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</ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Executive_head" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Executive_head"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Executive head</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Executive_head-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Principal_conductors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Principal_conductors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Principal conductors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Principal_conductors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diplomatic_occasions_(2011)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diplomatic_occasions_(2011)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Diplomatic 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free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p>The <b>China National Symphony Orchestra</b> (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>: <span lang="zh-Hans"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD" class="extiw" title="wikt:中国">中国</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6" class="extiw" title="wikt:国家">国家</a><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E4%BA%A4%E5%93%8D%E4%B9%90%E5%9B%A2" class="extiw" title="wikt:交响乐团">交响乐团</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>: <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Zhōngguó Guójiā Jiāoxiǎng Yuètuán</span></i>; abbreviated <b>CNSO</b>) is China's national orchestra. </p><p>It was founded as the <b>Central Philharmonic Orchestra of China (CPOC)</b> in 1956 under the baton of the conductor <a href="/wiki/Li_Delun" title="Li Delun">Li Delun</a>. In 1996, it was restructured and renamed the China National Symphony Orchestra.<sup id="cite_ref-cl_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Xia Guan is the orchestra's executive director.<sup id="cite_ref-cami_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cami-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The orchestra's principal conductor is <a href="/wiki/Michel_Plasson" title="Michel Plasson">Michel Plasson</a>, principal resident conductor is Xincao Li, <a href="/wiki/Muhai_Tang" title="Muhai Tang">Muhai Tang</a> is the conductor laureate and <a href="/w/index.php?title=En_Shao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="En Shao (page does not exist)">En Shao</a> is the principal guest conductor.<sup id="cite_ref-cnso_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnso-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_National_Symphony_Orchestra&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Founding_and_first_concert">Founding and first concert</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_National_Symphony_Orchestra&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Founding and first concert"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Li Delun conducted the first concert in Beijing in commemoration of the 200th anniversary of the birth of <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart" title="Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart">Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart</a> after the founding of CPOC. On October 1, 1959, the concert of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony was performed by the orchestra in Beijing, and all the musicians were Chinese. In 1996, the Central Philharmonic was restructured and renamed the CNSO. At that time, the CNSO not only played much western classical music such as Beethoven, Brahms, Tchaikovsky, and Wagner, but it also introduced many works such as Yellow River Cantata by Chinese composers.<sup id="cite_ref-cami_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cami-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_director">First director</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_National_Symphony_Orchestra&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: First director"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to ChinaCulture website, the CNSO's first director, Delun Li, born in 1917, was a famous musician and conductor in China. He graduated from the Shanghai Conservatory in 1943, and he studied in the Moscow Conservatory from 1953 to 1957. He conducted over twenty orchestras throughout the former USSR. In the fall of 1957, he returned to China to be Conductor and Artistic Director of the CNSO. Delun Li, as a guest conductor, toured Spain, Germany, Canada, and the United States. He introduced many Chinese composers’ works abroad, for example, The Yellow River Cantata and Song of Mountain Forest. He was awarded the Liszt Memory Medal by the Ministry of Culture and Education of Hungary in 1986, and in 1997, he was awarded the National Medal of Friendship by President Yeltsin of Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-cl_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beijing_Concert_Hall">Beijing Concert Hall</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_National_Symphony_Orchestra&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Beijing Concert Hall"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Beijing_Concert_Hall" title="Beijing Concert Hall">Beijing Concert Hall</a> was founded as the Center Cinema in 1927. It was rebuilt for the CNSO in 1960 on the Beixinhuajie in Xicheng District which is on the south of Liubukou. The Beijing Concert Hall can accommodate an audience of up to 1,024 people.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Executive_head">Executive head</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_National_Symphony_Orchestra&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Executive head"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Currently, Xia Guan, a famous composer, is the executive head of the CNSO. He was born in Henan Province. He graduated from the Department of Composition of the China Central Conservatory of Music and played the violin and erhu. Before being the director of the CNSO, he was the director of the Opera Company at the China Opera and Dance Drama Theatre. Also, he was vice director of the China Oriental Song and Dance Ensemble. He has composed a number of songs which leave a deep impression on the audience.<sup id="cite_ref-cnso1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnso1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His operatic symphony Mulan Psalm was first performed in Beijing in 2004 and at the Lincoln Center in New York in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-cami_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cami-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "One year later it was the first Chinese opera to be conducted by a foreign conductor, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Helmrath" title="Michael Helmrath">Michael Helmrath</a>, to be played by a foreign orchestra- the Brandenburg Symphony Orchestra and to be sung by foreign artists in Chinese”.<sup id="cite_ref-cnso_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnso-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Guan's main compositions include: Fantasies Symphoniques: Farewell My Concubine (2005), the Chinese opera Sorrowful Morning, and Mulan Psalm.<sup id="cite_ref-cnso1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnso1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Principal_conductors">Principal conductors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_National_Symphony_Orchestra&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Principal conductors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The current conductors of CNSO include the French conductor <a href="/wiki/Michel_Plasson" title="Michel Plasson">Michel Plasson</a> who was nominated as the Principal Conductor of the CNSO in March 2010. Tang Muhai is the laureate conductor. Xincao Li is the principal resident conductor, Shao En is the principal guest conductor, Xieyang Chen is the guest conductor, and Yunzhi Liu is the concertmaster.<sup id="cite_ref-cami_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cami-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first principal conductor and artistic director Zuohuang Chen came back from USA and built the CNSO based on the original CPOC. During Chen's tenure during 1996 and 2000, CNSO was believed the best orchestra in China at that time. However, Chen did not accept the contract renewal in 2000 even though CNSO hoped he could continue.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The famous conductor <a href="/wiki/Muhai_Tang" title="Muhai Tang">Muhai Tang</a> took over the artistic director but left the position one year later without formal resignation due to the conflicts with the executive Songlin Yu.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There was no principal conductor or artistic director in CNSO until En Shao took the position in 2006. Shao was in the position for one season only and served as guest conductor afterwards. Finally in 2010, CNSO the 4th principal conductor Michel Plass started to lead CNSO, but he has not been with the title artistic director. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diplomatic_occasions_(2011)"><span id="Diplomatic_occasions_.282011.29"></span>Diplomatic occasions (2011)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_National_Symphony_Orchestra&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Diplomatic occasions (2011)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>In April 2011, the CNSO performed for <a href="/wiki/Hu_Jintao" title="Hu Jintao">Hu Jintao</a>, Russian <a href="/wiki/President_Medvedev" class="mw-redirect" title="President Medvedev">President Medvedev</a>, and other leaders who attended the <a href="/wiki/3rd_BRICS_summit" title="3rd BRICS summit">third BRICS summit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cnso-intro_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnso-intro-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In April 2011, the CNSO performed for the leaders who were at <a href="/wiki/Boao_Forum_for_Asia" title="Boao Forum for Asia">Boao Forum for Asia</a> Annual Conference 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-cnso-intro_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnso-intro-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On August 18, 2011, the CNSO performed for the US Vice President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>, the Chinese Vice President <a href="/wiki/Xi_Jinping" title="Xi Jinping">Xi Jinping</a>, and other government officials in the <a href="/wiki/Great_Hall_of_the_People" title="Great Hall of the People">Great Hall of the People</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cnso-intro_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnso-intro-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>On August 26, 2011, the CNSO performed for the ambassadors from different countries at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.<sup id="cite_ref-cnso-intro_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cnso-intro-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_National_Symphony_Orchestra&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wu_Yili" title="Wu Yili">Wu Yili</a>, the first solo pianist of the orchestra</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_National_Symphony_Orchestra&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-cl-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cl_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cl_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040824030845/http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/en_artqa/2003-09/24/content_39884.htm">"Prominent Conductor: Li Delun"</a>. China Culture. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinaculture.org/gb/en_artqa/2003-09/24/content_39884.htm">the original</a> on 24 August 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prominent+Conductor%3A+Li+Delun.&rft.pub=China+Culture&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinaculture.org%2Fgb%2Fen_artqa%2F2003-09%2F24%2Fcontent_39884.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+National+Symphony+Orchestra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cami-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cami_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cami_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cami_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cami_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cami.com/?webid=2169.">"China National Symphony Orchestra"</a>. Columbia Artists Management Inc<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=China+National+Symphony+Orchestra.&rft.pub=Columbia+Artists+Management+Inc.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cami.com%2F%3Fwebid%3D2169.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+National+Symphony+Orchestra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cnso-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cnso_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cnso_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.cnso.com.cn">http://www.cnso.com.cn</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080205124612/http://www.cnso.com.cn/">Archived</a> 2008-02-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> China National Symphony Orchestra Official Web Site.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bjconcerthall.cn/">"Beijing Concert Hall"</a>. Beijing Concert Hall.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beijing+Concert+Hall&rft.pub=Beijing+Concert+Hall&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bjconcerthall.cn%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+National+Symphony+Orchestra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cnso1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cnso1_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cnso1_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120426030107/http://chinanationalchorus.com/guan-xia">"Guan Xia"</a>. China National Chorus. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chinanationalchorus.com/guan-xia">the original</a> on 26 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guan+Xia&rft.pub=China+National+Chorus&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchinanationalchorus.com%2Fguan-xia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+National+Symphony+Orchestra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.people.com.cn/digest/200008/11/wy081108.html">http://www.people.com.cn/digest/200008/11/wy081108.html</a> Why Zuohuang Chen resigned</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://ent.sina.com.cn/c/i/2001-08-18/54266.html">http://ent.sina.com.cn/c/i/2001-08-18/54266.html</a> CNSO head Songlin Yu broke the silence, telling Tang's leaving</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cnso-intro-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cnso-intro_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cnso-intro_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cnso-intro_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cnso-intro_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111212224026/http://www.cnso.com.cn/Introduction">"China National Symphony Orchestra"</a>. China National Symphony Orchestra. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnso.com.cn/Introduction">the original</a> on 12 December 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=China+National+Symphony+Orchestra&rft.pub=China+National+Symphony+Orchestra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnso.com.cn%2FIntroduction&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChina+National+Symphony+Orchestra" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=China_National_Symphony_Orchestra&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080205124612/http://www.cnso.com.cn/">China National Symphony Orchestra official site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_symphony_orchestras#China,_People's_Republic_of" title="List of symphony orchestras">List of Symphony Orchestras in Greater China -PRC. HKSAR. Macao SAR and Taiwan</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:China National Symphony Orchestra Musical Directors/Principal Conductors"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="China_National_Symphony_Orchestra_Artistic_Directors/Principal_Conductors" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">China National Symphony Orchestra</a> Artistic Directors/Principal Conductors</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zuohuang_Chen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zuohuang Chen (page does not exist)">Zuohuang Chen</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhai_Tang" title="Muhai Tang">Muhai Tang</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=En_Shao&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="En Shao (page does not exist)">En Shao</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Plasson" title="Michel Plasson">Michel Plasson</a> (2010)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844090#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844090#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121673034">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/138005199">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2008072555">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14247411b">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14247411b">BnF data</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" 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