href="#cite_note-139">[136]</a> Several major national <a href="/wiki/Defense_contractor" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense contractor">defense contractors</a> were started and are headquartered in San Diego, including <a href="/wiki/General_Atomics" title="General Atomics">General Atomics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cubic_Corporation" title="Cubic Corporation">Cubic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/National_Steel_and_Shipbuilding_Company" title="National Steel and Shipbuilding Company">NASSCO</a>.<a href="#cite_note-140">[137]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[138]</a> San Diego hosts the largest naval fleet in the world:<a href="#cite_note-142">[139]</a> In 2008 it was home to 53 ships, over 120 tenant commands, and more than 35,000 sailors, marines, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">Department of Defense</a> civilian employees and contractors.<a href="#cite_note-Navy.mil-143">[140]</a> About 5 percent of all civilian jobs in the county are military-related, and 15,000 businesses in San Diego County rely on Department of Defense contracts.<a href="#cite_note-Navy.mil-143">[140]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Defense.gov_photo_essay_100813-D-7203C-008_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Defense.gov_photo_essay_100813-D-7203C-008_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Defense.gov_photo_essay_100813-D-7203C-008_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3392" data-file-height="1595"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 103px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Defense.gov_photo_essay_100813-D-7203C-008_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Defense.gov_photo_essay_100813-D-7203C-008_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="103" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Defense.gov_photo_essay_100813-D-7203C-008_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Defense.gov_photo_essay_100813-D-7203C-008_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Defense.gov_photo_essay_100813-D-7203C-008_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Defense.gov_photo_essay_100813-D-7203C-008_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Marine_Corps_Recruit_Depot_San_Diego" title="Marine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego">Marine Corps Recruit Depot</a></figcaption></figure> Military bases in San Diego include <a href="/wiki/US_Navy" class="mw-redirect" title="US Navy">US Navy</a> facilities, <a href="/wiki/USMC" class="mw-redirect" title="USMC">Marine Corps</a> bases, and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a> stations. The city is "home to the majority of the U.S. Pacific Fleet's surface combatants, all of the Navy's West Coast amphibious ships and a variety of Coast Guard and Military Sealift Command vessels".<a href="#cite_note-Navy.mil-143">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[141]</a> The military infrastructure in San Diego is still growing and developing, with numerous military personnel stationed there, numbers of which are expected to rise. This plays a significant role in the city's economy, as of 2020<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit">[update]</a>, it provides roughly 25% of the GDP and provides 23% of the total jobs in San Diego.<a href="#cite_note-145">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[144]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Tourism" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Balboa_Park,_San_Diego,_CA,_USA_-_panoramio_(224).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Balboa_Park%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%28224%29.jpg/220px-Balboa_Park%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%28224%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3630" data-file-height="2712"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 164px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Balboa_Park%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%28224%29.jpg/220px-Balboa_Park%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%28224%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="164" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Balboa_Park%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%28224%29.jpg/330px-Balboa_Park%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%28224%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Balboa_Park%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%28224%29.jpg/440px-Balboa_Park%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%28224%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Casa_de_Balboa" title="Casa de Balboa">Casa de Balboa</a> at <a href="/wiki/Balboa_Park_(San_Diego)" title="Balboa Park (San Diego)">Balboa Park</a> is home to the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_History_Center" title="San Diego History Center">San Diego History Center</a>.</figcaption></figure> Tourism is a major industry owing to the city's climate, <a href="/wiki/Beaches_in_San_Diego,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Beaches in San Diego, California">beaches</a>,<a href="#cite_note-148">[145]</a> and tourist attractions such as <a href="/wiki/Balboa_Park_(San_Diego)" title="Balboa Park (San Diego)">Balboa Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belmont_Park_(San_Diego)" title="Belmont Park (San Diego)">Belmont Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Zoo" title="San Diego Zoo">San Diego Zoo</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Zoo_Safari_Park" title="San Diego Zoo Safari Park">San Diego Zoo Safari Park</a>, and <a href="/wiki/SeaWorld_San_Diego" title="SeaWorld San Diego">SeaWorld San Diego</a>. San Diego's Spanish and Mexican heritage is reflected in many historic sites across the city, such as <a href="/wiki/Mission_San_Diego_de_Alcal%C3%A1" title="Mission San Diego de Alcalá">Mission San Diego de Alcalá</a> and <a href="/wiki/Old_Town_San_Diego_State_Historic_Park" title="Old Town San Diego State Historic Park">Old Town San Diego State Historic Park</a>. Also, the <a href="/wiki/Beer_in_San_Diego_County,_California" title="Beer in San Diego County, California">local craft brewing industry</a> attracts an increasing number of visitors<a href="#cite_note-149">[146]</a> for "beer tours" and the annual San Diego Beer Week in November;<a href="#cite_note-150">[147]</a> San Diego has been called "America's Craft Beer Capital".<a href="#cite_note-151">[148]</a> San Diego County hosted more than 32 million visitors in 2012; collectively they spent an estimated $8 billion. The visitor industry provides employment for more than 160,000 people.<a href="#cite_note-sandiego.org-152">[149]</a> San Diego's cruise ship industry used to be the second-largest in California. Numerous cruise lines operate out of San Diego. However, cruise ship business has been in decline since 2008, when the Port hosted over 250 ship calls and more than 900,000 passengers. By 2016–2017, the number of ship calls had fallen to 90.<a href="#cite_note-MexicanRivieraLikelyEnd-153">[150]</a> Local sightseeing cruises are offered in San Diego Bay and Mission Bay, as well as whale-watching cruises to observe the migration of <a href="/wiki/Gray_whale" title="Gray whale">gray whales</a>, peaking in mid-January.<a href="#cite_note-InTheCitySanDiego.com-154">[151]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sport_fishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport fishing">Sport fishing</a> is another popular tourist attraction; San Diego is home to southern California's biggest sport fishing fleet.<a href="#cite_note-155">[152]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_trade">International trade</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: International trade" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cruise_Ships_Visit_Port_of_San_Diego_005_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Cruise_Ships_Visit_Port_of_San_Diego_005_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Cruise_Ships_Visit_Port_of_San_Diego_005_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3122" data-file-height="1909"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 135px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Cruise_Ships_Visit_Port_of_San_Diego_005_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Cruise_Ships_Visit_Port_of_San_Diego_005_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="135" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Cruise_Ships_Visit_Port_of_San_Diego_005_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Cruise_Ships_Visit_Port_of_San_Diego_005_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Cruise_Ships_Visit_Port_of_San_Diego_005_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Cruise_Ships_Visit_Port_of_San_Diego_005_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_San_Diego" title="Port of San Diego">Port of San Diego</a> is the third-busiest port in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>.</figcaption></figure> San Diego's commercial port and its location on the <a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Mexico_border" class="mw-redirect" title="United States–Mexico border">United States–Mexico border</a> make international trade an important factor in the city's economy. The city is authorized by the United States government to operate as a <a href="/wiki/Foreign-trade_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign-trade zone">foreign-trade zone</a>.<a href="#cite_note-156">[153]</a> The city shares a 15-mile (24 km) border with Mexico that includes two border crossings. San Diego hosts the busiest international border crossing in the world, in the San Ysidro neighborhood at the <a href="/wiki/San_Ysidro_Land_Port_of_Entry_Expansion_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="San Ysidro Land Port of Entry Expansion Project">San Ysidro Port of Entry</a>.<a href="#cite_note-157">[154]</a> A second, primarily commercial border crossing operates in the <a href="/wiki/Otay_Mesa,_San_Diego" title="Otay Mesa, San Diego">Otay Mesa</a> area; it is the largest commercial crossing on the California–<a href="/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California">Baja California</a> border and handles the third-highest volume of trucks and dollar value of trade among all United States-Mexico land crossings.<a href="#cite_note-158">[155]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Ysidro_Border_Traffic_(8653120372)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/San_Ysidro_Border_Traffic_%288653120372%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-San_Ysidro_Border_Traffic_%288653120372%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="122" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6480" data-file-height="3604"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 122px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/San_Ysidro_Border_Traffic_%288653120372%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-San_Ysidro_Border_Traffic_%288653120372%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="122" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/San_Ysidro_Border_Traffic_%288653120372%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-San_Ysidro_Border_Traffic_%288653120372%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/San_Ysidro_Border_Traffic_%288653120372%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-San_Ysidro_Border_Traffic_%288653120372%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/San_Ysidro_Port_of_Entry" title="San Ysidro Port of Entry">San Ysidro Port of Entry</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Border_checkpoint#Busiest_checkpoints_in_the_world" title="Border checkpoint">4th-busiest border crossing in the world</a>.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_San_Diego" title="Port of San Diego">Port of San Diego</a> is the third-busiest port in California and one of the busiest on the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">West Coast</a>. One of the Port of San Diego's two <a href="/wiki/Cargo" title="Cargo">cargo</a> facilities is located in <a href="/wiki/Downtown_San_Diego" title="Downtown San Diego">downtown San Diego</a> at the Tenth Avenue Marine Terminal. This terminal has facilities for <a href="/wiki/Shipping_container" title="Shipping container">containers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulk_cargo" title="Bulk cargo">bulk cargo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Refrigerated" class="mw-redirect" title="Refrigerated">refrigerated</a> and frozen storage, so that it can handle the import and export of many commodities.<a href="#cite_note-159">[156]</a> In 2009 the Port of San Diego handled 1,137,054 short tons of total trade; foreign trade accounted for 956,637 short tons while domestic trade amounted to 180,417 short tons.<a href="#cite_note-160">[157]</a> Historically tuna fishing and canning was one of San Diego's major industries,<a href="#cite_note-161">[158]</a> although the American tuna fishing fleet is no longer based in San Diego. Seafood company <a href="/wiki/Bumble_Bee_Foods" title="Bumble Bee Foods">Bumble Bee Foods</a> is headquartered in San Diego, as was <a href="/wiki/Chicken_of_the_Sea" title="Chicken of the Sea">Chicken of the Sea</a> until 2018.<a href="#cite_note-162">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[160]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Companies">Companies</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Companies" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AT%26TBuildingSanDiegoApr09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/AT%26TBuildingSanDiegoApr09.jpg/170px-AT%26TBuildingSanDiegoApr09.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="223" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2128" data-file-height="2789"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 223px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/AT%26TBuildingSanDiegoApr09.jpg/170px-AT%26TBuildingSanDiegoApr09.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="223" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/AT%26TBuildingSanDiegoApr09.jpg/255px-AT%26TBuildingSanDiegoApr09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/AT%26TBuildingSanDiegoApr09.jpg/340px-AT%26TBuildingSanDiegoApr09.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/AT%26T_Building_(San_Diego)" class="mw-redirect" title="AT&T Building (San Diego)">AT&T Building</a></figcaption></figure> San Diego hosts several major producers of wireless cellular technology. <a href="/wiki/Qualcomm" title="Qualcomm">Qualcomm</a> was founded and is headquartered in San Diego, and is one of the largest private-sector employers in San Diego.<a href="#cite_note-SDLargeEmployers-164">[161]</a> Other wireless industry manufacturers headquartered here include <a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a>, <a href="/wiki/LG_Electronics" title="LG Electronics">LG Electronics</a>,<a href="#cite_note-165">[162]</a> <a href="/wiki/Kyocera_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyocera International">Kyocera International</a>,<a href="#cite_note-166">[163]</a> <a href="/wiki/Cricket_Communications" class="mw-redirect" title="Cricket Communications">Cricket Communications</a> and Novatel Wireless.<a href="#cite_note-167">[164]</a> San Diego also has the U.S. headquarters for the Slovakian security company <a href="/wiki/ESET" title="ESET">ESET</a>.<a href="#cite_note-168">[165]</a> San Diego has been designated as an iHub Innovation Center for potential collaboration between wireless and the life sciences.<a href="#cite_note-169">[166]</a> The <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Diego" title="University of California, San Diego">University of California, San Diego</a> and other research institutions have helped to fuel the growth of <a href="/wiki/Biotechnology" title="Biotechnology">biotechnology</a>.<a href="#cite_note-UCSDIsrael-170">[167]</a> In 2013, San Diego had the second-largest biotech cluster in the United States, below <a href="/wiki/Greater_Boston" title="Greater Boston">Greater Boston</a> and above the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area</a>.<a href="#cite_note-171">[168]</a> There are more than 400 biotechnology companies in the area.<a href="#cite_note-172">[169]</a> In particular, the <a href="/wiki/La_Jolla,_San_Diego,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="La Jolla, San Diego, California">La Jolla</a> and nearby <a href="/wiki/Sorrento_Valley,_San_Diego,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Sorrento Valley, San Diego, California">Sorrento Valley</a> areas are home to offices and research facilities for numerous biotechnology companies.<a href="#cite_note-Walcott-173">[170]</a> Major biotechnology companies like <a href="/wiki/Illumina_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Illumina (company)">Illumina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neurocrine_Biosciences" title="Neurocrine Biosciences">Neurocrine Biosciences</a> are headquartered in San Diego, while many other biotech and pharmaceutical companies have offices or research facilities in San Diego. San Diego is also home to more than 140 <a href="/wiki/Contract_research_organization" title="Contract research organization">contract research organizations</a> (CROs) that provide contract services for pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies.<a href="#cite_note-174">[171]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Real_estate">Real estate</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Real estate" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Village_of_La_Jolla,_San_Diego,_CA_92037,_USA_-_panoramio_(48).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Village_of_La_Jolla%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA_92037%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2848%29.jpg/220px-Village_of_La_Jolla%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA_92037%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2848%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Village_of_La_Jolla%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA_92037%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2848%29.jpg/220px-Village_of_La_Jolla%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA_92037%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2848%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Village_of_La_Jolla%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA_92037%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2848%29.jpg/330px-Village_of_La_Jolla%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA_92037%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2848%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Village_of_La_Jolla%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA_92037%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2848%29.jpg/440px-Village_of_La_Jolla%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA_92037%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2848%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/La_Jolla" title="La Jolla">La Jolla</a> is a highly valued <a href="/wiki/Real_estate" title="Real estate">real estate</a> market in San Diego.</figcaption></figure> San Diego has high real estate prices. San Diego home prices peaked in 2005, and then declined along with the national trend. As of December 2010, prices were down 36 percent from the peak,<a href="#cite_note-175">[172]</a> <a href="/wiki/Median_home_price" class="mw-redirect" title="Median home price">median price of homes</a> having declined by more than $200,000 between 2005 and 2010.<a href="#cite_note-176">[173]</a> As of May 2015, the median price of a house was $520,000.<a href="#cite_note-177">[174]</a> In November 2018 the median home price was $558,000. The San Diego metropolitan area had one of the worst housing affordability rankings of all metropolitan areas in the United States in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-178">[175]</a> The San Diego Housing Market experienced a decline in the median sold price of existing single-family homes between December 2022 and January 2023, with a 2.9% decrease from $850,000 to $824,950.<a href="#cite_note-179">[176]</a> As of 2023, the majority of homes (nearly 60%) in San Diego are listed above $1 million, with the city's median home price at $910,000, ranking it fourth highest among the 30 largest U.S. cities.<a href="#cite_note-180">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[178]</a> Consequently, San Diego has experienced negative net migration since 2004. A significant number of people have moved to adjacent <a href="/wiki/Riverside_County,_California" title="Riverside County, California">Riverside County</a>, commuting daily to jobs in San Diego, while others are leaving the area altogether and moving to more affordable regions.<a href="#cite_note-SDGreenerPastures-182">[179]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Government" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_government">Local government</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Local government" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_San_Diego" title="Mayor of San Diego">Mayor of San Diego</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_City_Council" title="San Diego City Council">San Diego City Council</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Government_of_San_Diego_County,_California" title="Government of San Diego County, California">Government of San Diego County</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cabrillo_Bridge_Reenactment_150509-M-PG109-006_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Cabrillo_Bridge_Reenactment_150509-M-PG109-006_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Cabrillo_Bridge_Reenactment_150509-M-PG109-006_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="218" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1686" data-file-height="2164"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 218px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Cabrillo_Bridge_Reenactment_150509-M-PG109-006_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Cabrillo_Bridge_Reenactment_150509-M-PG109-006_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="218" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Cabrillo_Bridge_Reenactment_150509-M-PG109-006_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Cabrillo_Bridge_Reenactment_150509-M-PG109-006_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Cabrillo_Bridge_Reenactment_150509-M-PG109-006_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Cabrillo_Bridge_Reenactment_150509-M-PG109-006_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Todd_Gloria" title="Todd Gloria">Todd Gloria</a> is the current <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_San_Diego" title="Mayor of San Diego">mayor of San Diego</a>.</figcaption></figure> The city is governed by a mayor and a nine-member city council. In 2006, its government changed from a <a href="/wiki/Council%E2%80%93manager_government" title="Council–manager government">council–manager government</a> to a <a href="/wiki/Mayor%E2%80%93council_government" title="Mayor–council government">strong mayor government</a>, as decided by a citywide vote in 2004. The mayor is in effect the chief executive officer of the city, while the council is the legislative body.<a href="#cite_note-183">[180]</a> The City of San Diego is responsible for <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Police_Department" title="San Diego Police Department">police</a>, public safety, streets, water and sewer service, planning and zoning, and similar services within its borders. San Diego is a <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_city" title="Sanctuary city">sanctuary city</a>,<a href="#cite_note-184">[181]</a> however, San Diego County is a participant of the <a href="/wiki/Secure_Communities_and_administrative_immigration_policies" class="mw-redirect" title="Secure Communities and administrative immigration policies">Secure Communities</a> program.<a href="#cite_note-185">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-186">[183]</a> As of 2011<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit">[update]</a>, the city had one employee for every 137 residents, with a payroll greater than $733 million.<a href="#cite_note-187">[184]</a> The members of the city council are each elected from single-member districts within the city. The mayor and city attorney are elected directly by the voters of the entire city. The mayor, city attorney, and council members are elected to four-year terms, with a two-term limit.<a href="#cite_note-188">[185]</a> Elections are held on a non-partisan basis per California state law; nevertheless, most officeholders do identify themselves as either Democrats or Republicans. In 2007, registered Democrats outnumbered Republicans by about 7 to 6 in the city,<a href="#cite_note-RegDEMREP-189">[186]</a> and Democrats currently (as of 2022<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit">[update]</a>) hold an 8–1 majority in the city council. The current mayor, <a href="/wiki/Todd_Gloria" title="Todd Gloria">Todd Gloria</a>, is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Diego_City_and_Administration_Building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/San_Diego_City_and_Administration_Building.jpg/220px-San_Diego_City_and_Administration_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/San_Diego_City_and_Administration_Building.jpg/220px-San_Diego_City_and_Administration_Building.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/San_Diego_City_and_Administration_Building.jpg/330px-San_Diego_City_and_Administration_Building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/San_Diego_City_and_Administration_Building.jpg/440px-San_Diego_City_and_Administration_Building.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_County_Administration_Center" title="San Diego County Administration Center">County Administration Center</a>, seat of <a href="/wiki/Government_of_San_Diego_County,_California" title="Government of San Diego County, California">San Diego County Government</a></figcaption></figure> San Diego is part of <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_County" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego County">San Diego County</a>, and includes all or part of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th supervisorial districts of the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_San_Diego_County,_California#Board_of_Supervisors" title="Government of San Diego County, California">San Diego County Board of Supervisors</a>,<a href="#cite_note-190">[187]</a> Other county officers elected in part by city residents include the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_County_Sheriff" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego County Sheriff">Sheriff</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_County_District_Attorney" title="San Diego County District Attorney">District Attorney</a>, Assessor/Recorder/County Clerk, and Treasurer/Tax Collector. Areas of the city immediately adjacent to <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Bay" title="San Diego Bay">San Diego Bay</a> ("<a href="/wiki/Tidelands" title="Tidelands">tidelands</a>") are administered by the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_San_Diego" title="Port of San Diego">Port of San Diego</a>, a quasi-governmental agency which owns all the property in the tidelands and is responsible for its land use planning, policing, and similar functions. San Diego is a member of the regional planning agency <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Association_of_Governments" title="San Diego Association of Governments">San Diego Association of Governments</a> (SANDAG). Public schools within the city are managed and funded by independent school districts (see <a href="#Education">below</a>). After narrowly supporting <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_B._Johnson" title="Lyndon B. Johnson">Lyndon B. Johnson</a> in 1964, San Diego provided majorities to all six Republican presidential candidates from 1968 to 1988. However, in more recent decades, San Diego has trended in favor of <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> presidential candidates for president. <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> in 1988 is the last Republican candidate to carry San Diego in a presidential election. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="State_and_federal_representation">State and federal representation</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: State and federal representation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Diego,_2016_-_301.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/San_Diego%2C_2016_-_301.jpg/170px-San_Diego%2C_2016_-_301.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 227px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/San_Diego%2C_2016_-_301.jpg/170px-San_Diego%2C_2016_-_301.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="227" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/San_Diego%2C_2016_-_301.jpg/255px-San_Diego%2C_2016_-_301.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/San_Diego%2C_2016_-_301.jpg/340px-San_Diego%2C_2016_-_301.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>San Diego Hall of Justice in 2016</figcaption></figure> In the <a href="/wiki/California_State_Senate" title="California State Senate">California State Senate</a>, San Diego County encompasses the <a href="/wiki/California%27s_38th_State_Senate_district" class="mw-redirect" title="California's 38th State Senate district">38th</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_39th_State_Senate_district" class="mw-redirect" title="California's 39th State Senate district">39th</a> and <a href="/wiki/California%27s_40th_State_Senate_district" class="mw-redirect" title="California's 40th State Senate district">40th</a> districts,<a href="#cite_note-191">[188]</a> represented by <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Blakespear" title="Catherine Blakespear">Catherine Blakespear</a> (<a href="/wiki/California_Democratic_Party" title="California Democratic Party">D</a>), <a href="/wiki/Toni_Atkins" title="Toni Atkins">Toni Atkins</a> (<a href="/wiki/California_Democratic_Party" title="California Democratic Party">D</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Brian_Jones_(politician)" title="Brian Jones (politician)">Brian Jones</a> (<a href="/wiki/California_Republican_Party" title="California Republican Party">R</a>), respectively. In the <a href="/wiki/California_State_Assembly" title="California State Assembly">California State Assembly</a>, lying partially within the city of San Diego are the <a href="/wiki/California%27s_77th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 77th State Assembly district">77th</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_78th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 78th State Assembly district">78th</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_79th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 79th State Assembly district">79th</a>, and <a href="/wiki/California%27s_80th_State_Assembly_district" title="California's 80th State Assembly district">80th</a> districts,<a href="#cite_note-192">[189]</a> represented by <a href="/wiki/Tasha_Boerner" title="Tasha Boerner">Tasha Boerner</a> (<a href="/wiki/California_Democratic_Party" title="California Democratic Party">D</a>), <a href="/wiki/Chris_Ward_(California_politician)" title="Chris Ward (California politician)">Chris Ward</a> (<a href="/wiki/California_Democratic_Party" title="California Democratic Party">D</a>), <a href="/wiki/Akilah_Weber" title="Akilah Weber">Akilah Weber</a> (<a href="/wiki/California_Democratic_Party" title="California Democratic Party">D</a>), and <a href="/wiki/David_Alvarez_(politician)" title="David Alvarez (politician)">David Alvarez</a> (<a href="/wiki/California_Democratic_Party" title="California Democratic Party">D</a>), respectively. In the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a>, San Diego County includes parts or all of California's <a href="/wiki/California%27s_48th_congressional_district" title="California's 48th congressional district">48th</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_49th_congressional_district" title="California's 49th congressional district">49th</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_50th_congressional_district" title="California's 50th congressional district">50th</a>, <a href="/wiki/California%27s_51st_congressional_district" title="California's 51st congressional district">51st</a>, and <a href="/wiki/California%27s_52nd_congressional_district" title="California's 52nd congressional district">52nd</a> congressional districts,<a href="#cite_note-193">[190]</a> represented by <a href="/wiki/Darrell_Issa" title="Darrell Issa">Darrell Issa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">R</a>), <a href="/wiki/Mike_Levin" title="Mike Levin">Mike Levin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>), <a href="/wiki/Scott_Peters_(politician)" title="Scott Peters (politician)">Scott Peters</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>), <a href="/wiki/Sara_Jacobs" title="Sara Jacobs">Sara Jacobs</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Juan_Vargas" title="Juan Vargas">Juan Vargas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">D</a>) respectively. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scandals">Scandals</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Scandals" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacob_Weinberger_U.S._Courthouse,_San_Diego,_CA_Jun_03_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Jacob_Weinberger_U.S._Courthouse%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA_Jun_03_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Jacob_Weinberger_U.S._Courthouse%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA_Jun_03_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1507" data-file-height="1106"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 161px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Jacob_Weinberger_U.S._Courthouse%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA_Jun_03_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Jacob_Weinberger_U.S._Courthouse%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA_Jun_03_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="161" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Jacob_Weinberger_U.S._Courthouse%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA_Jun_03_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Jacob_Weinberger_U.S._Courthouse%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA_Jun_03_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Jacob_Weinberger_U.S._Courthouse%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA_Jun_03_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Jacob_Weinberger_U.S._Courthouse%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA_Jun_03_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Weinberger_United_States_Courthouse" title="Jacob Weinberger United States Courthouse">Weinberger U.S. Courthouse</a></figcaption></figure> San Diego was the site of the 1912 <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_free_speech_fight" title="San Diego free speech fight">San Diego free speech fight</a>, in which the city restricted speech, vigilantes brutalized and tortured anarchists, and the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Police_Department" title="San Diego Police Department">San Diego Police Department</a> killed a member of the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Workers_of_the_World" title="Industrial Workers of the World">Industrial Workers of the World</a> (IWW). In 1916, <a href="/wiki/Rainmaking" title="Rainmaking">rainmaker</a> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Hatfield" title="Charles Hatfield">Charles Hatfield</a> was blamed for $4 million in damages and accused of causing San Diego's worst <a href="/wiki/Floods_in_the_United_States:_1901%E2%80%932000#Southern_California_floods_-_January_1916" class="mw-redirect" title="Floods in the United States: 1901–2000">flood</a>, during which about 20 <a href="/wiki/Japanese_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese American">Japanese American</a> farmers died.<a href="#cite_note-194">[191]</a> Then-mayor <a href="/wiki/Roger_Hedgecock" title="Roger Hedgecock">Roger Hedgecock</a> was forced to resign his post in 1985, after he was found guilty of one count of <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_(criminal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conspiracy (criminal)">conspiracy</a> and 12 counts of <a href="/wiki/Perjury" title="Perjury">perjury</a>, related to the alleged failure to report all <a href="/wiki/Campaign_finance" title="Campaign finance">campaign contributions</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Horstman-195">[192]</a><a href="#cite_note-Abrahamson-196">[193]</a> After a series of appeals, the 12 perjury counts were dismissed in 1990 based on claims of <a href="/wiki/Juror_misconduct" title="Juror misconduct">juror misconduct</a>; the remaining conspiracy count was reduced to a <a href="/wiki/Misdemeanor" title="Misdemeanor">misdemeanor</a> and then dismissed.<a href="#cite_note-197">[194]</a> A 2002 scheme to underfund pensions for city employees led to the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_pension_scandal" title="San Diego pension scandal">San Diego pension scandal</a>. This resulted in the resignation of newly re-elected Mayor <a href="/wiki/Dick_Murphy" title="Dick Murphy">Dick Murphy</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[195]</a> and the criminal indictment of six pension board members.<a href="#cite_note-199">[196]</a> Those charges were finally dismissed by a federal judge in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-200">[197]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Diego,_2016_-_302_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/San_Diego%2C_2016_-_302_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-San_Diego%2C_2016_-_302_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="243" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3313"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 243px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/San_Diego%2C_2016_-_302_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-San_Diego%2C_2016_-_302_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="243" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/San_Diego%2C_2016_-_302_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-San_Diego%2C_2016_-_302_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/San_Diego%2C_2016_-_302_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-San_Diego%2C_2016_-_302_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/James_M._Carter_and_Judith_N._Keep_United_States_Courthouse" title="James M. Carter and Judith N. Keep United States Courthouse">Carter-Keep U.S. Courthouse</a></figcaption></figure> On November 28, 2005, U.S. Congressman <a href="/wiki/Duke_Cunningham" title="Duke Cunningham">Randy "Duke" Cunningham</a> resigned after being convicted on federal <a href="/wiki/Bribery" title="Bribery">bribery</a> charges. He had represented <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives,_California_District_50" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House of Representatives, California District 50">California's 50th congressional district</a>, which includes much of the northern portion of the city of San Diego. In 2006, Cunningham was sentenced to a 100-month prison sentence.<a href="#cite_note-201">[198]</a> He was released in 2013. In 2005 two city council members, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Inzunza" title="Ralph Inzunza">Ralph Inzunza</a> and Deputy Mayor <a href="/wiki/Michael_Zucchet" title="Michael Zucchet">Michael Zucchet</a> – who briefly took over as acting mayor when Murphy resigned – were convicted of <a href="/wiki/Extortion" title="Extortion">extortion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wire_fraud" class="mw-redirect" title="Wire fraud">wire fraud</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_(criminal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conspiracy (criminal)">conspiracy to commit wire fraud</a> for taking campaign contributions from a <a href="/wiki/Strip_club" title="Strip club">strip club</a> owner and his associates, allegedly in exchange for trying to repeal the city's "no touch" laws at strip clubs.<a href="#cite_note-202">[199]</a> Both subsequently resigned. Inzunza was sentenced to 21 months in prison.<a href="#cite_note-203">[200]</a> In 2009, a judge acquitted Zucchet on seven out of the nine counts against him, and granted his petition for a new trial on the other two charges;<a href="#cite_note-204">[201]</a> the remaining charges were eventually dropped.<a href="#cite_note-205">[202]</a> In July 2013, three former supporters of Mayor <a href="/wiki/Bob_Filner" title="Bob Filner">Bob Filner</a> asked him to resign because of allegations of repeated <a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment" title="Sexual harassment">sexual harassment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-206">[203]</a> Over the ensuing six weeks, 18 women came forward to publicly claim that Filner had sexually harassed them,<a href="#cite_note-207">[204]</a> and multiple individuals and groups called for him to resign. Filner agreed to resign effective August 30, 2013, subsequently pleaded guilty to one felony count of <a href="/wiki/False_imprisonment" title="False imprisonment">false imprisonment</a> and two misdemeanor <a href="/wiki/Battery_(crime)" title="Battery (crime)">battery</a> charges, and was sentenced to <a href="/wiki/House_arrest" title="House arrest">house arrest</a> and <a href="/wiki/Probation" title="Probation">probation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-208">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-209">[206]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crime">Crime</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Crime" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Crime_in_San_Diego" title="Crime in San Diego">Crime in San Diego</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Balboa_Park,_San_Diego,_CA,_USA_-_panoramio_(129)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Balboa_Park%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%28129%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Balboa_Park%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%28129%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3859" data-file-height="2753"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 157px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Balboa_Park%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%28129%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Balboa_Park%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%28129%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="157" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Balboa_Park%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%28129%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Balboa_Park%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%28129%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Balboa_Park%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%28129%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Balboa_Park%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%28129%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Police_Department" title="San Diego Police Department">San Diego Police Department</a></figcaption></figure> Like most major cities, San Diego had a declining crime rate from 1990 to 2000. 1991 would mark the city's deadliest year, registering 179 homicides<a href="#cite_note-210">[207]</a> within city limits (while the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_County" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego County">region</a> as a whole peaked at 278 homicides),<a href="#cite_note-211">[208]</a> capping off an unabated, eight-year climb in murders, rapes, robberies, and assault dating back to 1983. At the time, the city was ranked last among the 10 most populous U.S. cities in homicides per 1,000 population, and ninth in crimes per 1,000.<a href="#cite_note-212">[209]</a> From 1980 to 1994, San Diego surpassed 100 murders ten times before tapering off to 91 homicides in 1995. That number would not exceed 79 for the next 15 years.<a href="#cite_note-213">[210]</a> Crime in San Diego increased in the early 2000s.<a href="#cite_note-sdpdcrimeactuals-214">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-sdpdcrime1000-215">[212]</a><a href="#cite_note-sdtribunecrime-216">[213]</a> In 2004, San Diego had the sixth lowest crime rate of any U.S. city with over half a million residents.<a href="#cite_note-sdtribunecrime-216">[213]</a> From 2002 to 2006, the crime rate overall dropped 0.8%, though not evenly by category. While <a href="/wiki/Violent_crime" title="Violent crime">violent crime</a> decreased 12.4% during this period, <a href="/wiki/Property_crime" title="Property crime">property crime</a> increased 1.1%. Total property crimes per 100,000 people were lower than the national average in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-217">[214]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Crime_Report" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniform Crime Report">Uniform Crime Report</a> statistics compiled by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> (FBI) in 2010, there were 5,616 violent crimes and 30,753 property crimes. Of these, the violent crimes consisted of forcible rapes, 73 robberies and 170 aggravated assaults, while 6,387 burglaries, 17,977 larceny-thefts, 6,389 motor vehicle thefts and 155 acts of arson defined the property offenses.<a href="#cite_note-218">[215]</a> In 2013, San Diego had the lowest murder rate of the ten largest cities in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-219">[216]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Education" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary_and_secondary_schools">Primary and secondary schools</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Primary and secondary schools" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Primary_and_secondary_schools_in_San_Diego" class="mw-redirect" title="Primary and secondary schools in San Diego">Primary and secondary schools in San Diego</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_across_the_Quad_at_The_Bishop%27s_School_in_La_Jolla_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/View_across_the_Quad_at_The_Bishop%27s_School_in_La_Jolla_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-View_across_the_Quad_at_The_Bishop%27s_School_in_La_Jolla_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2142" data-file-height="1285"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 132px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/View_across_the_Quad_at_The_Bishop%27s_School_in_La_Jolla_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-View_across_the_Quad_at_The_Bishop%27s_School_in_La_Jolla_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="132" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/View_across_the_Quad_at_The_Bishop%27s_School_in_La_Jolla_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-View_across_the_Quad_at_The_Bishop%27s_School_in_La_Jolla_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/View_across_the_Quad_at_The_Bishop%27s_School_in_La_Jolla_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-View_across_the_Quad_at_The_Bishop%27s_School_in_La_Jolla_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Bishop%27s_School_(La_Jolla)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Bishop's School (La Jolla)">The Bishop's School</a> in La Jolla</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/State_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="State schools">Public schools</a> in San Diego are operated by independent <a href="/wiki/School_district" title="School district">school districts</a>. The majority of the public schools in the city are served by <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Unified_School_District" title="San Diego Unified School District">San Diego Unified School District</a>, the second-largest school district in California, which includes 11 K–8 schools, 107 elementary schools, 24 middle schools, 13 atypical and alternative schools, 28 high schools, and 45 <a href="/wiki/Charter_school" title="Charter school">charter schools</a>.<a href="#cite_note-220">[217]</a> Several adjacent school districts which are headquartered outside the city limits serve some schools within the city; these include <a href="/wiki/Poway_Unified_School_District" title="Poway Unified School District">Poway Unified School District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Del_Mar_Union_School_District" title="Del Mar Union School District">Del Mar Union School District</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Dieguito_Union_High_School_District" title="San Dieguito Union High School District">San Dieguito Union High School District</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sweetwater_Union_High_School_District" title="Sweetwater Union High School District">Sweetwater Union High School District</a>. In addition, there are a number of private schools in the city. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colleges_and_universities">Colleges and universities</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Colleges and universities" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:College_West,_San_Diego,_CA,_USA_-_panoramio_(36).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/College_West%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2836%29.jpg/220px-College_West%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2836%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/College_West%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2836%29.jpg/220px-College_West%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2836%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/College_West%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2836%29.jpg/330px-College_West%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2836%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/College_West%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2836%29.jpg/440px-College_West%2C_San_Diego%2C_CA%2C_USA_-_panoramio_%2836%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_State_University" title="San Diego State University">San Diego State University</a></figcaption></figure> According to education rankings released by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">U.S. Census Bureau</a> in 2017, 44.4% of San Diegans (city, not county) ages 25 and older hold <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">bachelor's degrees</a>, compared to 30.9% in the United States as a whole. The census ranks the city as the ninth-most educated city in the United States, based on these figures.<a href="#cite_note-221">[218]</a> The largest university in the area is the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Diego" title="University of California, San Diego">University of California, San Diego</a> (UC San Diego). The university is the southernmost campus of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California" title="University of California">University of California</a> system and is the second largest employer in the city. It is the only university in the city that is <a href="/wiki/Research_I_university" class="mw-redirect" title="Research I university">classified</a> "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity", and it has the 7th largest research expenditure in the country.<a href="#cite_note-222">[219]</a> Other public colleges and universities in the city include <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_State_University" title="San Diego State University">San Diego State University</a> (SDSU) and the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Community_College_District" title="San Diego Community College District">San Diego Community College District</a>, which includes <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_City_College" title="San Diego City College">San Diego City College</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Mesa_College" title="San Diego Mesa College">San Diego Mesa College</a>, and <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Miramar_College" title="San Diego Miramar College">San Diego Miramar College</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_San_Diego_(cropped2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/University_of_San_Diego_%28cropped2%29.jpg/220px-University_of_San_Diego_%28cropped2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1113" data-file-height="647"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 128px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/University_of_San_Diego_%28cropped2%29.jpg/220px-University_of_San_Diego_%28cropped2%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="128" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/University_of_San_Diego_%28cropped2%29.jpg/330px-University_of_San_Diego_%28cropped2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/University_of_San_Diego_%28cropped2%29.jpg/440px-University_of_San_Diego_%28cropped2%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/University_of_San_Diego" title="University of San Diego">University of San Diego</a></figcaption></figure> Private non-profit colleges and universities in the city include the <a href="/wiki/University_of_San_Diego" title="University of San Diego">University of San Diego</a> (USD), <a href="/wiki/Point_Loma_Nazarene_University" title="Point Loma Nazarene University">Point Loma Nazarene University</a> (PLNU), <a href="/wiki/National_University_(California)" title="National University (California)">National University</a>'s San Diego campus, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Redlands" title="University of Redlands">University of Redlands</a>' School of Business San Diego campus, <a href="/wiki/Brandman_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Brandman University">Brandman University</a>'s San Diego campus, and <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Christian_College" title="San Diego Christian College">San Diego Christian College</a>. For-profit institutions include <a href="/wiki/Alliant_International_University" title="Alliant International University">Alliant International University</a> (AIU), <a href="/wiki/Fashion_Institute_of_Design_%26_Merchandising" title="Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising">Fashion Institute of Design & Merchandising</a>'s San Diego campus, <a href="/wiki/NewSchool_of_Architecture_and_Design" title="NewSchool of Architecture and Design">NewSchool of Architecture and Design</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_States_University" title="Southern States University">Southern States University</a> (SSU), <a href="/wiki/UEI_College" title="UEI College">UEI College</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Woodbury_University" title="Woodbury University">Woodbury University</a> School of Architecture's satellite campus. There is one medical school in the city, the <a href="/wiki/UC_San_Diego_School_of_Medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="UC San Diego School of Medicine">UC San Diego School of Medicine</a>. There are three <a href="/wiki/American_Bar_Association" title="American Bar Association">ABA</a> accredited law schools in the city, which include <a href="/wiki/California_Western_School_of_Law" title="California Western School of Law">California Western School of Law</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_School_of_Law" title="Thomas Jefferson School of Law">Thomas Jefferson School of Law</a>, and <a href="/wiki/University_of_San_Diego_School_of_Law" title="University of San Diego School of Law">University of San Diego School of Law</a>. There is also one law school, <a href="/wiki/Western_Sierra_Law_School" title="Western Sierra Law School">Western Sierra Law School</a>, not accredited by the ABA. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libraries">Libraries</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Libraries" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Geisel_Library3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Geisel_Library3.jpg/220px-Geisel_Library3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 146px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Geisel_Library3.jpg/220px-Geisel_Library3.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="146" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Geisel_Library3.jpg/330px-Geisel_Library3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Geisel_Library3.jpg/440px-Geisel_Library3.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Geisel_Library" title="Geisel Library">Geisel Library</a> at <a href="/wiki/UC_San_Diego" class="mw-redirect" title="UC San Diego">UC San Diego</a></figcaption></figure> The city-run <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Public_Library" title="San Diego Public Library">San Diego Public Library</a> system is headquartered downtown and has 36 branches throughout the city.<a href="#cite_note-223">[220]</a> The newest location is in Skyline Hills, which broke ground in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-224">[221]</a> The libraries have had reduced operating hours since 2003 due to the city's financial problems. In 2006 the city increased spending on libraries by $2.1 million.<a href="#cite_note-SpareLibPark-225">[222]</a> A new nine-story Central Library on Park Boulevard at J Street opened on September 30, 2013.<a href="#cite_note-226">[223]</a> In addition to the municipal public library system, there are nearly two dozen libraries open to the public run by other governmental agencies, and by schools, colleges, and universities.<a href="#cite_note-227">[224]</a> Noteworthy are <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_A._Love_Library" title="Malcolm A. Love Library">Malcolm A. Love Library</a> at <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_State_University" title="San Diego State University">San Diego State University</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Geisel_Library" title="Geisel Library">Geisel Library</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Diego" title="University of California, San Diego">University of California, San Diego</a>. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Culture" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_San_Diego" title="Culture of San Diego">Culture of San Diego</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/City_of_San_Diego_Commission_for_Arts_and_Culture" title="City of San Diego Commission for Arts and Culture">City of San Diego Commission for Arts and Culture</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Diego_Museum_of_Man_01_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/San_Diego_Museum_of_Man_01_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-San_Diego_Museum_of_Man_01_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="220" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2249" data-file-height="2915"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 220px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/San_Diego_Museum_of_Man_01_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-San_Diego_Museum_of_Man_01_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="220" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/San_Diego_Museum_of_Man_01_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-San_Diego_Museum_of_Man_01_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/San_Diego_Museum_of_Man_01_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-San_Diego_Museum_of_Man_01_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Us" title="Museum of Us">Museum of Us</a></figcaption></figure> The culture of San Diego is influenced heavily by the mixing of <a href="/wiki/American_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="American culture">American</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mexican_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican culture">Mexican cultures</a>, due to the city's position on the <a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border" title="Mexico–United States border">Mexico–United States border</a>, its large <a href="/wiki/Chicano" title="Chicano">Chicano</a> population, and its history as part of <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_America" title="Hispanic America">Hispanic America</a> and Mexico. San Diego's longtime association with the <a href="/wiki/U.S._military" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. military">U.S. military</a> also contributes to its culture. Many popular museums, such as <a href="/wiki/The_San_Diego_Museum_of_Art" title="The San Diego Museum of Art">the San Diego Museum of Art</a>, the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Natural_History_Museum" title="San Diego Natural History Museum">San Diego Natural History Museum</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Us" title="Museum of Us">Museum of Us</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Photographic_Arts" title="Museum of Photographic Arts">Museum of Photographic Arts</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Air_%26_Space_Museum" title="San Diego Air & Space Museum">San Diego Air & Space Museum</a>, are located in Balboa Park, which is also the location of the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Zoo" title="San Diego Zoo">San Diego Zoo</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Contemporary_Art_San_Diego" title="Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego">Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego</a> (MCASD) is located in La Jolla and has a branch located at <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_Depot_(San_Diego)" title="Santa Fe Depot (San Diego)">Santa Fe Depot</a> downtown. The downtown branch consists of two buildings on two opposite streets. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Diego_Museum_of_Art_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/San_Diego_Museum_of_Art_02.jpg/170px-San_Diego_Museum_of_Art_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="209" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2038" data-file-height="2505"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 209px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/San_Diego_Museum_of_Art_02.jpg/170px-San_Diego_Museum_of_Art_02.jpg" data-width="170" data-height="209" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/San_Diego_Museum_of_Art_02.jpg/255px-San_Diego_Museum_of_Art_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/San_Diego_Museum_of_Art_02.jpg/340px-San_Diego_Museum_of_Art_02.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_San_Diego_Museum_of_Art" title="The San Diego Museum of Art">The San Diego Museum of Art</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Columbia,_San_Diego,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia, San Diego, California">Columbia district</a> downtown is home to historic ship exhibits belonging to the <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Museum_of_San_Diego" title="Maritime Museum of San Diego">Maritime Museum of San Diego</a>, headlined by <a href="/wiki/Star_of_India_(ship)" title="Star of India (ship)">Star of India</a>, as well as the unrelated <a href="/wiki/USS_Midway_Museum" title="USS Midway Museum">USS Midway Museum</a> featuring the <a href="/wiki/USS_Midway_(CV-41)" title="USS Midway (CV-41)">USS Midway</a> aircraft carrier. The <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Symphony" title="San Diego Symphony">San Diego Symphony</a> at <a href="/wiki/Symphony_Towers" title="Symphony Towers">Symphony Towers</a> performs on a regular basis; from 2004 to 2017, its director was <a href="/wiki/Jahja_Ling" title="Jahja Ling">Jahja Ling</a>. The <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Opera" title="San Diego Opera">San Diego Opera</a> at Civic Center Plaza, directed by David Bennett. <a href="/wiki/Old_Globe_Theatre" title="Old Globe Theatre">Old Globe Theatre</a> at Balboa Park produces about 15 plays and musicals annually. <a href="/wiki/La_Jolla_Playhouse" title="La Jolla Playhouse">La Jolla Playhouse</a> at UC San Diego is directed by <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Ashley" title="Christopher Ashley">Christopher Ashley</a>. Both the Old Globe Theatre and La Jolla Playhouse have produced the world premieres of plays and musicals that have gone on to win <a href="/wiki/Tony_Awards" title="Tony Awards">Tony Awards</a><a href="#cite_note-228">[225]</a> or nominations<a href="#cite_note-229">[226]</a> on <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Joan_Kroc" title="Joan Kroc">Joan B. Kroc</a> Theatre at Kroc Center's Performing Arts Center is a 600-seat state-of-the-art theater that hosts music, dance, and theater performances. Hundreds of movies and a dozen TV shows have been <a href="/wiki/List_of_media_set_in_San_Diego#Films" title="List of media set in San Diego">filmed in San Diego</a>, a tradition going back as far as 1898.<a href="#cite_note-230">[227]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(9)"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Sports" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-9 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-9"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_San_Diego" title="Sports in San Diego">Sports in San Diego</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Petco_Park_Padres_Game.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Petco_Park_Padres_Game.jpg/220px-Petco_Park_Padres_Game.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Petco_Park_Padres_Game.jpg/220px-Petco_Park_Padres_Game.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Petco_Park_Padres_Game.jpg/330px-Petco_Park_Padres_Game.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Petco_Park_Padres_Game.jpg/440px-Petco_Park_Padres_Game.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Petco_Park" title="Petco Park">Petco Park</a>, home of the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Padres" title="San Diego Padres">San Diego Padres</a></figcaption></figure> Sports in San Diego includes <a href="/wiki/Major_professional_sports_leagues_in_the_United_States_and_Canada" title="Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada">major professional league</a> teams, other <a href="/wiki/Professional_sports_leagues_in_the_United_States#Other_highest-level_professional_leagues" title="Professional sports leagues in the United States">highest-level professional league</a> teams, <a href="/wiki/Minor_league" title="Minor league">minor league</a> teams, and <a href="/wiki/College_athletics" class="mw-redirect" title="College athletics">college athletics</a>. San Diego hosts two teams of the major professional leagues, the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Padres" title="San Diego Padres">San Diego Padres</a> of <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> (MLB) and <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_FC" title="San Diego FC">San Diego FC</a> of <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Soccer" title="Major League Soccer">Major League Soccer</a> (MLS).<a href="#cite_note-MLS_Announcement2-231">[228]</a> The city is home to several universities whose teams compete in various <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I" title="NCAA Division I">NCAA Division I</a> sports, most notably the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_State_Aztecs" title="San Diego State Aztecs">San Diego State Aztecs</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Farmers_Insurance_Open" title="Farmers Insurance Open">Farmers Insurance Open</a>, a professional golf tournament on the <a href="/wiki/PGA_Tour" title="PGA Tour">PGA Tour</a>, is played annually at <a href="/wiki/Torrey_Pines_Golf_Course" title="Torrey Pines Golf Course">Torrey Pines Golf Course</a>. San Diego hosted the <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> (NFL)'s <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Chargers" title="San Diego Chargers">San Diego Chargers</a> from 1961 to 2017, when the team relocated to the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles" title="Greater Los Angeles">Greater Los Angeles</a> area (now the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Chargers" title="Los Angeles Chargers">Los Angeles Chargers</a>). The city also hosted the <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">National Basketball Association</a> (NBA)'s <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Rockets" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego Rockets">San Diego Rockets</a> from 1967 to 1971 (now the <a href="/wiki/Houston_Rockets" title="Houston Rockets">Houston Rockets</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Clippers#1978%E2%80%931984:_San_Diego_Clippers" title="Los Angeles Clippers">San Diego Clippers</a> from 1978 to 1984 (now the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Clippers" title="Los Angeles Clippers">Los Angeles Clippers</a>). San Diego has never hosted a <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a> (NHL) franchise, though it hosted the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Mariners" title="San Diego Mariners">San Diego Mariners</a> of the now-defunct <a href="/wiki/World_Hockey_Association" title="World Hockey Association">World Hockey Association</a> (WHA) from 1974 to 1977. Currently, there is no NFL, NBA, or NHL team in the city. San Diego is the largest American city not to have won a championship in a "Big Four"<a href="#cite_note-232">[a]</a> major professional league. The city does have one major league title to its name: the <a href="/wiki/1963_American_Football_League_Championship_Game" title="1963 American Football League Championship Game">1963 American Football League (AFL) Championship</a> won by the San Diego Chargers, when the AFL was an independent entity prior to the <a href="/wiki/AFL%E2%80%93NFL_merger" title="AFL–NFL merger">AFL–NFL merger</a> in 1970. Due to its lackluster record on winning professional championships, and in some cases retaining professional teams, some San Diego sports fans believe there is <a href="/wiki/Sports-related_curses#San_Diego,_California" title="Sports-related curses">a curse</a> on professional sports in the city. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(10)"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Media" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-10 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-10"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Media_in_San_Diego" title="Media in San Diego">Media in San Diego</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_media_set_in_San_Diego" title="List of media set in San Diego">List of media set in San Diego</a></div> Published within the city are the daily newspaper, <a href="/wiki/The_San_Diego_Union-Tribune" title="The San Diego Union-Tribune">The San Diego Union-Tribune</a> and its online portal of the same name,<a href="#cite_note-233">[229]</a> and the alternative newsweeklies, <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_CityBeat" title="San Diego CityBeat">San Diego CityBeat</a> and the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Reader" title="San Diego Reader">San Diego Reader</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Times_of_San_Diego" class="mw-redirect" title="Times of San Diego">Times of San Diego</a> is a free online newspaper covering news in the metropolitan area. <a href="/wiki/Voice_of_San_Diego" title="Voice of San Diego">Voice of San Diego</a> is a non-profit online news outlet covering government, politics, education, neighborhoods, and the arts. The San Diego Daily Transcript is a business-oriented online newspaper. San Diego is also the headquarters of the national <a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Far-right politics in the United States">far-right</a> cable TV channel <a href="/wiki/One_America_News_Network" title="One America News Network">One America News Network</a> (OANN), which was founded in 2013 and is owned by <a href="/wiki/Herring_Networks" title="Herring Networks">Herring Networks</a>. The network gained notoriety for being ardent supporters of <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> and providing a platform for <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">right-wing</a> <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_Theories" class="mw-redirect" title="Conspiracy Theories">conspiracy theories</a>. San Diego led U.S. local markets with 69.6 percent broadband penetration in 2004 according to <a href="/wiki/Nielsen_ratings" class="mw-redirect" title="Nielsen ratings">Nielsen//NetRatings</a>.<a href="#cite_note-234">[230]</a> San Diego's first television station was <a href="/wiki/KFMB-TV" title="KFMB-TV">KFMB</a>, which began broadcasting on May 16, 1949.<a href="#cite_note-KFMBTV-235">[231]</a> Since the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a> (FCC) licensed seven television stations in Los Angeles, two <a href="/wiki/VHF" class="mw-redirect" title="VHF">VHF</a> channels were available for San Diego because of its relative proximity to the larger city. In 1952, however, the FCC began licensing <a href="/wiki/UHF" class="mw-redirect" title="UHF">UHF</a> channels, making it possible for cities such as San Diego to acquire more stations. Stations based in Mexico (with <a href="/wiki/ITU_prefix" title="ITU prefix">ITU prefixes</a> of XE and XH) also serve the San Diego market. Television stations today include <a href="/wiki/XHCPDE-TDT" title="XHCPDE-TDT">XHCPDE</a> 11 (<a href="/wiki/Canal_Once_(Mexico)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canal Once (Mexico)">Canal Once (Mexico)</a>), <a href="/wiki/XETV-TDT" title="XETV-TDT">XETV</a> 6 (<a href="/wiki/Canal_5_(Mexico)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canal 5 (Mexico)">Canal 5</a>/<a href="/wiki/Nueve_(Mexican_TV_network)" title="Nueve (Mexican TV network)">Nueve</a>), <a href="/wiki/KFMB-TV" title="KFMB-TV">KFMB</a> 8 (<a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a>, with <a href="/wiki/The_CW" title="The CW">The CW</a>/<a href="/wiki/MyNetworkTV" title="MyNetworkTV">MNTV</a> on DT2), <a href="/wiki/KGTV" title="KGTV">KGTV</a> 10 (<a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a>), <a href="/wiki/XEWT-TDT" title="XEWT-TDT">XEWT</a> 12 (<a href="/wiki/Televisa_Regional" title="Televisa Regional">Televisa Regional</a>), <a href="/wiki/KPBS_(TV)" title="KPBS (TV)">KPBS</a> 15 (<a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a>), <a href="/wiki/KBNT-CD" title="KBNT-CD">KBNT-CD</a> 17 (<a href="/wiki/Univision" title="Univision">Univision</a>), <a href="/wiki/XHTIT-TDT" title="XHTIT-TDT">XHTIT-TDT</a> 21 (<a href="/wiki/Azteca_7" title="Azteca 7">Azteca 7</a>), <a href="/wiki/XHJK-TDT" title="XHJK-TDT">XHJK-TDT</a> 1 (<a href="/wiki/Azteca_Uno" title="Azteca Uno">Azteca Uno</a>), <a href="/wiki/XHAS-TDT" title="XHAS-TDT">XHAS</a> 33 (<a href="/wiki/Canal_66" class="mw-redirect" title="Canal 66">Canal 66</a>), <a href="/wiki/K35DG-D" title="K35DG-D">K35DG-D</a> 35 (<a href="/wiki/UCSD-TV" class="mw-redirect" title="UCSD-TV">UCSD-TV</a>), <a href="/wiki/KDTF-LD" title="KDTF-LD">KDTF-LD</a> 36 (<a href="/wiki/Unim%C3%A1s" class="mw-redirect" title="Unimás">Unimás</a>), <a href="/wiki/KNSD" title="KNSD">KNSD</a> 39 (<a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a>), <a href="/wiki/KUAN-LD" title="KUAN-LD">KUAN-LD</a> 48 (<a href="/wiki/Telemundo" title="Telemundo">Telemundo</a>), <a href="/w/index.php?title=KSEX-CD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KSEX-CD (page does not exist)">KSEX-CD</a> 42 (Infomercials), <a href="/wiki/XHBJ-TDT" title="XHBJ-TDT">XHBJ-TDT</a> 45 (<a href="/wiki/Canal_6_(Mexico)" title="Canal 6 (Mexico)">Canal 6 (Mexico)</a>), <a href="/wiki/XHDTV-TDT" title="XHDTV-TDT">XHDTV</a> 49 (<a href="/wiki/Milenio_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Milenio Televisión">Milenio Televisión</a>), <a href="/wiki/KUSI" class="mw-redirect" title="KUSI">KUSI</a> 51 (Independent), <a href="/wiki/XHUAA-TDT" title="XHUAA-TDT">XHUAA-TDT</a> 19 (<a href="/wiki/Canal_de_las_Estrellas" class="mw-redirect" title="Canal de las Estrellas">Canal de las Estrellas</a>), and <a href="/wiki/KSWB-TV" title="KSWB-TV">KSWB-TV</a> 69 (<a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">Fox</a>). San Diego has an 80.6 percent cable penetration rate.<a href="#cite_note-San_Diego_cable_penetration_rates-236">[232]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parade_of_Lights_2017_15_-_39114099902.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Parade_of_Lights_2017_15_-_39114099902.jpg/220px-Parade_of_Lights_2017_15_-_39114099902.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Parade_of_Lights_2017_15_-_39114099902.jpg/220px-Parade_of_Lights_2017_15_-_39114099902.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Parade_of_Lights_2017_15_-_39114099902.jpg/330px-Parade_of_Lights_2017_15_-_39114099902.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Parade_of_Lights_2017_15_-_39114099902.jpg/440px-Parade_of_Lights_2017_15_-_39114099902.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>San Diego Parade of Lights</figcaption></figure> Due to the ratio of U.S. and Mexican-licensed stations, San Diego is the largest <a href="/wiki/Media_market" title="Media market">media market</a> in the United States that is legally unable to support a <a href="/wiki/Duopoly_(broadcasting)" title="Duopoly (broadcasting)">television station duopoly</a> between two full-power stations under <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">FCC</a> regulations, which disallow duopolies in metropolitan areas with fewer than nine full-power television stations and require that there would be eight unique station owners that remain once a duopoly is formed (there are only seven full-power stations on the California side of the San Diego-Tijuana market).<a href="#cite_note-237">[233]</a> Though the <a href="/wiki/E._W._Scripps_Company" title="E. W. Scripps Company">E. W. Scripps Company</a> owns KGTV and KZSD-LP, they are not considered a duopoly under the FCC's legal definition as common ownership between full-power and <a href="/wiki/Low-power_broadcasting" title="Low-power broadcasting">low-power</a> television stations in the same market is permitted regardless of the number of stations licensed to the area. As a whole, the Mexico side of the San Diego-Tijuana market has two duopolies and one triopoly (<a href="/wiki/Entravision_Communications" title="Entravision Communications">Entravision Communications</a> owns both <a href="/wiki/XHAS-TV" class="mw-redirect" title="XHAS-TV">XHAS-TV</a> and XHDTV-TV, <a href="/wiki/Azteca_(multimedia_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Azteca (multimedia company)">Azteca</a> owns <a href="/wiki/XHJK-TV" class="mw-redirect" title="XHJK-TV">XHJK-TV</a> and <a href="/wiki/XHTIT-TV" class="mw-redirect" title="XHTIT-TV">XHTIT-TV</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Televisa" title="Televisa">Grupo Televisa</a> owns <a href="/wiki/XHUAA-TV" class="mw-redirect" title="XHUAA-TV">XHUAA-TV</a> and <a href="/wiki/XEWT-TDT" title="XEWT-TDT">XEWT-TV</a> along with being the license holder for XETV-TV, which was formerly managed by California-based subsidiary <a href="/wiki/Bay_City_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Bay City Television">Bay City Television</a>). San Diego's television market is limited to only <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_County" class="mw-redirect" title="San Diego County">San Diego County</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Imperial_County,_California" title="Imperial County, California">Imperial Valley</a>, including <a href="/wiki/El_Centro" class="mw-redirect" title="El Centro">El Centro</a>, is in the <a href="/wiki/Yuma,_Arizona" title="Yuma, Arizona">Yuma, Arizona</a>, television market while neighboring <a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_California" title="Orange County, California">Orange</a> and <a href="/wiki/Riverside_County,_California" title="Riverside County, California">Riverside</a> counties are part of the Los Angeles market. (Sometimes, in the past, a missing network affiliate in the Imperial Valley would be available on cable TV from San Diego.) As a result, San Diego is the largest single-county media market in the United States. The radio stations in San Diego include nationwide broadcaster <a href="/wiki/IHeartMedia" title="IHeartMedia">iHeartMedia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Audacy,_Inc." title="Audacy, Inc.">Audacy, Inc.</a>, Local Media San Diego, and many other smaller stations and networks. Stations include: <a href="/wiki/KOGO_(AM)" title="KOGO (AM)">KOGO AM 600</a>, <a href="/wiki/KGB_(AM)" title="KGB (AM)">KGB AM 760</a>, <a href="/wiki/KCEO" title="KCEO">KCEO AM 1000</a>, <a href="/wiki/KCBQ" title="KCBQ">KCBQ AM 1170</a>, <a href="/wiki/KPRZ" title="KPRZ">K-Praise</a>, <a href="/wiki/KLSD" title="KLSD">KLSD AM 1360</a>, <a href="/wiki/KFSD" title="KFSD">KFSD 1450 AM</a>, <a href="/wiki/KPBS-FM" title="KPBS-FM">KPBS-FM</a> 89.5, <a href="/wiki/KHTS-FM" title="KHTS-FM">Channel 933</a>, <a href="/wiki/KMYI" title="KMYI">Star 94.1</a>, <a href="/wiki/KBZT" title="KBZT">FM 94/9</a>, <a href="/wiki/KSSX" title="KSSX">FM News and Talk 95.7</a>, <a href="/wiki/KYDO" title="KYDO">Q96</a> 96.1, <a href="/wiki/KYXY" title="KYXY">KyXy</a> 96.5, <a href="/wiki/Free_Radio_San_Diego" title="Free Radio San Diego">Free Radio San Diego</a> (AKA <a href="/wiki/Pirate_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Pirate Radio">Pirate Radio</a> San Diego) 96.9FM FRSD, <a href="/wiki/KWFN" title="KWFN">KWFN</a> 97.3, <a href="/wiki/KXSN" title="KXSN">KXSN</a> 98.1, <a href="/wiki/KFBG_(FM)" title="KFBG (FM)">Big-FM 100.7</a>, 101.5 <a href="/wiki/KGB-FM" title="KGB-FM">KGB-FM</a>, <a href="/wiki/KLVJ_(FM)" title="KLVJ (FM)">KLVJ</a> 102.1, <a href="/wiki/KSON_(FM)" title="KSON (FM)">KSON</a> 103.7, <a href="/wiki/KIOZ" title="KIOZ">Rock 105.3</a>, and another <a href="/wiki/Pirate_Radio" class="mw-redirect" title="Pirate Radio">Pirate Radio</a> station at 106.9FM, as well as a number of local Spanish-language radio stations. </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(11)"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Infrastructure" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-11 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-11"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transportation">Transportation</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Transportation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_San_Diego" title="Transportation in San Diego">Transportation in San Diego</a> and <a href="/wiki/Streets_and_highways_of_San_Diego" class="mw-redirect" title="Streets and highways of San Diego">Streets and highways of San Diego</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Union_Station,_San_Diego_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Union_Station%2C_San_Diego_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Union_Station%2C_San_Diego_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="5803" data-file-height="4661"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 177px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Union_Station%2C_San_Diego_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Union_Station%2C_San_Diego_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="177" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Union_Station%2C_San_Diego_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Union_Station%2C_San_Diego_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Union_Station%2C_San_Diego_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Union_Station%2C_San_Diego_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_Depot_(San_Diego)" title="Santa Fe Depot (San Diego)">Santa Fe Depot</a> is served by <a href="/wiki/Amtrak_California" title="Amtrak California">Amtrak California</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coaster_(rail_service)" title="Coaster (rail service)">Coaster</a> trains.</figcaption></figure> With the automobile being the primary means of transportation for over 80 percent of residents, San Diego is served by a network of freeways and highways. This includes <a href="/wiki/Interstate_5_in_California" title="Interstate 5 in California">Interstate 5</a>, which runs south to <a href="/wiki/Tijuana" title="Tijuana">Tijuana</a> and north to Los Angeles; <a href="/wiki/Interstate_8" title="Interstate 8">Interstate 8</a>, which runs east to <a href="/wiki/Imperial_County,_California" title="Imperial County, California">Imperial County</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Arizona_Sun_Corridor" title="Arizona Sun Corridor">Arizona Sun Corridor</a>; Interstate 15, which runs northeast through the <a href="/wiki/Inland_Empire" title="Inland Empire">Inland Empire</a> to <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas" title="Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Interstate_805" title="Interstate 805">Interstate 805</a>, which splits from I-5 near the Mexican border and rejoins I-5 at <a href="/wiki/Sorrento_Valley,_San_Diego" title="Sorrento Valley, San Diego">Sorrento Valley</a>. Major state highways include <a href="/wiki/California_State_Route_94" title="California State Route 94">SR 94</a>, which connects downtown with I-805, I-15 and <a href="/wiki/East_County,_San_Diego" title="East County, San Diego">East County</a>; <a href="/wiki/California_State_Route_163" title="California State Route 163">SR 163</a>, which connects downtown with the northeast part of the city, intersects I-805 and merges with I-15 at <a href="/wiki/Miramar,_San_Diego" title="Miramar, San Diego">Miramar</a>; <a href="/wiki/California_State_Route_52" title="California State Route 52">SR 52</a>, which connects La Jolla with <a href="/wiki/East_County,_San_Diego" title="East County, San Diego">East County</a> through <a href="/wiki/Santee,_California" title="Santee, California">Santee</a> and <a href="/wiki/California_State_Route_125" title="California State Route 125">SR 125</a>; <a href="/wiki/California_State_Route_56" title="California State Route 56">SR 56</a>, which connects I-5 with I-15 through <a href="/wiki/Carmel_Valley,_San_Diego" title="Carmel Valley, San Diego">Carmel Valley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rancho_Pe%C3%B1asquitos,_San_Diego" title="Rancho Peñasquitos, San Diego">Rancho Peñasquitos</a>; <a href="/wiki/California_State_Route_75" title="California State Route 75">SR 75</a>, which spans <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Bay" title="San Diego Bay">San Diego Bay</a> as the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego%E2%80%93Coronado_Bridge" title="San Diego–Coronado Bridge">San Diego–Coronado Bridge</a>, and also passes through <a href="/wiki/South_San_Diego" title="South San Diego">South San Diego</a> as Palm Avenue; and <a href="/wiki/California_State_Route_905" title="California State Route 905">SR 905</a>, which connects I-5 and I-805 to the <a href="/wiki/Otay_Mesa_Port_of_Entry" title="Otay Mesa Port of Entry">Otay Mesa Port of Entry</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MTSgreenline-convctr_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/MTSgreenline-convctr_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-MTSgreenline-convctr_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2711" data-file-height="1976"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 160px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/MTSgreenline-convctr_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-MTSgreenline-convctr_%28cropped%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="160" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/MTSgreenline-convctr_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-MTSgreenline-convctr_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/MTSgreenline-convctr_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-MTSgreenline-convctr_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Trolley" title="San Diego Trolley">San Diego Trolley</a> is operated by the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Metropolitan_Transit_System" title="San Diego Metropolitan Transit System">S.D. Metropolitan Transit System</a>.</figcaption></figure> The stretch of SR 163 that passes through Balboa Park is San Diego's oldest freeway, dating back to 1948 when it was part of <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_80_in_California" title="U.S. Route 80 in California">US 80</a> and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_395_in_California" title="U.S. Route 395 in California">US 395</a>. It has been called one of America's most beautiful parkways.<a href="#cite_note-238">[234]</a> San Diego's roadway system provides an extensive network of cycle routes. Its dry and mild climate makes cycling a convenient year-round option; however, the city's hilly terrain and long average trip distances make cycling less practicable. Older and denser neighborhoods around the downtown tend to be oriented to <a href="/wiki/Utility_cycling" title="Utility cycling">utility cycling</a>. This is partly because the grid street patterns are now absent in newer developments farther from the urban core, where suburban-style arterial roads are much more common. As a result, the majority of cycling is recreational. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CBX_exterior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/CBX_exterior.jpg/220px-CBX_exterior.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2734"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 149px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/CBX_exterior.jpg/220px-CBX_exterior.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="149" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/CBX_exterior.jpg/330px-CBX_exterior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/CBX_exterior.jpg/440px-CBX_exterior.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Cross_Border_Xpress" title="Cross Border Xpress">Cross Border Xpress</a>, also known as the Puerta de <a href="/wiki/Las_Californias" class="mw-redirect" title="Las Californias">las Californias</a>, connects San Diego to <a href="/wiki/Tijuana_International_Airport" title="Tijuana International Airport">Tijuana International Airport</a> in <a href="/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California">Baja California</a>.</figcaption></figure> San Diego is served by the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Trolley" title="San Diego Trolley">San Diego Trolley</a> light rail system,<a href="#cite_note-SD-Trolley-239">[235]</a> by the <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Metropolitan_Transit_System" title="San Diego Metropolitan Transit System">SDMTS bus system</a>,<a href="#cite_note-240">[236]</a> private <a href="/wiki/Share_taxi#United_States" title="Share taxi">jitneys</a> in some neighborhoods,<a href="#cite_note-241">[237]</a> and by <a href="/wiki/Coaster_(rail_service)" title="Coaster (rail service)">Coaster</a><a href="#cite_note-Coaster-242">[238]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Surfliner" title="Pacific Surfliner">Pacific Surfliner</a><a href="#cite_note-Surfliner-243">[239]</a> commuter rail; northern <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_County,_California" title="San Diego County, California">San Diego County</a> is also served by the <a href="/wiki/Sprinter_(rail_service)" title="Sprinter (rail service)">Sprinter</a> hybrid rail service.<a href="#cite_note-244">[240]</a> The trolley primarily serves downtown and surrounding urban communities, <a href="/wiki/Mission_Valley,_San_Diego,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Mission Valley, San Diego, California">Mission Valley</a>, east county, and coastal south bay. A mid-coast extension of the trolley operates from <a href="/wiki/Old_Town,_San_Diego,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Town, San Diego, California">Old Town</a> to <a href="/wiki/University_City,_San_Diego,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="University City, San Diego, California">University City</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Diego" title="University of California, San Diego">University of California, San Diego</a> along <a href="/wiki/Interstate_5" title="Interstate 5">Interstate 5</a> since November 2021. The Amtrak and Coaster trains currently run along the coastline and connect San Diego with Los Angeles, Orange County, Riverside, San Bernardino, and Ventura via <a href="/wiki/Metrolink_(California)" title="Metrolink (California)">Metrolink</a> and the Pacific Surfliner. There are two Amtrak stations in San Diego, in <a href="/wiki/Old_Town_Transit_Center" title="Old Town Transit Center">Old Town</a> and <a href="/wiki/Santa_Fe_Depot_(San_Diego)" title="Santa Fe Depot (San Diego)">Santa Fe Depot</a> downtown. San Diego transit information about public transportation and commuting is available on the Web and by dialing "<a href="/wiki/5-1-1" title="5-1-1">511</a>" from any phone in the area.<a href="#cite_note-245">[241]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Diego_International_Airport_(KSAN)_Terminal_2_(upper_deck)_-_August_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/San_Diego_International_Airport_%28KSAN%29_Terminal_2_%28upper_deck%29_-_August_2018.jpg/220px-San_Diego_International_Airport_%28KSAN%29_Terminal_2_%28upper_deck%29_-_August_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/San_Diego_International_Airport_%28KSAN%29_Terminal_2_%28upper_deck%29_-_August_2018.jpg/220px-San_Diego_International_Airport_%28KSAN%29_Terminal_2_%28upper_deck%29_-_August_2018.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/San_Diego_International_Airport_%28KSAN%29_Terminal_2_%28upper_deck%29_-_August_2018.jpg/330px-San_Diego_International_Airport_%28KSAN%29_Terminal_2_%28upper_deck%29_-_August_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/San_Diego_International_Airport_%28KSAN%29_Terminal_2_%28upper_deck%29_-_August_2018.jpg/440px-San_Diego_International_Airport_%28KSAN%29_Terminal_2_%28upper_deck%29_-_August_2018.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_International_Airport" title="San Diego International Airport">San Diego International Airport</a></figcaption></figure> The city has two major commercial airports within or near its city limits. <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_International_Airport" title="San Diego International Airport">San Diego International Airport</a> (SAN) is the busiest single-runway airport in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-FAAresign-246">[242]</a><a href="#cite_note-247">[243]</a> It served over 24 million passengers in 2018 and is dealing with larger numbers every year.<a href="#cite_note-248">[244]</a> It is located on San Diego Bay, three miles (4.8 km) from downtown, and maintains scheduled flights to the rest of the United States (including Hawaii), as well as to Canada, Germany, Mexico, Japan, and the United Kingdom. It is operated by an independent agency, the San Diego Regional Airport Authority. <a href="/wiki/Tijuana_International_Airport" title="Tijuana International Airport">Tijuana International Airport</a> has a terminal within the city limits in the <a href="/wiki/Otay_Mesa" class="mw-redirect" title="Otay Mesa">Otay Mesa</a> district connected to the rest of the airport in <a href="/wiki/Tijuana,_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Tijuana, Mexico">Tijuana, Mexico</a>, via the <a href="/wiki/Cross_Border_Xpress" title="Cross Border Xpress">Cross Border Xpress</a> cross-border footbridge. It is the primary airport for flights to the rest of Mexico, and offers connections via Mexico City to the rest of Latin America. In addition, the city has two general-aviation airports, <a href="/wiki/Montgomery-Gibbs_Executive_Airport" title="Montgomery-Gibbs Executive Airport">Montgomery-Gibbs Executive Airport</a> (MYF) and <a href="/wiki/Brown_Field_Municipal_Airport" title="Brown Field Municipal Airport">Brown Field Municipal Airport</a> (SDM).<a href="#cite_note-249">[245]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2012_Festival_of_Sail_934278934983.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/2012_Festival_of_Sail_934278934983.jpg/220px-2012_Festival_of_Sail_934278934983.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/2012_Festival_of_Sail_934278934983.jpg/220px-2012_Festival_of_Sail_934278934983.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/2012_Festival_of_Sail_934278934983.jpg/330px-2012_Festival_of_Sail_934278934983.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/2012_Festival_of_Sail_934278934983.jpg/440px-2012_Festival_of_Sail_934278934983.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Bay" title="San Diego Bay">San Diego Bay</a> Festival of Sail</figcaption></figure> Recent regional transportation projects have sought to mitigate congestion, including improvements to local freeways, expansion of San Diego Airport, and doubling the capacity of the cruise ship terminal. Freeway projects included expansion of Interstates 5 and 805 around "The Merge" where these two freeways meet, as well as expansion of Interstate 15 through North County, which includes new <a href="/wiki/High-occupancy_vehicle_lane" title="High-occupancy vehicle lane">HOV "managed lanes"</a>. A tollway (the southern portion of SR 125, known as the South Bay Expressway) connects SR 54 and Otay Mesa, near the Mexican border. According to an assessment in 2007, 37 percent of city streets were in acceptable condition. However, the proposed budget fell $84.6 million short of bringing streets up to an acceptable level.<a href="#cite_note-37perStreets-250">[246]</a> Expansion at the port has included a second cruise terminal on <a href="/wiki/Broadway_Pier,_San_Diego" title="Broadway Pier, San Diego">Broadway Pier</a>, opened in 2010. Airport projects include the expansion of Terminal Two.<a href="#cite_note-251">[247]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Utilities">Utilities</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Utilities" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Water is supplied to residents by the Water Department of the City of San Diego. The city receives most of its water from the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Water_District_of_Southern_California" title="Metropolitan Water District of Southern California">Metropolitan Water District of Southern California</a>, which brings water to the region from the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers, via the state project and the Colorado River, via the Colorado Aqueduct.<a href="#cite_note-252">[248]</a> Gas and electric utilities are provided by <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Gas_%26_Electric" title="San Diego Gas & Electric">San Diego Gas & Electric</a>, a division of <a href="/wiki/Sempra_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Sempra Energy">Sempra Energy</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify">further explanation needed</a>] The company provides energy service to 3.7 million people through 1.5 million electric meters and 900,000 natural gas meters in San Diego and southern Orange counties.<a href="#cite_note-253">[249]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Street_lights">Street lights</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Street lights" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sandiego_gaslampquarter_(cropped).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Sandiego_gaslampquarter_%28cropped%29.JPG/220px-Sandiego_gaslampquarter_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2050" data-file-height="1644"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 176px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Sandiego_gaslampquarter_%28cropped%29.JPG/220px-Sandiego_gaslampquarter_%28cropped%29.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="176" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Sandiego_gaslampquarter_%28cropped%29.JPG/330px-Sandiego_gaslampquarter_%28cropped%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Sandiego_gaslampquarter_%28cropped%29.JPG/440px-Sandiego_gaslampquarter_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Street lights in the <a href="/wiki/Gaslamp_Quarter" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaslamp Quarter">Gaslamp Quarter</a></figcaption></figure> In the mid-20th century the city had <a href="/wiki/Mercury_vapor" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercury vapor">mercury vapor</a> street lamps. In 1978, the city decided to replace them with more efficient <a href="/wiki/Sodium_vapor" class="mw-redirect" title="Sodium vapor">sodium vapor</a> lamps. This triggered an outcry from <a href="/wiki/Astronomer" title="Astronomer">astronomers</a> at <a href="/wiki/Palomar_Observatory" title="Palomar Observatory">Palomar Observatory</a> 60 miles (100 km) north of the city, concerned that the new lamps would increase <a href="/wiki/Light_pollution" title="Light pollution">light pollution</a> and hinder astronomical observation.<a href="#cite_note-254">[250]</a> The city altered its lighting regulations to limit light pollution within 30 miles (50 km) of Palomar.<a href="#cite_note-255">[251]</a> In 2011, the city announced plans to upgrade 80% of its street lighting to new energy-efficient lights that use <a href="/wiki/Electrodeless_lamp" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrodeless lamp">induction technology</a>, a modified form of <a href="/wiki/Fluorescent_lamp" title="Fluorescent lamp">fluorescent lamp</a> producing a broader spectrum than sodium vapor lamps. The new system is predicted to save $2.2 million per year in energy and maintenance.<a href="#cite_note-install-256">[252]</a> The city stated the changes would "make our neighborhoods safer."<a href="#cite_note-install-256">[252]</a> They also increase <a href="/wiki/Light_pollution" title="Light pollution">light pollution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-257">[253]</a> In 2014, San Diego announced plans to become the first U.S. city to install cyber-controlled street lighting, using an "intelligent" lighting system to control 3,000 <a href="/wiki/LED" class="mw-redirect" title="LED">LED</a> street lights.<a href="#cite_note-258">[254]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(12)"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Notable people" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-12 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-12"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_San_Diego" title="List of people from San Diego">List of people from San Diego</a></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(13)"><h2 id="Sister_cities">Sister cities</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Sister cities" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-13 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-13"> San Diego's <a href="/wiki/Sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Sister cities">sister cities</a> are:<a href="#cite_note-259">[255]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Alcal%C3%A1_de_Henares" title="Alcalá de Henares">Alcalá de Henares</a>, Spain (est. 1982)</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 22px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="22" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Campinas" title="Campinas">Campinas</a>, Brazil (est. 1995)</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Philippines.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Cavite_City" title="Cavite City">Cavite City</a>, Philippines (est. 1969)</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Flag_of_Scotland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Scotland.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>, Scotland (est. 1977)</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Taliban.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Jalalabad" title="Jalalabad">Jalalabad</a>, Afghanistan (est. 2004)</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Jeonju" title="Jeonju">Jeonju</a>, South Korea (est. 1983)</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n,_Guanajuato" title="León, Guanajuato">León</a>, Mexico (est. 1969)</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/23px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/23px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/35px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/45px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Panama_City" title="Panama City">Panama City</a>, Panama (est. 2015)</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 12px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="12" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/City_of_Perth" title="City of Perth">Perth</a>, Australia (est. 1986)</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Taichung" title="Taichung">Taichung</a>, Taiwan (est. 1983)</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Ghana.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ghana.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Tema" title="Tema">Tema</a>, Ghana (est. 1976)</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 13px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="13" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Tijuana" title="Tijuana">Tijuana</a>, Mexico (est. 1993)</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Vladivostok" title="Vladivostok">Vladivostok</a>, Russia (est. 1991)</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="800"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/12/Flag_of_Poland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Poland.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>, Poland (est. 1996)</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Yantai" title="Yantai">Yantai</a>, China (est. 1985)</li> <li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 23px;height: 15px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="23" data-height="15" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Yokohama" title="Yokohama">Yokohama</a>, Japan (est. 1957)</li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(14)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-14 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-14"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USS_San_Diego" title="USS San Diego">USS San Diego</a>, 4 ships</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(15)"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-15 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-15"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> MLB, NFL, NBA, and the NHL are commonly referred to as the "Big Four". </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(16)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-16 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-16"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-12-25-vw-21243-story.html">"WHO DECIDED . . . ? : . . . 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Los Angeles: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology at UCLA. 2002. p. 30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-938770-67-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-938770-67-8"><bdi>978-1-938770-67-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/745176510">745176510</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catalysts+to+complexity%3A+late+Holocene+societies+of+the+California+coast&rft.place=Los+Angeles&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=Cotsen+Institute+of+Archaeology+at+UCLA&rft.date=2002&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F745176510&rft.isbn=978-1-938770-67-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Diego" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHigh2007" class="citation book cs1">High, Gary and Jerri-Ann Jacobs High Tech (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w48Ivy4JCQ8C">San Diego Bay: A Story of Exploitation and Restoration</a>. California Sea Grant College Program. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-888691-17-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-888691-17-7"><bdi>978-1-888691-17-7</bdi></a>. <q>The Kumeyaay could have derived from the San Dieguito or they may have arrived from the desert around 1000 C.E.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=San+Diego+Bay%3A+A+Story+of+Exploitation+and+Restoration&rft.pub=California+Sea+Grant+College+Program&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-888691-17-7&rft.aulast=High&rft.aufirst=Gary+and+Jerri-Ann+Jacobs+High+Tech&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw48Ivy4JCQ8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Diego" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_25-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLovelessLinton2020" class="citation book cs1">Loveless, R.; Linton, B. (2020). "Culturally Sensitive and Scientifically Sound". Ethical approaches to human remains: a global challenge in bioarchaeology and forensic anthropology. Kirsty Squires, David Errickson, Nicholas Márquez-Grant. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature. pp. 419–420. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-030-32926-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-030-32926-6"><bdi>978-3-030-32926-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1135205590">1135205590</a>. <q>He created a sequence of cultural periods... the San Dieguito Complex and La Jolla Complex... suggested that... [they were] mutually exclusive and not associated with the ancestral populations of the contemporary Kumeyaay. The problem with Rogers' hypothesis is that it did not account for cultural evolution... Rogers' theories were, and continue to be, a popular paradigm... At the end of his career, Rogers re-evaluated his original conclusions regarding the cultural groups he had established...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Culturally+Sensitive+and+Scientifically+Sound&rft.btitle=Ethical+approaches+to+human+remains%3A+a+global+challenge+in+bioarchaeology+and+forensic+anthropology&rft.place=Cham%2C+Switzerland&rft.pages=419-420&rft.pub=Springer+Nature&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1135205590&rft.isbn=978-3-030-32926-6&rft.aulast=Loveless&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.au=Linton%2C+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Diego" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_26-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305235655/http://cosoy.org/History.html">"Kosa'aay (Cosoy) History"</a>. www.cosoy.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cosoy.org/History.html">the original</a> on March 5, 2016. Retrieved August 27, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cosoy.org&rft.atitle=Kosa%27aay+%28Cosoy%29+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cosoy.org%2FHistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Diego" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090505173316/http://www.sandiegohistory.org/bio/cabrillo/cabrillo.htm">"San Diego Historical Society"</a>. Sandiegohistory.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sandiegohistory.org/bio/cabrillo/cabrillo.htm">the original</a> on May 5, 2009. 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Journal of San Diego History. 22 (4).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+San+Diego+History&rft.atitle=San+Diego%3A+The+Saint+and+the+City&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Ide&rft.aufirst=Arthur+Frederick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sandiegohistory.org%2Fjournal%2F76fall%2Fsaint.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Diego" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151224204925/https://www.sandiegohistory.org/timeline/timeline1.htm">"San Diego Historical Society:Timeline of San Diego history"</a>. Sandiegohistory.org. 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Retrieved August 27, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=San+Diego+History+Center+%7C+San+Diego%2C+CA+%7C+Our+City%2C+Our+Story&rft.atitle=Sociopolitical+Aspects+of+the+1775+Revolt+at+Mission+San+Diego+de+Alcala&rft.aulast=Carrico&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsandiegohistory.org%2Fjournal%2F1997%2Fjuly%2Fmissionrevolt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Diego" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100610233845/http://www.missionscalifornia.com/keyfacts/san-diego-de-alcala.html">"Keyfacts"</a>. missionscalifornia.com. 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Retrieved July 1, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mission+San+Diego&rft.pub=Mission+San+Diego&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.missionsandiego.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Diego" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721183215/http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceID=130&resourceType=Site">"National Park Service, National Historical Landmarks Program: San Diego Presidio"</a>. Tps.cr.nps.gov. October 10, 1960. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceID=130&resourceType=Site">the original</a> on July 21, 2011. Retrieved May 4, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Park+Service%2C+National+Historical+Landmarks+Program%3A+San+Diego+Presidio&rft.pub=Tps.cr.nps.gov&rft.date=1960-10-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftps.cr.nps.gov%2Fnhl%2Fdetail.cfm%3FResourceID%3D130%26resourceType%3DSite&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Diego" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151224204925/https://www.sandiegohistory.org/timeline/timeline1.htm">"Timeline of San Diego History | San Diego History Center"</a>. December 24, 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sandiegohistory.org/timeline/timeline1.htm">the original</a> on December 24, 2015. Retrieved August 7, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Timeline+of+San+Diego+History+%7C+San+Diego+History+Center&rft.date=2015-12-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sandiegohistory.org%2Ftimeline%2Ftimeline1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Diego" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> Connolly, Mike. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kumeyaay.com/kumeyaay-the-mexican-period.html">"Kumeyaay – The Mexican Period"</a>. kumeyaay.com. </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBean1973" class="citation book cs1">Bean, Walton (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/californiainterp00bean/page/74">California: An Interpretive History</a> (Second ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/californiainterp00bean/page/74">74–76</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-07-004224-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-07-004224-7"><bdi>978-0-07-004224-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=California%3A+An+Interpretive+History&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=74-76&rft.edition=Second&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0-07-004224-7&rft.aulast=Bean&rft.aufirst=Walton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcaliforniainterp00bean%2Fpage%2F74&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Diego" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriswold_del_Castillo2003" class="citation web cs1">Griswold del Castillo, Richard (Winter 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sandiegohistory.org/journal/2003/january/war-2/">"The U.S.-Mexican War in San Diego, 1846–1847"</a>. San Diego Historical Society Quarterly.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=San+Diego+Historical+Society+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+U.S.-Mexican+War+in+San+Diego%2C+1846%E2%80%931847&rft.ssn=winter&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Griswold+del+Castillo&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsandiegohistory.org%2Fjournal%2F2003%2Fjanuary%2Fwar-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Diego" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGriswold_de_Castillo1990">Griswold de Castillo 1990</a>, p. 39 </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140505220356/http://www.sandiego.gov/city-clerk/aboutus/history.shtml">"A History of San Diego Government"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sandiego.gov/planning/community/pdf/cpc/agendas/attachments/outdoorlighting.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on September 24, 2015. 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Retrieved January 30, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=San+Diego+Gay+%26+Lesbian+News&rft.atitle=San+Diego+to+install+brighter%2C+more+efficient+streetlights&rft.date=2011-09-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sdgln.com%2Fnews%2F2011%2F09%2F19%2Fsan-diego-install-brighter-more-efficient-streetlights&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Diego" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sandiego.gov/street-div/services/electrical/strlight.shtml">City of San Diego official website, "Street Division: Electrical Street Lights"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140221083431/http://www.sandiego.gov/street-div/services/electrical/strlight.shtml">Archived</a> February 21, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Retrieved February 15, 2014 </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140202175840/http://dailyfusion.net/2014/01/san-diego-to-link-street-lights-to-industrial-internet-26286/">"San Diego to Link Street Lights to Industrial Internet"</a>. Daily Fusion. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dailyfusion.net/2014/01/san-diego-to-link-street-lights-to-industrial-internet-26286/">the original</a> on February 2, 2014. Retrieved January 30, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Fusion&rft.atitle=San+Diego+to+Link+Street+Lights+to+Industrial+Internet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdailyfusion.net%2F2014%2F01%2Fsan-diego-to-link-street-lights-to-industrial-internet-26286%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Diego" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sandisca.org/sister-cities/">"Our Sister Cities"</a>. San Diego International Sister Cities Association. Retrieved July 19, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+Sister+Cities&rft.pub=San+Diego+International+Sister+Cities+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sandisca.org%2Fsister-cities%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Diego" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_sources">General sources</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: General sources" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEngstrand2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Iris_Engstrand" title="Iris Engstrand">Engstrand, Iris Wilson</a> (May 30, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p1rvnQEACAAJ">San Diego: California's Cornerstone</a>. Sunbelt Publications, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-932653-72-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-932653-72-7"><bdi>978-0-932653-72-7</bdi></a>. Retrieved January 14, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=San+Diego%3A+California%27s+Cornerstone&rft.pub=Sunbelt+Publications%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2005-05-30&rft.isbn=978-0-932653-72-7&rft.aulast=Engstrand&rft.aufirst=Iris+Wilson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp1rvnQEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Diego" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriswold_de_Castillo1990" class="citation book cs1">Griswold de Castillo, Richard (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p_T9BS3hHzkC&q=%22San+Diego%22+%22Guadalupe+Hidalgo%22&pg=PA39">The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: A Legacy of Conflict</a>. University of Oklahoma Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-2478-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-2478-0"><bdi>978-0-8061-2478-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Treaty+of+Guadalupe+Hidalgo%3A+A+Legacy+of+Conflict&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-8061-2478-0&rft.aulast=Griswold+de+Castillo&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp_T9BS3hHzkC%26q%3D%2522San%2BDiego%2522%2B%2522Guadalupe%2BHidalgo%2522%26pg%3DPA39&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASan+Diego" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(17)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-17 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-17"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> San Diego at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/San_Diego" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/San Diego">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" 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data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/San_Diego" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/San Diego">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 26px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="26" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/San_Diego" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/San Diego">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 22px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="22" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/San_Diego" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/San Diego">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 27px;height: 27px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="27" data-height="27" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/San_Diego" class="extiw" title="voy:San Diego">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sandiego.gov/">Official website</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16552#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><noscript><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 10px;height: 10px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" data-alt="Edit this at Wikidata" data-width="10" data-height="10" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ccdc.com/">Civic San Diego</a> (replaced redevelopment corporations)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sandag.org/">SANDAG, San Diego's Regional Planning Agency</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045215/0666000">Demographic Fact Sheet</a> from <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">Census Bureau</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sandiegohistory.org/">San Diego Historical Society</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sandiegounified.org">San Diego Unified School District</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sandiego.gov/public-library">San Diego Public Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sandiego.org/">San Diego Tourism Authority (formerly the San Diego Convention and Visitors Bureau)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output 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.portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/19px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 19px;height: 19px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/19px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" data-alt="map" data-width="19" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/29px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/38px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Portal:North_America" title="Portal:North America">North America</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 11px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" data-alt="flag" data-width="21" data-height="11" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/21px-Flag_of_California.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 21px;height: 14px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/21px-Flag_of_California.svg.png" data-alt="flag" data-width="21" data-height="14" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/32px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/42px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Portal:California" title="Portal:California">California</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/19px-COL-city_icon.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 19px;height: 19px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/19px-COL-city_icon.png" data-alt="" data-width="19" data-height="19" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/29px-COL-city_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/38px-COL-city_icon.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Portal:Cities" title="Portal:Cities">Cities</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&oldid=1259806278">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&oldid=1259806278</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=San_Diego&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 27 November 2024, at 04:03 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%B3%E1%8A%95%E1%8B%B2%E1%8B%A8%E1%8C%8E" title="ሳንዲየጎ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሳንዲየጎ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C4%81lgadidacus" title="Hālgadidacus – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Hālgadidacus" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%BA%D9%88" title="سان دييغو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سان دييغو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego_(California)" title="San Diego (California) – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="San Diego (California)" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/San-Dieqo" title="San-Dieqo – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="San-Dieqo" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%82%D9%88" title="سان دیقو – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سان دیقو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Di%C3%A9go" title="San Diégo – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="San Diégo" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B" title="স্যান ডিয়েগো – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্যান ডিয়েগো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%94%D1%8B%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Сан-Дыега – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сан-Дыега" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%94%D1%8B%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Сан-Дыега – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сан-Дыега" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE" title="Сан Диего – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сан Диего" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego_(Kalifornia)" title="San Diego (Kalifornia) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="San Diego (Kalifornia)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE" title="Сан-Диего – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сан-Диего" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego_(kapital_sa_kondado_sa_Tinipong_Bansa,_California)" title="San Diego (kapital sa kondado sa Tinipong Bansa, California) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="San Diego (kapital sa kondado sa Tinipong Bansa, California)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B3bin%C3%ADh%C3%AD%C3%ADy%C3%ADn%C3%AD_(kin_haal%CA%BC%C3%A1)" title="Tóbiníhííyíní (kin haalʼá) – Navajo" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Tóbiníhííyíní (kin haalʼá)" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="Navajo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Diné bizaad</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%BD_%CE%9D%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%AD%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%BF" title="Σαν Ντιέγκο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σαν Ντιέγκο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego_(California)" title="San Diego (California) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="San Diego (California)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/San-Diego" title="San-Diego – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="San-Diego" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego_(Kalifornia)" title="San Diego (Kalifornia) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="San Diego (Kalifornia)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%88" title="سن دیگو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سن دیگو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego,_California" title="San Diego, California – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="San Diego, California" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego,_Calaf%C3%B2rnia" title="San Diego, Calafòrnia – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="San Diego, Calafòrnia" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%9C%B0%E7%89%99%E5%93%A5_(%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E7%A6%8F%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="聖地牙哥 (加利福尼亞州) – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="聖地牙哥 (加利福尼亞州)" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%8A%DA%AF%D8%A4" title="سن ديگؤ – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="سن ديگؤ" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">گیلکی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%8C%EB%94%94%EC%97%90%EA%B3%A0" title="샌디에고 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="샌디에고" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D4%B4%D5%AB%D5%A5%D5%A3%D5%B8" title="Սան Դիեգո – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սան Դիեգո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B" title="सैन डिएगो – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सैन डिएगो" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego,_Kalifornija" title="San Diego, Kalifornija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="San Diego, Kalifornija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego,_California" title="San Diego, California – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="San Diego, California" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE" title="Сан-Диего – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Сан-Диего" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%9F_%D7%93%D7%99%D7%99%D7%92%D7%95" title="סן דייגו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סן דייגו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego,_California" title="San Diego, California – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="San Diego, California" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C-%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D" title="სან-დიეგო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სან-დიეგო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE" title="Сан-Диего – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сан-Диего" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego,_Kaliforni" title="San Diego, Kaliforni – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="San Diego, Kaliforni" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego,_California" title="San Diego, California – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="San Diego, California" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego,_Kalif%C3%B2ni" title="San Diego, Kalifòni – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="San Diego, Kalifòni" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE" title="Сан-Диего – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Сан-Диего" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego_(Kalifornia)" title="San Diego (Kalifornia) – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="San Diego (Kalifornia)" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didacopolis" title="Didacopolis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Didacopolis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandjego" title="Sandjego – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sandjego" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diegas" title="San Diegas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="San Diegas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego_(California)" title="San Diego (California) – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="San Diego (California)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego_(Kalifornia)" title="San Diego (Kalifornia) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="San Diego (Kalifornia)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE" title="Сан Диего – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Сан Диего" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8B" title="സാൻ ഡിയേഗോ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സാൻ ഡിയേഗോ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego,_Karap%C5%8Dnia" title="San Diego, Karapōnia – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="San Diego, Karapōnia" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B" title="सॅन डियेगो – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सॅन डियेगो" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C-%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D" title="სან-დიეგო – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სან-დიეგო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%88" title="سان دييجو – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سان دييجو" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C%DA%AF%D9%88" title="سن دیگو – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="سن دیگو" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE" title="Сан-Диего – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Сан-Диего" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego_(Californi%C3%AB)" title="San Diego (Californië) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="San Diego (Californië)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B,_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="स्यान डिएगो, क्यालिफोर्निया – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="स्यान डिएगो, क्यालिफोर्निया" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A8%E3%82%B4" title="サンディエゴ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サンディエゴ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE" title="Сан-Диего – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Сан-Диего" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego_(California)" title="San Diego (California) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="San Diego (California)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%8F%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8B" title="ਸਾਨ ਦੀਏਗੋ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਾਨ ਦੀਏਗੋ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%AF%D9%88" title="سان ڈیاگو – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سان ڈیاگو" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego,_California" title="San Diego, California – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="San Diego, California" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego_(California)" title="San Diego (California) – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="San Diego (California)" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE" title="Сан-Диего – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сан-Диего" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE" title="Сан Диего – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Сан Диего" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diegu" title="San Diegu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="San Diegu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego,_California" title="San Diego, California – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="San Diego, California" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego_(Kalifornia)" title="San Diego (Kalifornia) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="San Diego (Kalifornia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C%DB%8C%DA%AF%DB%86" title="سان دییگۆ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سان دییگۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE" title="Сан Дијего – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сан Дијего" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego,_California" title="San Diego, California – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="San Diego, California" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego,_California" title="San Diego, California – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="San Diego, California" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B" title="சான் டியேகோ – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சான் டியேகோ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE" title="Сан-Диего – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Сан-Диего" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8B" title="శాన్ డియాగో – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="శాన్ డియాగో" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81" title="แซนดีเอโก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แซนดีเอโก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE" title="Сан Диего – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Сан Диего" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BD-%D0%94%D1%96%D1%94%D0%B3%D0%BE" title="Сан-Дієго – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сан-Дієго" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%AF%D9%88" title="سان ڈیاگو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سان ڈیاگو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%90%DA%AF%DB%86" title="سان دىيېگۆ – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="سان دىيېگۆ" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego_(Ca%C5%82ifornia)" title="San Diego (Całifornia) – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="San Diego (Całifornia)" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego,_California" title="San Diego, California – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="San Diego, California" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E8%BF%AD%E6%88%88%EF%BC%88%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E7%A6%8F%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A%E5%B7%9E%EF%BC%89" title="圣迭戈（加利福尼亚州） – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="圣迭戈（加利福尼亚州）" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%9F_%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%92%D7%90" title="סאן דיעגא – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="סאן דיעגא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="San Diego" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%9C%B0%E7%89%99%E5%93%A5" title="聖地牙哥 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="聖地牙哥" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%9C%B0%E7%89%99%E5%93%A5_(%E5%8A%A0%E5%88%A9%E7%A6%8F%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E5%B7%9E)" title="聖地牙哥 (加利福尼亞州) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="聖地牙哥 (加利福尼亞州)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 27 November 2024, at 04:03 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a 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