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</li> <li id="toc-Designation_as_Northern_Rhodesia's_capital" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Designation_as_Northern_Rhodesia's_capital"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Designation as Northern Rhodesia's capital </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Designation_as_Northern_Rhodesia's_capital-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_colonial_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_colonial_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Later colonial years </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_colonial_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Capital_of_the_Republic_of_Zambia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capital_of_the_Republic_of_Zambia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Capital of the Republic of Zambia </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capital_of_the_Republic_of_Zambia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cityscape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cityscape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Cityscape </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cityscape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Languages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Places_of_worship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Places_of_worship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Places of worship </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Places_of_worship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Retail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Retail </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Transport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Healthcare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Healthcare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Healthcare </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Healthcare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Sport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_and_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Twin towns and sister cities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_and_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Notable people </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Lusaka</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 145 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-145" aria-hidden="true" > 145 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%89%E1%88%B3%E1%8A%AB" title="ሉሳካ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሉሳካ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7" title="لوساكا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لوساكا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="لوساکا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لوساکا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="লুসাকা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লুসাকা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лусака – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Лусака" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лусака – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Лусака" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лусака – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Лусака" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лусака – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Лусака" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BC%8D" title="ལུ་ས་ཀ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ལུ་ས་ཀ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka_(ulohang_dakbayan)" title="Lusaka (ulohang dakbayan) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Lusaka (ulohang dakbayan)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chi-Chewa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge, good article badge"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiTumbuka</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%83%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B1" title="Λουσάκα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λουσάκα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusako" title="Lusako – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lusako" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="لوساکا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لوساکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BBsaka" title="Lûsaka – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Lûsaka" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaca" title="Lusaca – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lusaca" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%EC%82%AC%EC%B9%B4" title="루사카 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="루사카" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1" title="Լուսակա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լուսակա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="लुसाका – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लुसाका" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%C3%A6" title="Лусакæ – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Лусакæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BAsaka" title="Lúsaka – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lúsaka" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%94" title="לוסקה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לוסקה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusakaaa" title="Lusakaaa – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Lusakaaa" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ლუსაკა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლუსაკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лусака – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Лусака" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louzaka" title="Louzaka – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Louzaka" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лусака – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Лусака" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лусака – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Лусака" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лусака – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Лусака" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95" title="ലുസാക്ക – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലുസാക്ക" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="लुसाका – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लुसाका" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="ლუსაკა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ლუსაკა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7" title="لوساكا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لوساكا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="لوساکا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="لوساکا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лусака – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Лусака" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лусака – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Лусака" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka_(stad)" title="Lusaka (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lusaka (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B5%E3%82%AB" title="ルサカ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルサカ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лусака – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Лусака" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B2%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%95" title="ଲୁସାକ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଲୁସାକ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE" title="ਲੁਸਾਕਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲੁਸਾਕਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="لوساکا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لوساکا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="لوساکا – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لوساکا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaca" title="Lusaca – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lusaca" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лусака – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лусака" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱞᱩᱥᱟᱠᱟ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱞᱩᱥᱟᱠᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%AA%D8%A7" title="لوساڪا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="لوساڪا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target">SiSwati</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="لووساکا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لووساکا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лусака – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Лусака" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE" title="லுசாக்கா – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="லுசாக்கா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2" title="ลูซากา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลูซากา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лусака – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Лусака" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лусака – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Лусака" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Лусака – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лусака" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="لوساکا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لوساکا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%87%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%A7" title="لۇساكا – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="لۇساكا" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusak" title="Lusak – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Lusak" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E8%96%A9%E5%8D%A1" title="盧薩卡 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="盧薩卡" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%A7%D7%90" title="לוסאקא – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="לוסאקא" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lusaka" title="Lusaka – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Lusaka" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%A7%E8%96%A9%E5%8D%A1" title="盧薩卡 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="盧薩卡" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%B2%99%E5%8D%A1" title="路沙卡 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="路沙卡" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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.latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lusaka&params=15_25_S_28_17_E_region:ZM_type:city">15°25′S 28°17′E / 15.417°S 28.283°E / -15.417; 28.283</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital and largest city of Zambia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Lusaka_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Lusaka (disambiguation)">Lusaka (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital city in Zambia, Zambian Kwacha</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Lusaka</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native">Mwalusaka</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital city</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:262px;max-width:262px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:129px;max-width:129px"><div style="height:95px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Downtown_Lusaka.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Downtown_Lusaka.JPG/127px-Downtown_Lusaka.JPG" decoding="async" width="127" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Downtown_Lusaka.JPG/191px-Downtown_Lusaka.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Downtown_Lusaka.JPG/254px-Downtown_Lusaka.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3786" data-file-height="2853" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:129px;max-width:129px"><div style="height:95px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Kafue_round_about.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Kafue_round_about.jpg/127px-Kafue_round_about.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Kafue_round_about.jpg/191px-Kafue_round_about.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Kafue_round_about.jpg/254px-Kafue_round_about.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3987" data-file-height="2989" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:164px;max-width:164px"><div style="height:122px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:University_students_on_the_move.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/University_students_on_the_move.jpg/162px-University_students_on_the_move.jpg" decoding="async" width="162" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/University_students_on_the_move.jpg/243px-University_students_on_the_move.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/University_students_on_the_move.jpg/324px-University_students_on_the_move.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2438" data-file-height="1835" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:94px;max-width:94px"><div style="height:122px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Cross,_Lusaka,_interior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Cross%2C_Lusaka%2C_interior.jpg/92px-Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Cross%2C_Lusaka%2C_interior.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Cross%2C_Lusaka%2C_interior.jpg/138px-Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Cross%2C_Lusaka%2C_interior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Cross%2C_Lusaka%2C_interior.jpg/184px-Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Cross%2C_Lusaka%2C_interior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:53px;max-width:53px"><div style="height:68px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Zambia_National_Commercial_Bank.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Zambia_National_Commercial_Bank.jpg/51px-Zambia_National_Commercial_Bank.jpg" decoding="async" width="51" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Zambia_National_Commercial_Bank.jpg/77px-Zambia_National_Commercial_Bank.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Zambia_National_Commercial_Bank.jpg/102px-Zambia_National_Commercial_Bank.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:124px;max-width:124px"><div style="height:68px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:The_City_of_Lusaka_2022_1_7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/The_City_of_Lusaka_2022_1_7.jpg/122px-The_City_of_Lusaka_2022_1_7.jpg" decoding="async" width="122" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/The_City_of_Lusaka_2022_1_7.jpg/183px-The_City_of_Lusaka_2022_1_7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/The_City_of_Lusaka_2022_1_7.jpg/244px-The_City_of_Lusaka_2022_1_7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2592" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:79px;max-width:79px"><div style="height:68px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Lusaka_City_Transport.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Lusaka_City_Transport.jpg/77px-Lusaka_City_Transport.jpg" decoding="async" width="77" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Lusaka_City_Transport.jpg/116px-Lusaka_City_Transport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Lusaka_City_Transport.jpg/154px-Lusaka_City_Transport.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3259" data-file-height="2892" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:260px;max-width:260px"><div style="height:110px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Museum_in_Lusaka,_Zambia_-_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/National_Museum_in_Lusaka%2C_Zambia_-_2014.jpg/258px-National_Museum_in_Lusaka%2C_Zambia_-_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="258" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/National_Museum_in_Lusaka%2C_Zambia_-_2014.jpg/387px-National_Museum_in_Lusaka%2C_Zambia_-_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/National_Museum_in_Lusaka%2C_Zambia_-_2014.jpg/516px-National_Museum_in_Lusaka%2C_Zambia_-_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5617" data-file-height="2415" /></a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption">From top and left to right: Central business district of Lusaka with <a href="/wiki/FINDECO_House" title="FINDECO House">FINDECO House</a> visible; Kafue Roundabout and surroundings, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Zambia" title="University of Zambia">University of Zambia</a> Main Campus, <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Cross,_Lusaka" title="Cathedral of the Holy Cross, Lusaka">Cathedral of the Holy Cross</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zambia_National_Commercial_Bank" title="Zambia National Commercial Bank">ZANACO</a> head office, Society Business Park, Cairo Mall, <a href="/wiki/Lusaka_National_Museum" title="Lusaka National Museum">Lusaka National Museum</a> exhibition</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Nickname: <div class="ib-settlement-nickname nickname">LSK</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Zambia_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lusaka is located in Zambia"><img alt="Lusaka is located in Zambia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Zambia_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-Zambia_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Zambia_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-Zambia_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Zambia_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-Zambia_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1181" data-file-height="1022" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:72.543%;left:54.264%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Lusaka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Lusaka</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Lusaka in Zambia</div>Show map of Zambia</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><a href="/wiki/File:Africa_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lusaka is located in Africa"><img alt="Lusaka is located in Africa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Africa_relief_location_map.jpg/250px-Africa_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Africa_relief_location_map.jpg/375px-Africa_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Africa_relief_location_map.jpg/500px-Africa_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1525" data-file-height="1440" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:71.515%;left:64.85%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Lusaka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Lusaka</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Lusaka (Africa)</div>Show map of Africa</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Lusaka&params=15_25_S_28_17_E_region:ZM_type:city">15°25′S 28°17′E / 15.417°S 28.283°E / -15.417; 28.283</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Zambia" title="Provinces of Zambia">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lusaka_Province" title="Lusaka Province">Lusaka Province</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Zambia#Lusaka_Province" title="Districts of Zambia">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lusaka_District" title="Lusaka District">Lusaka District</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1905</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">City status</th><td class="infobox-data">25 August 1960</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mayor-council_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayor-council government">Mayor-council government</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayor_of_Lusaka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mayor of Lusaka (page does not exist)">Mayor</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Chilando Chitangala <a href="/wiki/Patriotic_Front_(Zambia)" title="Patriotic Front (Zambia)">(PF)</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital city</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">360 km2 (140 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,279<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> m (4,190 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2010 Census)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">Capital city</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,747,152<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Estimate <div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2020)</div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,731,696<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,238,569</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Lusakan</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_Africa_Time" title="Central Africa Time">Central Africa Time</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">(Not Observed)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0211<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> (2018)</th><td class="infobox-data">0.664<a href="#cite_note-GlobalDataLab-6">[6]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style>Medium</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lcc.gov.zm">www.lcc.gov.zm</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Lusaka (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/luːˈsɑːkə/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">loo-SAH-kə</a>) is the <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital</a> and largest city of <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a>. It is one of the fastest-developing cities in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa" title="Southern Africa">southern Africa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Lusaka is in the southern part of the central plateau at an elevation of about 1,279 metres (4,196 ft). As of 2019<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lusaka&action=edit">[update]</a>, the city's population was about 3.3 million, while the urban population is estimated at 2.5 million in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Lusaka is the centre of both commerce and government in Zambia and connects to the country's four main highways heading <a href="/wiki/Great_North_Road,_Zambia" title="Great North Road, Zambia">north</a>, <a href="/wiki/Livingstone_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="Livingstone Road">south</a>, <a href="/wiki/Great_East_Road" title="Great East Road">east</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Great_West_Road,_Zambia" class="mw-redirect" title="Great West Road, Zambia">west</a>. English is the official language of the city administration, while <a href="/wiki/Bemba_language" title="Bemba language">Bemba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nyanja" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyanja">Nyanja</a> are the commonly-spoken street languages. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:INDO_BANK_ZAMBIA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Indo Bank Zambia building, Lusaka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/INDO_BANK_ZAMBIA.jpg/220px-INDO_BANK_ZAMBIA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/INDO_BANK_ZAMBIA.jpg/330px-INDO_BANK_ZAMBIA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/INDO_BANK_ZAMBIA.jpg/440px-INDO_BANK_ZAMBIA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1797" data-file-height="1011" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Indo-Zambia_Bank_Limited" title="Indo-Zambia Bank Limited">Indo-Zambia Bank Limited</a> Headquarters, Lusaka</figcaption></figure> The earliest evidence of settlement in the area dates to the 6th century AD, with the first known settlement in the 11th century. It was then home to the <a href="/wiki/Lenje_people" title="Lenje people">Lenje</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soli_language" title="Soli language">Soli</a> peoples from the 17th or 18th century. The founding of the modern city occurred in 1905 when it lay in the <a href="/wiki/British_protectorate" title="British protectorate">British protectorate</a> of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Rhodesia" title="Northern Rhodesia">Northern Rhodesia</a>, which was controlled by the <a href="/wiki/British_South_African_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="British South African Company">British South African Company</a> (BSAC). The BSAC built a railway linking their mines in the <a href="/wiki/Copperbelt" title="Copperbelt">Copperbelt</a> to <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a> and Lusaka was designated as a <a href="/wiki/Water_stop" title="Water stop">water stop</a> on that line, named after a local Lenje chief called Lusaaka. White <a href="/wiki/Afrikaner" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrikaner">Afrikaner</a> farmers then settled in the area and expanded Lusaka into a regional trading centre, taking over its administration. In 1929, five years after taking over control of Northern Rhodesia from the BSAC, the British colonial administration decided to move its capital from <a href="/wiki/Livingstone,_Zambia" title="Livingstone, Zambia">Livingstone</a> to a more central location, and Lusaka was chosen. Town planners including <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Adshead" title="Stanley Adshead">Stanley Adshead</a> worked on the project, and the city was built out over the subsequent decades. Lusaka lost some of its status to <a href="/wiki/Harare" title="Harare">Salisbury</a> (now Harare in Zimbabwe) when the latter became the capital of the merged <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Rhodesia_and_Nyasaland" title="Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland">Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland</a> in 1953, but regained it when it was named the capital of newly independent Zambia in 1964. A large-scale building programme in the city followed, including government buildings, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Zambia" title="University of Zambia">University of Zambia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Kaunda_International_Airport" title="Kenneth Kaunda International Airport">a new airport</a>. Wealthy suburbs in Lusaka include Woodlands, Ibex Hill and Rhodes Park. Large-scale migration of people from other areas of Zambia occurred both before and after independence, and a lack of sufficient formal housing led to the emergence of numerous unplanned <a href="/wiki/Shanty_town" title="Shanty town">shanty towns</a> on the city's western and southern fringes. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusaka&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Lusaka" title="Timeline of Lusaka">Timeline of Lusaka</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-3-235.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-3-235.jpg/220px-The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-3-235.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-3-235.jpg/330px-The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-3-235.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-3-235.jpg/440px-The_National_Archives_UK_-_CO_1069-3-235.jpg 2x" data-file-width="802" data-file-height="642" /></a><figcaption>Government House, built for the <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Northern_Rhodesia" title="Governor of Northern Rhodesia">Governor of Northern Rhodesia</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusaka&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early history">edit</a>]</div> The earliest evidence of settlement in the area around what is now the Lusaka area dates to the 6th century. The first known village dates to around the 11th century, a settlement of round huts close to the modern suburb of Olympia. The subsequent centuries saw considerable fluctuation of people in the area, until the arrival of the <a href="/wiki/Lenje_language" title="Lenje language">Lenje</a> and <a href="/wiki/Soli_language" title="Soli language">Soli</a> peoples in the 17th or 18th century.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMyers201648-9">[9]</a> The Soli are believed by scholars to have arrived as part of the <a href="/wiki/Luba_people" title="Luba people">Luba migration</a> along the <a href="/wiki/Luapula_River" title="Luapula River">Luapula River</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFagan1961228-10">[10]</a> while the Lenje are related to the <a href="/wiki/Ila_people" title="Ila people">Ila</a>–<a href="/wiki/Tonga_people_(Zambia_and_Zimbabwe)" title="Tonga people (Zambia and Zimbabwe)">Tonga</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BritannicaZambiaPeople-11">[11]</a> Modern Lusaka lies on the boundary of the territories of the two groups, with the Lenje inhabiting the region to the north of the city and the Soli to the south.<a href="#cite_note-TribalLinguisticMap-12">[12]</a> In the 19th century, African and European slave traders began arriving from the coastal regions of modern-day <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a> and <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a>, enslaving members of the Soli and Lenje communities for shipment to the Middle East, Europe and South America.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMyers201648-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMulenga20032-13">[13]</a> The need to evade these attacks as well as their use of a <a href="/wiki/Shifting_cultivation" title="Shifting cultivation">shifting-cultivation</a> farming system, necessitated frequent relocation amongst the Soli and Lenje, and there were, therefore, no major permanent settlements.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMulenga20032-13">[13]</a> In the late 19th century, British–South African mining entrepreneur and politician <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Rhodes" title="Cecil Rhodes">Cecil Rhodes</a> founded the <a href="/wiki/British_South_African_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="British South African Company">British South African Company</a> (BSAC), with a charter from <a href="/wiki/Queen_Victoria" title="Queen Victoria">Queen Victoria</a> to colonise and develop land in sections of what is now northern South Africa, Zimbabwe, Zambia, Malawi and Botswana.<a href="#cite_note-BritannicaRhodes-14">[14]</a> Rhodes was a strong believer in the <a href="/wiki/Cape_to_Cairo_railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape to Cairo railway">Cape to Cairo railway</a> project, although with <a href="/wiki/German_East_Africa" title="German East Africa">German East Africa</a> blocking the route to the north of BSAC territory, he could not progress it during his lifetime.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox1920100-15">[15]</a> With little regard for the prior rights of the African populations, Rhodes directed the expansion of territorial control as far as <a href="/wiki/Harare" title="Harare">Salisbury</a> (now Harare in Zimbabwe), and his company continued extending to the north even after his death in 1902.<a href="#cite_note-BritannicaRhodes-14">[14]</a> The BSAC took formal control of the region around Lusaka through the <a href="/wiki/British_protectorate" title="British protectorate">protectorate</a> of <a href="/wiki/Barotziland%E2%80%93North-Western_Rhodesia" title="Barotziland–North-Western Rhodesia">Barotziland–North-Western Rhodesia</a>, named after Rhodes, in 1899.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMulenga20031–2-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> The capital was initially at <a href="/wiki/Kalomo" title="Kalomo">Kalomo</a>, being switched to <a href="/wiki/Livingstone,_Zambia" title="Livingstone, Zambia">Livingstone</a> in 1907.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHunt19599_&amp,_12-18">[18]</a> This was merged in 1911 with the territory of <a href="/wiki/North-Eastern_Rhodesia" title="North-Eastern Rhodesia">North-Eastern Rhodesia</a> to form <a href="/wiki/Northern_Rhodesia" title="Northern Rhodesia">Northern Rhodesia</a>, predecessor of modern Zambia.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Faced with uprisings by Africans within their territory, as well as an economic decline and a desire to expand mining interests in northern Zambia's <a href="/wiki/Copperbelt" title="Copperbelt">Copperbelt</a>, the BSAC expedited the building of the northbound railway from South Africa into Northern Rhodesia from 1896.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELunn1992240–241-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKatzenellenbogen197464-21">[21]</a> Lusaka was founded in 1905 as a <a href="/wiki/Water_stop" title="Water stop">water stop</a> on the route and was named after a Chief Lusaaka, the leader of a nearby Lenje village.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMyers201648-9">[9]</a> The section of line through Lusaka was built by the <a href="/wiki/Mashonaland_Railway_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Mashonaland Railway Company">Mashonaland Railway Company</a>, extending the line by 452 kilometres (281 mi) from Kalomo through to the mining town of Broken Hill (now <a href="/wiki/Kabwe" title="Kabwe">Kabwe</a>).<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinchester1935a867–868-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWinchester1935b869–874-23">[23]</a> During the subsequent years, white <a href="/wiki/Afrikaner" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrikaner">Afrikaner</a> farmers settled in the area, Lusaka becoming their regional centre and access point to the railway. By 1913, several stores and a hotel had opened, and they persuaded the BSAC to declare Lusaka as a recognised town and cede control of local affairs to them.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMulenga20032-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMyers201648-9">[9]</a> This early town was governed by the Lusaka Village Management Board, elected by the farmers, and consisted of a tract of land along the railway route, 5 kilometres (3 mi) in length and 1.5 kilometres (0.9 mi) wide.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMulenga20032-13">[13]</a> After <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, the United Kingdom took control of <a href="/wiki/Tanganyika_(territory)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanganyika (territory)">Tanganyika</a> (now Tanzania), which had been previously part of <a href="/wiki/German_East_Africa" title="German East Africa">German East Africa</a>. This created an almost continuous line of British colonies from South Africa through to Egypt and led to the revival of projects for the Cape to Cairo railway and a similar <a href="/wiki/Cape_to_Cairo_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape to Cairo Road">road route</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFox1920100-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHome20134-24">[24]</a> The British imperial government took direct control of Northern Rhodesia in 1924, through a governor and legislative council, but the BSAC retained its rights over mining acquired in prior decades.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHome20134-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClough1924281–282-25">[25]</a> The new administration favoured an <a href="/wiki/Indirect_rule" title="Indirect rule">indirect rule</a> system with self-governance for the African population, although in reality the rights of Africans remained very limited.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHome20134–5-26">[26]</a> The mining corporations, as well as Afrikaner farmers around Lusaka, did not welcome the change, favouring a South African model.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHome20136-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERanger1980351-28">[28]</a> The colonial administration favoured the establishment of planned towns as a means of asserting its authority.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHome20137-29">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Designation_as_Northern_Rhodesia's_capital">Designation as Northern Rhodesia's capital</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusaka&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Designation as Northern Rhodesia's capital">edit</a>]</div> In March 1929, the UK's <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Office" title="Colonial Office">Colonial Office</a> sent a telegram to the Northern Rhodesian government recommending that the capital of the territory be moved, citing "communications" and also "health" reasons.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHome20137-29">[29]</a> However, the medical rationale for the relocation was not explicitly published at the time.<a href="#cite_note-hans_Nort-30">[30]</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Maxwell_(colonial_administrator)" title="James Maxwell (colonial administrator)">James Maxwell</a>, a former physician and the protectorate's governor since 1927, brought his former colleague David Alexander from Nigeria to assist him with this relocation project.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHome20137-29">[29]</a> Keen to avoid the informal development of the <a href="/wiki/Township" title="Township">townships</a> that were emerging close to mining areas, Alexander recommended that a <a href="/wiki/Town_planner" class="mw-redirect" title="Town planner">town planner</a> be recruited to design the capital. Maxwell and Alexander then investigated possible sites for the new city, eventually choosing Lusaka as a result of its situation on the railway and at the crossroads of Northern Rhodesia's <a href="/wiki/Great_North_Road,_Zambia" title="Great North Road, Zambia">Great North Road</a> and <a href="/wiki/Great_East_Road" title="Great East Road">Great East Road</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMulenga20032-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHome20138-31">[31]</a> Maxwell requested a town planner from the Colonial Office, which sent <a href="/wiki/University_College_London" title="University College London">University College London</a> professor <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Adshead" title="Stanley Adshead">Stanley Adshead</a>, as well as a water engineer, to the colony. Adshead examined several possible locations for the capital, eventually confirming Lusaka as a suitable location in late 1930. He had considered placing the capital in the Copperbelt, but a mutual distrust between the mining corporations and the government meant that both preferred to maintain some distance between the capital and the mines.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHome20138-31">[31]</a> The water engineer's investigations concluded that there was sufficient groundwater,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMulenga20032-13">[13]</a> and the report confirming Lusaka as the planned capital was approved by the legislative council in July 1931.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHome20138-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-hans_Nort-30">[30]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Storrs" title="Ronald Storrs">Ronald Storrs</a> replaced Maxwell as governor in 1932, but funds were limited as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a> and there was little progress on the development of Lusaka. Several thousand Africans migrated to the city in search of construction work, but none was available, leading to large-scale poverty, hunger, and rioting.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHome20139-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHansen1982122-33">[33]</a> Storrs's greatest interest in the project was the development of the Government House, echoing <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Palace,_Nicosia" title="Presidential Palace, Nicosia">a similar project</a> he had initiated as <a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_and_administrators_of_British_Cyprus" title="List of colonial governors and administrators of British Cyprus">governor of Cyprus</a>, when his headquarters was burned down in <a href="/wiki/1931_Cyprus_revolt" title="1931 Cyprus revolt">a revolt</a>. Seeking to emulate the Cyprus building, as well as the recently completed <a href="/wiki/Rashtrapati_Bhavan" title="Rashtrapati Bhavan">viceroy's mansion in New Delhi</a>, Storrs commissioned several top architects to work on the plan, which was presented at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Academy">Royal Academy</a>. The £43,000 projected cost of the building was more than 10 per cent of the total budget earmarked for the Lusaka project and the Colonial Office insisted in late 1933 that it be reduced. Storrs left his post as governor shortly afterwards, on the grounds of ill health.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHome20139–10-34">[34]</a> By that point, the completed work consisted of a few short stretches of road (including <a href="/wiki/Cairo_Road" title="Cairo Road">Cairo Road</a>, named for its anticipated place on the proposed <a href="/wiki/Cape_to_Cairo_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape to Cairo Road">Cape to Cairo Road</a>) and some houses and flats for government officials.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHome201310-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHome201321-36">[36]</a> Storrs's replacement as governor was <a href="/wiki/Hubert_Winthrop_Young" title="Hubert Winthrop Young">Hubert Winthrop Young</a>, who had been serving as governor of neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Nyasaland" title="Nyasaland">Nyasaland</a> (now Malawi). Early in his tenure, in April 1934, Young hosted a visit to Lusaka by <a href="/wiki/Prince_George,_Duke_of_Kent" title="Prince George, Duke of Kent">Prince George</a>, the fourth son of <a href="/wiki/King_George_V" class="mw-redirect" title="King George V">King George V</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHome20132-37">[37]</a> During his visit, George laid the foundation stone of Lusaka's administrative buildings,<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> as well as opening roads named after his father and himself.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHome20132-37">[37]</a> After the royal visit, Young wrote to the Colonial Office that he was "optimistic about the future of Lusaka", and he appointed administrator Eric Dutton to lead the project.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHome201310-35">[35]</a> There was some resistance from the white population of Livingstone, which feared that the capital would lead to a loss of business. Young refused their demand to compensate them financially, but he sought to placate them by establishing Livingstone as the protectorate's tourism capital, with <a href="/wiki/Livingstone_Museum" title="Livingstone Museum">a new museum</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Game_reserve" title="Game reserve">game reserve</a>. Lusaka formally became the capital in May 1935, with a "Lusaka week" celebration scheduled to coincide with celebrations of <a href="/wiki/Silver_Jubilee_of_George_V" title="Silver Jubilee of George V">George V's silver jubilee</a>. The government commissioned a special train, which moved all government officials from Livingstone to Lusaka during a single weekend.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHome201311-39">[39]</a> Under Adshead's original plans, Lusaka was proposed as a pure administrative centre, with no industry or large African population; he commented at one point that it "could never become an important city".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMulenga20032-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHome20131-40">[40]</a> Under Bowling's revised plans, there were areas designated for both light and heavy industry, as well as a business area.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMulenga20032-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHome201314-41">[41]</a> He gave prominence to the airport, as well as to the government house, albeit under a simpler design than that envisaged by Storrs. Both men had built <a href="/wiki/Racial_segregation" title="Racial segregation">racial segregation</a> into their plans, dividing the city into "native" and "non-native" areas, with residential areas and services for Africans placed on the southern periphery of the city. Despite producing these plans, both Adshead and Bowling had left Rhodesia before the Lusaka week, and the remainder of the building was left to Dutton and a small team of white officials.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHome201314-41">[41]</a> The city's footprint covered a large area, even at this early stage, despite much of it being undeveloped. This was part of a policy devised by Adshead intended to allow internal expansion, rather than the usual central core with suburbs added outside.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHome201316-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_colonial_years">Later colonial years</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusaka&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Later colonial years">edit</a>]</div> The building of Lusaka continued through the second half of the 1930s, but progress was slowed by a shortage of funds. The Northern Rhodesia government had hoped to raise money through taxes on the mining companies, but these were mostly registered in the United Kingdom and paid all the tax on their revenues there. The loan taken to cover the project's £400,000 budget was guaranteed by the <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Beit#The_Beit_Trust_and_other_donations" title="Alfred Beit">Beit Trust</a>, but there was no scope for additional infrastructure to be built.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHome201315-44">[44]</a> The UK launched <a href="/wiki/Bledisloe_Commission" title="Bledisloe Commission">an investigation</a> into a possible merger of Southern Rhodesia, Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland in 1938, a prospect which caused private businesses to withdraw investment, fearing that Lusaka would lose its capital status. This left the government as the sole source of funds.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> Also in 1938, the Northern Rhodesia government commissioned a report by finance expert <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alan_Pim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alan Pim (page does not exist)">Alan Pim</a>, to examine the territory's economy. This concluded that despite the relatively high taxes on mining in the territory, the administration (which was already heavily reliant on revenue from mining) was not getting its fair share.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts1982352-46">[46]</a> Pim also criticised the allocation of housing for Africans in Lusaka, noting that of 10,000 living in the city at that time, only 1,500 were in formal housing.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHome201316-42">[42]</a> Africans were at that time only permitted to live in the city under temporary work permits, with family members required to remain elsewhere.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMulenga20033-47">[47]</a> The need for metals during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> led to a boom in the copper industry which, accompanied by a 1941 excess-profits tax ordered by the UK, brought increased revenue to the government.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoberts1982353-48">[48]</a> The boom also led to a substantial increase in urbanisation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMulenga20032-13">[13]</a> Lusaka's official population (which excluded much of the African population) rose from around 2,000 in 1931 to almost 19,000 in 1946, with a 15 per cent annual growth rate.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMulenga20033-47">[47]</a> In 1948, the government passed the African Housing Ordinance, which authorised permanent residential suburbs for Africans, including married couples. Employers in the city were also required to pay for their workers' housing. The city authorities founded the African Housing Board, which built the new suburbs of New Chilenje and Matero. Lusaka's African workforce, which remained relatively unskilled, did not benefit as much as that of the Copperbelt, where a shortage of skilled mining labour had led to improved pay.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHansen1982122–123-49">[49]</a> In 1952, a development plan for Lusaka gained statutory approval for the first time – earlier proposals such as those by Adshead and Bowling had never been legally sanctioned.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHome201316-42">[42]</a> This plan envisaged much more territory for the African suburbs, but only around one-third of these were ever built.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHansen1982123-50">[50]</a> In 1953, the British government approved the pre-war plan to merge Northern Rhodesia with its two neighbours, forming the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Rhodesia_and_Nyasaland" title="Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland">Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland</a>. Authorities in London cited the economic benefits and the belief that the merged territory would form a "multiracial state" to counter the rise of <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">Apartheid</a> in South Africa. The federation was popular with white settlers across the region, especially in Southern Rhodesia, but was strongly opposed by the African population.<a href="#cite_note-BritannicaFederation-51">[51]</a> Lusaka remained the capital of Northern Rhodesia but many of the government departments, as well as some private sector industries, moved to Salisbury, which was designated as the federal capital. Lusaka's economy suffered as a result, with reduced jobs in construction, transportation, and domestic service. This economic decline, coupled with a fall in copper prices in the mid-to-late 1950s, resulted in large-scale unemployment among both African and white Lusakans. The population continued to grow, however, as increasing numbers moved from rural areas to the city's informal settlements.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHansen1982123-50">[50]</a> In contrast to South Africa, where the government regularly bulldozed them, the authorities in Rhodesia tolerated these squatter areas although they provided no services and Africans continued to live under strict legal constraints.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHansen1982124-52">[52]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Capital_of_the_Republic_of_Zambia">Capital of the Republic of Zambia</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusaka&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Capital of the Republic of Zambia">edit</a>]</div> As discontent with federation rose, a new group of African leaders emerged in the late 1950s, seeking <a href="/wiki/Majority_rule" title="Majority rule">majority rule</a> and independence for Northern Rhodesia, as had recently been attained in <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>. After a <a href="/wiki/Civil_disobedience" title="Civil disobedience">civil disobedience</a> in 1962, led by <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Kaunda" title="Kenneth Kaunda">Kenneth Kaunda</a>'s <a href="/wiki/United_National_Independence_Party" title="United National Independence Party">United National Independence Party</a> (UNIP), the UK Government agreed to a new constitution under which Africans took control of the legislature. The end of the federation followed in 1963, and in 1964, Northern Rhodesia became independent as the Republic of <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BritannicaZambiaColonialRule-53">[53]</a> Lusaka was named as the capital of Zambia.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHome201318-54">[54]</a> A large-scale building programme in the city followed, including: government buildings, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Zambia" title="University of Zambia">University of Zambia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Kaunda_International_Airport" title="Kenneth Kaunda International Airport">a new airport</a>. The employment opportunities that arose from this attracted further migration from rural areas into Lusaka, exacerbating the city's housing shortage. The government constructed several new housing estates during the 1960s, including New Kamwala and Chilenje South.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHansen1982125-55">[55]</a> This was the first time that good-quality housing with public utilities had been built for the African population, although it was largely limited to civil servants and copper-industry workers, with the majority of residents continuing to live in the informal settlements.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHansen1982125-55">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-BlackPast-56">[56]</a> Although Zambia, Malawi and Tanzania had achieved independence by the mid-1960s,<a href="#cite_note-BritannicaFederation-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> the other nearby territories of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Mozambique" title="Portuguese Mozambique">Mozambique</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Angola" title="Portuguese Angola">Angola</a>, Southern Rhodesia and South Africa were still under white minority control. Many activists from these territories moved to post-independence Lusaka, and American historian Evan Wade later described it as the "center of anti-colonial resistance for Southern Africa".<a href="#cite_note-BlackPast-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChongo201613-58">[58]</a> In 1969, the city hosted the Fifth Summit Conference of East and Central African States, attended by fourteen leaders of African countries. The conference produced the <a href="/wiki/Lusaka_Manifesto" title="Lusaka Manifesto">Lusaka Manifesto</a>, a pledge of solidarity by the signatories in seeking majority rule in southern Africa. The manifesto advocated a strategy of negotiation rather than violence and was later endorsed by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChongo201613-58">[58]</a> The 1965 <a href="/wiki/Rhodesia%27s_Unilateral_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Rhodesia's Unilateral Declaration of Independence">Unilateral Declaration of Independence</a> in Southern Rhodesia and subsequent UN embargo and eventual border closure impacted Zambia's economy, depriving it of its principal trade route.<a href="#cite_note-BritannicaZambiaUnderKaunda-59">[59]</a> In the early days of independence, with high revenues from copper exports, economists described Zambia as a "middle-income country" with the potential to become fully <a href="/wiki/Developed_country" title="Developed country">developed</a>. Beginning in the 1970s, however, the Zambian economy suffered a major decline as a result of falling copper prices and rising oil prices.<a href="#cite_note-BritannicaZambiaUnderKaunda-59">[59]</a> <a href="/wiki/Per_capita_income" title="Per capita income">Per capita income</a> dropped by 50% between 1974 and 1994. The slow-down also highlighted what American political scientist John Harbeson described as a "massive and inefficient parastatal sector as well as the government's prevailing urban bias", and led to a fall in formal employment in Lusaka which continued for several decades.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFrischkorn2015209–210-60">[60]</a> The lack of jobs decreased the level of rural-to-urban migration in Zambia,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMulenga20034-61">[61]</a> but the decline of the copper industry caused a large movement of people from the Copperbelt cities to Lusaka. This, and the <a href="/wiki/Natural_population_growth" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural population growth">natural population growth</a> in the city's young population, gave Lusaka a population growth of around 4% in the 1990s, exceeding the national average.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMulenga20034-61">[61]</a> The Zambian economy grew rapidly during the 2000s,<a href="#cite_note-Economist-62">[62]</a> and the government initiated projects designed to improve the quality of housing and access to services in Lusaka.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWraggLim2014262-63">[63]</a> These included a comprehensive urban development plan, prepared by the Zambian government and the <a href="/wiki/Japan_International_Cooperation_Agency" title="Japan International Cooperation Agency">Japan International Cooperation Agency</a> (JICA), and an urban and regional planning bill, which was enacted in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-parl_TheU-64">[64]</a> Inequality and underinvestment in housing remain high, however, with 70% of residents still living in unplanned settlements in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWraggLim2014262-63">[63]</a> In 2018, the city council began a programme of road improvements to tackle chronic traffic congestion, but the lack of quality housing and services remains an issue as of 2021.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChigudu20216–7-65">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusaka&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kafue_round_about.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Kafue_round_about.jpg/220px-Kafue_round_about.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Kafue_round_about.jpg/330px-Kafue_round_about.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Kafue_round_about.jpg/440px-Kafue_round_about.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3987" data-file-height="2989" /></a><figcaption>View of Cairo Road and north-west Lusaka from the Zanaco building</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Zambia" title="Geography of Zambia">Zambian terrain</a> consists mainly of a high-altitude <a href="/wiki/Plateau" title="Plateau">plateau</a>, with some hills and mountains.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrönwallMulengaMcGranahan201047-66">[66]</a> Lusaka is located on the plateau, in south-central Zambia at 15°25′S 28°17′E, with an altitude of 1,280 metres (4,200 ft).<a href="#cite_note-BritannicaLusaka-67">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECIA2007684-68">[68]</a> It is located 472 kilometres (293 mi) north east of the tourism capital, <a href="/wiki/Livingstone,_Zambia" title="Livingstone, Zambia">Livingstone</a>, and 362 kilometres (225 mi) from <a href="/wiki/Kitwe" title="Kitwe">Kitwe</a> on the Copperbelt, Zambia's second-largest city. <a href="/wiki/Mpulungu" title="Mpulungu">Mpulungu</a>, the most distant major Zambian town from Lusaka, lies 1,074 kilometres (667 mi) away on the shores of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Tanganyika" title="Lake Tanganyika">Lake Tanganyika</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcIntyre201668-69">[69]</a> The city of Lusaka is coterminous with <a href="/wiki/Lusaka_District" title="Lusaka District">Lusaka District</a>, and is the capital of <a href="/wiki/Lusaka_Province" title="Lusaka Province">Lusaka Province</a>, which is Zambia's smallest but most populated province.<a href="#cite_note-LusakaCityCouncil-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Lusaka District borders <a href="/wiki/Chilanga_District" title="Chilanga District">Chilanga District</a> to the west and south, <a href="/wiki/Kafue_District" title="Kafue District">Kafue District</a> to the south-east and <a href="/wiki/Chongwe_District" title="Chongwe District">Chongwe District</a> to the east, all in Lusaka Province. It also borders <a href="/wiki/Chibombo_District" title="Chibombo District">Chibombo District</a> to the north.<a href="#cite_note-LusakaCityCouncil-70">[70]</a> The geology of Lusaka is divided between uneven-depth <a href="/wiki/Fold_(geology)" title="Fold (geology)">folded</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fault_(geology)" title="Fault (geology)">faulted</a> <a href="/wiki/Schist" title="Schist">schist</a> in the north, and <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> with dolomitic <a href="/wiki/Marble" title="Marble">marble</a> in the south, to a depth of 120 metres (390 ft). These rocks yield more groundwater than the <a href="/wiki/Basement_(geology)" title="Basement (geology)">crystalline basement</a> rock which is the most prevalent in Zambia. The limestone regions have formed underground <a href="/wiki/Karst" title="Karst">karsts</a>, into which surface water drains, causing a lack of major rivers and few streams.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrönwallMulengaMcGranahan201049-72">[72]</a> The city lies on a <a href="/wiki/Drainage_divide" title="Drainage divide">drainage divide</a>, with waters in the north east of the city draining into the <a href="/wiki/Chongwe_River" title="Chongwe River">Chongwe River</a>, via the Ngwerere and Chalimbana streams, while the west and south are within the basin of the <a href="/wiki/Kafue_River" title="Kafue River">Kafue River</a>. Both the Chongwe and the Kafue ultimately drain into the <a href="/wiki/Zambezi_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Zambezi River">Zambezi River</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELusaka_City_CouncilEnvironmental_Council_of_Zambia20083-73">[73]</a> The soil is predominantly <a href="/wiki/Leptosol" title="Leptosol">Leptosols</a> in the schist region and <a href="/wiki/Phaeozem" title="Phaeozem">Phaeozems</a> on the dolomite. These non-clay soils result in reduced filtration of groundwater before it reaches <a href="/wiki/Aquifer" title="Aquifer">aquifers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrönwallMulengaMcGranahan201050-74">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cityscape">Cityscape</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusaka&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Cityscape">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LusakaSuburbs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/LusakaSuburbs.jpg/220px-LusakaSuburbs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/LusakaSuburbs.jpg/330px-LusakaSuburbs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/LusakaSuburbs.jpg/440px-LusakaSuburbs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1760" data-file-height="1168" /></a><figcaption>Suburban residential area</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lusaka_Morning_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Lusaka_Morning_1.jpg/202px-Lusaka_Morning_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="202" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Lusaka_Morning_1.jpg/303px-Lusaka_Morning_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Lusaka_Morning_1.jpg/404px-Lusaka_Morning_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="2268" /></a><figcaption>Chilenje Residential area in 2023</figcaption></figure> Lusaka's central business district (CBD) is located in the area surrounding Cairo Road, to the west of the <a href="/wiki/Zambia_Railways" title="Zambia Railways">Zambia Railways</a> line from Livingstone to the Copperbelt. This is the historical site where the original colonial town was founded in the early 20th century. <a href="/wiki/Cairo_Road" title="Cairo Road">Cairo Road</a>, a north–south multi-lane highway roughly <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>four kilometres (2+1⁄2 mi) in length,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcIntyre2016119-75">[75]</a> is the CBD's main artery, which features office buildings as well as shops, cafes and other retail businesses.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamonga199661-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAuziasLabourdette201786-77">[77]</a> However, heavy vehicles (trucks) are not allowed on Cairo Road (they are advised to use Lumumba Road to bypass this thoroughfare to the west when travelling north and south). Four of the top five tallest buildings in Zambia are located on Cairo Road, including the tallest, the 90-metre (300 ft) 23-storey <a href="/w/index.php?title=Findeco_House&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Findeco House (page does not exist)">Findeco House</a>.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[a]</a> To the west of Cairo Road there are two major markets, the Central Market and New City Market.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcIntyre2016119-75">[75]</a> East of the CBD lies the government area, which including the State House and the various ministries, around <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_Hill,_Lusaka" title="Cathedral Hill, Lusaka">Cathedral Hill</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ridgeway,_Lusaka" title="Ridgeway, Lusaka">Ridgeway</a> neighbourhoods.<a href="#cite_note-CityscapeOSM-84">[83]</a> East of there, along Independence Avenue, lies Woodlands, which is the principal residential area for Lusaka's rich elite, as well as wealthy expatriates.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAuziasLabourdette201786-77">[77]</a> The wealthy suburbs of Ibex Hill and Rhodes Park are also situated in the east of the city, with Makeni to the south.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamonga199661-76">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-CityscapeOSM-84">[83]</a> Other suburbs include <a href="/wiki/Kalingalinga" title="Kalingalinga">Kalingalinga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kamwala_Secondary_School" title="Kamwala Secondary School">Kamwala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kabwata" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabwata">Kabwata</a>, Olympia Park, Roma, Fairview and Northmead.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAuziasLabourdette201786-77">[77]</a> The majority of Lusaka residents, however, live in the unplanned <a href="/wiki/Shanty_town" title="Shanty town">shanty towns</a>, which are predominantly in the west, south and north of the city.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMulenga20037-85">[84]</a> These include <a href="/wiki/Matero,_Lusaka" title="Matero, Lusaka">Matero</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chilenje" title="Chilenje">Chilenje</a> and Libala.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHamonga199661-76">[76]</a> Along <a href="/wiki/Great_East_Road" title="Great East Road">Great East Road</a> are three of the largest shopping malls in Zambia: Arcades shopping mall (with open-air storefronts), East Park shopping mall and Manda Hill shopping mall (enclosed shops), which was revamped and houses many most international stores and restaurants.<a href="#cite_note-86">[85]</a> Overlooking Arcades is the <a href="/wiki/Sun_Share_Tower" title="Sun Share Tower">Sun Share Tower</a> on Katima Mulilo Road near the Radisson Blu hotel. The 58-metre-high Tower was launched in 2017 by Sun Share Ltd.<a href="#cite_note-87">[86]</a> Monuments and national symbols in Lusaka include the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum">National Museum</a>, government buildings around the CBD, the African Freedom statue and a memorial to the victims of the <a href="/wiki/1993_Zambia_national_football_team_plane_crash" title="1993 Zambia national football team plane crash">1993 Zambia national football team plane crash</a>, located at the <a href="/wiki/National_Heroes_Stadium" title="National Heroes Stadium">National Heroes Stadium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMyersSubulwa2018124-88">[87]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusaka&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> Primarily due to its high altitude, Lusaka features a <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a> (Cwa) according to <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>. Its coldest month, July, has a monthly mean temperature of 14.9 °C (58.8 °F). Lusaka features hot summers and cool winters, with cold conditions mainly restricted to nights in June and July. The hottest month is October, which sees daily average high temperatures at around 32 °C (90 °F). There are three main seasons: a warm <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoon</a> season between November and March, a dry winter between April and August, and a hot summer in September and October. <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for <a href="/wiki/Lusaka_City_Airport" title="Lusaka City Airport">Lusaka City Airport</a> (1991–2020) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.1 (95.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.4 (93.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.2 (93.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.2 (91.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.1 (88.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.6 (90.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.1 (88.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.5 (92.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF1A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.6 (99.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF0E00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.4 (102.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF0D00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.5 (103.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.0 (100.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF0D00; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">39.5 (103.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9 (80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.8 (80.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.2 (81.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.7 (80.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.4 (77.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.6 (74.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.1 (79.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.8 (85.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.5 (88.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.5 (88.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.4 (86.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6 (81.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5E00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">27.8 (82.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1 (71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9 (71.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0 (71.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.0 (69.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9934; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.2 (66.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3 (63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3 (64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.3 (70.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.6 (74.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.8 (76.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4 (75.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.5 (72.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.5 (70.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3 (63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0 (62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.9 (62.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3 (59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.0 (55.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9 (51.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5 (50.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC68D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.7 (54.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB163; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.8 (60.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA143; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.1 (64.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3 (64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5 (63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15.3 (59.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6 (47.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1 (44.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5 (45.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.5 (41.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF5EB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9 (42.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0 (41.0) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0 (37.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6 (42.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0 (42.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 (48.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10 (50) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6 (49.3) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3.0 (37.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #00C500; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">209.7 (8.26) </td> <td style="background: #00EA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">168.7 (6.64) </td> <td style="background: #7CFF7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.6 (3.45) </td> <td style="background: #DFFFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.7 (0.81) </td> <td style="background: #FAFFFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.7 (0.11) </td> <td style="background: #FEFFFE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 (0.01) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FEFFFE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3 (0.01) </td> <td style="background: #EEFFEE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9 (0.43) </td> <td style="background: #86FF86; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.0 (3.07) </td> <td style="background: #00F300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">178.6 (7.03) </td> <td style="background: #9FFF9F; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">757.5 (29.82) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">NOAA</a><a href="#cite_note-LusakaCity_67666-89">[88]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Lusaka (<a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Kaunda_International_Airport" title="Kenneth Kaunda International Airport">Kenneth Kaunda International Airport</a>) (1991–2020) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF0D00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.6 (103.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF2300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.4 (97.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.0 (93.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.1 (93.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.8 (91.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.9 (87.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.2 (91.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.5 (92.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF1400; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.5 (101.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.9 (102.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF0E00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.4 (102.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF2100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.7 (98.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF0D00; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">39.6 (103.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7 (81.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.1 (82.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0 (80.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.8 (82.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.8 (80.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0 (77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.7 (74.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.5 (81.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.7 (87.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.1 (84.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.2 (86.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9 (80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6000; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">27.5 (81.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8001; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.9 (73.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF7E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.1 (73.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1 (71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.2 (70.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0 (66.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.8 (62.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB061; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.9 (60.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1 (66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3 (72.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7 (72.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3 (75.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8205; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.6 (72.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.4 (70.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2 (64.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0 (64.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3 (63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.5 (58.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 (52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6 (47.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1 (46.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 (51.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBD7C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.0 (57.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.4 (61.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.3 (64.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2 (64.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.5 (58.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2 (50.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5 (45.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 (50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0 (46.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4 (41.7) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 (32.4) </td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7 (33.3) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8 (37.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF6ED; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8 (42.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1 (46.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 (50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1 (50.2) </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">0.2 (32.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #00E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">187.1 (7.37) </td> <td style="background: #14FF14; color:#000000;" class="notheme">143.4 (5.65) </td> <td style="background: #7DFF7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.8 (3.42) </td> <td style="background: #D8FFD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.7 (0.97) </td> <td style="background: #F9FFF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.5 (0.14) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 (0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FEFFFE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.2 (0.01) </td> <td style="background: #FCFFFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.3 (0.05) </td> <td style="background: #F2FFF2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6 (0.34) </td> <td style="background: #82FF82; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.0 (3.19) </td> <td style="background: #00DE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">192.6 (7.58) </td> <td style="background: #A2FFA2; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">729.4 (28.72) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) </th> <td style="background: #2020FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">18 </td> <td style="background: #3333FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8 </td> <td style="background: #3939FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">16 </td> <td style="background: #B3B3FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">72 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000C3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000C2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000C9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">80.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000DC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000F4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69.3 </td> <td style="background: #0505FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65.2 </td> <td style="background: #1515FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">61.1 </td> <td style="background: #3131FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">53.6 </td> <td style="background: #4D4DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">46.3 </td> <td style="background: #4545FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">48.6 </td> <td style="background: #1818FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">60.2 </td> <td style="background: #0000D1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000FD; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">67.0 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #D0D000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">176.7 </td> <td style="background: #D3D300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">168.0 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">220.1 </td> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">246.0 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">275.9 </td> <td style="background: #E9E900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">270.0 </td> <td style="background: #EDED08; color:#000000;" class="notheme">294.5 </td> <td style="background: #EFEF0D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">303.8 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">291.0 </td> <td style="background: #E8E800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">272.8 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">234.0 </td> <td style="background: #D3D300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">182.9 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,935.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: NOAA (precipitation days, humidity, sun 1961-1990)<a href="#cite_note-NOAA-90">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-LusakaInternational_67665-91">[90]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusaka&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> As of the 2010 Zambian census, the population of Lusaka was 1,715,032, of whom 838,210 were male and 876,822 female.<a href="#cite_note-92">[91]</a> This represented a 58 per cent increase since the 2000 census,<a href="#cite_note-94">[b]</a> and the city has continued to grow rapidly with an estimated population of 2,731,696 in 2020.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMulengaHinesFwoloshiChirwa2021e777-95">[93]</a> Although the area was historically on the boundary between the territory of the Soli and Lenje peoples,<a href="#cite_note-TribalLinguisticMap-12">[12]</a> modern Lusaka has no single dominant ethnic group, with all of <a href="/wiki/List_of_Zambian_tribes" title="List of Zambian tribes">Zambia's peoples</a> represented.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMulenga20034-61">[61]</a> This is a result of extensive migration from all areas of the country into the city, as well as the government's "One Zambia, One Nation" policy which encourages government employees to work across the country irrespective of their area of origin.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMutunda20072-96">[94]</a> Although most of the population is African and of <a href="/wiki/Bantu_peoples" title="Bantu peoples">Bantu</a> origin, there are also some non-Bantu long-term residents in Lusaka. This includes <a href="/wiki/White_people_in_Zambia" title="White people in Zambia">white people</a>, many descendants of those who settled around the railway in colonial times and <a href="/wiki/Gujarati_language" title="Gujarati language">Gujarati</a>-speaking Indians, whose numbers have increased since Zambian independence. Many of these non-Bantu residents hold Zambian citizenship.<a href="#cite_note-BritannicaPeople-97">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusaka&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Languages">edit</a>]</div> As with the rest of Zambia, English is the official national language in Lusaka, and is used in education from the <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Zambia" title="Education in Zambia">fifth grade</a> in school, at the age of 11, through to university.<a href="#cite_note-dw.c_Zamb-98">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMutunda20072-96">[94]</a> It is also the language used by large business, most newspapers and media, as well as the government.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMutunda20072-96">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-BritannicaPeople-97">[95]</a> The local language spoken in the city until the late 1980s was <a href="/wiki/Nyanja" class="mw-redirect" title="Nyanja">Nyanja</a>, brought by immigrants from Eastern Province. Since then, however, with increased migration from the Copperbelt region, there has been growing use of <a href="/wiki/Bemba_language" title="Bemba language">Bemba</a> among the city's residents.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMulenga20034-61">[61]</a> The mixture of three languages has led to a <a href="/wiki/Mixed_language" title="Mixed language">hybrid language</a> in Lusaka known as Town Nyanja. This is based on Nyanja, but incorporates vocabulary from English and Bemba as well as <a href="/wiki/Nsenga_language" title="Nsenga language">Nsenga</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMutunda20072-96">[94]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusaka&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Government">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zambia_Supreme_Court.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Zambia_Supreme_Court.JPG/220px-Zambia_Supreme_Court.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Zambia_Supreme_Court.JPG/330px-Zambia_Supreme_Court.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Zambia_Supreme_Court.JPG/440px-Zambia_Supreme_Court.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1035" data-file-height="585" /></a><figcaption>Supreme Court of Zambia</figcaption></figure> As the national capital, Lusaka is the seat of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government, epitomised by the presence of the National Assembly (parliament), the State House (office of the President), and the High Court. The Parliament is situated at the Parliament complex, which features a 15-story building. The city is also the capital of <a href="/wiki/Lusaka_Province" title="Lusaka Province">Lusaka Province</a>, the smallest and most populous of the country's ten provinces, and forms an <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Zambia" title="Districts of Zambia">administrative district</a> run by Lusaka City Council (namely <a href="/wiki/Lusaka_District" title="Lusaka District">Lusaka District</a>). The city council is headed by the <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Lusaka" title="List of mayors of Lusaka">Mayor of Lusaka</a>, with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chilando_Chitangala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chilando Chitangala (page does not exist)">Chilando Chitangala</a> the incumbent as of 2021.<a href="#cite_note-99">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusaka&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_Zambia_Sports_Centre_and_Clinic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/University_of_Zambia_Sports_Centre_and_Clinic.jpg/220px-University_of_Zambia_Sports_Centre_and_Clinic.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/University_of_Zambia_Sports_Centre_and_Clinic.jpg/330px-University_of_Zambia_Sports_Centre_and_Clinic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/University_of_Zambia_Sports_Centre_and_Clinic.jpg/440px-University_of_Zambia_Sports_Centre_and_Clinic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4640" data-file-height="2610" /></a><figcaption>University of Zambia campus</figcaption></figure> Zambia's oldest and largest institution of learning is the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Zambia" title="University of Zambia">University of Zambia</a> which is based in Lusaka and was established in 1965 and officially opened to the general public (which included both local and international students) in July 1966. Other universities and colleges located in Lusaka include: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Lusaka" title="University of Lusaka">University of Lusaka</a> (UNILUS), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zaou.ac.zm/">Zambian Open University (ZAOU)</a>, Chainama Hills College, <a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Hone_College" title="Evelyn Hone College">Evelyn Hone College</a> of Applied Arts and Commerce, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zcas.ac.zm/">Zambia Centre for Accountancy Studies University</a> (ZCASU), Natural Resources Development College (NRDC), National Institute of Public Administration (NIPA), <a href="/wiki/Cavendish_University_Zambia" title="Cavendish University Zambia">Cavendish University</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lusaka_Apex_Medical_University" title="Lusaka Apex Medical University">Lusaka Apex Medical University</a> and <a href="/wiki/DMI_St._Eugene_University" title="DMI St. Eugene University">DMI-St. Eugene University</a>. Lusaka has some of the finest schools in Zambia, including the <a href="/wiki/American_International_School_of_Lusaka" title="American International School of Lusaka">American International School of Lusaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhodes_Park_School" title="Rhodes Park School">Rhodes Park School</a>, the Lusaka International Community School, the French International School, the Italian international School, the Lusaka Islamic Cultural, and Educational Foundation (LICEF), the Chinese International School, Lusaka Russian Embassy School,<a href="#cite_note-100">[98]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baobab_College" title="Baobab College">Baobab College</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rhodes_Park_School" title="Rhodes Park School">Rhodes Park School</a> is not an international school, though there is a large presence of Angolans, Nigerians, Congolese, South Africans, and Chinese. The children of late President <a href="/wiki/Levy_Mwanawasa" title="Levy Mwanawasa">Levy Mwanawasa</a>, as well as the children of late Vice-president <a href="/wiki/George_Kunda" title="George Kunda">George Kunda</a>, attended the Rhodes Park School. Other well-known schools located in Lusaka include Matero Boys' Secondary School (MaBoys), <a href="/wiki/Parklands_High_School,_Lusaka" title="Parklands High School, Lusaka">Parklands High School</a>, Roma Girls' Secondary School, Munali Boys' and Girls' Secondary Schools, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chudleighhouseschool.com/">Chudleigh House School</a>,<a href="#cite_note-101">[99]</a> Kabulonga Boys' and Girls' Secondary Schools, Lake Road PTA School, David Kaunda Technical School (DK), Ibex Hill School, Kamwala Secondary, Libala Secondary, Silverest Secondary School and St. Mary's Secondary School. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Places_of_worship">Places of worship</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusaka&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Places of worship">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zambia_Lusaka_catholic_church_Krzysztof_B%C5%82a%C5%BCyca_2011_P01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Zambia_Lusaka_catholic_church_Krzysztof_B%C5%82a%C5%BCyca_2011_P01.jpg/220px-Zambia_Lusaka_catholic_church_Krzysztof_B%C5%82a%C5%BCyca_2011_P01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Zambia_Lusaka_catholic_church_Krzysztof_B%C5%82a%C5%BCyca_2011_P01.jpg/330px-Zambia_Lusaka_catholic_church_Krzysztof_B%C5%82a%C5%BCyca_2011_P01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Zambia_Lusaka_catholic_church_Krzysztof_B%C5%82a%C5%BCyca_2011_P01.jpg/440px-Zambia_Lusaka_catholic_church_Krzysztof_B%C5%82a%C5%BCyca_2011_P01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="346" /></a><figcaption>Lusaka Catholic church</figcaption></figure> Among the <a href="/wiki/Places_of_worship" class="mw-redirect" title="Places of worship">places of worship</a>, these are the predominant <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> churches and temples: the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Lusaka" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lusaka">Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Lusaka</a> (<a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>), seated at the <a href="/wiki/Child_Jesus_Cathedral,_Lusaka" title="Child Jesus Cathedral, Lusaka">Child Jesus Cathedral</a>; the Anglican <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Cross,_Lusaka" title="Cathedral of the Holy Cross, Lusaka">Cathedral of the Holy Cross</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_Hill,_Lusaka" title="Cathedral Hill, Lusaka">Cathedral Hill</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa-Indian_Ocean_Division_of_Seventh-day_Adventists" title="Southern Africa-Indian Ocean Division of Seventh-day Adventists">Seventh-day Adventist (SDA)</a>; <a href="/wiki/United_Church_in_Zambia" title="United Church in Zambia">United Church in Zambia</a> (<a href="/wiki/World_Communion_of_Reformed_Churches" title="World Communion of Reformed Churches">World Communion of Reformed Churches</a>); <a href="/wiki/New_Apostolic_Church" title="New Apostolic Church">New Apostolic Church</a>; <a href="/wiki/Reformed_Church_in_Zambia" title="Reformed Church in Zambia">Reformed Church in Zambia</a> (<a href="/wiki/World_Communion_of_Reformed_Churches" title="World Communion of Reformed Churches">World Communion of Reformed Churches</a>); <a href="/wiki/Baptist_Union_of_Zambia" title="Baptist Union of Zambia">Baptist Union of Zambia</a> (<a href="/wiki/Baptist_World_Alliance" title="Baptist World Alliance">Baptist World Alliance</a>); and the <a href="/wiki/Assemblies_of_God" title="Assemblies of God">Assemblies of God</a>.<a href="#cite_note-102">[100]</a> The Jehovah’s Witnesses and LDS churches both have a few chapels and growing base of members. There are also several large mosques to serve the local Muslim community. Synagogues here are noticeably absent. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusaka&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lusaka_National_Museum.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cc/Lusaka_National_Museum.JPG/220px-Lusaka_National_Museum.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cc/Lusaka_National_Museum.JPG/330px-Lusaka_National_Museum.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/cc/Lusaka_National_Museum.JPG/440px-Lusaka_National_Museum.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Lusaka National Museum</figcaption></figure> Attractions include <a href="/wiki/Lusaka_National_Museum" title="Lusaka National Museum">Lusaka National Museum</a>, the Oliver Tambo Heritage House,<a href="#cite_note-103">[101]</a> the Zintu Community Museum, the Freedom Statue, the Zambian National Assembly, the Agricultural Society Showgrounds (known for their annual agricultural show), the Moore Pottery Factory, the Lusaka Playhouse <a href="/wiki/Theatre" title="Theatre">theatre</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Cenotaph" title="Cenotaph">cenotaph</a>, Lusaka Golf Club, <a href="/wiki/National_Heroes_Stadium" title="National Heroes Stadium">National Heroes Stadium</a>, Woodlands Stadium, the Lusaka Central Sports Club, Kalimba Reptile Park, Mulungushi Conference Centre, Monkey Pools and the <a href="/wiki/Zoo" title="Zoo">zoo</a>, Pazuri and <a href="/wiki/Botanical_gardens" class="mw-redirect" title="Botanical gardens">botanical gardens</a> of the Munda Wanga Environmental Park. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusaka&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> Lusaka is the <a href="/wiki/Financial_centre" title="Financial centre">economic and financial hub</a> of Zambia, serving as the country's main gateway to the rest of the world and largest business centre.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_Nations201119-104">[102]</a> Although district-level GDP figures are not recorded in Zambia, on a provincial level Lusaka Province had the second-highest <a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">gross domestic product</a> in Zambia in 2014, contributing 27.2 per cent of the national output, a figure narrowly below that of the resource-rich Copperbelt Province.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECentral_Statistical_Office20178-105">[103]</a> In contrast to Zambia as a whole, in which agriculture and mining are the largest contributors, Lusaka's economy is dominated by the <a href="/wiki/Service_sector" class="mw-redirect" title="Service sector">service sector</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Domestic_trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic trade">wholesale and retail trade</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMulenga20165-106">[104]</a> Major employment areas in the city include finance, insurance, real estate, transport, communications, energy, construction and manufacturing.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMulenga20165-106">[104]</a> The headquarters of <a href="/wiki/List_of_banks_in_Zambia" title="List of banks in Zambia">Zambian banks</a> are located in the city, as is the <a href="/wiki/Lusaka_Stock_Exchange" title="Lusaka Stock Exchange">Lusaka Stock Exchange</a>, which launched in 1993.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEUnited_Nations201119-104">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Retail">Retail</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusaka&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Retail">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_shopping_centres_in_Zambia" title="List of shopping centres in Zambia">List of shopping centres in Zambia</a></div> Lusaka is home to the largest and most numerous shopping centres in the country, including <a href="/wiki/List_of_shopping_centres_in_Zambia" title="List of shopping centres in Zambia">Manda Hill, Levy Junction, EastPark, Cosmopolitan</a>, and the smaller but well-known Arcade Shopping Centre. It also has newly built shopping malls such as Lewanika shopping mall, Centro mall, Novare Pinnacle malls in Woodlands and along the Great North Road. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusaka&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Transport">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lusaka_International_Airport.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Lusaka_International_Airport.jpg/220px-Lusaka_International_Airport.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Lusaka_International_Airport.jpg/330px-Lusaka_International_Airport.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Lusaka_International_Airport.jpg/440px-Lusaka_International_Airport.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1528" data-file-height="648" /></a><figcaption>Kenneth Kaunda International Airport, main terminal</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lusaka_Intercity_Bus_stand.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Lusaka Intercity Bus Station" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Lusaka_Intercity_Bus_stand.jpg/220px-Lusaka_Intercity_Bus_stand.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Lusaka_Intercity_Bus_stand.jpg/330px-Lusaka_Intercity_Bus_stand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Lusaka_Intercity_Bus_stand.jpg/440px-Lusaka_Intercity_Bus_stand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="2322" /></a><figcaption>Lusaka Intercity Bus Station</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Public_transport-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Public_transport-01.jpg/220px-Public_transport-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Public_transport-01.jpg/330px-Public_transport-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Public_transport-01.jpg/440px-Public_transport-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3058" data-file-height="3549" /></a><figcaption>Pedestrian getting on minibus at the local bus stop in Lusaka</figcaption></figure> Lusaka is home to <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Kaunda_International_Airport" title="Kenneth Kaunda International Airport">Kenneth Kaunda International Airport</a> (which is used for both civil and <a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">military</a> operations). There is also <a href="/wiki/Lusaka_City_Airport" title="Lusaka City Airport">Lusaka City Airport</a>, which is used by the <a href="/wiki/Zambian_Air_Force" title="Zambian Air Force">Zambian Air Force</a>. The city is served by the operating sections of the <a href="/wiki/Cape_to_Cairo_Railway" title="Cape to Cairo Railway">Cape to Cairo Railway</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zambia_Railways" title="Zambia Railways">Zambia Railways</a>), which connects it to <a href="/wiki/Kabwe" title="Kabwe">Kabwe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ndola" title="Ndola">Ndola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kitwe" title="Kitwe">Kitwe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lubumbashi" title="Lubumbashi">Lubumbashi</a> in the north and <a href="/wiki/Mazabuka" title="Mazabuka">Mazabuka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Choma,_Zambia" title="Choma, Zambia">Choma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Livingstone,_Zambia" title="Livingstone, Zambia">Livingstone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bulawayo" title="Bulawayo">Bulawayo</a> in the south. The international airport is connected to the railway line. The city is crossed by <a href="/wiki/Beira%E2%80%93Lobito_Highway" title="Beira–Lobito Highway">Trans-African Highway 9</a> (TAH 9), which connects it to the cities of <a href="/wiki/Harare" title="Harare">Harare</a> and Lubumbashi, and by <a href="/wiki/Cape_to_Cairo_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape to Cairo Road">Trans-African Highway 4</a> (TAH 4), which connects it to <a href="/wiki/Dodoma" title="Dodoma">Dodoma</a> and Bulawayo. Lusaka's city centre is at the crossroads of three major routes, namely the <a href="/wiki/Great_North_Road,_Zambia" title="Great North Road, Zambia">Great North Road</a> (<a href="/wiki/T2_Road_(Zambia)" class="mw-redirect" title="T2 Road (Zambia)">T2</a>), <a href="/wiki/Great_East_Road" title="Great East Road">Great East Road</a> (T4) and <a href="/wiki/Lusaka%E2%80%93Mongu_Road" title="Lusaka–Mongu Road">Mongu Road</a> (M9).<a href="#cite_note-:1-107">[105]</a> The Great North Road connects north to <a href="/wiki/Kabwe" title="Kabwe">Kabwe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mpika" title="Mpika">Mpika</a> and the republic of <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a> (with branches linking to <a href="/wiki/Ndola" title="Ndola">Ndola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kitwe" title="Kitwe">Kitwe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">DR Congo</a>) and south to <a href="/wiki/Choma,_Zambia" title="Choma, Zambia">Choma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Livingstone,_Zambia" title="Livingstone, Zambia">Livingstone</a> and the republic of <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:1-107">[105]</a> The Great East Road connects east to <a href="/wiki/Katete" title="Katete">Katete</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chipata" title="Chipata">Chipata</a> and the republic of <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a> (with a branch road linking to the republic of <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a>). The Mongu Road connects west to <a href="/wiki/Kaoma,_Zambia" title="Kaoma, Zambia">Kaoma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mongu" title="Mongu">Mongu</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-107">[105]</a> (and could possibly become the main route to <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a> via the <a href="/wiki/Barotse_Floodplain_Causeway" class="mw-redirect" title="Barotse Floodplain Causeway">Barotse Floodplain Causeway</a>). Intracity public transport is provided primarily by minibuses, but also includes larger buses and shared taxis on fixed routes.<a href="#cite_note-108">[106]</a> Vehicles on most routes travel between specific parts of the city and the four terminals in the central business district (referred to as "Town"): Kulima Tower, City Market, Millennium and Lumumba.<a href="#cite_note-109">[107]</a> There is no official map of public transport routes in Lusaka, but an initiative to create a user-generated content map was begun in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-110">[108]</a> All public transport vehicles in Lusaka are operated by private operators. Bus services within Lusaka neighbourhoods, the CBD, and towns surrounding Lusaka, such as <a href="/wiki/Siavonga" title="Siavonga">Siavonga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chirundu,_Zambia" title="Chirundu, Zambia">Chirundu</a>, use the Lusaka City Market Bus station, Inter-city Bus Terminus, Millennium Bus Station, and Kulima Tower Station. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Healthcare">Healthcare</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusaka&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Healthcare">edit</a>]</div> Zambia has five national tertiary hospitals, of which two are located in Lusaka.<a href="#cite_note-MappingHealthLinks-111">[109]</a> The larger of these is the <a href="/wiki/University_Teaching_Hospital" title="University Teaching Hospital">University Teaching Hospital</a> (UTH), which has 1655 beds and space for 250 babies.<a href="#cite_note-baus_Zamb-112">[110]</a> UTH serves as the highest-level hospital for a population of around 2 million people, as well as taking referrals from other health institutions around the country.<a href="#cite_note-113">[111]</a> It serves as Zambia's principal centre for the training of medical professionals including doctors and nurses, the latter in a specialist Nursing School within the UTH complex.<a href="#cite_note-baus_Zamb-112">[110]</a> Lusaka's second tertiary hospital is the Chainama Hills,<a href="#cite_note-MappingHealthLinks-111">[109]</a> which has 210 authorised beds and 167 unofficial "floor beds", is Zambia's only psychiatric hospital.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMwapeSikweseKapungweMwanza20102-114">[112]</a> The Chainama Hills site also serves as the training centre for clinical officers in Zambia.<a href="#cite_note-baus_Zamb-112">[110]</a> Overall, Lusaka had a total of 34 health centres run by the government in 2007, as well as 134 run by the private sector.<a href="#cite_note-UN2007-115">[113]</a> The government has sought to decentralise provision from the Ministry of Health and Lusaka's day-to-day healthcare is provided by the provincial-level Lusaka District Health Management Team and the citywide Lusaka District Health Management Team.<a href="#cite_note-UN2007-115">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMandyataOlowskiMutale20173-116">[114]</a> The priorities for the district, which in 2007 accounted for 90 per cent of the city's health cases, include <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reproductive_health" class="mw-redirect" title="Reproductive health">reproductive health</a>, <a href="/wiki/Child_health" class="mw-redirect" title="Child health">child health</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leprosy" title="Leprosy">leprosy</a>, <a href="/wiki/HIV" title="HIV">HIV</a> and other sexually-transmitted diseases, <a href="/wiki/Environmental_health" title="Environmental health">environmental health</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mental_health" title="Mental health">mental health</a>, and medicine supply.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMandyataOlowskiMutale20174-117">[115]</a> The Zambian government has a long-term aim of providing <a href="/wiki/Universal_health_care" title="Universal health care">universal health care</a> (UHC) for all Zambians. As of 2017, it had notionally achieved free primary health provision for all, but availability was often limited due to capacity constraints. To address this, the ministry of health partnered with JICA to on a project to take the necessary steps to achieve genuine UHC.<a href="#cite_note-idsi_Univ-118">[116]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusaka&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Sport">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Heroes_Stadium_23.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/13/National_Heroes_Stadium_23.jpg/220px-National_Heroes_Stadium_23.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/13/National_Heroes_Stadium_23.jpg/330px-National_Heroes_Stadium_23.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/13/National_Heroes_Stadium_23.jpg/440px-National_Heroes_Stadium_23.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/National_Heroes_Stadium" title="National Heroes Stadium">National Heroes Stadium</a></figcaption></figure> The largest sports venue in Lusaka is <a href="/wiki/National_Heroes_Stadium" title="National Heroes Stadium">National Heroes Stadium</a>, which was built with assistance and financing from China. Named in honour of those who died in the <a href="/wiki/1993_Zambia_national_football_team_plane_crash" title="1993 Zambia national football team plane crash">1993 Zambia national football team plane crash</a>,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMuchimba2015213-119">[117]</a> it opened in 2014 and has a capacity of 60,000.<a href="#cite_note-120">[118]</a> The stadium is used to host home matches of the <a href="/wiki/Zambian_national_football_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Zambian national football team">Zambian national football team</a>,<a href="#cite_note-zamb_Nati-121">[119]</a> and was one of two host stadia for the <a href="/wiki/2017_Africa_U-20_Cup_of_Nations" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Africa U-20 Cup of Nations">2017 Africa U-20 Cup of Nations</a> in Zambia, alongside the <a href="/wiki/Levy_Mwanawasa_Stadium" title="Levy Mwanawasa Stadium">Levy Mwanawasa Stadium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ndola" title="Ndola">Ndola</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bbc._Zamb-122">[120]</a> That tournament was won by Zambia at the National Heroes Stadium, with a 2–0 win against <a href="/wiki/Senegal_national_football_team" title="Senegal national football team">Senegal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-123">[121]</a> The stadium is also used for athletics events, including the 2021 All Comers Tournament, which served as a qualification event for the <a href="/wiki/2020_Summer_Olympics" title="2020 Summer Olympics">2020 Summer Olympics</a> in Tokyo.<a href="#cite_note-124">[122]</a> As of 2021, six of the eighteen teams in the association football <a href="/wiki/Zambia_Super_League" title="Zambia Super League">Zambia Super League</a> are based in Lusaka.<a href="#cite_note-125">[123]</a> The city's most successful club is <a href="/wiki/Zanaco_F.C." title="Zanaco F.C.">Zanaco F.C.</a>, which has won seven national titles, the most recent <a href="/wiki/2016_Zambian_Super_League" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Zambian Super League">in 2016</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ZamChamps-126">[124]</a> Zanaco were founded in 1978 as the team of the <a href="/wiki/Zambia_National_Commercial_Bank" title="Zambia National Commercial Bank">Zambia National Commercial Bank</a>, and have played in the top division since 1989.<a href="#cite_note-zana_ZANA-127">[125]</a> <a href="/wiki/Green_Buffaloes_F.C." title="Green Buffaloes F.C.">Green Buffaloes</a> are another successful team in Lusaka, with six titles, although the most recent was in 1981.<a href="#cite_note-ZamChamps-126">[124]</a> In addition to the National Heroes stadium, Lusaka's football teams play home games at the Nkoloma Stadium, <a href="/wiki/Sunset_Stadium" title="Sunset Stadium">Sunset Stadium</a> and Woodlands Stadium.<a href="#cite_note-128">[126]</a> Lusaka is home to the <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a> team <a href="/wiki/UNZA_Pacers" title="UNZA Pacers">UNZA Pacers</a>, which is part of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Zambia" title="University of Zambia">University of Zambia</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_and_sister_cities">Twin towns and sister cities</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusaka&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Twin towns and sister cities">edit</a>]</div> Lusaka is <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twinned</a> with: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan"><img alt="Tajikistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Tajikistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dushanbe" title="Dushanbe">Dushanbe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a>, since 1966</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon"><img alt="Lebanon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/23px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/35px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Flag_of_Lebanon.svg/45px-Flag_of_Lebanon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, (2018)</li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Udon_Thani" title="Udon Thani">Udon Thani</a>, Thailand, (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, since 1968</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Izhevsk" title="Izhevsk">Izhevsk</a>, Russia</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusaka&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Notable people">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby</a> union players <a href="/wiki/Corn%C3%A9_Krige" title="Corné Krige">Corné Krige</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Gregan" title="George Gregan">George Gregan</a>, who respectively captained the <a href="/wiki/South_Africa_national_rugby_union_team" title="South Africa national rugby union team">South African</a> and <a href="/wiki/Australia_national_rugby_union_team" title="Australia national rugby union team">Australian</a> teams in both the <a href="/wiki/2002_Tri_Nations_Series" title="2002 Tri Nations Series">2002</a> and <a href="/wiki/2002_Tri_Nations_Series" title="2002 Tri Nations Series">2003</a> <a href="/wiki/Tri_Nations_Series" class="mw-redirect" title="Tri Nations Series">Tri Nations Series</a>, were coincidentally born in the same hospital in Lusaka.<a href="#cite_note-129">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-Courageous-130">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-SA_World_Cup_2003-131">[129]</a></li> <li>The former <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe_national_cricket_team" title="Zimbabwe national cricket team">Zimbabwe</a> <a href="/wiki/Cricketer" class="mw-redirect" title="Cricketer">cricketer</a> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Olonga" title="Henry Olonga">Henry Olonga</a> was also born in Lusaka. He was the first black cricketer – and the youngest person – to play for Zimbabwe.<a href="#cite_note-132">[130]</a></li> <li>Lusaka is the hometown and place of residence of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_and_Luka_Banda" title="Joseph and Luka Banda">Joseph and Luka Banda</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Conjoined_twins" title="Conjoined twins">conjoined twins</a> to be successfully separated by <a href="/wiki/Ben_Carson" title="Ben Carson">Ben Carson</a> and his team.<a href="#cite_note-Terris13Nov-133">[131]</a></li> <li>Former professional <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">footballer</a> <a href="/wiki/Enock_Mwepu" title="Enock Mwepu">Enock Mwepu</a> was born in Lusaka.</li> <li>Zambian model <a href="/wiki/Lukundo_Nalungwe" title="Lukundo Nalungwe">Lukundo Nalungwe</a> grew up in Lusaka.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilufya_Tayali" title="Chilufya Tayali">Chilufya Tayali</a>, Zambian politician based in Lusaka</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaughan_Gething" title="Vaughan Gething">Vaughan Gething</a>, <a href="/wiki/First_Minister_of_Wales" title="First Minister of Wales">First Minister of Wales</a>, the first black person to lead a European country, was born in Lusaka.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusaka&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/32px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/48px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Zambia.svg/64px-Flag_of_Zambia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Zambia" title="Portal:Zambia">Zambia portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/28px-COL-city_icon.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/42px-COL-city_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/COL-city_icon.png/56px-COL-city_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cities" title="Portal:Cities">Cities portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa_Freedom_Trail" title="Southern Africa Freedom Trail">Southern Africa Freedom Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafue_Railway_Bridge" title="Kafue Railway Bridge">Kafue Railway Bridge</a> (railway bridge from <a href="/wiki/Livingstone,_Zambia" title="Livingstone, Zambia">Livingstone</a> to Lusaka)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komboni" title="Komboni">Komboni</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusaka&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> The four of the tallest five buildings located on Cairo Road are Findeco House,<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> Society House,<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> Indeco House,<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a> and ZANACO House.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> Population in 2000 was 1,084,703.<a href="#cite_note-93">[92]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusaka&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a 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no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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Taylor & Francis, Ltd. on behalf of the Canadian Association of African Studies: 347–359. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F484302">10.2307/484302</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/484302">484302</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+African+Studies&rft.atitle=Notes+towards+a+Financial+History+of+Copper+Mining+in+Northern+Rhodesia&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=347-359&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F484302&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F484302%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Andrew+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F484302&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALusaka" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_Nations2011" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unctad.org/system/files/official-document/diaepcb201008_en.pdf">"An Investment Guide to Zambia: Opportunities and Conditions"</a> (PDF). 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Habitat International. 46: 260–270. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.habitatint.2014.10.005">10.1016/j.habitatint.2014.10.005</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Habitat+International&rft.atitle=Urban+visions+from+Lusaka%2C+Zambia&rft.volume=46&rft.pages=260-270&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.habitatint.2014.10.005&rft.aulast=Wragg&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft.au=Lim%2C+Regina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALusaka" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lusaka&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px 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countries</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territories</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">states with limited recognition</a> are in italics</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 27em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abuja" title="Abuja">Abuja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accra" title="Accra">Accra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antananarivo" title="Antananarivo">Antananarivo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asmara" title="Asmara">Asmara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamako" title="Bamako">Bamako</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangui" title="Bangui">Bangui</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banjul" title="Banjul">Banjul</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bissau" title="Bissau">Bissau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazzaville" title="Brazzaville">Brazzaville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Rep. of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conakry" title="Conakry">Conakry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakar" title="Dakar">Dakar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Djibouti (city)">Djibouti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodoma" title="Dodoma">Dodoma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laayoune" title="Laayoune">El Aaiún</a> (claimed)/<a href="/wiki/Tifariti" title="Tifariti">Tifariti</a> (factual), <a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freetown" title="Freetown">Freetown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaborone" title="Gaborone">Gaborone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gitega" title="Gitega">Gitega</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harare" title="Harare">Harare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hargeisa" title="Hargeisa">Hargeisa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamestown,_Saint_Helena" title="Jamestown, Saint Helena">Jamestown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juba" title="Juba">Juba</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampala" title="Kampala">Kampala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khartoum" title="Khartoum">Khartoum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kigali" title="Kigali">Kigali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinshasa" title="Kinshasa">Kinshasa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">D.R. Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libreville" title="Libreville">Libreville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilongwe" title="Lilongwe">Lilongwe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lom%C3%A9" title="Lomé">Lomé</a>, <a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luanda" title="Luanda">Luanda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lusaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malabo" title="Malabo">Malabo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maputo" title="Maputo">Maputo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maseru" title="Maseru">Maseru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mbabane" title="Mbabane">Mbabane</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ngwenyama" title="Ngwenyama">executive</a>)  </li><li><a href="/wiki/Lobamba" title="Lobamba">Lobamba</a> (<a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Eswatini" title="Parliament of Eswatini">legislative</a>), <a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogadishu" title="Mogadishu">Mogadishu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monrovia" title="Monrovia">Monrovia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroni,_Comoros" title="Moroni, Comoros">Moroni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nairobi" title="Nairobi">Nairobi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%27Djamena" title="N'Djamena">N'Djamena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niamey" title="Niamey">Niamey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouakchott" title="Nouakchott">Nouakchott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouagadougou" title="Ouagadougou">Ouagadougou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Louis" title="Port Louis">Port Louis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porto-Novo" title="Porto-Novo">Porto-Novo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Praia" title="Praia">Praia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pretoria" title="Pretoria">Pretoria</a> (<a href="/wiki/President_of_South_Africa" title="President of South Africa">executive</a>)  </li><li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a> (<a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_South_Africa" title="Parliament of South Africa">legislative</a>)  </li><li><a href="/wiki/Bloemfontein" title="Bloemfontein">Bloemfontein</a> (<a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Appeal_(South_Africa)" title="Supreme Court of Appeal (South Africa)">judicial</a>), <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabat" title="Rabat">Rabat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9" title="São Tomé">São Tomé</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a>, <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunis" title="Tunis">Tunis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Seychelles" title="Victoria, Seychelles">Victoria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windhoek" title="Windhoek">Windhoek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yamoussoukro" title="Yamoussoukro">Yamoussoukro</a> (political)  </li><li><a href="/wiki/Abidjan" title="Abidjan">Abidjan</a> (economic), <a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li></ul></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaound%C3%A9" title="Yaoundé">Yaoundé</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>1 <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">An unrecognised or partially-recognised nation</a></li> <li>2 <a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Largest_cities_or_towns_in_ZambiaAccording_to_the_2010_Census&#91;http&#58;//citypopulation.de/Zambia-Cities.html&#93;" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Largest_cities_of_Zambia" title="Template:Largest cities of Zambia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Largest_cities_of_Zambia" title="Template talk:Largest cities of Zambia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Largest_cities_of_Zambia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Largest cities of Zambia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Largest_cities_or_towns_in_ZambiaAccording_to_the_2010_Census&#91;http&#58;//citypopulation.de/Zambia-Cities.html&#93;" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Largest cities or towns in Zambia <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;font-size:90%;">According to the 2010 Census<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://citypopulation.de/Zambia-Cities.html">[1]</a></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%" class="wraplinks"> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th>Rank </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Zambia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Zambia">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Zambia" title="Provinces of Zambia">Province</a> </th> <th>Pop. </th> <th>Rank </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Zambia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Zambia">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Zambia" title="Provinces of Zambia">Province</a> </th> <th>Pop.</th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Kafue_round_about.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lusaka"><img alt="Lusaka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Kafue_round_about.jpg/120px-Kafue_round_about.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Kafue_round_about.jpg/180px-Kafue_round_about.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Kafue_round_about.jpg/240px-Kafue_round_about.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3987" data-file-height="2989" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lusaka</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Kitwe.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kitwe"><img alt="Kitwe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Kitwe.jpg/120px-Kitwe.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Kitwe.jpg/180px-Kitwe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Kitwe.jpg/240px-Kitwe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1538" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kitwe" title="Kitwe">Kitwe</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lusaka</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Lusaka_Province" title="Lusaka Province">Lusaka</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,747,152</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">11</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Solwezi" title="Solwezi">Solwezi</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/North-Western_Province,_Zambia" title="North-Western Province, Zambia">North-Western</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">90,856 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Ndola_view_-_Flickr.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ndola"><img alt="Ndola" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Ndola_view_-_Flickr.jpg/120px-Ndola_view_-_Flickr.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Ndola_view_-_Flickr.jpg/180px-Ndola_view_-_Flickr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Ndola_view_-_Flickr.jpg/240px-Ndola_view_-_Flickr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3840" data-file-height="2160" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ndola" title="Ndola">Ndola</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Grand_S%C3%A9minaire_de_Kabwe.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kabwe"><img alt="Kabwe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Grand_S%C3%A9minaire_de_Kabwe.jpg/120px-Grand_S%C3%A9minaire_de_Kabwe.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Grand_S%C3%A9minaire_de_Kabwe.jpg/180px-Grand_S%C3%A9minaire_de_Kabwe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Grand_S%C3%A9minaire_de_Kabwe.jpg/240px-Grand_S%C3%A9minaire_de_Kabwe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Kabwe" title="Kabwe">Kabwe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kitwe" title="Kitwe">Kitwe</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Copperbelt_Province" title="Copperbelt Province">Copperbelt</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">501,360</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">12</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mansa,_Zambia" title="Mansa, Zambia">Mansa</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Luapula_Province" title="Luapula Province">Luapula</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">78,153 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ndola" title="Ndola">Ndola</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Copperbelt_Province" title="Copperbelt Province">Copperbelt</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">451,246</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">13</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Chililabombwe" title="Chililabombwe">Chililabombwe</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Copperbelt_Province" title="Copperbelt Province">Copperbelt</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">77,818 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kabwe" title="Kabwe">Kabwe</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Province,_Zambia" title="Central Province, Zambia">Central</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">202,360</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">14</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mazabuka" title="Mazabuka">Mazabuka</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Province,_Zambia" title="Southern Province, Zambia">Southern</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">71,700 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Chingola" title="Chingola">Chingola</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Copperbelt_Province" title="Copperbelt Province">Copperbelt</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">185,246</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">15</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kafue" title="Kafue">Kafue</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Lusaka_Province" title="Lusaka Province">Lusaka</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">71,573 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mufulira" title="Mufulira">Mufulira</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Copperbelt_Province" title="Copperbelt Province">Copperbelt</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">151,309</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">16</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kalulushi" title="Kalulushi">Kalulushi</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Copperbelt_Province" title="Copperbelt Province">Copperbelt</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">51,863 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Livingstone,_Zambia" title="Livingstone, Zambia">Livingstone</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Province,_Zambia" title="Southern Province, Zambia">Southern</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">134,349</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">17</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Choma,_Zambia" title="Choma, Zambia">Choma</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Province,_Zambia" title="Southern Province, Zambia">Southern</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">51,842 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Luanshya" title="Luanshya">Luanshya</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Copperbelt_Province" title="Copperbelt Province">Copperbelt</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">130,076</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">18</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mongu" title="Mongu">Mongu</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Western_Province,_Zambia" title="Western Province, Zambia">Western</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">49,818 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Chipata" title="Chipata">Chipata</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Province,_Zambia" title="Eastern Province, Zambia">Eastern</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">116,627</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">19</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kapiri_Mposhi" title="Kapiri Mposhi">Kapiri Mposhi</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Central_Province,_Zambia" title="Central Province, Zambia">Central</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">44,783 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Kasama,_Zambia" title="Kasama, Zambia">Kasama</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Province,_Zambia" title="Northern Province, Zambia">Northern</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">101,845</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">20</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Nakonde" title="Nakonde">Nakonde</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Muchinga_Province" title="Muchinga Province">Muchinga</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">41,836 </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3881#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3881#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3881#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/151258315">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1205728/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJfRyp8KcwpgGv6cPbwQv3">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4036697-2">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79075575">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb151948916">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb151948916">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge590536&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/gdsvtms00lkhzzh">Sweden</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007547818205171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/5e8510c6-9337-4264-93e7-4ce29e8fcc4b">MusicBrainz 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