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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" 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.hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Rana_Ahmad_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Rana Ahmad (disambiguation)">Rana Ahmad (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Rana Ahmad</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Rana_Ahmad_De_Balie_2019.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Rana_Ahmad_De_Balie_2019.png/220px-Rana_Ahmad_De_Balie_2019.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Rana_Ahmad_De_Balie_2019.png/330px-Rana_Ahmad_De_Balie_2019.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Rana_Ahmad_De_Balie_2019.png/440px-Rana_Ahmad_De_Balie_2019.png 2x" data-file-width="1330" data-file-height="832" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Ahmad speaking at Celebrating Dissent 2019 at <a href="/wiki/De_Balie" title="De Balie">De Balie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1985 (age 39–40)<sup id="cite_ref-Lussato_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lussato-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a><sup id="cite_ref-RFIvideo_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RFIvideo-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Location: 0:06">: 0:06 </span></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Syrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian">Syrian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Women's rights activist</li><li>Author</li><li>Speaker</li><li>Refugee worker</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Abandonment of Islam</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Notable work</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Frauen dürfen hier nicht träumen</i></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Rana Ahmad</b> or <b>Rana Ahmad Hamd</b><sup id="cite_ref-Meyn_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (born 1985<sup id="cite_ref-Lussato_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lussato-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is the <a href="/wiki/Pseudonym" title="Pseudonym">pseudonym</a><sup id="cite_ref-Lussato_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lussato-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of a <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syrian</a> women's rights activist and <a href="/wiki/Ex-Muslims" title="Ex-Muslims">ex-Muslim</a> born in <a href="/wiki/Riyadh" title="Riyadh">Riyadh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, who fled to <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> in 2015, where she currently resides.<sup id="cite_ref-RFIvideo_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RFIvideo-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Location: 0:10">: 0:10 </span></sup> Her flight, assisted by <a href="/wiki/Atheist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Atheist Republic">Atheist Republic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Faith_to_Faithless" title="Faith to Faithless">Faith to Faithless</a>, was partially documented in the <i>Vice News</i> documentary <i>Leaving Islam: Rescuing Ex-Muslims</i> (2017). Her 2018 German-language autobiography <i>Frauen dürfen hier nicht träumen</i> ('Women Aren't Allowed to Dream Here'<sup id="cite_ref-RFIvideo_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RFIvideo-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Location: 0:14">: 0:14 </span></sup>), also translated into French,<sup id="cite_ref-RFItext_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RFItext-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and became a <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Spiegel</a></i> Top-10-best-seller.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, Ahmad founded the <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Atheist_Refugee_Relief" title="Atheist Refugee Relief">Atheist Refugee Relief</a><sup id="cite_ref-Prange_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prange-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the goal of providing 'practical assistance to refugees without religion and to improve their living conditions through political work.'<sup id="cite_ref-ARRconcept_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARRconcept-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rana_Ahmad&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Youth">Youth</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rana_Ahmad&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Youth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ahmad's father came from <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> to work as a construction manager in Saudi Arabia in the mid-1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyn_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Four years later, he married Ahmad's mother in Syria and took her to Riyadh.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyn_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ahmad was born there in 1985<sup id="cite_ref-Lussato_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lussato-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has an older and a younger brother and an older sister.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyn_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her family was deeply religious,<sup id="cite_ref-Meyn_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in her words 'an extremist family compared to other families in our society', and that she and her siblings were taught the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> from the age of 4.<sup id="cite_ref-MEMRI_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MEMRI-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ahmad went to a state girls' school,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where more than a quarter of all education was dedicated to religion.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyn_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was taught that all non-Muslims would go to hell, and that hating Christians and Jews was a religious duty.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyn_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was allowed to <a href="/wiki/Cycling" title="Cycling">cycle</a> around on her bike, for example to buy groceries, when the family was on holiday at her father's parents in Syria. But at the age of 10, her grandfather took her bike away, saying she was 'too old for that now', which she felt robbed her of her most important freedom.<sup id="cite_ref-gbsBuchpremiere_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gbsBuchpremiere-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Location: 5:58">: 5:58 </span></sup> Amhad did not understand why it should be considered <i><a href="/wiki/Haram" title="Haram">haram</a></i> if "big girls" like her ride a bike, but not if boys do the same.<sup id="cite_ref-gbsBuchpremiere_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gbsBuchpremiere-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Location: 11:33, 13:30">: 11:33, 13:30 </span></sup> The very next day,<sup id="cite_ref-gbsBuchpremiere_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gbsBuchpremiere-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Location: 14:21">: 14:21 </span></sup> also from the age of 10, Ahmad was compelled to wear an <a href="/wiki/Abaya" title="Abaya">abaya</a><sup id="cite_ref-Meyn_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a black <a href="/wiki/Hijab" title="Hijab">hijab</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MEMRI_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MEMRI-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gbsBuchpremiere_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gbsBuchpremiere-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Location: 5:58, 14:21">: 5:58, 14:21 </span></sup> Although Saudi law does not require women to wear headgear that is more restrictive than the hijab, at age 13 Ahmad was compelled by her family and her school to wear an even more face-covering <a href="/wiki/Niqab" class="mw-redirect" title="Niqab">niqab</a>, which only left her eyes uncovered.<sup id="cite_ref-MEMRI_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MEMRI-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although she didn't understand the religious rules that were subsequently imposed upon her, she accepted and complied.<sup id="cite_ref-RFItext_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RFItext-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She had never had any contact with a boy or man that was not related to her until she reached adulthood.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyn_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Higher_education_and_online_exploration">Higher education and online exploration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rana_Ahmad&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Higher education and online exploration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the age of 19, Ahmad was to be <a href="/wiki/Arranged_marriage" title="Arranged marriage">married off</a>, and an engagement party took place in Syria, but because her would-be husband refused to move to Saudi Arabia and she refused to move to Syria, the plans did not materialise.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyn_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile, her husband turned abusive and prompted her to seek a divorce and move back in with her parents, which stained her reputation in society.<sup id="cite_ref-RFItext_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RFItext-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She rejected three more marriage proposals by Saudi men in subsequent years, arguing she wanted to advance her education first.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyn_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ahmad attended vocational school courses in English and <a href="/wiki/Electronic_data_processing" title="Electronic data processing">EDP</a>, then worked as a receptionist and office worker in various medical practices and hospitals.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyn_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the Saudi <a href="/wiki/Wali_(Islamic_legal_guardian)" title="Wali (Islamic legal guardian)">male guardianship system</a>, however, she could barely leave the house and if she wanted to travel by car, her male relatives had to drive her; she wasn't allowed to travel alone.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyn_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, the restrictions and obligations of being a married woman made her question her role, her religion and evolved into a desire for freedom.<sup id="cite_ref-RFItext_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RFItext-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In search for answers to her questions, she turned to the internet, discovering <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a> (which Ahmad says is banned in Saudi Arabia<sup id="cite_ref-Weigl_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weigl-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RFIvideo_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RFIvideo-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Location: 1:30">: 1:30 </span></sup>) and <a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">atheism</a><sup id="cite_ref-RFItext_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RFItext-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at the age of 25.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyn_3-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This happened in 2011, when she ran into a tweet from someone using the <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> handle "Arab Atheist", which she had to <a href="/wiki/Google_Translate" title="Google Translate">Google Translate</a> to understand.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyn_3-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Weigl_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weigl-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shocked, Ahmad contacted "Arab Atheist", who recommended her multiple documentaries (for example, on the <a href="/wiki/Theory_of_evolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Theory of evolution">theory of evolution</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang">Big Bang</a>) and books from <a href="/wiki/Richard_Dawkins" title="Richard Dawkins">Richard Dawkins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzsche" title="Friedrich Nietzsche">Friedrich Nietzsche</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a> translated to Arabic.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyn_3-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Weigl_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weigl-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "I cried when I discovered all the things I was never taught, what they withheld from me," Ahmad said in a 2016 interview.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyn_3-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After about a year, she concluded she could no longer believe, because of all the <a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Quran" title="Criticism of the Quran">contradictions in the</a> <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyn_3-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It caused her even greater fear and sorrow to realise that <a href="/wiki/Discrimination_against_atheists#Saudi_Arabia" title="Discrimination against atheists">atheism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apostasy_in_Islam#Saudi_Arabia" title="Apostasy in Islam">apostasy</a> in <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="Capital punishment in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia were punishable by death</a>, and she probably had to leave the country and everything she had behind, in order to survive.<sup id="cite_ref-Weigl_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weigl-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She hid her changing views from her family and continued praying five times a day, while she searched for help online from various groups such as <a href="/wiki/Faith_to_Faithless" title="Faith to Faithless">Faith to Faithless</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ex-Muslims_of_North_America" title="Ex-Muslims of North America">Ex-Muslims of North America</a> and <a href="/wiki/Atheist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Atheist Republic">Atheist Republic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyn_3-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For five years, she lived as a closeted atheist in Saudi Arabia, terrified that her family would kill her or the state would execute her if her nonbelief were discovered.<sup id="cite_ref-MEMRI_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MEMRI-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family_troubles">Family troubles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rana_Ahmad&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Family troubles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Atheist_Republic_in_Mecca.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Atheist_Republic_in_Mecca.png/220px-Atheist_Republic_in_Mecca.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Atheist_Republic_in_Mecca.png/330px-Atheist_Republic_in_Mecca.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Atheist_Republic_in_Mecca.png/440px-Atheist_Republic_in_Mecca.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Rana held this <a href="/wiki/Atheist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Atheist Republic">Atheist Republic</a> paper in the <a href="/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Mecca" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Mosque of Mecca">Great Mosque of Mecca</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Begum_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Begum-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Ahmad's older brother began to suspect she was secretly seeing men, and placed a <a href="/wiki/Covert_listening_device" title="Covert listening device">covert listening device</a> in her room. Catching her calling with a male friend, he stormed her room and tried to kill her, but their father heard her screams for help and intervened.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyn_3-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Begum_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Begum-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Location: 7:30">: 7:30 </span></sup> After this incident, Ahmad tried to commit suicide by cutting her wrists, but again her father found her in time to take her to the hospital and save her life.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyn_3-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Begum_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Begum-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Location: 7:54">: 7:54 </span></sup> Ahmad got a new job as secretary at a school for mentally disabled children. Meanwhile, she took on <a href="/wiki/English_studies" title="English studies">English studies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyn_3-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When her mother discovered Ahmad's tweets about religious doubts, she was furious and put Ahmad under house arrest for a month without access to her <a href="/wiki/Laptop" title="Laptop">laptop</a> or <a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyn_3-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her mother forced her to pray and recite the Quran.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyn_3-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, she was forced by her family to participate in the <a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">hajj</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyn_3-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Begum_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Begum-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Location: 6:07">: 6:07 </span></sup> She sought and found the help of <a href="/wiki/Atheist_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Atheist Republic">Atheist Republic</a> as well as other similar organisations online. While on hajj, she took a picture of herself holding a piece of paper with "Atheist Republic" written on it, while standing inside the <a href="/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Mecca" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Mosque of Mecca">Great Mosque of Mecca</a> facing the <a href="/wiki/Kaaba" title="Kaaba">Kaaba</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Holiest_sites_in_Islam" title="Holiest sites in Islam">holiest site of Islam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Begum_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Begum-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She was extremely frightened because she knew she would be killed if the people around her saw the paper and discovered her nonbelief, but she wanted to tell the internet that she existed as an atheist in Mecca and, like many nonbelievers in Saudi Arabia, was not here by her own choice.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyn_3-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Begum_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Begum-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Location: 5:52">: 5:52 </span></sup> It was also the first time she decided she had to leave the country quickly, or otherwise end her life.<sup id="cite_ref-Weigl_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weigl-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She requested Atheist Republic to upload the photo to <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> after she left Mecca, and they did so on 3 August 2014; a few days later she was overwhelmed to find it had gone viral.<sup id="cite_ref-gbsBuchpremiere_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gbsBuchpremiere-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Location: 26:02">: 26:02 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Begum_12-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Begum-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Location: 6:07">: 6:07 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flight">Flight</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rana_Ahmad&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Flight"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rescuing_Ex-Muslims_%E2%80%93_Leaving_Islam.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Rescuing_Ex-Muslims_%E2%80%93_Leaving_Islam.png/220px-Rescuing_Ex-Muslims_%E2%80%93_Leaving_Islam.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Rescuing_Ex-Muslims_%E2%80%93_Leaving_Islam.png/330px-Rescuing_Ex-Muslims_%E2%80%93_Leaving_Islam.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Rescuing_Ex-Muslims_%E2%80%93_Leaving_Islam.png/440px-Rescuing_Ex-Muslims_%E2%80%93_Leaving_Islam.png 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>The 2016 <a href="/wiki/Vice_News" title="Vice News">Vice News</a> film <i>Rescuing Ex-Muslims: Leaving Islam</i> documents Rana Ahmad's flight to Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-Begum_12-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Begum-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Meyn_3-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Ahmad made plans to escape the country, aided by <a href="/wiki/Faith_to_Faithless" title="Faith to Faithless">Faith to Faithless</a>. At first, Ahmad sought to flee to the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, but the embassy refused to grant her a visa. Thereafter she thought of marrying a like-minded man to leave the country with, but found no candidate. Because her Syrian passport would be outdated by the end of 2015 and the <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia%E2%80%93Syria_relations" title="Saudi Arabia–Syria relations">Syrian embassy in Saudi Arabia</a> was closed (since 2012 due to the <a href="/wiki/Syrian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian Civil War">Syrian Civil War</a>), Ahmad had to hurry and could only flee to a country without a visa requirement, such as <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyn_3-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a foreign woman from Syria, her employer rather than her father had to grant her permission to travel abroad, and she was able to convince him that she was going on a family holiday so he signed the papers for her.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyn_3-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 26 May 2015, she took an aeroplane from Riyadh via <a href="/wiki/Dubai" title="Dubai">Dubai</a> to <a href="/wiki/Istanbul_Atat%C3%BCrk_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Istanbul Atatürk Airport">Istanbul Atatürk Airport</a>, only taking her laptop, documents (including her Syrian passport) and 200 American dollars.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyn_3-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She took off her hijab and abaya upon arrival for the first time as an adult in public, and henceforth adopted her pseudonym 'Rana Ahmad (Hamd)' to frustrate attempts by her family to track her down.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyn_3-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After four days she took the bus to a friend (another ex-Muslim from Syria<sup id="cite_ref-Weigl_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weigl-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) in <a href="/wiki/%C4%B0zmir" title="İzmir">İzmir</a>, who offered her a small house for rent.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyn_3-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the first time in her life, Ahmad danced in the street and drank alcohol.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyn_3-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, she received word that her family discovered she had escaped to Turkey and feared they were going to come after her. She cut her hair short, dyed it blonde and put on colourful contact lenses as a disguise.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyn_3-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Next, <a href="/wiki/Armin_Navabi" title="Armin Navabi">Armin Navabi</a>, the founder of Atheist Republic, started a crowdfunding campaign for her to finance her stay and further journey into the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>, which raised $5000.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyn_3-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Begum_12-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Begum-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Location: 8:26">: 8:26 </span></sup> In August 2015, Imtiaz Shams from Faith to Faithless, joined by a camera crew of <i>Vice News</i>, came to visit her in İzmir to discuss solutions.<sup id="cite_ref-Begum_12-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Begum-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Location: 8:35">: 8:35 </span></sup> After vainly trying to obtain a visa to enter the EU for five months, Ahmad decided to cross the border with <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a> <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_Greece#Illegal_immigration_to_Greece" title="Immigration to Greece">illegally by boat</a>, which succeeded on the third attempt.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyn_3-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Weigl_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weigl-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From Greece, she travelled across <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, reaching Germany in November 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyn_3-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Along the way, she stayed in various refugee camps for some time.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyn_3-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She cancelled plans to continue to <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> because she was out of money, tired of travelling and had heard Germany's education system was good.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyn_3-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Life_in_Germany">Life in Germany</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rana_Ahmad&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Life in Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Upon arrival in Germany in November 2015, Ahmad spent a year in a refugee camp located about an hour from <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>, before she was assigned her own house.<sup id="cite_ref-Weigl_11-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weigl-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Begum_12-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Begum-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Location: 16:39">: 16:39 </span></sup> On 31 December 2015, the Vice News camera crew visited her again in Cologne.<sup id="cite_ref-Begum_12-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Begum-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Location: 16:39">: 16:39 </span></sup> She spent much of her first year reading (<a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a>) books, intending to study <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_physics" title="Nuclear physics">nuclear physics</a> or <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_engineering" title="Nuclear engineering">nuclear engineering</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Weigl_11-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weigl-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Begum_12-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Begum-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Location: 17:24">: 17:24 </span></sup> She felt threatened by Muslim refugees in the camp, however, many of whom thought of apostasy as a deadly crime.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyn_3-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ARRstory_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARRstory-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By chance, she discovered by writing to <a href="/wiki/Maryam_Namazie" title="Maryam Namazie">Maryam Namazie</a><sup id="cite_ref-gbsBuchpremiere_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gbsBuchpremiere-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Location: 3:31">: 3:31 </span></sup> that the <a href="/wiki/Central_Council_of_Ex-Muslims" title="Central Council of Ex-Muslims">Central Council of Ex-Muslims</a> was coincidentally headquartered in Cologne as well, and after contacting <a href="/wiki/Mina_Ahadi" title="Mina Ahadi">Mina Ahadi</a>, the Council and the <a href="/wiki/Giordano_Bruno_Foundation" title="Giordano Bruno Foundation">Giordano Bruno Foundation</a> were able to help her find a house for herself.<sup id="cite_ref-ARRstory_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARRstory-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the age of 30, after 20 years, she was finally able to buy and ride a bike again in Germany, which she regarded as an important restoration of her freedom. A photo of her holding her new bike in Cologne was used for an Atheist Refugee Relief brochure.<sup id="cite_ref-gbsBuchpremiere_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gbsBuchpremiere-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Location: 12:39">: 12:39 </span></sup> </p><p>She stated in March 2018 that "I love Germany, I love my free life in Germany."<sup id="cite_ref-Ossenberg_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ossenberg-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She wanted to adapt quickly, obtain German citizenship, improve her German language skills and support the activities of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Council_of_Ex-Muslims" title="Central Council of Ex-Muslims">Central Council of Ex-Muslims</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ossenberg_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ossenberg-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since late 2018, Ahmad has been studying <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a> in Cologne.<sup id="cite_ref-RFIvideo_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RFIvideo-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Location: 0:10">: 0:10 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Activism_in_Germany">Activism in Germany</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rana_Ahmad&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Activism in Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Rana_Ahmad_interviewed_by_Maryam_Namazie_2017.webm/220px--Rana_Ahmad_interviewed_by_Maryam_Namazie_2017.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="644" data-mwtitle="Rana_Ahmad_interviewed_by_Maryam_Namazie_2017.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Rana_Ahmad_interviewed_by_Maryam_Namazie_2017.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/Rana_Ahmad_interviewed_by_Maryam_Namazie_2017.webm/Rana_Ahmad_interviewed_by_Maryam_Namazie_2017.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/Rana_Ahmad_interviewed_by_Maryam_Namazie_2017.webm/Rana_Ahmad_interviewed_by_Maryam_Namazie_2017.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/Rana_Ahmad_interviewed_by_Maryam_Namazie_2017.webm/Rana_Ahmad_interviewed_by_Maryam_Namazie_2017.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3f/Rana_Ahmad_interviewed_by_Maryam_Namazie_2017.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/Rana_Ahmad_interviewed_by_Maryam_Namazie_2017.webm/Rana_Ahmad_interviewed_by_Maryam_Namazie_2017.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/Rana_Ahmad_interviewed_by_Maryam_Namazie_2017.webm/Rana_Ahmad_interviewed_by_Maryam_Namazie_2017.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/Rana_Ahmad_interviewed_by_Maryam_Namazie_2017.webm/Rana_Ahmad_interviewed_by_Maryam_Namazie_2017.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3f/Rana_Ahmad_interviewed_by_Maryam_Namazie_2017.webm/Rana_Ahmad_interviewed_by_Maryam_Namazie_2017.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Maryam_Namazie" title="Maryam Namazie">Maryam Namazie</a> interviews Rana Ahmad in Cologne, 2017.</figcaption></figure> <p>In subsequent years, Ahmad has given many interviews to several media, primarily German and <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French</a> ones, about her experiences and her political and religious opinions, especially with regards to the politics of Saudi Arabia and its Crown Prince <a href="/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman" title="Mohammed bin Salman">Mohammed bin Salman</a> after dissident <a href="/wiki/Jamal_Khashoggi" title="Jamal Khashoggi">Jamal Khashoggi</a> was <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Jamal_Khashoggi" title="Assassination of Jamal Khashoggi">assassinated</a> in October 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ahmad commented that Saudi authorities have failed to stimulate the <a href="/wiki/Emancipation_of_women" class="mw-redirect" title="Emancipation of women">emancipation of women</a> that many activists have campaigned for, often imprisoning them, and thereby sending women the message they have no future in Saudi Arabia and pushing them to flee the country.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Vice News documentary <i>Leaving Islam: Rescuing Ex-Muslims</i> featuring part of Ahmad's life journey from Saudi Arabia to Germany was broadcast on 10 February 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-Begum_12-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Begum-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 5 March 2016, three months after arriving in Germany, Ahmad held her first public speech in Cologne at a meeting organised by the Central Council of Ex-Muslims. She spoke in Arabic about her life in Saudi Arabia, her flight and her opinion on how Western countries should treat refugees such as herself, with Lebanese–German television journalist <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imad_Karim" class="extiw" title="de:Imad Karim">Imad Karim</a> providing the German translation.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ahmad gave her first major interview to the <i><a href="/wiki/Frankfurter_Allgemeine_Zeitung" title="Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung">Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung</a></i> in June 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-ARRstory_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARRstory-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, she was still in a refugee camp waiting to be assigned her own house, and feeling threatened by Muslim refugees in that camp.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyn_3-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "I don't hate Muslims, I've also got good Muslim friends who accept me how I am. What I hate is when rights are taken away in the name of religion, especially from women," she said.<sup id="cite_ref-Meyn_3-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although she has no problem with people who hold Islamic beliefs, it has made her angry seeing a 6- or 8-year-old girl being forced to wear the veil in Germany, where <a href="/wiki/Law_of_Germany" title="Law of Germany">German law</a> rather than <a href="/wiki/Sharia" title="Sharia">sharia</a> applies. It also upsets her that some Muslims don't accept Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-Weigl_11-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weigl-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ossenberg_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ossenberg-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Celebrating_Dissent_-_Women_Against_Gods.webm/220px-seek%3D2001-Celebrating_Dissent_-_Women_Against_Gods.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="6324" data-mwtitle="Celebrating_Dissent_-_Women_Against_Gods.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Celebrating_Dissent_-_Women_Against_Gods.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/Celebrating_Dissent_-_Women_Against_Gods.webm/Celebrating_Dissent_-_Women_Against_Gods.webm.480p.vp9.webm#t=00:33:21" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/Celebrating_Dissent_-_Women_Against_Gods.webm/Celebrating_Dissent_-_Women_Against_Gods.webm.720p.vp9.webm#t=00:33:21" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/Celebrating_Dissent_-_Women_Against_Gods.webm#t=00:33:21" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/Celebrating_Dissent_-_Women_Against_Gods.webm/Celebrating_Dissent_-_Women_Against_Gods.webm.1080p.vp9.webm#t=00:33:21" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/Celebrating_Dissent_-_Women_Against_Gods.webm/Celebrating_Dissent_-_Women_Against_Gods.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov#t=00:33:21" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/Celebrating_Dissent_-_Women_Against_Gods.webm/Celebrating_Dissent_-_Women_Against_Gods.webm.240p.vp9.webm#t=00:33:21" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/Celebrating_Dissent_-_Women_Against_Gods.webm/Celebrating_Dissent_-_Women_Against_Gods.webm.360p.vp9.webm#t=00:33:21" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/Celebrating_Dissent_-_Women_Against_Gods.webm/Celebrating_Dissent_-_Women_Against_Gods.webm.360p.webm#t=00:33:21" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Ahmad in conversation in <a href="/wiki/De_Balie" title="De Balie">De Balie</a> during Celebrating Dissent 2019.</figcaption></figure> <p>On 15 August 2016, Ahmad was interviewed on television for the first time by journalist <a href="/wiki/Jaafar_Abdul_Karim" title="Jaafar Abdul Karim">Jaafar Abdul Karim</a> from <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a> in Arabic, excerpts of which were translated to English and other languages.<sup id="cite_ref-MEMRI_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MEMRI-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three million people saw her on television declaring she had left Islam, and excerpts from it went viral on the Internet, resulting in Muslims from around the world sending her numerous threats and insults.<sup id="cite_ref-Wildermann_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wildermann-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the help of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Council_of_Ex-Muslims" title="Central Council of Ex-Muslims">Central Council of Ex-Muslims</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Giordano_Bruno_Foundation" title="Giordano Bruno Foundation">Giordano Bruno Foundation</a>, Ahmad founded the <a href="/wiki/Atheist_Refugee_Relief" title="Atheist Refugee Relief">Atheist Refugee Relief</a><sup id="cite_ref-ARRstory_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARRstory-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in March 2017,<sup id="cite_ref-Statutes_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Statutes-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and officially presented at the 10th anniversary of the Council on 17 November 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its goal is 'to support refugees who are discriminated against or even threatened with their very lives because of their atheistic conviction or their critical attitude towards religion.'<sup id="cite_ref-Statutes_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Statutes-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Relief's volunteers are working on a daily basis to protect especially female atheist refugees – as they are targeted more frequently and viciously – from further persecution (for example, 'assaults, exclusion, threats and violence') in Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-Prange_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prange-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of December 2018, it has helped 37 recognised nonreligious refugees since November 2017, but the demand was rising quickly.<sup id="cite_ref-Prange_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prange-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Dittmar Steiner, the Atheist Refugee Relief received 'two to three requests [for help] a week' when it started, which had increased to 'between seven and nine a day' a year later.<sup id="cite_ref-Prange_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Prange-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 15 January 2018, her book <i>Frauen dürfen hier nicht träumen: Mein Ausbruch aus Saudi-Arabien, mein Weg in die Freiheit</i> ('Women Aren't Allowed to Dream Here: My Escape from Saudi Arabia and My Path to Freedom') was published in Germany and became a <a href="/wiki/Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Spiegel</a> Top-10-best-seller.<sup id="cite_ref-Weigl_11-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weigl-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A French translation was published in Paris in October 2018 under the name <i>Ici, les femmes ne rêvent pas : Récit d'une évasion</i> ('Here, Women Do Not Dream: Story of an Escape').<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Ahmad, "We, women, we can change our lives, be free. We think we are weak, but that is wrong; we are strong, and this book proves it."<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Book">Book</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rana_Ahmad&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Book"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>German original: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAhmadBorufka2018" class="citation book cs1">Ahmad, Rana; Borufka, Sarah (2018). <i>Frauen dürfen hier nicht träumen: Mein Ausbruch aus Saudi-Arabien, mein Weg in die Freiheit ('Women Aren't Allowed to Dream Here: My Escape from Saudi Arabia and My Path to Freedom')</i>. btb Verlag. p. 320. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3442757480" title="Special:BookSources/978-3442757480"><bdi>978-3442757480</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frauen+d%C3%BCrfen+hier+nicht+tr%C3%A4umen%3A+Mein+Ausbruch+aus+Saudi-Arabien%2C+mein+Weg+in+die+Freiheit+%28%27Women+Aren%27t+Allowed+to+Dream+Here%3A+My+Escape+from+Saudi+Arabia+and+My+Path+to+Freedom%27%29&rft.pages=320&rft.pub=btb+Verlag&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-3442757480&rft.aulast=Ahmad&rft.aufirst=Rana&rft.au=Borufka%2C+Sarah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARana+Ahmad" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>French translation: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhmadBorufka2018" class="citation book cs1">Ahmad, Rana; Borufka, Sarah (2018). <i>Ici, les femmes ne rêvent pas : Récit d'une évasion ('Here, Women Do Not Dream: Story of an Escape')</i>. Translated by Olivier Mannoni. Globe Éditions. p. 320. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2211237710" title="Special:BookSources/978-2211237710"><bdi>978-2211237710</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ici%2C+les+femmes+ne+r%C3%AAvent+pas+%3A+R%C3%A9cit+d%27une+%C3%A9vasion+%28%27Here%2C+Women+Do+Not+Dream%3A+Story+of+an+Escape%27%29&rft.pages=320&rft.pub=Globe+%C3%89ditions&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-2211237710&rft.aulast=Ahmad&rft.aufirst=Rana&rft.au=Borufka%2C+Sarah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARana+Ahmad" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rana_Ahmad&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atheist_Refugee_Relief" title="Atheist Refugee Relief">Atheist Refugee Relief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahaf_Mohammed" title="Rahaf Mohammed">Rahaf Mohammed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dina_Ali_Lasloom" title="Dina Ali Lasloom">Dina Ali Lasloom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worood_Zuhair" title="Worood Zuhair">Worood Zuhair</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rana_Ahmad&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Except for a few international schools, all schools in Saudi Arabia are strictly segregated by gender<sup id="cite_ref-Meyn_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meyn-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from the age of 6 or 7.<sup id="cite_ref-MEMRI_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MEMRI-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rana_Ahmad&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Lussato-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lussato_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lussato_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lussato_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lussato_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCéline_Lussato2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Céline Lussato (10 November 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nouvelobs.com/monde/20181106.OBS4970/rana-ahmad-athee-en-exil-une-saoudienne-agressee-qui-appelle-la-police-se-fera-embarquer.html">"Rana Ahmad, athée en exil : "Une Saoudienne agressée qui appelle la police se fera embarquer"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Obs" class="mw-redirect" title="L'Obs">L'Obs</a></i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=L%27Obs&rft.atitle=Rana+Ahmad%2C+ath%C3%A9e+en+exil+%3A+%22Une+Saoudienne+agress%C3%A9e+qui+appelle+la+police+se+fera+embarquer%22&rft.date=2018-11-10&rft.au=C%C3%A9line+Lussato&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nouvelobs.com%2Fmonde%2F20181106.OBS4970%2Frana-ahmad-athee-en-exil-une-saoudienne-agressee-qui-appelle-la-police-se-fera-embarquer.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARana+Ahmad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RFIvideo-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RFIvideo_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RFIvideo_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RFIvideo_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RFIvideo_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RFIvideo_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarah_Elzas2018" class="citation news cs1">Sarah Elzas (18 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dkz66KgnhXI">"Live on Live - Saudi author in exile, Rana Ahmad"</a>. <i>RFI English</i>. France Médias Monde<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RFI+English&rft.atitle=Live+on+Live+-+Saudi+author+in+exile%2C+Rana+Ahmad&rft.date=2018-10-18&rft.au=Sarah+Elzas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DDkz66KgnhXI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARana+Ahmad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Meyn-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Meyn_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyn_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyn_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyn_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyn_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyn_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyn_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyn_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyn_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyn_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyn_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyn_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyn_3-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyn_3-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyn_3-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyn_3-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyn_3-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyn_3-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyn_3-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyn_3-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyn_3-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyn_3-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyn_3-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyn_3-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyn_3-24"><sup><i><b>y</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyn_3-25"><sup><i><b>z</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyn_3-26"><sup><i><b>aa</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyn_3-27"><sup><i><b>ab</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyn_3-28"><sup><i><b>ac</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyn_3-29"><sup><i><b>ad</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyn_3-30"><sup><i><b>ae</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyn_3-31"><sup><i><b>af</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyn_3-32"><sup><i><b>ag</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyn_3-33"><sup><i><b>ah</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyn_3-34"><sup><i><b>ai</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyn_3-35"><sup><i><b>aj</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyn_3-36"><sup><i><b>ak</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyn_3-37"><sup><i><b>al</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyn_3-38"><sup><i><b>am</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyn_3-39"><sup><i><b>an</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyn_3-40"><sup><i><b>ao</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyn_3-41"><sup><i><b>ap</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Meyn_3-42"><sup><i><b>aq</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharlotte_Sophie_Meyn2016" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Charlotte Sophie Meyn (16 June 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.faz.net/aktuell/politik/saudi-arabien-flucht-vor-der-religion-14286388.html?printPagedArticle=true#pageIndex_0">"Flucht vor der Religion"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Frankfurter_Allgemeine_Zeitung" title="Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung">Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung</a></i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frankfurter+Allgemeine+Zeitung&rft.atitle=Flucht+vor+der+Religion&rft.date=2016-06-16&rft.au=Charlotte+Sophie+Meyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.faz.net%2Faktuell%2Fpolitik%2Fsaudi-arabien-flucht-vor-der-religion-14286388.html%3FprintPagedArticle%3Dtrue%23pageIndex_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARana+Ahmad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RFItext-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RFItext_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RFItext_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RFItext_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RFItext_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-RFItext_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnne-Marie_Bissada2018" class="citation news cs1">Anne-Marie Bissada (27 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.rfi.fr/20181027-mid-east-junction-27-10-18">"Female and atheist in Saudi Arabia"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Radio_France_Internationale" title="Radio France Internationale">Radio France Internationale</a></i>. France Médias Monde<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+France+Internationale&rft.atitle=Female+and+atheist+in+Saudi+Arabia&rft.date=2018-10-27&rft.au=Anne-Marie+Bissada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.rfi.fr%2F20181027-mid-east-junction-27-10-18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARana+Ahmad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.buchreport.de/bestseller/buch/isbn/9783442757480.htm/">"buchreport"</a>. <i>buchreport</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=buchreport&rft.atitle=buchreport&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buchreport.de%2Fbestseller%2Fbuch%2Fisbn%2F9783442757480.htm%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARana+Ahmad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Prange-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Prange_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prange_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prange_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Prange_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAstrid_Prange2018" class="citation news cs1">Astrid Prange (20 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/germanys-atheist-refugees-when-not-believing-is-life-threatening/a-46822315">"Germany's atheist refugees: When not believing is life-threatening"</a>. <i>Deutsche Welle</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=Germany%27s+atheist+refugees%3A+When+not+believing+is+life-threatening&rft.date=2018-12-20&rft.au=Astrid+Prange&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fgermanys-atheist-refugees-when-not-believing-is-life-threatening%2Fa-46822315&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARana+Ahmad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ARRconcept-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ARRconcept_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://atheist-refugees.com/en/self-conception-and-practical-work/">"Our concept and practical work"</a>. Atheist Refugee Relief<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+concept+and+practical+work&rft.pub=Atheist+Refugee+Relief&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fatheist-refugees.com%2Fen%2Fself-conception-and-practical-work%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARana+Ahmad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MEMRI-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MEMRI_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MEMRI_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MEMRI_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MEMRI_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MEMRI_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MEMRI_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJaafar_Abdul_Karim2016" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jaafar Abdul Karim (15 August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.memri.org/tv/saudi-born-atheist-rana-ahmad-my-family-or-state-would-have-killed-me-if-i-hadnt-fled-hijab">"Saudi-born atheist Rana Ahmad: my family or the state would have killed me if I hadn't fled; the hijab robbed me of my childhood"</a> (in English and Arabic). Middle East Media Research Institute<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Saudi-born+atheist+Rana+Ahmad%3A+my+family+or+the+state+would+have+killed+me+if+I+hadn%27t+fled%3B+the+hijab+robbed+me+of+my+childhood&rft.pub=Middle+East+Media+Research+Institute&rft.date=2016-08-15&rft.au=Jaafar+Abdul+Karim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.memri.org%2Ftv%2Fsaudi-born-atheist-rana-ahmad-my-family-or-state-would-have-killed-me-if-i-hadnt-fled-hijab&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARana+Ahmad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gbsBuchpremiere-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gbsBuchpremiere_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gbsBuchpremiere_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gbsBuchpremiere_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gbsBuchpremiere_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gbsBuchpremiere_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gbsBuchpremiere_10-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gbsBuchpremiere_10-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRana_Ahmad2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rana Ahmad (30 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=My4u3_52_Sg">"Frauen dürfen hier nicht träumen (Lesung - Buchpremiere)"</a> (in German). Giordano Bruno Foundation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frauen+d%C3%BCrfen+hier+nicht+tr%C3%A4umen+%28Lesung+-+Buchpremiere%29&rft.pub=Giordano+Bruno+Foundation&rft.date=2018-01-30&rft.au=Rana+Ahmad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DMy4u3_52_Sg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARana+Ahmad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Weigl-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Weigl_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weigl_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weigl_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weigl_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weigl_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weigl_11-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weigl_11-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weigl_11-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weigl_11-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weigl_11-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Weigl_11-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaximilan_Weigl2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Maximilan Weigl (15 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jetzt.de/politik/flucht-aus-saudi-arabien-interview-mit-rana-ahmad">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"In Saudi-Arabien bist du als Frau ein Mensch zweiter Klasse"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>jetzt</i> (in German). <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCddeutsche_Zeitung" title="Süddeutsche Zeitung">Süddeutsche Zeitung</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=jetzt&rft.atitle=%22In+Saudi-Arabien+bist+du+als+Frau+ein+Mensch+zweiter+Klasse%22&rft.date=2018-01-15&rft.au=Maximilan+Weigl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jetzt.de%2Fpolitik%2Fflucht-aus-saudi-arabien-interview-mit-rana-ahmad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARana+Ahmad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Begum-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Begum_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Begum_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Begum_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Begum_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Begum_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Begum_12-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Begum_12-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Begum_12-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Begum_12-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Begum_12-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Begum_12-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Begum_12-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Begum_12-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Begum_12-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoppy_Begum2016" class="citation web cs1">Poppy Begum (10 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O1lnxUXWGgE">"Rescuing Ex-Muslims: Leaving Islam"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vice_News" title="Vice News">Vice News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vice+News&rft.atitle=Rescuing+Ex-Muslims%3A+Leaving+Islam&rft.date=2016-02-10&rft.au=Poppy+Begum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DO1lnxUXWGgE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARana+Ahmad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ARRstory-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ARRstory_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ARRstory_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ARRstory_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ARRstory_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://atheist-refugees.com/en/the-foundation-story-ranas-escape/">"The story of our foundation: Rana's escape"</a>. Atheist Refugee Relief<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+story+of+our+foundation%3A+Rana%27s+escape&rft.pub=Atheist+Refugee+Relief&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fatheist-refugees.com%2Fen%2Fthe-foundation-story-ranas-escape%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARana+Ahmad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ossenberg-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ossenberg_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ossenberg_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ossenberg_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeidi_Ossenberg2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Heidi Ossenberg (5 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.badische-zeitung.de/liebe-familie/ich-liebe-deutschland--150030608.html">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Ich liebe Deutschland"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Badische_Zeitung" title="Badische Zeitung">Badische Zeitung</a></i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Badische+Zeitung&rft.atitle=%22Ich+liebe+Deutschland%22&rft.date=2018-03-05&rft.au=Heidi+Ossenberg&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.badische-zeitung.de%2Fliebe-familie%2Fich-liebe-deutschland--150030608.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARana+Ahmad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ledauphine.com/france-monde/2018/10/19/rana-ahmad-opposante-saoudienne-khashoggi-a-ete-tue-parce-qu-il-decrivait-la-realite-en-arabie-saoudite">"Rana Ahmad, opposante saoudienne : "Khashoggi a été tué parce qu'il décrivait la réalité en Arabie saoudite"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Dauphin%C3%A9_lib%C3%A9r%C3%A9" title="Le Dauphiné libéré">Le Dauphiné libéré</a></i> (in French). 19 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Dauphin%C3%A9+lib%C3%A9r%C3%A9&rft.atitle=Rana+Ahmad%2C+opposante+saoudienne+%3A+%22Khashoggi+a+%C3%A9t%C3%A9+tu%C3%A9+parce+qu%27il+d%C3%A9crivait+la+r%C3%A9alit%C3%A9+en+Arabie+saoudite%22&rft.date=2018-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ledauphine.com%2Ffrance-monde%2F2018%2F10%2F19%2Frana-ahmad-opposante-saoudienne-khashoggi-a-ete-tue-parce-qu-il-decrivait-la-realite-en-arabie-saoudite&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARana+Ahmad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAntoine_Malo2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Antoine Malo (21 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lejdd.fr/International/arabie-saoudite-mohammed-ben-salman-na-rien-na-change-au-systeme-selon-lexilee-rana-ahmad-3783842">"Arabie saoudite : "Mohammed ben Salman n'a rien changé au système", selon l'exilée Rana Ahmad"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Journal_du_Dimanche" title="Le Journal du Dimanche">Le Journal du Dimanche</a></i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Journal+du+Dimanche&rft.atitle=Arabie+saoudite+%3A+%22Mohammed+ben+Salman+n%27a+rien+chang%C3%A9+au+syst%C3%A8me%22%2C+selon+l%27exil%C3%A9e+Rana+Ahmad&rft.date=2018-10-21&rft.au=Antoine+Malo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lejdd.fr%2FInternational%2Farabie-saoudite-mohammed-ben-salman-na-rien-na-change-au-systeme-selon-lexilee-rana-ahmad-3783842&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARana+Ahmad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JAuGug0fHS0">"Rana Ahmad zu den Ermittlungsergebnissen im Fall Khashoggi am 23.10.18"</a>. <i>Der Tag</i> (in German). <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(German_TV_station)" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenix (German TV station)">Phoenix</a>. 23 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Tag&rft.atitle=Rana+Ahmad+zu+den+Ermittlungsergebnissen+im+Fall+Khashoggi+am+23.10.18&rft.date=2018-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DJAuGug0fHS0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARana+Ahmad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHilary_Whiteman,_Ivan_Watson_and_Sandi_Sidhu2019" class="citation news cs1">Hilary Whiteman, Ivan Watson and Sandi Sidhu (21 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2019/02/20/asia/saudi-arabia-sisters-flee-hong-kong-intl/">"Desperate and alone, Saudi sisters risk everything to flee oppression"</a>. <i>CNN International</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN+International&rft.atitle=Desperate+and+alone%2C+Saudi+sisters+risk+everything+to+flee+oppression&rft.date=2019-02-21&rft.au=Hilary+Whiteman%2C+Ivan+Watson+and+Sandi+Sidhu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2019%2F02%2F20%2Fasia%2Fsaudi-arabia-sisters-flee-hong-kong-intl%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARana+Ahmad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRana_Ahmad_&_Imad_Karim2016" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Rana Ahmad & Imad Karim (15 November 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4G5Z2Qy9rMY">"Rede von Ex-Muslima Rana in Köln - 05.03.2016"</a> (in Arabic and German). Strong Shadow Media<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rede+von+Ex-Muslima+Rana+in+K%C3%B6ln+-+05.03.2016&rft.pub=Strong+Shadow+Media&rft.date=2016-11-15&rft.au=Rana+Ahmad+%26+Imad+Karim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D4G5Z2Qy9rMY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARana+Ahmad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wildermann-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wildermann_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarie_Wildermann2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Marie Wildermann (24 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/von-saudi-arabien-nach-deutschland-die-flucht-einer.886.de.html?dram:article_id=409071">"Von Saudi-Arabien nach Deutschland: Die Flucht einer Atheistin"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Deutschlandfunk" title="Deutschlandfunk">Deutschlandfunk</a></i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deutschlandfunk&rft.atitle=Von+Saudi-Arabien+nach+Deutschland%3A+Die+Flucht+einer+Atheistin&rft.date=2018-01-24&rft.au=Marie+Wildermann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deutschlandfunk.de%2Fvon-saudi-arabien-nach-deutschland-die-flucht-einer.886.de.html%3Fdram%3Aarticle_id%3D409071&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARana+Ahmad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Statutes-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Statutes_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Statutes_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://atheist-refugees.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Satzung_S%C3%A4kulare_Fl%C3%BCchtlingshilfe.pdf">"Statutes of Säkulare Flüchtlingshilfe e.V. – Atheisten helfen"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in German). Atheist Refugee Relief. March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statutes+of+S%C3%A4kulare+Fl%C3%BCchtlingshilfe+e.V.+%E2%80%93+Atheisten+helfen&rft.pub=Atheist+Refugee+Relief&rft.date=2017-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fatheist-refugees.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2017%2F12%2FSatzung_S%25C3%25A4kulare_Fl%25C3%25BCchtlingshilfe.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARana+Ahmad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://atheist-refugees.com/en/uncategorized/atheist-refugee-relief-is-presented-to-the-public/">"Atheist Refugee Relief is presented to the public"</a>. Atheist Refugee Relief. 25 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Atheist+Refugee+Relief+is+presented+to+the+public&rft.pub=Atheist+Refugee+Relief&rft.date=2017-11-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fatheist-refugees.com%2Fen%2Funcategorized%2Fatheist-refugee-relief-is-presented-to-the-public%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARana+Ahmad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThierry_Godefridi2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Thierry Godefridi (8 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.contrepoints.org/2018/12/08/331928-ici-les-femmes-ne-revent-pas-de-rana-ahmad">"Ici, les femmes ne rêvent pas, de Rana Ahmad"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Contrepoints" title="Contrepoints">Contrepoints</a></i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contrepoints&rft.atitle=Ici%2C+les+femmes+ne+r%C3%AAvent+pas%2C+de+Rana+Ahmad&rft.date=2018-12-08&rft.au=Thierry+Godefridi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.contrepoints.org%2F2018%2F12%2F08%2F331928-ici-les-femmes-ne-revent-pas-de-rana-ahmad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARana+Ahmad" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFloriane_Valdayron2018" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Floriane Valdayron (26 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201109033119/http://cheekmagazine.fr/societe/rana-ahmad-fuite-arabie-saoudite-livre/">"Rana Ahmad a risqué sa vie pour fuir l'Arabie saoudite et vivre libre"</a>. <i>Cheek Magazine</i> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cheekmagazine.fr/societe/rana-ahmad-fuite-arabie-saoudite-livre/">the original</a> on 9 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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