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id="toc-Prominent_members-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Charlie_and_Eddie_Richardson" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Charlie_and_Eddie_Richardson"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Charlie and Eddie Richardson</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Charlie_and_Eddie_Richardson-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-George_Cornell" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#George_Cornell"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>George Cornell</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-George_Cornell-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Mad"_Frankie_Fraser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Mad"_Frankie_Fraser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>"Mad" Frankie Fraser</span> </div> </a> <ul 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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>White Horse public house</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-White_Horse_public_house-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " 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searchaux" style="display:none">London-based English crime gang</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Eddie Richardson" redirects here. For the cricketer, see <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Richardson_(cricketer)" title="Eddie Richardson (cricketer)">Eddie Richardson (cricketer)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Richardson_Gang" title="Special:EditPage/Richardson Gang">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Richardson+Gang%22">"Richardson Gang"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Richardson+Gang%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Richardson+Gang%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Richardson+Gang%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Richardson+Gang%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Richardson+Gang%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Criminal organization</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Richardson Gang</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded by</th><td class="infobox-data">Charles Richardson</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founding location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1950s–1960s</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Territory</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/South_London" title="South London">South London</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ethnicity</th><td class="infobox-data">Mainly <a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criminal activities</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racketeering" title="Racketeering">Racketeering</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Drug_trafficking" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug trafficking">Narcotics</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Extortion" title="Extortion">Extortion</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Money_laundering" title="Money laundering">Money laundering</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Loan_sharking" class="mw-redirect" title="Loan sharking">Loan sharking</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bribery" title="Bribery">Bribery</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_gambling" class="mw-redirect" title="Illegal gambling">Illegal gambling</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Counterfeiting" class="mw-redirect" title="Counterfeiting">Counterfeiting</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Truck_hijacking" class="mw-redirect" title="Truck hijacking">Hijacking</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Smuggling" title="Smuggling">Smuggling</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Labor_union" class="mw-redirect" title="Labor union">Labour racketeering</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gun-running" class="mw-redirect" title="Gun-running">Gun-running</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">Torture</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution" title="Prostitution">Prostitution</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Robbery" title="Robbery">Robbery</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Assault" title="Assault">Assault</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rivals</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kray_twins" title="Kray twins">Kray Firm</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Richardson Gang</b> was an English crime <a href="/wiki/Gang" title="Gang">gang</a> based in <a href="/wiki/South_London" title="South London">South London</a>, England in the 1960s. Also known as the "Torture Gang", they had a reputation as some of London's most sadistic gangsters. Their alleged specialties included pulling teeth out using pliers, cutting off toes using bolt cutters and nailing victims to floors using 6-inch nails.<sup id="cite_ref-Hard_as_nails_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hard_as_nails-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prominent_members">Prominent members</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richardson_Gang&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Prominent members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Charlie_and_Eddie_Richardson">Charlie and Eddie Richardson</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richardson_Gang&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Charlie and Eddie Richardson"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Charles William "Charlie" Richardson (18 January 1934 – 19 September 2012)<sup id="cite_ref-Charles_Richardson_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Charles_Richardson-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was born in <a href="/wiki/Brentford" title="Brentford">Brentford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middlesex" title="Middlesex">Middlesex</a> to Eileen Elizabeth Mary (née Allen) and Charles Frederick Richardson, who had married the previous year in <a href="/wiki/Camberwell" title="Camberwell">Camberwell</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_London" title="South London">South London</a>. The family soon moved back to Camberwell, where younger brother, Edward G. "Eddie" Richardson, was born on 21 January 1936, followed by youngest sibling, Elaine (born 1940). Charlie and Eddie turned to a life of crime after their father deserted the family.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="George_Cornell">George Cornell</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richardson_Gang&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: George Cornell"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An important member of the Richardson gang was <a href="/wiki/George_Cornell" title="George Cornell">George Cornell</a>. Cornell was heavily involved in drug dealing, in <a href="/wiki/Dexamyl" title="Dexamyl">purple hearts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dextroamphetamine" title="Dextroamphetamine">dexys</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stimulant" title="Stimulant">uppers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Depressant" title="Depressant">downers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">cannabis</a>. He was also involved in <a href="/wiki/Pornography" title="Pornography">pornography</a> and may have been associated with criminal <a href="/wiki/James_Humphreys_(pornographer)" title="James Humphreys (pornographer)">Jimmy Humphreys</a>, whose arrest led to the exposure of corrupt police officials in 1971, including Commander Ken Drury of the <a href="/wiki/Flying_Squad" title="Flying Squad">Flying Squad</a>. </p><p>Humphreys was under investigation by another squad, and Drury refused to acknowledge his association with Humphreys even after Drury reportedly received a "Wish you were here" holiday postcard from him. Cornell was originally a member of an <a href="/wiki/East_End_of_London" title="East End of London">East End</a> gang called "The Watney Streeters" and later became involved with the <a href="/wiki/Kray_twins" title="Kray twins">Krays</a>. However, he changed sides around 1964 and allied himself with the Richardsons. Cornell was unstable and unpredictable, and nearly caused an all-out war between the two gangs before his death when Ronnie Kray shot and killed him in 1966. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Mad"_Frankie_Fraser"><span id=".22Mad.22_Frankie_Fraser"></span>"Mad" Frankie Fraser</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richardson_Gang&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: "Mad" Frankie Fraser"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Frankie_Fraser" title="Frankie Fraser">Frankie Fraser</a> teamed up with the Richardson gang in the early 1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-Crime_Library_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crime_Library-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His criminal career began at age 13 with theft.<sup id="cite_ref-Rhys_Williams_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rhys_Williams-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> his crimes escalated, including shopbreaking and <a href="/wiki/Desertion" title="Desertion">desertion</a>. He was a known associate of gangster <a href="/wiki/Billy_Hill_(gangster)" title="Billy Hill (gangster)">Billy Hill</a> throughout the 1950s. After joining the Richardsons, he served as their <a href="/wiki/Hitman" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitman">enforcer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rhys_Williams_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rhys_Williams-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reportedly, Fraser's favourite brand of punishment was extracting teeth with pliers.<sup id="cite_ref-Crime_Library_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crime_Library-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Over his long criminal career, Fraser spent 40–42<sup id="cite_ref-Crime_Library_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crime_Library-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-New_Statesmen_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_Statesmen-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> years in prison. He died in 2014 of complications from surgery. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_members">Other members</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richardson_Gang&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Other members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Other members of the gang included the <a href="/wiki/Hitman" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitman">hitman</a> <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Moody" title="Jimmy Moody">Jimmy Moody</a>, Derek "Del" Peterman, Roy Hall (who operated the electric generator<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (January 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup>), Bartholomew (Barry) Harris (was a getaway driver for the gang), Albert Longman, Ron Lawrence (was a getaway driver and enforcer for the gang) Harry Rawlins, Alan Morse/Rigby, Frank Bailey, Harry Banks, Tommy Clark, Ron Large (Ronnie), Tommy Quinlan, James Kemmery and Mick O'Brien. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Methods">Methods</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richardson_Gang&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Methods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On one occasion, a collector of "pensions" (<a href="/wiki/Protection_money" class="mw-redirect" title="Protection money">protection money</a> from <a href="/wiki/Pub" title="Pub">publicans</a> and others), was punished after being twice warned by the Richardsons for pocketing the money and spending it at <a href="/wiki/Catford" title="Catford">Catford</a> dog track. He was nailed to the floor of a warehouse near <a href="/wiki/Tower_Bridge" title="Tower Bridge">Tower Bridge</a> for nearly two days, during which time gang members (for example, driver Harry Beard) frequently urinated on him.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Feud_with_the_Krays">Feud with the Krays</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richardson_Gang&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Feud with the Krays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Richardson gang and the <a href="/wiki/Kray_twins" title="Kray twins">Kray twins</a> were engaged in a <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/turf_war" class="extiw" title="wikt:turf war">turf war</a> in the mid-to-late 1960s. Charlie Richardson and George Cornell had first met the Krays while in <a href="/wiki/Shepton_Mallet_(HM_Prison)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shepton Mallet (HM Prison)">Shepton Mallet Prison</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-The_truth_about_the_Torture_gang_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_truth_about_the_Torture_gang-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tensions came to a head in 1965–66. During a Christmas party at the <a href="/wiki/Astor_Club" title="Astor Club">Astor Club</a> in December 1965, Cornell called Ronnie Kray a "fat <a href="/wiki/Homosexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Homosexual">poof</a>" and a fight ensued. </p><p>On 7 or 8 March 1966, Richard Hart, one of <a href="/wiki/Kray_twins" title="Kray twins">the Krays'</a> associates, was shot dead, intentionally or otherwise, during a brawl involving the Richardson Gang at Mr Smith's Club in <a href="/wiki/Rushey_Green_(ward)" title="Rushey Green (ward)">Rushey Green</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catford" title="Catford">Catford</a>. Mr Smith's was owned by <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>-based businessmen Dougie Flood (a club/hotel/leisure business owner and alleged member of the <a href="/wiki/Quality_Street_Gang" title="Quality Street Gang">Quality Street Gang</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-flood1_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flood1-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-flood2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flood2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Bill Benny. They had asked Eddie Richardson and Frankie Fraser to <a href="/wiki/Protection_racket" title="Protection racket">"protect"</a> the club in exchange for <a href="/wiki/Slot_machine" title="Slot machine">gaming machines</a> being placed there. That night members of the Richardson gang were drinking at Mr Smith's. Members of another South London gang led by Billy Hayward were present that night including Peter Hennessey. </p><p>On the night in question, both gangs were "drinking and chatting quite happily". That was according to a guest who was with his girlfriend in the bar but was suddenly ushered out of the club soon after midnight. At around 1.00am, Eddie Richardson told Peter Hennessey and the others to "drink up" and leave. In response, Hennessey called Eddie Richardson a "half-baked fucking ponce" and shouted that he could "take you any fucking time you like". Richardson and Hennessey began exchanging blows. Other fistfights had started when gun shots rang out. </p><p>Several years after the incident, an unnamed gangster who was in the club at the time said that it was "like <a href="/wiki/Dodge_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Dodge City">Dodge City</a>". It was said that Hart was shot on or near the bottom of the stairs as he was making his getaway. For many years Fraser was held responsible for murdering Hart. Fraser always vehemently denied it.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It is alleged that Billy Gardner confronted Fraser, asking, "You <a href="/wiki/Weapon_Possession_(crime)" class="mw-redirect" title="Weapon Possession (crime)">tooled up</a>, Frank?", and shot Fraser through the thigh with a .38 <a href="/wiki/Pistol" title="Pistol">pistol</a>. Eddie Richardson, Frankie Fraser and others ended up in Lewisham Hospital. They denied all knowledge of the incident when questioned by police. Hennessey sustained a bayonet wound to his scalp. Hennessey, Gardner and others sought help from <a href="/wiki/Freddie_Foreman" title="Freddie Foreman">Freddie Foreman</a> after the altercation. </p><p>Although most of the gang were arrested, some were put up by Foreman until things had blown over. Fraser had been officially <a href="/wiki/Sectioned" class="mw-redirect" title="Sectioned">declared insane</a> at least twice previously. It has been suggested though that Fraser acquired his "Mad Frankie" sobriquet from this incident. Apparently, a Hayward associate named Henry Botton saw Fraser kicking Hart in the head and shouted, "You're fucking mad, Frank. You're fucking bonkers." The whole incident at Mr Smith's caused the arrest of nearly all of the Richardson gang. </p><p>Fallout continued the next day. A member of the Richardson gang, Jimmy Andrews, was injured in the affray and went for treatment at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_London_Hospital" title="Royal London Hospital">Royal London Hospital</a> in Whitechapel the day after. This was where <a href="/wiki/George_Cornell" title="George Cornell">George Cornell</a>, one of the few members of the Richardson gang who were not in jail or hospital, and an old friend of Andrews, went to visit him. That evening at about 8:30 Cornell was inside <a href="/wiki/The_Blind_Beggar" title="The Blind Beggar">The Blind Beggar</a> public house sited about 300m from the hospital entrance. Ronnie Kray arrived with two associates and shot Cornell through the head at close range, killing him. One of several local businessmen, in the saloon bar at the time, said he heard Cornell's last words: "Well, look what the dog's brought in."<sup id="cite_ref-Charles_Richardson_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Charles_Richardson-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_truth_about_the_Torture_gang_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_truth_about_the_Torture_gang-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id=""Torture_Trial""><span id=".22Torture_Trial.22"></span>"Torture Trial"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richardson_Gang&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: "Torture Trial""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Basis">Basis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richardson_Gang&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Basis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The downfall of the Richardsons began because of mounting testimony to the police. The incident at Mr Smith's and the later arrests helped seal their fate. </p><p>In July 1965, one of the gang's victims reported the crime to the police. The victim told the tale of being severely beaten and bruised after being found guilty of disloyalty by a <a href="/wiki/Kangaroo_court" title="Kangaroo court">kangaroo court</a>; he then had to mop up his own blood using his own underpants.<sup id="cite_ref-Charles_Richardson_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Charles_Richardson-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A member of the Richardson gang, Johnny Bradbury, turned <a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Evidence" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen's Evidence">Queen's Evidence</a>. Bradbury was convicted of murdering a business associate named Waldeck in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, allegedly on orders from Charlie Richardson. When sentenced to hang, Bradbury offered to inform on the Richardson gang in exchange for a pardon and immunity. This was arranged by a special squad of the <a href="/wiki/Criminal_Investigation_Department" title="Criminal Investigation Department">CID</a>, led by Inspector Gerald MacArthur.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other victims of the Richardsons were granted <a href="/wiki/Immunity_from_prosecution" class="mw-redirect" title="Immunity from prosecution">immunity from prosecution</a> in other crimes if they turned Queen's Evidence. With the assistance of the <a href="/wiki/Home_Office" title="Home Office">Home Office</a>, which arranged different identities and passports, several witnesses fled the country immediately after the trial. A few went to South Africa and others to Spain or <a href="/wiki/Majorca" class="mw-redirect" title="Majorca">Majorca</a>; many did not return to the UK for a considerable time.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arrests_and_trial">Arrests and trial</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richardson_Gang&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Arrests and trial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Charlie Richardson was arrested for grievous bodily harm on 30 July 1966, the <a href="/wiki/1966_FIFA_World_Cup_final" title="1966 FIFA World Cup final">World Cup final</a> day. Eddie Richardson was sent to prison for five years for <a href="/wiki/Affray" title="Affray">affray</a>. There were also stories of Charlie being connected to the <a href="/wiki/South_African_Bureau_of_State_Security" class="mw-redirect" title="South African Bureau of State Security">South African Bureau of State Security</a> and an attempt to tap then-Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Harold_Wilson" title="Harold Wilson">Harold Wilson</a>'s telephone.<sup id="cite_ref-Charles_Richardson_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Charles_Richardson-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July 1966, police arrested the remaining members of the Richardson gang following a series of raids in South London. </p><p>Accurately dubbed as to allegations, the "Torture Trial" convened at the <a href="/wiki/Old_Bailey" title="Old Bailey">Old Bailey</a> at the beginning of April 1967. The Richardsons were found guilty of fraud, extortion, assault and <a href="/wiki/Grievous_bodily_harm" title="Grievous bodily harm">grievous bodily harm</a>. Charlie Richardson was sentenced to 25 years in prison,<sup id="cite_ref-Hard_as_nails_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hard_as_nails-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Eddie had ten years added to his existing sentence. Charlie Richardson was not freed until July 1984. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richardson_Gang&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1980, after many attempts to obtain release, Charlie Richardson escaped from an open prison. He went "<a href="/wiki/Fugitive" title="Fugitive">on the trot</a>" for almost a year, even dressing as <a href="/wiki/Santa_Claus" title="Santa Claus">Santa Claus</a> and giving out presents to children to publicise his requests for release. He openly drank with friends and old associates (including police officers) at several pubs on the <a href="/wiki/Old_Kent_Road" title="Old Kent Road">Old Kent Road</a> before fleeing to <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, where he gave an interview to a <a href="/wiki/Journalist" title="Journalist">journalist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Charles_Richardson_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Charles_Richardson-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was arrested with five other men in <a href="/wiki/Earl%27s_Court" title="Earl's Court">Earl's Court</a> on suspicion of possession of drugs, having just been seen coming out of a <a href="/wiki/Sex_shop" title="Sex shop">sex shop</a> which was known to be controlled by the Richardson family. His identity only came to light once arrested and in police custody in <a href="/wiki/Kensington" title="Kensington">Kensington</a> when his probation officer contacted the police, having been informed by other gang members that he had been arrested. In 1983, Charlie was able to go on day release to help the handicapped and was allowed to spend a weekend with his family. Charlie was finally released in July 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-Charles_Richardson_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Charles_Richardson-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1990, Eddie Richardson was sentenced to 35 years after being convicted of involvement in a £70 million <a href="/wiki/Cocaine" title="Cocaine">cocaine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)" title="Cannabis (drug)">cannabis</a> heist. He was originally sentenced to 35 years, but was released after 12, bringing his total number of years served to 23.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The brothers fell out badly after Eddie accused Charlie of fraudulent business deals during Eddie's time in prison.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Charlie Richardson died of <a href="/wiki/Peritonitis" title="Peritonitis">peritonitis</a><sup id="cite_ref-The_truth_about_the_Torture_gang_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_truth_about_the_Torture_gang-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in September 2012. A heavy smoker, he had suffered from <a href="/wiki/Emphysema" title="Emphysema">emphysema</a> for several years.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="White_Horse_public_house">White Horse public house</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richardson_Gang&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: White Horse public house"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are pictures of the Richardson gang in the White Horse pub (now a community run venture) in <a href="/wiki/Upton,_Norfolk" title="Upton, Norfolk">Upton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norfolk" title="Norfolk">Norfolk</a>. The gang chose this as their rural "bolt hole" whenever they were under investigation in London. It is alleged that a lot of local houses were built with Richardson gang money, all cash-in-hand, and then sold legitimately, thereby laundering the gang's ill-gotten gains. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richardson_Gang&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Under MacArthur's leadership, the Hertfordshire force was investigating the Richardsons because the <a href="/wiki/Home_Office" title="Home Office">Home Office</a> could not trust the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Police" title="Metropolitan Police">Metropolitan Police</a>, many of whom were in the pay of the Richardsons and other London gangs. By 1966, the Metropolitan Police was allegedly so corrupt that the then Home Secretary, <a href="/wiki/Roy_Jenkins" title="Roy Jenkins">Roy Jenkins</a>, was considering replacing up to 70% of the CID and other specialist branches with CID from Manchester, Kent, Devon & Cornwall and Birmingham. When <a href="/wiki/Robert_Mark" title="Robert Mark">Robert Mark</a> became Police Commissioner in 1972, he succeeded Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Waldron_(police_officer)" title="John Waldron (police officer)">John Waldron</a>. More than 400 CID officers and 300 uniformed police officers were "retired" early. Not long after Mark's appointment, Drury, Wally Virgo, Head of the Serious Crimes Squad, and other senior officers were sent to prison for corruption.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richardson_Gang&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Hard_as_nails-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hard_as_nails_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hard_as_nails_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFArmstrongMyall2012" class="citation web cs1">Armstrong, Jeremy; Myall, Steve (19 September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/kray-twins-gangster-rival-charlie-1332647">"Hard as nails: Kray Twins gangster rival Charlie Richardson dies"</a>. <i>The Mirror</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Mirror&rft.atitle=Hard+as+nails%3A+Kray+Twins+gangster+rival+Charlie+Richardson+dies&rft.date=2012-09-19&rft.aulast=Armstrong&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft.au=Myall%2C+Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mirror.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-news%2Fkray-twins-gangster-rival-charlie-1332647&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichardson+Gang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Charles_Richardson-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Charles_Richardson_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Charles_Richardson_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Charles_Richardson_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Charles_Richardson_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Charles_Richardson_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Charles_Richardson_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/9556430/Charles-Richardson.html">"Obituaries: Charles Richardson"</a>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. 20 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Obituaries%3A+Charles+Richardson&rft.date=2012-09-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fobituaries%2F9556430%2FCharles-Richardson.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichardson+Gang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crime_Library-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Crime_Library_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crime_Library_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Crime_Library_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeshchinskaya2012" class="citation web cs1">Leshchinskaya, Nastacia (27 November 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/blog/2012/11/27/ask-a-former-british-gangster-anything/index.html">"Ask a Former Gangster Anything"</a>. Crime Library.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ask+a+Former+Gangster+Anything&rft.pub=Crime+Library&rft.date=2012-11-27&rft.aulast=Leshchinskaya&rft.aufirst=Nastacia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.trutv.com%2Flibrary%2Fcrime%2Fblog%2F2012%2F11%2F27%2Fask-a-former-british-gangster-anything%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichardson+Gang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rhys_Williams-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rhys_Williams_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rhys_Williams_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1994" class="citation news cs1">Williams, Rhys (17 February 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/gangland-enforcer-sets-the-record-straight-about-the-bad-old-days-rhys-williams-meets-mad-frankie-fraser-once-known-as-britains-most-violent-man-1394588.html">"Gangland enforcer sets the record straight about 'the bad old days': Rhys Williams meets 'Mad' Frankie Fraser, once known as Britain's most violent man"</a>. <i>The Independent</i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Gangland+enforcer+sets+the+record+straight+about+%27the+bad+old+days%27%3A+Rhys+Williams+meets+%27Mad%27+Frankie+Fraser%2C+once+known+as+Britain%27s+most+violent+man&rft.date=1994-02-17&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Rhys&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fgangland-enforcer-sets-the-record-straight-about-the-bad-old-days-rhys-williams-meets-mad-frankie-fraser-once-known-as-britains-most-violent-man-1394588.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichardson+Gang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-New_Statesmen-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-New_Statesmen_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeattie1999" class="citation news cs1">Beattie, Geoffrey (6 December 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newstatesman.com/node/136341">"My night with Mad Frankie Fraser"</a>. <i>New Statesman</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Statesman&rft.atitle=My+night+with+Mad+Frankie+Fraser&rft.date=1999-12-06&rft.aulast=Beattie&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newstatesman.com%2Fnode%2F136341&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichardson+Gang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorton1992" class="citation book cs1">Morton, James (1992). <i>Gangland: Underworld in Britain and Ireland</i>. Little Brown Book Group Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7515-1406-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7515-1406-3"><bdi>0-7515-1406-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gangland%3A+Underworld+in+Britain+and+Ireland&rft.pub=Little+Brown+Book+Group+Limited&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-7515-1406-3&rft.aulast=Morton&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichardson+Gang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_truth_about_the_Torture_gang-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_truth_about_the_Torture_gang_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_truth_about_the_Torture_gang_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_truth_about_the_Torture_gang_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarpenter2012" class="citation web cs1">Carpenter, Julie (21 September 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.express.co.uk/posts/view/347397/The-truth-about-the-Torture-Gang">"The truth about the Torture Gang"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+truth+about+the+Torture+Gang&rft.date=2012-09-21&rft.aulast=Carpenter&rft.aufirst=Julie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.express.co.uk%2Fposts%2Fview%2F347397%2FThe-truth-about-the-Torture-Gang&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichardson+Gang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-flood1-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-flood1_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeeling2010" class="citation cs2">Keeling, Neal (18 April 2010), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/s/1073258_floods_children_win_will_payout">"Flood's children win will payout"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Evening_News" title="Manchester Evening News">Manchester Evening News</a></i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Manchester+Evening+News&rft.atitle=Flood%27s+children+win+will+payout&rft.date=2010-04-18&rft.aulast=Keeling&rft.aufirst=Neal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.manchestereveningnews.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fs%2F1073258_floods_children_win_will_payout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichardson+Gang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-flood2-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-flood2_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/s/1073798_dougie_was_no_gangster">"Dougie was no gangster"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Evening_News" title="Manchester Evening News">Manchester Evening News</a></i>, 19 April 2010</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Manchester+Evening+News&rft.atitle=Dougie+was+no+gangster&rft.date=2010-04-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.manchestereveningnews.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fs%2F1073798_dougie_was_no_gangster&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichardson+Gang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eddierichardson.com/nice_guy_eddie_article.php">"Eddie Richardson and gangland 1960s London"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Eddie+Richardson+and+gangland+1960s+London&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eddierichardson.com%2Fnice_guy_eddie_article.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichardson+Gang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/crime/9554694/Charlie-Richardson-feared-1960s-torture-gangster-dies.html">"Charlie Richardson: Feared 1960s 'torture' gangster dies"</a>. 20 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Charlie+Richardson%3A+Feared+1960s+%27torture%27+gangster+dies&rft.date=2012-09-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuknews%2Fcrime%2F9554694%2FCharlie-Richardson-feared-1960s-torture-gangster-dies.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichardson+Gang" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richardson_Gang&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Donaldson, William. <i>Brewer's Rogues, Villains, and Eccentrics: An A-Z of Roguish Britons Through the Ages</i>. London: Sterling Publishing Company, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7538-1791-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7538-1791-8">0-7538-1791-8</a></li> <li>Parker, Robert. <i>Rough Justice: The Truth about the Richardson Gang</i>. Fontana Books, 1981. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-00-636354-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-00-636354-7">0-00-636354-7</a></li> <li>Richardson, Charlie. <i>My Manor: The Autobiography of Charlie Richardson</i>. Sidgwick & Jackson, 1991. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-283-99709-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-283-99709-5">0-283-99709-5</a></li> <li>Richardson, Eddie. <i>The Last Word: My Life as a Gangland Boss</i>. Headline Book Publishing, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7553-1401-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7553-1401-8">0-7553-1401-8</a></li> <li>Richardson, Charlie and Meikle, David. <i>Charlie Richardson, The Last Gangster</i>. Random House, 2014. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1780891369" title="Special:BookSources/1780891369">1780891369</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="The_Krays188" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="The_Krays188" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kray_twins" title="Kray twins">The Krays</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Boothby,_Baron_Boothby" title="Robert Boothby, Baron Boothby">Robert Boothby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Fineman" title="Bernie Fineman">Bernie Fineman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freddie_Foreman" title="Freddie Foreman">Freddie Foreman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Lambrianou" title="Tony Lambrianou">Tony Lambrianou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Litvinoff" title="David Litvinoff">David Litvinoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Mitchell_(prisoner)" title="Frank Mitchell (prisoner)">Frank Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Rachman" title="Peter Rachman">Peter Rachman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Murder victims</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Cornell" title="George Cornell">George Cornell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_McVitie" title="Jack McVitie">Jack McVitie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Police</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nipper_Read" title="Nipper Read">Nipper Read</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Blind_Beggar" title="The Blind Beggar">The Blind Beggar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esmeralda%27s_Barn" title="Esmeralda's Barn">Esmeralda's Barn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Krays_(film)" title="The Krays (film)">The Krays</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rise_of_the_Krays" title="The Rise of the Krays">The Rise of the Krays</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Legend_(2015_film)" title="Legend (2015 film)">Legend</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fall_of_the_Krays" title="The Fall of the Krays">The Fall of the Krays</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Krays%27_Mad_Axeman" title="The Krays' Mad Axeman">The Krays' Mad Axeman</a></i> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frankie_Fraser" title="Frankie Fraser">Frankie Fraser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joey_Pyle" title="Joey Pyle">Joey Pyle</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Richardson Gang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Kray_twins" title="Category:Kray twins">Category</a></li></ul> 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