CINXE.COM
The Straits Times: Biden-Xi Summit - Beyond Hello and a Handshake — Singapore Institute of International Affairs
<!doctype html><html lang="en-US" class="no-js"><head><script data-no-optimize="1">var litespeed_docref=sessionStorage.getItem("litespeed_docref");litespeed_docref&&(Object.defineProperty(document,"referrer",{get:function(){return litespeed_docref}}),sessionStorage.removeItem("litespeed_docref"));</script> <meta charset="UTF-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=0" /><meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /><style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style><meta name="dlm-version" content="5.0.21"><title>The Straits Times: Biden-Xi Summit - Beyond Hello and a Handshake — Singapore Institute of International Affairs</title><link rel="canonical" href="https://siiaonline.org/the-straits-times-biden-xi-summit-beyond-hello-and-a-handshake/" /><meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /><meta property="og:type" content="article" /><meta property="og:title" content="The Straits Times: Biden-Xi Summit - Beyond Hello and a Handshake — Singapore Institute of International Affairs" /><meta property="og:description" content="Expectations are rising about a meeting between United States President Joe Biden and China’s leader Xi Jinping in mid-November. “We’re aiming to have a constructive conversation, meeting between the leaders in..." /><meta property="og:url" content="https://siiaonline.org/the-straits-times-biden-xi-summit-beyond-hello-and-a-handshake/" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="Singapore Institute of International Affairs" /><meta property="article:published_time" content="2023-11-06T02:16:10+00:00" /><meta property="article:modified_time" content="2023-11-28T02:39:05+00:00" /><meta property="og:image" content="https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023_ArticlesCommentariesMedia-Note-15.jpg" /><meta property="og:image:width" content="1080" /><meta property="og:image:height" content="1080" /><meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg" /><meta name="author" content="SIIA Membership Admin" /><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /><meta name="twitter:label1" content="Written by" /><meta name="twitter:data1" content="SIIA Membership Admin" /><meta name="twitter:label2" content="Est. reading time" /><meta name="twitter:data2" content="7 minutes" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https://siiaonline.org/the-straits-times-biden-xi-summit-beyond-hello-and-a-handshake/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://siiaonline.org/the-straits-times-biden-xi-summit-beyond-hello-and-a-handshake/"},"author":{"name":"SIIA Membership Admin","@id":"https://siiaonline.org/#/schema/person/836e7537a5c3a46ac5d6d4d25f5a22ba"},"headline":"The Straits Times: Biden-Xi Summit – Beyond Hello and a Handshake","datePublished":"2023-11-06T02:16:10+00:00","dateModified":"2023-11-28T02:39:05+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https://siiaonline.org/the-straits-times-biden-xi-summit-beyond-hello-and-a-handshake/"},"wordCount":1315,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https://siiaonline.org/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https://siiaonline.org/the-straits-times-biden-xi-summit-beyond-hello-and-a-handshake/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023_ArticlesCommentariesMedia-Note-15.jpg","articleSection":["Commentaries"],"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https://siiaonline.org/the-straits-times-biden-xi-summit-beyond-hello-and-a-handshake/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://siiaonline.org/the-straits-times-biden-xi-summit-beyond-hello-and-a-handshake/","url":"https://siiaonline.org/the-straits-times-biden-xi-summit-beyond-hello-and-a-handshake/","name":"The Straits Times: Biden-Xi Summit - Beyond Hello and a Handshake — Singapore Institute of International Affairs","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://siiaonline.org/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https://siiaonline.org/the-straits-times-biden-xi-summit-beyond-hello-and-a-handshake/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https://siiaonline.org/the-straits-times-biden-xi-summit-beyond-hello-and-a-handshake/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023_ArticlesCommentariesMedia-Note-15.jpg","datePublished":"2023-11-06T02:16:10+00:00","dateModified":"2023-11-28T02:39:05+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://siiaonline.org/the-straits-times-biden-xi-summit-beyond-hello-and-a-handshake/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://siiaonline.org/the-straits-times-biden-xi-summit-beyond-hello-and-a-handshake/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://siiaonline.org/the-straits-times-biden-xi-summit-beyond-hello-and-a-handshake/#primaryimage","url":"https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023_ArticlesCommentariesMedia-Note-15.jpg","contentUrl":"https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023_ArticlesCommentariesMedia-Note-15.jpg","width":1080,"height":1080},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://siiaonline.org/the-straits-times-biden-xi-summit-beyond-hello-and-a-handshake/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://siiaonline.org/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Commentaries","item":"https://siiaonline.org/category/commentaries/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"The Straits Times: Biden-Xi Summit – Beyond Hello and a Handshake"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://siiaonline.org/#website","url":"https://siiaonline.org/","name":"Singapore Institute of International Affairs","description":"A think tank for thinking people","publisher":{"@id":"https://siiaonline.org/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://siiaonline.org/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://siiaonline.org/#organization","name":"Singapore Institute of International Affairs","url":"https://siiaonline.org/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://siiaonline.org/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/SIIA-logo-colour-1.svg","contentUrl":"https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/SIIA-logo-colour-1.svg","width":1,"height":1,"caption":"Singapore Institute of International Affairs"},"image":{"@id":"https://siiaonline.org/#/schema/logo/image/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://siiaonline.org/#/schema/person/836e7537a5c3a46ac5d6d4d25f5a22ba","name":"SIIA Membership Admin","description":"Established in 1962, the Singapore Institute of International Affairs (SIIA) is a non-profit and independent think tank committed to producing policy analysis, fostering in-depth dialogues and bridging gaps between policymakers, private sector decision-makers and experts to shape public policy and social responses. Centred around ASEAN focused themes, the institute aims to deliver policy analysis in international affairs and on issues driving environmental sustainability."}]}</script> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.googletagmanager.com' /><link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Singapore Institute of International Affairs » Feed" href="https://siiaonline.org/feed/" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/calendar" title="Singapore Institute of International Affairs » iCal Feed" href="https://siiaonline.org/events/?ical=1" /><link rel="preload" href="https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/themes/hellopomelo/css/fonts/icomoon.woff?v=1.6" as="font" type="font/woff" crossorigin="anonymous"><link rel='stylesheet' id='tribe-events-pro-mini-calendar-block-styles-css' href='https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/plugins/events-calendar-pro/src/resources/css/tribe-events-pro-mini-calendar-block.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' /><style id='filebird-block-filebird-gallery-style-inline-css' type='text/css'>ul.filebird-block-filebird-gallery{margin:auto!important;padding:0!important;width:100%}ul.filebird-block-filebird-gallery.layout-grid{display:grid;grid-gap:20px;align-items:stretch;grid-template-columns:repeat(var(--columns),1fr);justify-items:stretch}ul.filebird-block-filebird-gallery.layout-grid li img{border:1px solid #ccc;box-shadow:2px 2px 6px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.3);height:100%;max-width:100%;-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover;width:100%}ul.filebird-block-filebird-gallery.layout-masonry{-moz-column-count:var(--columns);-moz-column-gap:var(--space);column-gap:var(--space);-moz-column-width:var(--min-width);columns:var(--min-width) var(--columns);display:block;overflow:auto}ul.filebird-block-filebird-gallery.layout-masonry li{margin-bottom:var(--space)}ul.filebird-block-filebird-gallery li{list-style:none}ul.filebird-block-filebird-gallery li figure{height:100%;margin:0;padding:0;position:relative;width:100%}ul.filebird-block-filebird-gallery li figure figcaption{background:linear-gradient(0deg,rgba(0,0,0,.7),rgba(0,0,0,.3) 70%,transparent);bottom:0;box-sizing:border-box;color:#fff;font-size:.8em;margin:0;max-height:100%;overflow:auto;padding:3em .77em .7em;position:absolute;text-align:center;width:100%;z-index:2}ul.filebird-block-filebird-gallery li figure figcaption a{color:inherit}</style><style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'>:root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:root { --wp--style--global--content-size: 1300px;--wp--style--global--wide-size: 1300px; }:where(body) { margin: 0; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignleft { float: left; margin-right: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignright { float: right; margin-left: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .aligncenter { justify-content: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}.is-layout-flow > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-flow > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-flow > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-constrained > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.alignfull)){max-width: var(--wp--style--global--content-size);margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignwide{max-width: var(--wp--style--global--wide-size);}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body{padding-top: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;}:root :where(.wp-element-button, .wp-block-button__link){background-color: #32373c;border-width: 0;color: #fff;font-family: inherit;font-size: inherit;line-height: inherit;padding: calc(0.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);text-decoration: none;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;}</style><link rel='stylesheet' id='salient-social-css' href='https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/plugins/salient-social/css/style.css' type='text/css' media='all' /><style id='salient-social-inline-css' type='text/css'>.sharing-default-minimal .nectar-love.loved, body .nectar-social[data-color-override="override"].fixed > a:before, body .nectar-social[data-color-override="override"].fixed .nectar-social-inner a, .sharing-default-minimal .nectar-social[data-color-override="override"] .nectar-social-inner a:hover, .nectar-social.vertical[data-color-override="override"] .nectar-social-inner a:hover { background-color: #002e6d; } .nectar-social.hover .nectar-love.loved, .nectar-social.hover > .nectar-love-button a:hover, .nectar-social[data-color-override="override"].hover > div a:hover, #single-below-header .nectar-social[data-color-override="override"].hover > div a:hover, .nectar-social[data-color-override="override"].hover .share-btn:hover, .sharing-default-minimal .nectar-social[data-color-override="override"] .nectar-social-inner a { border-color: #002e6d; } #single-below-header .nectar-social.hover .nectar-love.loved i, #single-below-header .nectar-social.hover[data-color-override="override"] a:hover, #single-below-header .nectar-social.hover[data-color-override="override"] a:hover i, #single-below-header .nectar-social.hover .nectar-love-button a:hover i, .nectar-love:hover i, .hover .nectar-love:hover .total_loves, .nectar-love.loved i, .nectar-social.hover .nectar-love.loved .total_loves, .nectar-social.hover .share-btn:hover, .nectar-social[data-color-override="override"].hover .nectar-social-inner a:hover, .nectar-social[data-color-override="override"].hover > div:hover span, .sharing-default-minimal .nectar-social[data-color-override="override"] .nectar-social-inner a:not(:hover) i, .sharing-default-minimal .nectar-social[data-color-override="override"] .nectar-social-inner a:not(:hover) { color: #002e6d; }</style><link rel='stylesheet' id='font-awesome-css' href='https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/themes/hellopomelo/css/font-awesome.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='salient-grid-system-css' href='https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/themes/hellopomelo/css/build/grid-system.css' type='text/css' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='main-styles-css' href='https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/themes/hellopomelo/css/build/style.css' type='text/css' media='all' /><style id='main-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'>@media only screen and (max-width: 999px) and (min-width: 691px) { #page-header-bg .page-header-bg-image { background-image: url("https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023_ArticlesCommentariesMedia-Note-15-1024x1024.jpg")!important; } } @media only screen and (max-width: 690px) { #page-header-bg .page-header-bg-image { background-image: url("https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023_ArticlesCommentariesMedia-Note-15.jpg")!important; } }</style><link rel='stylesheet' id='nectar-header-layout-centered-menu-css' href='https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/themes/hellopomelo/css/build/header/header-layout-centered-menu.css' type='text/css' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='nectar-header-secondary-nav-css' href='https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/themes/hellopomelo/css/build/header/header-secondary-nav.css' type='text/css' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='nectar-single-styles-css' href='https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/themes/hellopomelo/css/build/single.css' type='text/css' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='nectar-element-post-grid-css' href='https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/themes/hellopomelo/css/build/elements/element-post-grid.css' type='text/css' media='all' /><style id='nectar-element-post-grid-inline-css' type='text/css'>.nectar-post-grid[data-grid-item-height="30vh"] .nectar-post-grid-item { min-height: 30vh; } .nectar-post-grid-wrap[data-style="content_under_image"] [data-grid-item-height="30vh"] .nectar-post-grid-item-bg { height: 30vh; } .nectar-post-grid[data-border-radius="5px"][data-text-layout="all_bottom_left_shadow"] .nectar-post-grid-item:before, .nectar-post-grid-wrap:not([data-style="content_under_image"]) .nectar-post-grid[data-border-radius="5px"] .nectar-post-grid-item .inner, .nectar-post-grid[data-border-radius="5px"] .bg-overlay, .nectar-post-grid[data-border-radius="5px"][data-shadow-hover="yes"] .nectar-post-grid-item:after, .nectar-post-grid[data-border-radius="5px"] .nectar-post-grid-item-bg, .nectar-post-grid[data-border-radius="5px"] .nectar-post-grid-item-bg-wrap, [data-style="mouse_follow_image"] .nectar-post-grid[data-border-radius="5px"] .nectar-post-grid-item-bg-wrap-inner, .nectar-post-grid[data-border-radius="5px"][data-text-layout="all_bottom_left_shadow"] .nectar-post-grid-item div.inner:before { border-radius: 5px; } .nectar-post-grid[data-border-radius="5px"] .nectar-post-grid-item-bg, .nectar-post-grid[data-border-radius="5px"] .nectar-post-grid-item-bg-wrap { overflow: hidden; } .nectar-post-grid[data-border-radius="5px"] .nectar-post-grid-item-bg-wrap { transform: translateZ(0); } [data-style="content_under_image"] .nectar-post-grid[data-border-radius="5px"] .nectar-post-grid-item__has-secondary .nectar-post-grid-item-bg, [data-style="content_under_image"] .nectar-post-grid[data-border-radius="5px"]:not([data-card="yes"]) .nectar-post-grid-item-bg-wrap, [data-style="content_under_image"] .nectar-post-grid[data-border-radius="5px"][data-lock-aspect="yes"]:not([data-card="yes"]) .img-wrap, [data-style="content_under_image"] .nectar-post-grid[data-border-radius="5px"][data-card="yes"] .nectar-post-grid-item, [data-style="content_under_image"] .nectar-post-grid[data-border-radius="5px"][data-shadow-hover="yes"][data-card="yes"] .nectar-post-grid-item:after { border-radius: 5px; } @media only screen and (max-width: 690px) { .vc_col-xs-4 .nectar-post-grid .nectar-post-grid-item .meta-excerpt, .vc_col-xs-6 .nectar-post-grid .nectar-post-grid-item .meta-excerpt { font-size: 12px; } .nectar-post-grid .nectar-post-grid-item .content .post-heading, .nectar-post-grid-wrap:not([data-style=content_overlaid]) .nectar-post-grid-item .content .meta-excerpt { max-width: 100%; } } .nectar-post-grid-wrap.additional-meta-size-small .nectar-post-grid-item__meta-wrap { font-size: 0.8em; }#ajax-content-wrap .nectar-post-grid[data-columns="1"] > .nectar-post-grid-item:nth-child(1) { margin-top: 0; } #ajax-content-wrap .nectar-post-grid[data-columns="1"] > .nectar-post-grid-item:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; } .wpb_row.full-width-content .vc_col-sm-12 .nectar-post-grid[data-grid-spacing="15px"] { margin: 15px; } .nectar-post-grid[data-grid-spacing="15px"] { margin-left: -15px; margin-right: -15px; } .nectar-post-grid[data-grid-spacing="15px"] .nectar-post-grid-item { margin: 15px; } @media only screen and (min-width: 1000px) { body[data-body-border="1"] .wpb_row.full-width-content .vc_col-sm-12 .nectar-post-grid[data-grid-spacing="15px"]{ margin: 15px -14px; } } .nectar-post-grid[data-columns="4"][data-grid-spacing="15px"] .nectar-post-grid-item { width: calc(25% - 30px); } .nectar-post-grid[data-columns="3"][data-grid-spacing="15px"] .nectar-post-grid-item { width: calc(33.32% - 30px); } .nectar-post-grid[data-columns="2"][data-grid-spacing="15px"] .nectar-post-grid-item { width: calc(50% - 30px); } @media only screen and (max-width: 999px) and (min-width: 691px) { body .nectar-post-grid[data-columns][data-grid-spacing="15px"]:not([data-columns="1"]):not([data-masonry="yes"]) .nectar-post-grid-item { width: calc(50% - 30px); } }@media only screen and (min-width: 1000px) { .nectar-post-grid.custom_font_size_20px .post-heading { font-size: 20px; } }@media only screen and (min-width: 1000px) { #ajax-content-wrap .custom_font_size_20px.nectar-post-grid .nectar-post-grid-item .post-heading, .custom_font_size_20px.nectar-post-grid .nectar-post-grid-item .post-heading { font-size: 20px; } }@media only screen and (min-width: 1000px) { #ajax-content-wrap .custom_font_size_20px.nectar-post-grid .nectar-post-grid-item .post-heading, .custom_font_size_20px.nectar-post-grid .nectar-post-grid-item .post-heading, #header-outer .custom_font_size_20px.nectar-post-grid .nectar-post-grid-item .post-heading { font-size: 20px; } }#ajax-content-wrap .font_line_height_1-3.nectar-post-grid .nectar-post-grid-item .post-heading, body .font_line_height_1-3.nectar-post-grid .nectar-post-grid-item .post-heading { line-height: 1.3; } .nectar-post-grid-item .bg-overlay[data-opacity="0.3"] { opacity: 0.3; } .nectar-post-grid-item:hover .bg-overlay[data-hover-opacity="0.4"] { opacity: 0.4; } .nectar-post-grid-wrap .category-position-overlaid .nectar-post-grid-item .content { position: static!important; } .nectar-post-grid-wrap .category-position-overlaid .nectar-post-grid-item .meta-category { position: absolute; width: calc(100% - 40px); z-index: 100; top: 20px; left: 20px; }#ajax-content-wrap .nectar-post-grid-wrap .category-position-overlaid .nectar-post-grid-item .meta-category a.style-underline, body .nectar-post-grid-wrap .category-position-overlaid .nectar-post-grid-item .meta-category a.style-underline { color: #fff; } #ajax-content-wrap .nectar-post-grid-wrap .category-position-overlaid .nectar-post-grid-item .meta-category a.style-underline:before, body .nectar-post-grid-wrap .category-position-overlaid .nectar-post-grid-item .meta-category a.style-underline:before { background-color: #fff; }.category-position-before-title.nectar-post-grid .nectar-post-grid-item .item-meta-extra { margin-top: 0; } .category-position-before-title .item-main > .nectar-post-grid-item__meta-wrap:not(:empty) { margin-top: 10px; } @media only screen and (min-width: 1000px) { .spacing-15px .nectar-post-grid-filters { padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 15px; } .full-width-content .span_12 .spacing-15px .nectar-post-grid-filters { padding-top: 30px; } } @media only screen and (max-width: 999px) { .spacing-15px .nectar-post-grid-filters { padding-bottom: 0; } } .nectar-archive-blog-wrap { display: flex; } .nectar-archive-blog-wrap .post-area { margin-top: 0; } body .nectar-archive-blog-wrap #sidebar { padding-left: 4%; width: 33%; } @media only screen and (max-width: 999px) { .nectar-archive-blog-wrap { flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 30px; } body .nectar-archive-blog-wrap .post-area, body .nectar-archive-blog-wrap #sidebar { width: 100%; padding-left: 0; } } .post-area #pagination { padding-left: 0; margin-top: 40px; }</style><link rel='stylesheet' id='nectar-element-fancy-unordered-list-css' href='https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/themes/hellopomelo/css/build/elements/element-fancy-unordered-list.css' type='text/css' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='nectar-element-wpb-column-border-css' href='https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/themes/hellopomelo/css/build/elements/element-wpb-column-border.css' type='text/css' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='nectar-element-recent-posts-css' href='https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/themes/hellopomelo/css/build/elements/element-recent-posts.css' type='text/css' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='nectar-basic-events-calendar-css' href='https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/themes/hellopomelo/css/build/third-party/events-calendar.css' type='text/css' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='nectar-brands-css' href='https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/themes/hellopomelo/css/nectar-brands.css' type='text/css' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='responsive-css' href='https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/themes/hellopomelo/css/build/responsive.css' type='text/css' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='select2-css' href='https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/themes/hellopomelo/css/build/plugins/select2.css' type='text/css' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='skin-material-css' href='https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/themes/hellopomelo/css/build/skin-material.css' type='text/css' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='salient-wp-menu-dynamic-css' href='https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/salient/menu-dynamic.css' type='text/css' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='nectar-widget-posts-css' href='https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/themes/hellopomelo/css/build/elements/widget-nectar-posts.css' type='text/css' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='dynamic-css-css' href='https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/themes/hellopomelo/css/salient-dynamic-styles.css' type='text/css' media='all' /><style id='dynamic-css-inline-css' type='text/css'>#ajax-content-wrap .blog-title #single-below-header > span{padding:0 20px 0 20px;}#page-header-bg[data-post-hs="default_minimal"] .inner-wrap{text-align:center}#page-header-bg[data-post-hs="default_minimal"] .inner-wrap >a,.material #page-header-bg.fullscreen-header .inner-wrap >a{color:#fff;font-weight:600;border:var(--nectar-border-thickness) solid rgba(255,255,255,0.4);padding:4px 10px;margin:5px 6px 0 5px;display:inline-block;transition:all 0.2s ease;-webkit-transition:all 0.2s ease;font-size:14px;line-height:18px}body.material #page-header-bg.fullscreen-header .inner-wrap >a{margin-bottom:15px;}body.material #page-header-bg.fullscreen-header .inner-wrap >a{border:none;padding:6px 10px}body[data-button-style^="rounded"] #page-header-bg[data-post-hs="default_minimal"] .inner-wrap >a,body[data-button-style^="rounded"].material #page-header-bg.fullscreen-header .inner-wrap >a{border-radius:100px}body.single [data-post-hs="default_minimal"] #single-below-header span,body.single .heading-title[data-header-style="default_minimal"] #single-below-header span{line-height:14px;}#page-header-bg[data-post-hs="default_minimal"] #single-below-header{text-align:center;position:relative;z-index:100}#page-header-bg[data-post-hs="default_minimal"] #single-below-header span{float:none;display:inline-block}#page-header-bg[data-post-hs="default_minimal"] .inner-wrap >a:hover,#page-header-bg[data-post-hs="default_minimal"] .inner-wrap >a:focus{border-color:transparent}#page-header-bg.fullscreen-header .avatar,#page-header-bg[data-post-hs="default_minimal"] .avatar{border-radius:100%}#page-header-bg.fullscreen-header .meta-author span,#page-header-bg[data-post-hs="default_minimal"] .meta-author span{display:block}#page-header-bg.fullscreen-header .meta-author img{margin-bottom:0;height:50px;width:auto}#page-header-bg[data-post-hs="default_minimal"] .meta-author img{margin-bottom:0;height:40px;width:auto}#page-header-bg[data-post-hs="default_minimal"] .author-section{position:absolute;bottom:30px}#page-header-bg.fullscreen-header .meta-author,#page-header-bg[data-post-hs="default_minimal"] .meta-author{font-size:18px}#page-header-bg.fullscreen-header .author-section .meta-date,#page-header-bg[data-post-hs="default_minimal"] .author-section .meta-date{font-size:12px;color:rgba(255,255,255,0.8)}#page-header-bg.fullscreen-header .author-section .meta-date i{font-size:12px}#page-header-bg[data-post-hs="default_minimal"] .author-section .meta-date i{font-size:11px;line-height:14px}#page-header-bg[data-post-hs="default_minimal"] .author-section .avatar-post-info{position:relative;top:-5px}#page-header-bg.fullscreen-header .author-section a,#page-header-bg[data-post-hs="default_minimal"] .author-section a{display:block;margin-bottom:-2px}#page-header-bg[data-post-hs="default_minimal"] .author-section a{font-size:14px;line-height:14px}#page-header-bg.fullscreen-header .author-section a:hover,#page-header-bg[data-post-hs="default_minimal"] .author-section a:hover{color:rgba(255,255,255,0.85)!important}#page-header-bg.fullscreen-header .author-section,#page-header-bg[data-post-hs="default_minimal"] .author-section{width:100%;z-index:10;text-align:center}#page-header-bg.fullscreen-header .author-section{margin-top:25px;}#page-header-bg.fullscreen-header .author-section span,#page-header-bg[data-post-hs="default_minimal"] .author-section span{padding-left:0;line-height:20px;font-size:20px}#page-header-bg.fullscreen-header .author-section .avatar-post-info,#page-header-bg[data-post-hs="default_minimal"] .author-section .avatar-post-info{margin-left:10px}#page-header-bg.fullscreen-header .author-section .avatar-post-info,#page-header-bg.fullscreen-header .author-section .meta-author,#page-header-bg[data-post-hs="default_minimal"] .author-section .avatar-post-info,#page-header-bg[data-post-hs="default_minimal"] .author-section .meta-author{text-align:left;display:inline-block;top:9px}@media only screen and (min-width :690px) and (max-width :999px){body.single-post #page-header-bg[data-post-hs="default_minimal"]{padding-top:10%;padding-bottom:10%;}}@media only screen and (max-width :690px){#ajax-content-wrap #page-header-bg[data-post-hs="default_minimal"] #single-below-header span:not(.rich-snippet-hidden),#ajax-content-wrap .row.heading-title[data-header-style="default_minimal"] .col.section-title span.meta-category{display:inline-block;}.container-wrap[data-remove-post-comment-number="0"][data-remove-post-author="0"][data-remove-post-date="0"] .heading-title[data-header-style="default_minimal"] #single-below-header > span,#page-header-bg[data-post-hs="default_minimal"] .span_6[data-remove-post-comment-number="0"][data-remove-post-author="0"][data-remove-post-date="0"] #single-below-header > span{padding:0 8px;}.container-wrap[data-remove-post-comment-number="0"][data-remove-post-author="0"][data-remove-post-date="0"] .heading-title[data-header-style="default_minimal"] #single-below-header span,#page-header-bg[data-post-hs="default_minimal"] .span_6[data-remove-post-comment-number="0"][data-remove-post-author="0"][data-remove-post-date="0"] #single-below-header span{font-size:13px;line-height:10px;}.material #page-header-bg.fullscreen-header .author-section{margin-top:5px;}#page-header-bg.fullscreen-header .author-section{bottom:20px;}#page-header-bg.fullscreen-header .author-section .meta-date:not(.updated){margin-top:-4px;display:block;}#page-header-bg.fullscreen-header .author-section .avatar-post-info{margin:10px 0 0 0;}}#page-header-bg h1,#page-header-bg .subheader,.nectar-box-roll .overlaid-content h1,.nectar-box-roll .overlaid-content .subheader,#page-header-bg #portfolio-nav a i,body .section-title #portfolio-nav a:hover i,.page-header-no-bg h1,.page-header-no-bg span,#page-header-bg #portfolio-nav a i,#page-header-bg span,#page-header-bg #single-below-header a:hover,#page-header-bg #single-below-header a:focus,#page-header-bg.fullscreen-header .author-section a{color:#ffffff!important;}body #page-header-bg .pinterest-share i,body #page-header-bg .facebook-share i,body #page-header-bg .linkedin-share i,body #page-header-bg .twitter-share i,body #page-header-bg .google-plus-share i,body #page-header-bg .icon-salient-heart,body #page-header-bg .icon-salient-heart-2{color:#ffffff;}#page-header-bg[data-post-hs="default_minimal"] .inner-wrap > a:not(:hover){color:#ffffff;border-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.4);}.single #page-header-bg #single-below-header > span{border-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.4);}body .section-title #portfolio-nav a:hover i{opacity:0.75;}.single #page-header-bg .blog-title #single-meta .nectar-social.hover > div a,.single #page-header-bg .blog-title #single-meta > div a,.single #page-header-bg .blog-title #single-meta ul .n-shortcode a,#page-header-bg .blog-title #single-meta .nectar-social.hover .share-btn{border-color:rgba(255,255,255,0.4);}.single #page-header-bg .blog-title #single-meta .nectar-social.hover > div a:hover,#page-header-bg .blog-title #single-meta .nectar-social.hover .share-btn:hover,.single #page-header-bg .blog-title #single-meta div > a:hover,.single #page-header-bg .blog-title #single-meta ul .n-shortcode a:hover,.single #page-header-bg .blog-title #single-meta ul li:not(.meta-share-count):hover > a{border-color:rgba(255,255,255,1);}.single #page-header-bg #single-meta div span,.single #page-header-bg #single-meta > div a,.single #page-header-bg #single-meta > div i{color:#ffffff!important;}.single #page-header-bg #single-meta ul .meta-share-count .nectar-social a i{color:rgba(255,255,255,0.7)!important;}.single #page-header-bg #single-meta ul .meta-share-count .nectar-social a:hover i{color:rgba(255,255,255,1)!important;}.no-rgba #header-space{display:none;}@media only screen and (max-width:999px){body #header-space[data-header-mobile-fixed="1"]{display:none;}#header-outer[data-mobile-fixed="false"]{position:absolute;}}@media only screen and (max-width:999px){body:not(.nectar-no-flex-height) #header-space[data-secondary-header-display="full"]:not([data-header-mobile-fixed="false"]){display:block!important;margin-bottom:-66px;}#header-space[data-secondary-header-display="full"][data-header-mobile-fixed="false"]{display:none;}}@media only screen and (min-width:1000px){#header-space{display:none;}.nectar-slider-wrap.first-section,.parallax_slider_outer.first-section,.full-width-content.first-section,.parallax_slider_outer.first-section .swiper-slide .content,.nectar-slider-wrap.first-section .swiper-slide .content,#page-header-bg,.nder-page-header,#page-header-wrap,.full-width-section.first-section{margin-top:0!important;}body #page-header-bg,body #page-header-wrap{height:148px;}body #search-outer{z-index:100000;}}@media only screen and (min-width:1000px){#page-header-wrap.fullscreen-header,#page-header-wrap.fullscreen-header #page-header-bg,html:not(.nectar-box-roll-loaded) .nectar-box-roll > #page-header-bg.fullscreen-header,.nectar_fullscreen_zoom_recent_projects,#nectar_fullscreen_rows:not(.afterLoaded) > div{height:100vh;}.wpb_row.vc_row-o-full-height.top-level,.wpb_row.vc_row-o-full-height.top-level > .col.span_12{min-height:100vh;}#page-header-bg[data-alignment-v="middle"] .span_6 .inner-wrap,#page-header-bg[data-alignment-v="top"] .span_6 .inner-wrap,.blog-archive-header.color-bg .container{padding-top:103px;}#page-header-wrap.container #page-header-bg .span_6 .inner-wrap{padding-top:0;}.nectar-slider-wrap[data-fullscreen="true"]:not(.loaded),.nectar-slider-wrap[data-fullscreen="true"]:not(.loaded) .swiper-container{height:calc(100vh + 2px)!important;}.admin-bar .nectar-slider-wrap[data-fullscreen="true"]:not(.loaded),.admin-bar .nectar-slider-wrap[data-fullscreen="true"]:not(.loaded) .swiper-container{height:calc(100vh - 30px)!important;}}@media only screen and (max-width:999px){#page-header-bg[data-alignment-v="middle"]:not(.fullscreen-header) .span_6 .inner-wrap,#page-header-bg[data-alignment-v="top"] .span_6 .inner-wrap,.blog-archive-header.color-bg .container{padding-top:50px;}.vc_row.top-level.full-width-section:not(.full-width-ns) > .span_12,#page-header-bg[data-alignment-v="bottom"] .span_6 .inner-wrap{padding-top:40px;}}@media only screen and (max-width:690px){.vc_row.top-level.full-width-section:not(.full-width-ns) > .span_12{padding-top:50px;}.vc_row.top-level.full-width-content .nectar-recent-posts-single_featured .recent-post-container > .inner-wrap{padding-top:40px;}}@media only screen and (max-width:999px) and (min-width:691px){#page-header-bg[data-alignment-v="middle"]:not(.fullscreen-header) .span_6 .inner-wrap,#page-header-bg[data-alignment-v="top"] .span_6 .inner-wrap,.vc_row.top-level.full-width-section:not(.full-width-ns) > .span_12{padding-top:90px;}}@media only screen and (max-width:999px){.full-width-ns .nectar-slider-wrap .swiper-slide[data-y-pos="middle"] .content,.full-width-ns .nectar-slider-wrap .swiper-slide[data-y-pos="top"] .content{padding-top:30px;}}@media only screen and (max-width:999px){.using-mobile-browser #nectar_fullscreen_rows:not(.afterLoaded):not([data-mobile-disable="on"]) > div{height:calc(100vh - 76px);}.using-mobile-browser .wpb_row.vc_row-o-full-height.top-level,.using-mobile-browser .wpb_row.vc_row-o-full-height.top-level > .col.span_12,[data-permanent-transparent="1"].using-mobile-browser .wpb_row.vc_row-o-full-height.top-level,[data-permanent-transparent="1"].using-mobile-browser .wpb_row.vc_row-o-full-height.top-level > .col.span_12{min-height:calc(100vh - 76px);}html:not(.nectar-box-roll-loaded) .nectar-box-roll > #page-header-bg.fullscreen-header,.nectar_fullscreen_zoom_recent_projects,.nectar-slider-wrap[data-fullscreen="true"]:not(.loaded),.nectar-slider-wrap[data-fullscreen="true"]:not(.loaded) .swiper-container,#nectar_fullscreen_rows:not(.afterLoaded):not([data-mobile-disable="on"]) > div{height:calc(100vh - 1px);}.wpb_row.vc_row-o-full-height.top-level,.wpb_row.vc_row-o-full-height.top-level > .col.span_12{min-height:calc(100vh - 1px);}body[data-transparent-header="false"] #ajax-content-wrap.no-scroll{min-height:calc(100vh - 1px);height:calc(100vh - 1px);}}.nectar-post-grid[data-grid-item-height="30vh"] .nectar-post-grid-item{min-height:30vh;}.nectar-post-grid-wrap[data-style="content_under_image"] [data-grid-item-height="30vh"] .nectar-post-grid-item-bg{height:30vh;}.nectar-post-grid[data-border-radius="5px"][data-text-layout="all_bottom_left_shadow"] .nectar-post-grid-item:before,.nectar-post-grid-wrap:not([data-style="content_under_image"]) .nectar-post-grid[data-border-radius="5px"] .nectar-post-grid-item .inner,.nectar-post-grid[data-border-radius="5px"] .bg-overlay,.nectar-post-grid[data-border-radius="5px"][data-shadow-hover="yes"] .nectar-post-grid-item:after,.nectar-post-grid[data-border-radius="5px"] .nectar-post-grid-item-bg,.nectar-post-grid[data-border-radius="5px"] .nectar-post-grid-item-bg-wrap,[data-style="mouse_follow_image"] .nectar-post-grid[data-border-radius="5px"] .nectar-post-grid-item-bg-wrap-inner,.nectar-post-grid[data-border-radius="5px"][data-text-layout="all_bottom_left_shadow"] .nectar-post-grid-item div.inner:before{border-radius:5px;}.nectar-post-grid[data-border-radius="5px"] .nectar-post-grid-item-bg,.nectar-post-grid[data-border-radius="5px"] .nectar-post-grid-item-bg-wrap{overflow:hidden;}.nectar-post-grid[data-border-radius="5px"] .nectar-post-grid-item-bg-wrap{transform:translateZ(0);}[data-style="content_under_image"] .nectar-post-grid[data-border-radius="5px"] .nectar-post-grid-item__has-secondary .nectar-post-grid-item-bg,[data-style="content_under_image"] .nectar-post-grid[data-border-radius="5px"]:not([data-card="yes"]) .nectar-post-grid-item-bg-wrap,[data-style="content_under_image"] .nectar-post-grid[data-border-radius="5px"][data-lock-aspect="yes"]:not([data-card="yes"]) .img-wrap,[data-style="content_under_image"] .nectar-post-grid[data-border-radius="5px"][data-card="yes"] .nectar-post-grid-item,[data-style="content_under_image"] .nectar-post-grid[data-border-radius="5px"][data-shadow-hover="yes"][data-card="yes"] .nectar-post-grid-item:after{border-radius:5px;}@media only screen and (max-width:690px){.vc_col-xs-4 .nectar-post-grid .nectar-post-grid-item .meta-excerpt,.vc_col-xs-6 .nectar-post-grid .nectar-post-grid-item .meta-excerpt{font-size:12px;}.nectar-post-grid .nectar-post-grid-item .content .post-heading,.nectar-post-grid-wrap:not([data-style=content_overlaid]) .nectar-post-grid-item .content .meta-excerpt{max-width:100%;}}.nectar-post-grid-wrap.additional-meta-size-small .nectar-post-grid-item__meta-wrap{font-size:.8em;}#ajax-content-wrap .nectar-post-grid[data-columns="1"] > .nectar-post-grid-item:nth-child(1){margin-top:0;}#ajax-content-wrap .nectar-post-grid[data-columns="1"] > .nectar-post-grid-item:last-child{margin-bottom:0;}.wpb_row.full-width-content .vc_col-sm-12 .nectar-post-grid[data-grid-spacing="15px"]{margin:15px;}.nectar-post-grid[data-grid-spacing="15px"]{margin-left:-15px;margin-right:-15px;}.nectar-post-grid[data-grid-spacing="15px"] .nectar-post-grid-item{margin:15px;}@media only screen and (min-width:1000px){body[data-body-border="1"] .wpb_row.full-width-content .vc_col-sm-12 .nectar-post-grid[data-grid-spacing="15px"]{margin:15px -14px;}}.nectar-post-grid[data-columns="4"][data-grid-spacing="15px"] .nectar-post-grid-item{width:calc(25% - 30px);}.nectar-post-grid[data-columns="3"][data-grid-spacing="15px"] .nectar-post-grid-item{width:calc(33.32% - 30px);}.nectar-post-grid[data-columns="2"][data-grid-spacing="15px"] .nectar-post-grid-item{width:calc(50% - 30px);}@media only screen and (max-width:999px) and (min-width:691px){body .nectar-post-grid[data-columns][data-grid-spacing="15px"]:not([data-columns="1"]):not([data-masonry="yes"]) .nectar-post-grid-item{width:calc(50% - 30px);}}@media only screen and (min-width:1000px){.nectar-post-grid.custom_font_size_20px .post-heading{font-size:20px;}}@media only screen and (min-width:1000px){#ajax-content-wrap .custom_font_size_20px.nectar-post-grid .nectar-post-grid-item .post-heading,.custom_font_size_20px.nectar-post-grid .nectar-post-grid-item .post-heading{font-size:20px;}}@media only screen and (min-width:1000px){#ajax-content-wrap .custom_font_size_20px.nectar-post-grid .nectar-post-grid-item .post-heading,.custom_font_size_20px.nectar-post-grid .nectar-post-grid-item .post-heading,#header-outer .custom_font_size_20px.nectar-post-grid .nectar-post-grid-item .post-heading{font-size:20px;}}#ajax-content-wrap .font_line_height_1-3.nectar-post-grid .nectar-post-grid-item .post-heading,body .font_line_height_1-3.nectar-post-grid .nectar-post-grid-item .post-heading{line-height:1.3;}.nectar-post-grid-item .bg-overlay[data-opacity="0.3"]{opacity:0.3;}.nectar-post-grid-item:hover .bg-overlay[data-hover-opacity="0.4"]{opacity:0.4;}.nectar-post-grid-wrap .category-position-overlaid .nectar-post-grid-item .content{position:static!important;}.nectar-post-grid-wrap .category-position-overlaid .nectar-post-grid-item .meta-category{position:absolute;width:calc(100% - 40px);z-index:100;top:20px;left:20px;}#ajax-content-wrap .nectar-post-grid-wrap .category-position-overlaid .nectar-post-grid-item .meta-category a.style-underline,body .nectar-post-grid-wrap .category-position-overlaid .nectar-post-grid-item .meta-category a.style-underline{color:#fff;}#ajax-content-wrap .nectar-post-grid-wrap .category-position-overlaid .nectar-post-grid-item .meta-category a.style-underline:before,body .nectar-post-grid-wrap .category-position-overlaid .nectar-post-grid-item .meta-category a.style-underline:before{background-color:#fff;}.category-position-before-title.nectar-post-grid .nectar-post-grid-item .item-meta-extra{margin-top:0;}.category-position-before-title .item-main > .nectar-post-grid-item__meta-wrap:not(:empty){margin-top:10px;}@media only screen and (min-width:1000px){.spacing-15px .nectar-post-grid-filters{padding-bottom:0;padding-top:15px;}.full-width-content .span_12 .spacing-15px .nectar-post-grid-filters{padding-top:30px;}}@media only screen and (max-width:999px){.spacing-15px .nectar-post-grid-filters{padding-bottom:0;}}.screen-reader-text,.nectar-skip-to-content:not(:focus){border:0;clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute!important;width:1px;word-wrap:normal!important;}.row .col img:not([srcset]){width:auto;}.row .col img.img-with-animation.nectar-lazy:not([srcset]){width:100%;} :root { --accent: #002e6d; --secondary: #876d4b; --header-border-color: #ccd8e2; --lightblue: #e1eff6; --extra-color-3: #ccd8e2; --headerfont: "proxima-nova", sans-serif; --bodyfont: "proxima-nova", sans-serif; --boxshadow: rgba(0,0,0,.04) 0 1px 0,rgba(0,0,0,.05) 0 2px 7px,rgba(0,0,0,.06) 0 12px 22px; --mobile-padding: 10%; --tec-color-accent-primary: #002e6d !important; } ::selection { background: #ccd8e2; } /* width */ ::-webkit-scrollbar { width: 10px; } /* Track */ ::-webkit-scrollbar-track { background: transparent !important; } /* Handle */ ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { background: var(--accent); } /* Handle on hover */ ::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover { background: var(--secondary); } /* Background */ .contain .using-image { background-size: contain; } .no-repeat .using-image { background-repeat: no-repeat; } body.archive, body.archive .container-wrap, .tribe-events-view, #tribe-events-pg-template { background: #fff; } p.credit {text-align:right; margin-top: -160px; z-index: 9999; margin-right: 60px; } p.credit img {display: inline;} p.credit a { color: rgba(0,0,0,0.1);text-decoration:none; } .bold, b, strong { font-family: var(--bodyfont); font-weight: 600; } .row .col.section-title h1, .row .col.section-title h2 { font-family: var(--headerfont) !important; font-weight: 600; } /* BUTTONS */ /* CSS */ .nectar-button { position: relative; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; padding: 0 1.3333333333rem; background-color: #d3d3d3; border-radius: 7px; transition: background-color .6s cubic-bezier(0.075, 0.82, 0.165, 1),color .6s cubic-bezier(0.075, 0.82, 0.165, 1) !important; height: 3.7333333333rem; box-shadow: 0px 0px 50px 0px rgba(0,0,0,.1); color: #fff; overflow: hidden; transform: translateZ(0); margin:0; outline: 0; border: 0; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-transform: none; font: inherit; line-height: normal; cursor: pointer; } .nectar-button.regular:before { content: ""; position: absolute; top: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; left: 0; transform: scaleX(0); transition: transform .6s cubic-bezier(0.075, 0.82, 0.165, 1); transform-origin: center right; background-color: var(--secondary); } .nectar-button.extra-color-1:before { content: ""; position: absolute; top: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; left: 0; transform: scaleX(0); transition: transform .6s cubic-bezier(0.075, 0.82, 0.165, 1); transform-origin: center right; background-color: var(--accent); } .nectar-button.see-through-2:before { content: ""; position: absolute; top: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; left: 0; transform: scaleX(0); transition: transform .6s cubic-bezier(0.075, 0.82, 0.165, 1); transform-origin: center right; background-color: var(--secondary); } .col.light .nectar-button.see-through-2:hover { border-color: var(--secondary) !important; background-color: transparent !important; } .nectar-button.see-through-3:before { content: ""; position: absolute; top: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; left: 0; transform: scaleX(0); transition: transform .6s cubic-bezier(0.075, 0.82, 0.165, 1); transform-origin: center right; background-color: var(--secondary); } .nectar-button:hover:before { transform: scaleX(1); transform-origin: center left; } .nectar-button:hover, .forminator-button:hover, .forminator-button-next:hover { -ms-transform: translateY(0px) !important; transform: translateY(0px) !important; -webkit-transform: translateY(0px) !important; } .nectar-button.regular.accent-color:hover span, .nectar-button.regular.accent-color:hover i, .forminator-button:hover span, .forminator-button-next:hover, .forminator-button:hover { transition: opacity 0.3s ease-in !important; } .nectar-button.regular.extra-color-1:hover span, .nectar-button.regular.extra-color-1:hover i { transition: opacity 0.3s ease-in !important; } .nectar-button.regular:after, .forminator-button:after { background-color: #FFFFFF; } .nectar-button.regular span, .forminator-button span, .forminator-button-next, .forminator-button { z-index: 2; position: relative; } .main-menu.nectar-button { padding-top: 16px !important; padding-left: 25px!important; margin-left:0!important; height: 50px !important; } .main-menu.nectar-button span { padding-left: 10px; } .nectar-button.see-through.instance-0:after { background: transparent !important; } .forminator-button-next { z-index: 2; } .forminator-ui .forminator-button { padding:22px 26px 22px 24px !important; position: relative; display: inline-flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; padding: 0 1.3333333333rem; background-color: var(--accent); border-radius: 7px; transition: background-color .6s cubic-bezier(0.075, 0.82, 0.165, 1),color .6s cubic-bezier(0.075, 0.82, 0.165, 1) !important; height: 3.7333333333rem; box-shadow: 0px 0px 50px 0px rgba(0,0,0,.1); color: #fff; overflow: hidden; transform: translateZ(0); margin:0; outline: 0; border: 0; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-transform: none; font: inherit; line-height: normal; cursor: pointer; } /*.forminator-button-submit:before { content: "" !important; position: absolute !important; top: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; left: 0; transform: scaleX(0) !important; transition: transform .6s cubic-bezier(0.075, 0.82, 0.165, 1) !important; transform-origin: center right !important; background-color: var(--secondary) !important; color: #fff !important; }*/ .forminator-button:hover:before { transform: scaleX(1) !important; transform-origin: center left !important; } .forminator-ui .forminator-button { font-size: 1rem !important; } body, p, span, a, p strong { font-family: var(--bodyfont) !important; font-style: normal; } /* Heading titles */ h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6, h1 span,h2 span,h3 span,h4 span,h5 span,h6 span, .sf-menu span, .rsmail .button.btn.btn-primary { font-family: var(--bodyfont); font-style: normal; } #top nav > ul > li[class*="button_solid_color"] > a:before, #header-outer.transparent #top nav > ul > li[class*="button_solid_color"] > a:before, #header-outer #top .slide-out-widget-area-toggle[data-custom-color="true"] a:before { height: 40px; } /* OFF MENU */ #slide-out-widget-area.fullscreen-split .right-side { align-items: flex-start !important; } #slide-out-widget-area.fullscreen-split .right-side-inner { align-self: flex-start !important; } #slide-out-widget-area.fullscreen-split .left-side { justify-content: center; } /* FOOTER */ #footer ul.menu li { list-style: none !important; padding: 5px 0; } #footer ul.menu {margin-left: 0;} p.credit {text-align:right; font-size: 14px; } p.credit img {display: inline;} p.credit a { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.5);text-decoration:none; opacity: 0.3; } .blog-posts .post-header .title { font-size: 18px !important; line-height: 1.4 !important; } .posts-container .inner-wrap, .blog-recent .inner-wrap { border-radius:0 !important; } .blog-recent .inner-wrap { box-shadow: none !important; } .blog-recent .post-featured-img { max-height: 159px; } .blog-recent .meta-category { display: none; } .blog-recent { margin-bottom:0 !important; padding-bottom:0 !important; } .blog-recent .post { transition: all .5s ease; } .blog-recent .post:focus, .blog-recent .post:hover { box-shadow: 10px 10px 0 0 rgb(0 0 0 / 10%); } .conservation .inner-wrap, .conservation .article-content-wrap { background-color:#113628 !important; } .conservation h3.title { color:#fff !important; } #header-secondary-outer { background: #232323; } #header-secondary-outer a span, #header-secondary-outer i { color: #fff !important; font-weight: 300; text-transform: uppercase; font-size: 11px; letter-spacing: 1px; } .rsmail, #rsm_subscribe108 { display: flex; margin: 0 auto; } #rsm_email108 { border-radius: 30px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; padding: 10px 30px; min-width: 400px; } .rsmail .button.btn.btn-primary { border-radius: 30px; border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; border: 0; padding: 10px 30px; text-transform: uppercase; background-color: #fff; color: #002d62; } #menu-footer-menu li, .footer p { border-top: 1px solid rgba(255,255,255,0.1) !important; font-size: 14px; line-height: 2; padding: 5px 0; } #menu-footer-menu li:first-child, .footer p:first-child { border-top: 0 !important; } #menu-footer-menu li a:hover, .footer p:hover { transition: all .15s ease-in-out !important; } .item-active { color: #ffd204 !important; } .masonry.classic_enhanced .masonry-blog-item .article-content-wrap, .blog-recent[data-style*="classic_enhanced"] .article-content-wrap { padding:0; padding-top: 20px; } .company-section .using-image { background-size: 80%; } g#worldmap { opacity: 0.5; } /* Testimonial */ .nectar_single_testimonial[data-style="bold"] p{ font-size:36px; line-height:140%; } .nectar_single_testimonial[data-style="bold"] p span{ margin-bottom: -70px; margin-top: -30px; } .home .large-featured-post-title { text-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,.5); } .nectar-recent-posts-single_featured .inner-wrap { width:70%; } #boxed .nectar-recent-posts-single_featured .recent-post-container, .nectar-recent-posts-single_featured .recent-post-container { padding-bottom: 7% !important; } .recent-post-container.container { padding-left: 12%; padding-right: 12%; } /* NEWS POSTS */ .meta-category .style-underline, .nectar-post-grid-item__meta-wrap .meta-date, .nectar-post-grid-item__meta-wrap .meta-reading-time { font-size: 0.8rem; color: var(--accent) !important; font-weight: 600; text-transform: uppercase; } .category-position-before-title.nectar-post-grid .nectar-post-grid-item .item-meta-extra { font-size: 1rem; } .nectar-post-grid-item__excerpt-wrap.item-meta-extra .meta-excerpt { color: #333 !important; } .nectar-post-grid[data-text-hover-color=dark] .nectar-underline .post-heading { background-image: linear-gradient(to right, var(--accent) 0, var(--accent) 100%); } .nectar-post-grid-wrap[data-style=content_under_image] .nectar-post-grid[data-shadow-hover=yes][data-card=yes] .nectar-post-grid-item:hover:after { box-shadow: 0 2px 20px rgba(30,30,30,.15) !important; } .nectar-post-grid-wrap .load-more-wrap { margin-top: 30px !important; } .nectar-post-grid-item-bg-wrap { border-bottom-left-radius: 0 !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0 !important; } .nectar-post-grid-wrap[data-style="content_under_image"] [data-grid-item-height="30vh"] .nectar-post-grid-item-bg { height: 26vh; } .nectar-hor-list-item { padding: 13px 22px; } .nectar-post-grid-wrap:not([data-style=content_overlaid]) .nectar-post-grid-item .content .meta-excerpt { max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.4; } .nectar-recent-post-bg { background-position: center top !important; } .nectar-event-date { margin-top: 10px; color: var(--accent) !important; font-weight: 600; text-transform: uppercase; font-size: 0.9rem; } .nectar-event-venue { font-weight: 600; text-transform: uppercase; font-size: 0.9rem; } .nectar-event-details { margin-top: 20px; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: .7em; align-items: center; pointer-events: none; } .nectar-post-grid .nectar-event-details>span:not(:nth-child(1)):before { height: 2px; width: 2px; display: block; background-color: currentColor; border-radius: 100px; margin-right: .7em; content: ''; } .page-submenu .full-width-section { border-bottom: 1px solid #e8eaef; } .page-headers .wpb_wrapper { display: flex; justify-content: space-between; flex-wrap: wrap; height: 600px; padding: 10% 0 0; } .page-headers .wpb_wrapper div {width: 100%; } .page-headers h1 {margin-bottom: 20px !important;} .icon-breadcrumbs { margin: 0 10px; background: transparent !important; } .subtitle { margin-bottom: 10px !important; padding-left: 5px; } .team-member img { border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: var(--boxshadow); } .row .col .team-member h4 { font-size: 22px; } .row .col .team-member p.description, .team-member p.description { padding: 0; margin: 0; border-bottom: 0; border-top: 0; color: #555; font-size: 16px; } .row .col .team-member .position { font-weight: 700; color: var(--accent); font-size: 16px; } .wpb_gallery .nectar-flickity .flickity-slider .cell .item-meta p { color: #8d9aaf; padding-left: 30px; border-left: 15px solid var(--accent); } body .row .toggle .toggle-title, body .toggle .toggle-title a { font-size: 20px !important; font-weight: 500 !important; color: black; } /* EVENTS */ @media (min-width: 768px) { .tribe-events-back, .tribe-events-content p:last-child { margin-bottom: 0; } .tribe-events-schedule { margin: var(--tec-spacer-1) 0 var(--tec-spacer-3); } .tribe-events-event-image img { width: 100%; height: auto; } } .tribe-events-sub-nav li { list-style-type: none; } .tribe-events-schedule h2 { font-weight: 700; color: var(--accent); } /* Pricing */ .pricing-table[data-style=flat-alternative] ul li { line-height: 1.5; } .nectar_single_testimonial { font-family: var(--bodyfont); font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.4; letter-spacing: 0; } /* Form */ .forminator-checkbox-label { color: #000 !important; } body[data-fancy-form-rcs="1"] .fancy-select-wrap label, .forminator-label { color: var(--accent) !important; font-weight: 700; font-size: 14px; } body[data-fancy-form-rcs="1"] .fancy-select-wrap { padding-top: 0; } .et-db #et-boc .et_pb_module .forminator-ui.forminator-custom-form[data-design=default] select.forminator-select2+.forminator-select .selection span[role=combobox].select2-selection--single, .forminator-ui.forminator-custom-form[data-design=default] select.forminator-select2+.forminator-select .selection span[role=combobox].select2-selection--single { border-color: var(--extra-color-3); } .et-db #et-boc .et_pb_module .forminator-ui.forminator-custom-form[data-design=default] .forminator-error-message, .forminator-ui.forminator-custom-form[data-design=default] .forminator-error-message { font-size: 0.8rem; line-height: 1.3 !important; } .forminator-ui .forminator-button { padding: 22px 36px 22px 34px !important; } .forminator-ui .forminator-button:hover { color: #fff !important; -webkit-box-shadow: 0; box-shadow: 0; } /* Blogs */ #page-header-bg .subheader { font-size: 18px; padding-bottom: 20px; } .blog_next_prev_buttons {margin-top: 0px;} .container-wrap #author-bio #author-info p { max-width: 100%; opacity: .7; line-height: 1.4em; font-size: 15px;} .container-wrap #author-bio #author-info {width: 90% !important; } #author-bio { background: rgba(0,0,0,0.04); padding: 20px 30px; margin-bottom: 2%; } .post .content-inner {padding-bottom: 4%;} .container-wrap #author-bio #author-info h3 { font-size: 25px; padding-bottom: 10px;} /* Form */ .forminator-error-message { font-size: 0.9rem; } .forminator-row { margin-top: 5px; } .forminator-button.forminator-button-submit { margin-top: 20px !important; color: #fff !important; } .forminator-button.forminator-button-submit:hover { background: var(--secondary) !important; } .forminator-textarea--wrap textarea { background: transparent !important; } .select2-results { background: #fff !important; } .forminator-select.forminator-select-dropdown-container--open .forminator-select-dropdown.forminator-dropdown--material .select2-results .select2-results__options .select2-results__option { border-bottom: 1px solid #ccd8e2; transition: .5s; } .select2-results__option:hover { background: rgba(204,216,226,0.35); } /* SITEMAP */ .wsp-pages-title { display: none; } .wsp-pages-list { margin-top:4%; } .wsp-pages-list li { list-style-type: none; } .wsp-pages-list > li { margin-top: 15px; } .wsp-pages-list ul ul { margin-top: 10px; } .wsp-pages-list > li > ul { margin-top: 1rem; } .wsp-pages-list ul li { position: relative; } .wsp-pages-list ul li::before { content: ""; display: inline-block; width: 1rem; height: 100%; border-left: 1px #ccc solid; position: absolute; top: -0.75rem; } .wsp-pages-list ul li::before { content: ""; display: inline-block; width: 1rem; height: 1.5rem; border-bottom: 1px #ccc solid; position: absolute; top: -0.75rem; } .wsp-pages-list li:first-child { border-top: 0; } .wsp-pages-list > li > a { font-weight: bold; } .wsp-pages-list ul li a { padding-left: 30px; } .wpb_gallery .nectar-flickity .flickity-slider .cell .item-meta .title { display: none; } body.material #slide-out-widget-area[class*=slide-out-from-right] .off-canvas-menu-container li { line-height: 2; } .nectar-recent-post-slide { display: flex; } .recent-post-container.container { align-self: flex-end; } #page-header-bg h1, .nectar-box-roll .overlaid-content h1 { font-family: var(--headerfont); } .nectar-button.regular:after, .forminator-button:after { background-color: transparent; } .nectar-button.regular:after, .forminator-button:after, body.material #slide-out-widget-area[class*="slide-out-from-right"] .off-canvas-menu-container li a:after { border-color: transparent; } /*events*/ #tribe-events-pg-template { width: 100%; } .tribe-events-event-image img { display: block; width: 100%; height: auto; } /* reports */ .report-template-default .blog_next_prev_buttons { display: none !important; } .single-report-row.post-area { display: flex; gap: 50px; align-items: center; max-width: 800px; margin: 2% auto 0 auto; } .single-report-row .report-heading { text-transform: uppercase; font-size: 0.8rem; letter-spacing: 1px; color: var(--accent); font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: 10px; } .single-report-row .report-content { margin-bottom: 24px; } #password-page { margin-bottom: 5%; } #password-page .using-image { background-image: url('/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/ASEAN-1-scaled.jpg'); } .passcode-input { display: flex; max-width: 500px; } .breadcrumb_last stronmg { font-family: var(--bodyfont) !important; } #pwbox-12512 { background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.1) !important; height: 60px; font-family: var(--bodyfont) !important; } .password-btn { height: 60px; font-family: var(--bodyfont) !important; text-transform: uppercase; border-radius-top-left: 0 !important; border-radius-bottom-left: 0 !important; } .membership-msg { margin-top: 15px; } .tribe-events-single ul.tribe-related-events li .tribe-related-event-info { padding-left: 4%; padding-bottom: 2%; } .forminator-ui .forminator-button.forminator-button-upload { padding: 11px 18px 11px 18px !important } /* Events */ .tribe-common--breakpoint-medium.tribe-events .tribe-events-l-container { padding-bottom: 0; } .type-tribe_event_series .post-featured-img { display: none; } .sml_namelabel, .sml_emaillabel { display: none; } .sml_subscribe { display: flex; justify-content: center; } .sml_nameinput { border-radius: 30px !important; border-top-right-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px !important; padding: 10px 20px !important; min-width: 200px; border-right: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.2) !important; } .sml_nameinput::placeholder, .sml_emailinput::placeholder { color: #fff !important; opacity: 1 !important; } .btn.sml_submitbtn { border: 0; padding: 10px 20px; text-transform: uppercase; background-color: #fff; color: #002d62; height: 45px; border-top-left-radius: 0px !important; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px !important; } .btn.sml_submitbtn:hover { background: var(--secondary) !important; color: #fff !important; } .forminator-checkbox__label.forminator-consent__label p { padding-bottom:0; } body #header-secondary-outer[data-lhe=animated_underline] nav>.sf-menu>li:not([class*=button_])>a .menu-title-text:after { border-width: 0px; } .tribe-events-pro-venue__meta-featured-image-wrapper { display: none !important; } .tribe-events-pro-venue__meta-details { padding: 10% 5% !important; min-height: 400px; } @media only screen and (min-width: 1001px) { .nectar-flickity[data-controls*=arrows_overlaid]:not(.masonry) .flickity-viewport { margin: 24px 0 !important; } } @media only screen and (max-width: 1389px) { #header-outer #top .sf-menu > .sf-with-ul > a { font-size: 13px; } .nectar-responsive-text.breadcrumb { margin-top: 50px; margin-bottom:0; } } @media only screen and (max-width: 1260px) { #header-outer #top .sf-menu > .sf-with-ul > a, #header-outer[data-lhe="animated_underline"] #top nav > ul > li > a { font-size: 12px; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 1151px) and (max-width: 1231px) { .sf-sub-indicator { display: none; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 1001px) and (max-width: 1280px) { /* Small desktops */ #menu-item-11879 .nectar-button { display: none; } .off-canvas-menu-container.mobile-only .nectar-button { margin-top: 15px; } .nectar-post-grid-wrap[data-style=content_under_image] .nectar-post-grid[data-card=yes] .nectar-post-grid-item .content { padding: max(7%, 10px); } .page-headers .wpb_wrapper { padding-top: 15%; } #ajax-content-wrap .font_size_desktop_60px.nectar-recent-posts-element .large-featured-post-title, .font_size_desktop_60px.nectar-recent-posts-element .large-featured-post-title { font-size: 30px !important; } .nectar-recent-posts-single_featured.multiple_featured>.container .controls { display: none; } .vc_col-md-9, .vc_col-sm-9 { width: 65%; } .vc_col-md-9 + .vc_col-md-3, .vc_col-sm-9 +.vc_col-sm-3 { width: 35%; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 1000px) and (max-width: 1024px) { #ajax-content-wrap .custom_font_size_20px.nectar-post-grid .nectar-post-grid-item .post-heading, .custom_font_size_20px.nectar-post-grid .nectar-post-grid-item .post-heading { font-size: 16px; } #ajax-content-wrap .font_line_height_1-3.nectar-post-grid .nectar-post-grid-item .post-heading, .nectar-post-grid-wrap:not([data-style=content_overlaid]) .content .item-main { line-height: 1.2; } .category-position-before-title.nectar-post-grid .nectar-post-grid-item .item-meta-extra, .nectar-post-grid .nectar-post-grid-item__meta-wrap>span:not(:nth-child(1)):before { display: none; } body .container-wrap .inner_row[data-column-margin="50px"] .child_column { padding-left: 15px; padding-right: 15px; } } @media only screen and (max-width: 1024px) and (min-width: 768px) { .team-col .wpb_column { width: 33%; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 1000px) and (max-width: 1600px) { #ajax-content-wrap .font_size_desktop_60px.nectar-recent-posts-element .large-featured-post-title, .font_size_desktop_60px.nectar-recent-posts-element .large-featured-post-title { font-size: 45px; } .nectar-recent-posts-single_featured .controls { margin-top: 130px; } #header-outer[data-lhe="animated_underline"] #top nav > ul > li > a { margin-left: 12px; margin-right: 12px; } #header-outer #logo img, #header-outer .logo-clone img, #header-outer .logo-spacing img { height: 36px; } .sf-menu.sf-js-enabled.sf-arrows { margin-right: 20px !important; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 1000px) { .home .flickity-page-dots { display: none; } } @media only screen and (min-width: 1000px) and (max-width: 1180px) { /* ipad air */ #ajax-content-wrap .custom_font_size_20px.nectar-post-grid .nectar-post-grid-item .post-heading, .custom_font_size_20px.nectar-post-grid .nectar-post-grid-item .post-heading, #header-outer .custom_font_size_20px.nectar-post-grid .nectar-post-grid-item .post-heading { font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.3; } #slide-out-widget-area.slide-out-from-right-hover .inner-wrap>.inner .off-canvas-menu-container .menu > li { margin: 25px 0 !important; } } @media only screen and (max-width: 1366px) { /* iPad pro */ .nectar-post-grid .nectar-event-details>span:not(:nth-child(1)):before { display: none; } } @media only screen and (max-width: 1024px) { .row .col .team-member h4 { font-size: 17px; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 10px; } .row .col .team-member .position { line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 15px; } .row .col .team-member p.description, .team-member p.description { line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: 15px; } #slide-out-widget-area[data-dropdown-func=separate-dropdown-parent-link] .off-canvas-menu-container li ul, .material #slide-out-widget-area[class*=slide-out-from-right] .off-canvas-menu-container li ul { margin-top: 10px; } } @media only screen and (max-width: 999px) { .full-width-content .vc_col-sm-12 .nectar-recent-posts-single_featured .recent-post-container, .full-width-content .vc_col-sm-12 .nectar-recent-posts-single_featured.multiple_featured>.container { padding-left: 10%; padding-right: 10%; } #boxed .nectar-recent-posts-single_featured[data-padding="14%"] .recent-post-container, .nectar-recent-posts-single_featured[data-padding="14%"] .recent-post-container { padding-top: 25%; padding-bottom: 25%; } .tabbed[data-style*=vertical] .wpb_tabs_nav li { font-size: 16px; } .tabbed[data-style*=vertical] .wpb_tabs_nav { text-align: left; width: 40%; } .tabbed[data-style*=vertical]>div { width: 60%; padding-left: 30px; } .nectar-flickity[data-controls*=arrows_overlaid]:not(.masonry) .flickity-viewport {margin: 0 !important;} #ajax-content-wrap .container-wrap .nectar-post-grid .nectar-post-grid-item .post-heading, .container-wrap .font_size_tablet_17px.nectar-post-grid .nectar-post-grid-item .post-heading { font-size: 17px !important; } .nectar-post-grid-wrap .load-more-wrap {margin: 10px 0 !important;} .nectar-flickity.nectar-carousel.nectar-carousel:not(.masonry) .flickity-viewport { margin-top: 30px; } .nectar-carousel-flickity-fixed-content .nectar-button { margin-top: 0; } .single-report-row.post-area { display: block; } .single-report-row.post-area .vc_col-sm-6 { width: 100%; } } @media only screen and (max-width: 768px) { body[data-bg-header=true].archive .container-wrap { padding-top: 0 !important; } .nectar-recent-posts-single_featured.multiple_featured>.container .controls { text-align: center; margin: 0 auto; width: 100%; } #rsm_email108 { max-width: 85%; min-width: auto; } .page-headers .wpb_wrapper { height: 400px; } #password-page.page-headers .wpb_wrapper { height: 100vh; } #password-page { margin-bottom: 0 !important; } .nectar-flickity[data-control-style=material_pagination] .flickity-page-dots, .nectar-flickity[data-controls=material_pagination] .flickity-page-dots { bottom: -55px; text-align: center !important; margin: 0 auto; width: 100%; } .row .col h5, body h5, #slide-out-widget-area .nectar-ext-menu-item .inherit-h5, #ajax-content-wrap .nectar-inherit-h5 { line-height: 1.3; } div[data-style="minimal"] .toggle > .toggle-title a { padding: 15px 70px 15px 0; } body.single-post.material[data-bg-header=true] .container-wrap { padding-top: 10% !important; } .material .related-post-wrap h3.related-title { padding-top: 7%; } } @media only screen and (max-width: 690px) { .vc_row.top-level.full-width-content .nectar-recent-posts-single_featured .recent-post-container > .inner-wrap { padding-top: 24px; padding-left: 5%; padding-right: 5%; } p.credit {text-align:right; margin-top: -150px; z-index: 9999; margin-right: 20px;line-height:1;} p.credit img {display: inline; width: 70px; margin-top: -10px; } p.credit a { color: rgba(255,255,255,0.2);text-decoration:none; font-size: 12px; } .nectar-hor-list-item .nectar-list-item[data-text-align=left] { padding-right: 0; } .team-col .wpb_column { width: 50%; } .nectar-flickity:not(.masonry) .flickity-viewport { overflow: visible !important; } .clients.no-carousel img { max-height: 70px; text-align: center; } .tabbed[data-style*=vertical] .wpb_tabs_nav { text-align: left; width: 100%; } .tabbed[data-style*=vertical]>div { width: 100%; padding-left: 0px; } #slide-out-widget-area.slide-out-from-right-hover .inner-wrap>.inner .off-canvas-menu-container li { line-height: 2 !important; } p.credit { margin-right: 0; margin-top: -30px; background: var(--accent); text-align: center; padding-bottom: 30px; } #slide-out-widget-area.slide-out-from-right-hover .inner-wrap>.inner .off-canvas-menu-container li:last-child { margin-top: 24px; } #slide-out-widget-area.slide-out-from-right-hover .menu-title-text { font-size: 16px; } } @media only screen and (min-device-width: 1024px) and (max-device-width: 1366px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.5) and (orientation: portrait) { /* Styles for iPad Pro in portrait */ .nectar-post-grid-wrap[data-style="content_under_image"] [data-grid-item-height="30vh"] .nectar-post-grid-item-bg { height: 15vh; } }</style><link rel='stylesheet' id='salient-child-style-css' href='https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/themes/hellopomelo-child/style.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=GT-MQJ5MSL" id="google_gtagjs-js" defer data-deferred="1"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="google_gtagjs-js-after" src="data:text/javascript;base64,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" defer></script> <script></script><meta name="generator" content="Site Kit by Google 1.146.0" /><meta name="generator" content="webp-uploads 2.5.0"><meta name="et-api-version" content="v1"><meta name="et-api-origin" content="https://siiaonline.org"><link rel="https://theeventscalendar.com/" href="https://siiaonline.org/wp-json/tribe/tickets/v1/" /><meta name="tec-api-version" content="v1"><meta name="tec-api-origin" content="https://siiaonline.org"><link rel="alternate" href="https://siiaonline.org/wp-json/tribe/events/v1/" /><script type="text/javascript" src="data:text/javascript;base64,dmFyIHJvb3Q9ZG9jdW1lbnQuZ2V0RWxlbWVudHNCeVRhZ05hbWUoImh0bWwiKVswXTtyb290LnNldEF0dHJpYnV0ZSgiY2xhc3MiLCJqcyIp" defer></script><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://use.typekit.net/eso4tpx.css"><meta name="generator" content="Powered by WPBakery Page Builder - drag and drop page builder for WordPress."/><link rel="icon" href="https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/cropped-siia-favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" /><link rel="icon" href="https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/cropped-siia-favicon-192x192.png" sizes="192x192" /><link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/cropped-siia-favicon-180x180.png" /><meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/cropped-siia-favicon-270x270.png" /> <noscript><style>.wpb_animate_when_almost_visible { opacity: 1; }</style></noscript></head><body class="post-template-default single single-post postid-11592 single-format-standard tribe-no-js tec-no-tickets-on-recurring tec-no-rsvp-on-recurring nectar-auto-lightbox material wpb-js-composer js-comp-ver-7.8.1 vc_responsive tribe-theme-hellopomelo" data-footer-reveal="false" data-footer-reveal-shadow="none" data-header-format="centered-menu" data-body-border="off" data-boxed-style="" data-header-breakpoint="1290" data-dropdown-style="minimal" data-cae="easeOutCubic" data-cad="750" data-megamenu-width="contained" data-aie="none" data-ls="fancybox" data-apte="standard" data-hhun="0" data-fancy-form-rcs="1" data-form-style="minimal" data-form-submit="default" data-is="minimal" data-button-style="slightly_rounded_shadow" data-user-account-button="false" data-flex-cols="true" data-col-gap="default" data-header-inherit-rc="false" data-header-search="true" data-animated-anchors="true" data-ajax-transitions="false" data-full-width-header="true" data-slide-out-widget-area="true" data-slide-out-widget-area-style="slide-out-from-right-hover" data-user-set-ocm="off" data-loading-animation="spin" data-bg-header="true" data-responsive="1" data-ext-responsive="true" data-ext-padding="90" data-header-resize="1" data-header-color="custom" data-cart="false" data-remove-m-parallax="1" data-remove-m-video-bgs="1" data-m-animate="1" data-force-header-trans-color="light" data-smooth-scrolling="0" data-permanent-transparent="false" > <script type="text/javascript" src="data:text/javascript;base64,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" defer></script><a href="#ajax-content-wrap" class="nectar-skip-to-content">Skip to main content</a><div class="ocm-effect-wrap"><div class="ocm-effect-wrap-inner"><div id="header-space" data-header-mobile-fixed='1'></div><div id="header-outer" data-has-menu="true" data-has-buttons="yes" data-header-button_style="default" data-using-pr-menu="true" data-mobile-fixed="1" data-ptnm="false" data-lhe="animated_underline" data-user-set-bg="#ffffff" data-format="centered-menu" data-permanent-transparent="false" data-megamenu-rt="1" data-remove-fixed="0" data-header-resize="1" data-cart="false" data-transparency-option="" data-box-shadow="large" data-shrink-num="10" data-using-secondary="1" data-using-logo="1" data-logo-height="50" data-m-logo-height="40" data-padding="28" data-full-width="true" data-condense="false" data-transparent-header="true" data-transparent-shadow-helper="false" data-remove-border="true" class="transparent"><div id="header-secondary-outer" class="centered-menu" data-mobile="default" data-remove-fixed="0" data-lhe="animated_underline" data-secondary-text="false" data-full-width="true" data-mobile-fixed="1" data-permanent-transparent="false" ><div class="container"><nav><ul id="social"><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://twitter.com/siia_tweet"><span class="screen-reader-text">x-twitter</span><i class="icon-salient-x-twitter" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://www.facebook.com/think.siia"><span class="screen-reader-text">facebook</span><i class="fa fa-facebook" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/singapore-institute-of-international-affairs/?originalSubdomain=sg"><span class="screen-reader-text">linkedin</span><i class="fa fa-linkedin" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://siiaonline.org/feed/rss/"><span class="screen-reader-text">RSS</span><i class="fa fa-rss" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a></li></ul><ul class="sf-menu"><li id="menu-item-11755" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-11755"><a href="tel:+6567349600"><span class="menu-title-text">Call Us (65) 6734 9600</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-11756" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-11756"><a href="mailto:membership@siiaonline.org"><span class="menu-title-text">Email Us</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-13601" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-13601"><a href="/contact-us/"><span class="menu-title-text">Contact Us</span></a></li></ul></nav></div></div><div id="search-outer" class="nectar"><div id="search"><div class="container"><div id="search-box"><div class="inner-wrap"><div class="col span_12"><form role="search" action="https://siiaonline.org/" method="GET"> <input type="text" name="s" id="s" value="" aria-label="Search" placeholder="Search" /> <input type="hidden" name="post_type" value="post"></form></div></div></div><div id="close"><a href="#"><span class="screen-reader-text">Close Search</span> <span class="close-wrap"> <span class="close-line close-line1"></span> <span class="close-line close-line2"></span> </span> </a></div></div></div></div><header id="top"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col span_3"> <a id="logo" href="https://siiaonline.org" data-supplied-ml-starting-dark="false" data-supplied-ml-starting="false" data-supplied-ml="false" > <img class="stnd skip-lazy" width="" height="" alt="Singapore Institute of International Affairs" src="https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/SIIA-logo-colour-1.svg" /><img class="starting-logo skip-lazy" width="" height="" alt="Singapore Institute of International Affairs" src="https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/SIIA-logo-white-1.svg" /><img class="starting-logo dark-version skip-lazy" width="" height="" alt="Singapore Institute of International Affairs" src="https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/SIIA-logo-colour-1.svg" /> </a></div><div class="col span_9 col_last"><div class="nectar-mobile-only mobile-header"><div class="inner"></div></div> <a class="mobile-search" href="#searchbox"><span class="nectar-icon icon-salient-search" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">search</span></a><div class="slide-out-widget-area-toggle mobile-icon slide-out-from-right-hover" data-custom-color="false" data-icon-animation="simple-transform"><div> <a href="#slide-out-widget-area" role="button" aria-label="Navigation Menu" aria-expanded="false" class="closed"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Menu</span><span aria-hidden="true"> <i class="lines-button x2"> <i class="lines"></i> </i> </span> </a></div></div><nav aria-label="Main Menu"><ul class="sf-menu"><li id="menu-item-11875" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children nectar-regular-menu-item sf-with-ul menu-item-11875"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/about-us/" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"><span class="menu-title-text">About</span><span class="sf-sub-indicator"><i class="fa fa-angle-down icon-in-menu" aria-hidden="true"></i></span></a><ul class="sub-menu"><li id="menu-item-12939" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-12939"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/about-us/"><span class="menu-title-text">About Us</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-12347" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-12347"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/about-us/annual-reports/"><span class="menu-title-text">Annual Reports</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-12348" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-12348"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/about-us/our-network/"><span class="menu-title-text">Our Network</span></a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-11743" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children nectar-regular-menu-item megamenu nectar-megamenu-menu-item align-left width-50 sf-with-ul menu-item-11743"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"><span class="menu-title-text">Our Work</span><span class="sf-sub-indicator"><i class="fa fa-angle-down icon-in-menu" aria-hidden="true"></i></span></a><ul class="sub-menu"><li id="menu-item-12227" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children nectar-regular-menu-item megamenu-column-padding-default menu-item-12227"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/programmes/" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"><span class="menu-title-text nectar-inherit-h6">Programmes</span><span class="sf-sub-indicator"><i class="fa fa-angle-right icon-in-menu" aria-hidden="true"></i></span></a><ul class="sub-menu"><li id="menu-item-12226" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-12226"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/programmes/asean/"><span class="menu-title-text">ASEAN</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-12225" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-12225"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/programmes/sustainability/"><span class="menu-title-text">Sustainability</span></a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-12260" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children nectar-regular-menu-item megamenu-column-padding-default menu-item-12260"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/publications/" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"><span class="menu-title-text nectar-inherit-h6">Publications</span><span class="sf-sub-indicator"><i class="fa fa-angle-right icon-in-menu" aria-hidden="true"></i></span></a><ul class="sub-menu"><li id="menu-item-12261" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-12261"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/publications/#specialreports"><span class="menu-title-text">Reports and Conference Highlights</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-13843" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-13843"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/category/insights/"><span class="menu-title-text">Insights</span></a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-11745" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children nectar-regular-menu-item sf-with-ul menu-item-11745"><a href="/events" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"><span class="menu-title-text">Events</span><span class="sf-sub-indicator"><i class="fa fa-angle-down icon-in-menu" aria-hidden="true"></i></span></a><ul class="sub-menu"><li id="menu-item-11746" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-11746"><a href="/events"><span class="menu-title-text">Events Calendar</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-12932" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-12932"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/events-faqs/"><span class="menu-title-text">FAQs</span></a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-12536" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children nectar-regular-menu-item megamenu nectar-megamenu-menu-item align-left width-50 sf-with-ul menu-item-12536"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"><span class="menu-title-text">Membership</span><span class="sf-sub-indicator"><i class="fa fa-angle-down icon-in-menu" aria-hidden="true"></i></span></a><ul class="sub-menu"><li id="menu-item-12505" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children nectar-regular-menu-item megamenu-column-padding-default menu-item-12505"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/membership/" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"><span class="menu-title-text nectar-inherit-h6">Membership</span><span class="sf-sub-indicator"><i class="fa fa-angle-right icon-in-menu" aria-hidden="true"></i></span></a><ul class="sub-menu"><li id="menu-item-12537" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-12537"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/membership/#membershiptiers"><span class="menu-title-text">Membership Tiers</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-12509" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-12509"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/membership/faqs/"><span class="menu-title-text">FAQs</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-12504" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-12504"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/membership/apply-now/"><span class="menu-title-text">Apply Now</span></a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-12541" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children nectar-regular-menu-item megamenu-column-padding-default menu-item-12541"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/membership/premium-resources/" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"><span class="menu-title-text nectar-inherit-h6">Premium Resources</span><span class="sf-sub-indicator"><i class="fa fa-angle-right icon-in-menu" aria-hidden="true"></i></span></a><ul class="sub-menu"><li id="menu-item-13557" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-13557"><a href="/membership/premium-resources/#chairmans-notes"><span class="menu-title-text">Chairman’s Notes</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-13558" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-13558"><a href="/membership/premium-resources/#country-updates"><span class="menu-title-text">Country Updates</span></a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-12458" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children nectar-regular-menu-item sf-with-ul menu-item-12458"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/advisory/" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"><span class="menu-title-text">Advisory</span><span class="sf-sub-indicator"><i class="fa fa-angle-down icon-in-menu" aria-hidden="true"></i></span></a><ul class="sub-menu"><li id="menu-item-12460" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-12460"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/advisory/#topics"><span class="menu-title-text">Topics</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-12461" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-12461"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/advisory/#faqs"><span class="menu-title-text">FAQs</span></a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-12438" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children nectar-regular-menu-item sf-with-ul menu-item-12438"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/news/" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"><span class="menu-title-text">News</span><span class="sf-sub-indicator"><i class="fa fa-angle-down icon-in-menu" aria-hidden="true"></i></span></a><ul class="sub-menu"><li id="menu-item-13186" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor current-menu-parent current-post-parent nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-13186"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/category/commentaries/"><span class="menu-title-text">Commentaries</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-12441" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-12441"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/category/press-release/"><span class="menu-title-text">Press Release</span></a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-12477" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children nectar-regular-menu-item sf-with-ul menu-item-12477"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/be-involved/" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"><span class="menu-title-text">Be Involved</span><span class="sf-sub-indicator"><i class="fa fa-angle-down icon-in-menu" aria-hidden="true"></i></span></a><ul class="sub-menu"><li id="menu-item-12478" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-12478"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/be-involved/donate-to-the-siia/"><span class="menu-title-text">Donate</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-13036" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-13036"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/careers/"><span class="menu-title-text">Careers</span></a></li></ul></li></ul><ul class="buttons sf-menu" data-user-set-ocm="off"><li id="menu-item-11879" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-11879"><a href="#"><span class="menu-title-text"><a class="main-menu nectar-button large regular accent-color has-icon regular-button" role="button" style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; visibility: visible;" href="https://siiaonline.org/be-involved/donate-to-the-siia/" data-color-override="false" data-hover-color-override="false" data-hover-text-color-override="#fff"><span>Donate</span></a> <a class="main-menu nectar-button large regular extra-color-1 has-icon regular-button" role="button" style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; visibility: visible; padding-left:50px !important;" href="https://siiaonline.org/events" data-color-override="false" data-hover-color-override="false" data-hover-text-color-override="#fff"><i class="fa fa-calendar" aria-hidden="true" style="left:5px !important; transform: translateY(-56%) translateX(4px);"></i><span>Events</span></a></span></a></li><li id="search-btn"><div><a href="#searchbox"><span class="icon-salient-search" aria-hidden="true"></span><span class="screen-reader-text">search</span></a></div></li></ul></nav><div class="logo-spacing" data-using-image="true"><img class="hidden-logo" alt="Singapore Institute of International Affairs" width="" height="" src="https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/SIIA-logo-colour-1.svg" /></div></div></div></div></header></div><div id="ajax-content-wrap"><div id="page-header-wrap" data-animate-in-effect="none" data-midnight="light" class="" style="height: 550px;"><div id="page-header-bg" class="not-loaded hentry" data-post-hs="default_minimal" data-padding-amt="normal" data-animate-in-effect="none" data-midnight="light" data-text-effect="" data-bg-pos="center" data-alignment="left" data-alignment-v="middle" data-parallax="0" data-height="550" style="height:550px;"><div class="page-header-bg-image-wrap" id="nectar-page-header-p-wrap" data-parallax-speed="fast"><div class="page-header-bg-image" style="background-image: url(https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023_ArticlesCommentariesMedia-Note-15.jpg);"></div></div><div class="container"><img loading="lazy" class="hidden-social-img" src="https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023_ArticlesCommentariesMedia-Note-15.jpg" alt="The Straits Times: Biden-Xi Summit – Beyond Hello and a Handshake" style="display: none;" /><div class="row"><div class="col span_6 section-title blog-title" data-remove-post-date="0" data-remove-post-author="1" data-remove-post-comment-number="0"><div class="inner-wrap"><a class="commentaries" href="https://siiaonline.org/category/commentaries/">Commentaries</a><h1 class="entry-title">The Straits Times: Biden-Xi Summit – Beyond Hello and a Handshake</h1><div id="single-below-header" data-hide-on-mobile="false"> <span class="meta-author vcard author"><span class="fn"><span class="author-leading">By</span> <a href="https://siiaonline.org/author/siia-membership-admin/" title="Posts by SIIA Membership Admin" rel="author">SIIA Membership Admin</a></span></span><span class="meta-date date published">November 6, 2023</span><span class="meta-date date updated rich-snippet-hidden">November 28th, 2023</span><span class="meta-comment-count"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/the-straits-times-biden-xi-summit-beyond-hello-and-a-handshake/#respond">No Comments</a></span><span class="meta-reading-time">8 min read</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="container-wrap no-sidebar" data-midnight="dark" data-remove-post-date="0" data-remove-post-author="1" data-remove-post-comment-number="0"><div class="container main-content"><div class="row"><div class="post-area col standard-minimal span_12 col_last" role="main"><article id="post-11592" class="post-11592 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail category-commentaries"><div class="inner-wrap"><div class="post-content" data-hide-featured-media="0"><div class="content-inner"><p>Expectations are rising about a meeting between <a href="https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/hopes-are-for-us-china-to-build-confidence-at-expected-xi-biden-meet-ng-eng-hen" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">United States President Joe Biden and China’s leader Xi Jinping in mid-November</span>.</a></p><p>“We’re aiming to have a constructive conversation, meeting between the leaders in San Francisco in November,” White House press secretary Karine Jean-Pierre said recently of the long-awaited talks. The plan is for it to take place on the sidelines of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (Apec) Summit, scheduled to run from Nov 11 to 17.</p><p>Although the Chinese side has yet to officially confirm a meeting between the two leaders, much rests on the outcome of a face-to-face encounter between Mr Biden and Mr Xi.</p><div class="ads clearleft"><div id="dfp-ad-imu1-wrapper" class="dfp-tag-wrapper"><div id="dfp-ad-imu1" class="dfp-tag-wrapper greywash" data-google-query-id="CLzcuMfQ5YIDFSHRcwEdckcPww"><p>The two men have had no contact since <a href="https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/us-s-joe-biden-china-s-xi-jinping-meet-for-first-time-since-start-of-covid-19-pandemic" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">Nov 22, 2022, during the Group of 20 summit in Bali</span>. </a>The last time Mr Xi was in the US was in 2017, when President Donald Trump was new in office. Not long after, American trade sanctions followed, and ties plunged into a phase marked by acrimony and mutual finger-pointing, without regular dialogues to manage differences.</p><p>Given that many key underlying issues remain unresolved, what can we expect of a “constructive conversation” between Mr Xi and Mr Biden in San Francisco?</p><p><strong>New dynamics</strong></p><p>To tackle the question, we need to look at what has happened since<a href="https://www.straitstimes.com/world/united-states/xi-trump-summit-trump-says-will-have-very-very-great-relationship-with-xi" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Mr Xi’s meeting with Mr Trump in 2017</span>.</a></p><p>Since then, the Biden team has diligently and effectively cultivated closer ties with countries across the Indo-Pacific – centred on strategic and defence cooperation. Outreach efforts include India, Japan, Australia, South Korea, Vietnam and the Philippines. This comes on top of combinations like <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/australianz/checking-china-what-is-the-quad-alliance" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">the Quad</a></span> with India, Japan and Australia, and <a href="https://www.straitstimes.com/world/united-states/major-takeaways-from-us-japan-south-korea-summit" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">the Camp David meeting</span> </a>that triangulated Japan and South Korea. Ties with Taiwan, too, have notably stepped up.</p><p>While some are already traditional allies, with the two Asean members – the Philippines and Vietnam – there were significant upgrades. <a href="https://www.straitstimes.com/world/us-and-vietnam-ink-historic-partnership-in-biden-visit-with-eyes-on-china" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">President Biden’s visit to Hanoi</span> </a>elevated the relationship to a comprehensive strategic partnership. Following Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos Jr’s visit to the US, agreements were reached to <a href="https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/philippines-expands-us-access-to-military-bases-officials" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"><span style="text-decoration: underline;">give the US additional access to military bases</span>.</a></p><p>In toto, the Biden administration has reinforced the latticework of ties with countries around China. They need not amount to a Cold War alliance or containment strategy. But the clear signal is that the US remains present and engaged, and is indeed welcomed.</p><p>The other key shift is economic. Over the past year, since exiting near absolute lockdown, China’s economy has underperformed and shown signs of stress. In contrast, the American economy just reported its strongest numbers in over a decade. This recalibrates expectations about China’s perpetual growth and American decline.</p><p>No one should count out China. Nor are these recent diplomatic shifts in the region necessarily binary and implacably committed to oppose China. But these dynamics are palpable.</p><p>They can even be helpful to restore a balance in Sino-American ties.</p><p>Consider why the relationship turned negative.</p><p>One factor is the American belief that China is out-competing and overtaking the US, and by unfair means. Another factor is that China seemed to be overly ambitious and assertive, even aggressive. In this context, a more self-assured US and a less strident post-pandemic China are not a terrible thing.</p><p>The late paramount leader Deng Xiaoping advised that China “hide our capacities, bide our time, keep a low profile, and never claim leadership”. Today’s China cannot go back to those edicts. But other parts of what Mr Deng said still ring as relevant in a tumultuous world, especially to “secure our position, cope with affairs calmly”.</p><p><strong>Domestic factors</strong></p><p>There will be obstacles to achieving significant outcomes from a Biden-Xi summit. Much relates to domestic politics.</p><p>Mr Biden faces a presidential election in 2024, and is entering the long season of campaigning with poor numbers. There is nothing to be gained from being perceived as soft on China.</p><p>Anti-China sentiments have seeped into American thinking, including among ordinary voters and the labour movement – a core constituency for Mr Biden and the Democrats.</p><p>Boosters for Mr Biden may want to tout how he has been tough, thorough, and able to restart dialogue on terms that the US considers fair.</p><p>Yet, conversely, President Xi must be cautious about any sense that he is kowtowing to the Americans. While serving a record third term, he must reckon with his own domestic audience and Chinese pride.</p><p>One particular red flag issue could be Taiwan, which is already in electioneering mode, leading up to its presidential election in early 2024. Since the Trump-Xi summit, Taiwan’s future has drawn the US and China into increasingly fraught territory, stoked by increased military shows of force by the Chinese, and provocative rhetoric and actions by US politicians. Neither Mr Biden nor Mr Xi could be seen to back down from their countries’ position on Taiwan.</p><p><strong>High hopes are necessary</strong></p><p>There are, therefore, sensitivities that need to be managed. But what could such a meeting accomplish, if anything?</p><p>There are at least three clusters of issues, in ascending order of hope and ambition.</p><p>Perhaps the easiest could be about Apec. In past summits, China and the US have bickered over statements. Avoiding an impasse would be a small but positive result, especially as the US is hosting.</p><p>The two could move forward on wider issues related to climate, economic growth and inequality, inflation, and debt. These have been usefully discussed between ministers and could be amplified in the larger Apec gathering.</p><p>A second degree of difficulty concerns bilateral trade sanctions. These were initiated by Mr Trump and continued under the Biden administration. Even though sanctions have hurt both sides, it would take courage for the Biden administration to change course and, most certainly, any move must not be couched as a concession to China.</p><p>Rather, it needs to be spun as a result of the Biden administration’s steps forward on a wide swathe of issues on supply chains, data chips and near-shoring, as well as strategic initiatives. The claim would be that Mr Biden has done what Mr Trump would have tweeted but never accomplished. Therefore, this has brought China back to the table in a fairer way.</p><p>A third cluster of issues must be the management of two big conflicts – ongoing in Ukraine and emergent as<a href="https://www.straitstimes.com/world/middle-east/sirens-warning-of-incoming-rockets-sound-around-gaza-near-tel-aviv" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener"> <span style="text-decoration: underline;">Israel retaliates against the Hamas</span>.</a> These are the most immediately important issues to resolve and also the most difficult.</p><p>Yet, there are prospects for Sino-American dialogue, especially to prevent escalation in the Middle East.</p><p>It is to be expected that China has taken up a different rhetorical approach on Israel’s actions. But fundamentally, both Beijing and Washington have similar concerns about a broadening conflict. They need to act in concert – even if in different ways and words – to stem the conflict from embroiling Saudi Arabia and Iran. This is a key and fast-moving risk. The effects of a broader conflict will reverberate beyond the Middle East, affecting the wider interests of both the US and China.</p><p>In October, Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi let on that the road to talks between Mr Xi and Mr Biden in San Francisco was still “not smooth”. But at a Washington event hosted by the Aspen Strategy Group, Mr Wang also said that “both sides hope to stabilise and improve bilateral relations as soon as possible”.</p><p>Mr Wang’s remarks illuminate both the difficulties of achieving a breakthrough in talks as well as an interest in being able to shift to a new phase of Sino-US relations. Given how consequential the relationship is to the rest of the world, much rests on the hope that when Mr Biden and Mr Xi meet, their dialogue goes beyond a hello and a handshake.</p><hr /><p><em><strong>Simon Tay</strong> is chairman of the Singapore Institute of International Affairs (SIIA).</em></p><p><em>This <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="https://www.straitstimes.com/opinion/biden-xi-summit-beyond-hello-and-a-handshake" target="_blank" rel="noopener">article</a></span> was first published on 6 November 2023 in The Straits Times.</em></p><p><em><b>Source: The Straits Times © SPH Media Limited. Permission required for reproduction.</b></em></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></article></div></div><div class="row"><div data-post-header-style="default_minimal" class="blog_next_prev_buttons vc_row-fluid wpb_row full-width-content standard_section" data-style="fullwidth_next_prev" data-midnight="light"><ul class="controls"><li class="previous-post "><div class="post-bg-img" data-nectar-img-src="https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/15th-AAF-2023-CH.jpg"></div><a href="https://siiaonline.org/conference-highlights-15th-asean-asia-forum-aaf/" aria-label="Conference Highlights: 15th ASEAN & Asia Forum (AAF)"></a><h3><span>Previous Post</span><span class="text">Conference Highlights: 15th ASEAN & Asia Forum (AAF) <svg class="next-arrow" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="0 0 39 12"><line class="top" x1="23" y1="-0.5" x2="29.5" y2="6.5" stroke="#ffffff;"></line><line class="bottom" x1="23" y1="12.5" x2="29.5" y2="5.5" stroke="#ffffff;"></line></svg><span class="line"></span></span></h3></li><li class="next-post "><div class="post-bg-img" data-nectar-img-src="https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/015A7468-1-scaled.jpg"></div><a href="https://siiaonline.org/technology-and-civil-discourse-for-another-golden-age-minister-balakrishnan/" aria-label="Technology and civil discourse for another golden age: Minister Balakrishnan"></a><h3><span>Next Post</span><span class="text">Technology and civil discourse for another golden age: Minister Balakrishnan <svg class="next-arrow" aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="0 0 39 12"><line class="top" x1="23" y1="-0.5" x2="29.5" y2="6.5" stroke="#ffffff;"></line><line class="bottom" x1="23" y1="12.5" x2="29.5" y2="5.5" stroke="#ffffff;"></line></svg><span class="line"></span></span></h3></li></ul></div><div class="row vc_row-fluid full-width-section related-post-wrap post-loop-builder" data-midnight="dark"><h3 class="related-title">Related Posts</h3><div class='nectar-post-grid-wrap text-color-dark additional-meta-size-small spacing-15px' data-el-settings='{"post_type":"post"}' data-query='{"post_type":"post"}' data-style='content_under_image'><div class="nectar-post-grid custom_font_size_20px card_hover_color_ category-position-before-title " data-indicator="" data-indicator-style="default" data-indicator-text-color="#fff" data-indicator-color="#000" data-indicator-text="View" data-masonry="false" data-columns="3" data-hover-effect="animated_underline" data-text-style="default" data-border-radius="5px" data-grid-item-height="30vh" data-grid-spacing="15px" data-text-layout="top_left" data-text-color="dark" data-text-hover-color="dark" data-shadow-hover="yes" data-animation="none" data-animation-stagger="100" data-cat-click="default" data-lock-aspect="" data-text-align="left" data-card="" style="--post-grid-border-radius:5px;" ><div class="nectar-post-grid-item nectar-underline" data-post-id="11617" data-has-img="true"><div class="inner"><div class="nectar-post-grid-item-bg-wrap"><div class="nectar-post-grid-item-bg-wrap-inner"><a class="bg-wrap-link" aria-label="BKHS: Capitalising on the “Connectivity Contest” to Reshape Globalisation" href="https://siiaonline.org/bkhs-capitalising-on-the-connectivity-contest-to-reshape-globalisation/"></a><div class="nectar-post-grid-item-bg"><img class="nectar-lazy skip-lazy" src="data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D'http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg'%20viewBox%3D'0%200%201080%201080'%2F%3E" alt="" height="1080" width="1080" data-nectar-img-src="https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023_ArticlesCommentariesMedia-Note-18-1024x1024.jpg" data-nectar-img-srcset="https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023_ArticlesCommentariesMedia-Note-18-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023_ArticlesCommentariesMedia-Note-18-300x300.jpg 300w, https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023_ArticlesCommentariesMedia-Note-18-150x150.jpg 150w, https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023_ArticlesCommentariesMedia-Note-18-570x570.jpg 570w, https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023_ArticlesCommentariesMedia-Note-18-500x500.jpg 500w, https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023_ArticlesCommentariesMedia-Note-18-1000x1000.jpg 1000w, https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023_ArticlesCommentariesMedia-Note-18-700x700.jpg 700w, https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023_ArticlesCommentariesMedia-Note-18.jpg 1080w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></div></div></div><div class="content"><a class="nectar-post-grid-link" href="https://siiaonline.org/bkhs-capitalising-on-the-connectivity-contest-to-reshape-globalisation/" aria-label="BKHS: Capitalising on the “Connectivity Contest” to Reshape Globalisation"></a><span class="meta-category"><a class="commentaries style-underline" href="https://siiaonline.org/category/commentaries/">Commentaries</a></span><div class="item-main"><h3 class="post-heading"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/bkhs-capitalising-on-the-connectivity-contest-to-reshape-globalisation/"><span>BKHS: Capitalising on the “Connectivity Contest” to Reshape Globalisation</span></a></h3><div class="nectar-post-grid-item__excerpt-wrap item-meta-extra"><span class="meta-excerpt">Globalisation connotes massive flows of people, goods, services and capital, resulting in increased integration and…</span></div><span class="nectar-post-grid-item__meta-wrap"><span class="meta-date">November 30, 2023</span><span class="meta-reading-time">6 min</span></span></div></div></div></div><div class="nectar-post-grid-item nectar-underline" data-post-id="11590" data-has-img="true"><div class="inner"><div class="nectar-post-grid-item-bg-wrap"><div class="nectar-post-grid-item-bg-wrap-inner"><a class="bg-wrap-link" aria-label="The Business Times: An SEZ with Johor could be a Game Changer" href="https://siiaonline.org/the-business-times-an-sez-with-johor-could-be-a-game-changer/"></a><div class="nectar-post-grid-item-bg"><img class="nectar-lazy skip-lazy" src="data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D'http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg'%20viewBox%3D'0%200%201080%201080'%2F%3E" alt="" height="1080" width="1080" data-nectar-img-src="https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023_ArticlesCommentariesMedia-Note-14-1024x1024.jpg" data-nectar-img-srcset="https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023_ArticlesCommentariesMedia-Note-14-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023_ArticlesCommentariesMedia-Note-14-300x300.jpg 300w, https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023_ArticlesCommentariesMedia-Note-14-150x150.jpg 150w, https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023_ArticlesCommentariesMedia-Note-14-570x570.jpg 570w, https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023_ArticlesCommentariesMedia-Note-14-500x500.jpg 500w, https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023_ArticlesCommentariesMedia-Note-14-1000x1000.jpg 1000w, https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023_ArticlesCommentariesMedia-Note-14-700x700.jpg 700w, https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023_ArticlesCommentariesMedia-Note-14.jpg 1080w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></div></div></div><div class="content"><a class="nectar-post-grid-link" href="https://siiaonline.org/the-business-times-an-sez-with-johor-could-be-a-game-changer/" aria-label="The Business Times: An SEZ with Johor could be a Game Changer"></a><span class="meta-category"><a class="commentaries style-underline" href="https://siiaonline.org/category/commentaries/">Commentaries</a></span><div class="item-main"><h3 class="post-heading"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/the-business-times-an-sez-with-johor-could-be-a-game-changer/"><span>The Business Times: An SEZ with Johor could be a Game Changer</span></a></h3><div class="nectar-post-grid-item__excerpt-wrap item-meta-extra"><span class="meta-excerpt">When the leaders of Singapore and Malaysia met at end-October, a broad agenda appropriately reflected…</span></div><span class="nectar-post-grid-item__meta-wrap"><span class="meta-date">November 21, 2023</span><span class="meta-reading-time">8 min</span></span></div></div></div></div><div class="nectar-post-grid-item nectar-underline" data-post-id="11580" data-has-img="true"><div class="inner"><div class="nectar-post-grid-item-bg-wrap"><div class="nectar-post-grid-item-bg-wrap-inner"><a class="bg-wrap-link" aria-label="The Business Times: Haze and the Business Heat" href="https://siiaonline.org/the-business-times-haze-and-the-business-heat/"></a><div class="nectar-post-grid-item-bg"><img class="nectar-lazy skip-lazy" src="data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D'http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg'%20viewBox%3D'0%200%201080%201080'%2F%3E" alt="" height="1080" width="1080" data-nectar-img-src="https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023_ArticlesCommentariesMedia-Note-12-1024x1024.jpg" data-nectar-img-srcset="https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023_ArticlesCommentariesMedia-Note-12-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023_ArticlesCommentariesMedia-Note-12-300x300.jpg 300w, https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023_ArticlesCommentariesMedia-Note-12-150x150.jpg 150w, https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023_ArticlesCommentariesMedia-Note-12-570x570.jpg 570w, https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023_ArticlesCommentariesMedia-Note-12-500x500.jpg 500w, https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023_ArticlesCommentariesMedia-Note-12-1000x1000.jpg 1000w, https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023_ArticlesCommentariesMedia-Note-12-700x700.jpg 700w, https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/2023_ArticlesCommentariesMedia-Note-12.jpg 1080w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></div></div></div><div class="content"><a class="nectar-post-grid-link" href="https://siiaonline.org/the-business-times-haze-and-the-business-heat/" aria-label="The Business Times: Haze and the Business Heat"></a><span class="meta-category"><a class="commentaries style-underline" href="https://siiaonline.org/category/commentaries/">Commentaries</a></span><div class="item-main"><h3 class="post-heading"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/the-business-times-haze-and-the-business-heat/"><span>The Business Times: Haze and the Business Heat</span></a></h3><div class="nectar-post-grid-item__excerpt-wrap item-meta-extra"><span class="meta-excerpt">After some years of blue skies, the fires and haze have returned, and these are…</span></div><span class="nectar-post-grid-item__meta-wrap"><span class="meta-date">October 18, 2023</span><span class="meta-reading-time">8 min</span></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="comments-section" data-author-bio="false"><div class="comment-wrap " data-midnight="dark" data-comments-open="false"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="nectar-social fixed" data-position="" data-rm-love="0" data-color-override="override"><a href="#"><i class="icon-default-style steadysets-icon-share"></i></a><div class="nectar-social-inner"><a class='facebook-share nectar-sharing' href='#' title='Share this'> <i class='fa fa-facebook'></i> <span class='social-text'>Share</span> </a><a class='twitter-share nectar-sharing' href='#' title='Share this'> <i class='fa icon-salient-x-twitter'></i> <span class='social-text'>Share</span> </a><a class='linkedin-share nectar-sharing' href='#' title='Share this'> <i class='fa fa-linkedin'></i> <span class='social-text'>Share</span> </a><a class='pinterest-share nectar-sharing' href='#' title='Pin this'> <i class='fa fa-pinterest'></i> <span class='social-text'>Pin</span> </a></div></div><style>.nectar-shape-divider-wrap { position: absolute; top: auto; bottom: 0; left: 0; right: 0; width: 100%; height: 150px; z-index: 3; transform: translateZ(0); } .post-area.span_9 .nectar-shape-divider-wrap { overflow: hidden; } .nectar-shape-divider-wrap[data-front="true"] { z-index: 50; } .nectar-shape-divider-wrap[data-style="waves_opacity"] svg path:first-child { opacity: 0.6; } .nectar-shape-divider-wrap[data-style="curve_opacity"] svg path:nth-child(1), .nectar-shape-divider-wrap[data-style="waves_opacity_alt"] svg path:nth-child(1) { opacity: 0.15; } .nectar-shape-divider-wrap[data-style="curve_opacity"] svg path:nth-child(2), .nectar-shape-divider-wrap[data-style="waves_opacity_alt"] svg path:nth-child(2) { opacity: 0.3; } .nectar-shape-divider { width: 100%; left: 0; bottom: -1px; height: 100%; position: absolute; } .nectar-shape-divider-wrap.no-color .nectar-shape-divider { fill: #fff; } @media only screen and (max-width: 999px) { .nectar-shape-divider-wrap:not([data-using-percent-val="true"]) .nectar-shape-divider { height: 75%; } .nectar-shape-divider-wrap[data-style="clouds"]:not([data-using-percent-val="true"]) .nectar-shape-divider { height: 55%; } } @media only screen and (max-width: 690px) { .nectar-shape-divider-wrap:not([data-using-percent-val="true"]) .nectar-shape-divider { height: 33%; } .nectar-shape-divider-wrap[data-style="clouds"]:not([data-using-percent-val="true"]) .nectar-shape-divider { height: 33%; } } #ajax-content-wrap .nectar-shape-divider-wrap[data-height="1"] .nectar-shape-divider, #ajax-content-wrap .nectar-shape-divider-wrap[data-height="1px"] .nectar-shape-divider { height: 1px; }.nectar-shape-divider-wrap[data-position="top"] { top: -1px; bottom: auto; } .nectar-shape-divider-wrap[data-position="top"] { transform: rotate(180deg) }.wpb_column.border_bottom_desktop_1px > .vc_column-inner, .wpb_column.border_bottom_desktop_1px > .n-sticky > .vc_column-inner { border-bottom-width: 1px; }.wpb_column.border_color_1a4272 > .vc_column-inner, .wpb_column.border_color_1a4272 > .n-sticky > .vc_column-inner { border-color: #1a4272; }.wpb_column.border_style_solid > .vc_column-inner, .wpb_column.border_style_solid > .n-sticky > .vc_column-inner { border-style: solid; }@media only screen , print { .wpb_column.force-desktop-text-align-left, .wpb_column.force-desktop-text-align-left .col { text-align: left!important; } .wpb_column.force-desktop-text-align-right, .wpb_column.force-desktop-text-align-right .col { text-align: right!important; } .wpb_column.force-desktop-text-align-center, .wpb_column.force-desktop-text-align-center .col, .wpb_column.force-desktop-text-align-center .vc_custom_heading, .wpb_column.force-desktop-text-align-center .nectar-cta { text-align: center!important; } .wpb_column.force-desktop-text-align-center .img-with-aniamtion-wrap img { display: inline-block; } } .col.padding-4-percent > .vc_column-inner, .col.padding-4-percent > .n-sticky > .vc_column-inner { padding: calc(600px * 0.06); } @media only screen and (max-width: 690px) { .col.padding-4-percent > .vc_column-inner, .col.padding-4-percent > .n-sticky > .vc_column-inner { padding: calc(100vw * 0.06); } } @media only screen and (min-width: 1000px) { .col.padding-4-percent > .vc_column-inner, .col.padding-4-percent > .n-sticky > .vc_column-inner { padding: calc((100vw - 180px) * 0.04); } .column_container:not(.vc_col-sm-12) .col.padding-4-percent > .vc_column-inner { padding: calc((100vw - 180px) * 0.02); } } @media only screen and (min-width: 1425px) { .col.padding-4-percent > .vc_column-inner { padding: calc(1245px * 0.04); } .column_container:not(.vc_col-sm-12) .col.padding-4-percent > .vc_column-inner { padding: calc(1245px * 0.02); } } .full-width-content .col.padding-4-percent > .vc_column-inner { padding: calc(100vw * 0.04); } @media only screen and (max-width: 999px) { .full-width-content .col.padding-4-percent > .vc_column-inner { padding: calc(100vw * 0.06); } }@media only screen and (min-width: 1000px) { .full-width-content .column_container:not(.vc_col-sm-12) .col.padding-4-percent > .vc_column-inner { padding: calc(100vw * 0.02); } } #ajax-content-wrap .col[data-padding-pos="top-bottom"]> .vc_column-inner, #ajax-content-wrap .col[data-padding-pos="top-bottom"] > .n-sticky > .vc_column-inner { padding-left:0; padding-right:0 }.wpb_column.child_column.border_top_desktop_1px > .vc_column-inner, .wpb_column.child_column.border_top_desktop_1px > .n-sticky > .vc_column-inner { border-top-width: 1px; }.wpb_column.child_column.border_color_1a4272 > .vc_column-inner, .wpb_column.child_column.border_color_1a4272 > .n-sticky > .vc_column-inner { border-color: #1a4272; }.wpb_column.child_column.border_style_solid > .vc_column-inner, .wpb_column.child_column.border_style_solid > .n-sticky > .vc_column-inner { border-style: solid; } .nectar_icon_wrap i { vertical-align: middle; top: 0; } .nectar_icon_wrap i[class*="nectar-brands"] { display: inline-block; } .wpb_wrapper > .nectar_icon_wrap { margin-bottom: 0; } .nectar_icon_wrap i { transition: color .25s ease; } .nectar_icon_wrap path { transition: fill .25s ease; } .nectar-pulsate i { display: block; border-radius: 200px; background-color: currentColor; position: relative; } .nectar-pulsate i:after { display: block; position: absolute; top: 50%; left: 50%; content: ""; width: 100%; height: 100%; margin: -50% auto auto -50%; -webkit-transform-origin: 50% 50%; transform-origin: 50% 50%; border-radius: 50%; background-color: currentColor; opacity: 1; z-index: 11; pointer-events: none; animation: nectar_pulsate 2s cubic-bezier(.2,1,.2,1) infinite; } @keyframes nectar_pulsate { 0% { opacity: 0.6; transform: scale(1); } 100% { opacity: 0; transform: scale(3); } } .nectar_icon_wrap[data-style*="default"][data-color*="extra-color-gradient"] .nectar_icon i { border-radius: 0!important; text-align: center; } .nectar_icon_wrap[data-style*="default"][data-color*="extra-color-gradient"] .nectar_icon i:before { vertical-align: top; } .nectar_icon_wrap[data-style*="default"][data-color*="extra-color-gradient"] .nectar_icon i[class*="fa-"], .nectar_icon_wrap[data-style*="default"][data-color*="extra-color-gradient"] .nectar_icon i[class^="icon-"] { vertical-align: baseline; } .nectar-split-heading .heading-line{ display:block; overflow:hidden; position:relative } .nectar-split-heading .heading-line >div{ display:block; transform:translateY(200%); -webkit-transform:translateY(200%) } .nectar-split-heading h1{ margin-bottom:0 }.centered-text .nectar-split-heading[data-animation-type="line-reveal-by-space"] h1, .centered-text .nectar-split-heading[data-animation-type="line-reveal-by-space"] h2, .centered-text .nectar-split-heading[data-animation-type="line-reveal-by-space"] h3, .centered-text .nectar-split-heading[data-animation-type="line-reveal-by-space"] h4 { margin: 0 auto; } .nectar-split-heading[data-animation-type="line-reveal-by-space"]:not(.markup-generated) { opacity: 0; } .nectar-split-heading[data-animation-type="line-reveal-by-space"]:not(.markup-generated).animated-in { opacity: 1; } @media only screen and (max-width: 999px) { .nectar-split-heading[data-m-rm-animation="true"] { opacity: 1!important; } } .nectar-split-heading[data-animation-type="line-reveal-by-space"] > * > span { position: relative; display: inline-block; overflow: hidden; } .nectar-split-heading[data-animation-type="line-reveal-by-space"] span { vertical-align: bottom; } .nectar-split-heading[data-animation-type="line-reveal-by-space"] span { line-height: 1.2; } @media only screen and (min-width: 1000px) { .nectar-split-heading[data-animation-type="line-reveal-by-space"]:not(.markup-generated) > * { line-height: 1.2; } } @media only screen and (max-width: 999px) { .nectar-split-heading[data-animation-type="line-reveal-by-space"]:not([data-m-rm-animation="true"]):not(.markup-generated) > * { line-height: 1.2; } } .nectar-split-heading[data-animation-type="line-reveal-by-space"][data-stagger="true"]:not([data-text-effect*="letter-reveal"]) span .inner { transition: transform 1.2s cubic-bezier(0.25, 1, 0.5, 1), opacity 1.2s cubic-bezier(0.25, 1, 0.5, 1); } .nectar-split-heading[data-animation-type="line-reveal-by-space"] span .inner { position: relative; display: inline-block; -webkit-transform: translateY(1.3em); transform: translateY(1.3em); } .nectar-split-heading[data-animation-type="line-reveal-by-space"] span .inner.animated { -webkit-transform: none; transform: none; opacity: 1; }.nectar-split-heading[data-animation-type="line-reveal-by-space"][data-align="left"] { display: flex; justify-content: flex-start; } .nectar-split-heading[data-animation-type="line-reveal-by-space"][data-align="center"] { display: flex; justify-content: center; } .nectar-split-heading[data-animation-type="line-reveal-by-space"][data-align="right"] { display: flex; justify-content: flex-end; } @media only screen and (max-width: 999px) { .nectar-split-heading[data-animation-type="line-reveal-by-space"][data-m-align="left"] { display: flex; justify-content: flex-start; } .nectar-split-heading[data-animation-type="line-reveal-by-space"][data-m-align="center"] { display: flex; justify-content: center; } .nectar-split-heading[data-animation-type="line-reveal-by-space"][data-m-align="right"] { display: flex; justify-content: flex-end; } }@media only screen , print { #ajax-content-wrap .font_size_desktop_13px.nectar-cta, .font_size_desktop_13px.nectar-cta { font-size: 13px; } }@media only screen , print { #ajax-content-wrap .font_size_desktop_13px.nectar-cta, .font_size_desktop_13px.nectar-cta, #header-outer .font_size_desktop_13px.nectar-cta { font-size: 13px; } }@media only screen , print { #ajax-content-wrap .font_size_desktop_13px.nectar-cta *, .font_size_desktop_13px.nectar-cta * { font-size: 13px; } }@media only screen , print { #ajax-content-wrap .font_size_desktop_13px.nectar-cta *, .font_size_desktop_13px.nectar-cta *, #header-outer .font_size_desktop_13px.nectar-cta * { font-size: 13px; } }.nectar-cta.font_size_desktop_13px, .nectar-cta.font_size_desktop_13px * { line-height: 1.1; }.nectar-cta.font_size_desktop_13px[data-style="underline"], .nectar-cta.font_size_desktop_13px * { line-height: 1.5; }@media only screen and (max-width: 999px) { .nectar-cta.display_tablet_inline-block { display: inline-block; } }@media only screen and (max-width: 690px) { .nectar-cta.display_phone_inline-block { display: inline-block; } }@media only screen and (max-width: 690px) { .divider-wrap.height_phone_24px > .divider { height: 24px!important; } }@media only screen and (max-width: 690px) { .divider-wrap.height_phone_20px > .divider { height: 20px!important; } }@media only screen and (max-width: 690px) { .vc_row.top_padding_phone_12pct { padding-top: 12%!important; } }</style><div class="nectar-global-section nectar_hook_global_section_footer"><div class="container normal-container row"><div id="mailinglist" data-column-margin="default" data-midnight="light" data-top-percent="8%" class="wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_row full-width-section top_padding_phone_12pct" style="padding-top: calc(100vw * 0.08); padding-bottom: 0px; "><div class="row-bg-wrap" data-bg-animation="none" data-bg-animation-delay="" data-bg-overlay="false"><div class="inner-wrap row-bg-layer using-image" ><div class="row-bg viewport-desktop using-image using-bg-color" style="background-position: right top; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-color: #002e6d; " data-nectar-img-src="https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Wave-white-1.svg"></div></div></div><div class="nectar-shape-divider-wrap " style=" height:50px;" data-height="50" data-front="true" data-style="curve" data-position="top" ><svg class="nectar-shape-divider" aria-hidden="true" fill="#ffffff" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 1000 100" preserveAspectRatio="none"> <path d="M 0 0 c 0 0 200 50 500 50 s 500 -50 500 -50 v 101 h -1000 v -100 z"></path> </svg></div><div class="row_col_wrap_12 col span_12 light left"><div class="vc_col-sm-12 wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col centered-text no-extra-padding inherit_tablet inherit_phone border_bottom_desktop_1px border_color_1a4272 border_style_solid " data-padding-pos="all" data-has-bg-color="false" data-bg-color="" data-bg-opacity="1" data-animation="" data-delay="0" ><div class="vc_column-inner" ><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="nectar-split-heading " data-align="center" data-m-align="inherit" data-text-effect="default" data-animation-type="line-reveal-by-space" data-animation-delay="0" data-animation-offset="" data-m-rm-animation="" data-stagger="true" data-custom-font-size="false" ><h3 >Sign up for updates</h3></div><div class="nectar-split-heading " data-align="center" data-m-align="inherit" data-text-effect="default" data-animation-type="line-reveal-by-space" data-animation-delay="0" data-animation-offset="" data-m-rm-animation="" data-stagger="true" data-custom-font-size="false" ><p >Get the latest SIIA news and articles straight to your inbox</p></div><div class="wpb_raw_code wpb_raw_html wpb_content_element" ><div class="wpb_wrapper"><form class="sml_subscribe" method="post"><input class="sml_hiddenfield" name="sml_subscribe" type="hidden" value="1"><p class="sml_name"><label class="sml_namelabel" for="sml_name">Name:</label><input class="sml_nameinput" placeholder="Name" name="sml_name" type="text" value=""></p><p class="sml_email"><label class="sml_emaillabel" for="sml_email">Email:</label><input class="sml_emailinput" name="sml_email" placeholder="Email Address" type="text" value=""></p><p class="sml_submit"><input name="submit" class="btn sml_submitbtn" type="submit" value="Join"></p></form></div></div><div class="divider-wrap height_phone_20px " data-alignment="default"><div style="height: 50px;" class="divider"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="fws_67b6c44a49a1a" data-column-margin="default" data-midnight="light" class="wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_row full-width-section footer" style="padding-top: 50px; padding-bottom: 50px; "><div class="row-bg-wrap" data-bg-animation="none" data-bg-animation-delay="" data-bg-overlay="false"><div class="inner-wrap row-bg-layer" ><div class="row-bg viewport-desktop using-bg-color" style="background-color: #002e6d; "></div></div></div><div class="row_col_wrap_12 col span_12 light left"><div class="vc_col-sm-12 wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col no-extra-padding inherit_tablet inherit_phone " data-padding-pos="all" data-has-bg-color="false" data-bg-color="" data-bg-opacity="1" data-animation="" data-delay="0" ><div class="vc_column-inner" ><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div id="fws_67b6c44a4aeed" data-midnight="" data-column-margin="default" class="wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_row inner_row" style=""><div class="row-bg-wrap"><div class="row-bg" ></div></div><div class="row_col_wrap_12_inner col span_12 left"><div class="vc_col-sm-4 vc_col-md-2 wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col child_column no-extra-padding inherit_tablet inherit_phone " data-padding-pos="all" data-has-bg-color="false" data-bg-color="" data-bg-opacity="1" data-animation="" data-delay="0" ><div class="vc_column-inner" ><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="nectar-split-heading " data-align="left" data-m-align="inherit" data-text-effect="default" data-animation-type="line-reveal-by-space" data-animation-delay="0" data-animation-offset="" data-m-rm-animation="" data-stagger="true" data-custom-font-size="false" ><h6 >Programmes</h6></div><div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " ><div class="wpb_wrapper"><p><a href="https://siiaonline.org/programmes/asean/">ASEAN</a></p><p><a href="https://siiaonline.org/category/de-updates/">Digital Economy</a></p><p><a href="https://siiaonline.org/programmes/sustainability/">Sustainability</a></p><p>ASEAN Climate Community</p></div></div><div class="nectar-split-heading " data-align="left" data-m-align="inherit" data-text-effect="default" data-animation-type="line-reveal-by-space" data-animation-delay="0" data-animation-offset="" data-m-rm-animation="" data-stagger="true" data-custom-font-size="false" ><h6 >Regions</h6></div><div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " ><div class="wpb_wrapper"><p><a href="https://siiaonline.org/tag/asean/">ASEAN</a></p><p><a href="https://siiaonline.org/tag/china/">China</a></p><p><a href="https://siiaonline.org/tag/european-union/">EU</a></p><p><a href="https://siiaonline.org/tag/japan/">Japan</a></p><p><a href="https://siiaonline.org/tag/south-korea/">South Korea</a></p><p><a href="https://siiaonline.org/tag/taiwan/">Taiwan</a></p><p><a href="https://siiaonline.org/tag/usa/">USA</a></p></div></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_col-sm-4 vc_col-md-2 wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col child_column no-extra-padding inherit_tablet inherit_phone " data-padding-pos="all" data-has-bg-color="false" data-bg-color="" data-bg-opacity="1" data-animation="" data-delay="0" ><div class="vc_column-inner" ><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="nectar-split-heading " data-align="left" data-m-align="inherit" data-text-effect="default" data-animation-type="line-reveal-by-space" data-animation-delay="0" data-animation-offset="" data-m-rm-animation="" data-stagger="true" data-custom-font-size="false" ><h6 >Publications</h6></div><div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " ><div class="wpb_wrapper"><p><a href="https://siiaonline.org/publications/#specialreports">Special Reports</a></p><p><a href="https://siiaonline.org/publications/#commentaries">Commentaries</a></p><p><a href="https://siiaonline.org/publications/#conferencehighlights">Conference Highlights</a></p><p><a href="https://siiaonline.org/publications/#insights">Insights</a></p></div></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_col-sm-4 vc_col-md-2 wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col child_column no-extra-padding inherit_tablet inherit_phone " data-padding-pos="all" data-has-bg-color="false" data-bg-color="" data-bg-opacity="1" data-animation="" data-delay="0" ><div class="vc_column-inner" ><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="nectar-split-heading " data-align="left" data-m-align="inherit" data-text-effect="default" data-animation-type="line-reveal-by-space" data-animation-delay="0" data-animation-offset="" data-m-rm-animation="" data-stagger="true" data-custom-font-size="false" ><h6 >Events</h6></div><div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " ><div class="wpb_wrapper"><p><a href="https://siiaonline.org/event/asean-and-asia-forum/">Flagship – ASEAN</a></p><p><a href="https://siiaonline.org/event/sustainable-world-forum-2024/">Flagship – Sustainability</a></p><p><a href="#">Annual Fundraising Dinner</a></p><p><a href="https://siiaonline.org/events">Events Calendar</a></p></div></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_col-sm-4 vc_col-md-2 wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col child_column" data-padding-pos="all" data-has-bg-color="false" data-bg-color="" data-bg-opacity="1" data-animation="" data-delay="0" ><div class="vc_column-inner" ><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="nectar-split-heading " data-align="left" data-m-align="inherit" data-text-effect="default" data-animation-type="line-reveal-by-space" data-animation-delay="0" data-animation-offset="" data-m-rm-animation="" data-stagger="true" data-custom-font-size="false" ><h6 >Membership</h6></div><div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " ><div class="wpb_wrapper"><p><a href="https://siiaonline.org/membership/#membershiptiers">Membership Tiers</a></p><p><a href="https://siiaonline.org/membership/faqs/">FAQs</a></p><p><a href="https://siiaonline.org/membership/apply-now/">Apply Now</a></p><p><a href="https://siiaonline.org/membership/premium-resources/">Premium Resources</a></p></div></div><div class="nectar-split-heading " data-align="left" data-m-align="inherit" data-text-effect="default" data-animation-type="line-reveal-by-space" data-animation-delay="0" data-animation-offset="" data-m-rm-animation="" data-stagger="true" data-custom-font-size="false" ><h6 >Advisory</h6></div><div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " ><div class="wpb_wrapper"><p><a href="https://siiaonline.org/advisory/#topics">Topics</a></p><p><a href="https://siiaonline.org/advisory/#faqs">FAQs</a></p></div></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_col-sm-4 vc_col-md-2 wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col child_column" data-padding-pos="all" data-has-bg-color="false" data-bg-color="" data-bg-opacity="1" data-animation="" data-delay="0" ><div class="vc_column-inner" ><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="nectar-split-heading " data-align="left" data-m-align="inherit" data-text-effect="default" data-animation-type="line-reveal-by-space" data-animation-delay="0" data-animation-offset="" data-m-rm-animation="" data-stagger="true" data-custom-font-size="false" ><h6 >News</h6></div><div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " ><div class="wpb_wrapper"><p><a href="https://siiaonline.org/category/press-release/">Press Release</a></p><p><a href="https://siiaonline.org/category/media-coverage/">Media Coverage</a></p></div></div></div></div></div><div class="vc_col-sm-4 vc_col-md-2 wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col child_column" data-padding-pos="all" data-has-bg-color="false" data-bg-color="" data-bg-opacity="1" data-animation="" data-delay="0" ><div class="vc_column-inner" ><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div class="nectar-split-heading " data-align="left" data-m-align="inherit" data-text-effect="default" data-animation-type="line-reveal-by-space" data-animation-delay="0" data-animation-offset="" data-m-rm-animation="" data-stagger="true" data-custom-font-size="false" ><h6 >Contact Us</h6></div><div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " ><div class="wpb_wrapper"><p><a href="/contact-us/">Contact Us</a></p></div></div><div class="nectar-split-heading " data-align="left" data-m-align="inherit" data-text-effect="default" data-animation-type="line-reveal-by-space" data-animation-delay="0" data-animation-offset="" data-m-rm-animation="" data-stagger="true" data-custom-font-size="false" ><h6 >Find us on social media</h6></div><div class="nectar_icon_wrap " data-style="default" data-padding="0px" data-color="white" style="margin-right: 20px; " ><div class="nectar_icon" ><a href="https://www.facebook.com/think.siia/" target="_blank"></a><i style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 16px; height: 16px; width: 16px;" class="fa fa-facebook-square"></i></div></div><div class="nectar_icon_wrap " data-style="default" data-padding="0px" data-color="white" style="margin-right: 20px; " ><div class="nectar_icon" ><a href="https://www.instagram.com/siia_sg/" target="_blank"></a><i style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 16px; height: 16px; width: 16px;" class="fa fa-instagram"></i></div></div><div class="nectar_icon_wrap " data-style="default" data-padding="0px" data-color="white" style="margin-right: 20px; " ><div class="nectar_icon" ><a href="https://sg.linkedin.com/company/singapore-institute-of-international-affairs" target="_blank"></a><i style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 16px; height: 16px; width: 16px;" class="fa fa-linkedin"></i></div></div><div class="nectar_icon_wrap " data-style="default" data-padding="0px" data-color="white" style="margin-right: 20px; " ><div class="nectar_icon" ><a href="https://twitter.com/siia_tweet" target="_blank"></a><i style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 16px; height: 16px; width: 16px;" class="nectar-brands-x-twitter"></i></div></div><div class="divider-wrap height_phone_24px " data-alignment="default"><div style="height: 25px;" class="divider"></div></div><div class="wpb_text_column wpb_content_element " ><div class="wpb_wrapper"><p><a href="https://siiaonline.org/sitemap/">Sitemap</a></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="fws_67b6c44a4bba6" data-column-margin="default" data-midnight="light" class="wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_row full-width-section" style="padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; "><div class="row-bg-wrap" data-bg-animation="none" data-bg-animation-delay="" data-bg-overlay="false"><div class="inner-wrap row-bg-layer" ><div class="row-bg viewport-desktop using-bg-color" style="background-color: #002e6d; "></div></div></div><div class="row_col_wrap_12 col span_12 light left"><div class="vc_col-sm-12 wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col no-extra-padding force-desktop-text-align-center inherit_tablet inherit_phone " data-padding-pos="all" data-has-bg-color="false" data-bg-color="" data-bg-opacity="1" data-animation="" data-delay="0" ><div class="vc_column-inner" ><div class="wpb_wrapper"><div id="fws_67b6c44a4bc63" data-midnight="" data-column-margin="default" class="wpb_row vc_row-fluid vc_row inner_row" style=" z-index: 2;"><div class="row-bg-wrap"><div class="row-bg" ></div></div><div class="row_col_wrap_12_inner col span_12 left"><div class="vc_col-sm-12 wpb_column column_container vc_column_container col child_column padding-4-percent inherit_tablet inherit_phone border_top_desktop_1px border_color_1a4272 border_style_solid " data-padding-pos="top-bottom" data-has-bg-color="false" data-bg-color="" data-bg-opacity="1" data-animation="" data-delay="0" ><div class="vc_column-inner" ><div class="wpb_wrapper"><p style="font-size: 15px;text-align: center" class="vc_custom_heading vc_do_custom_heading" >Copyright © Singapore Institute of International Affairs. All rights reserved.</p><div class="nectar-cta alignment_tablet_default alignment_phone_default display_tablet_inline-block display_phone_inline-block font_size_desktop_13px " data-color="default" data-using-bg="false" data-display="inline" data-style="underline" data-alignment="left" data-text-color="std" style="margin-right: 10px; margin-left: 10px;"><p> <span class="link_wrap" ><a class="link_text" role="button" href="/privacy-policy/">Privacy Policy</a></span></p></div><div class="nectar-cta alignment_tablet_default alignment_phone_default display_tablet_inline-block display_phone_inline-block font_size_desktop_13px " data-color="default" data-using-bg="false" data-display="inline" data-style="underline" data-alignment="left" data-text-color="std" style="margin-right: 10px; margin-left: 10px;"><p> <span class="link_wrap" ><a class="link_text" role="button" href="/privacy-policy/">Terms & Conditions</a></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><style type="text/css" data-type="vc_shortcodes-default-css">.vc_do_custom_heading{margin-bottom:0.625rem;margin-top:0;}</style></div></div><div id="footer-outer" data-midnight="light" data-cols="4" data-custom-color="false" data-disable-copyright="true" data-matching-section-color="true" data-copyright-line="false" data-using-bg-img="false" data-bg-img-overlay="0.8" data-full-width="false" data-using-widget-area="false" data-link-hover="default"></div><div id="slide-out-widget-area-bg" class="slide-out-from-right-hover dark"></div><div id="slide-out-widget-area" class="slide-out-from-right-hover" data-dropdown-func="separate-dropdown-parent-link" data-back-txt="Back"><div class="inner-wrap"><div class="inner" data-prepend-menu-mobile="false"><a class="slide_out_area_close" href="#"><span class="screen-reader-text">Close Menu</span> <span class="close-wrap"> <span class="close-line close-line1"></span> <span class="close-line close-line2"></span> </span> </a><div class="off-canvas-menu-container mobile-only" role="navigation"><ul class="menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-11875"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/about-us/" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">About</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12939"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/about-us/">About Us</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12347"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/about-us/annual-reports/">Annual Reports</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12348"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/about-us/our-network/">Our Network</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-11743"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Our Work</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-12227"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/programmes/" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Programmes</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12226"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/programmes/asean/">ASEAN</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12225"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/programmes/sustainability/">Sustainability</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-12260"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/publications/" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Publications</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-12261"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/publications/#specialreports">Reports and Conference Highlights</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-13843"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/category/insights/">Insights</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-11745"><a href="/events" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Events</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-11746"><a href="/events">Events Calendar</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12932"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/events-faqs/">FAQs</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-12536"><a href="#" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Membership</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-12505"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/membership/" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Membership</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-12537"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/membership/#membershiptiers">Membership Tiers</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12509"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/membership/faqs/">FAQs</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12504"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/membership/apply-now/">Apply Now</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-12541"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/membership/premium-resources/" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Premium Resources</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-13557"><a href="/membership/premium-resources/#chairmans-notes">Chairman’s Notes</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-13558"><a href="/membership/premium-resources/#country-updates">Country Updates</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-12458"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/advisory/" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Advisory</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-12460"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/advisory/#topics">Topics</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-12461"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/advisory/#faqs">FAQs</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-12438"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/news/" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">News</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor current-menu-parent current-post-parent menu-item-13186"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/category/commentaries/">Commentaries</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-12441"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/category/press-release/">Press Release</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-12477"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/be-involved/" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Be Involved</a><ul class="sub-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-12478"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/be-involved/donate-to-the-siia/">Donate</a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-13036"><a href="https://siiaonline.org/careers/">Careers</a></li></ul></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-11879"><a href="#"><a class="main-menu nectar-button large regular accent-color has-icon regular-button" role="button" style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; visibility: visible;" href="https://siiaonline.org/be-involved/donate-to-the-siia/" data-color-override="false" data-hover-color-override="false" data-hover-text-color-override="#fff"><span>Donate</span></a> <a class="main-menu nectar-button large regular extra-color-1 has-icon regular-button" role="button" style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255) !important; visibility: visible; padding-left:50px !important;" href="https://siiaonline.org/events" data-color-override="false" data-hover-color-override="false" data-hover-text-color-override="#fff"><i class="fa fa-calendar" aria-hidden="true" style="left:5px !important; transform: translateY(-56%) translateX(4px);"></i><span>Events</span></a></a></li></ul><ul class="menu secondary-header-items"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-11755"><a href="tel:+6567349600"><span class="menu-title-text">Call Us (65) 6734 9600</span></a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-11756"><a href="mailto:membership@siiaonline.org"><span class="menu-title-text">Email Us</span></a></li><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom nectar-regular-menu-item menu-item-13601"><a href="/contact-us/"><span class="menu-title-text">Contact Us</span></a></li></ul></div></div><div class="bottom-meta-wrap"><ul class="off-canvas-social-links mobile-only"><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://twitter.com/siia_tweet"><span class="screen-reader-text">x-twitter</span><i class="icon-salient-x-twitter" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://www.facebook.com/think.siia"><span class="screen-reader-text">facebook</span><i class="fa fa-facebook" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/singapore-institute-of-international-affairs/?originalSubdomain=sg"><span class="screen-reader-text">linkedin</span><i class="fa fa-linkedin" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a></li><li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://siiaonline.org/feed/rss/"><span class="screen-reader-text">RSS</span><i class="fa fa-rss" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a></li></ul></div></div></div></div><a id="to-top" aria-label="Back to top" href="#" class="mobile-enabled"><i role="presentation" class="fa fa-angle-up"></i></a></div></div> <script src="data:text/javascript;base64,KGZ1bmN0aW9uKGJvZHkpeyd1c2Ugc3RyaWN0Jztib2R5LmNsYXNzTmFtZT1ib2R5LmNsYXNzTmFtZS5yZXBsYWNlKC9cYnRyaWJlLW5vLWpzXGIvLCd0cmliZS1qcycpfSkoZG9jdW1lbnQuYm9keSk=" defer></script> <p class="credit"><a href="https://hellopomelo.com" target="_blank" title="Website Design & Development Agency Singapore" style="text-decoration:none;padding-bottom:10px;">Website by<br/> <img src="https://hellopomelo.com/images/website-by-hellopomelo.png"></a></p> <script src="data:text/javascript;base64,dmFyIHRyaWJlX2wxMG5fZGF0YXRhYmxlcz17ImFyaWEiOnsic29ydF9hc2NlbmRpbmciOiI6IGFjdGl2YXRlIHRvIHNvcnQgY29sdW1uIGFzY2VuZGluZyIsInNvcnRfZGVzY2VuZGluZyI6IjogYWN0aXZhdGUgdG8gc29ydCBjb2x1bW4gZGVzY2VuZGluZyJ9LCJsZW5ndGhfbWVudSI6IlNob3cgX01FTlVfIGVudHJpZXMiLCJlbXB0eV90YWJsZSI6Ik5vIGRhdGEgYXZhaWxhYmxlIGluIHRhYmxlIiwiaW5mbyI6IlNob3dpbmcgX1NUQVJUXyB0byBfRU5EXyBvZiBfVE9UQUxfIGVudHJpZXMiLCJpbmZvX2VtcHR5IjoiU2hvd2luZyAwIHRvIDAgb2YgMCBlbnRyaWVzIiwiaW5mb19maWx0ZXJlZCI6IihmaWx0ZXJlZCBmcm9tIF9NQVhfIHRvdGFsIGVudHJpZXMpIiwiemVyb19yZWNvcmRzIjoiTm8gbWF0Y2hpbmcgcmVjb3JkcyBmb3VuZCIsInNlYXJjaCI6IlNlYXJjaDoiLCJhbGxfc2VsZWN0ZWRfdGV4dCI6IkFsbCBpdGVtcyBvbiB0aGlzIHBhZ2Ugd2VyZSBzZWxlY3RlZC4gIiwic2VsZWN0X2FsbF9saW5rIjoiU2VsZWN0IGFsbCBwYWdlcyIsImNsZWFyX3NlbGVjdGlvbiI6IkNsZWFyIFNlbGVjdGlvbi4iLCJwYWdpbmF0aW9uIjp7ImFsbCI6IkFsbCIsIm5leHQiOiJOZXh0IiwicHJldmlvdXMiOiJQcmV2aW91cyJ9LCJzZWxlY3QiOnsicm93cyI6eyIwIjoiIiwiXyI6IjogU2VsZWN0ZWQgJWQgcm93cyIsIjEiOiI6IFNlbGVjdGVkIDEgcm93In19LCJkYXRlcGlja2VyIjp7ImRheU5hbWVzIjpbIlN1bmRheSIsIk1vbmRheSIsIlR1ZXNkYXkiLCJXZWRuZXNkYXkiLCJUaHVyc2RheSIsIkZyaWRheSIsIlNhdHVyZGF5Il0sImRheU5hbWVzU2hvcnQiOlsiU3VuIiwiTW9uIiwiVHVlIiwiV2VkIiwiVGh1IiwiRnJpIiwiU2F0Il0sImRheU5hbWVzTWluIjpbIlMiLCJNIiwiVCIsIlciLCJUIiwiRiIsIlMiXSwibW9udGhOYW1lcyI6WyJKYW51YXJ5IiwiRmVicnVhcnkiLCJNYXJjaCIsIkFwcmlsIiwiTWF5IiwiSnVuZSIsIkp1bHkiLCJBdWd1c3QiLCJTZXB0ZW1iZXIiLCJPY3RvYmVyIiwiTm92ZW1iZXIiLCJEZWNlbWJlciJdLCJtb250aE5hbWVzU2hvcnQiOlsiSmFudWFyeSIsIkZlYnJ1YXJ5IiwiTWFyY2giLCJBcHJpbCIsIk1heSIsIkp1bmUiLCJKdWx5IiwiQXVndXN0IiwiU2VwdGVtYmVyIiwiT2N0b2JlciIsIk5vdmVtYmVyIiwiRGVjZW1iZXIiXSwibW9udGhOYW1lc01pbiI6WyJKYW4iLCJGZWIiLCJNYXIiLCJBcHIiLCJNYXkiLCJKdW4iLCJKdWwiLCJBdWciLCJTZXAiLCJPY3QiLCJOb3YiLCJEZWMiXSwibmV4dFRleHQiOiJOZXh0IiwicHJldlRleHQiOiJQcmV2IiwiY3VycmVudFRleHQiOiJUb2RheSIsImNsb3NlVGV4dCI6IkRvbmUiLCJ0b2RheSI6IlRvZGF5IiwiY2xlYXIiOiJDbGVhciJ9LCJyZWdpc3RyYXRpb25fcHJvbXB0IjoiVGhlcmUgaXMgdW5zYXZlZCBhdHRlbmRlZSBpbmZvcm1hdGlvbi4gQXJlIHlvdSBzdXJlIHlvdSB3YW50IHRvIGNvbnRpbnVlPyJ9" defer></script><script type="text/html" id="wpb-modifications">window.wpbCustomElement = 1;</script><link rel='stylesheet' id='js_composer_front-css' href='https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/plugins/js_composer_salient/assets/css/js_composer.min.css' type='text/css' media='all' /><link data-pagespeed-no-defer data-nowprocket data-wpacu-skip data-no-optimize data-noptimize rel='stylesheet' id='main-styles-non-critical-css' href='https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/themes/hellopomelo/css/build/style-non-critical.css' type='text/css' media='all' /><link data-pagespeed-no-defer data-nowprocket data-wpacu-skip data-no-optimize data-noptimize rel='stylesheet' id='fancyBox-css' href='https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/themes/hellopomelo/css/build/plugins/jquery.fancybox.css' type='text/css' media='all' /><link rel='stylesheet' id='nectar-smooth-scroll-css' href='https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/themes/hellopomelo/css/build/plugins/lenis.css' type='text/css' media='all' /><link data-pagespeed-no-defer data-nowprocket data-wpacu-skip data-no-optimize data-noptimize rel='stylesheet' id='nectar-ocm-core-css' href='https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/themes/hellopomelo/css/build/off-canvas/core.css' type='text/css' media='all' /><link data-pagespeed-no-defer data-nowprocket data-wpacu-skip data-no-optimize data-noptimize rel='stylesheet' id='nectar-ocm-slide-out-right-hover-css' href='https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/themes/hellopomelo/css/build/off-canvas/slide-out-right-hover.css' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://siiaonline.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script data-optimized="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/litespeed/js/8df5be4140de69891be9e2f7f985e6c0.js?ver=5e6c0" id="jquery-migrate-js" defer data-deferred="1"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="salient-social-js-extra" src="data:text/javascript;base64,dmFyIG5lY3RhckxvdmU9eyJhamF4dXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL3NpaWFvbmxpbmUub3JnXC93cC1hZG1pblwvYWRtaW4tYWpheC5waHAiLCJwb3N0SUQiOiIxMTU5MiIsInJvb3R1cmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvc2lpYW9ubGluZS5vcmciLCJsb3ZlTm9uY2UiOiIzYTRlZmZiMDI0In0=" defer></script> <script data-optimized="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/litespeed/js/8e70609b1c1fa9b40f48eaefd74e297e.js?ver=e297e" id="salient-social-js" defer data-deferred="1"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="dlm-xhr-js-extra" src="data:text/javascript;base64,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" defer></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="dlm-xhr-js-before" src="data:text/javascript;base64,Y29uc3QgZGxtWEhSPXsieGhyX2xpbmtzIjp7ImNsYXNzIjpbImRvd25sb2FkLWxpbmsiLCJkb3dubG9hZC1idXR0b24iXX0sInByZXZlbnRfZHVwbGljYXRlcyI6ITAsImFqYXhVcmwiOiJodHRwczpcL1wvc2lpYW9ubGluZS5vcmdcL3dwLWFkbWluXC9hZG1pbi1hamF4LnBocCJ9O2RsbVhIUmluc3RhbmNlPXt9O2NvbnN0IGRsbVhIUkdsb2JhbExpbmtzPSJodHRwczovL3NpaWFvbmxpbmUub3JnL2Rvd25sb2FkLyI7Y29uc3QgZGxtTm9uWEhSR2xvYmFsTGlua3M9W107ZGxtWEhSZ2lmPSJodHRwczovL3NpaWFvbmxpbmUub3JnL3dwLWluY2x1ZGVzL2ltYWdlcy9zcGlubmVyLmdpZiI7Y29uc3QgZGxtWEhSUHJvZ3Jlc3M9IjEi" defer></script> <script data-optimized="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/litespeed/js/846d63a2ff320f2329b6eee1adc81a97.js?ver=81a97" id="dlm-xhr-js" defer data-deferred="1"></script> <script data-optimized="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/litespeed/js/51464ffed873f2d051e48800759bf9fa.js?ver=bf9fa" id="jquery-easing-js" defer data-deferred="1"></script> <script data-optimized="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/litespeed/js/ccb9bdddcf264f4ffc2398085fef38a9.js?ver=f38a9" id="jquery-mousewheel-js" defer data-deferred="1"></script> <script data-optimized="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/litespeed/js/300ecba91e0f9a68815ed2273ed6713d.js?ver=6713d" id="nectar_priority-js" defer data-deferred="1"></script> <script data-optimized="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/litespeed/js/28fa04a336e2a93a7187abc798f24a19.js?ver=24a19" id="nectar-transit-js" defer data-deferred="1"></script> <script data-optimized="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/litespeed/js/853f41082526710bc19603ce49ac6897.js?ver=c6897" id="nectar-waypoints-js" defer data-deferred="1"></script> <script data-optimized="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/litespeed/js/b38f9f6eb049a9e217e4de9343269961.js?ver=69961" id="imagesLoaded-js" defer data-deferred="1"></script> <script data-optimized="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/litespeed/js/6d05742ef1a60150ce3da7e2fc845470.js?ver=45470" id="hoverintent-js" defer data-deferred="1"></script> <script data-optimized="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/litespeed/js/5a436ac86c7c87eb030d85c0269a739c.js?ver=a739c" id="fancyBox-js" defer data-deferred="1"></script> <script data-optimized="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/litespeed/js/2257fb7c80288231cf64d0834407941c.js?ver=7941c" id="anime-js" defer data-deferred="1"></script> <script data-optimized="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/litespeed/js/a4f0365971238f2aecf55c7f123bdeb9.js?ver=bdeb9" id="superfish-js" defer data-deferred="1"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="nectar-frontend-js-extra" src="data:text/javascript;base64,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" defer></script> <script data-optimized="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/litespeed/js/9ac10eb01c7d4013829c39fe88d46ca2.js?ver=46ca2" id="nectar-frontend-js" defer data-deferred="1"></script> <script data-optimized="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/litespeed/js/78e0e1626953ca188c0349f393d69e2f.js?ver=69e2f" id="nectar-smooth-scroll-js" defer data-deferred="1"></script> <script data-optimized="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/litespeed/js/a7caa67c411cb0730217657696ad6881.js?ver=d6881" id="touchswipe-js" defer data-deferred="1"></script> <script data-optimized="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/litespeed/js/c7a0d44c2297525e11987dddc02b05c3.js?ver=b05c3" id="select2-js" defer data-deferred="1"></script> <script data-optimized="1" type="text/javascript" src="https://siiaonline.org/wp-content/litespeed/js/7d7caf342f290a1efb8c14791d050cf0.js?ver=50cf0" id="wpb_composer_front_js-js" defer data-deferred="1"></script> <script></script><script data-no-optimize="1">!function(t,e){"object"==typeof exports&&"undefined"!=typeof module?module.exports=e():"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(e):(t="undefined"!=typeof globalThis?globalThis:t||self).LazyLoad=e()}(this,function(){"use strict";function e(){return(e=Object.assign||function(t){for(var e=1;e<arguments.length;e++){var n,a=arguments[e];for(n in a)Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(a,n)&&(t[n]=a[n])}return t}).apply(this,arguments)}function i(t){return e({},it,t)}function o(t,e){var n,a="LazyLoad::Initialized",i=new t(e);try{n=new CustomEvent(a,{detail:{instance:i}})}catch(t){(n=document.createEvent("CustomEvent")).initCustomEvent(a,!1,!1,{instance:i})}window.dispatchEvent(n)}function l(t,e){return t.getAttribute(gt+e)}function c(t){return l(t,bt)}function s(t,e){return function(t,e,n){e=gt+e;null!==n?t.setAttribute(e,n):t.removeAttribute(e)}(t,bt,e)}function r(t){return s(t,null),0}function u(t){return null===c(t)}function d(t){return c(t)===vt}function f(t,e,n,a){t&&(void 0===a?void 0===n?t(e):t(e,n):t(e,n,a))}function _(t,e){nt?t.classList.add(e):t.className+=(t.className?" ":"")+e}function v(t,e){nt?t.classList.remove(e):t.className=t.className.replace(new RegExp("(^|\\s+)"+e+"(\\s+|$)")," ").replace(/^\s+/,"").replace(/\s+$/,"")}function g(t){return t.llTempImage}function b(t,e){!e||(e=e._observer)&&e.unobserve(t)}function p(t,e){t&&(t.loadingCount+=e)}function h(t,e){t&&(t.toLoadCount=e)}function n(t){for(var e,n=[],a=0;e=t.children[a];a+=1)"SOURCE"===e.tagName&&n.push(e);return n}function m(t,e){(t=t.parentNode)&&"PICTURE"===t.tagName&&n(t).forEach(e)}function a(t,e){n(t).forEach(e)}function E(t){return!!t[st]}function I(t){return t[st]}function y(t){return delete t[st]}function A(e,t){var n;E(e)||(n={},t.forEach(function(t){n[t]=e.getAttribute(t)}),e[st]=n)}function k(a,t){var i;E(a)&&(i=I(a),t.forEach(function(t){var e,n;e=a,(t=i[n=t])?e.setAttribute(n,t):e.removeAttribute(n)}))}function L(t,e,n){_(t,e.class_loading),s(t,ut),n&&(p(n,1),f(e.callback_loading,t,n))}function w(t,e,n){n&&t.setAttribute(e,n)}function x(t,e){w(t,ct,l(t,e.data_sizes)),w(t,rt,l(t,e.data_srcset)),w(t,ot,l(t,e.data_src))}function O(t,e,n){var a=l(t,e.data_bg_multi),i=l(t,e.data_bg_multi_hidpi);(a=at&&i?i:a)&&(t.style.backgroundImage=a,n=n,_(t=t,(e=e).class_applied),s(t,ft),n&&(e.unobserve_completed&&b(t,e),f(e.callback_applied,t,n)))}function N(t,e){!e||0<e.loadingCount||0<e.toLoadCount||f(t.callback_finish,e)}function C(t,e,n){t.addEventListener(e,n),t.llEvLisnrs[e]=n}function M(t){return!!t.llEvLisnrs}function z(t){if(M(t)){var e,n,a=t.llEvLisnrs;for(e in a){var i=a[e];n=e,i=i,t.removeEventListener(n,i)}delete t.llEvLisnrs}}function R(t,e,n){var a;delete t.llTempImage,p(n,-1),(a=n)&&--a.toLoadCount,v(t,e.class_loading),e.unobserve_completed&&b(t,n)}function T(o,r,c){var l=g(o)||o;M(l)||function(t,e,n){M(t)||(t.llEvLisnrs={});var a="VIDEO"===t.tagName?"loadeddata":"load";C(t,a,e),C(t,"error",n)}(l,function(t){var e,n,a,i;n=r,a=c,i=d(e=o),R(e,n,a),_(e,n.class_loaded),s(e,dt),f(n.callback_loaded,e,a),i||N(n,a),z(l)},function(t){var e,n,a,i;n=r,a=c,i=d(e=o),R(e,n,a),_(e,n.class_error),s(e,_t),f(n.callback_error,e,a),i||N(n,a),z(l)})}function G(t,e,n){var a,i,o,r,c;t.llTempImage=document.createElement("IMG"),T(t,e,n),E(c=t)||(c[st]={backgroundImage:c.style.backgroundImage}),o=n,r=l(a=t,(i=e).data_bg),c=l(a,i.data_bg_hidpi),(r=at&&c?c:r)&&(a.style.backgroundImage='url("'.concat(r,'")'),g(a).setAttribute(ot,r),L(a,i,o)),O(t,e,n)}function D(t,e,n){var a;T(t,e,n),a=e,e=n,(t=It[(n=t).tagName])&&(t(n,a),L(n,a,e))}function V(t,e,n){var a;a=t,(-1<yt.indexOf(a.tagName)?D:G)(t,e,n)}function F(t,e,n){var a;t.setAttribute("loading","lazy"),T(t,e,n),a=e,(e=It[(n=t).tagName])&&e(n,a),s(t,vt)}function j(t){t.removeAttribute(ot),t.removeAttribute(rt),t.removeAttribute(ct)}function P(t){m(t,function(t){k(t,Et)}),k(t,Et)}function S(t){var e;(e=At[t.tagName])?e(t):E(e=t)&&(t=I(e),e.style.backgroundImage=t.backgroundImage)}function U(t,e){var n;S(t),n=e,u(e=t)||d(e)||(v(e,n.class_entered),v(e,n.class_exited),v(e,n.class_applied),v(e,n.class_loading),v(e,n.class_loaded),v(e,n.class_error)),r(t),y(t)}function $(t,e,n,a){var i;n.cancel_on_exit&&(c(t)!==ut||"IMG"===t.tagName&&(z(t),m(i=t,function(t){j(t)}),j(i),P(t),v(t,n.class_loading),p(a,-1),r(t),f(n.callback_cancel,t,e,a)))}function q(t,e,n,a){var i,o,r=(o=t,0<=pt.indexOf(c(o)));s(t,"entered"),_(t,n.class_entered),v(t,n.class_exited),i=t,o=a,n.unobserve_entered&&b(i,o),f(n.callback_enter,t,e,a),r||V(t,n,a)}function H(t){return t.use_native&&"loading"in HTMLImageElement.prototype}function B(t,i,o){t.forEach(function(t){return(a=t).isIntersecting||0<a.intersectionRatio?q(t.target,t,i,o):(e=t.target,n=t,a=i,t=o,void(u(e)||(_(e,a.class_exited),$(e,n,a,t),f(a.callback_exit,e,n,t))));var e,n,a})}function J(e,n){var t;et&&!H(e)&&(n._observer=new IntersectionObserver(function(t){B(t,e,n)},{root:(t=e).container===document?null:t.container,rootMargin:t.thresholds||t.threshold+"px"}))}function K(t){return Array.prototype.slice.call(t)}function Q(t){return t.container.querySelectorAll(t.elements_selector)}function W(t){return c(t)===_t}function X(t,e){return e=t||Q(e),K(e).filter(u)}function Y(e,t){var n;(n=Q(e),K(n).filter(W)).forEach(function(t){v(t,e.class_error),r(t)}),t.update()}function t(t,e){var n,a,t=i(t);this._settings=t,this.loadingCount=0,J(t,this),n=t,a=this,Z&&window.addEventListener("online",function(){Y(n,a)}),this.update(e)}var Z="undefined"!=typeof window,tt=Z&&!("onscroll"in window)||"undefined"!=typeof navigator&&/(gle|ing|ro)bot|crawl|spider/i.test(navigator.userAgent),et=Z&&"IntersectionObserver"in window,nt=Z&&"classList"in document.createElement("p"),at=Z&&1<window.devicePixelRatio,it={elements_selector:".lazy",container:tt||Z?document:null,threshold:300,thresholds:null,data_src:"src",data_srcset:"srcset",data_sizes:"sizes",data_bg:"bg",data_bg_hidpi:"bg-hidpi",data_bg_multi:"bg-multi",data_bg_multi_hidpi:"bg-multi-hidpi",data_poster:"poster",class_applied:"applied",class_loading:"litespeed-loading",class_loaded:"litespeed-loaded",class_error:"error",class_entered:"entered",class_exited:"exited",unobserve_completed:!0,unobserve_entered:!1,cancel_on_exit:!0,callback_enter:null,callback_exit:null,callback_applied:null,callback_loading:null,callback_loaded:null,callback_error:null,callback_finish:null,callback_cancel:null,use_native:!1},ot="src",rt="srcset",ct="sizes",lt="poster",st="llOriginalAttrs",ut="loading",dt="loaded",ft="applied",_t="error",vt="native",gt="data-",bt="ll-status",pt=[ut,dt,ft,_t],ht=[ot],mt=[ot,lt],Et=[ot,rt,ct],It={IMG:function(t,e){m(t,function(t){A(t,Et),x(t,e)}),A(t,Et),x(t,e)},IFRAME:function(t,e){A(t,ht),w(t,ot,l(t,e.data_src))},VIDEO:function(t,e){a(t,function(t){A(t,ht),w(t,ot,l(t,e.data_src))}),A(t,mt),w(t,lt,l(t,e.data_poster)),w(t,ot,l(t,e.data_src)),t.load()}},yt=["IMG","IFRAME","VIDEO"],At={IMG:P,IFRAME:function(t){k(t,ht)},VIDEO:function(t){a(t,function(t){k(t,ht)}),k(t,mt),t.load()}},kt=["IMG","IFRAME","VIDEO"];return t.prototype={update:function(t){var e,n,a,i=this._settings,o=X(t,i);{if(h(this,o.length),!tt&&et)return H(i)?(e=i,n=this,o.forEach(function(t){-1!==kt.indexOf(t.tagName)&&F(t,e,n)}),void h(n,0)):(t=this._observer,i=o,t.disconnect(),a=t,void i.forEach(function(t){a.observe(t)}));this.loadAll(o)}},destroy:function(){this._observer&&this._observer.disconnect(),Q(this._settings).forEach(function(t){y(t)}),delete this._observer,delete this._settings,delete this.loadingCount,delete this.toLoadCount},loadAll:function(t){var e=this,n=this._settings;X(t,n).forEach(function(t){b(t,e),V(t,n,e)})},restoreAll:function(){var e=this._settings;Q(e).forEach(function(t){U(t,e)})}},t.load=function(t,e){e=i(e);V(t,e)},t.resetStatus=function(t){r(t)},Z&&function(t,e){if(e)if(e.length)for(var n,a=0;n=e[a];a+=1)o(t,n);else o(t,e)}(t,window.lazyLoadOptions),t});!function(e,t){"use strict";function a(){t.body.classList.add("litespeed_lazyloaded")}function n(){console.log("[LiteSpeed] Start Lazy Load Images"),d=new LazyLoad({elements_selector:"[data-lazyloaded]",callback_finish:a}),o=function(){d.update()},e.MutationObserver&&new MutationObserver(o).observe(t.documentElement,{childList:!0,subtree:!0,attributes:!0})}var d,o;e.addEventListener?e.addEventListener("load",n,!1):e.attachEvent("onload",n)}(window,document);</script><script data-no-optimize="1">var litespeed_vary=document.cookie.replace(/(?:(?:^|.*;\s*)_lscache_vary\s*\=\s*([^;]*).*$)|^.*$/,"");litespeed_vary||fetch("/wp-content/plugins/litespeed-cache/guest.vary.php",{method:"POST",cache:"no-cache",redirect:"follow"}).then(e=>e.json()).then(e=>{console.log(e),e.hasOwnProperty("reload")&&"yes"==e.reload&&(sessionStorage.setItem("litespeed_docref",document.referrer),window.location.reload(!0))});</script></body></html> <!-- Page optimized by LiteSpeed Cache @2025-02-20 13:57:30 --> <!-- Page cached by LiteSpeed Cache 6.5.4 on 2025-02-20 13:57:30 --> <!-- Guest Mode -->