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href="//web.archive.org/web/20150327210349cs_/http://bits.wikimedia.org/en.wikipedia.org/load.php?debug=false&lang=en&modules=ext.gadget.DRN-wizard%2CReferenceTooltips%2Ccharinsert%2Cfeatured-articles-links%2CrefToolbar%2Cswitcher%2Cteahouse%7Cext.rtlcite%2Cwikihiero%2CwikimediaBadges%7Cext.uls.nojs%7Cext.visualEditor.viewPageTarget.noscript%7Cmediawiki.legacy.commonPrint%2Cshared%7Cmediawiki.sectionAnchor%7Cmediawiki.skinning.interface%7Cmediawiki.ui.button%7Cskins.vector.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector&*"/> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150327210349cs_/http://bits.wikimedia.org/en.wikipedia.org/load.php?debug=false&lang=en&modules=site&only=styles&skin=vector&*"/> <style>a:lang(ar),a:lang(kk-arab),a:lang(mzn),a:lang(ps),a:lang(ur){text-decoration:none} /* cache key: enwiki:resourceloader:filter:minify-css:7:3904d24a08aa08f6a68dc338f9be277e */</style> <script 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class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="hatnote">For historical geography of Vietnam, see <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Vietnam" title="History of Vietnam">History of Vietnam</a>.</div> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:402px;"><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VietnamOMC.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150327210349im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/VietnamOMC.png/400px-VietnamOMC.png" width="400" height="785" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150327210349im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/VietnamOMC.png/600px-VietnamOMC.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150327210349im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/VietnamOMC.png 2x" data-file-width="755" data-file-height="1482"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VietnamOMC.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> Vietnam's cities and towns</div> </div> </div> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VietnameseRegions.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150327210349im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/VietnameseRegions.png/220px-VietnameseRegions.png" width="220" height="325" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150327210349im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/VietnameseRegions.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150327210349im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/VietnameseRegions.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="443"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VietnameseRegions.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> Regions of Vietnam</div> </div> </div> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vietnam_Topography.png" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150327210349im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Vietnam_Topography.png/220px-Vietnam_Topography.png" width="220" height="346" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150327210349im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Vietnam_Topography.png/330px-Vietnam_Topography.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150327210349im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Vietnam_Topography.png/440px-Vietnam_Topography.png 2x" data-file-width="1320" data-file-height="2075"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vietnam_Topography.png" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> Topographic map of Vietnam</div> </div> </div> <p><b><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></b> is located on the eastern margin of the <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indochina" title="Indochina" class="mw-redirect">Indochinese peninsula</a> and occupies about 331,211.6 square kilometers, of which about 25% was under cultivation in 1987. It borders the <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Thailand" title="Gulf of Thailand">Gulf of Thailand</a>, <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Tonkin" title="Gulf of Tonkin">Gulf of Tonkin</a>, and <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a>, alongside China, <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a>, and <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a>. The S-shaped country has a north-to-south distance of 1,650 kilometers and is about 50 kilometers wide at the narrowest point. With a coastline of 3,260 kilometers, excluding <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Vietnam" title="List of islands of Vietnam">islands</a>, Vietnam claims 12 nautical miles (22.2 km; 13.8 mi) as the limit of its territorial waters, an additional 12 nautical miles (22.2 km; 13.8 mi) as a contiguous customs and security zone, and 200 nautical miles (370.4 km; 230.2 mi) as an <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone" title="Exclusive economic zone">exclusive economic zone</a>.</p> <p>The boundary with Laos, settled on both an ethnic and geographical basis, between the rulers of Vietnam and Laos in the mid-seventeenth century with the <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annamite_Range" title="Annamite Range">Annamite Range</a> as a reference, was formally defined by a <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delimitation" title="Delimitation" class="mw-redirect">delimitation</a> treaty signed in 1977 and ratified in 1986. The frontier with Cambodia, defined at the time of French annexation of the western part of the <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekong_Delta" title="Mekong Delta">Mekong Delta</a> in 1867, remained essentially unchanged, according to <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanoi" title="Hanoi">Hanoi</a>, until some unresolved border issues were finally settled in the 1982-85 period. The land and sea boundary with China, delineated under the France-China treaties of 1887 and 1895, is "the frontier line" accepted by Hanoi that China agreed in 1957- 58 to respect. However, in February 1979, following China's limited invasion of Vietnam, Hanoi complained that from 1957 onward China had provoked numerous border incidents as part of its anti-Vietnam policy and <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expansionism" title="Expansionism">expansionist</a> designs in Southeast Asia. Among the territorial infringements cited was the Chinese occupation in January 1974 of the <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracel_Islands" title="Paracel Islands">Paracel Islands</a>, claimed by both countries in a dispute left unresolved in the 1980s.</p> <p><span style="font-size: small;"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150327210349/http://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Geography_of_Vietnam&params=16_00_N_108_00_E_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">16°00′N</span> <span class="longitude">108°00′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">16.000°N 108.000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">16.000; 108.000</span></span></span></a></span></span></span></p> <p></p> <div id="toc" class="toc"> <div id="toctitle"> <h2>Contents</h2> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Physiography"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Physiography</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Terrain"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Terrain</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Red_River_Delta"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Red River Delta</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Highlands"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Highlands</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Central_Highlands"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Central Highlands</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#Coastal_lowlands"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Coastal lowlands</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="#Mekong_Delta"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Mekong Delta</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Climate"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Climate</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#Area_and_boundaries"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Area and boundaries</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#Resources_and_land_use"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Resources and land use</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Environmental_concerns"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Environmental concerns</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-14"><a href="#Sources"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">Sources</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <p></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Physiography">Physiography</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Vietnam&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Physiography">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>The country is divided into the highlands and the <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_River_Delta" title="Red River Delta">Red River Delta</a> in the north; and the Dãy Trường Sơn (Central mountains, or the Chaîne Annamitique, sometimes referred to simply as "the Chaine."), the coastal lowlands, and the Mekong Delta in the south.</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Terrain">Terrain</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Vietnam&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Terrain">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Vietnam is a country of tropical lowlands, hills, and densely forested highlands, with level land covering no more than 20% of the area.</p> <p>The spectacular <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%E1%BA%A3n_Gi%E1%BB%91c_Waterfall" title="Bản Giốc Waterfall" class="mw-redirect">Bản Giốc Waterfall</a> is 272 km north of Hanoi and few tourists are seen there.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="hatnote boilerplate seealso">See also: <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinces_of_Vietnam" title="Provinces of Vietnam">Provinces of Vietnam</a></div> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Red_River_Delta">Red River Delta</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Vietnam&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Red River Delta">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>The <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_River_(Asia)" title="Red River (Asia)">Red River</a> Delta (also known as the <i>Sông Hồng</i>), is a flat, triangular region of 15,000 square kilometers,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> is smaller but more intensely developed and more densely populated than the <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekong_Delta" title="Mekong Delta">Mekong Delta</a>. Once an inlet of the <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Tonkin" title="Gulf of Tonkin">Gulf of Tonkin</a>, it has been filled in by the enormous <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alluvial_fan" title="Alluvial fan">alluvial deposits</a> of the rivers over a period of millennia, and it advances one hundred meters into the Gulf annually<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. The ancestral home of the ethnic Vietnamese, the delta accounted for almost 70% of the agriculture and 80% of the industry of North Vietnam before 1975.</p> <p>The Red River, rising in China's <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunnan" title="Yunnan">Yunnan</a> Province, is about 1,200 kilometers long. Its two main tributaries, the Sông Lô (also called the Lo River, the Riviere Claire, or the Clear River) and the <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_River_(Asia)" title="Black River (Asia)">Sông Đà</a> (also called the Black River or Riviere Noire), contribute to its high water volume, which averages 4,300 cubic meters per second.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> The entire delta region, backed by the steep rises of the forested highlands, is no more than three meters above sea level, and much of it is one meter or less. The area is subject to frequent flooding; at some places the high-water mark of floods is fourteen meters above the surrounding countryside. For centuries flood control has been an integral part of the delta's culture and economy. An extensive system of <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dike_(construction)" title="Dike (construction)" class="mw-redirect">dikes</a> and <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canal" title="Canal">canals</a> has been built to contain the Red River and to irrigate the rich rice-growing delta. Modeled on that of China's, this ancient system has sustained a highly concentrated population and has made <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-cropping" title="Double-cropping" class="mw-redirect">double-cropping</a> wet-rice cultivation possible throughout about half the region.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Highlands">Highlands</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Vietnam&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Highlands">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div class="hatnote boilerplate seealso">See also: <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zomia_(geography)" title="Zomia (geography)">Zomia (geography)</a></div> <div class="thumb tleft"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:152px;"><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vietnamese_valley.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150327210349im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Vietnamese_valley.JPG/150px-Vietnamese_valley.JPG" width="150" height="113" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150327210349im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Vietnamese_valley.JPG/225px-Vietnamese_valley.JPG 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150327210349im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Vietnamese_valley.JPG/300px-Vietnamese_valley.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3296" data-file-height="2472"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vietnamese_valley.JPG" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> A valley in the north.</div> </div> </div> <p>The highlands and mountain plateaus in the north and northwest are inhabited mainly by tribal minority groups. The Dãy Trường Sơn (<a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annamite_Range" title="Annamite Range">Annamite Range</a>) originates in the <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibetan</a> and Yunnan regions of southwest China and forms Vietnam's border with Laos. It terminates in the Mekong River Delta north of <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Hồ Chí Minh City</a> (formerly Saigon).</p> <p>These central mountains, which have several high <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plateau" title="Plateau">plateaus</a>, are irregular in elevation and form. The northern section is narrow and very rugged; the country's highest peak, <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fansipan" title="Fansipan">Fan Si Pan</a>, rises to 3,142 meters in the extreme northwest. The southern portion has numerous spurs that divide the narrow coastal strip into a series of compartments. For centuries these topographical features not only rendered north-south communication difficult but also formed an effective natural barrier for the containment of the people living in the Mekong basin.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Central_Highlands">Central Highlands</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Vietnam&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Central Highlands">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <div class="hatnote boilerplate seealso">See also: <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zomia_(geography)" title="Zomia (geography)">Zomia (geography)</a></div> <p>Within the southern portion of Vietnam is a plateau known as the <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Highlands_(Vietnam)" title="Central Highlands (Vietnam)">Central Highlands</a> (Tây Nguyên), approximately 51,800 square kilometers of rugged mountain peaks, extensive forests, and rich soil. Comprising 5 relatively flat plateaus of <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">basalt</a> soil spread over the provinces of <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%AFk_L%E1%BA%AFk_Province" title="Đắk Lắk Province">Đắk Lắk</a> (or "Dac Lac"), <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gia_Lai_Province" title="Gia Lai Province">Gia Lai</a>, and <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kon_Tum_Province" title="Kon Tum Province">Kon Tum</a>, the highlands account for 16% of the country's <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arable_land" title="Arable land">arable land</a> and 22% of its total forested land. Before 1975, <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Vietnam" title="North Vietnam">North Vietnam</a> had maintained that the Central Highlands and the Giai Truong Son were strategic areas of paramount importance, essential to the domination not only of South Vietnam but also of the southern part of Indochina. Since 1975, the highlands have provided an area in which to relocate people from the densely populated lowlands.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Coastal_lowlands">Coastal lowlands</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Vietnam&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Coastal lowlands">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>The narrow, flat coastal lowlands extend from south of the Red River Delta to the Mekong River basin. On the landward side, the Dãy Trường Sơn rises precipitously above the coast, its spurs jutting into the sea at several places. Generally the coastal strip is fertile and rice is cultivated intensively.</p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Mekong_Delta">Mekong Delta</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Vietnam&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Mekong Delta">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>The Mekong Delta, covering about 40,000 square kilometers, is a low-level plain not more than three meters above sea level at any point and criss-crossed by a maze of canals and rivers. So much sediment is carried by the Mekong's various branches and tributaries that the delta advances sixty to eighty meters into the sea every year. An official Vietnamese source estimates the amount of sediment deposited annually to be about 1 billion cubic meters, or nearly 13 times the amount deposited by the Red River. About 10,000 square kilometers of the delta are under rice cultivation, making the area one of the major rice-growing regions of the world. The southern tip, known as the <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A0_Mau_Province" title="Cà Mau Province">Cà Mau Peninsula</a> is covered by dense jungle and <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangrove" title="Mangrove">mangrove</a> swamps.</p> <p>The Mekong, which is 4,220 kilometers long, is one of the 12 great rivers of the world. From its source in the <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Plateau" title="Tibetan Plateau">Tibetan Plateau</a>, it flows through the Tibetan and Yunnan regions of China, forms the boundary between Laos and <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar" class="mw-redirect">Myanmar</a> as well as between Laos and Thailand. At <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phnom_Penh" title="Phnom Penh">Phnom Penh</a> it merges with the <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonl%C3%A9_Sap" title="Tonlé Sap">Tonlé Sap</a> and divides into two branches - the Sông Hậu Giang (Hậu Giang river) (known as the <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bassac_River" title="Bassac River">Bassac River</a> on the Cambodian side) and the Sông Tiền Giang (Tiền Giang river) - and continues through Cambodia and the Mekong basin before draining into the <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_China_Sea" title="South China Sea">South China Sea</a> through nine mouths known as the <i>Cửu Long</i> (nine dragons). The river is heavily silted and is navigable by seagoing craft of shallow draft as far as <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kampong_Cham_(city)" title="Kampong Cham (city)">Kompong Cham</a> in Cambodia. A tributary entering the river at Phnom Penh drains the <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonl%C3%A9_Sap" title="Tonlé Sap">Tonlé Sap</a>, a shallow <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freshwater" title="Freshwater" class="mw-redirect">freshwater</a> lake that acts as a natural reservoir to stabilize the flow of water through the lower Mekong. When the river is in flood stage, its <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silt" title="Silt">silted</a> delta outlets are unable to carry off the high volume of water. Floodwaters back up into the Tonlé Sap, causing the lake to inundate as much as 10,000 square kilometers. As the flood subsides, the flow of water reverses and proceeds from the lake to the sea. The effect is to reduce significantly the danger of devastating floods in the Mekong delta, where the river floods the surrounding fields each year to a level of one to two meters.</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Climate">Climate</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Vietnam&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <table class="infobox" style="width: 19.5em; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; border: solid 1px silver" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <th>Vietnam</th> </tr> <tr> <th style="font-size: 90%">Climate chart (<a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Climate_chart/How_to_read_a_climate_chart" title="Template:Climate chart/How to read a climate chart">explanation</a>)</th> </tr> <tr> <td> <table class="infobox" style="width: 100%; margin: 0; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; border: none; font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <td>J</td> <td>F</td> <td>M</td> <td>A</td> <td>M</td> <td>J</td> <td>J</td> <td>A</td> <td>S</td> <td>O</td> <td>N</td> <td>D</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.38em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">19</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.4em;height:1.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">20</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.9em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">12</span></div> </div> </td> <td> <div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.54em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">27</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.6em;height:1.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.2em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">21</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.1em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">13</span></div> </div> </td> <td> <div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.78em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">39</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11.6em;height:1.2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.8em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">24</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.1em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">18</span></div> </div> </td> <td> <div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.6em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">80</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:12.2em;height:1.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.8em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">29</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.7em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">21</span></div> </div> </td> <td> <div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:3.96em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">198</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:12.4em;height:2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.4em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">32</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.9em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">22</span></div> </div> </td> <td> <div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:4.8em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">240</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:13em;height:1.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.6em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">33</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.5em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">25</span></div> </div> </td> <td> <div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:6.44em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">322</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:13.2em;height:1.2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.4em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">32</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.7em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">26</span></div> </div> </td> <td> <div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:6.9em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">345</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:13em;height:1.4em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.4em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">32</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.5em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">25</span></div> </div> </td> <td> <div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:5em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">250</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:12.8em;height:1.4em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.2em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">31</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.3em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">24</span></div> </div> </td> <td> <div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.98em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">99</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:12.6em;height:1em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.6em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">28</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.1em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">23</span></div> </div> </td> <td> <div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.88em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">44</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11.8em;height:1.2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">25</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.3em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">19</span></div> </div> </td> <td> <div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.42em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">21</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11.2em;height:1em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.2em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">21</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.7em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">16</span></div> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em; color: red">Average max. and min. temperatures in °C</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em; color: blue">Precipitation totals in mm</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><i>Source: <span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150327210349/http://www.vietnamembassy.org.uk/climate.html">"The Climate of Vietnam"</a>. The Embassy of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in the United Kingdom.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Vietnam&rft.btitle=The+Climate+of+Vietnam&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vietnamembassy.org.uk%2Fclimate.html&rft.pub=The+Embassy+of+the+Socialist+Republic+of+Vietnam+in+the+United+Kingdom.&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></i></td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <table class="infobox collapsible collapsed" style="width: 100%; margin: 0; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; border: none; font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tr> <th colspan="12">Imperial conversion</th> </tr> <tr> <td>J</td> <td>F</td> <td>M</td> <td>A</td> <td>M</td> <td>J</td> <td>J</td> <td>A</td> <td>S</td> <td>O</td> <td>N</td> <td>D</td> </tr> <tr> <td> <div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.38em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0.7</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.4em;height:1.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">68</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.9em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">54</span></div> </div> </td> <td> <div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.54em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">1.1</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.6em;height:1.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.2em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">70</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.1em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">55</span></div> </div> </td> <td> <div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.78em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">1.5</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11.6em;height:1.2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.8em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">75</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.1em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">64</span></div> </div> </td> <td> <div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.6em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">3.1</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:12.2em;height:1.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.8em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">84</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.7em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">70</span></div> </div> </td> <td> <div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:3.96em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">7.8</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:12.4em;height:2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.4em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">90</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.9em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">72</span></div> </div> </td> <td> <div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:4.8em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">9.4</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:13em;height:1.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.6em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">91</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.5em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">77</span></div> </div> </td> <td> <div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:6.44em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">13</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:13.2em;height:1.2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.4em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">90</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.7em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">79</span></div> </div> </td> <td> <div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:6.9em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">14</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:13em;height:1.4em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.4em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">90</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.5em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">77</span></div> </div> </td> <td> <div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:5em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">9.8</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:12.8em;height:1.4em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:14.2em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">88</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.3em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">75</span></div> </div> </td> <td> <div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.98em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">3.9</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:12.6em;height:1em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13.6em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">82</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.1em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">73</span></div> </div> </td> <td> <div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.88em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">1.7</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11.8em;height:1.2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:13em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">77</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.3em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">66</span></div> </div> </td> <td> <div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:0.42em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">0.8</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:11.2em;height:1em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12.2em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">70</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.7em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">61</span></div> </div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em; color: red">Average max. and min. temperatures in °F</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em; color: blue">Precipitation totals in inches</td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fires_in_Burma,_Thailand,_Laos,_and_Vietnam.jpg" class="image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150327210349im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Fires_in_Burma%2C_Thailand%2C_Laos%2C_and_Vietnam.jpg/220px-Fires_in_Burma%2C_Thailand%2C_Laos%2C_and_Vietnam.jpg" width="220" height="147" class="thumbimage" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150327210349im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Fires_in_Burma%2C_Thailand%2C_Laos%2C_and_Vietnam.jpg/330px-Fires_in_Burma%2C_Thailand%2C_Laos%2C_and_Vietnam.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150327210349im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Fires_in_Burma%2C_Thailand%2C_Laos%2C_and_Vietnam.jpg/440px-Fires_in_Burma%2C_Thailand%2C_Laos%2C_and_Vietnam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6872" data-file-height="4581"/></a> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fires_in_Burma,_Thailand,_Laos,_and_Vietnam.jpg" class="internal" title="Enlarge"></a></div> Hundreds of active fires burning across the hills and valleys of <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burma" title="Burma">Myanmar</a> <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a>, and Vietnam (labelled with red dots).</div> </div> </div> <p>Vietnam in the northern regions have a <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a>, with <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humidity" title="Humidity">humidity</a> averaging 84% throughout the year. However, because of differences in <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latitude" title="Latitude">latitude</a> and the marked variety of topographical relief, the climate tends to vary considerably from place to place. During the winter or dry season, extending roughly from November to April, the monsoon winds usually blow from the northeast along the China coast and across the <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Tonkin" title="Gulf of Tonkin">Gulf of Tonkin</a>, picking up considerable moisture; consequently the winter season in most parts of the country is dry only by comparison with the rainy or summer season. During the southwesterly summer monsoon, occurring from May to October, the heated air of the <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobi_Desert" title="Gobi Desert">Gobi Desert</a> rises, far to the north, inducing moist air to flow inland from the sea and deposit heavy rainfall. The climate in the southern regions especially <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh_City" title="Ho Chi Minh City">Ho Chi Minh City</a> and surrounding Mekong Delta is predominantly <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_savanna_climate" title="Tropical savanna climate">Tropical savanna climate</a> with high humidity and a distinct wet and dry season.</p> <p>Annual rainfall is substantial in all regions and torrential in some, ranging from 1,200 to 3,000 millimeters (47.2 to 118.1 in). Nearly 90% of the precipitation occurs during the summer. The average annual temperature is generally higher in the plains than in the mountains and plateaus. Temperatures range from a low of 5 °C (41 °F) in December and January, the coolest months, to more than 37 °C (98.6 °F) in April, the hottest month. Seasonal divisions are more clearly marked in the northern half than in the southern half of the country, where, except in some of the highlands, seasonal temperatures vary only a few degrees, usually in the 21–28 °C (69.8–82.4 °F) range.</p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Area_and_boundaries">Area and boundaries</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Vietnam&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Area and boundaries">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p><b>Area</b>:</p> <dl> <dd>total: 331,210 km²</dd> <dd>land: 310,070 km²</dd> <dd>water: 21,140 km²</dd> </dl> <p><b>Area - comparative</b>:</p> <dl> <dd>slightly larger than the state of <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a> in the United States.</dd> <dd>slightly smaller than <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a>, Canada.</dd> <dd>somewhat less than half as big as <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a>, Australia.</dd> <dd>about 1⅓ times the United Kingdom's size.</dd> </dl> <p><b>Land Boundaries</b>:</p> <dl> <dd>total: 4 639 km</dd> <dd>border countries: Cambodia (1 228 km), China (1 281 km), Laos (2 130 km)</dd> </dl> <p><b>Coastline</b>: 3 444 km (excludes <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Vietnam" title="List of islands of Vietnam">islands</a>)</p> <p><b>Maritime Claims</b>:</p> <dl> <dd>contiguous zone: 24 <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nautical_mile" title="Nautical mile">nmi</a> (44.4 km; 27.6 mi)</dd> <dd>continental shelf: 200 nmi (370.4 km; 230.2 mi) or to the edge of the continental margin</dd> <dd>exclusive economic zone: 200 nmi (370.4 km; 230.2 mi)</dd> <dd>territorial sea: 12 nmi (22.2 km; 13.8 mi)</dd> </dl> <p><b>Elevation extremes</b>:</p> <dl> <dd>lowest point: South China Sea 0 m</dd> <dd>highest point: <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fansipan" title="Fansipan">Fansipan</a> 3 144 m</dd> </dl> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Resources_and_land_use">Resources and land use</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Vietnam&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Resources and land use">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p><b>Natural resources</b>: <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphates" title="Phosphates" class="mw-redirect">phosphates</a>, <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal" title="Coal">coal</a>, <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manganese" title="Manganese">manganese</a>, rare earth elements, <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauxite" title="Bauxite">bauxite</a>, offshore <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">oil</a> and <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas" title="Gas">gas</a> deposits, <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timber" title="Timber" class="mw-redirect">timber</a>, <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydropower" title="Hydropower">hydropower</a></p> <p><b>Land use</b>:</p> <dl> <dd>arable land: 19.64%</dd> <dd>permanent crops: 11.18%</dd> <dd>other: 69.18% (2011)</dd> </dl> <p><b>Irrigated land</b>: 45,850 km² (2005)</p> <p><b>Total renewable water resources:</b> 864.1 km<sup>3</sup> (2011)</p> <p><b>Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural)</b>:</p> <dl> <dd>total: 82.03 km<sup>3</sup>/yr (1%/4%/95%)</dd> <dd>per capita: 965 m<sup>3</sup>/yr (2005)</dd> </dl> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Environmental_concerns">Environmental concerns</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Vietnam&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Environmental concerns">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p><b>Natural hazards</b>: occasional typhoons (May to January) with extensive flooding, especially in the Mekong Delta.</p> <p><b>Environment</b> - current issues: <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logging" title="Logging">Logging</a> and <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slash-and-burn" title="Slash-and-burn">slash-and-burn</a> agricultural practices contribute to <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">deforestation</a> and <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_degradation" title="Soil degradation" class="mw-redirect">soil degradation</a>; <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_pollution" title="Water pollution">water pollution</a> and <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overfishing" title="Overfishing">overfishing</a> threaten <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_life" title="Marine life" class="mw-redirect">marine life</a> populations; <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundwater_contamination" title="Groundwater contamination" class="mw-redirect">groundwater contamination</a> limits <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drinking_water" title="Drinking water">potable water</a> supply; growing <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urbanization" title="Urbanization">urbanization</a> and <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_migration" title="Human migration">human migration</a> are rapidly degrading <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environment_(biophysical)" title="Environment (biophysical)">environment</a> in Hanoi and Hồ Chí Minh City</p> <p><b>Environment</b> - international agreements: party to: <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodiversity" title="Biodiversity">Biodiversity</a>, <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Framework_Convention_on_Climate_Change" title="United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change">Climate Change</a>, <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_Change-Kyoto_Protocol" title="Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol" class="mw-redirect">Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol</a>, <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desertification" title="Desertification">Desertification</a>, <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endangered_Species" title="Endangered Species" class="mw-redirect">Endangered Species</a>, <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_Modification" title="Environmental Modification" class="mw-redirect">Environmental Modification</a>, <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazardous_Wastes" title="Hazardous Wastes" class="mw-redirect">Hazardous Wastes</a>, <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_the_Sea" title="Law of the Sea" class="mw-redirect">Law of the Sea</a>, <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_Layer_Protection" title="Ozone Layer Protection" class="mw-redirect">Ozone Layer Protection</a>, Ship Pollution (<a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MARPOL_73/78" title="MARPOL 73/78">MARPOL 73/78</a>), <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wetlands" title="Wetlands" class="mw-redirect">Wetlands</a></p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Vietnam&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha_Long_Bay" title="Ha Long Bay" class="mw-redirect">Ha Long Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_endangered_species_in_Vietnam" title="List of endangered species in Vietnam">List of endangered species in Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zomia_(geography)" title="Zomia (geography)">Zomia (geography)</a></li> </ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Vietnam&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150327210349/http://www.smile.com.vn/vietnam_destinations/vietnam_destinations_travel_tours_cao_bang_ban_gioc.htm">"Vietnam Destinations: Ban Gioc (Cao Bang)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-02-12</span></span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Vietnam&rft.btitle=Vietnam+Destinations%3A++Ban+Gioc+%28Cao+Bang%29&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smile.com.vn%2Fvietnam_destinations%2Fvietnam_destinations_travel_tours_cao_bang_ban_gioc.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150327210349/http://xttm.agroviet.gov.vn/en/newsletter/2005/September.asp">Agroviet Newsletter September 2005</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150327210349/http://www.wepa-db.net/policies/state/vietnam/surface.htm">"State of water: Vietnam."</a>. Water Environment Partnership in Asia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-03-26</span></span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeography+of+Vietnam&rft.btitle=State+of+water%3A+Vietnam.&rft.genre=book&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wepa-db.net%2Fpolicies%2Fstate%2Fvietnam%2Fsurface.htm&rft.pub=Water+Environment+Partnership+in+Asia&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span></li> </ol> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Sources">Sources</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Vietnam&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul> <li><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150327210349im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" width="12" height="12" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150327210349im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150327210349im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196"/> This article incorporates <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright_status_of_work_by_the_U.S._government" title="Copyright status of work by the U.S. government" class="mw-redirect">public domain material</a> from websites or documents of the <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Country_Studies" title="Library of Congress Country Studies">Library of Congress Country Studies</a>.</li> <li><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150327210349im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" width="12" height="12" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150327210349im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150327210349im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196"/> This article incorporates <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright_status_of_work_by_the_U.S._government" title="Copyright status of work by the U.S. government" class="mw-redirect">public domain material</a> from websites or documents of the <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIA_World_Factbook" title="CIA World Factbook" class="mw-redirect">CIA World Factbook</a>.</li> </ul> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td style="padding:2px"> <table class="nowraplinks hlist collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Vietnam_topics" title="Template:Vietnam topics"><span title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Vietnam_topics" title="Template talk:Vietnam topics"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Vietnam_topics&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> <a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Vietnam-related_topics" title="List of Vietnam-related topics" class="mw-redirect">topics</a></div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Vietnam" title="History of Vietnam">History</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;;background:transparent;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Vietnamese_history" title="Timeline of Vietnamese history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Vietnam#Early_Dynastic_Epoch_.28c._2879.E2.80.93111_BC.29" title="History of Vietnam">Early Dynastic Epoch</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_domination_of_Vietnam" title="Chinese domination of Vietnam">Chinese Millennium</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Vietnam#Late_Dynastic_Epoch_.28939.E2.80.931945.29" title="History of Vietnam">Late Dynastic Epoch</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Vietnam_since_1945" title="History of Vietnam since 1945">Republican Period</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> <td class="navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"> <div><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam"><img alt="Map of Vietnam - Bản đồ Việt Nam - Transparent Background.png" src="//web.archive.org/web/20150327210349im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Map_of_Vietnam_-_B%E1%BA%A3n_%C4%91%E1%BB%93_Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam_-_Transparent_Background.png/100px-Map_of_Vietnam_-_B%E1%BA%A3n_%C4%91%E1%BB%93_Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam_-_Transparent_Background.png" width="100" height="209" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20150327210349im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Map_of_Vietnam_-_B%E1%BA%A3n_%C4%91%E1%BB%93_Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam_-_Transparent_Background.png/150px-Map_of_Vietnam_-_B%E1%BA%A3n_%C4%91%E1%BB%93_Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam_-_Transparent_Background.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20150327210349im_/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Map_of_Vietnam_-_B%E1%BA%A3n_%C4%91%E1%BB%93_Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam_-_Transparent_Background.png/200px-Map_of_Vietnam_-_B%E1%BA%A3n_%C4%91%E1%BB%93_Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam_-_Transparent_Background.png 2x" data-file-width="335" data-file-height="701"/></a></div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><strong class="selflink">Geography</strong></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ecoregions_in_Vietnam" title="List of ecoregions in Vietnam">Ecoregions</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Vietnam" title="Northern Vietnam">Northern Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Vietnam" title="Central Vietnam">Central Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Vietnam" title="Southern Vietnam">Southern Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Central_Coast" title="North Central Coast">North Central Coast <small style="font-size:85%;">(Bắc Trung Bộ)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northeast_(Vietnam)" title="Northeast (Vietnam)">Northeast <small style="font-size:85%;">((Đông Bắc)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southeast_(Vietnam)" title="Southeast (Vietnam)">Southeast <small style="font-size:85%;">(Đông Nam Bộ)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mekong_Delta" title="Mekong Delta">Mekong Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Central_Coast" title="South Central Coast">South Central Coast <small style="font-size:85%;">(Nam Trung Bộ)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinces_of_Vietnam" title="Provinces of Vietnam">Provinces</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_River_Delta" title="Red River Delta">Red River Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwest_(Vietnam)" title="Northwest (Vietnam)">Northwest <small style="font-size:85%;">(Tây Bắc)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Highlands_(Vietnam)" title="Central Highlands (Vietnam)">Central Highlands <small style="font-size:85%;">(Tây Nguyên)</small></a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Vietnam" title="Politics of Vietnam">Politics</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Socialist_Republic_of_Vietnam" title="Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Vietnam" title="Foreign relations of Vietnam">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_in_Vietnam" title="Human rights in Vietnam">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Vietnam" title="LGBT rights in Vietnam">LGBT</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Communist Party of Vietnam">Communist Party</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_central_officeholders_in_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="List of central officeholders in the Communist Party of Vietnam">History of central officeholders</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Congress_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam">National Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam">General Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Committee_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Central Committee of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Central Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Politburo of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Politburo</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Secretariat of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Secretariat</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"> <div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Executive and<br/> legislative</div> </th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Vietnam" title="Government of Vietnam">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Vietnam" title="President of Vietnam">President</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Vietnam" title="Prime Minister of Vietnam">Prime Minister</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Assembly_(Vietnam)" title="National Assembly (Vietnam)">National Assembly</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chairman_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Vietnam" title="Chairman of the National Assembly of Vietnam">Chairmen</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standing_Committee_of_the_National_Assembly" title="Standing Committee of the National Assembly">Standing Committee</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_Vietnam" title="Elections in Vietnam">Elections</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judicial_system_of_Vietnam" title="Judicial system of Vietnam">Judiciary</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_People%27s_Court_of_Vietnam" title="Supreme People's Court of Vietnam">Supreme People's Court</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provincial_Municipal_Courts_of_Vietnam" title="Provincial Municipal Courts of Vietnam">Provincial Municipal Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Courts_of_Vietnam" title="Local Courts of Vietnam">Local Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Courts_of_Vietnam" title="Military Courts of Vietnam">Military Courts</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Army_of_Vietnam" title="People's Army of Vietnam">Military</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Military_Commission_of_the_Communist_Party_of_Vietnam" title="Central Military Commission of the Communist Party of Vietnam">Central Military Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s_Army_of_Vietnam#Main_force" title="People's Army of Vietnam">Ground Force</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Navy" title="Vietnam People's Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Air_Force" title="Vietnam People's Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_Coast_Guard" title="Vietnam Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_Border_Defense_Force" title="Vietnam Border Defense Force">Border Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_Air_Defense_Force" title="Vietnam Air Defense Force" class="mw-redirect">Air Defense</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_People%27s_Public_Security" title="Vietnam People's Public Security">Security forces <small style="font-size:85%;">(police)</small></a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Vietnam" title="Economy of Vietnam">Economy</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_Vietnam" title="Agriculture in Vietnam">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_Moi" title="Doi Moi"><i>Doi Moi</i> <small style="font-size:85%;">("Renovation")</small></a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamese_%C4%91%E1%BB%93ng" title="Vietnamese đồng" class="mw-redirect">Dong <small style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five-Year_Plans_of_Vietnam" title="Five-Year Plans of Vietnam">Five-Year Plans</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_rankings_of_Vietnam" title="International rankings of Vietnam">International rankings</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturing_in_Vietnam" title="Manufacturing in Vietnam">Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Vietnam" title="Telecommunications in Vietnam">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism_in_Vietnam" title="Tourism in Vietnam">Tourism</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_Vietnam" title="Transport in Vietnam">Transport</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_transport_in_Vietnam" title="Air transport in Vietnam">Air</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_airlines_of_Vietnam" title="List of airlines of Vietnam">airlines</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jetstar_Pacific_Airlines" title="Jetstar Pacific Airlines">Jetstar Pacific Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_Airlines" title="Vietnam Airlines">Vietnam Airlines</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Vietnam" title="List of airports in Vietnam">airports</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Da_Nang_International_Airport" title="Da Nang International Airport">Da Nang</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noi_Bai_International_Airport" title="Noi Bai International Airport">Noi Bai</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tan_Son_Nhat_International_Airport" title="Tan Son Nhat International Airport">Tan Son Nhat</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam_Railways" title="Vietnam Railways">Rail</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Vietnamese_society" title="Category:Vietnamese society">Society</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px;background:transparent;"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div> <table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Vietnam" title="Demographics of Vietnam">Demographics</a> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overseas_Vietnamese" title="Overseas Vietnamese">diaspora</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Vietnam" title="Education in Vietnam">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Vietnam" title="Ethnic groups in Vietnam" class="mw-redirect">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Vietnam" title="Public holidays in Vietnam">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_in_Vietnam" title="Time in Vietnam">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_Vietnam" title="Women in Vietnam">Women</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Vietnam" title="Culture of Vietnam">Culture</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamese_art" title="Vietnamese art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arts_and_entertainment_in_Vietnam" title="Arts and entertainment in Vietnam" class="mw-redirect">Arts and entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Vietnam" title="Coat of arms of Vietnam" class="mw-redirect">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_Vietnamese_dance" title="Traditional Vietnamese dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinema_of_Vietnam" title="Cinema of Vietnam">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamese_cuisine" title="Vietnamese cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Vietnam" title="Flag of Vietnam">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamese_literature" title="Vietnamese literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Vietnamese_martial_arts" title="History of Vietnamese martial arts" class="mw-redirect">Martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_of_Vietnam" title="Media of Vietnam">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Vietnam" title="Music of Vietnam">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_Vietnam" title="Religion in Vietnam">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatre_of_Vietnam" title="Theatre of Vietnam">Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnamese_studies" title="Vietnamese studies">Vietnamese studies</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="padding:0.25em;"> <div> <div style="margin-top:0;line-height:1.4em;margin-bottom:-0.2em;"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_Vietnam" title="Outline of Vietnam">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_Vietnam-related_articles" title="Index of Vietnam-related articles">Index</a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="margin-top:-0.2em;line-height:1.4em;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book:Vietnam" title="Book:Vietnam">Book</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Vietnam" title="Category:Vietnam">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Vietnam" title="Portal:Vietnam">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Vietnam" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Vietnam">WikiProject</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td style="padding:2px"> <table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Geography_of_Asia" title="Template:Geography of Asia"><span title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Geography_of_Asia" title="Template talk:Geography of Asia"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Geography_of_Asia&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Asia" title="Geography of Asia">Geography of Asia</a></div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Afghanistan" title="Geography of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Armenia" title="Geography of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Azerbaijan" title="Geography of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Bahrain" title="Geography of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Bangladesh" title="Geography of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Bhutan" title="Geography of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Brunei" title="Geography of Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Burma" title="Geography of Burma">Burma (Myanmar)</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Cambodia" title="Geography of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_China" title="Geography of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Cyprus" title="Geography of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_East_Timor" title="Geography of East Timor">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Egypt" title="Geography of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Geography of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_India" title="Geography of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Indonesia" title="Geography of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Iran" title="Geography of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Iraq" title="Geography of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Israel" title="Geography of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Japan" title="Geography of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Jordan" title="Geography of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Kazakhstan" title="Geography of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_North_Korea" title="Geography of North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_South_Korea" title="Geography of South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Kuwait" title="Geography of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Geography of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Laos" title="Geography of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Lebanon" title="Geography of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Malaysia" title="Geography of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_the_Maldives" title="Geography of the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Mongolia" title="Geography of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Nepal" title="Geography of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Oman" title="Geography of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Pakistan" title="Geography of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_the_Philippines" title="Geography of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Qatar" title="Geography of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Russia" title="Geography of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Geography of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Singapore" title="Geography of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Geography of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Syria" title="Geography of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Tajikistan" title="Geography of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Thailand" title="Geography of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Turkey" title="Geography of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Turkmenistan" title="Geography of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Geography of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Uzbekistan" title="Geography of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><strong class="selflink">Vietnam</strong></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Yemen" title="Geography of Yemen">Yemen</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br/> limited recognition</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Abkhazia" title="Geography of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_the_Nagorno-Karabakh_Republic" title="Geography of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic" class="mw-redirect">Nagorno-Karabakh</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Geography of Northern Cyprus" class="mw-redirect">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_the_Palestinian_territories" title="Geography of the Palestinian territories" class="mw-redirect">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_South_Ossetia" title="Geography of South Ossetia" class="mw-redirect">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Taiwan" title="Geography of Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br/> other territories</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="Geography of the British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Christmas_Island" title="Geography of Christmas Island" class="mw-redirect">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Geography of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands" class="mw-redirect">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Hong_Kong" title="Geography of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Macau" title="Geography of Macau">Macau</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table> <table class="navbox" style="border-spacing:0"> <tr> <td style="padding:2px"> <table class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"> <div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><span title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">v</span></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><span title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">t</span></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Asia_topic&action=edit"><span title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;">e</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Asia" title="Climate of Asia">Climate of Asia</a></div> </th> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Afghanistan" title="Climate of Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Armenia" title="Climate of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Azerbaijan" title="Climate of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Bahrain" title="Climate of Bahrain" class="mw-redirect">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Bangladesh" title="Climate of Bangladesh" class="mw-redirect">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Bhutan" title="Climate of Bhutan" class="mw-redirect">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Brunei" title="Climate of Brunei" class="mw-redirect">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Burma" title="Climate of Burma" class="mw-redirect">Burma (Myanmar)</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Cambodia" title="Climate of Cambodia" class="mw-redirect">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_China" title="Climate of China" class="mw-redirect">China</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Cyprus" title="Climate of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_East_Timor" title="Climate of East Timor" class="mw-redirect">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Egypt" title="Climate of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Climate of Georgia (country)" class="mw-redirect">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_India" title="Climate of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Indonesia" title="Climate of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Iran" title="Climate of Iran" class="mw-redirect">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Iraq" title="Climate of Iraq" class="mw-redirect">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Israel" title="Climate of Israel" class="mw-redirect">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Japan" title="Climate of Japan" class="mw-redirect">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Jordan" title="Climate of Jordan" class="mw-redirect">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Kazakhstan" title="Climate of Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_North_Korea" title="Climate of North Korea" class="mw-redirect">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_South_Korea" title="Climate of South Korea" class="mw-redirect">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Kuwait" title="Climate of Kuwait" class="mw-redirect">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Climate of Kyrgyzstan" class="mw-redirect">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Laos" title="Climate of Laos" class="mw-redirect">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Lebanon" title="Climate of Lebanon" class="mw-redirect">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Malaysia" title="Climate of Malaysia" class="mw-redirect">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_the_Maldives" title="Climate of the Maldives" class="mw-redirect">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Mongolia" title="Climate of Mongolia" class="mw-redirect">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Nepal" title="Climate of Nepal" class="mw-redirect">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Oman" title="Climate of Oman" class="mw-redirect">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Pakistan" title="Climate of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_the_Philippines" title="Climate of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Qatar" title="Climate of Qatar" class="mw-redirect">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Russia" title="Climate of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Climate of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Singapore" title="Climate of Singapore" class="mw-redirect">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Climate of Sri Lanka" class="mw-redirect">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Syria" title="Climate of Syria" class="mw-redirect">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Tajikistan" title="Climate of Tajikistan" class="mw-redirect">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Thailand" title="Climate of Thailand" class="mw-redirect">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Turkey" title="Climate of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Turkmenistan" title="Climate of Turkmenistan" class="mw-redirect">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Climate of the United Arab Emirates" class="mw-redirect">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Uzbekistan" title="Climate of Uzbekistan" class="mw-redirect">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Vietnam" title="Climate of Vietnam" class="mw-redirect">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Yemen" title="Climate of Yemen" class="mw-redirect">Yemen</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with<br/> limited recognition</a></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Abkhazia" title="Climate of Abkhazia" class="mw-redirect">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_the_Nagorno-Karabakh_Republic" title="Climate of the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic" class="mw-redirect">Nagorno-Karabakh</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Northern_Cyprus" title="Climate of Northern Cyprus" class="mw-redirect">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_the_Palestinian_territories" title="Climate of the Palestinian territories" class="mw-redirect">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_South_Ossetia" title="Climate of South Ossetia" class="mw-redirect">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Taiwan" title="Climate of Taiwan" class="mw-redirect">Taiwan</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group"><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and<br/> other territories</th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Climate_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Climate of the British Indian Ocean Territory (page does not exist)">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Christmas_Island" title="Climate of Christmas Island" class="mw-redirect">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Climate_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Climate of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands (page does not exist)">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Hong_Kong" title="Climate of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20150327210349/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Macau" title="Climate of Macau" class="mw-redirect">Macau</a></li> </ul> </div> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> </table>    <noscript><img src="//web.archive.org/web/20150327210349im_/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" title="" 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