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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Overview of the transport in South Australia</div> <p><b>Transport in South Australia</b> is provided by a mix of road, rail, sea and air transport. The capital city of <a href="/wiki/Adelaide" title="Adelaide">Adelaide</a> is the centre to transport in the state. With its population of 1.4 million people, it has the majority of the state's 1.7 million inhabitants. Adelaide has the state's major airport and sea port. </p><p>Road transport is predominant in the state. Its extensive road network connect the state's regional centres and other towns, few of which have populations greater than 10,000. Private cars are a dominant form of transport throughout. </p><p>Adelaide is an isolated city with <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a>, the nearest city, being 800 km away. This makes air transport an important form of travel to other cities. </p><p>The state is a land transport hub between the eastern states of Australia, <a href="/wiki/Western_Australia" title="Western Australia">Western Australia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory" title="Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a>. The town of <a href="/wiki/Port_Augusta" title="Port Augusta">Port Augusta</a> at the top of the <a href="/wiki/Spencer_Gulf" title="Spencer Gulf">Spencer Gulf</a> is the only railway link, and one of only two sealed road links from the eastern states. Most major surface freight passes through this town. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_South_Australia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>South Australia was settled in 1836, and at this time there were no roads. Colonial trade relied heavily on <a href="/wiki/Break_bulk_cargo" class="mw-redirect" title="Break bulk cargo">break bulk</a> shipping on the seas while overland trade relied heavily horses and <a href="/wiki/Bullocky" title="Bullocky">bullock trains</a>. In the arid north of the state, <a href="/wiki/Camel_train" title="Camel train">camel trains</a> were a common form of transport. Horses, bullocks and camels remained as common forms of transport in remote areas until trucks became widely available following the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>. </p><p>A thriving coastal trade rapidly developed with commodities from rural ports being transported to Adelaide. Initially ships were loaded from the shore, sometimes by beaching a ship at high tide so that it could be loaded direct form carts at low tide and sailed off on the subsequent high tide. With its lack of natural harbours and relatively calm gulf waters, <a href="/wiki/Pier" title="Pier">jetties</a> came to play an important role.<sup id="cite_ref-sahistoryhub_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sahistoryhub-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These jetties are now a distinctive feature of many South Australian towns and the coastline of Adelaide. South Australia came to play an important role in the <a href="/wiki/Clipper" title="Clipper">clipper</a> ship trade collecting bulk goods from South Australia's coastal ports and transporting them to Europe. The state became a last stand of the clipper industry, with the last trade dying out in the 1950s. The coastal trade involving sailing ketches only ended in the early 1980s with the <i><a href="/wiki/MV_Nelcebee" title="MV Nelcebee">Nelcebee</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/Falie" title="Falie">Falie</a></i> being the last two ships to participate in the coastal trade. </p><p>As steam technology developed in the mid 19th century. Steam trains and paddle steamers came to play an important role in transport. </p><p>The early rail network began in 1854 connecting <a href="/wiki/Port_Elliot" class="mw-redirect" title="Port Elliot">Port Elliot</a> to <a href="/wiki/Goolwa,_South_Australia" title="Goolwa, South Australia">Goolwa</a>, a major port on the <a href="/wiki/Murray_River" title="Murray River">Murray River</a> steamer route, via a <a href="/wiki/Horsecar" title="Horsecar">horse-drawn tramway</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A second railway was added connecting Adelaide and <a href="/wiki/Port_Adelaide" title="Port Adelaide">Port Adelaide</a> in 1856. The <a href="/wiki/Adelaide-Wolseley_railway_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Adelaide-Wolseley railway line">railway</a> was extended to <a href="/wiki/Murray_Bridge_railway_station" title="Murray Bridge railway station">Murray Bridge</a>, also on the steamer route. A new bridge at Murray Bridge connected Adelaide to <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a> in 1886. The rail network rapidly expanded to cover much of the state. </p><p>Paddle steamers provided effective <a href="/wiki/Bulk_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulk transport">bulk transport</a> for agricultural goods on the Murray River giving access to inland regions and into <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>. </p><p>In the mid 20th century, changes in transport technology, especially with respect to roads, road vehicles and cargo handling, saw increasing competition for the traditional railways and ports. Many minor railways were closed down, and Port Adelaide saw its cargo increasingly funnelled into the container port at <a href="/wiki/Outer_Harbor,_South_Australia" title="Outer Harbor, South Australia">Outer Harbour</a>. </p><p>South Australia now sees much transport development focused on roads transport. Ports also play an important role for bulk goods although this is now concentrated in a handful of ports. Rail transport is important for <a href="/wiki/Containerization" title="Containerization">containerised</a> and bulk transport interstate and continues to play a minor role in public transport within Adelaide. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="line-height:130%"> <li class="gallerycaption">Historical Transport in South Australia</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Port_Adelaide_1846.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="George French Angas, Port Adelaide in 1846, 10 years after settlement."><img alt="George French Angas, Port Adelaide in 1846, 10 years after settlement." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Port_Adelaide_1846.jpg/160px-Port_Adelaide_1846.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Port_Adelaide_1846.jpg/240px-Port_Adelaide_1846.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Port_Adelaide_1846.jpg/320px-Port_Adelaide_1846.jpg 2x" data-file-width="631" data-file-height="431" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/George_French_Angas" title="George French Angas">George French Angas</a>, <i>Port Adelaide</i> in 1846, 10 years after settlement.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Township,_Rapid_Bay,_1950_-_B12179.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rapid Bay, South Australia in 1950 with its limestone quarry and jetty for loading limestone onto ships"><img alt="Rapid Bay, South Australia in 1950 with its limestone quarry and jetty for loading limestone onto ships" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Township%2C_Rapid_Bay%2C_1950_-_B12179.jpg/160px-Township%2C_Rapid_Bay%2C_1950_-_B12179.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Township%2C_Rapid_Bay%2C_1950_-_B12179.jpg/240px-Township%2C_Rapid_Bay%2C_1950_-_B12179.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Township%2C_Rapid_Bay%2C_1950_-_B12179.jpg/320px-Township%2C_Rapid_Bay%2C_1950_-_B12179.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Rapid_Bay,_South_Australia" title="Rapid Bay, South Australia">Rapid Bay</a>, South Australia in 1950 with its limestone quarry and jetty for loading limestone onto ships </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P._S._Sapphire,_Murray_River,_Australia.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Paddle Steamer P. S. Sapphire on the Murray River with a barge."><img alt="The Paddle Steamer P. S. Sapphire on the Murray River with a barge." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/P._S._Sapphire%2C_Murray_River%2C_Australia.jpeg/160px-P._S._Sapphire%2C_Murray_River%2C_Australia.jpeg" decoding="async" width="160" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/P._S._Sapphire%2C_Murray_River%2C_Australia.jpeg/240px-P._S._Sapphire%2C_Murray_River%2C_Australia.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/P._S._Sapphire%2C_Murray_River%2C_Australia.jpeg/320px-P._S._Sapphire%2C_Murray_River%2C_Australia.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Paddle Steamer P. S. Sapphire on the Murray River with a barge.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ships_docked_at_Port_Adelaide,_1910.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ships docked at Port Adelaide in 1910."><img alt="Ships docked at Port Adelaide in 1910." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Ships_docked_at_Port_Adelaide%2C_1910.jpeg/160px-Ships_docked_at_Port_Adelaide%2C_1910.jpeg" decoding="async" width="160" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Ships_docked_at_Port_Adelaide%2C_1910.jpeg/240px-Ships_docked_at_Port_Adelaide%2C_1910.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Ships_docked_at_Port_Adelaide%2C_1910.jpeg/320px-Ships_docked_at_Port_Adelaide%2C_1910.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="755" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ships docked at Port Adelaide in 1910.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:B-19481.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Loading grain from horse drawn wagons to the ketch 'Free Selector' on Kangaroo Island"><img alt="Loading grain from horse drawn wagons to the ketch 'Free Selector' on Kangaroo Island" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/B-19481.jpeg/160px-B-19481.jpeg" decoding="async" width="160" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/B-19481.jpeg/240px-B-19481.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/B-19481.jpeg/320px-B-19481.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="790" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Loading grain from horse drawn wagons to the ketch 'Free Selector' on Kangaroo Island</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Camel_Train_offloading_wool_at_a_train_station,_South_Australia,_1928.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Camel train, with wool from Nappamerry being unloaded at the Railway Station, 1928."><img alt="Camel train, with wool from Nappamerry being unloaded at the Railway Station, 1928." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Camel_Train_offloading_wool_at_a_train_station%2C_South_Australia%2C_1928.jpeg/160px-Camel_Train_offloading_wool_at_a_train_station%2C_South_Australia%2C_1928.jpeg" decoding="async" width="160" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Camel_Train_offloading_wool_at_a_train_station%2C_South_Australia%2C_1928.jpeg/240px-Camel_Train_offloading_wool_at_a_train_station%2C_South_Australia%2C_1928.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Camel_Train_offloading_wool_at_a_train_station%2C_South_Australia%2C_1928.jpeg/320px-Camel_Train_offloading_wool_at_a_train_station%2C_South_Australia%2C_1928.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="749" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Camel train, with wool from Nappamerry being unloaded at the Railway Station, 1928.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Camel_Train,_each_loaded_with_two_bails_of_wool,_South_Australia,.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="A camel train in the desert, with each of the camels loaded with two bales of wool from Arrabura Station, 1931."><img alt="A camel train in the desert, with each of the camels loaded with two bales of wool from Arrabura Station, 1931." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Camel_Train%2C_each_loaded_with_two_bails_of_wool%2C_South_Australia%2C.jpeg/160px-Camel_Train%2C_each_loaded_with_two_bails_of_wool%2C_South_Australia%2C.jpeg" decoding="async" width="160" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Camel_Train%2C_each_loaded_with_two_bails_of_wool%2C_South_Australia%2C.jpeg/240px-Camel_Train%2C_each_loaded_with_two_bails_of_wool%2C_South_Australia%2C.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Camel_Train%2C_each_loaded_with_two_bails_of_wool%2C_South_Australia%2C.jpeg/320px-Camel_Train%2C_each_loaded_with_two_bails_of_wool%2C_South_Australia%2C.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="652" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A camel train in the desert, with each of the camels loaded with two bales of wool from Arrabura Station, 1931.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wallaroo_jetty,_South_Australia,_1909.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wallaroo jetty in 1909, showing shipping, launches, and grain waiting for loading."><img alt="Wallaroo jetty in 1909, showing shipping, launches, and grain waiting for loading." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Wallaroo_jetty%2C_South_Australia%2C_1909.jpeg/160px-Wallaroo_jetty%2C_South_Australia%2C_1909.jpeg" decoding="async" width="160" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Wallaroo_jetty%2C_South_Australia%2C_1909.jpeg/240px-Wallaroo_jetty%2C_South_Australia%2C_1909.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Wallaroo_jetty%2C_South_Australia%2C_1909.jpeg/320px-Wallaroo_jetty%2C_South_Australia%2C_1909.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="777" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Wallaroo jetty in 1909, showing shipping, launches, and grain waiting for loading.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Goolwa-Middleton_Tramway_ca1860.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Goolwa to Port Elliot tramway circa 1860."><img alt="Goolwa to Port Elliot tramway circa 1860." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Goolwa-Middleton_Tramway_ca1860.jpeg/160px-Goolwa-Middleton_Tramway_ca1860.jpeg" decoding="async" width="160" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Goolwa-Middleton_Tramway_ca1860.jpeg/240px-Goolwa-Middleton_Tramway_ca1860.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Goolwa-Middleton_Tramway_ca1860.jpeg/320px-Goolwa-Middleton_Tramway_ca1860.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="643" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Goolwa to Port Elliot tramway circa 1860.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SAR_500_Class_Steam_Locomotive,_1953.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="500 class engine No.502 hauling a freight train in at Eden Hills, August 1953."><img alt="500 class engine No.502 hauling a freight train in at Eden Hills, August 1953." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/SAR_500_Class_Steam_Locomotive%2C_1953.jpeg/122px-SAR_500_Class_Steam_Locomotive%2C_1953.jpeg" decoding="async" width="122" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/SAR_500_Class_Steam_Locomotive%2C_1953.jpeg/184px-SAR_500_Class_Steam_Locomotive%2C_1953.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/SAR_500_Class_Steam_Locomotive%2C_1953.jpeg/245px-SAR_500_Class_Steam_Locomotive%2C_1953.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="738" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">500 class engine No.502 hauling a freight train in at Eden Hills, August 1953.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Clipper_Ship_Yatala,_Port_Adelaide,_South_Australia_ca1870.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="The clipper 'Yatala', 1127 tons, at Port Adelaide circa 1870."><img alt="The clipper 'Yatala', 1127 tons, at Port Adelaide circa 1870." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Clipper_Ship_Yatala%2C_Port_Adelaide%2C_South_Australia_ca1870.jpeg/160px-Clipper_Ship_Yatala%2C_Port_Adelaide%2C_South_Australia_ca1870.jpeg" decoding="async" width="160" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Clipper_Ship_Yatala%2C_Port_Adelaide%2C_South_Australia_ca1870.jpeg/240px-Clipper_Ship_Yatala%2C_Port_Adelaide%2C_South_Australia_ca1870.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Clipper_Ship_Yatala%2C_Port_Adelaide%2C_South_Australia_ca1870.jpeg/320px-Clipper_Ship_Yatala%2C_Port_Adelaide%2C_South_Australia_ca1870.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="775" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The clipper 'Yatala', 1127 tons, at Port Adelaide circa 1870.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Admiral_Karpfanger,_Port_Germein,_South_Australia,_1938.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The barque Admiral Karpfanger at Port Germein jetty in South Australia."><img alt="The barque Admiral Karpfanger at Port Germein jetty in South Australia." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Admiral_Karpfanger%2C_Port_Germein%2C_South_Australia%2C_1938.jpg/105px-Admiral_Karpfanger%2C_Port_Germein%2C_South_Australia%2C_1938.jpg" decoding="async" width="105" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Admiral_Karpfanger%2C_Port_Germein%2C_South_Australia%2C_1938.jpg/157px-Admiral_Karpfanger%2C_Port_Germein%2C_South_Australia%2C_1938.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Admiral_Karpfanger%2C_Port_Germein%2C_South_Australia%2C_1938.jpg/210px-Admiral_Karpfanger%2C_Port_Germein%2C_South_Australia%2C_1938.jpg 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The barque <i><a href="/wiki/Admiral_Karpfanger_(barque)" title="Admiral Karpfanger (barque)">Admiral Karpfanger</a></i> at Port Germein jetty in South Australia.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Murray_Bridge,_South_Australia,_aerial_view,_1953.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="An aerial view of Murray Bridge in 1953 showing rail and road bridges, and also paddle steamers."><img alt="An aerial view of Murray Bridge in 1953 showing rail and road bridges, and also paddle steamers." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Murray_Bridge%2C_South_Australia%2C_aerial_view%2C_1953.jpeg/160px-Murray_Bridge%2C_South_Australia%2C_aerial_view%2C_1953.jpeg" decoding="async" width="160" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Murray_Bridge%2C_South_Australia%2C_aerial_view%2C_1953.jpeg/240px-Murray_Bridge%2C_South_Australia%2C_aerial_view%2C_1953.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Murray_Bridge%2C_South_Australia%2C_aerial_view%2C_1953.jpeg/320px-Murray_Bridge%2C_South_Australia%2C_aerial_view%2C_1953.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="793" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An aerial view of Murray Bridge in 1953 showing rail and road bridges, and also paddle steamers.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Road">Road</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_South_Australia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Road"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_road_routes_in_South_Australia" title="List of road routes in South Australia">List of road routes in South Australia</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SouthAustraliaRoads.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/SouthAustraliaRoads.png/220px-SouthAustraliaRoads.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/SouthAustraliaRoads.png/330px-SouthAustraliaRoads.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/SouthAustraliaRoads.png/440px-SouthAustraliaRoads.png 2x" data-file-width="799" data-file-height="929" /></a><figcaption>Road transport in South Australia</figcaption></figure> <p>South Australia has a well developed road network with major highways to Western Australia, the Northern Territory, New South Wales and Victoria. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augusta_Highway" title="Augusta Highway">Augusta Highway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Princes_Highway" title="Princes Highway">Princes Highway</a> from <a href="/wiki/Adelaide" title="Adelaide">Adelaide</a> to <a href="/wiki/Port_Augusta" title="Port Augusta">Port Augusta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eyre_Highway" title="Eyre Highway">Eyre Highway</a> from Port Augusta to <a href="/wiki/Perth" title="Perth">Perth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dukes_Highway" title="Dukes Highway">Dukes Highway</a> from <a href="/wiki/Tailem_Bend" class="mw-redirect" title="Tailem Bend">Tailem Bend</a> to <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Highway" title="Stuart Highway">Stuart Highway</a> from Port Augusta to <a href="/wiki/Darwin,_Northern_Territory" title="Darwin, Northern Territory">Darwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sturt_Highway" title="Sturt Highway">Sturt Highway</a> from <a href="/wiki/Gawler" title="Gawler">Gawler</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Riverland" title="Riverland">Riverland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Eastern_Freeway" title="South Eastern Freeway">South Eastern Freeway</a> from Adelaide to Tailem Bend</li></ul> <p>The state also features an extensive network of roads that provide access to all towns in the state. Road management comes under either the State government for major roads and local government for minor roads. Roads in south Australia are generally of a high standard, although most roads in the north of the state are unpaved tracks that are often impassable after rain. </p><p>Adelaide is notable for its lack of freeways in the centre of the city. The central part of the city on the plain between the <a href="/wiki/Adelaide_Hills" title="Adelaide Hills">Adelaide Hills</a> and the coast features a grid of main roads with numerous intersections. In the periphery of the city there are several major freeways including the <a href="/wiki/South_Eastern_Freeway" title="South Eastern Freeway">South Eastern Freeway</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Expressway" title="Northern Expressway">Northern Expressway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Expressway_(Adelaide)" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Expressway (Adelaide)">Southern Expressway</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Port_River_Expressway" title="Port River Expressway">Port River Expressway</a> and the <a href="/wiki/North-South_Motorway" class="mw-redirect" title="North-South Motorway">North-South Motorway</a> (formerly the South Road Superway).<sup id="cite_ref-sa_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sa-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cars are the dominant form of commuter transport in South Australia. While public transport usage is relatively small compared to car usage, Adelaide features an extensive public bus network with frequent services. The network includes the 12 km <a href="/wiki/O-Bahn_Busway" title="O-Bahn Busway">O-Bahn Busway</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Guided_busway" class="mw-redirect" title="Guided busway">guided busway</a> that is among the longest and fastest such routes in the world. Bus services are run under <a href="/wiki/Adelaide_Metro" title="Adelaide Metro">Adelaide Metro</a> which includes the relatively minor rail services. The network covers the entire metropolitan area extending from <a href="/wiki/Gawler,_South_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gawler, South Australia">Gawler</a> in the north, to <a href="/wiki/Sellicks_Beach" class="mw-redirect" title="Sellicks Beach">Sellicks Beach</a> in the south, a distance of over 90 km. The services also extend to <a href="/wiki/Mount_Barker,_South_Australia" title="Mount Barker, South Australia">Mount Barker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strathalbyn,_South_Australia" title="Strathalbyn, South Australia">Strathalbyn</a> and several smaller townships in the Adelaide Hills.<sup id="cite_ref-adelaidemetro_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adelaidemetro-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many major towns also feature their own public transport bus networks. Country bus services between towns and interstate are provided by private companies such as <a href="/wiki/Stateliner" title="Stateliner">Stateliner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Firefly_Express" title="Firefly Express">Firefly Express</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greyhound_Australia" title="Greyhound Australia">Greyhound Australia</a>. </p><p>With its extensive road network, trucks play a major role in South Australian transport. Trucks as large as <a href="/wiki/B-Double" class="mw-redirect" title="B-Double">B-Double</a> are a common sight. Large <a href="/wiki/Road_train" title="Road train">road trains</a> are used in some areas of the state with 53 m Road trains being permitted on the Stuart Highway north of Port Augusta, while smaller road trains and <a href="/w/index.php?title=B-Triple&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="B-Triple (page does not exist)">B-Triple</a> are permitted on many roads throughout the state to the north of Adelaide.<sup id="cite_ref-sa2_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sa2-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rail">Rail</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_South_Australia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A-City_EMU_4003_in_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/A-City_EMU_4003_in_2014.jpg/170px-A-City_EMU_4003_in_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/A-City_EMU_4003_in_2014.jpg/255px-A-City_EMU_4003_in_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/A-City_EMU_4003_in_2014.jpg/340px-A-City_EMU_4003_in_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1702" data-file-height="1135" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Adelaide_Metro_A-City_4000_Class" class="mw-redirect" title="Adelaide Metro A-City 4000 Class">Adelaide Metro A-City 4000 Class</a> train used for commuter rail transport in Adelaide</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_South_Australia" title="Rail transport in South Australia">Rail transport in South Australia</a></div> <p>South Australia has <a href="/wiki/Standard_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard gauge">standard gauge</a> rail connections to all mainland states with rail connections to Perth, Darwin, Broken Hill and Melbourne. The state's railway network also features several branches, many dedicated to carrying minerals from the states mines. There is also an isolated <a href="/wiki/Narrow_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Narrow gauge">narrow gauge</a> railway operating on the <a href="/wiki/Eyre_Peninsula" title="Eyre Peninsula">Eyre Peninsula</a> from Port Lincoln to <a href="/wiki/Ceduna,_South_Australia" title="Ceduna, South Australia">Ceduna</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-natrailmuseum_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-natrailmuseum-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Commuter trains run in Adelaide on a <a href="/wiki/Broad_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Broad gauge">broad gauge</a> network of seven lines with 89 stations, totalling 125.9 km. The rail network is in the process of being electrified from the previous diesel railcars, with the <a href="/wiki/Seaford_railway_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Seaford railway line">Seaford line</a> being the first electrified line to open in February 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-sa3_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sa3-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Adelaide also has a single tram line to <a href="/wiki/Glenelg_tram_line" title="Glenelg tram line">Glenelg</a> from the city centre. The tram line also extends to the <a href="/wiki/Adelaide_Entertainment_Centre" title="Adelaide Entertainment Centre">Adelaide Entertainment Centre</a> on the North Western fringes of Adelaide's Parklands. Tramways were largely closed in the 1950s but saw a revival in the 2000s with some upgrades and extensions. <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Country passenger trains were also a major form of transport in South Australia until the 1980s. <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The state has two historical tourist railways. <a href="/wiki/SteamRanger" class="mw-redirect" title="SteamRanger">SteamRanger</a> historical railway society operates various steam and other locomotives on the <a href="/wiki/Victor_Harbor_railway_line" title="Victor Harbor railway line">Victor Harbor line</a> between <a href="/wiki/Mount_Barker_railway_station" title="Mount Barker railway station">Mount Barker</a> and <a href="/wiki/Victor_Harbor,_South_Australia" title="Victor Harbor, South Australia">Victor Harbor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-steamrangerheritagerailway_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-steamrangerheritagerailway-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its services include regular Cockle Train services running between Goolwa and Victor Harbor.<sup id="cite_ref-steamrangerheritagerailway2_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-steamrangerheritagerailway2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Pichi_Richi_Railway" title="Pichi Richi Railway">Pichi Richi Railway</a> operates on a 39 km section of the old narrow gauge <a href="/wiki/Central_Australia_Railway" title="Central Australia Railway">Central Australia Railway</a> between <a href="/wiki/Port_Augusta_railway_station" title="Port Augusta railway station">Port Augusta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quorn_railway_station" title="Quorn railway station">Quorn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pichirichirailway_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pichirichirailway-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Air">Air</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_South_Australia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Air"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_South_Australia" title="List of airports in South Australia">List of airports in South Australia</a></div> <p>South Australia has one major airport located in Adelaide. <a href="/wiki/Adelaide_Airport" title="Adelaide Airport">Adelaide Airport</a> offers multiple daily flights to the other mainland capitals and with <a href="/wiki/Jetstar" title="Jetstar">Jetstar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Qantas" title="Qantas">Qantas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tiger_Airways" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiger Airways">Tiger Airways</a> and <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Australia" title="Virgin Australia">Virgin Australia</a>. There are frequent services to major towns such as Port Lincoln, <a href="/wiki/Whyalla" title="Whyalla">Whyalla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingscote,_South_Australia" title="Kingscote, South Australia">Kingscote</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mount_Gambier,_South_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Gambier, South Australia">Mount Gambier</a>. Services also operate frequently to mining towns such as <a href="/wiki/Roxby_Downs,_South_Australia" title="Roxby Downs, South Australia">Roxby Downs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Dam,_South_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympic Dam, South Australia">Olympic Dam</a> carrying large numbers of <a href="/wiki/Fly-in_fly-out" title="Fly-in fly-out">fly-in fly-out</a> workers. </p><p>The airport also offers daily international flights to major Asian hubs such as <a href="/wiki/Singapore_Changi_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Singapore Changi Airport">Singapore</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Baiyun_International_Airport" title="Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport">Guangzhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dubai_International_Airport" title="Dubai International Airport">Dubai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doha_International_Airport" title="Doha International Airport">Doha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur_International_Airport" title="Kuala Lumpur International Airport">Kuala Lumpur–International</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ngurah_Rai_International_Airport" title="Ngurah Rai International Airport">Denpasar</a>. <a href="/wiki/Auckland_Airport" title="Auckland Airport">Auckland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nadi_International_Airport" title="Nadi International Airport">Nadi</a> are also serviced by daily flights from <a href="/wiki/Adelaide_Airport" title="Adelaide Airport">Adelaide Airport</a>. </p><p>Air freight is limited in South Australia, with only a small number of major regular freight services. Some minor intrastate air freight services are provided by smaller jets and turboprop aircraft, especially to outlying areas of the state. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sea">Sea</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_South_Australia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sea"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>South Australia has a major port at <a href="/wiki/Port_Adelaide" title="Port Adelaide">Port Adelaide</a>, with numerous minor ports located along its coastline for handling materials such as grain and minerals.<sup id="cite_ref-lloydslistdcn_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lloydslistdcn-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Port_Adelaide" title="Port Adelaide">Port Adelaide</a> is the state's major sea port with a container terminal and passenger terminal located at <a href="/wiki/Outer_Harbor,_South_Australia" title="Outer Harbor, South Australia">Outer Harbor</a> and several dock facilities in the inner harbour.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Bonython" title="Port Bonython">Port Bonython</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Panamax" title="Panamax">panamax</a> sized facility that handles petroleum products. Ore facilities have been proposed at this facility.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Giles" class="mw-redirect" title="Port Giles">Port Giles</a> is a panamax sized port facility for handling grains. It is south Australia's youngest port, being established in 1970.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Lincoln" title="Port Lincoln">Port Lincoln</a> is an important port for South Australia's <a href="/wiki/Tuna" title="Tuna">tuna</a> fishing industry and also handles bulk commodities such as grain and minerals.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thevenard,_South_Australia" title="Thevenard, South Australia">Thevenard</a> near <a href="/wiki/Ceduna,_South_Australia" title="Ceduna, South Australia">Ceduna</a> handles gypsum, grains, salt and mineral sands.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallaroo,_South_Australia" title="Wallaroo, South Australia">Wallaroo</a> handles grains and fertilisers.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whyalla" title="Whyalla">Whyalla</a> has a panamax plus port and handles grain and minerals.</li></ul> <p>The state has one major ferry service operating to <a href="/wiki/Kangaroo_Island" title="Kangaroo Island">Kangaroo Island</a> between <a href="/wiki/Cape_Jervis_(headland)" title="Cape Jervis (headland)">Cape Jervis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Penneshaw,_South_Australia" title="Penneshaw, South Australia">Penneshaw</a>. This service is operated by <a href="/wiki/Kangaroo_Island_SeaLink" title="Kangaroo Island SeaLink">Kangaroo Island SeaLink</a> with two ferries: <a href="/wiki/Sealion_2000" title="Sealion 2000">Sealion 2000</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Spirit_of_Kangaroo_Island" title="Spirit of Kangaroo Island">Spirit of Kangaroo Island</a>. The majority of Kangaroo Island's trade flows along this route. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_South_Australia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_South_Australia.svg/32px-Flag_of_South_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_South_Australia.svg/48px-Flag_of_South_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Flag_of_South_Australia.svg/64px-Flag_of_South_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:South_Australia" title="Portal:South Australia">South Australia portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/28px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/42px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/56px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Transport" title="Portal:Transport">Transport portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_rail_transport_in_Australia" title="History of rail transport in Australia">History of rail transport in Australia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_South_Australia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-sahistoryhub-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sahistoryhub_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sahistoryhub.history.sa.gov.au:443/subjects/jetties?hh=1&">"Jetties"</a>. <i>SA History Hub</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Maps.sa.gov.au&rft.atitle=RAVNET+-+Heavy+Vehicle+Routing%2C+South+Australia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmaps.sa.gov.au%2Fravnet%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransport+in+South+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-natrailmuseum-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-natrailmuseum_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.natrailmuseum.org.au/history.php">"National Railway Museum | SA railway history"</a>. <i>Natrailmuseum.org.au</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Infrastructure.sa.gov.au&rft.atitle=Rail+Network+Electrification+-+DPTI+-+Department+of+Planning%2C+Transport+and+Infrastructure+South+Australia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infrastructure.sa.gov.au%2Felectrification&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransport+in+South+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-12-01/why-was-adelaides-tram-network-ripped-up-in-the-1950s/9205768">Curious Adelaide: Why was Adelaide's tram network ripped up in the 1950s?</a></i> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-06-26/adelaide-rail-line-extension-reopening-gawler-seaford-line/104009980">Adelaide is growing beyond its limits — so could a train revival help steam the city's expansion?</a></i> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-steamrangerheritagerailway-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-steamrangerheritagerailway_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.steamrangerheritagerailway.org/index.php">"SteamRanger Heritage Railway – Heritage Train Travel in the Adelaide Hills and Fleurieu Peninsula"</a>. <i>Steamrangerheritagerailway.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Steamrangerheritagerailway.org&rft.atitle=SteamRanger+Heritage+Railway+%E2%80%93+Heritage+Train+Travel+in+the+Adelaide+Hills+and+Fleurieu+Peninsula&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.steamrangerheritagerailway.org%2Findex.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransport+in+South+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-steamrangerheritagerailway2-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-steamrangerheritagerailway2_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.steamrangerheritagerailway.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3&Itemid=56">"SteamRanger Heritage Railway – Heritage Train Travel in the Adelaide Hills and Fleurieu Peninsula"</a>. <i>Steamrangerheritagerailway.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Steamrangerheritagerailway.org&rft.atitle=SteamRanger+Heritage+Railway+%E2%80%93+Heritage+Train+Travel+in+the+Adelaide+Hills+and+Fleurieu+Peninsula&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.steamrangerheritagerailway.org%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D3%26Itemid%3D56&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransport+in+South+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pichirichirailway-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pichirichirailway_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pichirichirailway.org.au/">"Pichi Richi Railway: Authentic outback railway in the Flinders Ranges"</a>. <i>Pichirichirailway.org.au</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pichirichirailway.org.au&rft.atitle=Pichi+Richi+Railway%3A+Authentic+outback+railway+in+the+Flinders+Ranges&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pichirichirailway.org.au%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATransport+in+South+Australia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lloydslistdcn-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lloydslistdcn_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lloydslistdcn.com.au/australian_shipping_air_road_rail_services_directory/shipping-and-ports/australian-ports-guide">"Informa"</a>. <i>Lloydslistdcn.com.au</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Australia">States</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_New_South_Wales" title="Transport in New South Wales">New South Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Queensland" class="mw-redirect" title="Transport in Queensland">Queensland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">South Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_Tasmania&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transport in Tasmania (page does not exist)">Tasmania</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_Victoria_(state)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transport in Victoria (state) (page does not exist)">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_Western_Australia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transport in Western Australia (page does not exist)">Western Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="States and territories of Australia">Territories</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_Australian_Capital_Territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transport in Australian Capital Territory (page does not exist)">Australian Capital Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transport_inJervis_Bay_Territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transport inJervis Bay Territory (page does not exist)">Jervis Bay Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_Northern_Territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transport in Northern Territory (page does not exist)">Northern Territory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_Australia" title="States and territories of Australia">External territories</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_Ashmore_and_Cartier_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transport in Ashmore and Cartier Islands (page does not exist)">Ashmore and Cartier Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_Australian_Antarctic_Territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transport in Australian Antarctic Territory (page does not exist)">Australian Antarctic Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Transport in Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transport in Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_Coral_Sea_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transport in Coral Sea Islands (page does not exist)">Coral Sea Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Transport_in_Heard_Island_and_McDonald_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Transport in Heard Island and McDonald Islands (page does not exist)">Heard Island and McDonald Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Norfolk_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Transport in Norfolk Island">Norfolk Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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