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<span>Toggle Early life, family, and early education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Early_life,_family,_and_early_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_life_and_family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_life_and_family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early life and family</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_life_and_family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Early education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Time_in_the_Netherlands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Time_in_the_Netherlands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Time in the Netherlands</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Time_in_the_Netherlands-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Time in the Netherlands subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Time_in_the_Netherlands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Later_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Later education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Struggle_for_independence_in_the_Netherlands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Struggle_for_independence_in_the_Netherlands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Struggle for independence in the Netherlands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Struggle_for_independence_in_the_Netherlands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Return_to_Indonesia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Return_to_Indonesia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Return to Indonesia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Return_to_Indonesia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Return to Indonesia subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Return_to_Indonesia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Struggle_in_the_Dutch_East_Indies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Struggle_in_the_Dutch_East_Indies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Struggle in the Dutch East Indies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Struggle_in_the_Dutch_East_Indies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-The_Indonesian_National_Party" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Indonesian_National_Party"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>The Indonesian National Party</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Indonesian_National_Party-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arrest_and_exile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arrest_and_exile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Arrest and exile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arrest_and_exile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japanese_occupation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japanese_occupation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Japanese occupation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japanese_occupation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Japanese_invasion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japanese_invasion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Japanese invasion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japanese_invasion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collaboration_with_the_Japanese" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collaboration_with_the_Japanese"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Collaboration with the Japanese</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collaboration_with_the_Japanese-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Proclamation_of_independence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proclamation_of_independence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Proclamation of independence</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Proclamation_of_independence-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Proclamation of independence subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Proclamation_of_independence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Japanese_surrender" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japanese_surrender"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Japanese surrender</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japanese_surrender-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kidnapping_and_proclamation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kidnapping_and_proclamation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Kidnapping and proclamation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kidnapping_and_proclamation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Election_as_vice_president" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Election_as_vice_president"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Election as vice president</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Election_as_vice_president-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_revolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_revolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>National revolution</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-National_revolution-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle National revolution subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-National_revolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_revolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_revolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Early revolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_revolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Prime_ministership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prime_ministership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Prime ministership</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prime_ministership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vice_presidency_(1945–1956)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vice_presidency_(1945–1956)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Vice presidency (1945–1956)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vice_presidency_(1945–1956)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Vice presidency (1945–1956) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vice_presidency_(1945–1956)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Intellectual_pursuits_and_cooperatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intellectual_pursuits_and_cooperatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Intellectual pursuits and cooperatives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intellectual_pursuits_and_cooperatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Setting_Indonesia's_foreign_policy_doctrine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Setting_Indonesia's_foreign_policy_doctrine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Setting Indonesia's foreign policy doctrine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Setting_Indonesia's_foreign_policy_doctrine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retirement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retirement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Retirement</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retirement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Announcement_and_cause" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Announcement_and_cause"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.1</span> <span>Announcement and cause</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Announcement_and_cause-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3.2</span> <span>Aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-vice_presidency" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-vice_presidency"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Post-vice presidency</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Post-vice_presidency-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Post-vice presidency subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Post-vice_presidency-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Government_critic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_critic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Government critic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government_critic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_New_Order" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_New_Order"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>The New Order</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_New_Order-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transition_to_the_New_Order" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transition_to_the_New_Order"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.1</span> <span>Transition to the New Order</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transition_to_the_New_Order-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corruption_investigation_commission" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corruption_investigation_commission"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.2</span> <span>Corruption investigation commission</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Corruption_investigation_commission-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Institute_for_Constitutional_Awareness_Foundation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Institute_for_Constitutional_Awareness_Foundation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.3</span> <span>Institute for Constitutional Awareness Foundation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Institute_for_Constitutional_Awareness_Foundation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Personal life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Awards and honours</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Awards_and_honours-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Awards and honours subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1.1</span> <span>National honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_honours" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_honours"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1.2</span> <span>Foreign honours</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_honours-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mohammad Hatta</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 38 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-38" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">38 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="محمد حاتا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="محمد حاتا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Hatta" title="Muhammad Hatta – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Muhammad Hatta" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C9%99h%C9%99mm%C9%99d_Hatta" title="Məhəmməd Hatta – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Məhəmməd Hatta" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Hatta" title="Mohammad Hatta – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Mohammad Hatta" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A6_%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="মোহাম্মদ হাত্তা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মোহাম্মদ হাত্তা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Hatta" title="Mohammad Hatta – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Mohammad Hatta" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Hatta" title="Mohammad Hatta – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mohammad Hatta" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Hatta" title="Muhammad Hatta – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Muhammad Hatta" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Hatta" title="Mohammad Hatta – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mohammad Hatta" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="محمد حتا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="محمد حتا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Hatta" title="Mohammad Hatta – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mohammad Hatta" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Hatta" title="Mohammad Hatta – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Mohammad Hatta" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%ED%95%98%EB%A7%9B_%ED%95%98%ED%83%80" title="모하맛 하타 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="모하맛 하타" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Hatta" title="Mohammad Hatta – Gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Mohammad Hatta" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="Gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Hatta" title="Mohammad Hatta – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mohammad Hatta" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Hatta" title="Mohammad Hatta – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Mohammad Hatta" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%98%D7%94" title="מוחמד האטה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מוחמד האטה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Hatta" title="Mohammad Hatta – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Mohammad Hatta" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Hatta" title="Mohammad Hatta – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Mohammad Hatta" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Hatta" title="Mohammad Hatta – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Mohammad Hatta" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="محمد حاتا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="محمد حاتا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="محمد هاتا – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="محمد هاتا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Hatta" title="Mohammad Hatta – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Mohammad Hatta" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Hatta" title="Mohammad Hatta – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Mohammad Hatta" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Hatta" title="Mohammed Hatta – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mohammed Hatta" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A2%E3%83%8F%E3%83%9E%E3%83%83%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8F%E3%83%83%E3%82%BF" title="モハマッド・ハッタ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="モハマッド・ハッタ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Hatta" title="Mohammad Hatta – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Mohammad Hatta" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Hatta" title="Mohammad Hatta – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Mohammad Hatta" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0,_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Хатта, Мохаммад – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хатта, Мохаммад" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Hatta" title="Mohammad Hatta – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mohammad Hatta" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Hatta" title="Mohammad Hatta – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Mohammad Hatta" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed_Hatta" title="Muhammed Hatta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Muhammed Hatta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Hatta" title="Mohammad Hatta – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Mohammad Hatta" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%94_%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2" title="โมฮัมมัด ฮัตตา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โมฮัมมัด ฮัตตา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Мохаммад Хатта – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Мохаммад Хатта" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Hatta" title="Mohammad Hatta – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mohammad Hatta" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Hatta" title="Mohammad Hatta – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Mohammad Hatta" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E7%BD%95%E9%BB%98%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%93%88%E8%BE%BE" title="穆罕默德·哈达 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="穆罕默德·哈达" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid 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role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Mohammad_Hatta" title="Special:EditPage/Mohammad Hatta">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Mohammad+Hatta%22">"Mohammad Hatta"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Mohammad+Hatta%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Mohammad+Hatta%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Mohammad+Hatta%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Mohammad+Hatta%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Mohammad+Hatta%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Vice President of Indonesia from 1945 to 1956</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Mohammad Hatta</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Mohammad_Hatta,_Pekan_Buku_Indonesia_1954,_p242.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Mohammad_Hatta%2C_Pekan_Buku_Indonesia_1954%2C_p242.jpg/220px-Mohammad_Hatta%2C_Pekan_Buku_Indonesia_1954%2C_p242.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="323" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Mohammad_Hatta%2C_Pekan_Buku_Indonesia_1954%2C_p242.jpg/330px-Mohammad_Hatta%2C_Pekan_Buku_Indonesia_1954%2C_p242.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Mohammad_Hatta%2C_Pekan_Buku_Indonesia_1954%2C_p242.jpg/440px-Mohammad_Hatta%2C_Pekan_Buku_Indonesia_1954%2C_p242.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1304" data-file-height="1915" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Official portrait, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1954</span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">1st <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Indonesia" title="Vice President of Indonesia">Vice President of Indonesia</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />18 August 1945 – 1 December 1956</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sukarno" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Office established</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hamengkubuwono_IX" title="Hamengkubuwono IX">Hamengkubuwono IX</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">3rd <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Indonesia" title="Prime Minister of Indonesia">Prime Minister of Indonesia</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />29 January 1948 – 20 December 1949</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data">Sukarno</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Indonesia" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Indonesia">Deputy</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sjafruddin_Prawiranegara" title="Sjafruddin Prawiranegara">Sjafruddin Prawiranegara</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Amir_Sjarifuddin" title="Amir Sjarifuddin">Amir Sjarifuddin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Susanto_Tirtoprodjo" title="Susanto Tirtoprodjo">Susanto Tirtoprodjo</a> (acting)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Halim_(Indonesia)" title="Abdul Halim (Indonesia)">Abdul Halim</a></li></ul></div></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Indonesia" title="Prime Minister of Indonesia">Prime Minister of United<br />States of Indonesia</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />20 December 1949 – 6 September 1950</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data">Sukarno</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Office established</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Natsir" title="Mohammad Natsir">Mohammad Natsir</a> (as Prime Minister of Indonesia)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defense_(Indonesia)" title="Ministry of Defense (Indonesia)">Minister of Defense of Indonesia</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><b>Acting</b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />29 January 1948 – 15 July 1948</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data">Sukarno</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Amir Sjarifuddin</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Hamengkubuwono IX</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Indonesia)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Indonesia)">Minister of Foreign Affairs of United<br />States of Indonesia</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />20 December 1949 – 6 September 1950</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data">Sukarno</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agus_Salim" title="Agus Salim">Agus Salim</a></li><li>Hamengkubuwono IX (acting)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Roem" title="Mohammad Roem">Mohammad Roem</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">1st <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Red_Cross_Society" title="Indonesian Red Cross Society">Chairman of the Indonesian<br />Red Cross Society</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1945–1946</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Office established</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Soetardjo_Kartohadikusumo" title="Soetardjo Kartohadikusumo">Soetardjo Kartohadikusumo</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Mohammad Athar</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1902-08-12</span>)</span>12 August 1902<br /><a href="/wiki/Bukittinggi" title="Bukittinggi">Fort de Kock</a>, Westkust van Sumatra, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">14 March 1980<span style="display:none">(1980-03-14)</span> (aged 77)<br /><a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>, Indonesia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanah_Kusir_Cemetery&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanah Kusir Cemetery (page does not exist)">Tanah Kusir Cemetery</a><span class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taman_Pemakaman_Umum_Tanah_Kusir" class="extiw" title="id:Taman Pemakaman Umum Tanah Kusir">id</a>]</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political<br />affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Party" title="Indonesian National Party">PNI</a> (until 1929)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siti_Rahmiati_Hatta" class="extiw" title="id:Siti Rahmiati Hatta">Rahmi Rachim</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="18 November 1945">1945</span>)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relations</th><td class="infobox-data">Gustika Fardani Jusuf (granddaughter)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">3, including <a href="/wiki/Meutia_Hatta" class="mw-redirect" title="Meutia Hatta">Meutia Hatta</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_Economische_Hogeschool" class="mw-redirect" title="Nederlandse Economische Hogeschool">Nederlandse Economische Hogeschool</a> (<a href="/wiki/Doctorandus" title="Doctorandus">Drs.</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Politician</li><li>economist</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Signature_of_Mohammad_Hatta.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Mohammad Hatta's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Signature_of_Mohammad_Hatta.png/128px-Signature_of_Mohammad_Hatta.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Signature_of_Mohammad_Hatta.png/192px-Signature_of_Mohammad_Hatta.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Signature_of_Mohammad_Hatta.png/256px-Signature_of_Mohammad_Hatta.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="404" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nickname</th><td class="infobox-data">Bung Hatta</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Mohammad Hatta</b> (<span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c2\/Id-Mohammad_Hatta.ogg\/Id-Mohammad_Hatta.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"listen"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Id-Mohammad Hatta.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c2/Id-Mohammad_Hatta.ogg/Id-Mohammad_Hatta.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">listen</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Id-Mohammad_Hatta.ogg" title="File:Id-Mohammad Hatta.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; 12 August 1902 – 14 March 1980) was an Indonesian statesman, nationalist, and independence activist who served as the country's first <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Indonesia" title="Vice President of Indonesia">vice president</a> as well as the third prime minister. Known as "The Proclamator", he and a number of Indonesians, including the first president of Indonesia, <a href="/wiki/Sukarno" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a>, fought for the independence of <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> from <a href="/wiki/The_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="The Netherlands">the Netherlands</a>. Hatta was an important figure during the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_national_awakening" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesian national awakening">Indonesian national awakening</a> and during the national revolution, as a youth he was politically active both in the Netherlands and the Indies, which led him to be imprisoned in the <a href="/wiki/Boven_Digoel" class="mw-redirect" title="Boven Digoel">Boven Digoel</a> concentration camp for his activism, he also played a crucial part in the <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Indonesian_independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Proclamation of Indonesian independence">proclamation of Indonesian independence</a>, being second the person to sign the declaration besides Sukarno, thus naming him as one of the founders of Indonesia. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life,_family,_and_early_education"><span id="Early_life.2C_family.2C_and_early_education"></span>Early life, family, and early education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hatta&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life, family, and early education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_life_and_family">Early life and family</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hatta&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life and family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mohammad_Hatta_Birth_Place_and_Museum,_Bukittinggi,_West_Sumatra_2017-02-13_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Mohammad_Hatta_Birth_Place_and_Museum%2C_Bukittinggi%2C_West_Sumatra_2017-02-13_01.jpg/250px-Mohammad_Hatta_Birth_Place_and_Museum%2C_Bukittinggi%2C_West_Sumatra_2017-02-13_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Mohammad_Hatta_Birth_Place_and_Museum%2C_Bukittinggi%2C_West_Sumatra_2017-02-13_01.jpg/375px-Mohammad_Hatta_Birth_Place_and_Museum%2C_Bukittinggi%2C_West_Sumatra_2017-02-13_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Mohammad_Hatta_Birth_Place_and_Museum%2C_Bukittinggi%2C_West_Sumatra_2017-02-13_01.jpg/500px-Mohammad_Hatta_Birth_Place_and_Museum%2C_Bukittinggi%2C_West_Sumatra_2017-02-13_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4147" data-file-height="2765" /></a><figcaption>Bung Hatta's birth house, which is now located on Sukarno-Hatta street, Bukittinggi</figcaption></figure> <p>Hatta was born in Fort De Kock (now known as <a href="/wiki/Bukittinggi" title="Bukittinggi">Bukittinggi</a>) on 12 August 1902 into a prominent and strongly Islamic family. His grandfather, Sheikh Abdurrahman, was a respected <a href="/wiki/Naqshbandi" title="Naqshbandi">Naqshbandi</a>-<a href="/wiki/Khalidiyya" title="Khalidiyya">Khalidi</a> <a href="/wiki/Murshid" title="Murshid">murshid</a> in <a href="/wiki/Batuhampar" title="Batuhampar">Batuhampar</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Payakumbuh" title="Payakumbuh">Payakumbuh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeismann2009165_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeismann2009165-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father, Haji Mohammad Djamil, died when he was eight months old and he was left with his six sisters and his mother. As in the <a href="/wiki/Matrilineal" class="mw-redirect" title="Matrilineal">matrilineal</a> society of <a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_people" title="Minangkabau people">Minangkabau</a> tradition, he was then raised in his mother's family. His mother's family was wealthy, and Hatta was able to study <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> as well as finishing <a href="/wiki/Qur%27an" class="mw-redirect" title="Qur'an">Qur'an</a> after school.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKahin1980113_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKahin1980113-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_education">Early education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hatta&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He went to the Dutch language elementary school (ELS or <i><a href="/wiki/Europeesche_Lagere_School" title="Europeesche Lagere School">Europeesche Lagere School</a></i>) in <a href="/wiki/Padang,_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Padang, Indonesia">Padang</a> from 1913 to 1916 after he had finished <i>Sekolah Melayu</i> ('<a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a> School') in Bukittinggi. When he was thirteen, he passed an exam that entitled him to enroll in the Dutch secondary school (HBS or <i><a href="/wiki/Hogere_burgerschool" class="mw-redirect" title="Hogere burgerschool">Hogere burgerschool</a></i>) in Batavia (now <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a>). However his mother asked him to stay in Padang because he was still too young to go to the capital alone. Hatta then entered junior secondary school or MULO (<i><a href="/wiki/Meer_Uitgebreid_Lager_Onderwijs" title="Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs">Meer Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs</a></i>). </p><p>During his spare time, he worked part-time in a post office. Normally, MULO students were not allowed to work, but he was able to work there because of the HBS exam qualification.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKahin1980113_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKahin1980113-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hatta was interested in <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a>; he joined his school's football team and was made its chairman. He broadened his sphere of contacts by using his position. </p><p>Hatta used to visit the office of the <i>Sarikat Usaha</i> (United Endeavor), led by Taher Marah Soetan. In the office, he read Dutch newspapers, particularly about political debates in the <i>Volksraad</i> (parliament) of the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a>. It was at the age of sixteen that Hatta began to be interested in politics and national movements. He was chosen the treasurer of the branch of the <i>Jong Sumatranen Bond</i> (or youth association of Sumatra), which was first established in Padang in 1918.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKahin1980113_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKahin1980113-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Time_in_the_Netherlands">Time in the Netherlands</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hatta&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Time in the Netherlands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_education">Later education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hatta&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Later education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reproductie_van_een_foto_uit_een_publicatie_Titel_De_oprichters_der_Perhimpoen,_Bestanddeelnr_8821.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Reproductie_van_een_foto_uit_een_publicatie_Titel_De_oprichters_der_Perhimpoen%2C_Bestanddeelnr_8821.jpg/250px-Reproductie_van_een_foto_uit_een_publicatie_Titel_De_oprichters_der_Perhimpoen%2C_Bestanddeelnr_8821.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Reproductie_van_een_foto_uit_een_publicatie_Titel_De_oprichters_der_Perhimpoen%2C_Bestanddeelnr_8821.jpg/375px-Reproductie_van_een_foto_uit_een_publicatie_Titel_De_oprichters_der_Perhimpoen%2C_Bestanddeelnr_8821.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Reproductie_van_een_foto_uit_een_publicatie_Titel_De_oprichters_der_Perhimpoen%2C_Bestanddeelnr_8821.jpg/500px-Reproductie_van_een_foto_uit_een_publicatie_Titel_De_oprichters_der_Perhimpoen%2C_Bestanddeelnr_8821.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4461" data-file-height="3476" /></a><figcaption>Leaders of <a href="/wiki/Perhimpoenan_Indonesia" title="Perhimpoenan Indonesia">Perhimpoenan Indonesia</a>. Left to right: Gunawan Mangunkusumo, Mohammad Hatta, <a href="/wiki/Iwa_Kusumasumantri" class="mw-redirect" title="Iwa Kusumasumantri">Iwa Kusumasumantri</a>, Sastro Mulyono, and <a href="/wiki/R.M._Sartono" class="mw-redirect" title="R.M. Sartono">R.M. Sartono</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1919, Hatta finally went to the HBS in Batavia. He completed his study with distinction in 1921,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKahin1980113_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKahin1980113-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was allowed to continue to study at <a href="/wiki/Erasmus_University_Rotterdam" title="Erasmus University Rotterdam">Erasmus University Rotterdam</a> (then known as the <a href="/wiki/Erasmus_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Erasmus University">Netherlands School of Commerce</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a>. He took economics as his major and earned a <i><a href="/wiki/Doctorandus" title="Doctorandus">doctorandus</a></i> degree in 1932. The degree entitled him to follow a doctorate program. He then continued to pursue the doctorate degree, and completed all requirements to be awarded it, but he never finished his thesis. Politics had taken over Hatta's life. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Struggle_for_independence_in_the_Netherlands">Struggle for independence in the Netherlands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hatta&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Struggle for independence in the Netherlands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mohammad_Hatta_Indonesian_statesman,_nationalist,_and_founding_fathers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Mohammad_Hatta_Indonesian_statesman%2C_nationalist%2C_and_founding_fathers.jpg/267px-Mohammad_Hatta_Indonesian_statesman%2C_nationalist%2C_and_founding_fathers.jpg" decoding="async" width="267" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Mohammad_Hatta_Indonesian_statesman%2C_nationalist%2C_and_founding_fathers.jpg/401px-Mohammad_Hatta_Indonesian_statesman%2C_nationalist%2C_and_founding_fathers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Mohammad_Hatta_Indonesian_statesman%2C_nationalist%2C_and_founding_fathers.jpg/534px-Mohammad_Hatta_Indonesian_statesman%2C_nationalist%2C_and_founding_fathers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Mohammad Hatta Indonesian statesman, nationalist, and one of the founding fathers</figcaption></figure> <p>In the Netherlands, Hatta joined the <i><a href="/wiki/Indische_Vereeniging" class="mw-redirect" title="Indische Vereeniging">Indische Vereeniging</a></i> (or the Indies' Association). In 1922, the organization changed its name to <i>Indonesische Vereeniging</i> and later to its Indonesian translation: the <i><a href="/wiki/Perhimpoenan_Indonesia" title="Perhimpoenan Indonesia">Perhimpoenan Indonesia</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tokoh_Indonesia_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tokoh_Indonesia-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hatta was the treasurer (1922–1925), and then the chairman (1926–1930).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKahin1980113_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKahin1980113-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On his inauguration, Hatta delivered a speech with the title of "The Economic World Structure and the Conflict of Power", in which he supported the idea of Indonesian non-cooperation with the Dutch colonial government in order to gain its independence. The <i>Perhimpoenan Indonesia</i> then changed from being a student organization into a political organization and had an unequivocal demand for Indonesia's independence. It expressed its voice through the magazine called <i>Indonesia Merdeka</i> (or Free Indonesia) of which Hatta was the editor. </p><p>To gain more support from other nations, Hatta attended congresses all over Europe, always as the chairman of the Indonesian delegation. In 1926, Hatta and <i>Perhimpoenan Indonesia</i> joined the (sixth) International Democratic Congress for Peace in <a href="/wiki/Marc_Sangnier" title="Marc Sangnier">Marc Sangnier</a>'s domaine de Bierville (<a href="/wiki/Boissy-la-Rivi%C3%A8re" title="Boissy-la-Rivière">Boissy-la-Rivière</a>), France. In February 1927, Hatta went to Brussels to attend a congress held by the <a href="/wiki/League_Against_Imperialism" class="mw-redirect" title="League Against Imperialism">League Against Imperialism</a> and Colonial Oppression. He met many other prominent nationalists there, including <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Jawaharlal Nehru</a> from India, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hafiz_Ramadan_Bey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mohammad Hafiz Ramadan Bey (page does not exist)">Mohammad Hafiz Ramadan Bey</a> from Egypt and <a href="/wiki/Lamine_Senghor" title="Lamine Senghor">Lamine Senghor</a> from Senegal. Later in the year, Hatta attended another congress held by the International Women's League for Peace and Freedom in Switzerland. On that occasion, Hatta delivered a speech with the title of "Indonesia and her Independence Problem".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStutje2015_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEStutje2015-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the middle of 1927, <i>Perhimpoenan Indonesia</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s activities had alarmed the Dutch authorities. In June 1927, Dutch authorities raided the residence of the organization's leaders, searching through their rooms and putting Hatta and other four other Indonesian activists behind bars. After spending nearly six months in prison, they were taken to trial in <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">the Hague</a>. They were permitted to explain themselves during the hearing, and Hatta took to the opportunity to explain Indonesia's nationalist cause. He made a speech to the court explaining that Indonesia's interests were in conflict with those of the Dutch, and that was why they could not cooperate. </p><p>Hatta advocated cooperation between Indonesia and the Netherlands, but only if Indonesia was independent and treated as an equal partner, not unequally because of its status as a colony. The speech became famous and it is known as the <i>Indonesia Vrij</i> (Indonesia Merdeka) or Free Indonesia speech.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKahin1980114_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKahin1980114-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1929, Hatta and other <i>Perhimpoenan Indonesia</i> activists were released. In July 1932, Hatta made his way home to Indonesia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKahin1980114_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKahin1980114-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Return_to_Indonesia">Return to Indonesia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hatta&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Return to Indonesia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Struggle_in_the_Dutch_East_Indies">Struggle in the Dutch East Indies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hatta&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Struggle in the Dutch East Indies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Indonesian_National_Party">The Indonesian National Party</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hatta&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: The Indonesian National Party"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mohammad_Hatta_2002_Indonesia_stamp2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Mohammad_Hatta_2002_Indonesia_stamp2.jpg/220px-Mohammad_Hatta_2002_Indonesia_stamp2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Mohammad_Hatta_2002_Indonesia_stamp2.jpg/330px-Mohammad_Hatta_2002_Indonesia_stamp2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Mohammad_Hatta_2002_Indonesia_stamp2.jpg/440px-Mohammad_Hatta_2002_Indonesia_stamp2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="693" data-file-height="460" /></a><figcaption>Hatta on a 2002 Indonesian postage stamp</figcaption></figure><p>Hatta returned home in 1932 to an Indonesia whose nationalist momentum had been slowed down by the arrest and imprisonment of Sukarno. By the time Hatta had returned, most of the members of Sukarno's PNI had joined the <a href="/wiki/Partindo" title="Partindo">Indonesia Party (Partindo)</a> and more radical PNI members, together with the Dutch-educated <a href="/wiki/Sutan_Sjahrir" title="Sutan Sjahrir">Sutan Sjahrir</a> had banded together to form the New PNI. Although the initials were the same, the PNI in this case stood for the Indonesian National Education, indicating that it would focus on cadre training. In August 1932, after returning from the Netherlands, Hatta became the chairman of the New PNI. </p><p>In December 1932, Sukarno was finally released from prison and the attention now turned to which party Sukarno would choose. Sukarno, who had wanted one united front to gain Indonesia's independence was uncertain, thinking that in choosing one over the other, he would encourage division. In this, he was criticized by Hatta, who was more pragmatic about differences, in this case the conflict between Partindo's radical and mass party approach versus the New PNI's moderate and cadre party approach. Sukarno insisted on negotiations to unify Partindo and New PNI but after failing, chose to join Partindo. </p><p>Between 1932 and 1933, Hatta wrote articles on politics and economics for the New PNI's newspaper <i>Daulat Rakyat</i> (The People's Authority). These articles were aimed at training new cadres for Indonesia's leadership. </p><p>Hatta seemed to be extremely critical of Sukarno at this point in time. In August 1933, with Sukarno once again arrested and facing trial, he wrote an article called "Sukarno Is Arrested". This was followed by articles entitled "The Tragedy of Sukarno" (November 1933) and "The Stance of a Leader" (December 1933). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Arrest_and_exile">Arrest and exile</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hatta&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Arrest and exile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Dutch colonial government gave Sukarno a harsh punishment, exiling him to Ende on the island of Flores in December 1933. With Sukarno in exile, the Dutch colonial government now turned their eyes to the New PNI and its leadership. In February 1934, they made their move and arrested its leaders from its Jakarta branch (which included Hatta) and its Bandung branch. For a year they were jailed at prisons in Cipinang and Glodok, with Hatta spending his time in Glodok. During his time in prison, Hatta wrote a book entitled "The Economical Crisis and Capitalism". </p><p> In January 1935, it was decided that Hatta and his fellow New PNI leaders (including Syahrir) would be exiled to <a href="/wiki/Boven-Digoel_concentration_camp" title="Boven-Digoel concentration camp">Boven Digoel</a> in Papua. When Hatta arrived there, he was told by the local authorities that he had two options. The first option was to work for the Dutch Colonial Government as a civil servant for 40 cents a day with the hope of returning from exile, and the second option was being an exile, receiving food but having no hope of returning from exile. Hatta commented if he had decided to take a job as a civil servant in Jakarta, he would have earned a lot of money and knowing that, there was no need to go to Boven Digoel to be paid cheaply. In saying this, Hatta chose the second option.</p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Muhammad_Hatta_home_in_exile.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Muhammad_Hatta_home_in_exile.jpg/220px-Muhammad_Hatta_home_in_exile.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Muhammad_Hatta_home_in_exile.jpg/330px-Muhammad_Hatta_home_in_exile.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Muhammad_Hatta_home_in_exile.jpg/440px-Muhammad_Hatta_home_in_exile.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5120" data-file-height="3840" /></a><figcaption>Hatta's home in Bandaneira, currently a museum.</figcaption></figure><p>During his exile, Hatta continued to write articles, this time for the Newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Pemandangan" title="Pemandangan">Pemandangan</a></i> (The View). He earned enough money from that to make ends meet at Boven Digoel and to support his colleagues who had financial troubles. Hatta also used his books (which filled 16 chests when they were packed to leave Jakarta) to give his colleagues lessons on economics, history, and philosophy. Later on these lessons would be made into books entitled "An Introduction on the Way to Knowledge" and "The Nature of Greek Thought" (four volumes). </p><p>In January 1936, Hatta and Syahrir were transferred to <a href="/wiki/Banda_Neira" title="Banda Neira">Bandaneira</a> in <a href="/wiki/Maluku_Islands" title="Maluku Islands">Maluku</a>. There they joined more nationalists such as <a href="/wiki/Iwa_Kusumasumantri" class="mw-redirect" title="Iwa Kusumasumantri">Iwa Kusumasumantri</a> and Dr. <a href="/wiki/Cipto_Mangunkusumo" title="Cipto Mangunkusumo">Cipto Mangunkusumo</a>. Hatta and Syahrir were given more freedom and were able to interact with the locals. Hatta and Syahrir also gave lessons to the local children, teaching them about politics and history. Hatta adopted a local boy, <a href="/wiki/Des_Alwi" title="Des Alwi">Des Alwi</a>, as his son while living in Bandaneira.<sup id="cite_ref-jp_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jp-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alwi would become a prominent Indonesian historian and diplomat.<sup id="cite_ref-jp_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jp-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In February 1942, Hatta and Syahrir were transferred to <a href="/wiki/Sukabumi" title="Sukabumi">Sukabumi</a> in West Java. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japanese_occupation">Japanese occupation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hatta&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Japanese occupation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Japanese_invasion">Japanese invasion</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hatta&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Japanese invasion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By 1942, <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> was well under way and the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a> was fulfilling its imperial ambitions in East Asia and Southeast Asia. In March 1942, they began <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_East_Indies_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Netherlands East Indies campaign">landing in Indonesia</a>. Like their counterpart in Europe, the Dutch colonial government crumbled in the face of the invaders and by 9 March 1942, surrendered. On 22 March 1942, Hatta and Syahrir were again transferred to Jakarta. </p><p>In Jakarta, Hatta met with <a href="/wiki/Major_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Major General">Major General</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kumakichi_Harada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kumakichi Harada (page does not exist)">Kumakichi Harada</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E7%94%B0%E7%86%8A%E5%90%89" class="extiw" title="ja:原田熊吉">ja</a>]</span>, the interim head of government. Harada asked Hatta to become an advisor for the occupational Government. Hatta accepted the job and then asked Harada if Japan was here to colonize Indonesia. Harada assured Hatta that Japan would not do. In Hatta's eyes, an acknowledgement of an Indonesian independence by Japan was extremely important. If Japan, with its ultra-nationalistic ideology was able to recognize Indonesia's independence, it would put more pressure on the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a> (especially the United States and the United Kingdom) as representatives of democracy to do the same thing. In July 1942, Hatta was reunited with Sukarno who after Flores had been transferred to Sumatra before the Japanese arrived, and had also been asked for his services. Although they had left off on a bad note, Sukarno wanted to speak with Hatta before speaking with anyone else. In a secret meeting at Hatta's Jakarta home Sukarno, Hatta and Sjahrir agreed that Sjahrir would go underground to organise the revolutionary resistance while the other two would commence their cooperation with the Japanese occupier.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMrazek1994222_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMrazek1994222-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Collaboration_with_the_Japanese">Collaboration with the Japanese</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hatta&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Collaboration with the Japanese"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hatta and Sukarno now had the common goal of working with the Japanese and then trying to achieve independence from them. Together with <a href="/wiki/Ki_Hadjar_Dewantoro" class="mw-redirect" title="Ki Hadjar Dewantoro">Ki Hadjar Dewantoro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muhammadiyah" title="Muhammadiyah">Muhammadiyah</a> chairman, <a href="/wiki/Mas_Mansoer" title="Mas Mansoer">Kiai Haji Mas Mansur</a>, Hatta and Sukarno formed a quattuorvirate of leaders tasked by the Japanese occupational Government as their intermediary with the Indonesian people. Hatta together with the other members of the quattuorvirate worked with much fervor under the Japanese government. They echoed Japanese propaganda and presented the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japanese Empire</a> as the protector, leader, and the light of Asia. At the same time however, Hatta continued to promote Indonesia's desire for independence. In a speech in December 1942, Hatta said that Indonesia had been freed from the Dutch colonial government, but if they were freed only to be colonized by another power, he would rather see Indonesia drown to the bottom of the ocean. </p><p>On 9 March 1943, the Japanese occupational government approved the formation of the Centre of People's Power (Putera) with Hatta and the other quattuorvirate as the co-chairmen of the association. Sukarno thought that this would be a way from which they could gain support for independence, instead the Japanese used this to their own cause and to start their <i><a href="/wiki/Romusha" class="mw-redirect" title="Romusha">romusha</a></i> (forced labour) regime in Indonesia. On 4 October 1943, Hatta, along with Sukarno and other nationalist figures was appointed to the Javanese <a href="/wiki/Central_Advisory_Council" title="Central Advisory Council">Central Advisory Council</a>, which was by set up the occupation government.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArniati_Prasedyawati_Herkusumo198235–36_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArniati_Prasedyawati_Herkusumo198235–36-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In November 1943, Hatta and Sukarno's efforts in cooperating with the Japanese occupational government was recognized by Emperor <a href="/wiki/Hirohito" title="Hirohito">Hirohito</a> who decorated them with awards in Tokyo. </p><p>As the tide of the war began to turn against the Japanese, the Japanese occupational government in Indonesia became desperate to maintain control. Putera was disbanded and replaced with <a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dk%C5%8Dkai" title="Hōkōkai">Djawa Hokokai</a> in March 1944. Although still chaired by Sukarno, the Indonesians had less freedom of movement than they had had in Putera. When defeat began looming on the horizon, Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Kuniaki_Koiso" title="Kuniaki Koiso">Kuniaki Koiso</a> announced in September 1944 that Japan would grant Indonesia its independence in the near future. From then on, momentum began to gather for the independence of Indonesia, fuelled by the nationalist sentiments of Indonesians and supported by sympathizers from Japan such as <a href="/wiki/Rear_Admiral" class="mw-redirect" title="Rear Admiral">Rear Admiral</a> <a href="/wiki/Tadashi_Maeda_(admiral)" title="Tadashi Maeda (admiral)">Tadashi Maeda</a>. In Maeda's case, he even set up a discussion forum called the Free Indonesia Centre and invited Hatta and Sukarno along to deliver lectures on nationalism. This was followed in April 1945, by the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Investigating_Committee_for_Preparatory_Work_for_Independence" title="Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence">Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence</a> (BPUPK), which would meet over the next three months and would decide on things such as the constitution and which territories would be part of Indonesia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Proclamation_of_independence">Proclamation of independence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hatta&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Proclamation of independence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Indonesian_Independence" title="Proclamation of Indonesian Independence">Proclamation of Indonesian Independence</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Indonesia_declaration_of_independence_17_August_1945.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Indonesia_declaration_of_independence_17_August_1945.jpg/250px-Indonesia_declaration_of_independence_17_August_1945.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Indonesia_declaration_of_independence_17_August_1945.jpg/375px-Indonesia_declaration_of_independence_17_August_1945.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Indonesia_declaration_of_independence_17_August_1945.jpg/500px-Indonesia_declaration_of_independence_17_August_1945.jpg 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="621" /></a><figcaption>Sukarno, accompanied by Mohammad Hatta, declaring the independence of Indonesia.</figcaption></figure> <p>By August 1945, as Japan was on the eve of defeat, the administration finally approved Indonesian Independence and formed the <a href="/wiki/Preparatory_Committee_for_Indonesian_Independence" title="Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence">Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence</a> (PPKI) to supervise it. On 8 August 1945, Hatta and Sukarno were summoned to <a href="/wiki/Saigon" class="mw-redirect" title="Saigon">Saigon</a>, to meet with Marshal Terauchi, the Commander-in-Chief of the Japanese forces in South East Asia. Terauchi told Hatta and Sukarno that the PPKI would be formed on 18 August and that Indonesia would be independent with Japanese supervision. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Japanese_surrender">Japanese surrender</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hatta&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Japanese surrender"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hatta and Sukarno returned to Indonesia on 14 August. In Hatta's case, Syahrir was waiting for him with news of the <a href="/wiki/Atomic_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic bomb">atomic bombs</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hiroshima" title="Hiroshima">Hiroshima</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nagasaki,_Nagasaki" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagasaki, Nagasaki">Nagasaki</a>. Syahrir told Hatta that they would have to encourage Sukarno to proclaim Indonesia's independence immediately, because in a couple of days the Japanese might not be there to provide supervision. Syahrir told Hatta not to worry about the Japanese authorities because the people would be on their side. Syahrir and Hatta then went to see Sukarno, with Syahrir repeating his argument in front of Sukarno. Hatta then spoke out, saying that he was worried the Allies would see them as Japanese collaborators. Sukarno shared this sentiment and Syahrir left the meeting out of frustration. </p><p>The next day, on 15 August 1945, Japan <a href="/wiki/Victory_over_Japan_Day" title="Victory over Japan Day">surrendered</a> to the Allies. In Indonesia, the news was only a rumor and had not been confirmed. Hatta and Sukarno went to the office of the Japanese occupational government in Jakarta, only to find it empty. Hatta and Sukarno then went to Maeda who confirmed that Japan had surrendered to the Allies. Hatta and Sukarno seemed shocked that Japan had surrendered. During the afternoon, Hatta and Sukarno were confronted by Indonesian youths who wanted independence to be proclaimed as soon as possible. A heated exchange followed, with Sukarno telling the youths to have more patience. Hatta, who was aware of this and Sukarno's superiority in the exchange, sarcastically commented on the youths' inability to proclaim independence without Sukarno. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kidnapping_and_proclamation">Kidnapping and proclamation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hatta&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Kidnapping and proclamation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On the morning of 16 August 1945, Indonesian youths kidnapped both Hatta and Sukarno and took them to the town of Rengasdengklok where they continued trying to force Hatta and Sukarno to declare independence, but without success. In Jakarta, there was panic as the PPKI was due to start meeting that day and had planned to elect Sukarno as chairman and Hatta as vice chairman. When knowledge of Hatta and Sukarno's whereabouts became available and the Japanese surrender was confirmed, <a href="/wiki/Achmad_Subardjo" class="mw-redirect" title="Achmad Subardjo">Achmad Subardjo</a>, a PPKI representative, went to Rengasdengklok to break the news to Hatta and Sukarno. That night, Hatta and Sukarno returned to Jakarta where, at Maeda's house, they worked on the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Declaration_of_Independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesian Declaration of Independence">Proclamation of Independence</a>. Finally, on 17 August 1945, at Sukarno's residence, Indonesia's independence was finally proclaimed in a short statement on paper signed by both Sukarno and Hatta. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Election_as_vice_president">Election as vice president</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hatta&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Election as vice president"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 18 August 1945, Hatta was selected as Indonesia's first vice president by the PPKI to accompany Sukarno, who had been elected as the nation's first president. Hatta would make three important decisions in the republic's early days. On 16 October, an <a href="/wiki/Vice-Presidential_Edict_No.X" title="Vice-Presidential Edict No.X">edict</a> issued by Hatta gave the Central National Committee of Indonesia (KNIP) legislative powers in addition to its advisory role to the president. In the same month, Hatta also authorized the formation of political parties in Indonesia. The next month, in November, Hatta also made the decision which took away the president's role as <a href="/wiki/Head_of_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Head of Government">Head of Government</a> and transferred it to a prime minister. Hatta was able to make these crucial decisions because Sukarno was unable to attend the meetings in question, leaving Hatta in charge. For his part, Sukarno did not seem to have a problem with Hatta's decisions, at least not during the War of Independence.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="National_revolution">National revolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hatta&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: National revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_revolution">Early revolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hatta&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Early revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When the Dutch began sending their troops back to Indonesia, Hatta, together with Syahrir and Sukarno, all agreed that a diplomatic solution should be worked out. This caused tensions with more radical elements within the government such as youth leaders <a href="/wiki/Chairul_Saleh" title="Chairul Saleh">Chairul Saleh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adam_Malik" title="Adam Malik">Adam Malik</a>. In January 1946, Hatta and Sukarno moved to <a href="/wiki/Yogyakarta" title="Yogyakarta">Yogyakarta</a>, leaving Syahrir (who was by then prime minister) to head negotiations in Jakarta. </p><p>By the end of 1946, the diplomatic solution which Hatta and Sukarno had been looking for seemed to have been found. The <a href="/wiki/Linggadjati_Agreement" title="Linggadjati Agreement">Linggadjati Agreement</a>, signed in November 1946, called for Dutch recognition of the Republic of Indonesia. However, territorial recognition would only be over Java, Sumatra, and Madura. In addition, this republic would be part of a <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Indonesia" title="United States of Indonesia">United States of Indonesia</a> with the Queen of the Netherlands acting as the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Head of State">Head of State</a>. However, before the agreement was finally ratified by the Dutch House of Representatives, some compromises were made without the consent of the republic. In turn, Indonesia refused to implement its part of the deal, resulting in the first "Police Action" in July 1947. </p><p>During this time, Hatta was sent out of the country to look for support for Indonesia. One country that he went to was India, the homeland of his old friend, Nehru. Disguised as an airplane co-pilot, Hatta sneaked out of the country to ask for assistance. There he asked Nehru and <a href="/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhi" title="Mahatma Gandhi">Mahatma Gandhi</a> for help. Nehru assured him that India would support Indonesia and would make the support known at international forums such as the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> (UN). </p><p>In December 1947, negotiations were held aboard <a href="/wiki/USS_Renville" title="USS Renville">USS <i>Renville</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/Renville_Agreement" title="Renville Agreement">an agreement</a> was signed in January 1948. This agreement was more favorable towards the Dutch and called for the republic to recognize the territories which the Dutch had taken during the first "Police Action". The agreement caused outrage and caused <a href="/wiki/Amir_Sjarifuddin" title="Amir Sjarifuddin">Amir Sjarifuddin</a> to resign from his position as prime minister. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prime_ministership">Prime ministership</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hatta&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Prime ministership"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To replace Syarifuddin, Sukarno appointed Hatta as prime minister and declared that the cabinet would be an emergency one and would be answerable to the President instead of the KNIP. Hatta also took on the position of minister of defense. As prime minister, Hatta had to make an unpopular decision. In August 1948, with the republic struggling to pay its <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Indonesia">troops</a>, Hatta was forced to demobilize some soldiers. </p><p> In December 1948, the Dutch launched their second "Police Action" and focused their attack on Yogyakarta. Hatta and Sukarno, instead of running away to fight <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">guerrilla warfare</a> chose to remain in the city and were arrested. Sukarno transferred authority to the <a href="/wiki/Emergency_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Indonesia" title="Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia">Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia</a> (PDRI), before going into exile with all the other Republican leaders. Hatta was sent to Bangka.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Dr._Mohammed_Hatta_vertrekt_weer_naar_Indonesi%C3%AB.ogv/220px-seek%3D42-Dr._Mohammed_Hatta_vertrekt_weer_naar_Indonesi%C3%AB.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="180" data-durationhint="55" data-mwtitle="Dr._Mohammed_Hatta_vertrekt_weer_naar_Indonesië.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Dr._Mohammed_Hatta_vertrekt_weer_naar_Indonesi%C3%AB.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/eb/Dr._Mohammed_Hatta_vertrekt_weer_naar_Indonesi%C3%AB.ogv/Dr._Mohammed_Hatta_vertrekt_weer_naar_Indonesi%C3%AB.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="352" data-height="288" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/eb/Dr._Mohammed_Hatta_vertrekt_weer_naar_Indonesi%C3%AB.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="352" data-height="288" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/eb/Dr._Mohammed_Hatta_vertrekt_weer_naar_Indonesi%C3%AB.ogv/Dr._Mohammed_Hatta_vertrekt_weer_naar_Indonesi%C3%AB.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="176" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/eb/Dr._Mohammed_Hatta_vertrekt_weer_naar_Indonesi%C3%AB.ogv/Dr._Mohammed_Hatta_vertrekt_weer_naar_Indonesi%C3%AB.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="294" data-height="240" /></video></span><figcaption>Mohammed Hatta on the day of his departure to Indonesia after the 1949 <a href="/wiki/Dutch%E2%80%93Indonesian_Round_Table_Conference" title="Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference">Round Table conference</a> in <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Resistance continued under General <a href="/wiki/Sudirman" title="Sudirman">Sudirman</a> and TNI troops who fought a guerrilla war against the Dutch. In March, Sultan <a href="/wiki/Hamengkubuwono_IX" title="Hamengkubuwono IX">Hamengkubuwono IX</a> organized 1 March General Offensive, in which the city of Yogyakarta was held by Indonesian forces for six hours. This played an important role in causing international pressure to be put on the Netherlands.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In May 1949, the <a href="/wiki/Roem%E2%80%93Van_Roijen_Agreement" title="Roem–Van Roijen Agreement">Roem–Van Roijen Agreement</a> was signed and the Netherlands promised to return the leaders of the Republican Government. In July 1949, Hatta and Sukarno made their return to Yogyakarta. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RI_Transfer_Signing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/RI_Transfer_Signing.jpg/220px-RI_Transfer_Signing.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/RI_Transfer_Signing.jpg/330px-RI_Transfer_Signing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/RI_Transfer_Signing.jpg/440px-RI_Transfer_Signing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="654" data-file-height="402" /></a><figcaption>Indonesian Vice President Hatta and Dutch <a href="/wiki/Juliana_of_the_Netherlands" title="Juliana of the Netherlands">Queen Juliana</a> signing the recognition of sovereignty of the Republic of Indonesia</figcaption></figure> <p>In August 1949, Hatta headed a delegation to the Hague for a <a href="/wiki/Dutch%E2%80%93Indonesian_Round_Table_Conference" title="Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference">Round Table conference</a>. In November 1949, the formation of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Indonesia" title="United States of Indonesia">United States of Indonesia</a> was finally agreed. It was to be a federation consisting of the Republic and 15 States which the Dutch had created during the <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">National Revolution</a>. The Queen of the Netherlands would continue to become the symbolic head of state while Sukarno and Hatta would continue as president and vice president. On 27 December 1949, the Dutch authorities finally recognized Indonesian sovereignty. Hatta continued on as the Prime Minister of the United States of Indonesia and presided over the transition of the federal state to the unitary state, which was made official on 17 August 1950. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vice_presidency_(1945–1956)"><span id="Vice_presidency_.281945.E2.80.931956.29"></span>Vice presidency (1945–1956)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hatta&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Vice presidency (1945–1956)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Intellectual_pursuits_and_cooperatives">Intellectual pursuits and cooperatives</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hatta&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Intellectual pursuits and cooperatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Indonesia soon adopted a <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Constitution_of_1950" title="Provisional Constitution of 1950">constitution</a> which advocated parliamentary democracy and reduced the president to the role of a ceremonial head of state. That left Hatta with little to do as vice president, especially since his term as prime minister was not renewed. </p><p>For his remaining time as vice president, Hatta was regularly invited to deliver lectures in universities. He also engaged in intellectual pursuits, writing essays and books about topics such as the economy and cooperatives. The idea of cooperatives being an integral part of economy would become a pet project for Hatta and he would become an enthusiastic promoter of the idea. In July 1951, on the occasion of Cooperatives Day, Hatta went on the radio to deliver a speech on cooperatives. In 1953, Hatta's contribution towards promoting cooperatives was recognized and he was given the title "Father of Indonesian Cooperatives" at the Indonesian Cooperative Congress. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Setting_Indonesia's_foreign_policy_doctrine"><span id="Setting_Indonesia.27s_foreign_policy_doctrine"></span>Setting Indonesia's foreign policy doctrine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hatta&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Setting Indonesia's foreign policy doctrine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aside from cooperatives, Hatta's other main contribution to Indonesia governance was the setting of the nation's foreign policy doctrine. In 1948, Hatta delivered a speech called "Rowing Between Two Rocks". In it, he referred to the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> and the conflict between the United States and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. Hatta said that Indonesian foreign policy has to look after its own interest first, not that of the US and the USSR. In saying this, Hatta wanted Indonesia to be independent in deciding its stance during the Cold War. Hatta also added that Indonesia should be an active participant in world politics so that once again it would be Indonesia's interests that came first. This doctrine, which would become known as the "Independent and Active" doctrine, continues to be the basis of Indonesian foreign policy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Retirement">Retirement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hatta&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Retirement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Announcement_and_cause">Announcement and cause</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hatta&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Announcement and cause"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1955, Hatta announced that when the new <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Representative_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="People's Representative Council">People's Representative Council</a> (DPR) as well as the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Assembly_of_Indonesia" title="Constitutional Assembly of Indonesia">Constitutional Assembly</a>, a body commissioned to create a new constitution, were formed as a result of the year's <a href="/wiki/1955_Indonesian_legislative_election" title="1955 Indonesian legislative election">legislative</a> and <a href="/wiki/1955_Indonesian_Constituent_Assembly_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1955 Indonesian Constituent Assembly election">assembly elections</a>, he would retire from the vice presidency. He announced this intention in a letter to Sukarno. </p><p>On the surface, it seemed as if Hatta was retiring for practical reasons. Because the presidency was a ceremonial role, this made the office of vice president pointless, and Hatta thought that the country was wasting a lot of money paying his wages. There were also personal reasons, however. As a man who believed in democracy, Hatta was beginning to feel disillusioned with Sukarno's increasing autocracy and authoritarianism. Hatta had continued to advise Sukarno against taking this road but he was ignored. Hatta finally gave up and thought that he could no longer work with Sukarno.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> On 1 December 1956, Hatta officially resigned from the vice presidency. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hatta&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Aftermath"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hatta's retirement caused shockwaves all around Indonesia, especially for those of non-Javanese ethnicity. In the eyes of non-Javanese people, Hatta was their main representative in a Javanese-dominated Government. The impact of Hatta's retirement was evident in the <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Government_of_the_Republic_of_Indonesia" title="Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia">Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia</a> (PRRI) rebellion which wanted to break free from Indonesia, and the Universal Struggle (<a href="/wiki/Permesta" title="Permesta">Permesta</a>) movement, which asked for decentralization. In negotiations with the central government, both PRRI and Permesta listed the reunification of the Sukarno/Hatta leadership as one of the concessions that they wanted from the central government. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-vice_presidency">Post-vice presidency</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hatta&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Post-vice presidency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government_critic">Government critic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hatta&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Government critic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Now outside the government, Hatta began to openly criticize Sukarno. One of his criticisms was Sukarno's lack of commitment towards national development. Hatta said that the revolution ended with the Dutch recognition of Indonesian sovereignty and that the government's focus should be on development. Sukarno rejected this idea outright and responded to it during his 1959 Independence Day speech by saying that the revolution was not over. </p><p>In 1960, Hatta wrote a book called <i>Our Democracy</i>. In it, he criticized Sukarno's <a href="/wiki/Guided_Democracy_in_Indonesia" title="Guided Democracy in Indonesia">Guided Democracy</a> as another form of dictatorship. Sukarno immediately banned the book.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The same year Sjahrir's political party, the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Indonesia" title="Socialist Party of Indonesia">Socialist Party of Indonesia</a> was banned<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERicklefs2008420_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERicklefs2008420-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and two years later he was imprisoned on conspiracy charges. Hatta wrote a personal letter to Sukarno calling the arrest 'colonial' and 'non-rational', but to no avail. The old revolutionary trinity had definitively broken down.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMrazek1994465_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMrazek1994465-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_New_Order">The New Order</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hatta&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: The New Order"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Transition_to_the_New_Order">Transition to the New Order</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hatta&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Transition to the New Order"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Transition_to_the_New_Order" title="Transition to the New Order">Transition to the New Order</a></div> <p>During the tumultuous time which saw the presidency <a href="/wiki/Transition_to_the_New_Order" title="Transition to the New Order">changed hands</a> from Sukarno to General <a href="/wiki/Suharto" title="Suharto">Suharto</a>, Hatta remained in the background. However, he would break his silence in June 1970, just a week before Sukarno died. In a letter to Suharto, Hatta said that he was disappointed that Sukarno was put under house arrest instead of being put on trial. Hatta's reason for this was not malicious: he just wanted matters relating to <a href="/wiki/30_September_Movement" title="30 September Movement">30 September Movement</a> coup attempt of 1965 to be cleared up and for Sukarno to be given a chance to defend his actions, as many believed that he was not guilty.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2008)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Corruption_investigation_commission">Corruption investigation commission</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hatta&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Corruption investigation commission"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hatta's involvement with Suharto's government came at the beginning of 1970 when protests were made about corruption within it. In January 1970, Suharto appointed Hatta, along with three others as members of a commission to investigate corruption within the government. The results of the commission's investigation was never revealed to public until they leaked in July 1970. It then became apparent that the suspicions of the protesters were correct: there was widespread corruption within the government. Controversially, however, in August 1970, Suharto disbanded the commission and allowed for only two cases of corruption to be looked at by the Government. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Institute_for_Constitutional_Awareness_Foundation">Institute for Constitutional Awareness Foundation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hatta&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Institute for Constitutional Awareness Foundation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In July 1978, together with <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Haris_Nasution" title="Abdul Haris Nasution">Abdul Haris Nasution</a>, Hatta set up the Institute for Constitutional Awareness Foundation (YLKB), set up to act as a forum for critics of Suharto's regime. Suharto's government moved quickly and did not allow YLKB to conduct its first meeting in January 1979. The YLKB did not give up. In August 1979, it managed to hold a meeting which DPR members attended. Perhaps significantly, members of the <a href="/wiki/Military_of_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of Indonesia">Indonesian Military</a> also attended. During the meeting, Nasution criticized the <a href="/wiki/New_Order_(Indonesia)" title="New Order (Indonesia)">New Order</a> for not fully implementing the <a href="/wiki/Pancasila_(politics)" title="Pancasila (politics)">Pancasila</a> state ideology and the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Indonesia" title="Constitution of Indonesia">1945 Constitution</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hatta&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hatta died on 14 March 1980 at 18:56 at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, after eleven days of being treated there. The next day, he was buried at his residence on Jalan Diponegoro 57, Jakarta and buried at the Tanah Kusir Public Cemetery in <a href="/wiki/South_Jakarta" title="South Jakarta">South Jakarta</a>. Jakarta was greeted with a state ceremony led directly by the then Vice President, <a href="/wiki/Adam_Malik" title="Adam Malik">Adam Malik</a>. He was designated as a proclaiming hero in 1986 by the Suharto government.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESudarmanto1996_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESudarmanto1996-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hatta&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hatta did not want to get married until Indonesia was independent.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His daughter, <a href="/wiki/Meutia_Hatta_Swasono" title="Meutia Hatta Swasono">Meutia Farida Hatta</a> previously served as Minister for Female Empowerment in <a href="/wiki/Susilo_Bambang_Yudhoyono" title="Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono">Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono</a>'s Cabinet. She currently serves as President of the Indonesian <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Justice_and_Unity_Party" title="Indonesian Justice and Unity Party">Justice and Unity Party</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hatta&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TE-2022-100000-depan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/TE-2022-100000-depan.jpg/220px-TE-2022-100000-depan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/TE-2022-100000-depan.jpg/330px-TE-2022-100000-depan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/TE-2022-100000-depan.jpg/440px-TE-2022-100000-depan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1609" data-file-height="693" /></a><figcaption>100,000 <a href="/wiki/Rupiah" class="mw-redirect" title="Rupiah">rupiah</a> banknote featuring <a href="/wiki/Sukarno" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a> and Mohammad Hatta, issued in 2022</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Soekarno-Hatta_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Soekarno-Hatta International Airport">Soekarno-Hatta International Airport</a> is named in his honor. In 2014, a dormitory building for international students at the <a href="/wiki/Erasmus_University_Rotterdam" title="Erasmus University Rotterdam">Erasmus University Rotterdam</a> campus was named after Hatta.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hatta&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMohammad_Hatta1957" class="citation book cs1">Mohammad Hatta (1957). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cooperativemovem00hatt"><i>The Co-operative Movement in Indonesia</i></a></span>. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Co-operative+Movement+in+Indonesia&rft.place=Ithaca%2C+N.Y.&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1957&rft.au=Mohammad+Hatta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcooperativemovem00hatt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammad+Hatta" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohammad_Hatta1961" class="citation journal cs1">Mohammad Hatta (November 1961). "Colonialism and the Danger of War". <i>Asian Survey</i>. <b>1</b> (9): 10–14. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3023504">10.2307/3023504</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3023504">3023504</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asian+Survey&rft.atitle=Colonialism+and+the+Danger+of+War&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=10-14&rft.date=1961-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3023504&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3023504%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Mohammad+Hatta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammad+Hatta" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohammad_Hatta1965" class="citation journal cs1">Mohammad Hatta (March 1965). "One Indonesian View of the Malaysia Issue". <i>Asian Survey</i>. <b>5</b> (3): 139–143. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2642403">10.2307/2642403</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2642403">2642403</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asian+Survey&rft.atitle=One+Indonesian+View+of+the+Malaysia+Issue&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=139-143&rft.date=1965-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2642403&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2642403%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Mohammad+Hatta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammad+Hatta" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honours">Awards and honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hatta&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Awards and honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangpop_voorstellende_Dr._Mohammed_Hatta_(1902-1980)_de_eerste_vice_President_van_Indonesi%C3%AB_TMnr_4551-21.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangpop_voorstellende_Dr._Mohammed_Hatta_%281902-1980%29_de_eerste_vice_President_van_Indonesi%C3%AB_TMnr_4551-21.jpg/220px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangpop_voorstellende_Dr._Mohammed_Hatta_%281902-1980%29_de_eerste_vice_President_van_Indonesi%C3%AB_TMnr_4551-21.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangpop_voorstellende_Dr._Mohammed_Hatta_%281902-1980%29_de_eerste_vice_President_van_Indonesi%C3%AB_TMnr_4551-21.jpg/330px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangpop_voorstellende_Dr._Mohammed_Hatta_%281902-1980%29_de_eerste_vice_President_van_Indonesi%C3%AB_TMnr_4551-21.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangpop_voorstellende_Dr._Mohammed_Hatta_%281902-1980%29_de_eerste_vice_President_van_Indonesi%C3%AB_TMnr_4551-21.jpg/440px-COLLECTIE_TROPENMUSEUM_Wajangpop_voorstellende_Dr._Mohammed_Hatta_%281902-1980%29_de_eerste_vice_President_van_Indonesi%C3%AB_TMnr_4551-21.jpg 2x" data-file-width="662" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Hatta depicted in a contemporary <a href="/wiki/Wayang_Kulit" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayang Kulit">Wayang Kulit</a> puppet.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Honours">Honours</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hatta&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="National_honours">National honours</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hatta&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: National honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bintang_Republik_Indonesia_Adipurna_rib.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Bintang_Republik_Indonesia_Adipurna_rib.svg/70px-Bintang_Republik_Indonesia_Adipurna_rib.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Bintang_Republik_Indonesia_Adipurna_rib.svg/105px-Bintang_Republik_Indonesia_Adipurna_rib.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Bintang_Republik_Indonesia_Adipurna_rib.svg/140px-Bintang_Republik_Indonesia_Adipurna_rib.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="142" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Star_of_the_Republic_of_Indonesia" title="Star of the Republic of Indonesia">Star of the Republic of Indonesia</a>, 1st Class (1972)</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bintang_Gerilya_rib.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Bintang_Gerilya_rib.svg/70px-Bintang_Gerilya_rib.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Bintang_Gerilya_rib.svg/105px-Bintang_Gerilya_rib.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Bintang_Gerilya_rib.svg/140px-Bintang_Gerilya_rib.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_Indonesia#Bintang_Gerilya_(Guerrilla_Star)" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of Indonesia">Bintang Gerilya</a> (1952)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Foreign_honours">Foreign honours</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hatta&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Foreign honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg/43px-Flag_of_Japan_%281870%E2%80%931999%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JPN_Zuiho-sho_(WW2)_blank_BAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/JPN_Zuiho-sho_%28WW2%29_blank_BAR.svg/70px-JPN_Zuiho-sho_%28WW2%29_blank_BAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/JPN_Zuiho-sho_%28WW2%29_blank_BAR.svg/105px-JPN_Zuiho-sho_%28WW2%29_blank_BAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/JPN_Zuiho-sho_%28WW2%29_blank_BAR.svg/140px-JPN_Zuiho-sho_%28WW2%29_blank_BAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="218" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Sacred_Treasure" title="Order of the Sacred Treasure">Order of the Sacred Treasure</a> (1943)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Awards">Awards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hatta&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honorary_doctorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary doctorate">Honorary doctorate</a> University of Indonesia "UI" (1958)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hatta&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hatta&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWeismann2009165-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWeismann2009165_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWeismann2009">Weismann 2009</a>, p. 165.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sanadmedia.com/post/menilik-peninggalan-syaikh-abdurrahman-batuhampar-kakek-bung-hatta">"Menilik Harta Karun Peninggalan Syaikh Abdurrahman Batuhampar Kakek Bung Hatta"</a>. <i>Sanad Media</i> (in Indonesian). 19 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sanad+Media&rft.atitle=Menilik+Harta+Karun+Peninggalan+Syaikh+Abdurrahman+Batuhampar+Kakek+Bung+Hatta&rft.date=2020-11-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsanadmedia.com%2Fpost%2Fmenilik-peninggalan-syaikh-abdurrahman-batuhampar-kakek-bung-hatta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammad+Hatta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKahin1980113-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKahin1980113_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKahin1980113_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKahin1980113_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKahin1980113_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKahin1980113_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKahin1980">Kahin 1980</a>, p. 113.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tokoh_Indonesia-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tokoh_Indonesia_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070830105129/http://www.tokohindonesia.com/ensiklopedi/h/hatta/index.shtml">"<i>Sang Proklamator</i>"</a> (in Indonesian). Tokoh Indonesia. pp. 1–2. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tokohindonesia.com/ensiklopedi/h/hatta/index.shtml">the original</a> on 30 August 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 August</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sang+Proklamator&rft.pages=1-2&rft.pub=Tokoh+Indonesia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tokohindonesia.com%2Fensiklopedi%2Fh%2Fhatta%2Findex.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammad+Hatta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEStutje2015-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEStutje2015_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFStutje2015">Stutje 2015</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKahin1980114-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKahin1980114_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKahin1980114_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKahin1980">Kahin 1980</a>, p. 114.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jp-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jp_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jp_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101113215007/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/11/12/prominent-historian-des-alwi-dies-82.html">"Prominent historian Des Alwi dies at 82"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jakarta_Post" title="The Jakarta Post">The Jakarta Post</a></i>. 12 November 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/11/12/prominent-historian-des-alwi-dies-82.html">the original</a> on 13 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.hariansejarah.id&rft.atitle=hariansejarah.id&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hariansejarah.id%2F2017%2F03%2Fkematian-bung-hatta-14-maret-1980.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammad+Hatta" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://soeharto.co/bung-hatta-wafat/">"Bung Hatta Wafat"</a>. <i>HM Soeharto</i> (in Indonesian). 29 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Jakarta, Indonesia: PT. Rosda Jayaputra.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chuo+Sangi-in%3A+Dewan+Pertimbang+Pusat+Pada+Masa+Pendudukan+Jepang&rft.place=Jakarta%2C+Indonesia&rft.pub=PT.+Rosda+Jayaputra&rft.date=1982&rft.au=Arniati+Prasedyawati+Herkusumo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammad+Hatta" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKahin1961" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_McTurnan_Kahin" title="George McTurnan Kahin">Kahin, George McTurnan</a> (1961) [1952]. <i>Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia</i>. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nationalism+and+Revolution+in+Indonesia&rft.place=Ithaca%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1961&rft.aulast=Kahin&rft.aufirst=George+McTurnan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammad+Hatta" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKahin1980" class="citation journal cs1">Kahin, George Mc. T (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cip.cornell.edu/DPubS?service=Repository&version=1.0&verb=Disseminate&view=body&content-type=pdf_1&handle=seap.indo/1107014423#">"In Memoriam: Mohammad Hatta (1902–1980)"</a>. <i>Indonesia</i>. <b>30</b>: 113–120.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Indonesia&rft.atitle=In+Memoriam%3A+Mohammad+Hatta+%281902%E2%80%931980%29&rft.volume=30&rft.pages=113-120&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Kahin&rft.aufirst=George+Mc.+T&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcip.cornell.edu%2FDPubS%3Fservice%3DRepository%26version%3D1.0%26verb%3DDisseminate%26view%3Dbody%26content-type%3Dpdf_1%26handle%3Dseap.indo%2F1107014423%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammad+Hatta" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMrazek1994" class="citation book cs1">Mrazek, Rudolf (1994). <i>Sjahrir: politics in exile in Indonesia</i>. (SEAP Cornel South East Asia program. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87727-713-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-87727-713-3"><bdi>0-87727-713-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sjahrir%3A+politics+in+exile+in+Indonesia&rft.pub=%28SEAP+Cornel+South+East+Asia+program&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-87727-713-3&rft.aulast=Mrazek&rft.aufirst=Rudolf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammad+Hatta" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohammad_Hatta1957" class="citation book cs1">Mohammad Hatta (1957). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cooperativemovem00hatt"><i>The Co-operative Movement in Indonesia</i></a></span>. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Co-operative+Movement+in+Indonesia&rft.place=Ithaca%2C+N.Y.&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1957&rft.au=Mohammad+Hatta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcooperativemovem00hatt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammad+Hatta" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohammad_Hatta1961" class="citation journal cs1">Mohammad Hatta (November 1961). "Colonialism and the Danger of War". <i>Asian Survey</i>. <b>1</b> (9): 10–14. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3023504">10.2307/3023504</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3023504">3023504</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asian+Survey&rft.atitle=Colonialism+and+the+Danger+of+War&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=10-14&rft.date=1961-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3023504&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3023504%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Mohammad+Hatta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammad+Hatta" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMohammad_Hatta1965" class="citation journal cs1">Mohammad Hatta (March 1965). "One Indonesian View of the Malaysia Issue". <i>Asian Survey</i>. <b>5</b> (3): 139–143. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2642403">10.2307/2642403</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2642403">2642403</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Asian+Survey&rft.atitle=One+Indonesian+View+of+the+Malaysia+Issue&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=139-143&rft.date=1965-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2642403&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2642403%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.au=Mohammad+Hatta&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammad+Hatta" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStutje2015" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Stutje, Klaas (2015). "To Maintain an Independent Course: Inter-war Indonesian Nationalism and International Communism on a Dutch-European Stage". <i>Dutch Crossing: Journal of Low Countries Studies</i> (in Dutch). <b>39</b> (3): 204–220. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03096564.2015.1101298">10.1080/03096564.2015.1101298</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146939108">146939108</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dutch+Crossing%3A+Journal+of+Low+Countries+Studies&rft.atitle=To+Maintain+an+Independent+Course%3A+Inter-war+Indonesian+Nationalism+and+International+Communism+on+a+Dutch-European+Stage&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=204-220&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03096564.2015.1101298&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A146939108%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Stutje&rft.aufirst=Klaas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammad+Hatta" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRicklefs2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/M._C._Ricklefs" title="M. C. Ricklefs">Ricklefs, M.C.</a> (2008) [1981]. <i>A History of Modern Indonesia Since c.1300</i> (4th ed.). London: MacMillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-54685-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-54685-1"><bdi>978-0-230-54685-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Modern+Indonesia+Since+c.1300&rft.place=London&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=MacMillan&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-230-54685-1&rft.aulast=Ricklefs&rft.aufirst=M.C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammad+Hatta" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSudarmanto1996" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sudarmanto, Y.B. (1996). <i>Jejak-Jejak Pahlawan dari Sultan Agung hingga Syekh Yusuf (The Footsteps of Heroes from Sultan Agung to Syekh Yusuf)</i> (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Grasindo. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/979-553-111-5" title="Special:BookSources/979-553-111-5"><bdi>979-553-111-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jejak-Jejak+Pahlawan+dari+Sultan+Agung+hingga+Syekh+Yusuf+%28The+Footsteps+of+Heroes+from+Sultan+Agung+to+Syekh+Yusuf%29&rft.place=Jakarta&rft.pub=Grasindo&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=979-553-111-5&rft.aulast=Sudarmanto&rft.aufirst=Y.B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammad+Hatta" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeismann2009" class="citation book cs1">Weismann, Itzchak (2009). <i>The Naqshbandiyya: Orthodoxy and Activism in a Worldwide Sufi Tradition</i>. Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-48992-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-48992-8"><bdi>978-0-415-48992-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Naqshbandiyya%3A+Orthodoxy+and+Activism+in+a+Worldwide+Sufi+Tradition&rft.place=Abingdon-on-Thames&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-415-48992-8&rft.aulast=Weismann&rft.aufirst=Itzchak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammad+Hatta" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mohammad_Hatta&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson,_Ben1972" class="citation book cs1">Anderson, Ben (1972). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/javaintimeofrevo0000ande"><i>Java in a Time of Revolution: Occupation and Resistance, 1944–1946</i></a></span>. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8014-0687-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8014-0687-0"><bdi>0-8014-0687-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Java+in+a+Time+of+Revolution%3A+Occupation+and+Resistance%2C+1944%E2%80%931946&rft.place=Ithaca%2C+N.Y.&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=0-8014-0687-0&rft.au=Anderson%2C+Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjavaintimeofrevo0000ande&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMohammad+Hatta" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New office</b><br /><div style="font-size:90%"><a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Indonesian_Independence" title="Proclamation of Indonesian Independence">Indonesian independence</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Indonesia" title="Vice President of Indonesia">Vice President of Indonesia</a> </b><br />18 August 1945 – 1 December 1956 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Hamengkubuwono_IX" title="Hamengkubuwono IX">Hamengkubuwono IX</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Amir_Sjarifuddin" title="Amir Sjarifuddin">Amir Sjarifuddin</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Indonesia" title="Prime Minister of Indonesia">Prime Minister of Indonesia</a> </b><br />29 January 1948 – 6 September 1950 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Natsir" title="Mohammad Natsir">Mohammad Natsir</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vice_presidents_of_Indonesia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Vice presidents of Indonesia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Vice_Presidents_of_Indonesia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_Indonesia" title="Vice President of Indonesia">Vice Presidents of Indonesia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left; white-space:nowrap; padding-top:.3em; padding-bottom:.6em;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ol><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mohammad Hatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamengkubuwono_IX" title="Hamengkubuwono IX">Hamengkubuwono IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Malik" title="Adam Malik">Adam Malik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umar_Wirahadikusumah" title="Umar Wirahadikusumah">Umar Wirahadikusumah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudharmono" title="Sudharmono">Sudharmono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Try_Sutrisno" title="Try Sutrisno">Try Sutrisno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._J._Habibie" title="B. J. Habibie">B. J. Habibie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megawati_Sukarnoputri" title="Megawati Sukarnoputri">Megawati Sukarnoputri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamzah_Haz" title="Hamzah Haz">Hamzah Haz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jusuf_Kalla" title="Jusuf Kalla">Jusuf Kalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boediono" title="Boediono">Boediono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jusuf_Kalla" title="Jusuf Kalla">Jusuf Kalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27ruf_Amin" title="Ma'ruf Amin">Ma'ruf Amin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibran_Rakabuming_Raka" title="Gibran Rakabuming Raka">Gibran Rakabuming Raka</a></li></ol> </div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Indonesian_Vice_Presidential_Seal_gold.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Indonesian_Vice_Presidential_Seal_gold.svg/70px-Indonesian_Vice_Presidential_Seal_gold.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" 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2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Vice_presidents_of_Indonesia" title="Category:Vice presidents of Indonesia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_Indonesia" title="List of vice presidents of Indonesia">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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title="Soekiman Wirjosandjojo">Soekiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilopo" title="Wilopo">Wilopo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Sastroamidjojo" title="Ali Sastroamidjojo">Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burhanuddin_Harahap" title="Burhanuddin Harahap">Burhanuddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Sastroamidjojo" title="Ali Sastroamidjojo">Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djuanda_Kartawidjaja" title="Djuanda Kartawidjaja">Djuanda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Indonesia&#124;link=Indonesia_Defense_Ministers_of_Indonesia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th 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class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_ministers_of_defense_(Indonesia)" title="List of ministers of defense (Indonesia)">Defense Ministers of Indonesia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 2px 0 0"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Indonesia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/75px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/113px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/150px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supriyadi" title="Supriyadi">Supriyadi</a></li> <li><i>Suliyoadikusumo</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amir_Sjarifuddin" title="Amir Sjarifuddin">Amir Sjarifuddin</a></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mohammad Hatta</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamengkubuwono_IX" title="Hamengkubuwono IX">Hamengkubuwono IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Halim_(Indonesia)" title="Abdul Halim (Indonesia)">Abdul Halim</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Natsir" title="Mohammad Natsir">Mohammad Natsir</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raden_Mas_Sewaka&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raden Mas Sewaka (page does not exist)">Raden Mas Sewaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamengkubuwono_IX" title="Hamengkubuwono IX">Hamengkubuwono IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilopo" title="Wilopo">Wilopo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwa_Koesoemasoemantri" title="Iwa Koesoemasoemantri">Iwa Koesoemasoemantri</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zainul_Arifin" title="Zainul Arifin">Zainul Arifin</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burhanuddin_Harahap" title="Burhanuddin Harahap">Burhanuddin Harahap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Sastroamidjojo" title="Ali Sastroamidjojo">Ali Sastroamidjojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djuanda_Kartawidjaja" title="Djuanda Kartawidjaja">Djuanda Kartawidjaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Haris_Nasution" title="Abdul Haris Nasution">Abdul Haris Nasution</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mas_Sarbini&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mas Sarbini (page does not exist)">Mas Sarbini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suharto" title="Suharto">Suharto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maraden_Panggabean" title="Maraden Panggabean">Maraden Panggabean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Jusuf" title="Mohammad Jusuf">Mohammad Jusuf</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poniman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poniman (page does not exist)">Poniman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._B._Moerdani" title="L. B. Moerdani">Benny Moerdani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edi_Sudradjat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edi Sudradjat (page does not exist)">Edi Sudradjat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiranto" title="Wiranto">Wiranto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juwono_Sudarsono" title="Juwono Sudarsono">Juwono Sudarsono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahfud_MD" title="Mahfud MD">Mahfud MD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agum_Gumelar" title="Agum Gumelar">Agum Gumelar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matori_Abdul_Djalil&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matori Abdul Djalil (page does not exist)">Matori Abdul Djalil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juwono_Sudarsono" title="Juwono Sudarsono">Juwono Sudarsono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purnomo_Yusgiantoro" title="Purnomo Yusgiantoro">Purnomo Yusgiantoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryamizard_Ryacudu" title="Ryamizard Ryacudu">Ryamizard Ryacudu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto" title="Prabowo Subianto">Prabowo Subianto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sjafrie_Sjamsoeddin" title="Sjafrie Sjamsoeddin">Sjafrie Sjamsoeddin</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Indonesian_Ministry_of_Defense.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_the_Indonesian_Ministry_of_Defense.png/75px-Flag_of_the_Indonesian_Ministry_of_Defense.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_the_Indonesian_Ministry_of_Defense.png/113px-Flag_of_the_Indonesian_Ministry_of_Defense.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_the_Indonesian_Ministry_of_Defense.png/150px-Flag_of_the_Indonesian_Ministry_of_Defense.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1707" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="4"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Defense_ministers_of_Indonesia" title="Category:Defense ministers of Indonesia">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_ministers_of_defense_(Indonesia)" title="List of ministers of defense (Indonesia)">List</a></li> <li><i>Italics</i> indicate interim Ministers of Defense.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Indonesia&#124;link=Indonesia_Foreign_Ministers_of_Indonesia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="4"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foreign_Ministers_of_Indonesia" title="Template:Foreign Ministers of Indonesia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foreign_Ministers_of_Indonesia" title="Template talk:Foreign Ministers of Indonesia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign_Ministers_of_Indonesia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Foreign Ministers of Indonesia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Indonesia&#124;link=Indonesia_Foreign_Ministers_of_Indonesia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Indonesia)#List_of_foreign_ministers" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Indonesia)">Foreign Ministers of Indonesia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 2px 0 0"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:National_emblem_of_Indonesia_Garuda_Pancasila.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/National_emblem_of_Indonesia_Garuda_Pancasila.svg/75px-National_emblem_of_Indonesia_Garuda_Pancasila.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/National_emblem_of_Indonesia_Garuda_Pancasila.svg/113px-National_emblem_of_Indonesia_Garuda_Pancasila.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/National_emblem_of_Indonesia_Garuda_Pancasila.svg/150px-National_emblem_of_Indonesia_Garuda_Pancasila.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></div></td><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achmad_Soebardjo" title="Achmad Soebardjo">Achmad Soebardjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutan_Sjahrir" title="Sutan Sjahrir">Sutan Sjahrir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agus_Salim" title="Agus Salim">Agus Salim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Andries_Maramis" title="Alexander Andries Maramis">Alexander Andries Maramis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agus_Salim" title="Agus Salim">Agus Salim</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mohammad Hatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Roem" title="Mohammad Roem">Mohammad Roem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achmad_Soebardjo" title="Achmad Soebardjo">Achmad Soebardjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilopo" title="Wilopo">Wilopo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soenario" title="Soenario">Soenario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ide_Anak_Agung_Gde_Agung" title="Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung">Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruslan_Abdulgani" title="Ruslan Abdulgani">Ruslan Abdulgani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subandrio" title="Subandrio">Subandrio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Malik" title="Adam Malik">Adam Malik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mochtar_Kusumaatmadja" title="Mochtar Kusumaatmadja">Mochtar Kusumaatmadja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ali_Alatas" title="Ali Alatas">Ali Alatas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alwi_Shihab" title="Alwi Shihab">Alwi Shihab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hassan_Wirajuda" title="Hassan Wirajuda">Hassan Wirajuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marty_Natalegawa" title="Marty Natalegawa">Marty Natalegawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retno_Marsudi" title="Retno Marsudi">Retno Marsudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugiono" title="Sugiono">Sugiono</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_Republic_of_Indonesia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Seal_of_the_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_Republic_of_Indonesia.svg/75px-Seal_of_the_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_Republic_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Seal_of_the_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_Republic_of_Indonesia.svg/113px-Seal_of_the_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_Republic_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Seal_of_the_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_Republic_of_Indonesia.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_of_the_Republic_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="4"><div><a href="/wiki/Category:Foreign_ministers_of_Indonesia" title="Category:Foreign ministers of Indonesia">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_Investigating_Committee_for_Preparatory_Work_for_Independence_(BPUPK)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Members_of_the_Investigating_Committee_for_Preparatory_Work_for_Independence" title="Template:Members of the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Members_of_the_Investigating_Committee_for_Preparatory_Work_for_Independence" title="Template talk:Members of the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Members_of_the_Investigating_Committee_for_Preparatory_Work_for_Independence" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Members of the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_Investigating_Committee_for_Preparatory_Work_for_Independence_(BPUPK)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Members of the <a href="/wiki/Investigating_Committee_for_Preparatory_Work_for_Independence" title="Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence">Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence</a> (BPUPK)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Java BPUPK</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indonesian members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Halim_(nationalist)" title="Abdul Halim (nationalist)">Abdul Halim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdoel_Kahar_Moezakir" title="Abdoel Kahar Moezakir">Abdoel Kahar Moezakir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Fatah_Hasan" title="Abdul Fatah Hasan">Abdul Fatah Hasan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Kadir_(Indonesia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdul Kadir (Indonesia) (page does not exist)">Abdul Kadir</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Kaffar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdul Kaffar (page does not exist)">Abdul Kaffar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdulrahim_Pratalykrama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdulrahim Pratalykrama (page does not exist)">Abdulrahim Pratalykrama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdurrahman_Baswedan" title="Abdurrahman Baswedan">Abdurrahman Baswedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abikusno_Tjokrosujoso" title="Abikusno Tjokrosujoso">Abikusno Tjokrosujoso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achmad_Soebardjo" title="Achmad Soebardjo">Achmad Soebardjo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Agus_Muhsin_Dasaad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agus Muhsin Dasaad (page does not exist)">Agus Muhsin Dasaad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agus_Salim" title="Agus Salim">Agus Salim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Sanusi" title="Ahmad Sanusi">Ahmad Sanusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Andries_Maramis" title="Alexander Andries Maramis">Alexander Andries Maramis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashar_Sutejo_Munandar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ashar Sutejo Munandar (page does not exist)">Ashar Sutejo Munandar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asikin_Natanegara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asikin Natanegara (page does not exist)">Asikin Natanegara</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagoes_Hadikoesoemo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bagoes Hadikoesoemo (page does not exist)">Bagoes Hadikoesoemo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besar_Mertokusumo" title="Besar Mertokusumo">Besar Mertokusumo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bintoro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bintoro (page does not exist)">Bintoro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boentaran_Martoatmodjo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boentaran Martoatmodjo (page does not exist)">Boentaran Martoatmodjo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindromartono&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hindromartono (page does not exist)">Hindromartono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoesein_Djajadiningrat" title="Hoesein Djajadiningrat">Hoesein Djajadiningrat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jenal_Asikin_Wijaya_Kusuma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jenal Asikin Wijaya Kusuma (page does not exist)">Jenal Asikin Wijaya Kusuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Latuharhary" title="Johannes Latuharhary">Johannes Latuharhary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ki_Hajar_Dewantara" title="Ki Hajar Dewantara">Ki Hajar Dewantara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kusumah_Atmaja" title="Kusumah Atmaja">Kusumah Atmaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liem_Koen_Hian" title="Liem Koen Hian">Liem Koen Hian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margono_Djojohadikusumo" title="Margono Djojohadikusumo">Margono Djojohadikusumo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Ulfah_Santoso" title="Maria Ulfah Santoso">Maria Ulfah Santoso</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mas_Aris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mas Aris (page does not exist)">Mas Aris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mas_Mansoer" title="Mas Mansoer">Mas Mansoer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masjkur" title="Masjkur">Masjkur</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mohammad Hatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Noor" title="Mohammad Noor">Mohammad Noor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Yamin" title="Mohammad Yamin">Mohammad Yamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oey_Tiang_Tjoei" title="Oey Tiang Tjoei">Oey Tiang Tjoei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oey_Tjong_Hauw&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oey Tjong Hauw (page does not exist)">Oey Tjong Hauw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oto_Iskandar_di_Nata" title="Oto Iskandar di Nata">Oto Iskandar di Nata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._F._Dahler" title="P. F. Dahler">P. F. Dahler</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Panji_Singgih&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Panji Singgih (page does not exist)">Panji Singgih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parada_Harahap" title="Parada Harahap">Parada Harahap</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poerbonegoro_Soemitro_Kolopaking&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Poerbonegoro Soemitro Kolopaking (page does not exist)">Poerbonegoro Soemitro Kolopaking</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Purubojo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Purubojo (page does not exist)">Purubojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiman_Wediodiningrat" title="Rajiman Wediodiningrat">Rajiman Wediodiningrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosseno_Soerjohadikoesoemo" title="Roosseno Soerjohadikoesoemo">Roosseno Soerjohadikoesoemo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruslan_Wongsokusumo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruslan Wongsokusumo (page does not exist)">Ruslan Wongsokusumo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsi_Sastrawidagda" title="Samsi Sastrawidagda">Samsi Sastrawidagda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samsudin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samsudin (page does not exist)">Samsudin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sartono" title="Sartono">Sartono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sastromoeljono" title="Sastromoeljono">Sastromoeljono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siti_Sukaptinah_Sunaryo_Mangunpuspito" title="Siti Sukaptinah Sunaryo Mangunpuspito">Siti Sukaptinah Sunaryo Mangunpuspito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soekiman_Wirjosandjojo" title="Soekiman Wirjosandjojo">Soekiman Wirjosandjojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soepomo" title="Soepomo">Soepomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surachman_Tjokroadisurjo" title="Surachman Tjokroadisurjo">Surachman Tjokroadisurjo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soerjo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soerjo (page does not exist)">Soerjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soeroso" title="Soeroso">Soeroso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soetardjo_Kartohadikusumo" title="Soetardjo Kartohadikusumo">Soetardjo Kartohadikusumo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Soewandi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soewandi (page does not exist)">Soewandi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sosrodiningrat_V" title="Sosrodiningrat V">Sosrodiningrat V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudirman" title="Sudirman">Sudirman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukarjo_Wiryopranoto" title="Sukarjo Wiryopranoto">Sukarjo Wiryopranoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukarno" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suryohamijoyo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suryohamijoyo (page does not exist)">Suryohamijoyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susanto_Tirtoprodjo" title="Susanto Tirtoprodjo">Susanto Tirtoprodjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tan_Eng_Hoa" title="Tan Eng Hoa">Tan Eng Hoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahid_Hasyim" title="Wahid Hasyim">Wahid Hasyim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiranatakusumah_V" title="Wiranatakusumah V">Wiranatakusumah V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wongsonegoro" title="Wongsonegoro">Wongsonegoro</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wuryaningrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wuryaningrat (page does not exist)">Wuryaningrat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Japanese members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ide_Teitiroo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ide Teitiroo (page does not exist)">Ide Teitiroo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Itibangase_Yosio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itibangase Yosio (page does not exist)">Itibangase Yosio</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E7%95%AA%E3%83%B6%E7%80%AC%E4%BD%B3%E9%9B%84" class="extiw" title="ja:一番ヶ瀬佳雄">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Itagaki_Masamitsu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itagaki Masamitsu (page does not exist)">Itagaki Masamitsu</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%BF%E5%9E%A3%E6%94%BF%E5%8F%82" class="extiw" title="ja:板垣政参">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Masuda_Toyohiko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Masuda Toyohiko (page does not exist)">Masuda Toyohiko</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%8A%E7%94%B0%E8%B1%8A%E5%BD%A6" class="extiw" title="ja:益田豊彦">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matsuura_Mitsukiyo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matsuura Mitsukiyo (page does not exist)">Matsuura Mitsukiyo</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%BE%E6%B5%A6%E5%85%89%E6%B8%85" class="extiw" title="ja:松浦光清">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miyano_Shozo" title="Miyano Shozo">Miyano Shozo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tanaka_Minoru_(soldier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tanaka Minoru (soldier) (page does not exist)">Tanaka Minoru (soldier)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%B0%E4%B8%AD%E7%A8%94_(%E9%99%B8%E8%BB%8D%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%BA)" class="extiw" title="ja:田中稔 (陸軍軍人)">ja</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tokonami_Tokuji&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tokonami Tokuji (page does not exist)">Tokonami Tokuji</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%8A%E6%AC%A1%E5%BE%B3%E4%BA%8C" class="extiw" title="ja:床次徳二">ja</a>]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sumatra BPUPK</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Indonesian_members" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indonesian members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teuku_Nyak_Arif" title="Teuku Nyak Arif">Teuku Nyak Arif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adnan_Kapau_Gani" title="Adnan Kapau Gani">Adnan Kapau Gani</a></li> <li>A. R. Sutan Mansur</li> <li>A. Sjagoff</li> <li>Abdul Abbas</li> <li>Aminoeddin</li> <li>Amir</li> <li>Azairin</li> <li>Chatib Soeleiman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djamaluddin_Adinegoro" title="Djamaluddin Adinegoro">Djamaluddin Adinegoro</a> (secretary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Lumban_Tobing" title="Ferdinand Lumban Tobing">Ferdinand Lumban Tobing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamka" title="Hamka">Hamka</a></li> <li>Hsu Hua Chang</li> <li>Ibrahim</li> <li>Indra Tjahaja</li> <li>M. A. Sjarif</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daud_Beureueh" title="Daud Beureueh">Daud Beureueh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teuku_Mohammad_Hasan" title="Teuku Mohammad Hasan">Teuku Mohammad Hasan</a></li> <li>Mohd. Sjafei (chairman)</li> <li>Perpatih Baringek</li> <li>Pirngadi</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asahan_Sultanate" title="Asahan Sultanate">Saibun Abdul Jalil Rahmat Sjah</a></li> <li>Sjech Mohd. Djamil Djambek</li> <li>Tjik Wan</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_Heroes_of_Indonesia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Heroes_of_Indonesia" title="Template:National Heroes of Indonesia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Heroes_of_Indonesia" title="Template talk:National Heroes of Indonesia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Heroes_of_Indonesia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Heroes of Indonesia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_Heroes_of_Indonesia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Hero_of_Indonesia" title="National Hero of Indonesia">National Heroes of Indonesia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdoel_Kahar_Moezakir" title="Abdoel Kahar Moezakir">Abdoel Kahar Moezakir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Halim_Majalengka" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdul Halim Majalengka">Abdul Halim Majalengka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdurrahman_Baswedan" title="Abdurrahman Baswedan">Abdurrahman Baswedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achmad_Soebardjo" title="Achmad Soebardjo">Achmad Soebardjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Malik" title="Adam Malik">Adam Malik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adnan_Kapau_Gani" title="Adnan Kapau Gani">Adnan Kapau Gani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Andries_Maramis" title="Alexander Andries Maramis">Alexander Andries Maramis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andi_Djemma" title="Andi Djemma">Andi Djemma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andi_Sultan_Daeng_Radja" title="Andi Sultan Daeng Radja">Andi Sultan Daeng Radja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arie_Frederik_Lasut" title="Arie Frederik Lasut">Arie Frederik Lasut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Mononutu" title="Arnold Mononutu">Arnold Mononutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagindo_Azizchan" title="Bagindo Azizchan">Bagindo Azizchan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B.W._Lapian" class="mw-redirect" title="B.W. Lapian">B.W. Lapian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjilik_Riwut" title="Tjilik Riwut">Tjilik Riwut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djuanda_Kartawidjaja" title="Djuanda Kartawidjaja">Djoeanda Kartawidjaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Douwes_Dekker" title="Ernest Douwes Dekker">Ernest Douwes Dekker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Lumbantobing" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand Lumbantobing">Ferdinand Lumbantobing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatot_Mangkoepradja" title="Gatot Mangkoepradja">Gatot Mangkoepradja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamengkubuwono_IX" title="Hamengkubuwono IX">Hamengkubuwono IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazairin" title="Hazairin">Hazairin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idham_Chalid" title="Idham Chalid">Idham Chalid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ide_Anak_Agung_Gde_Agung" title="Ide Anak Agung Gde Agung">Ida Anak Agung Gde Agung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_Joseph_Kasimo_Hendrowahyono" title="Ignatius Joseph Kasimo Hendrowahyono">Ignatius Joseph Kasimo Hendrowahyono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Gusti_Ketut_Pudja" title="I Gusti Ketut Pudja">I Gusti Ketut Pudja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iwa_Koesoemasoemantri" title="Iwa Koesoemasoemantri">Iwa Koesoemasoemantri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izaak_Huru_Doko" title="Izaak Huru Doko">Izaak Huru Doko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Leimena" title="Johannes Leimena">Johannes Leimena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasman_Singodimedjo" title="Kasman Singodimedjo">Kasman Singodimedjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kusumah_Atmaja" title="Kusumah Atmaja">Kusumah Atmaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambertus_Nicodemus_Palar" title="Lambertus Nicodemus Palar">Lambertus Nicodemus Palar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maskoen_Soemadiredja" title="Maskoen Soemadiredja">Maskoen Soemadiredja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masjkur" title="Masjkur">Masjkur</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mohammad Hatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Husni_Thamrin" title="Mohammad Husni Thamrin">Mohammad Husni Thamrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Natsir" title="Mohammad Natsir">Mohammad Natsir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moewardi" title="Moewardi">Moewardi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nani_Wartabone" title="Nani Wartabone">Nani Wartabone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opu_Daeng_Risaju" title="Opu Daeng Risaju">Opu Daeng Risaju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oto_Iskandar_di_Nata" title="Oto Iskandar di Nata">Oto Iskandar di Nata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Mohammad_Noor" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Mohammad Noor">P. M. Noor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajiman_Wediodiningrat" title="Rajiman Wediodiningrat">Rajiman Wediodiningrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rasuna_Said" title="Rasuna Said">Rasuna Said</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahardjo" title="Sahardjo">Sahardjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Ratulangi" title="Sam Ratulangi">Sam Ratulangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samanhudi" title="Samanhudi">Samanhudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soekarni" class="mw-redirect" title="Soekarni">Soekarni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukarno" title="Sukarno">Sukarno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukarjo_Wiryopranoto" title="Sukarjo Wiryopranoto">Sukarjo Wiryopranoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supeno" title="Supeno">Supeno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soepomo" title="Soepomo">Soepomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soeroso" title="Soeroso">Soeroso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ario_Soerjo" title="Ario Soerjo">Ario Soerjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soerjopranoto" title="Soerjopranoto">Soerjopranoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutan_Mohammad_Amin_Nasution" title="Sutan Mohammad Amin Nasution">Sutan Mohammad Amin Nasution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutan_Sjahrir" title="Sutan Sjahrir">Sutan Sjahrir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sjafruddin_Prawiranegara" title="Sjafruddin Prawiranegara">Sjafruddin Prawiranegara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tan_Malaka" title="Tan Malaka">Tan Malaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teuku_Muhammad_Hasan" class="mw-redirect" title="Teuku Muhammad Hasan">Teuku Muhammad Hasan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teuku_Nyak_Arif" title="Teuku Nyak Arif">Teuku Nyak Arif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oemar_Said_Tjokroaminoto" title="Oemar Said Tjokroaminoto">Oemar Said Tjokroaminoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahid_Hasyim" title="Wahid Hasyim">Wahid Hasyim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zainul_Arifin" title="Zainul Arifin">Zainul Arifin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Haris_Nasution" title="Abdul Haris Nasution">Abdul Haris Nasution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rahman_Saleh_(physician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Abdul Rahman Saleh (physician)">Abdul Rahman Saleh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agustinus_Adisucipto" class="mw-redirect" title="Agustinus Adisucipto">Adisucipto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andi_Abdullah_Bau_Massepe" title="Andi Abdullah Bau Massepe">Andi Abdullah Bau Massepe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basuki_Rahmat" title="Basuki Rahmat">Basuki Rahmat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djamin_Ginting" title="Djamin Ginting">Djamin Ginting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djatikoesoemo" title="Djatikoesoemo">Djatikoesoemo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatot_Soebroto" title="Gatot Soebroto">Gatot Soebroto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halim_Perdanakusuma" title="Halim Perdanakusuma">Halim Perdanakusuma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harun_Thohir" title="Harun Thohir">Harun Thohir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_Basry" title="Hasan Basry">Hasan Basry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iswahyudi" title="Iswahyudi">Iswahyudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Gusti_Ngurah_Rai" title="I Gusti Ngurah Rai">I Gusti Ngurah Rai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahja_Daniel_Dharma" class="mw-redirect" title="Jahja Daniel Dharma">John Lie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keumalahayati" title="Keumalahayati">Keumalahayati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddy_Martadinata" title="Eddy Martadinata">R. E. Martadinata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mas_Isman" title="Mas Isman">Mas Isman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moestopo" title="Moestopo">Moestopo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Mangundiprojo" title="Muhammad Mangundiprojo">Muhammad Mangundiprojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Yasin" title="Muhammad Yasin">Muhammad Yasin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noer_Alie" title="Noer Alie">Noer Alie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oerip_Soemohardjo" title="Oerip Soemohardjo">Oerip Soemohardjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slamet_Rijadi" title="Slamet Rijadi">Slamet Rijadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Said_Soekanto_Tjokrodiatmodjo" title="Said Soekanto Tjokrodiatmodjo">Soekanto Tjokrodiatmodjo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudirman" title="Sudirman">Sudirman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supriyadi" title="Supriyadi">Supriyadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutomo" title="Sutomo">Sutomo (Bung Tomo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syam%27un" title="Syam'un">Syam'un</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._B._Simatupang" title="T. B. Simatupang">T. B. Simatupang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janatin" class="mw-redirect" title="Janatin">Usman Janatin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wolter_Mongisidi" title="Robert Wolter Mongisidi">Robert Wolter Mongisidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yos_Sudarso" title="Yos Sudarso">Yos Sudarso</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fatmawati" title="Fatmawati">Fatmawati</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Revolutionaries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Yani" title="Ahmad Yani">Ahmad Yani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karel_Satsuit_Tubun" title="Karel Satsuit Tubun">Karel Satsuit Tubun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mas_Tirtodarmo_Haryono" title="Mas Tirtodarmo Haryono">Mas Tirtodarmo Haryono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katamso_Darmokusumo" title="Katamso Darmokusumo">Katamso Darmokusumo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Izacus_Pandjaitan" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald Izacus Pandjaitan">Donald Izacus Pandjaitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Tendean" title="Pierre Tendean">Pierre Tendean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siswondo_Parman" title="Siswondo Parman">Siswondo Parman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugiyono_Mangunwiyoto" title="Sugiyono Mangunwiyoto">Sugiyono Mangunwiyoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soeprapto_(general)" title="Soeprapto (general)">Suprapto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutoyo_Siswomiharjo" title="Sutoyo Siswomiharjo">Sutoyo Siswomiharjo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Resistance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alimin" title="Alimin">Alimin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soetomo" title="Soetomo">Dr. Soetomo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tjipto_Mangoenkoesoemo" class="mw-redirect" title="Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo">Tjipto Mangoenkoesoemo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahidin_Soedirohoesodo" title="Wahidin Soedirohoesodo">Wahidin Soedirohoesodo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Muis" title="Abdul Muis">Abdoel Moeis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agus_Salim" title="Agus Salim">Agus Salim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amir_Hamzah" title="Amir Hamzah">Amir Hamzah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Yamin" title="Mohammad Yamin">Mohammad Yamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Ali_Haji" title="Raja Ali Haji">Raja Ali Haji</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ismail_Marzuki" title="Ismail Marzuki">Ismail Marzuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wage_Rudolf_Supratman" title="Wage Rudolf Supratman">Wage Rudolf Supratman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Usmar_Ismail" title="Usmar Ismail">Usmar Ismail</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dewi_Sartika" title="Dewi Sartika">Dewi Sartika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Johannes" title="Herman Johannes">Herman Johannes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kartini" title="Kartini">Kartini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ki_Hajar_Dewantara" title="Ki Hajar Dewantara">Ki Hajar Dewantara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ki_Sarmidi_Mangunsarkoro" title="Ki Sarmidi Mangunsarkoro">Ki Sarmidi Mangunsarkoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Walanda_Maramis" title="Maria Walanda Maramis">Maria Walanda Maramis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Integration</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frans_Kaisiepo" title="Frans Kaisiepo">Frans Kaisiepo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Abraham_Dimara" title="Johannes Abraham Dimara">Johannes Abraham Dimara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marthen_Indey" title="Marthen Indey">Marthen Indey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pajonga_Daeng_Ngalie" class="mw-redirect" title="Pajonga Daeng Ngalie">Pajonga Daeng Ngalie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas_Papare" title="Silas Papare">Silas Papare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syarif_Kasim_II" title="Syarif Kasim II">Syarif Kasim II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Press</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ilyas_Yakoub" title="Ilyas Yakoub">Ilyas Yakoub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Tabrani" title="Mohammad Tabrani">Mohammad Tabrani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruhana_Kuddus" title="Ruhana Kuddus">Ruhana Kuddus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirto_Adhi_Soerjo" title="Tirto Adhi Soerjo">Tirto Adhi Soerjo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suharso" title="Suharso">Suharso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siti_Hartinah" title="Siti Hartinah">Siti Hartinah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelmus_Zakaria_Johannes" title="Wilhelmus Zakaria Johannes">Wilhelmus Zakaria Johannes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Chalim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdul Chalim (page does not exist)">Abdul Chalim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Wahab_Hasbullah" title="Abdul Wahab Hasbullah">Abdul Wahab Hasbullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Dahlan" title="Ahmad Dahlan">Ahmad Dahlan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmad_Hanafiah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmad Hanafiah (page does not exist)">Ahmad Hanafiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Sanusi" title="Ahmad Sanusi">Ahmad Sanusi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As%27ad_Syamsul_Arifin" title="As'ad Syamsul Arifin">As'ad Syamsul Arifin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertus_Soegijapranata" title="Albertus Soegijapranata">Albertus Soegijapranata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ki_Bagus_Hadikusumo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ki Bagus Hadikusumo (page does not exist)">Bagoes Hadikoesoemo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KH_Fakhruddin" title="KH Fakhruddin">Fakhruddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamka" title="Hamka">Haji Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasyim_Asy%27ari" title="Hasyim Asy'ari">Hasyim Asy'ari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafran_Pane" title="Lafran Pane">Lafran Pane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mas_Mansoer" title="Mas Mansoer">Mas Mansoer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyai_Ahmad_Dahlan" title="Nyai Ahmad Dahlan">Nyai Ahmad Dahlan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Struggle</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Kadir_Raden_Temenggung_Setia_Pahlawan" title="Abdul Kadir Raden Temenggung Setia Pahlawan">Abdul Kadir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achmad_Rifa%27i" title="Achmad Rifa'i">Achmad Rifa'i</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirtayasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Tirtayasa">Ageng Tirtayasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andi_Depu" title="Andi Depu">Andi Depu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andi_Mappanyukki" title="Andi Mappanyukki">Andi Mappanyukki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aria_Wangsakara" title="Aria Wangsakara">Aria Wangsakara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Antasari" title="Prince Antasari">Prince Antasari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Agung_of_Mataram" title="Sultan Agung of Mataram">Sultan Agung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babullah_of_Ternate" title="Babullah of Ternate">Sultan Babullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bataha_Santiago" title="Bataha Santiago">Bataha Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teungku_Chik_di_Tiro" title="Teungku Chik di Tiro">Teungku Chik di Tiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cut_Nyak_Dhien" title="Cut Nyak Dhien">Cut Nyak Dhien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cut_Nyak_Meutia" title="Cut Nyak Meutia">Cut Nyak Meutia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diponegoro" title="Diponegoro">Diponegoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Haji_Fisabilillah" title="Raja Haji Fisabilillah">Raja Haji Fisabilillah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamengkubuwono_I" title="Hamengkubuwono I">Hamengkubuwono I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasanuddin_of_Gowa" title="Hasanuddin of Gowa">Hasanuddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuanku_Imam_Bonjol" title="Tuanku Imam Bonjol">Tuanku Imam Bonjol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iskandar_Muda" title="Iskandar Muda">Iskandar Muda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Gusti_Ketut_Jelantik" title="I Gusti Ketut Jelantik">I Gusti Ketut Jelantik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Gusti_Ngurah_Made_Agung" title="I Gusti Ngurah Made Agung">I Gusti Ngurah Made Agung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiras_Bangun" title="Kiras Bangun">Kiras Bangun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Maddukelleng" title="La Maddukelleng">La Maddukelleng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machmud_Singgirei_Rumagesan" title="Machmud Singgirei Rumagesan">Machmud Singgirei Rumagesan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Badaruddin_II" title="Mahmud Badaruddin II">Mahmud Badaruddin II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahmud_Shah_III_of_Johor" title="Mahmud Shah III of Johor">Mahmud Shah III of Johor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangkunegara_I" title="Mangkunegara I">Mangkunegara I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martha_Christina_Tiahahu" title="Martha Christina Tiahahu">Martha Christina Tiahahu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuku_Muhammad_Amiruddin" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuku Muhammad Amiruddin">Nuku Muhammad Amiruddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyi_Ageng_Serang" title="Nyi Ageng Serang">Nyi Ageng Serang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakubuwono_VI" title="Pakubuwono VI">Pakubuwono VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakubuwono_X" title="Pakubuwono X">Pakubuwono X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattimura" title="Pattimura">Pattimura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pong_Tiku" title="Pong Tiku">Pong Tiku</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raden_Mattaher&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raden Mattaher (page does not exist)">Raden Mattaher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radin_Inten_II" title="Radin Inten II">Radin Inten II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranggong_Daeng_Romo" title="Ranggong Daeng Romo">Ranggong Daeng Romo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ratu_Kalinyamat" title="Ratu Kalinyamat">Ratu Kalinyamat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisingamangaraja_XII" class="mw-redirect" title="Sisingamangaraja XII">Sisingamangaraja XII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Yusuf" title="Sheikh Yusuf">Syech Yusuf Tajul Khalwati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuanku_Tambusai" title="Tuanku Tambusai">Tuanku Tambusai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teuku_Umar" title="Teuku Umar">Teuku Umar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thaha_Syaifuddin" title="Thaha Syaifuddin">Thaha Syaifuddin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Untung_Surapati" title="Untung Surapati">Untung Surapati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zainal_Mustafa" title="Zainal Mustafa">Zainal Mustafa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 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