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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="cdx-message cdx-message--block cdx-message--warning"><span class="cdx-message__icon"></span><div class="cdx-message__content">The printable version is no longer supported and may have rendering errors. Please update your browser bookmarks and please use the default browser print function instead.</div></div><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Tricameral legislature of the Church of England</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%; background-color: #ededed"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org">General Synod of the Church of England</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_the_Church_of_England-cropped.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Logo_of_the_Church_of_England-cropped.png/170px-Logo_of_the_Church_of_England-cropped.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Logo_of_the_Church_of_England-cropped.png/255px-Logo_of_the_Church_of_England-cropped.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Logo_of_the_Church_of_England-cropped.png 2x" data-file-width="287" data-file-height="287" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Type</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.3em;"><div style="display:inline" class="category"><a href="/wiki/Tricameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Tricameral">tricameral</a></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Chambers</th><td class="infobox-data">House of Bishops<br />House of Clergy<br />House of Laity</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #ededed">Leadership</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Governor_of_the_Church_of_England" title="Supreme Governor of the Church of England">Supreme Governor</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Charles_III" title="Charles III">Charles III</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Justin_Welby" title="Justin Welby">Justin Welby</a> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_York" title="Archbishop of York">Archbishop of</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_York" title="Archbishop of York">York</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.3em"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Cottrell" title="Stephen Cottrell">Stephen Cottrell</a> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>General Synod</b> is the <a href="/wiki/Tricameralism" title="Tricameralism">tricameral</a> deliberative and legislative organ of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Synod" title="Synod">synod</a> was instituted in 1970, replacing the <b>Church Assembly</b>, and is the culmination of a process of rediscovering self-government for the Church of England that had started in the 1850s. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Church_Assembly:_1919_to_1970">Church Assembly: 1919 to 1970</h2></div> <p>Before 1919, any change to the church's worship or governance had to be by <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Act of Parliament">Act of Parliament</a>, which resulted in little being done.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1919, the <a href="/wiki/Convocation_of_the_English_Clergy" class="mw-redirect" title="Convocation of the English Clergy">Convocations</a> of the provinces of <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Canterbury" title="Province of Canterbury">Canterbury</a> and <a href="/wiki/Province_of_York" title="Province of York">York</a> adopted the constitution of the National Church Assembly proposed by the Representative Church Council and presented it to the king as an appendix to an address. The constitution as proposed to the sovereign was then recognised as already existing in the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England_Assembly_(Powers)_Act_1919" title="Church of England Assembly (Powers) Act 1919">Church of England Assembly (Powers) Act 1919</a> (<a href="/wiki/9_%26_10_Geo._5" class="mw-redirect" title="9 & 10 Geo. 5">9 & 10 Geo. 5</a>. c. 76) thus obtaining legal recognition of the assembly without implying that it had been created by Parliament or that Parliament could modify its constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By means of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England_Assembly_(Powers)_Act_1919" title="Church of England Assembly (Powers) Act 1919">Church of England Assembly (Powers) Act 1919</a> Parliament then gave the assembly power to prepare <a href="/wiki/List_of_Church_of_England_measures" title="List of Church of England measures">measures</a> which, once presented to Parliament and approved by a special procedure (<a href="#jump1">see below</a>), were to "have the force and effect of an Act of Parliament" on "any matter concerning the Church of England", and included the power to repeal or amend Acts of Parliament concerning the church.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The preparation of such measures lay mainly with a joint Legislative Committee of the three houses of the assembly and this committee negotiated with the parliamentary Ecclesiastical Committee to reach an agreed form.<sup id="cite_ref-Neill_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Neill-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="jump1"></span>The act required that, after being passed by the assembly, the measure had to be examined by a joint committee of both Houses of <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament</a> which prepared a report to both houses - today known as the <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_Committee" title="Ecclesiastical Committee">Ecclesiastical Committee</a>. If then approved by each House, it was submitted to the <a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">Sovereign</a> for <a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">royal assent</a>. If <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">MPs</a> or members of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a> were not content with a measure then they could vote to reject it, but not amend it.<sup id="cite_ref-Neill_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Neill-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once a measure had been agreed ("deemed expedient") by both Houses of Parliament, and received royal assent, it was (from 1926) printed with the acts of Parliament for the year in question. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_Synod:_from_1970">General Synod: from 1970</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Establishment">Establishment</h3></div> <p>By the <a href="/wiki/Synodical_Government_Measure_1969" title="Synodical Government Measure 1969">Synodical Government Measure 1969</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Church Assembly renamed and reconstituted itself as the General Synod of the Church of England. It also took over almost all the powers formerly exercised by the Convocations of Canterbury and York. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Membership">Membership</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_General_Synod_of_the_Church_of_England" title="Category:Members of the General Synod of the Church of England">Category:Members of the General Synod of the Church of England</a></div> <p>The synod is <a href="/wiki/Tricameral" class="mw-redirect" title="Tricameral">tricameral</a>, consisting of the House of <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">Bishops</a>, the House of <a href="/wiki/Clergy" title="Clergy">Clergy</a> and the House of <a href="/wiki/Laity" title="Laity">Laity</a>. There are currently 467 members in total. </p><p>The <b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bishops_(Church_of_England)" title="House of Bishops (Church of England)">House of Bishops</a></b> is made up of the 30 <a href="/wiki/Diocese" title="Diocese">diocesan</a> bishops in the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Canterbury" title="Province of Canterbury">Province of Canterbury</a>, the 12 diocesan bishops of the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_York" title="Province of York">Province of York</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Dover" title="Bishop of Dover">Bishop of Dover</a> (who functions as diocesan bishop of Canterbury, in the Province of Canterbury), and seven other suffragan bishops (four from Canterbury and three from York) elected by all suffragan bishops. </p><p>The <b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Clergy" title="House of Clergy">House of Clergy</a></b> comprises clergy elected from the following: </p> <ul><li>128 from the dioceses of the Province of Canterbury,</li> <li>54 from the dioceses of the Province of York,</li> <li>4 from among clergy teaching in universities or theological colleges. One must be from the Province of York (this arrangement replaced seats for specific universities as of the 2015 election),</li> <li>6 <a href="/wiki/Dean_(religion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dean (religion)">deans</a> elected from <a href="/wiki/Cathedral" title="Cathedral">cathedrals</a>, plus either the <a href="/wiki/Dean_of_Jersey" title="Dean of Jersey">Dean of Jersey</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Dean_of_Guernsey" title="Dean of Guernsey">Dean of Guernsey</a>,</li> <li>the 3 principal Anglican <a href="/wiki/Chaplains" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaplains">chaplains</a> (and archdeacons) of the <a href="/wiki/British_Armed_Forces" title="British Armed Forces">Armed Services</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> plus the <a href="/wiki/Chaplain-General_of_Prisons" title="Chaplain-General of Prisons">Chaplain-General of Prisons</a> (and Archdeacon), and</li> <li>2 members of <a href="/wiki/Anglican_religious_order" title="Anglican religious order">religious communities</a>.</li></ul> <p>Members of the <b><a href="/wiki/House_of_Laity" title="House of Laity">House of Laity</a></b> are elected by lay members of the <a href="/wiki/Deanery_Synod" class="mw-redirect" title="Deanery Synod">Deanery Synod</a> in each Diocese every five years by a system of <a href="/wiki/Single_transferable_vote" title="Single transferable vote">single transferable vote</a>. There are: </p> <ul><li>up to 170 members elected by the laity of the Province of Canterbury,</li> <li>up to 80 members elected by the laity of the Province of York,</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Dean_of_the_Arches" title="Dean of the Arches">Dean of the Arches</a>,</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Vicar-General" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicar-General">Vicars-General</a> of the Provinces of Canterbury and York,</li> <li>the three <a href="/wiki/Church_Commissioners" title="Church Commissioners">Church Estate Commissioners</a>,</li> <li>the Chairman of the Central Board of Finance,</li> <li>the Chairman of the Church of England Pensions Board,</li> <li>the members of the <a href="/wiki/Archbishops%27_Council" title="Archbishops' Council">Archbishops' Council</a> who are <a href="/wiki/Communicant" class="mw-redirect" title="Communicant">communicants</a> of the Church of England.</li></ul> <p>There are two or three synodical sessions per year (4–5 days each), one or two in <a href="/wiki/Church_House_(Church_of_England)" class="mw-redirect" title="Church House (Church of England)">Church House</a>, <a href="/wiki/City_of_Westminster" title="City of Westminster">Westminster</a>, the other at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_York" title="University of York">University of York</a>, and each session is officially opened by the monarch. The Archbishops of <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Canterbury</a> and <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_York" title="Archbishop of York">York</a> preside jointly. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Archbishops_of_Canterbury_and_York_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Archbishops_of_Canterbury_and_York_2022.jpg/220px-Archbishops_of_Canterbury_and_York_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Archbishops_of_Canterbury_and_York_2022.jpg/330px-Archbishops_of_Canterbury_and_York_2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Archbishops_of_Canterbury_and_York_2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="427" data-file-height="486" /></a><figcaption>The joint presidents, the archbishops of York and Canterbury, pictured together in September 2022</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Functions">Functions</h3></div> <p>The functions of the synod are: </p> <ul><li>legislation: <ul><li>to pass <a href="/wiki/List_of_Church_of_England_measures" title="List of Church of England measures">measures</a> dealing with the government of the church and its institutions,</li> <li>to pass <a href="/wiki/Canon_law" title="Canon law">canons</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> determining <a href="/wiki/Doctrine" title="Doctrine">doctrine</a> and the form of worship,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>to approve the <a href="/wiki/Liturgy" title="Liturgy">liturgy</a> and make other rules and regulations through Acts of Synod,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>to regulate relations with other churches,</li> <li>to consider and express their opinion on any other matters of religious or public interest, and</li> <li>to approve or reject the annual budget of the church</li></ul> <p>Measures or canons must be passed by a majority of the members of each house of the synod. Most other business can be passed by a majority of the members of the synod overall. However changes to church <a href="/wiki/Doctrine" title="Doctrine">doctrine</a>, rites and ceremonies, or the administration of the <a href="/wiki/Sacraments" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacraments">sacraments</a>, can only be made in the form agreed by the House of Bishops. Also, changes in the services of <a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a> or <a href="/wiki/Holy_Communion" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Communion">Holy Communion</a>, as well as proposals for union with any other church, cannot be approved unless they have also been approved by a majority of the <a href="/wiki/Diocesan_synod" title="Diocesan synod">diocesan synods</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some measures do not extend to the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Sodor_and_Man" title="Diocese of Sodor and Man">Diocese of Sodor and Man</a> unless so provided by a measure passed by the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Sodor_and_Man" title="Diocese of Sodor and Man">Sodor and Man</a> <a href="/wiki/Diocesan_Synod" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocesan Synod">Diocesan Synod</a> and approved by <a href="/wiki/Tynwald" title="Tynwald">Tynwald</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Measures are applied directly to the Channel Islands, in the legislation, under provisions of the <a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands_Measure_2020" title="Channel Islands Measure 2020">Channel Islands Measure 2020</a>. </p><p>The General Synod also elects some members of the <a href="/wiki/Archbishops%27_Council" title="Archbishops' Council">Archbishops' Council</a>. </p><p>Meetings of the General Synod have been allowed to be remote, since the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, under measures that were originally meant to be temporary but have been extended.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/31px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/47px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/62px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/32px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/48px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/64px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:England" title="Portal:England">England portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doctrine_Commission_(Church_of_England)" title="Doctrine Commission (Church of England)">Doctrine Commission</a>: In existence between 1922 and 2010. Latterly commission of General Synod</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enabling_act#United_Kingdom" title="Enabling act">Enabling Act</a>: Includes brief background of reasons which led to the act being passed</li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Covenant" title="English Covenant">English Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_and_Order_Commission_(Church_of_England)" title="Faith and Order Commission (Church of England)">Faith and Order Commission</a>: Replaced Faith and Order Advisory Group in 2010</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_England_measure" title="Church of England measure">Church of England measure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Church_of_England_measures" title="List of Church of England measures">List of Church of England measures</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houses_of_Laymen" title="Houses of Laymen">Houses of Laymen</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Garbett, Cyril. <i>The Claims of the Church of England</i> Hodder & Stoughton:1947, pp.192f</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Iremonger, F.A. <i>William Temple</i>, OUP:1948, p.273</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statutelaw.gov.uk/legResults.aspx?LegType=All%20Primary&PageNumber=4&BrowseLetter=C&NavFrom=1&activeTextDocId=1072984">Church of England Assembly (Powers) Act 1919</a> (1919 c.76 9 and 10 Geo 5) on the UK Statute Law Database website – retrieved 9 May 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Neill-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Neill_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Neill_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Neill, Stephen. <i>Anglicanism</i> Penguin:1960, p.437</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukcm/1969/2/contents">"Synodical Government Measure 1969"</a>. 1969<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Synodical+Government+Measure+1969&rft.date=1969&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.gov.uk%2Fukcm%2F1969%2F2%2Fcontents&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Synod+of+the+Church+of+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">usually the <a href="/wiki/Chaplain_of_the_Fleet" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaplain of the Fleet">Chaplain of the Fleet</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chaplain_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaplain General">Chaplain General</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Chaplain-in-Chief" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaplain-in-Chief">Chaplain-in-Chief</a>, or their Anglican deputies if the most senior chaplain is from a different denomination</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofengland.org/more/policy-and-thinking/canons-church-england/canons-7th-edition">7th Edition of the Canons of the Church of England</a> - retrieved 2 June 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">It was through an amendment to the Canons that women were admitted to the priesthood – Canon C4B (now repealed and replaced by new Canon C4). The making of the Canon was authorised by the Priests (Ordination of Women) Measure 1993 (now repealed and replaced by the Bishops and Priests (Consecration and Ordination of Women) Measure 2014).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For example, the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cofe.anglican.org/about/churchlawlegis/faq/episactofsynod.rtf">Episcopal Ministry Act of Synod 1993</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080827232102/http://www.cofe.anglican.org/about/churchlawlegis/faq/episactofsynod.rtf">Archived</a> 27 August 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (retrieved 9 May 2008) formerly made provision for those parishes which would not accept women priests to be overseen by alternative bishops. It has been replaced by the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofengland.org/sites/default/files/2017-11/GS%20Misc%201076%20Women%20in%20the%20Episcopate.pdf">House of Bishops’ Declaration on the Ministry of Bishops and Priests (GS Misc 1076)</a> (retrieved 2 May 2019).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Constitution of the General Synod, set out in Schedule 2 of the Synodical Government Measure 1969</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGumbley1994" class="citation journal cs1">Gumbley, K F W (July 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gumbley.net/article.htm">"Church Legislation in the Isle of Man"</a>. <i>Ecclesiastical Law Journal</i>. <b>3</b> (15): 240. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0956618X00005858">10.1017/S0956618X00005858</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ecclesiastical+Law+Journal&rft.atitle=Church+Legislation+in+the+Isle+of+Man&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=15&rft.pages=240&rft.date=1994-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0956618X00005858&rft.aulast=Gumbley&rft.aufirst=K+F+W&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gumbley.net%2Farticle.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Synod+of+the+Church+of+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">General Synod of the Church of England. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legislation.gov.uk/ukcm/2020/3">General Synod (Remote Meetings) Measure 2020</a></i> as amended (see also <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legislation.gov.uk/asc/2020/3/enacted">enacted form</a>), from <a href="/wiki/Legislation.gov.uk" title="Legislation.gov.uk">legislation.gov.uk</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofengland.org/sites/default/files/2024-07/standing-orders-updated-jul-24.pdf">"Standing Orders"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Church of England</i>. The Archbishops’ Council. 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240901030042/https://www.churchofengland.org/sites/default/files/2024-07/standing-orders-updated-jul-24.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 1 September 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Church+of+England&rft.atitle=Standing+Orders&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.churchofengland.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2024-07%2Fstanding-orders-updated-jul-24.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeneral+Synod+of+the+Church+of+England" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.churchofengland.org/more/policy-and-thinking/work-general-synod">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/user/ArchbishopsCouncil">Short film shown at General Synod in November 2015 to portray the Church of England</a></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=General_Synod_of_the_Church_of_England&oldid=1258638178">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=General_Synod_of_the_Church_of_England&oldid=1258638178</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Church_of_England" title="Category:Church of England">Church of England</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Church_of_England_legislation" title="Category:Church of England legislation">Church of England legislation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Law_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Law of the United Kingdom">Law of the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Church_of_England_ecclesiastical_polity" title="Category:Church of England ecclesiastical polity">Church of England ecclesiastical polity</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1919_establishments_in_England" title="Category:1919 establishments in England">1919 establishments in England</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1970_disestablishments" title="Category:1970 disestablishments">1970 disestablishments</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Governing_assemblies_of_religious_organizations" title="Category:Governing assemblies of religious organizations">Governing assemblies of religious organizations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tricameral_legislatures" title="Category:Tricameral legislatures">Tricameral legislatures</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Official_website_different_in_Wikidata_and_Wikipedia" title="Category:Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia">Official website different in Wikidata and Wikipedia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_August_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from August 2020">Use dmy dates from August 2020</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 20 November 2024, at 20:18<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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