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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Early history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judicate_of_Cagliari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judicate_of_Cagliari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Judicate of Cagliari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judicate_of_Cagliari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-11th_to_13th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#11th_to_13th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>11th to 13th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-11th_to_13th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-14th_to_17th_centuries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#14th_to_17th_centuries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>14th to 17th centuries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-14th_to_17th_centuries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-18th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#18th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>18th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-18th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_age" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_age"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Modern age</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modern_age-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coats_of_Arms_of_Cagliari" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coats_of_Arms_of_Cagliari"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Coats of Arms of Cagliari</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coats_of_Arms_of_Cagliari-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pirri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pirri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Pirri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pirri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks_and_recreation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks_and_recreation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Parks and recreation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks_and_recreation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Beaches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beaches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Beaches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beaches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Metropolitan_City" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metropolitan_City"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Metropolitan City</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metropolitan_City-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_sights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_sights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Main sights</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Main_sights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Museums_and_galleries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums_and_galleries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Museums and galleries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums_and_galleries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Feast_of_Sant'Efis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Feast_of_Sant'Efis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Feast of Sant'Efis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Feast_of_Sant'Efis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Other events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gastronomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gastronomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Gastronomy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gastronomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_care" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_care"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Health care</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_care-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Airport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Airport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Roads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.3</span> <span>Ports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.4</span> <span>Railways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urban_and_suburban_mobility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_and_suburban_mobility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.5</span> <span>Urban and suburban mobility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban_and_suburban_mobility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>International relations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle International relations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13.1</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consulates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consulates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Consulates</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consulates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cagliari</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 112 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-112" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">112 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="كالياري – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كالياري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1ller" title="Cáller – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cáller" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalyari" title="Kalyari – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kalyari" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="کالیاری – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کالیاری" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Кальяры – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кальяры" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Кальяры – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кальяры" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Каляри – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Каляри" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casteddu" title="Casteddu – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Casteddu" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A0ller" title="Càller – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Càller" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Кальяри – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кальяри" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari_(kapital_sa_rehiyon)" title="Cagliari (kapital sa rehiyon) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Cagliari (kapital sa rehiyon)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A0gliari" title="Càgliari – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Càgliari" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B9" title="Κάλιαρι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κάλιαρι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaljaro" title="Kaljaro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kaljaro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="کالیاری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کالیاری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%BC%EB%A6%AC%EC%95%84%EB%A6%AC" title="칼리아리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="칼리아리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AB%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB" title="Կալիարի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կալիարի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Кальяри – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Кальяри" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%99" title="קליארי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קליארי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="კალიარი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კალიარი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Кальяри – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кальяри" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Кальяри – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кальяри" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kagliari" title="Kagliari – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Kagliari" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caralis" title="Caralis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Caralis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalj%C4%81ri" title="Kaljāri – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kaljāri" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaljaris" title="Kaljaris – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kaljaris" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="कॅल्यारी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कॅल्यारी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="კალიარი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კალიარი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%89" title="كاليارى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كاليارى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Кальяри – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Кальяри" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari_(stad)" title="Cagliari (stad) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Cagliari (stad)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%A3%E3%83%AA" title="カリャリ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カリャリ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Кальяри – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Кальяри" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cast%C3%A8l_(vila)" title="Castèl (vila) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Castèl (vila)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%DA%AF%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="کاگلیاری – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کاگلیاری" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A0liari" title="Càliari – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Càliari" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Кальяри – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кальяри" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80" title="कगलिआरी – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="कगलिआरी" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casteddu" title="Casteddu – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Casteddu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaljari" title="Kaljari – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kaljari" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A0gliari" title="Càgliari – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Càgliari" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%99%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Каљари – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Каљари" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Кальяри – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кальяри" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5" title="คัลยารี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คัลยารี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%8F%D1%80%D1%96" title="Кальярі – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кальярі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="کالیاری – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کالیاری" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cajari" title="Cajari – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Cajari" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E9%87%8C" title="卡利亚里 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="卡利亚里" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9E%E9%87%8C" title="卡利亞里 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="卡利亞里" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalyari" title="Kalyari – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Kalyari" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliari" title="Cagliari – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Cagliari" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E5%88%A9%E4%BA%9A%E9%87%8C" title="卡利亚里 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="卡利亚里" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaljari" title="Kaljari – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Kaljari" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1897#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cagliari&params=39_13_40_N_09_06_40_E_region:IT_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">39°13′40″N</span> <span class="longitude">09°06′40″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">39.22778°N 9.11111°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">39.22778; 9.11111</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Largest city in Sardinia, Italy</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Carales" and "Caralis" redirect here. For the moth, see <a href="/wiki/Carales_(moth)" title="Carales (moth)">Carales (moth)</a>. For the ancient city of Asia Minor, see <a href="/wiki/Carallis" class="mw-redirect" title="Carallis">Carallis</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Cagliari_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Cagliari (disambiguation)">Cagliari (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Calgary" title="Calgary">Calgary</a> or <a href="/wiki/Caligari_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Caligari (disambiguation)">Caligari</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Comune in Sardinia, Italy</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Cagliari</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="it"><span title="Sardinian-language text"><i lang="sc">Casteddu</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Sardinian_language" title="Sardinian language">Sardinian</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it"><a href="/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">Comune</a></i></span></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Comune di Cagliari</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cagliari_collage.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Bastione of Saint Remy; Marina Piccola; View of Castello; Basilica of San Saturnino; City Hall; Basilica of Bonaria; View of the Poetto beach; View of Monte Claro park; View of Molentargius park"><img alt="Bastione of Saint Remy; Marina Piccola; View of Castello; Basilica of San Saturnino; City Hall; Basilica of Bonaria; View of the Poetto beach; View of Monte Claro park; View of Molentargius park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Cagliari_collage.png/250px-Cagliari_collage.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="444" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Cagliari_collage.png/375px-Cagliari_collage.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Cagliari_collage.png/500px-Cagliari_collage.png 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Bastione of Saint Remy; Marina Piccola; View of Castello; Basilica of San Saturnino; City Hall; Basilica of Bonaria; View of the Poetto beach; View of Monte Claro park; View of Molentargius park</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Cagliari.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Cagliari"><img alt="Flag of Cagliari" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Cagliari.svg/100px-Flag_of_Cagliari.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Cagliari.svg/150px-Flag_of_Cagliari.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Cagliari.svg/200px-Flag_of_Cagliari.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cagliari-Stemma.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Cagliari"><img alt="Coat of arms of Cagliari" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Cagliari-Stemma.svg/100px-Cagliari-Stemma.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Cagliari-Stemma.svg/150px-Cagliari-Stemma.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Cagliari-Stemma.svg/200px-Cagliari-Stemma.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="486" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; height:5px;">Location of Cagliari</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-overlays="["_3f8779ec40b4cd41361a005256952b6b19df2874"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Cagliari&revid=1259649876&groups=_3f8779ec40b4cd41361a005256952b6b19df2874" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Cagliari&revid=1259649876&groups=_3f8779ec40b4cd41361a005256952b6b19df2874 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cagliari is located in Italy"><img alt="Cagliari is located in Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg/250px-Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="314" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg/375px-Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg/500px-Italy_provincial_location_map_2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1034" data-file-height="1299" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:67.539%;left:22.743%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Cagliari"><img alt="Cagliari" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Cagliari</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Cagliari in Italy</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Italy</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_Sardinia_location_map_IT.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cagliari is located in Sardinia"><img alt="Cagliari is located in Sardinia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Italy_Sardinia_location_map_IT.svg/250px-Italy_Sardinia_location_map_IT.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="448" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Italy_Sardinia_location_map_IT.svg/375px-Italy_Sardinia_location_map_IT.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Italy_Sardinia_location_map_IT.svg/500px-Italy_Sardinia_location_map_IT.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="1078" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:82.626%;left:55.556%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Cagliari"><img alt="Cagliari" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Cagliari</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Cagliari (Sardinia)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Sardinia</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cagliari&params=39_13_40_N_09_06_40_E_region:IT_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">39°13′40″N</span> <span class="longitude">09°06′40″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">39.22778°N 9.11111°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">39.22778; 9.11111</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy" title="Regions of Italy">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_cities_of_Italy" title="Metropolitan cities of Italy">Metropolitan city</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Cagliari" title="Metropolitan City of Cagliari">Cagliari</a> (CA)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Massimo_Zedda" title="Massimo Zedda">Massimo Zedda</a> (<a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(Sardinia)" title="Progressive Party (Sardinia)">Progressive Party</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-16139ca327c50d72c40d8c5fd3abe706b989650e-v18_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-16139ca327c50d72c40d8c5fd3abe706b989650e-v18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">85.45 km<sup>2</sup> (32.99 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">4 m (13 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2015)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">154,460</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,800/km<sup>2</sup> (4,700/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B1" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+1">UTC+1</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B2" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+2">UTC+2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">09100</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_dialling_codes_in_Italy" title="List of dialling codes in Italy">Dialing code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">070</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Statistics_(Italy)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Institute of Statistics (Italy)">ISTAT</a> code</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ottomilacensus.istat.it/comune/092/092009">092009 </a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Patron saint</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Saturninus_of_Cagliari" title="Saturninus of Cagliari">St. Saturninus</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Saint day</th><td class="infobox-data">30 October</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.comune.cagliari.it/">Official website</a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Cagliari</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/ɑːr/: 'ar' in 'far'">ɑːr</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">also <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɑːr/: 'ar' in 'far'">ɑːr</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Italian:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="it-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Italian" title="Help:IPA/Italian">[ˈkaʎʎari]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/b1\/It-Cagliari.ogg\/It-Cagliari.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"It-Cagliari.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b1/It-Cagliari.ogg/It-Cagliari.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:It-Cagliari.ogg" title="File:It-Cagliari.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Sardinian_language" title="Sardinian language">Sardinian</a>: <i lang="sc">Casteddu</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="sc-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Sardinian" title="Help:IPA/Sardinian">[kasˈteɖːu]</a></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Caralis</i>) is an <a href="/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">Italian municipality</a> and the capital and largest city of the island of <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy#Autonomous_regions_with_special_statute" title="Regions of Italy">autonomous region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has about 155,000 inhabitants,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while its <a href="/wiki/Cagliari_metropolitan_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Cagliari metropolitan city">metropolitan city</a> (including Cagliari and 16 other nearby municipalities) has about 420,000 inhabitants. According to <a href="/wiki/Eurostat" title="Eurostat">Eurostat</a>, the population of the <a href="/wiki/Larger_urban_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Larger urban zone">functional urban area</a>, the commuting zone of Cagliari, rises to 476,975.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cagliari is the 26th largest city in Italy and the largest city on the island of Sardinia. </p><p>An ancient city with a long history, Cagliari has seen the rule of several civilisations. Under the buildings of the modern city there is a continuous stratification attesting to human settlement over the course of some five thousand years, from the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> to today. Historical sites include the prehistoric <a href="/wiki/Domus_de_Janas" title="Domus de Janas">Domus de Janas</a>, very damaged by cave activity, a large <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Carthage" title="Ancient Carthage">Carthaginian era</a> <a href="/wiki/Necropolis" title="Necropolis">necropolis</a>, a Roman era <a href="/wiki/Amphitheatre" title="Amphitheatre">amphitheatre</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> <a href="/wiki/Basilica" title="Basilica">basilica</a>, three Pisan-era towers and a strong system of fortification that made the town the core of <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Spain" title="Habsburg Spain">Spanish Habsburg</a> imperial power in the western <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>. Its natural resources have always been its sheltered harbour, the often powerfully fortified hill of <i>Castel di Castro</i>, the modern <i>Casteddu</i>, the <a href="/wiki/Salt" title="Salt">salt</a> from its lagoons, and, from the <a href="/wiki/Hinterland" title="Hinterland">hinterland</a>, wheat from the <a href="/wiki/Campidano" title="Campidano">Campidano</a> plain and silver and other ores from the <a href="/wiki/Iglesiente" title="Iglesiente">Iglesiente</a> mines. </p><p>Cagliari was the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia" title="Kingdom of Sardinia">Kingdom of Sardinia</a> from 1324 to 1848, when <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a> became the formal capital of the kingdom (which in 1861 became the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a>). Today the city is a regional cultural, educational, political and artistic centre, known for its diverse <a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> architecture and several monuments.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is also Sardinia's economic and industrial hub, having one of the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Cagliari" title="Port of Cagliari">biggest ports in the Mediterranean Sea</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Cagliari-Elmas_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Cagliari-Elmas Airport">international airport</a>, and the 106th highest income level in Italy (among 8,092 <a href="/wiki/Comuni" class="mw-redirect" title="Comuni">comuni</a>), comparable to that of several northern Italian cities.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is also the seat of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cagliari" title="University of Cagliari">University of Cagliari</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Unica_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Unica-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> founded in 1607, and of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Cagliari" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cagliari">Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Cagliari</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> since the 5th century AD. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cagliari&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Cagliari" title="History of Cagliari">History of Cagliari</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Cagliari" title="Timeline of Cagliari">Timeline of Cagliari</a>.</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MONTE_CLARO.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/MONTE_CLARO.jpg/180px-MONTE_CLARO.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/MONTE_CLARO.jpg/270px-MONTE_CLARO.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/MONTE_CLARO.jpg/360px-MONTE_CLARO.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a><figcaption>Monte Claro culture pottery</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cagliari&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mosaico_Karalitani_Ostia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Mosaico_Karalitani_Ostia.jpg/180px-Mosaico_Karalitani_Ostia.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Mosaico_Karalitani_Ostia.jpg/270px-Mosaico_Karalitani_Ostia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Mosaico_Karalitani_Ostia.jpg/360px-Mosaico_Karalitani_Ostia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="492" /></a><figcaption>Karalitan ship owners and traders, mosaic in <a href="/wiki/Ostia_Antica" title="Ostia Antica">Ostia Antica</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Cagliari area has been inhabited since the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a>. It occupies a favourable position between the sea and a fertile plain and is surrounded by two <a href="/wiki/Marsh" title="Marsh">marshes</a> (which provides defence against attacks from the inland). There are high mountains nearby, to which people could evacuate if the settlement had to be given up. Relics of prehistoric inhabitants were found in the hill of Monte Claro (<a href="/wiki/Monte_Claro_culture" title="Monte Claro culture">Monte Claro culture</a>) and in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Sant%27Elia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cape Sant'Elia (page does not exist)">Cape Sant'Elia</a> (several <a href="/wiki/Domus_de_janas" class="mw-redirect" title="Domus de janas">domus de janas</a>). </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PUNIC_ERA_INSCRIPTION.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/PUNIC_ERA_INSCRIPTION.jpg/180px-PUNIC_ERA_INSCRIPTION.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/PUNIC_ERA_INSCRIPTION.jpg/270px-PUNIC_ERA_INSCRIPTION.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/PUNIC_ERA_INSCRIPTION.jpg/360px-PUNIC_ERA_INSCRIPTION.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Giardino_Birocchi_inscription" title="Giardino Birocchi inscription">Giardino Birocchi inscription</a>, a Punic era inscription from the <a href="/wiki/Museo_archeologico_nazionale_(Cagliari)" class="mw-redirect" title="Museo archeologico nazionale (Cagliari)">National Archeological Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Necropoli_di_Tuvixeddu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Necropoli_di_Tuvixeddu.jpg/180px-Necropoli_di_Tuvixeddu.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Necropoli_di_Tuvixeddu.jpg/270px-Necropoli_di_Tuvixeddu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Necropoli_di_Tuvixeddu.jpg/360px-Necropoli_di_Tuvixeddu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Necropolis of Tuvixeddu</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roman_Amphitheatre_of_Cagliari.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Roman_Amphitheatre_of_Cagliari.jpg/180px-Roman_Amphitheatre_of_Cagliari.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Roman_Amphitheatre_of_Cagliari.jpg/270px-Roman_Amphitheatre_of_Cagliari.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Roman_Amphitheatre_of_Cagliari.jpg/360px-Roman_Amphitheatre_of_Cagliari.jpg 2x" data-file-width="516" data-file-height="378" /></a><figcaption><i>Is Centu Scalas</i> ("a hundred steps"), the <a href="/wiki/Roman_amphitheatre_of_Cagliari" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman amphitheatre of Cagliari">Roman amphitheatre of Cagliari</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Karaly</b> (<a href="/wiki/Punic_language" title="Punic language">Punic</a>: <span lang="xpu" dir="rtl">𐤊𐤓𐤋‬𐤉</span>, <span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">KRLY</span></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMastino2006_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMastino2006-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was established around the 8th/7th century BC as one of a string of <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenician</a> colonies in Sardinia, including <a href="/wiki/Tharros" title="Tharros">Tharros</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The etymology of the toponym is unknown. It almost certainly does not come from the Phoenician language, but it has some similarities with other Sardinian or Asia Minor toponyms.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its founding is linked to its position along communication routes with Africa as well as to its excellent port. The Phoenician settlement was located in the <a href="/wiki/Stagno_di_Cagliari" title="Stagno di Cagliari">Stagno di Santa Gilla</a>, west of the present centre of Cagliari. This was also the site of the Roman <i>Portus Scipio</i>, and when Arab pirates raided the area in the 8th century it became the refuge for people fleeing from the city. Other Phoenician settlements have been found at Cape Sant'Elia. </p><p>In the late 6th century BC <a href="/wiki/Carthage" title="Carthage">Carthage</a> took control of part of Sardinia, and Cagliari grew substantially under its domination, as testified by the large <a href="/wiki/Tuvixeddu_necropolis" title="Tuvixeddu necropolis">Tuvixeddu necropolis</a> and other remains. Cagliari was a fortified settlement in what is now the modern Marina quarter, with an annexed holy area in the modern Stampace. </p><p>Sardinia and Cagliari came under <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman rule</a> in 238 BC, shortly after the <a href="/wiki/First_Punic_War" title="First Punic War">First Punic War</a>, when the Romans defeated the Carthaginians. No mention of it is found on the occasion of the Roman conquest of the island but, during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Punic_War" title="Second Punic War">Second Punic War</a>, <b>Caralis</b> was the headquarters of the praetor, <a href="/wiki/Titus_Manlius_Torquatus_(dictator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Titus Manlius Torquatus (dictator)">Titus Manlius Torquatus</a>, whence he conducted his operations against <a href="/wiki/Hampsicora" title="Hampsicora">Hampsicora</a> and the Carthaginians.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At other times it was also the Romans' chief naval station on the island and the residence of its praetor.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Romans built a new settlement east of the old Punic city, the <i>vicus munitus Caralis</i> (i.e. the fortified <a href="/wiki/Vicus_(Rome)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicus (Rome)">community</a> of Caralis) mentioned by <a href="/wiki/Varro_Atacinus" title="Varro Atacinus">Varro Atacinus</a>. The two urban agglomerations merged gradually during the second century BC; to this process is perhaps attributable the plural name <b>Carales</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Florus" title="Florus">Florus</a> calls it the <i>urbs urbium</i> or capital of Sardinia. He represents it as taken and severely punished by <a href="/wiki/Gracchus" class="mw-redirect" title="Gracchus">Gracchus</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but this statement is wholly at variance with Livy's account of the wars of Gracchus, in Sardinia, according to which the cities were faithful to Rome, and the revolt was confined to the mountain tribes.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/Caesar%27s_civil_war" title="Caesar's civil war">Civil War</a> between <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Caesar</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pompey" title="Pompey">Pompey</a>, the citizens of Caralis were the first to declare in favor of the former, an example soon followed by the other cities of Sardinia;<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Caesar himself touched there with his fleet on his return from Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A few years later, when Sardinia fell into the hands of <a href="/wiki/Menas_(freedman)" title="Menas (freedman)">Menas</a>, the lieutenant of <a href="/wiki/Sextus_Pompeius" class="mw-redirect" title="Sextus Pompeius">Sextus Pompeius</a>, Caralis was the only city which offered any resistance, but was taken after a short siege.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cagliari continued to be regarded as the capital of the island under the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, and though it did not become a <a href="/wiki/Colonia_(Roman)" title="Colonia (Roman)">colony</a>, obtained the status of <i><a href="/wiki/Municipium" title="Municipium">municipium</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Remains of Roman public buildings were found to the west of Marina in Piazza del Carmine. There was an area of ordinary housing near the modern Via Roma, and richer houses on the slopes of the Marina distinct. The amphitheatre is located to the west of the Castello. </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a> community is attested in Cagliari at least as early as the 3rd century, and by the end of that century the city had a Christian bishop. In the middle decades of the 4th century bishop <a href="/wiki/Lucifer_of_Cagliari" title="Lucifer of Cagliari">Lucifer of Cagliari</a> was exiled because of his opposition to the sentence against <a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Milan" title="Synod of Milan">Synod of Milan</a>. He was banished to the desert of <a href="/wiki/Thebais" class="mw-redirect" title="Thebais">Thebais</a> by the emperor <a href="/wiki/Constantius_II" title="Constantius II">Constantius II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Claudian" title="Claudian">Claudian</a> describes the ancient city of Karalis as extending to a considerable length towards the promontory or headland, the projection of which sheltered its port. The port affords good anchorage for large vessels, but besides this, which is only a well-sheltered standby, there is a large salt-water lake or lagoon, called the <a href="/wiki/Stagno_di_Cagliari" title="Stagno di Cagliari">Stagno di Cagliari</a>, adjoining the city and communicating by a narrow channel with the bay, which appears from Claudian to have been used in ancient times as an inner harbor or basin.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The promontory adjoining the city is evidently that noticed by Ptolemy (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Κάραλις πόλις καὶ ἄκρα</span></span>), but the Caralitanum Promontorium of <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny</a> can be no other than the headland, now called <a href="/wiki/Capo_Carbonara" class="mw-redirect" title="Capo Carbonara">Capo Carbonara</a>, which forms the eastern boundary of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Cagliari" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulf of Cagliari">Gulf of Cagliari</a> and the southeast point of the whole island. Immediately off it lay the little island of Ficaria,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> now called the <i>Isola dei Cavoli</i> ("Cabbage Island" in Italian, <i>Isula de is Càvurus</i> "Crab Island" in Sardinian). </p><p>After the fall of the <a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western Roman Empire</a> Cagliari fell, together with the rest of Sardinia, into the hands of the <a href="/wiki/Vandals" title="Vandals">Vandals</a>, but appears to have retained its importance throughout the Middle Ages. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SanpietroCA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/SanpietroCA.jpg/180px-SanpietroCA.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/SanpietroCA.jpg/270px-SanpietroCA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/SanpietroCA.jpg/360px-SanpietroCA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Saint Peter of the Fishermen church, 12th century. One of the few survived buildings of Santa Igia.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judicate_of_Cagliari">Judicate of Cagliari</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cagliari&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Judicate of Cagliari"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Judicate_of_Cagliari" title="Judicate of Cagliari">Judicate of Cagliari</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Et%C3%A0_bizantina,_botteghe_alto-giudicali_sarde,_plutei_di_san_macario,_da_sant%27efisio_di_nora,_950_dc_ca._01_grifo_e_pegaso_tra_albero_della_vita.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Et%C3%A0_bizantina%2C_botteghe_alto-giudicali_sarde%2C_plutei_di_san_macario%2C_da_sant%27efisio_di_nora%2C_950_dc_ca._01_grifo_e_pegaso_tra_albero_della_vita.jpg/220px-Et%C3%A0_bizantina%2C_botteghe_alto-giudicali_sarde%2C_plutei_di_san_macario%2C_da_sant%27efisio_di_nora%2C_950_dc_ca._01_grifo_e_pegaso_tra_albero_della_vita.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Et%C3%A0_bizantina%2C_botteghe_alto-giudicali_sarde%2C_plutei_di_san_macario%2C_da_sant%27efisio_di_nora%2C_950_dc_ca._01_grifo_e_pegaso_tra_albero_della_vita.jpg/330px-Et%C3%A0_bizantina%2C_botteghe_alto-giudicali_sarde%2C_plutei_di_san_macario%2C_da_sant%27efisio_di_nora%2C_950_dc_ca._01_grifo_e_pegaso_tra_albero_della_vita.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Et%C3%A0_bizantina%2C_botteghe_alto-giudicali_sarde%2C_plutei_di_san_macario%2C_da_sant%27efisio_di_nora%2C_950_dc_ca._01_grifo_e_pegaso_tra_albero_della_vita.jpg/440px-Et%C3%A0_bizantina%2C_botteghe_alto-giudicali_sarde%2C_plutei_di_san_macario%2C_da_sant%27efisio_di_nora%2C_950_dc_ca._01_grifo_e_pegaso_tra_albero_della_vita.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4446" data-file-height="2358" /></a><figcaption>Griffin and Pegasus pluteo, Byzantine Middle Ages. National Archaeological Museum of Cagliari.</figcaption></figure> <p>Subsequently, ruled by the Vandals, <a href="/wiki/Ostrogoths" title="Ostrogoths">Ostrogoths</a>, and then part of the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>, Cagliari became the capital of a gradually independent <a href="/wiki/Sardinian_medieval_kingdoms" title="Sardinian medieval kingdoms">Judicate</a>, (from Latin Iudex, Governor and Supreme Magistrate, used in late Roman and Byzantine period, along with the medieval Greek ἄρχων). This state was born around 1020 and was overthrown by the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Pisa" title="Republic of Pisa">Republic of Pisa</a> in 1258. Due to the overlap of buildings since the year 800 B.C., and the scarcity of archeological and historical informations, it was believed that the population was moved to more inland areas of the territory, along the lagoon, in a city called Santa Ilia or <a href="/wiki/Santa_Igia" title="Santa Igia">Santa Igia</a> (modern San Gilla) and it was believed that the ancient Roman and Byzantine city had been abandoned because it was too exposed to attacks by <a href="/wiki/Moors" title="Moors">Moorish</a> pirates coming from north Africa and Spain. Recent studies have instead hypothesized that the capital of the Giudicato was located around the road that it directed towards <a href="/wiki/Sassari" title="Sassari">Sassari</a>, today called Corso Vittorio Emanuele II (in Sardinian language: Su Brugu, the borough), although there are not yet archeological confirmations, particularly of the Cathedral and the Judex Palace, destroyed after the Pisan conquest.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Judicate of Cagliari comprised a large area of the Campidano plain, the <a href="/wiki/Sulcis" title="Sulcis">Sulcis</a>-<a href="/wiki/Iglesiente" title="Iglesiente">Iglesiente</a> and the mountain region of <a href="/wiki/Ogliastra" class="mw-redirect" title="Ogliastra">Ogliastra</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="11th_to_13th_century">11th to 13th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cagliari&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 11th to 13th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TorreElefanteCagliari-pjt2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/TorreElefanteCagliari-pjt2.jpg/180px-TorreElefanteCagliari-pjt2.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/TorreElefanteCagliari-pjt2.jpg/270px-TorreElefanteCagliari-pjt2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/TorreElefanteCagliari-pjt2.jpg/360px-TorreElefanteCagliari-pjt2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="4928" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Torre_dell%27Elefante" title="Torre dell'Elefante">Torre dell'Elefante</a> (1307)</figcaption></figure> <p>During the 11th century, the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Pisa" title="Republic of Pisa">Republic of Pisa</a> began to extend its political influence over the Judgedom of Cagliari. Pisa and the maritime <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">republic of Genoa</a> had a keen interest in Sardinia because it was a perfect strategic base for controlling the commercial routes between Italy and North Africa. </p><p>In 1215 the Pisan <a href="/wiki/Lamberto_Visconti" class="mw-redirect" title="Lamberto Visconti">Lamberto Visconti</a>, husband of <a href="/wiki/Elena_of_Gallura" title="Elena of Gallura">Elena of Gallura</a>, forced the judikessa <a href="/wiki/Benedetta_of_Cagliari" title="Benedetta of Cagliari">Benedetta of Cagliari</a> to give him the mount located east of <a href="/wiki/Santa_Igia" title="Santa Igia">Santa Igia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECasula1994209-210_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECasula1994209-210-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon (1216–17) Pisan merchants established there a new fortified city, known as <i>Castel di Castro</i>, which can be considered the ancestor of the modern city of Cagliari.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECasula1994209-210_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECasula1994209-210-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1258, after the defeat of <a href="/wiki/William_III_of_Cagliari" title="William III of Cagliari">William III</a>, the last king of Cagliari, the Pisans and their Sardinian allies (<a href="/wiki/Giudicato_of_Arborea" class="mw-redirect" title="Giudicato of Arborea">Arborea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giudicato_of_Gallura" class="mw-redirect" title="Giudicato of Gallura">Gallura</a> and <a href="/wiki/Giudicato_of_Logudoro" class="mw-redirect" title="Giudicato of Logudoro">Logudoro</a>) destroyed the old capital of Santa Igia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECasula1994209-210_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECasula1994209-210-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Judgedom of Cagliari was then divided into three parts: the northeast third went to Gallura; the central portion was incorporated into Arborea; <a href="/wiki/Sulcis" title="Sulcis">Sulcis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iglesiente" title="Iglesiente">Iglesiente</a>, on the southwest, were given to the Pisan <a href="/wiki/Della_Gherardesca" class="mw-redirect" title="Della Gherardesca">della Gherardesca</a> family, while the Republic of Pisa maintained control over its colony of Castel di Castro.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECasula1994210-212_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECasula1994210-212-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some of the fortifications that still surround the current district of Castello were built by the Pisans, including the two remaining white limestone towers (early 14th century) designed by the architect <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Capula" title="Giovanni Capula">Giovanni Capula</a>. Together with the district of Castello, Castel di Castro comprised the districts of <a href="/wiki/Marina" title="Marina">Marina</a> (which included the port), and later <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stampace&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stampace (page does not exist)">Stampace</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stampace" class="extiw" title="it:Stampace">it</a>]</span> and Villanova. Marina and Stampace were guarded by walls, in contrast to Villanova, which was mostly home to peasants. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="14th_to_17th_centuries">14th to 17th centuries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cagliari&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 14th to 17th centuries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia" title="Kingdom of Sardinia">Kingdom of Sardinia</a></div> <p>In the second decade of the 14th century the <a href="/wiki/Crown_of_Aragon" title="Crown of Aragon">Crown of Aragon</a> <a href="/wiki/Aragonese_conquest_of_Sardinia" title="Aragonese conquest of Sardinia">conquered Sardinia</a> after a series of battles against the <a href="/wiki/Pisa" title="Pisa">Pisans</a>. During the siege of Castel di Castro (1324-1326), the Aragonese, led by <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_IV_of_Aragon" title="Alfonso IV of Aragon">Alfonso IV of Aragon</a>, built a stronghold on a more southern hill, that of Bonaria. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Braun_hogenberg_Cagliari_1572.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Braun_hogenberg_Cagliari_1572.jpg/220px-Braun_hogenberg_Cagliari_1572.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Braun_hogenberg_Cagliari_1572.jpg/330px-Braun_hogenberg_Cagliari_1572.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Braun_hogenberg_Cagliari_1572.jpg/440px-Braun_hogenberg_Cagliari_1572.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2486" data-file-height="1718" /></a><figcaption>View of Cagliari from <i>Civitates orbis terrarium</i> (1572) by <a href="/wiki/Georg_Braun" title="Georg Braun">Georg Braun</a></figcaption></figure> <p>When the fortified city was finally conquered by the Aragonese army, Castel di Castro (<i>Castel de Càller</i> or simply Càller in <a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a>) became the administrative capital of the newborn <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia" title="Kingdom of Sardinia">Kingdom of Sardinia</a>, one of the many kingdoms forming the Crown of Aragon, which later came under the rule of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Empire" title="Spanish Empire">Spanish Empire</a>. After the expulsion of the Tuscans,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECasula1994304_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECasula1994304-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Castello district was repopulated by the Aragonese settlers of Bonaria while the indigenous population was, as in the past, concentrated in Stampace and Villanova. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings of Sardinia">kings of Sardinia</a>, also <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Aragon" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings of Aragon">kings of Aragon</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings of Spain">kings of Spain</a>, were represented in Cagliari by a <a href="/wiki/List_of_viceroys_of_Sardinia" title="List of viceroys of Sardinia">viceroy</a>, who resided in the <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Regio" title="Palazzo Regio">Palazzo Regio</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PalazzoRegio3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/PalazzoRegio3.jpg/220px-PalazzoRegio3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="290" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/PalazzoRegio3.jpg/330px-PalazzoRegio3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/PalazzoRegio3.jpg/440px-PalazzoRegio3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2262" data-file-height="2977" /></a><figcaption>Interior view of the <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Regio" title="Palazzo Regio">Royal Palace of Cagliari</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the 16th century the fortifications of the city were strengthened with the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Bastion" title="Bastion">bastions</a> and the rights and benefits of the Aragonese were extended to all citizens. The intellectual life was relatively lively and in the early years of the 17th century the university was founded. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="18th_century">18th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cagliari&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 18th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1718,<sup id="cite_ref-Guide_to_Cagliari_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guide_to_Cagliari-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after a brief rule by the <a href="/wiki/Habsburgs" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburgs">Habsburgs</a>, Cagliari and <a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a> came under the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Savoy" title="House of Savoy">House of Savoy</a>. As rulers of Sardinia, the Savoys took the title of kings of the Sardinian kingdom. During the Savoyard Era, until 1848, the institutions of the Sardinian kingdom remained unchanged, but with the "<a href="/wiki/Perfect_Fusion" title="Perfect Fusion">Perfect Fusion</a>" in that year, all the possessions of the House of Savoy House, comprising <a href="/wiki/Savoy" title="Savoy">Savoy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a> (now part of <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>), <a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmont</a> and from 1815 <a href="/wiki/Liguria" title="Liguria">Liguria</a>, were merged into a unitary state. Although Sardinian by name, the kingdom had its parliament in <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>, where the Savoys resided, and its members were mainly aristocrats from <a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmont</a> or the mainland. </p><p>In the late 18th century during the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="French Revolutionary Wars">French Revolutionary Wars</a> France tried to conquer Cagliari because of its strategic role in the Mediterranean sea (<i><a href="/wiki/Exp%C3%A9dition_de_Sardaigne" class="mw-redirect" title="Expédition de Sardaigne">Expédition de Sardaigne</a></i>). A French army landed on Poetto beach and advanced towards Cagliari, but the French were defeated by Sardinians who had decided to defend themselves against the revolutionary army. The people of Cagliari hoped to receive some concession from the Savoys in return for their defence of the town. For example, aristocrats from Cagliari asked for a Sardinian representative in the <a href="/wiki/Parliament" title="Parliament">parliament</a> of the kingdom. When the Savoyards refused any concession to the Sardinians, the inhabitants of Cagliari rose up against them and expelled all the representatives of the kingdom along with the Piedmontese rulers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECasula1994468_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECasula1994468-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This insurgence is celebrated in Cagliari during <i><a href="/wiki/Sa_die_de_sa_Sardigna" title="Sa die de sa Sardigna">Sa die de sa Sardigna</a></i> ("The day of Sardinia") on the last weekend of April. However, the Savoys regained control of the town after a brief period of <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_entity" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous entity">autonomous</a> rule. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_age">Modern age</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cagliari&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Modern age"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CagliariBastioneRemy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/CagliariBastioneRemy.jpg/220px-CagliariBastioneRemy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/CagliariBastioneRemy.jpg/330px-CagliariBastioneRemy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/CagliariBastioneRemy.jpg/440px-CagliariBastioneRemy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5312" data-file-height="2988" /></a><figcaption>Triumphal arch <i>King Umberto I</i>, better known as <i>Bastione Saint Remy</i></figcaption></figure> <p>The population by the 1840s had reached 29,000.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Starting in the 1870s, in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Italy" title="Unification of Italy">unification of Italy</a>, the city experienced a century of rapid growth. Numerous buildings combined influences from <a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> together with the traditional Sardinian taste for floral decoration; an example is the <a href="/wiki/White_marble" class="mw-redirect" title="White marble">white marble</a> <a href="/wiki/City_Hall" class="mw-redirect" title="City Hall">City Hall</a> near the port. Many buildings were erected by the end of the 19th century during the term of office of mayor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ottone_Bacaredda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ottone Bacaredda (page does not exist)">Ottone Bacaredda</a>. In 1905 he had to face up to the a violent, bloody revolt against the exorbitant cost of living, stoked by his political opponents and which caused a number of victims and extensive material damage. After various other ups and downs, and following another resignation, he was returned to office between 1911 and 1917. Ottone Bacaredda died in his modest house in Via San Giovanni, on 26 December 1921,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bombs_from_a_B-17_Flying_Fortress_falling_on_Monserrato_Airfield_near_Cagliari,_Sardinia,_1943_(26683983423).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Bombs_from_a_B-17_Flying_Fortress_falling_on_Monserrato_Airfield_near_Cagliari%2C_Sardinia%2C_1943_%2826683983423%29.jpg/220px-Bombs_from_a_B-17_Flying_Fortress_falling_on_Monserrato_Airfield_near_Cagliari%2C_Sardinia%2C_1943_%2826683983423%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Bombs_from_a_B-17_Flying_Fortress_falling_on_Monserrato_Airfield_near_Cagliari%2C_Sardinia%2C_1943_%2826683983423%29.jpg/330px-Bombs_from_a_B-17_Flying_Fortress_falling_on_Monserrato_Airfield_near_Cagliari%2C_Sardinia%2C_1943_%2826683983423%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Bombs_from_a_B-17_Flying_Fortress_falling_on_Monserrato_Airfield_near_Cagliari%2C_Sardinia%2C_1943_%2826683983423%29.jpg/440px-Bombs_from_a_B-17_Flying_Fortress_falling_on_Monserrato_Airfield_near_Cagliari%2C_Sardinia%2C_1943_%2826683983423%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2185" data-file-height="2040" /></a><figcaption>Bombs from a <a href="/wiki/B-17_Flying_Fortress" class="mw-redirect" title="B-17 Flying Fortress">B-17 Flying Fortress</a> falling on Monserrato Airfield near Cagliari, 1943</figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> Cagliari was heavily bombed by the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a> in February 1943. In order to escape from the danger of <a href="/wiki/Bombardment" title="Bombardment">bombardments</a> and difficult living conditions, many people were evacuated from the city into the countryside. In total the victims of the bombings were more than 2000<sup id="cite_ref-Bomb_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bomb-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and about 80% of the buildings were damaged. The city received the <a href="/wiki/Gold_Medal_of_Military_Valour" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold Medal of Military Valour">Gold Medal of Military Valour</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bomb_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bomb-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Armistice_with_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Armistice with Italy">Italian armistice</a> with the Allies in September 1943, the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">German Army</a> took control of Cagliari and the island, but soon retreated peacefully in order to reinforce their positions in mainland Italy. The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">American Army</a> then took control of Cagliari. Airports near the city (<a href="/wiki/Elmas" title="Elmas">Elmas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monserrato" title="Monserrato">Monserrato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Decimomannu" title="Decimomannu">Decimomannu</a>, currently a <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> airbase) were used by Allied aircraft to fly to North Africa or mainland Italy and <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>. </p><p>After the war, the population of Cagliari grew again and many apartment blocks and recreational areas were erected in new residential districts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coats_of_Arms_of_Cagliari">Coats of Arms of Cagliari</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cagliari&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Coats of Arms of Cagliari"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stemma_di_Cagliari_pisana.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="13th century"><img alt="13th century" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Stemma_di_Cagliari_pisana.jpg/120px-Stemma_di_Cagliari_pisana.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Stemma_di_Cagliari_pisana.jpg/180px-Stemma_di_Cagliari_pisana.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Stemma_di_Cagliari_pisana.jpg/240px-Stemma_di_Cagliari_pisana.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="356" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">13th century </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stemma_del_Comune_di_Cagliari-Corona_d%27Aragona.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="From the 14th to 17th century"><img alt="From the 14th to 17th century" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Stemma_del_Comune_di_Cagliari-Corona_d%27Aragona.svg/120px-Stemma_del_Comune_di_Cagliari-Corona_d%27Aragona.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Stemma_del_Comune_di_Cagliari-Corona_d%27Aragona.svg/180px-Stemma_del_Comune_di_Cagliari-Corona_d%27Aragona.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Stemma_del_Comune_di_Cagliari-Corona_d%27Aragona.svg/240px-Stemma_del_Comune_di_Cagliari-Corona_d%27Aragona.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="602" data-file-height="602" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">From the 14th to 17th century </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cagliari-Stemma.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="From the 18th century to the present"><img alt="From the 18th century to the present" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Cagliari-Stemma.svg/120px-Cagliari-Stemma.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Cagliari-Stemma.svg/180px-Cagliari-Stemma.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Cagliari-Stemma.svg/240px-Cagliari-Stemma.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="486" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">From the 18th century to the present</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cagliari&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cagliari11.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Cagliari11.jpg/220px-Cagliari11.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Cagliari11.jpg/330px-Cagliari11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Cagliari11.jpg/440px-Cagliari11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>The so-called Sella del Diavolo (Devil's Saddle)</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>And suddenly there is Cagliari: a naked town rising steep, steep, golden-looking, piled naked to the sky from the plain at the head of the formless hollow bay. It is strange and rather wonderful, not a bit like Italy. The city piles up lofty and almost miniature, and makes me think of Jerusalem: without trees, without cover, rising rather bare and proud, remote as if back in history, like a town in a monkish, illuminated missal. One wonders how it ever got there. And it seems like Spain—or Malta: not Italy. It is a steep and lonely city, treeless, as in some old illumination. Yet withal rather jewel-like: like a sudden rose-cut amber jewel naked at the depth of the vast indenture. The air is cold, blowing bleak and bitter, the sky is all curd. And that is Cagliari. It has that curious look, as if it could be seen, but not entered. It is like some vision, some memory, something that has passed away. Impossible that one can actually walk in that city: set foot there and eat and laugh there. Ah, no! Yet the ship drifts nearer, nearer, and we are looking for the actual harbour.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><a href="/wiki/D._H._Lawrence" title="D. H. Lawrence">D. H. Lawrence</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Sea_and_Sardinia" title="Sea and Sardinia">Sea and Sardinia</a></i> (1921)<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>The city of Cagliari is situated in the south of Sardinia, overlooking the centre of the eponymous gulf, also called <a href="/wiki/Golfo_degli_Angeli" class="mw-redirect" title="Golfo degli Angeli">Golfo degli Angeli</a> ("Bay of Angels") after an ancient legend. The city is spread over and around the hill of the historic district of Castello and nine other limestone hills of the middle-to-late Miocene, unique heights of a little more than 100 metres (330 ft) <a href="/wiki/Above_mean_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above mean sea level">above sea level</a> on the long plains of Campidano. The plain is actually a <a href="/wiki/Graben" title="Graben">Graben</a> formed during the <a href="/wiki/Alpine_orogeny" title="Alpine orogeny">Alpine orogeny</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Cenozoic" title="Cenozoic">Cenozoic</a>, which separated Sardinia from the European continent, roughly where the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Lion" title="Gulf of Lion">Gulf of Lion</a> is now. The Graben filled in the course of <a href="/wiki/Tectonics" title="Tectonics">tectonic</a> movements associated with the breakup of the ancient island <a href="/wiki/Paleozoic" title="Paleozoic">Paleozoic</a> skeleton.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Castello_San_Michele_(CA).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Castello_San_Michele_%28CA%29.jpg/220px-Castello_San_Michele_%28CA%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Castello_San_Michele_%28CA%29.jpg/330px-Castello_San_Michele_%28CA%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Castello_San_Michele_%28CA%29.jpg/440px-Castello_San_Michele_%28CA%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1332" data-file-height="568" /></a><figcaption>San Michele hill with the <a href="/wiki/Castle_of_San_Michele" title="Castle of San Michele">castle</a> on the top</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cagliari_panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Cagliari_panorama.jpg/220px-Cagliari_panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Cagliari_panorama.jpg/330px-Cagliari_panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Cagliari_panorama.jpg/440px-Cagliari_panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="1050" /></a><figcaption>View over the historical district of Villanova</figcaption></figure> <p>The repeated intrusion of the sea left calcareous sediments that formed a series of hills that mark the territory of Cagliari. Castello is where the fortified town arose in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Age">Middle Age</a> near the harbour of the port, other hills are those of Mount Urpinu, the St. Elias hill, also known as the <i>Sella del Diavolo</i> ("Saddle of the Devil") for its shape, Tuvumannu and Tuvixeddu, the site of the ancient Punic and Roman necropolis, the small Bonaria hill, where the basilica stands, and the San Michele hill, with the eponymous castle on top. The modern city occupies the flat spaces between the hills and the sea to the south and southeast, along the Poetto beach, the lagoons and ponds of Santa Gilla and Molentargius, and the remains of more recent marine intrusions, in an articulate landscape with many landmarks and panoramas of the bay, the plain, and the mountains that surround it on the east (The Seven Brothers and Serpeddì) and west (the mountains of <a href="/wiki/Capoterra" title="Capoterra">Capoterra</a>). On the cold, clear days of winter, the snowy peaks of <a href="/wiki/Gennargentu" title="Gennargentu">Gennargentu</a> can be seen from the highest points of the city. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cagliari.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Cagliari.jpg/220px-Cagliari.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Cagliari.jpg/330px-Cagliari.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Cagliari.jpg/440px-Cagliari.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="528" /></a><figcaption>Fonsarda</figcaption></figure> <p>The city has four historic neighbourhoods: Castello, Marina, Stampace and Villanova and several modern districts (such as San Benedetto, Monte Urpinu and Genneruxi at the east, Sant'Avendrace at the west, Is Mirrionis/San Michele at north and Bonaria, La Palma and Poetto at the south), grown when part of the ancient walls had been demolished in the middle of the 19th century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pirri">Pirri</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cagliari&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Pirri"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PirriSanMichele.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/PirriSanMichele.png/220px-PirriSanMichele.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/PirriSanMichele.png/330px-PirriSanMichele.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/PirriSanMichele.png/440px-PirriSanMichele.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Pirri</figcaption></figure> <p>The comune of Cagliari has one <a href="/wiki/Circoscrizione" title="Circoscrizione">circoscrizione</a>, the town of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pirri,_Sardinia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pirri, Sardinia (page does not exist)">Pirri</a> (about 30.000 inhabitants), former village of the Campidano absorbed in the fast growth after the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parks_and_recreation">Parks and recreation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cagliari&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Parks and recreation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cagliari_Giardini_pubblici.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Cagliari_Giardini_pubblici.jpg/220px-Cagliari_Giardini_pubblici.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Cagliari_Giardini_pubblici.jpg/330px-Cagliari_Giardini_pubblici.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Cagliari_Giardini_pubblici.jpg/440px-Cagliari_Giardini_pubblici.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Roman_statue" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman statue">Roman statue</a> in the old public gardens</figcaption></figure> <p>Cagliari is one of the "greenest" Italian cities. Every inhabitant of Cagliari has access to 87.5 square metres (942 sq ft) of public gardens and parks.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Its mild climate allows the growth of numerous subtropical plants, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Jacaranda_mimosifolia" title="Jacaranda mimosifolia">Jacaranda mimosifolia</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Ficus_macrophylla" title="Ficus macrophylla">Ficus macrophylla</a></i>, with some huge specimens in Via Roma and in the <a href="/wiki/Orto_Botanico_dell%27Universit%C3%A0_di_Cagliari" title="Orto Botanico dell'Università di Cagliari">University Botanic Gardens</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Erythrina_afra" title="Erythrina afra">Erythrina afra</a></i> with its stunning red flowers, <i><a href="/wiki/Ficus_retusa" title="Ficus retusa">Ficus retusa</a></i>, which provides shade for several of the city's streets, <i><a href="/wiki/Araucaria_heterophylla" title="Araucaria heterophylla">Araucaria heterophylla</a></i>, the date palm (<i><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_dactylifera" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenix dactylifera">Phoenix dactylifera</a></i>), the Canary Islands palm (<i><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_canariensis" title="Phoenix canariensis">Phoenix canariensis</a></i>) and the Mexican Fan Palm (<i><a href="/wiki/Washingtonia_robusta" title="Washingtonia robusta">Washingtonia robusta</a></i>). </p><p>Major city parks include: </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monte_Urpinu_Cagliari.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Monte_Urpinu_Cagliari.jpg/300px-Monte_Urpinu_Cagliari.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Monte_Urpinu_Cagliari.jpg/450px-Monte_Urpinu_Cagliari.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Monte_Urpinu_Cagliari.jpg/600px-Monte_Urpinu_Cagliari.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1828" data-file-height="522" /></a><figcaption>Cagliari, panorama from Monti Urpinu Park</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parco_di_Monte_Claro_(CA).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Parco_di_Monte_Claro_%28CA%29.jpg/220px-Parco_di_Monte_Claro_%28CA%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Parco_di_Monte_Claro_%28CA%29.jpg/330px-Parco_di_Monte_Claro_%28CA%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Parco_di_Monte_Claro_%28CA%29.jpg/440px-Parco_di_Monte_Claro_%28CA%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2037" data-file-height="976" /></a><figcaption>Park of Monte Claro</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Monte Urpinu Park, the most wooded, is a low hill covered by a pine (<i><a href="/wiki/Pinus_halepensis" title="Pinus halepensis">Pinus halepensis Mill.</a></i>) and evergreen oak (<i><a href="/wiki/Quercus_ilex" title="Quercus ilex">Quercus ilex L.</a></i>) forest with a dense Mediterranean maquis of mastic (<i><a href="/wiki/Pistacia_lentiscus" title="Pistacia lentiscus">Pistacia lentiscus L.</a></i>), juniper (<i><a href="/wiki/Juniperus_phoenicea" title="Juniperus phoenicea">Juniperus phoenicea L.</a></i>), Kermes oak (<i><a href="/wiki/Quercus_coccifera" title="Quercus coccifera">Quercus coccifera L.</a></i>), wild olive (<i><a href="/wiki/Olea_europaea" class="mw-redirect" title="Olea europaea">Olea europaea L. ssp. europaea, var. sylvestris</a></i>) and tree spurge (<i><a href="/wiki/Euphorbia_dendroides" title="Euphorbia dendroides">Euphorbia dendroides L.</a></i>). It extends for about 25 hectares (62 acres).</li> <li>Park of San Michele hill (about 25 hectares), with its medieval castle on the top;</li> <li>Terramaini Park, about 13 hectares (32 acres), with a little pond which is home to flamingos and other wading birds;</li> <li>Monte Claro Provincial Park, about 22 hectares (54 acres), which hosts the provincial library in an old mansion on the top of the hill;</li> <li>Ex-vetreria Pirri Park, about 2.5 hectares (6.2 acres);</li> <li>Public gardens, the oldest public esplanade of the city, planted in the 19th century, with a wonderful promenade of <i><a href="/wiki/Jacaranda_mimosifolia" title="Jacaranda mimosifolia">Jacaranda mimosifolia D.Don</a></i>.</li></ul> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Molentargius_-_Saline_Regional_Park" title="Molentargius - Saline Regional Park">Molentargius - Saline Regional Park</a><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is located near the city. Some mountain parks, such as Monte Arcosu or Maidopis, with large forests and wildlife (Sardinian deer, wild boars, etc.) are also nearby. </p><p>The city is the starting and ending point of the <a href="/wiki/Path_of_100_Towers_(Sardinia)" title="Path of 100 Towers (Sardinia)">Path of 100 Towers</a>, which consist of a trekking route named after the 105 towers located along the whole Sardinian coast.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Poetto_spiaggia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Poetto_spiaggia.jpg/220px-Poetto_spiaggia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Poetto_spiaggia.jpg/330px-Poetto_spiaggia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Poetto_spiaggia.jpg/440px-Poetto_spiaggia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of Poetto Beach</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Beaches">Beaches</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cagliari&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Beaches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Poetto" title="Poetto">Poetto</a></div> <p>The main beach of Cagliari is the Poetto. It stretches for about 8 kilometres (5 mi), from Sella del Diavolo ("Devil's Saddle") up to the coastline of Quartu Sant'Elena. Poetto is also the name of the district located on the western stretch of the strip between the beach and Saline di Molentargius ("Molentargius's Salt Mine"). </p><p>Another smaller beach is that of Calamosca near the Sant'Elia district. On the coast between Calamosca and Poetto beaches, among the cliffs of the Sella del Diavolo, lies Cala Fighera, a small bay. </p><p>Cagliari is close to other seaside locations such as Santa Margherita di Pula, <a href="/wiki/Chia_(Sardinia)" title="Chia (Sardinia)">Chia</a>, Geremeas, <a href="/wiki/Solanas" title="Solanas">Solanas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Villasimius" title="Villasimius">Villasimius</a> and <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rei" title="Costa Rei">Costa Rei</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cagliari&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Unusual_snowy_Cagliari,_1910.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Unusual_snowy_Cagliari%2C_1910.jpg/220px-Unusual_snowy_Cagliari%2C_1910.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Unusual_snowy_Cagliari%2C_1910.jpg/330px-Unusual_snowy_Cagliari%2C_1910.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Unusual_snowy_Cagliari%2C_1910.jpg/440px-Unusual_snowy_Cagliari%2C_1910.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="462" /></a><figcaption>Snow in Cagliari, 1910</figcaption></figure> <p>Cagliari has a <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_climate" title="Mediterranean climate">hot-summer Mediterranean climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a>: <i>Csa</i>), with hot, dry summers and mild winters like other historical regions along the coast.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its precipitation values also bring it closer to <a href="/wiki/Semi-arid_climate" title="Semi-arid climate">semi-arid</a> conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-ServizioMeteorologico2_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ServizioMeteorologico2-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The summer extreme values can be slightly over 40 °C (104 °F), sometimes with very high humidity, while in winter, under special and rare conditions, the temperature drops slightly below zero. Heavy snowfalls occur on average every thirty years.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The average temperature of the coldest month, January, is about 10 °C (50 °F), and of the warmest month, August, about 25 °C (77 °F). But heat waves can occur, due to African anticyclone, starting in June. From mid-June to mid-September, rain is a rare event, limited to brief afternoon storms. The rainy season starts in September, and the first cold days come in December.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Winds are frequent, especially the <a href="/wiki/Mistral_(wind)" title="Mistral (wind)">mistral</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sirocco" title="Sirocco">sirocco</a>; in summer a marine sirocco breeze (called <i>s'imbattu</i> in <a href="/wiki/Sardinian_language" title="Sardinian language">Sardinian language</a>) lowers the temperature and brings some relief from the heat.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Cagliari (<a href="/wiki/Cagliari_Elmas_Airport" title="Cagliari Elmas Airport">Elmas Airport</a>), elevation: 4 m (13 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–-2020 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.0<br />(69.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8<br />(74.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.2<br />(79.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.0<br />(84.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.6<br />(94.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.0<br />(102.2) </td> <td style="background: #D40000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">44.6<br />(112.3) </td> <td style="background: #FA0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">41.8<br />(107.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.9<br />(96.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.8<br />(89.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.4<br />(79.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.4<br />(74.1) </td> <td style="background: #D40000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">44.6<br />(112.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB872; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.7<br />(58.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5<br />(63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.9<br />(67.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.1<br />(75.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.7<br />(83.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.7<br />(89.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.1<br />(89.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.1<br />(82.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.9<br />(75.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0<br />(66.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.7<br />(60.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">22.5<br />(72.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFC892; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.4<br />(54.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFB871; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.8<br />(58.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.7<br />(65.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.0<br />(73.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7<br />(78.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.2<br />(79.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7<br />(72.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.8<br />(65.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.5<br />(58.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2<br />(52.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">17.3<br />(63.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF8F2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4<br />(41.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1<br />(41.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3<br />(45.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7<br />(49.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.3<br />(55.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.3<br />(63.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.9<br />(67.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.5<br />(68.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5<br />(63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9<br />(57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8<br />(44.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC994; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">12.2<br />(54.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4.8<br />(23.4) </td> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.2<br />(26.2) </td> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.2<br />(28.0) </td> <td style="background: #E4E4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.4<br />(31.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8<br />(40.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFE1C3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.8<br />(47.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8<br />(53.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6<br />(54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFC0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0<br />(48.2) </td> <td style="background: #F4F4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.6<br />(36.7) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.0<br />(28.4) </td> <td style="background: #D4D4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.4<br />(25.9) </td> <td style="background: #CCCCFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−4.8<br />(23.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #C7FFC7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.1<br />(1.46) </td> <td style="background: #C7FFC7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.9<br />(1.33) </td> <td style="background: #CFFFCF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.1<br />(1.26) </td> <td style="background: #B8FFB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.6<br />(1.80) </td> <td style="background: #D7FFD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.2<br />(1.03) </td> <td style="background: #EBFFEB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.5<br />(0.49) </td> <td style="background: #FAFFFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.10<br />(0.12) </td> <td style="background: #EEFFEE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4<br />(0.45) </td> <td style="background: #C3FFC3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.5<br />(1.52) </td> <td style="background: #BDFFBD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.9<br />(1.73) </td> <td style="background: #8DFF8D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.0<br />(2.91) </td> <td style="background: #ADFFAD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.9<br />(2.16) </td> <td style="background: #CAFFCA; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">413.2<br />(16.26) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 1.0 mm)</span> </th> <td style="background: #AEAEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5 </td> <td style="background: #B0B0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.8 </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.7 </td> <td style="background: #ADADFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.4 </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2 </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.2 </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6 </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4 </td> <td style="background: #C9C9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2 </td> <td style="background: #BDBDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.3 </td> <td style="background: #9595FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3 </td> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0 </td> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">58.6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000D4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000E5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000EC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71.4 </td> <td style="background: #0000F3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000FA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67.8 </td> <td style="background: #0C0CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63.5 </td> <td style="background: #1414FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">61.3 </td> <td style="background: #0F0FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">62.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000FE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000EC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">71.6 </td> <td style="background: #0000DA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000D4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000F2; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">70.0 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #C6C600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">155.0 </td> <td style="background: #D2D200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">166.0 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">217.6 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">222.6 </td> <td style="background: #E7E700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">271.3 </td> <td style="background: #F3F317; color:#000000;" class="notheme">312.3 </td> <td style="background: #F7F721; color:#000000;" class="notheme">339.8 </td> <td style="background: #F1F113; color:#000000;" class="notheme">314.0 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">240.3 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">199.3 </td> <td style="background: #C6C600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">150.3 </td> <td style="background: #BFBF27; color:#000000;" class="notheme">140.7 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,729.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/NCEI" class="mw-redirect" title="NCEI">NCEI.NOAA</a><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Meteo Climat,<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Servizio_Meteorologico" title="Servizio Meteorologico">Servizio Meteorologico</a><sup id="cite_ref-ServizioMeteorologico2_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ServizioMeteorologico2-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and WeatherBase<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cagliari&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cagliari_plane.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cagliari_plane.jpg/320px-Cagliari_plane.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cagliari_plane.jpg/480px-Cagliari_plane.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Cagliari_plane.jpg/640px-Cagliari_plane.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3071" data-file-height="1515" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of part of the Cagliari Metropolitan Area</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical census data<small>current boundaries</small></caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1485</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">5,088</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1603</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">7,868</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+54.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1678</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">13,428</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+70.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1688</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">17,390</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+29.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1698</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">15,677</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−9.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1728</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">18,365</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+17.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1751</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">20,948</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+14.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1771</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">24,254</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+15.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1776</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">27,102</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+11.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1781</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">25,905</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−4.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1821</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">31,935</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+23.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1824</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">30,685</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−3.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1838</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">31,157</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1844</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">33,700</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+8.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1848</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">33,826</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1857</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">35,369</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1861</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">37,243</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1871</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">37,135</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1881</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">43,472</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+17.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1901</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">61,678</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+41.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1911</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">70,132</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+13.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1921</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">73,024</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1931</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">83,359</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+14.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1936</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">88,122</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1951</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">117,292</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+33.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1961</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">155,931</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+32.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1971</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">189,957</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+21.8%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1981</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">197,517</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1991</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">183,659</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−7.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2001</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">164,249</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−10.6%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2011</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">149,883</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−8.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2021</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">149,092</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.5%</td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236656977"><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Commune population <small>1931–1991</small></caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1931</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">100,620</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1936</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">106,649</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+6.0%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1951</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">138,539</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+29.9%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1961</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">183,784</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+32.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1971</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">223,376</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+21.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1981</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">233,848</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+4.7%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1991</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">204,237</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−12.7%</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>According to ISTAT,<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 2014 there were 154,356 people residing in Cagliari (+3.0% compared with 2011), of whom 71,522 were male and 82,834 female for a <a href="/wiki/Human_sex_ratio" title="Human sex ratio">sex ratio</a> of 0.86. Minors (children aged 18 and younger) totaled 12.92% of the population, compared to pensioners at 24.81%. The average age of Cagliari residents is 47.44. The ratio of the population over 65 years of age to that under the age of 18, is 53.39%. The elderly population, defined as being over 65 years of age, has increased by 21.95% over the last 10 years. The current birth rate in Cagliari is 6.29 births per 1,000 inhabitants. The average number of people of any age per household is 2.11 and the percentage of households composed of a single person is 42.53%. The population of Cagliari is structured like that of other first world countries, especially as to the prevalence of an elderly population. The trend of these rates in the Cagliari metropolitan area is proportionally reversed in the suburbs, where most younger families move. </p><p>As of 2020<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cagliari&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, 5.8% (8,796 people) of the population was foreign, of which the largest group were <a href="/wiki/Filipinos" title="Filipinos">Filipinos</a> (17.21%), followed by <a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Ukrainians</a> (10.38%), <a href="/wiki/Romanians" title="Romanians">Romanians</a> (8.42%), <a href="/wiki/Senegalese" class="mw-redirect" title="Senegalese">Senegalese</a> (8.25%) and <a href="/wiki/Chinese_people" title="Chinese people">Chinese</a> (7.94%).<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1928, during the fascist regime, the neighbouring municipalities of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pirri,_Sardinia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pirri, Sardinia (page does not exist)">Pirri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monserrato" title="Monserrato">Monserrato</a>, <a href="/wiki/Selargius" title="Selargius">Selargius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quartucciu" title="Quartucciu">Quartucciu</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elmas" title="Elmas">Elmas</a>, were merged with that of Cagliari. Mussolini's regime wanted to streamline the local administration by eliminating many small towns and at the same time show that Italy was a major power with many large cities. After the war these small municipalities gradually regained their autonomy, except for the former town of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pirri,_Sardinia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pirri, Sardinia (page does not exist)">Pirri</a>. </p><p>The first table shows the inhabitants of the town in its present borders, the second one the commune population including the merged municipalities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metropolitan_City">Metropolitan City</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cagliari&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Metropolitan City"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Cagliari" title="Metropolitan City of Cagliari">Metropolitan City of Cagliari</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_comune_of_Cagliari_(metropolitan_city_of_Cagliari,_region_Sardinia,_Italy)_-_2016.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Map_of_comune_of_Cagliari_%28metropolitan_city_of_Cagliari%2C_region_Sardinia%2C_Italy%29_-_2016.svg/220px-Map_of_comune_of_Cagliari_%28metropolitan_city_of_Cagliari%2C_region_Sardinia%2C_Italy%29_-_2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Map_of_comune_of_Cagliari_%28metropolitan_city_of_Cagliari%2C_region_Sardinia%2C_Italy%29_-_2016.svg/330px-Map_of_comune_of_Cagliari_%28metropolitan_city_of_Cagliari%2C_region_Sardinia%2C_Italy%29_-_2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Map_of_comune_of_Cagliari_%28metropolitan_city_of_Cagliari%2C_region_Sardinia%2C_Italy%29_-_2016.svg/440px-Map_of_comune_of_Cagliari_%28metropolitan_city_of_Cagliari%2C_region_Sardinia%2C_Italy%29_-_2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3700" data-file-height="3650" /></a><figcaption>Map of the metropolitan city of Cagliari; the capital is indicated in red.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Metropolitan City of Cagliari has been established in 2016 by a Sardinia Regional Law and totals about 420,000 inhabitants according to ISTAT. It is composed of 17 municipalities along the coast of the gulf and up to 20 kilometres (12 mi) of the inner Campidano plain. </p><p>It covers an area on the plain of Campidano between large basins (Santa Gilla lagoon and salt mills of about 30 km2 or 3200 acres), ponds (<a href="/wiki/Molentargius" class="mw-redirect" title="Molentargius">Molentargius</a>), 16,22 km2 (40,10 acres) and the depopulated mountains up to 1,100 metres (3,600 ft) above sea level. The mountains are largely covered by forests mostly managed by the Ente Foreste of the Autonomous Region of Sardinia. To the west these amount to 256 square kilometres (99 sq mi) on the Capoterra and Pula mountains. Monte Arcosu WWF Natural Reserve has another 36 square kilometres (14 sq mi), and to the east on Mount Serpeddì and Sette Fratelli there are a total of 132 square kilometres (51 sq mi) of forest. </p><p>The Metropolitan City is defined by municipalities where the population increased between the last two censuses, in a region where the population is otherwise generally decreasing. These municipalities welcome immigrants to the urban area whose main nucleus, the city of Cagliari, has a high number of elderly people. </p><p>In the last century, the population of the municipalities of the metropolitan area increased by 354% and in the last 50 years by 158% (1911: 128,444; 1961: 288,683; 2011: 454,819). For the whole of Sardinia this increase was respectively 88% and 15% (1911: 868,181; 1961: 1,419,362; 2011: 1,639,362). The urbanisation towards the area of Cagliari was, in percentage terms, impressive, making the capital of the island a metropolis surrounded by rural areas increasingly depopulated. This urbanisation is also reflected in the concentration in Cagliari of most of the economic activities and wealth. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cagliari&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cagliari_-_Sella_del_Diavolo_-_Capo_Sant%27Elia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Cagliari_-_Sella_del_Diavolo_-_Capo_Sant%27Elia.jpg/220px-Cagliari_-_Sella_del_Diavolo_-_Capo_Sant%27Elia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Cagliari_-_Sella_del_Diavolo_-_Capo_Sant%27Elia.jpg/330px-Cagliari_-_Sella_del_Diavolo_-_Capo_Sant%27Elia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Cagliari_-_Sella_del_Diavolo_-_Capo_Sant%27Elia.jpg/440px-Cagliari_-_Sella_del_Diavolo_-_Capo_Sant%27Elia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1941" data-file-height="1455" /></a><figcaption>The crystal clear sea in the Sella del Diavolo locality</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cagliari_Via_Roma_La_Rinascente.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Cagliari_Via_Roma_La_Rinascente.jpg/220px-Cagliari_Via_Roma_La_Rinascente.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Cagliari_Via_Roma_La_Rinascente.jpg/330px-Cagliari_Via_Roma_La_Rinascente.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Cagliari_Via_Roma_La_Rinascente.jpg/440px-Cagliari_Via_Roma_La_Rinascente.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3052" data-file-height="2289" /></a><figcaption>Via Roma <i><a href="/wiki/La_Rinascente" title="La Rinascente">La Rinascente</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>According to 2014 data from the Italian Ministry of Economic Affairs,<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the inhabitants of Cagliari benefited a per capita income of 23,220 euros (being the fifth Regional Capital), that is the 122% of the national average, while all of Sardinia benefited only 16,640 euros, being the 13th Region and 86% of the national average. The metropolitan area benefited an average income of 19,185 euros, 103% of the national average. With the 26% of the island population the Cagliari Metropolitan City produces the 31% of its GDP. </p><p>As the capital city of the Autonomous Region of Sardinia, Cagliari is the administrative hub and headquarters of the region as well as of the provincial and regional offices of the Italian central administration. Cagliari is also the main trade and industrial centre of the island, with numerous commercial sites and factories within its metropolitan boundaries. </p><p>Cagliari is the fourth port of Italy for movement of goods in tons (35,922,468), and the 18th for passengers (705,715), of whom 394,697 cruise passengers (8th in Italy).<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first department store, (<a href="/wiki/La_Rinascente" title="La Rinascente">La Rinascente</a>) opened in 1931 in the centre of the city, and it is still open today. Nowadays there are many commercial centres in the metropolitan area (Le Vele, Santa Gilla, La Corte del Sole, Marconi) hosting many European chain stores such as <a href="/wiki/Auchan" title="Auchan">Auchan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metro_AG" title="Metro AG">Metro AG</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lidl" title="Lidl">Lidl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Media_Markt" class="mw-redirect" title="Media Markt">MediaWorld</a>, <a href="/wiki/Euronics" title="Euronics">Euronics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jysk_(store)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jysk (store)">Jysk</a>, <a href="/wiki/IKEA" title="IKEA">IKEA</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Carrefour" title="Carrefour">Carrefour</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bata_Shoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Bata Shoes">Bata Shoes</a>. Cagliari is also home to an <a href="/wiki/Amazon.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon.com">Amazon</a> customer service center.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cagliari is the main operational headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Banco_di_Sardegna" title="Banco di Sardegna">Banco di Sardegna</a>, which belongs to the BPER Group and is listed on <a href="/wiki/Borsa_Italiana" title="Borsa Italiana">Borsa Italiana</a>, of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Banca_di_Cagliari&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Banca di Cagliari (page does not exist)">Banca di Cagliari</a>. <a href="/wiki/Banca_di_Credito_Sardo" title="Banca di Credito Sardo">Banca di Credito Sardo</a> was based in Cagliari until it was absorbed by the parent company <a href="/wiki/Intesa_Sanpaolo" title="Intesa Sanpaolo">Intesa Sanpaolo</a>. </p><p>The Macchiareddu-Grogastru area between Cagliari and Capoterra is one of the most important industrial areas of Sardinia, in conjunction with a large international container terminal port at Giorgino.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beside having one of the biggest container terminals on the Mediterranean Sea, Cagliari also has one of the largest fish markets in Italy offering for sale a vast array of fish to both the public and traders. The communications provider <a href="/wiki/Tiscali" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiscali">Tiscali</a> also has its headquarters in Cagliari. </p><p>Multinational corporations like <a href="/wiki/Coca-Cola" title="Coca-Cola">Coca-Cola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heineken" title="Heineken">Heineken</a>, <a href="/wiki/Unilever" title="Unilever">Unilever</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bridgestone" title="Bridgestone">Bridgestone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eni" title="Eni">Eni Group</a> have factories in town. One of the six oil refinery supersites in Europe, <a href="/wiki/Saras_S.p.A." title="Saras S.p.A.">Saras</a>, is located within the metropolitan area at <a href="/wiki/Sarroch" title="Sarroch">Sarroch</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lungomare_Poetto_-_Cagliari.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Lungomare_Poetto_-_Cagliari.jpg/220px-Lungomare_Poetto_-_Cagliari.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Lungomare_Poetto_-_Cagliari.jpg/330px-Lungomare_Poetto_-_Cagliari.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Lungomare_Poetto_-_Cagliari.jpg/440px-Lungomare_Poetto_-_Cagliari.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Poetto Beach</figcaption></figure> <p>Tourism is one of the major industries of the city, although historical venues such as its monumental <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> and <a href="/wiki/Early_modern_period" title="Early modern period">Early modern period</a> defence system, its Carthaginian, Roman and Byzantine ruins are less highlighted compared to the recreational beaches and coastline. Cruise ships touring the Mediterranean often stop for passengers at Cagliari, and the city is a traffic hub to the nearby beaches of <a href="/wiki/Villasimius" title="Villasimius">Villasimius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chia_(Sardinia)" title="Chia (Sardinia)">Chia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pula,_Sardinia" title="Pula, Sardinia">Pula</a> and <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rei" title="Costa Rei">Costa Rei</a>, as well as to the urban beach of Poettu. Pula is home to the archaeological site of the Punic and Roman city of <a href="/wiki/Nora,_Italy" title="Nora, Italy">Nora</a>. Especially in summer many clubs and pubs are goals for young locals and tourists. Pubs and night-clubs are concentrated in the Corso Vittorio Emanuele II, a narrow street in Stampace district, in the Marina district, near the port and in the Castello district, The clubs are mostly to be found on the Poetto Beach (in summer) or in Viale Marconi (in winter). In Cagliari there are 180 B&B and 22 hotels that totals 3,300 beds. There are many others hotels in seaside resort of his gulf. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Main_sights">Main sights</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cagliari&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Main sights"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Considerable remains of the ancient city of Karalis are still visible, including those of the <a href="/wiki/Tuvixeddu_necropolis" title="Tuvixeddu necropolis">Tuvixeddu necropolis</a> (the largest Punic necropolis still in existence), the <a href="/wiki/Roman_amphitheatre_(Cagliari)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman amphitheatre (Cagliari)">Roman amphitheatre</a>, traditionally called <i>Is centu scalas</i> ("One hundred steps"), and of an <a href="/wiki/Roman_aqueduct" title="Roman aqueduct">aqueduct</a> used to provide generally scarce water. Still visible are also some ancient cisterns of vast extent, the ruins of a small circular temple, and numerous sepulchres on a hill outside the modern town that appear to have formed the necropolis of the ancient city.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Basilica_di_S.Saturnino.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Basilica_di_S.Saturnino.jpg/220px-Basilica_di_S.Saturnino.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Basilica_di_S.Saturnino.jpg/330px-Basilica_di_S.Saturnino.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Basilica_di_S.Saturnino.jpg/440px-Basilica_di_S.Saturnino.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>San Saturnino Basilica, 5th century</figcaption></figure> <p>The Palaeo-Christian <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_San_Saturnino" title="Basilica of San Saturnino">Basilica of San Saturnino</a>, dedicated to a martyr killed under <a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a>'s reign, <a href="/wiki/Saturninus_of_Cagliari" title="Saturninus of Cagliari">Saturninus of Cagliari</a>, patron saint of the city, was built in the 5th century. Of the original building the dome and the central part remain, to which two arms (one with a nave and two aisles) were added later. A Palaeo-Christian crypt is also under the church of <i>San Lucifero</i> (1660), dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucifer" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Lucifer">Saint Lucifer</a>, a bishop of the city. The church has a Baroque façade with ancient columns and sculpted parts, some of which came from the nearby <a href="/wiki/Necropolis" title="Necropolis">necropolis</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cagliari02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Cagliari02.jpg/180px-Cagliari02.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Cagliari02.jpg/270px-Cagliari02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Cagliari02.jpg/360px-Cagliari02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1779" data-file-height="2668" /></a><figcaption>Eastern walls of Castello</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:At_Cagliari,_Sardinia_2019_079.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/At_Cagliari%2C_Sardinia_2019_079.jpg/180px-At_Cagliari%2C_Sardinia_2019_079.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/At_Cagliari%2C_Sardinia_2019_079.jpg/270px-At_Cagliari%2C_Sardinia_2019_079.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/At_Cagliari%2C_Sardinia_2019_079.jpg/360px-At_Cagliari%2C_Sardinia_2019_079.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Church of San Michele</figcaption></figure> <p>The old medieval town (called <i>Castello</i> in Italian, <i>Casteddu de susu</i> in Sardinian, "the upper castle") lies on top of a hill with a view of the Gulf of Cagliari (also known as Angels' Gulf). Most of its city walls are intact and include two early 14th-century white limestone towers, the <a href="/wiki/Torre_di_San_Pancrazio" title="Torre di San Pancrazio">Torre di San Pancrazio</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Torre_dell%27Elefante" title="Torre dell'Elefante">Torre dell'Elefante</a>, typical examples of Pisan military architecture. The local white limestone was also used to build the walls of the city and many other buildings, besides the towers. The exact period of construction of a fortress on this hill is unknown at present, due to the superposition of layers of buildings along the history. Some scholars<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have suggested a first urbanization of the quarter in the Punic era on the basis of similarity of the planimetry with the contemporary Carthaginian fortress of <a href="/wiki/Monte_Sirai" title="Monte Sirai">Monte Sirai</a>. Recently, archaeological excavations have identified Punic and Roman buildings under the ramparts of the fortress.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Already the Roman poet <a href="/wiki/Varro" class="mw-redirect" title="Varro">Varro</a> called the city "Vicus munitus", a fortified city, and sixteenth-century authors describe a Roman acropolis perhaps still visible in their day.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/D._H._Lawrence" title="D. H. Lawrence">D. H. Lawrence</a>, in his memoir of a voyage to Sardinia, <i><a href="/wiki/Sea_and_Sardinia" title="Sea and Sardinia">Sea and Sardinia</a></i>, that he undertook in January 1921, described the effect of warm Mediterranean sunlight on the white limestone city and compared Cagliari to a "white Jerusalem". </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cattedrale_Cagliari.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Cattedrale_Cagliari.jpg/220px-Cattedrale_Cagliari.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Cattedrale_Cagliari.jpg/330px-Cattedrale_Cagliari.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Cattedrale_Cagliari.jpg/440px-Cattedrale_Cagliari.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>The cathedral (left) and the old city hall (right)</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Cagliari_Cathedral" title="Cagliari Cathedral">cathedral</a> was restored in the 1930s, returning the former <a href="/wiki/Baroque" title="Baroque">Baroque</a> façade into a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Medieval_Pisan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medieval Pisan (page does not exist)">Medieval Pisan</a>-style façade more akin to the original appearance of the church in the 13th century. The bell tower is original. The interior has a nave and two aisles, with a pulpit (1159–1162) sculpted for the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Pisa" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of Pisa">Cathedral of Pisa</a> but later donated to Cagliari. The crypt houses the remains of martyrs found in the Basilica of San Saturno (see below). Near the cathedral is the palace of the provincial government. Before 1900 it was the island's governor's palace. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Basilica_di_Bonaria.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Basilica_di_Bonaria.JPG/220px-Basilica_di_Bonaria.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Basilica_di_Bonaria.JPG/330px-Basilica_di_Bonaria.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Basilica_di_Bonaria.JPG/440px-Basilica_di_Bonaria.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Basilica_of_Our_Lady_of_Bonaria" class="mw-redirect" title="The Basilica of Our Lady of Bonaria">The Basilica of Our Lady of Bonaria</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sant%27Anna_(Cagliari).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Sant%27Anna_%28Cagliari%29.jpg/180px-Sant%27Anna_%28Cagliari%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Sant%27Anna_%28Cagliari%29.jpg/270px-Sant%27Anna_%28Cagliari%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Sant%27Anna_%28Cagliari%29.jpg/360px-Sant%27Anna_%28Cagliari%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Collegiata di Sant'Anna</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Shrine_of_Our_Lady_of_Bonaria" title="Shrine of Our Lady of Bonaria">Sanctuary of Our Lady of Bonaria</a> (<a href="/wiki/Names_of_Buenos_Aires" title="Names of Buenos Aires">from which the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina, gets its name</a>) was built by the Catalans in 1324–1329 when they were besieging the Pisans in Castello. It has a small <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic</a> portal in the façade and the interior houses a wooden statue of the Madonna, which, after having been thrown off a Spanish ship, landed at the foot of Bonaria hill. Bonaria hill is also the location of the <a href="/wiki/Monumental_Cemetery_of_Bonaria" title="Monumental Cemetery of Bonaria">Monumental Cemetery of Bonaria</a>. </p><p>The <i>Chiesa della Purissima</i> is a <a href="/wiki/Catalan_Gothic" title="Catalan Gothic">Catalan Gothic</a> church built in the 16th century in the Castello distinct. </p><p>The other early districts of the town (Marina, Stampace and Villanova) retain much of their original character. In Stampace the <a href="/wiki/Torre_dello_Sperone" title="Torre dello Sperone">Torre dello Sperone</a>, another tower built by the Pisans in the late 13th century, is located, as well as two important monumental churches: the <i>Collegiata di Sant'Anna</i> and the <i>Chiesa di San Michele</i>, both built in the 18th century in a baroque style. Many more churches, both old and modern, can be found throughout the city. </p><p>The Promenade Deck and the Terrazza Umberto I were designed in 1896 by the engineers Joseph Costa and Fulgenzio Setti. The entire building was built of white and yellow limestone in a classical style with <a href="/wiki/Corinthian_order" title="Corinthian order">Corinthian columns</a>. It was opened in 1901. A staircase with two flights provides access from Constitution Square. It is interrupted by a covered walkway and ends beneath the Arc de Triomphe, in the Terrazza Umberto I. In 1943, during World War II, the staircase and the Arch of Triumph were severely damaged by aerial bombardment, but after the conflict they were faithfully reconstructed. </p><p>From the Terrazza Umberto I the Bastion of Santa Caterina can be accessed via a short flight of steps. Here there was once an old Dominican convent, destroyed by fire in 1800. According to tradition, the conspiracy to kill the Viceroy Camarassa in 1666 was set up in the surroundings of the monastery. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liberty_Cagliari.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Liberty_Cagliari.png/220px-Liberty_Cagliari.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Liberty_Cagliari.png/330px-Liberty_Cagliari.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Liberty_Cagliari.png/440px-Liberty_Cagliari.png 2x" data-file-width="1864" data-file-height="1244" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Art_Nouveau" title="Art Nouveau">Art Nouveau</a> architecture in Cagliari</figcaption></figure> <p>The Promenade Deck was inaugurated in 1902. At first it was used as a banqueting hall, then during the First World War as an infirmary. In the 1930s, during the period of sanctions, it was an exhibition of <a href="/wiki/Autarky" title="Autarky">autarky</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> During World War II it served as a shelter for displaced people whose homes had been destroyed by bombs. In 1948 it hosted the first Trade Fair of Sardinia. After many years of decay, the Promenade was restored and re-evaluated as a cultural space reserved especially for art exhibitions.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The modern districts built in the late 19th and early 20th century contain examples of <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a> architecture, as well as controversial examples of Fascist <a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism" title="Neoclassicism">neoclassicism</a> architecture, such as the Court of Justice (<i>Palazzo di Giustizia</i>) in Republic Square. The Court of Justice is near the biggest city park, Monte Urpinu, with its pine trees, artificial lakes, and a vast area with a hill. The <a href="/wiki/Orto_Botanico_dell%27Universit%C3%A0_di_Cagliari" title="Orto Botanico dell'Università di Cagliari">Orto Botanico dell'Università di Cagliari</a>, the city's botanical garden, is also of interest. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cagliari&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OldUniversityLibraryCagliari.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/OldUniversityLibraryCagliari.jpg/220px-OldUniversityLibraryCagliari.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/OldUniversityLibraryCagliari.jpg/330px-OldUniversityLibraryCagliari.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/OldUniversityLibraryCagliari.jpg/440px-OldUniversityLibraryCagliari.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>18th-century University Library</figcaption></figure> <p>The city has numerous libraries and is also home to the State Archive, containing thousands of handwritten documents from the foundation of the Kingdom of Sardinia (1325 AD) to the present. In addition to numerous local and university department libraries, the most important libraries are the old University Library,<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with thousands of ancient books, the Provincial Library,<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Regional Library,<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Mediateca of the Mediterranean,<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which contains the municipal archive and library collection. </p><p>In the first century B.C. a famous singer and musician from Cagliari, Tigellius, lived in Rome and was satirized by <a href="/wiki/Cicero" title="Cicero">Cicero</a> and <a href="/wiki/Horace" title="Horace">Horace</a>. The history of Sardinian literature begins in Cagliari in the first century A.D. In the funerary monument of Atilia Pomptilla, carved into the rock of the necropolis of Tuvixeddu, poems are engraved in Greek and Latin dedicated to his dead wife. Some of them, particularly those in the Greek language, have literary merit. </p><p>The first Sardinian literary author known was Bishop <a href="/wiki/Lucifer_of_Cagliari" title="Lucifer of Cagliari">Lucifer of Cagliari</a>, who wrote severe pamphlets against the <a href="/wiki/Arian_heresy" class="mw-redirect" title="Arian heresy">Arian heresy</a> in the fourth century A.D. Only in the eleventh century A.D. did the first texts of an administrative nature appear in the modern <a href="/wiki/Sardinian_language" title="Sardinian language">Sardinian language</a>, together with <a href="/wiki/Hagiography" title="Hagiography">hagiographies</a> of local martyrs written in Latin. </p><p>Life in Cagliari has been depicted by many writers, starting with the late Roman poet <a href="/wiki/Claudian" title="Claudian">Claudian</a>. In the late 16th century, the local humanist Roderigo Hunno Baeza dedicated to his town a didactic Latin poem, <i>Caralis Panegyricus</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the beginning of the 17th century Juan Francisco Carmona wrote a hymn to Cagliari in Spanish; Jacinto Arnal De Bolea published in 1636, in Spanish, the first novel set in Cagliari, entitled <i>El Forastero</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/D.H._Lawrence" class="mw-redirect" title="D.H. Lawrence">David Herbert Lawrence</a> wrote about the city in his <i><a href="/wiki/Sea_and_Sardinia" title="Sea and Sardinia">Sea and Sardinia</a></i>. </p><p>Modern writers connected to Cagliari include <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Dess%C3%AC" title="Giuseppe Dessì">Giuseppe Dessì</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Angioni" title="Giulio Angioni">Giulio Angioni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Todde" title="Giorgio Todde">Giorgio Todde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Atzeni" title="Sergio Atzeni">Sergio Atzeni</a>, (who set many of his novels and short stories, such as <i>Bakunin's Son</i>, in ancient and modern Cagliari), <a href="/wiki/Flavio_Soriga" title="Flavio Soriga">Flavio Soriga</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lirico_Cagliari.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Lirico_Cagliari.jpg/220px-Lirico_Cagliari.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Lirico_Cagliari.jpg/330px-Lirico_Cagliari.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Lirico_Cagliari.jpg/440px-Lirico_Cagliari.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>The new Teatro Lirico (opera house)</figcaption></figure> <p>Cagliari was the birthplace or residence of the composer <a href="/wiki/Ennio_Porrino" title="Ennio Porrino">Ennio Porrino</a>, of the film, theatre and TV director <a href="/wiki/Nanni_Loy" title="Nanni Loy">Nanni Loy</a>, and of the actors <a href="/wiki/Gianni_Agus" title="Gianni Agus">Gianni Agus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amedeo_Nazzari" title="Amedeo Nazzari">Amedeo Nazzari</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pier_Angeli" title="Pier Angeli">Pier Angeli</a> (born Anna Maria Pierangeli). </p><p>Excluding the Roman era amphitheater, the first theater was inaugurated in Cagliari in 1767: the Teatro Zapata, later becoming the Civic Theatre. Devastated by bombing in 1943, it was recently restored, but the roof was not rebuilt, and today it serves as an open-air theatre. The Politeama Regina Margherita, inaugurated in 1859, was destroyed by fire in 1942 and never rebuilt. </p><p>Although <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a> had, and in part still has, a solid tradition the city, it was left without a true theater until 1993 when a new opera house, the <a href="/wiki/Teatro_Lirico_di_Cagliari" title="Teatro Lirico di Cagliari">Teatro Lirico</a>, was inaugurated.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inside there is a music compound with a music conservatory with its own auditorium, and a music park. Cagliari is and was home to opera singers such as the <a href="/wiki/Tenor" title="Tenor">tenors</a> <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Matteo_Mario" title="Giovanni Matteo Mario">Giovanni Matteo Mario</a> (Giovanni Matteo De Candia, 1810–1883) and Piero Schiavazzi (1875–1949), the <a href="/wiki/Baritone" title="Baritone">baritone</a> Angelo Romero (born 1940), the <a href="/wiki/Contralto" title="Contralto">contralto</a> <a href="/wiki/Bernadette_Manca_di_Nissa" title="Bernadette Manca di Nissa">Bernadette Manca di Nissa</a>, born 1954 and the <a href="/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano">soprano</a> Giusy Devinu (1960–2007). </p><p>The Italian pop singer <a href="/wiki/Marco_Carta" title="Marco Carta">Marco Carta</a> was also born in Cagliari, in 1985. </p><p>The old Teatro Massimo was only recently renovated and is now the seat of the Teatro Stabile of Sardinia.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Municipal Auditorium, in the former 17th-century church of Santa Teresa, is the seat of the Scuola di Arte Drammatica (School of Dramatic Art) di Cagliari,<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the Teatro delle Saline ("Saltworks Theatre"),<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is home of Akroama, Teatro Stabile di Innovazione ("Permanent Theater of Innovation").<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Finally, some comic and satirical theater companies are active in the city, the most well known being the "Compagnia Teatrale Lapola",<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which offers an urban version of the traditional campidanese comic theater.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Founded by Bepi Vigna, <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Serra_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonio Serra (comics)">Antonio Serra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michele_Medda" title="Michele Medda">Michele Medda</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Comic_book" title="Comic book">comic book</a> school, the Centro Internazionale del Fumetto ("Comic Strip International Centre")<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has been active for several decades. Its founders invented and designed the comic characters <a href="/wiki/Nathan_Never" title="Nathan Never">Nathan Never</a> and <a href="/wiki/Legs_Weaver" title="Legs Weaver">Legs Weaver</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums_and_galleries">Museums and galleries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cagliari&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Museums and galleries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cittadella_dei_Musei_CA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Cittadella_dei_Musei_CA.jpg/220px-Cittadella_dei_Musei_CA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Cittadella_dei_Musei_CA.jpg/330px-Cittadella_dei_Musei_CA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Cittadella_dei_Musei_CA.jpg/440px-Cittadella_dei_Musei_CA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Cittadella dei Musei</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Galleria_d%27arte_(CA).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Galleria_d%27arte_%28CA%29.jpg/220px-Galleria_d%27arte_%28CA%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Galleria_d%27arte_%28CA%29.jpg/330px-Galleria_d%27arte_%28CA%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Galleria_d%27arte_%28CA%29.jpg/440px-Galleria_d%27arte_%28CA%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Galleria comunale d'Arte</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_mother_of_the_killed_-_Francesco_Ciusa,_Civic_art_Gallery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/The_mother_of_the_killed_-_Francesco_Ciusa%2C_Civic_art_Gallery.jpg/220px-The_mother_of_the_killed_-_Francesco_Ciusa%2C_Civic_art_Gallery.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="274" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/The_mother_of_the_killed_-_Francesco_Ciusa%2C_Civic_art_Gallery.jpg/330px-The_mother_of_the_killed_-_Francesco_Ciusa%2C_Civic_art_Gallery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/The_mother_of_the_killed_-_Francesco_Ciusa%2C_Civic_art_Gallery.jpg/440px-The_mother_of_the_killed_-_Francesco_Ciusa%2C_Civic_art_Gallery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="958" /></a><figcaption><i>The mother of the killed</i> by <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Ciusa" title="Francesco Ciusa">Francesco Ciusa</a>, Civic Art Gallery</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Orto_Botanico_di_Cagliari.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Orto_Botanico_di_Cagliari.jpg/220px-Orto_Botanico_di_Cagliari.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Orto_Botanico_di_Cagliari.jpg/330px-Orto_Botanico_di_Cagliari.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Orto_Botanico_di_Cagliari.jpg/440px-Orto_Botanico_di_Cagliari.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Orto Botanico di Cagliari</figcaption></figure> <p>The Polo museale di Cagliari "Cittadella dei musei" (Citadel of Museums) is home to: </p> <ul><li><b>Museo archeologico nazionale di Cagliari</b> (<a href="/wiki/Museo_archeologico_nazionale_(Cagliari)" class="mw-redirect" title="Museo archeologico nazionale (Cagliari)">National Archeological Museum of Cagliari</a>), the most important archeological museum of Sardinia, which contains finds from the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> period (6000 B.C.) to the <a href="/wiki/Early_Middle_Ages" title="Early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a> about 1000 A.D.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Museo civico d'arte siamese Stefano Cardu</b> (Civic Siamese Art Museum "Stefano Cardu") the most important European collection of Siamese art, gathered by a Cagliaritan collector at the beginning of the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Museo delle cere anatomiche Clemente Susini</b> (Anatomical Waxwork Museum "Clemente Susini").<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This collection of anatomical waxworks is considered one of the finest in the world, and perfectly describes the human body, testifying to the state of medical and surgical knowledge at the beginning of the 19th century. The collection was created by the sculptor Clemente Susini and includes faithful reproductions of dissections of cadavers performed in the School of Anatomy in Florence 1803-1805 A.D.</li> <li><b>Pinacoteca nazionale</b> (National Picture Gallery)<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Galleria comunale d'arte</b> (Civic art Gallery) with an important exposition of modern Italian painting offered to the city by its collector (Ingrao Collection), and an exposition of Sardinian artists.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Collezione sarda Luigi Piloni</b> (University Sardinian Collection "Luigi Piloni")<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>ExMà</b>, <b>MEM</b>, <b>Castello di San Michele</b>, and <b>Il Ghetto</b> exposition centers<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Museo di Bonaria</b> (Basilical Church Museum of Bonaria),<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with an interesting ex-voto collection</li> <li><b>Museo del Duomo</b> (Cathedral Museum);<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Museo del tesoro di Sant'Eulalia</b> (Treasure Museum of Saint <a href="/wiki/Eulalia_of_Barcelona" title="Eulalia of Barcelona">Eulalia of Barcelona</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with its important Roman era underground area.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Orto_Botanico_dell%27Universit%C3%A0_di_Cagliari" title="Orto Botanico dell'Università di Cagliari">Orto botanico di Cagliari</a></b> (University Botanical Gardens)<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Feast_of_Sant'Efis"><span id="Feast_of_Sant.27Efis"></span>Feast of Sant'Efis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cagliari&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Feast of Sant'Efis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mazziere_del_Comune_di_Cagliari.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Mazziere_del_Comune_di_Cagliari.jpg/220px-Mazziere_del_Comune_di_Cagliari.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Mazziere_del_Comune_di_Cagliari.jpg/330px-Mazziere_del_Comune_di_Cagliari.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Mazziere_del_Comune_di_Cagliari.jpg/440px-Mazziere_del_Comune_di_Cagliari.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1023" data-file-height="638" /></a><figcaption>Municipal mace bearer</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Costumi_sardi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Costumi_sardi.jpg/220px-Costumi_sardi.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Costumi_sardi.jpg/330px-Costumi_sardi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Costumi_sardi.jpg/440px-Costumi_sardi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1281" /></a><figcaption>Traditional folk costume of Cagliari during the Feast of St. Ephysius</figcaption></figure> <p>The Feast of <a href="/wiki/St._Ephysius" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Ephysius">St. Ephysius</a> (Sant'Efisio in Italian, Sant'Efis in Sardinian) is the most important religious event of Cagliari, taking place every year on 1 May. During this festival, thousands of people from folk groups all over Sardinia wear their traditional costumes. The saint is escorted by the traditional ancient <i>Milicia</i>, the deputy mayor (Alter Nos), numerous confraternities, and a convoy of chariots pulled by oxen in a procession to Nora (near modern Pula), 35 km (22 mi) from Cagliari, where, according to tradition, he was beheaded. In addition to being one of the oldest, it is also the longest Italian religious procession, with about 70 km (43 mi) of walks over four days, and the largest in the Mediterranean area. </p><p>A plague was spreading throughout Sardinia, starting in 1652, and the epidemic infected Cagliari in particular, killing some ten thousand inhabitants. According to legend, in 1656 St. Ephysius appeared to the Spanish Viceroy, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francisco_Fern%C3%A1ndez_de_Castro_Andrade,_Count_of_Lemos&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francisco Fernández de Castro Andrade, Count of Lemos (page does not exist)">Francisco Fernández de Castro Andrade, Count of Lemos</a> to request a procession on 1 May, in order to free the city from the plague. The Municipality of Cagliari swore that, if the plague disappeared, a procession would be held every day in the saint's honor, starting from the Stampace district and ending at Nora where the saint was martyred. In September the plague ended, and the procession and festival was therefore regularly held starting the following year on 1 May. The procession was held even during the last war; a statue of the saint was placed on a lorry and, through city ruins of the devastated by the bombs, arrived safely in Nora. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_events">Other events</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cagliari&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Other events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Other feasts and events in Cagliari include: </p> <ul><li>The Carnival</li> <li>Holy Week and Easter celebrations</li> <li>Sea processions of St. Francis of Paola, held in May, and Nostra Signora di Bonaria, in July</li> <li>Cagliari Fair, in early May</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audi_MedCup" title="Audi MedCup">Audi MedCup</a> regatta</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cagliari&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Sardinian_language" title="Sardinian language">Sardinian language</a> and <a href="/wiki/Campidanese_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Campidanese dialect">Campidanese dialect</a></div> <p>The native language of Cagliari, declared official along with Italian,<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is <a href="/wiki/Sardinian_language" title="Sardinian language">Sardinian</a> (<i>sardu</i>), a <a href="/wiki/Romance_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Romance language">Romance language</a>, specifically the <a href="/wiki/Campidanese_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Campidanese dialect">Campidanese dialect</a> (<i>campidanesu</i>) in its local variant (<i>casteddaju</i>). </p><p>The variant of Cagliari in its high register has traditionally represented the linguistic model of reference for the entire southern area of the island, and the high social variant used by the middle class in the whole Campidanese domain, as well as the literary model of reference for writers and poets. This language is less spoken by the younger generations in the city, who use Italian instead as that language is compulsory in education and the mass media. Italian has increasingly become predominant in social relations, both formal and informal, relegating Sardinian to a mostly marginal role in everyday life. Young people often have only passive competence in the language, gathered from elderly relatives who still speak it, as their parents often speak only Italian, or they may use a slang (<i><a href="/wiki/Regional_Italian#Sardinia" title="Regional Italian">italianu porceddinu</a></i>) that mixes both Sardinian and Italian. </p><p>Since Cagliari was the metropolis of the ancient Roman province, it absorbed innovations coming from Rome, Carthage, and Constantinople, and its language probably reflected late Latin urban dialects of the 5th-century core cities of the empire. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sea_food_Cagliari.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Sea_food_Cagliari.jpg/220px-Sea_food_Cagliari.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Sea_food_Cagliari.jpg/330px-Sea_food_Cagliari.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Sea_food_Cagliari.jpg/440px-Sea_food_Cagliari.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3632" data-file-height="1936" /></a><figcaption>Seafood offered in a Cagliari restaurant</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gastronomy">Gastronomy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cagliari&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Gastronomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cagliari has some unique gastronomic traditions: unlike the rest of the island its cuisine is mostly based on the wide variety of locally available <a href="/wiki/Seafood" title="Seafood">seafood</a>. Although it is possible to trace influences from <a href="/wiki/Catalan_cuisine" title="Catalan cuisine">Catalan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_cuisine" title="Sicilian cuisine">Sicilian</a> and Genoese cuisine, Cagliaritan food has a distinctive and unique character. </p><p>Excellent <a href="/wiki/Wine" title="Wine">wines</a> are also part of Cagliaritanians' dinners, like the <a href="/wiki/Grenache" title="Grenache">Cannonau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nuragus_di_Cagliari" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuragus di Cagliari">Nuragus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nasco_di_Cagliari" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasco di Cagliari">Nasco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monica_(grape)" title="Monica (grape)">Monica</a>, Moscau, <a href="/wiki/Gir%C3%B2_di_Cagliari" class="mw-redirect" title="Girò di Cagliari">Girò</a> and Malvasia, produced in the nearby vineyards of the Campidano plain. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cagliari&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main newspaper of Sardinia is <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Unione_Sarda" title="L'Unione Sarda">L'Unione Sarda</a></i>, it was founded in Cagliari in 1889. It was one of the first European newspapers to have its own website in 1994. It has a circulation of about 85,000 copies. </p><p>The main regional headquarters of <a href="/wiki/RAI" title="RAI">RAI</a>, the Italian state-owned radio and television network, is in Cagliari. There are also two regional television and radio companies as well as numerous information sites on the internet. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cagliari&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SardegnaArena.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/SardegnaArena.jpeg/220px-SardegnaArena.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/SardegnaArena.jpeg/330px-SardegnaArena.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/SardegnaArena.jpeg/440px-SardegnaArena.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="546" /></a><figcaption>Internal view of the <a href="/wiki/Unipol_Domus" title="Unipol Domus">Unipol Domus</a>, home of <a href="/wiki/Serie_A" title="Serie A">Serie A</a> football club <a href="/wiki/Cagliari_Calcio" title="Cagliari Calcio">Cagliari Calcio</a> since 2017</figcaption></figure> <p>Cagliari is home to the football team <a href="/wiki/Cagliari_Calcio" title="Cagliari Calcio">Cagliari Calcio</a>, winner of the <a href="/wiki/1969-70_Serie_A" class="mw-redirect" title="1969-70 Serie A">Italian league championship in 1970</a>, when the team was led by <a href="/wiki/Gigi_Riva" title="Gigi Riva">Gigi Riva</a>. Founded in 1920, the club played at the <a href="/wiki/Stadio_Sant%27Elia" title="Stadio Sant'Elia">Stadio Sant'Elia</a> in the city from 1970 until it was closed in the summer of 2017, causing the club to temporarily relocate to the provisional <a href="/wiki/Sardegna_Arena" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardegna Arena">Sardegna Arena</a> (now Unipol Domus). Sant'Elia was the venue for three <a href="/wiki/1990_FIFA_World_Cup" title="1990 FIFA World Cup">1990 FIFA World Cup</a> matches.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cagliari is an ideal location for water sports such as <a href="/wiki/Surfing" title="Surfing">surfing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kitesurfing" class="mw-redirect" title="Kitesurfing">kitesurfing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windsurfing" title="Windsurfing">windsurfing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sailing" title="Sailing">sailing</a> due to strong and reliable favourable winds. <a href="/wiki/Field_hockey" title="Field hockey">Field hockey</a> is also popular, with two teams in the Italian top division, G.S. Amsicora and C.U.S. Cagliari, the first of which won the league title more often than any other Italian team in the men's championship (20) and is also the protagonist in the women's division. </p><p>Sport venues in Cagliari include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unipol_Domus" title="Unipol Domus">Unipol Domus</a></li> <li>Tennis Club Cagliari<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Rockfeller sports hall</li> <li>Rockfeller skating rink</li> <li>Via dello Sport gymnastics hall</li> <li>Terra Maini Olympionic pool</li> <li>Amsicora Stadium<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Rari Nantes pool<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Esperia pool</li> <li>Riccardo Santoru athletics stadium</li> <li>Civic pool</li> <li>Acquasport pool</li> <li>Poettu hippodrome<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Mario Siddi fencing gymnasium</li> <li>Mulinu Becciu tennis table hall</li> <li>Facilities of the University Sports Center, C.U.S. Cagliari<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government">Government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cagliari&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Cagliari" title="List of mayors of Cagliari">List of mayors of Cagliari</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palazzo_Civico_Baccaredda.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Palazzo_Civico_Baccaredda.JPG/250px-Palazzo_Civico_Baccaredda.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Palazzo_Civico_Baccaredda.JPG/375px-Palazzo_Civico_Baccaredda.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Palazzo_Civico_Baccaredda.JPG/500px-Palazzo_Civico_Baccaredda.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Cagliari city hall, Bacaredda Palace</figcaption></figure> <p>Cagliari is the hub of the administration offices of the Sardinia Autonomous Region and of Cagliari Province. It is also the home of several local offices of the Italian central administration. </p><p>It is the seat of the Superintendency of Cultural and Environmental Heritage,<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the Sardinia Archival Superintendency<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and of the Archeological Superintendency<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the Cultural Heritage Ministry,<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the Sardinia and Provincial seat of the Employment and Social Policies Ministry, of the regional offices of the Finance and Economy Ministry,<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and of some branch offices of the Health Ministry. </p><p>Cagliari is home to all criminal, civil, administrative and accounting courts for Sardinia of the Ministry of Justice up to the High Court of Assizes of Appeal. It was home to a prison, Buon Cammino, built in the late 19th century, famous because no one has ever managed to escape. A new modern prison has been built in the nearby town of Uta. </p><p>Traditionally, votes in Cagliari are oriented towards the center-right wing. Since World War II, all the mayors belonged to the <a href="/wiki/Democrazia_Cristiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Democrazia Cristiana">Christian Democracy</a> party with the exception of Salvatore Ferrara, from the Socialist Party, allied with the former. After the collapse of the traditional parties in the 1990s, the mayors belonged to the party or the coalition led by <a href="/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi" title="Silvio Berlusconi">Silvio Berlusconi</a>. The current economic and political crisis that affects Italy has prompted the electorate toward a large abstention and to elect a young mayor, Massimo Zedda, who belongs to a centre-left alliance. In the last municipal elections in June 2016, Massimo Zedda was confirmed in the first round with 50.86% of the votes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cagliari&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Universit%C3%A0CA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Universit%C3%A0CA.jpg/250px-Universit%C3%A0CA.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Universit%C3%A0CA.jpg/375px-Universit%C3%A0CA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Universit%C3%A0CA.jpg/500px-Universit%C3%A0CA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>"Aula Magna" of the University of Cagliari</figcaption></figure> <p>Cagliari is home to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cagliari" title="University of Cagliari">University of Cagliari</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Unica_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Unica-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the largest public university in Sardinia, founded in 1626. It currently includes six faculties: Engineering and Architecture, Medicine and Surgery, Economics, Juridical and Political Sciences, Basic Sciences, Biology and Pharmacy, Humanistic Studies. </p><p>It is attended by about 35,000 students.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All science faculties of the university, as well as the university hospital, have been transferred to a new "University Citadel", located in Monserrato. Cagliari's downtown houses the engineering and the humanities divisions and, in the Castle, the seat of the Rector, in an 18th-century palace with a library of thousands of ancient books. </p><p>Cagliari is also the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Faculty_of_Theology_of_Sardinia" title="Pontifical Faculty of Theology of Sardinia">Pontifical Faculty of Theology of Sardinia</a> and of the <a href="/wiki/Istituto_Europeo_di_Design" title="Istituto Europeo di Design">European Institute of Design</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health_care">Health care</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cagliari&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Health care"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ospedale_San_Michele_-_scale_antincendio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Ospedale_San_Michele_-_scale_antincendio.jpg/250px-Ospedale_San_Michele_-_scale_antincendio.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Ospedale_San_Michele_-_scale_antincendio.jpg/375px-Ospedale_San_Michele_-_scale_antincendio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Ospedale_San_Michele_-_scale_antincendio.jpg/500px-Ospedale_San_Michele_-_scale_antincendio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>San Michele Hospital</figcaption></figure> <p>Life expectancy in Cagliari is high: 79.5 years for men and 85.4 for women (provincial level). </p><p>There has been a public hospital in Cagliari since the 17th century. The first modern structure was built in the middle of the 19th century, designed by the architect <a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Cima" title="Gaetano Cima">Gaetano Cima</a>. This hospital is still operating, although all its departments will eventually be transferred to the new University Hospital<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in Monserrato. </p><p>Among the other public hospitals, the <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Brotzu" title="Giuseppe Brotzu">Giuseppe Brotzu</a> (San Michele) Hospital<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was recognized in 1993 as a High Specialization Nationally Relevant Hospital, particularly for <a href="/wiki/Liver_transplantation" title="Liver transplantation">liver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heart_transplantation" title="Heart transplantation">heart</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pancreas_transplantation" title="Pancreas transplantation">pancreas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hematopoietic_stem_cell_transplantation" title="Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation">bone marrow transplants</a>. </p><p>Other public hospitals in the city include: the <i>Santissima Trinità</i> or commonly <i>Is Mirrionis</i>; the <i>Binaghi</i>, specialised in <a href="/wiki/Pulmonology" title="Pulmonology">pulmonology</a>; <i>Marino</i> specialised in <a href="/wiki/Traumatology" title="Traumatology">traumatology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyperbaric_medicine" title="Hyperbaric medicine">hyperbaric medicine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spinal_cord_injuries" class="mw-redirect" title="Spinal cord injuries">spinal cord injuries</a>; <i>Businco</i> specialised in <a href="/wiki/Oncology" title="Oncology">oncology</a>; and <i>Microcitemico</i>, specialised in <a href="/wiki/Thalassemia" title="Thalassemia">thalassemia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genetic_diseases" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic diseases">Genetic diseases</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rare_diseases" class="mw-redirect" title="Rare diseases">rare diseases</a>. There are in addition many private hospitals. </p><p>Despite its dry climate, thanks to the regional system of dams, every inhabitant of Cagliari may have 363 litres (96 US gal) per day of safe drinking water. </p><p>Waste sorting is still at a low level: only 33.4 percent of waste is separated. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cagliari&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cagliari_-_Statua_Carlo_Felice.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Cagliari_-_Statua_Carlo_Felice.jpg/220px-Cagliari_-_Statua_Carlo_Felice.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Cagliari_-_Statua_Carlo_Felice.jpg/330px-Cagliari_-_Statua_Carlo_Felice.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Cagliari_-_Statua_Carlo_Felice.jpg/440px-Cagliari_-_Statua_Carlo_Felice.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>The statue of King Carlo Felice in Piazza Yenne, the starting point for all of Sardinia's main roads</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airport">Airport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cagliari&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Airport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Area_Check_Cagliari.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Area_Check_Cagliari.JPG/220px-Area_Check_Cagliari.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Area_Check_Cagliari.JPG/330px-Area_Check_Cagliari.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Area_Check_Cagliari.JPG/440px-Area_Check_Cagliari.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="656" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Airport_check-in" title="Airport check-in">Check-in</a> area of Cagliari-Elmas International Airport</figcaption></figure> <p>The city is served by the <a href="/wiki/Cagliari_Elmas_Airport" title="Cagliari Elmas Airport">Cagliari-Elmas International Airport</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> located a few kilometres from the centre of Cagliari. It is the 13th <a href="/wiki/List_of_the_busiest_airports" title="List of the busiest airports">busiest aeroport in Italy</a> by passengers traffic with around 4,370,000 passengers in 2018. A railway line connects the city to the airport; walkways join the railway station to the air terminal. The terminal is also connected to the city by highway SS 130 and by a bus service run by the ARST company<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to the central bus station in Matteotti square, in the centre of the city. </p><p>There are other airports not too far from the city: Deciomannu Airport, a <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> military airport and three fields for air sports, Serdiana (used in particular for skydiving<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), Castiadas and Decimoputzu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roads">Roads</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cagliari&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Roads"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cable-stayed_bridge_of_the_Monserrato_University_Campus_interchange.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Cable-stayed_bridge_of_the_Monserrato_University_Campus_interchange.JPG/220px-Cable-stayed_bridge_of_the_Monserrato_University_Campus_interchange.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Cable-stayed_bridge_of_the_Monserrato_University_Campus_interchange.JPG/330px-Cable-stayed_bridge_of_the_Monserrato_University_Campus_interchange.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Cable-stayed_bridge_of_the_Monserrato_University_Campus_interchange.JPG/440px-Cable-stayed_bridge_of_the_Monserrato_University_Campus_interchange.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Cable-stayed bridge of the Monserrato University Campus interchange SS 554. This bridge is named after police officer Emanuela Loi, who lost her life in the line of duty, alongside four of her colleagues, on the day of the <a href="/wiki/Via_D%27Amelio_bombing" title="Via D'Amelio bombing">Via D'Amelio bombing</a> in <a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a>, which also claimed the life of anti-mafia magistrate <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Borsellino" title="Paolo Borsellino">Paolo Borsellino</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The following national roads begin in Cagliari: </p> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Strada_Statale_131_Italia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Strada_Statale_131_Italia.svg/35px-Strada_Statale_131_Italia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Strada_Statale_131_Italia.svg/53px-Strada_Statale_131_Italia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Strada_Statale_131_Italia.svg/70px-Strada_Statale_131_Italia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Italian_traffic_signs_-_strada_europea_25.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Italian_traffic_signs_-_strada_europea_25.svg/30px-Italian_traffic_signs_-_strada_europea_25.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Italian_traffic_signs_-_strada_europea_25.svg/45px-Italian_traffic_signs_-_strada_europea_25.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Italian_traffic_signs_-_strada_europea_25.svg/60px-Italian_traffic_signs_-_strada_europea_25.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <i>Carlo Felice</i> to Sassari - Porto Torres (motorway-like until Oristano) and to Olbia (SS131 Central Nuorese Branch).</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Strada_Statale_130_Italia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Strada_Statale_130_Italia.svg/35px-Strada_Statale_130_Italia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Strada_Statale_130_Italia.svg/53px-Strada_Statale_130_Italia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Strada_Statale_130_Italia.svg/70px-Strada_Statale_130_Italia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <i>Iglesiente</i>, to Iglesias and Carbonia.</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Strada_Statale_125_Italia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Strada_Statale_125_Italia.svg/35px-Strada_Statale_125_Italia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Strada_Statale_125_Italia.svg/53px-Strada_Statale_125_Italia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Strada_Statale_125_Italia.svg/70px-Strada_Statale_125_Italia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <i>Orientale Sarda</i>, which connects Cagliari to Tortolì and Olbia, ending in <a href="/wiki/Palau,_Sardinia" title="Palau, Sardinia">Palau</a>, across from Corsica.</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Strada_Statale_195_Italia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Strada_Statale_195_Italia.svg/35px-Strada_Statale_195_Italia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Strada_Statale_195_Italia.svg/53px-Strada_Statale_195_Italia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Strada_Statale_195_Italia.svg/70px-Strada_Statale_195_Italia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <i>Sulcitana</i>, connecting Cagliari with Sulcis along the coast.</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Strada_Statale_554_Italia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Strada_Statale_554_Italia.svg/35px-Strada_Statale_554_Italia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Strada_Statale_554_Italia.svg/53px-Strada_Statale_554_Italia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Strada_Statale_554_Italia.svg/70px-Strada_Statale_554_Italia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <i>Cagliaritana</i></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Strada_Statale_387_Italia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Strada_Statale_387_Italia.svg/35px-Strada_Statale_387_Italia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Strada_Statale_387_Italia.svg/53px-Strada_Statale_387_Italia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Strada_Statale_387_Italia.svg/70px-Strada_Statale_387_Italia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> <i>del Gerrei</i>, to Ballao and Ogliastra.</li> <li><i>Provincial Road 17</i> connects Poetto <a href="/wiki/Villasimius" title="Villasimius">Villasimius</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ports">Ports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cagliari&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Ports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The port of Cagliari is divided in two sector, the old port and the new international <a href="/wiki/Container_terminal" class="mw-redirect" title="Container terminal">container terminal</a>. The port system of Cagliari-Sarroch is the third for freight traffic in Italy with a movement of about 38 million tons in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cagliari has scheduled services by passenger ship to <a href="/wiki/Civitavecchia" title="Civitavecchia">Civitavecchia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a>. In Cagliari there are also two other small touristic ports, <i>Su Siccu</i> (Lega Navale) and <i>Marina Piccola</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railways">Railways</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cagliari&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Railways"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cagliari_railway_station" title="Cagliari railway station">Cagliari railway station</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:D2.08_Bf_Genneruxi,_ET_06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/D2.08_Bf_Genneruxi%2C_ET_06.jpg/220px-D2.08_Bf_Genneruxi%2C_ET_06.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/D2.08_Bf_Genneruxi%2C_ET_06.jpg/330px-D2.08_Bf_Genneruxi%2C_ET_06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/D2.08_Bf_Genneruxi%2C_ET_06.jpg/440px-D2.08_Bf_Genneruxi%2C_ET_06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5426" data-file-height="3515" /></a><figcaption>MetroCagliari</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Ferrovie_dello_Stato" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferrovie dello Stato">Ferrovie dello Stato</a> railway station in Cagliari has services to <a href="/wiki/Iglesias,_Sardinia" title="Iglesias, Sardinia">Iglesias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carbonia,_Sardinia" title="Carbonia, Sardinia">Carbonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olbia" title="Olbia">Olbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Golfo_Aranci" title="Golfo Aranci">Golfo Aranci</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sassari" title="Sassari">Sassari</a> and <a href="/wiki/Porto_Torres" title="Porto Torres">Porto Torres</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The nearby commune of <a href="/wiki/Monserrato" title="Monserrato">Monserrato</a> is the terminal railway station of a <a href="/wiki/Narrow_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Narrow gauge">narrow gauge</a> line to <a href="/wiki/Arbatax" title="Arbatax">Arbatax</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sorgono" title="Sorgono">Sorgono</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urban_and_suburban_mobility">Urban and suburban mobility</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cagliari&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Urban and suburban mobility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bus and trolleybus services, managed by CTM<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (more than 30 lines) and ARST,<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> connect internal destinations in the city and in the metropolitan area; Cagliari is one of the few Italian cities with an extensive trolleybus network, whose fleet has been partially renovated in 2012. A metro-like tram service on its own rail, <a href="/wiki/Cagliari_Metro-tramway" class="mw-redirect" title="Cagliari Metro-tramway">MetroCagliari</a>, operates between Piazza Repubblica and the new university campus near <a href="/wiki/Monserrato" title="Monserrato">Monserrato</a> (line 1) and from <a href="/wiki/Monserrato" title="Monserrato">Monserrato</a> San Gottardo and <a href="/wiki/Settimo_San_Pietro" title="Settimo San Pietro">Settimo San Pietro</a> (line 2). A line between Piazza Repubblica and Piazza Matteotti, the city transport hub (with train, urban and extra-urban bus stations), is planned. <a href="/wiki/Trenitalia" title="Trenitalia">Trenitalia</a>, the primary train operator in Italy, operates a metro train service between Cagliari Central Station and <a href="/wiki/Decimomannu" title="Decimomannu">Decimomannu</a>, which connects the airport with the city center. A public bike-sharing service is operating with pick-up points at Via Sonnino - Palazzo Civico, Piazza Repubblica, Piazza Giovanni 23, and Marina Piccola. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_relations">International relations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cagliari&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: International relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cagliari&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Twin towns – sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_Italy" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy">List of twin towns and sister cities in Italy</a></div> <p>Cagliari is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with: </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a>, Argentina</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya"><img alt="Kenya" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Kenya.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kenya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nanyuki" title="Nanyuki">Nanyuki</a>, Kenya</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pisa" title="Pisa">Pisa</a>, Italy</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Vercelli" title="Vercelli">Vercelli</a>, Italy</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>, Italy</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Padua" title="Padua">Padua</a>, Italy, since 2002</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Biella_(BI)" class="mw-redirect" title="Biella (BI)">Biella</a>, Italy, since 2003</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Consulates">Consulates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cagliari&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Consulates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Cagliari there are at present (2018) the following consulates:<sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bangladesh.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Flag_of_Belarus.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belarus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" 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href="/w/index.php?title=Cagliari&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Long name (defunct): <span title="Sardinian-language text"><i lang="sc">Casteddu de Càlaris</i></span>, "Castle of Caralis".</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cagliari&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cagliari&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-16139ca327c50d72c40d8c5fd3abe706b989650e-v18-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-16139ca327c50d72c40d8c5fd3abe706b989650e-v18_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px 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a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/156224">"Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011"</a>. 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It follows a port in the mid of the sea, and all strong winds are softened in the shelter of the pond. (521. Urbs Lybiam contra Tyrio fundata potenti 521. Tenditur in longum Caralis, tenuemque per undas 522. Obvia dimittit fracturum flamina collem. 523. Efficitur portus medium mare: tutaque ventis 524. Omnibus, ingenti mansuescunt stagna recessu)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">M.L.Wagner,La lingua sarda, storia spirito e forma</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Livy" title="Livy">Livy</a> xxiii. 40, 41.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Id.</i> xxx. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Attilio Mastino (a cura di), Storia della Sardegna antica, Il Maestrale, Nuoro,2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ii. 6. § 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">xli. 6, 12, 17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Commentarii_de_Bello_Civili" title="Commentarii de Bello Civili">Commentarii de Bello Civili</a></i> i. 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hirt. <i>B. Afr.</i> 98.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Cassius_Dio" title="Cassius Dio">Cassius Dio</a> xlviii. 30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny</a> iii. 7. s. 13; <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a> v. p. 224; <a href="/wiki/Pomponius_Mela" title="Pomponius Mela">Pomponius Mela</a>, ii. 7; <i><a href="/wiki/Antonine_Itinerary" title="Antonine Itinerary">Antonine Itinerary</a></i> pp. 80, 81, 82, <i>etc.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sozomen, <i>Ecclesiastical History</i>, 3.15 and 5.12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Claud. <i>B. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ARST+-+-+Home&rft.pub=Arst.sardegna.it&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arst.sardegna.it%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACagliari" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150518095815/http://www.corpoconsolaresardegna.it/consolati/">"Consolati | Corpo Consolare della Sardegna"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.corpoconsolaresardegna.it/consolati/">the original</a> on 18 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Consolati+%26%23124%3B+Corpo+Consolare+della+Sardegna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.corpoconsolaresardegna.it%2Fconsolati%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACagliari" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cagliari&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCasula1994" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Cesare_Casula" title="Francesco Cesare Casula">Casula, Francesco Cesare</a> (1994). <i>La storia di Sardegna</i> (in Italian). Sassari: Delfino Editore. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/88-7138-063-0" title="Special:BookSources/88-7138-063-0"><bdi>88-7138-063-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+storia+di+Sardegna&rft.place=Sassari&rft.pub=Delfino+Editore&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=88-7138-063-0&rft.aulast=Casula&rft.aufirst=Francesco+Cesare&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACagliari" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMastino2006" class="citation cs2">Mastino, Attilio (2006), "Carales", <i>Brill's New Pauly Encyclopedia of the Ancient World</i>, Leiden: Brill</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Carales&rft.btitle=Brill%27s+New+Pauly+Encyclopedia+of+the+Ancient+World&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Mastino&rft.aufirst=Attilio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACagliari" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1854–1857" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Smith_(lexicographer)" title="William Smith (lexicographer)">Smith, William</a>, ed. (1854–1857). "CA´RALIS". <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Greek_and_Roman_Geography" title="Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography">Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography</a></i>. London: John Murray.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=CA%C2%B4RALIS&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Greek+and+Roman+Geography&rft.place=London&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=1854%2F1857&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACagliari" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cagliari&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In English: </p> <ul><li>Andrews Robert, <i>The Rough Guide to Sardinia</i>, Publisher: Rough Guide Ltd, 2010, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1848365403" title="Special:BookSources/1848365403">1848365403</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAshby1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ashby_(archaeologist)" title="Thomas Ashby (archaeologist)">Ashby, Thomas</a> (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Carales"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Carales">"Carales" </a></span>. In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 300–301.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Carales&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=300-301&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Ashby&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACagliari" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Dyson, Stephen L. - Roland Jr. Robert, <i>Archaeology and History in Sardinia from the Stone Age to the Middle Ages: Shepherds, Sailors, and Conquerors</i>, 2007.</li> <li>Freytag-Berndt, Sardinia Travel Map.</li> <li>Lawrence D. H., <i>Sea and Sardinia</i></li> <li>Parker, Philip M., <i>The 2011 Economic and Product Market Databook for Cagliari</i>, Italy, Icon Group International, 2011 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781157065692" title="Special:BookSources/9781157065692">9781157065692</a></li> <li>Stein Eliot, <i>Sardinia: Cagliari & the South, Publisher: Footprint Travel Guides</i>, United Kingdom, 2012, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1908206535" title="Special:BookSources/1908206535">1908206535</a></li></ul> <p>In Italian: </p> <ul><li>Alziator Francesco, <i>La città del sole</i>, editrice La Zattera, Cagliari, 1963.</li> <li>Atzeni Enrico, <i>Cagliari preistorica</i>, editrice CUEC, Cagliari, 2003.</li> <li>Barreca Ferrucio, <i>La Sardegna fenicia e punica</i>, editore Chiarella, Sassari, 1984</li> <li>Boscolo Alberto, <i>La Sardegna bizantina e altogiudicale</i>, editotr Chiarella, Sassari, 1982</li> <li>Cossu Giuseppe, <i>Della città di Cagliari, notizie compendiose sacre e profane</i>, Stamperia Reale, Cagliari 1780</li> <li>Del Piano Lorenzo, <i>La Sardegna nell'ottocento</i>, editore Chiarella, Sassari, 1984</li> <li>Gallinari Luciano, <i>Il Giudicato di Cagliari tra XI e XIII secolo. Proposte di interpretazioni istituzionali</i>, in Rivista dell'Istituto di Storia dell'Europa Mediterranea, n°5, 2010</li> <li>Hunno Baeza Roderigo, <i>Il Caralis Panegyricus</i>, edited by Francesco Alziator, Tipografia, Mercantile Doglio, Cagliari, 1954.</li> <li>Manconi Francesco, <i>La Sardegna al tempo degli Asburgo</i>, Il Maestrale, Nuoro, 2010, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788864290102" title="Special:BookSources/9788864290102">9788864290102</a></li> <li>Manconi Francesco, <i>Una piccola provincia di un grande impero</i>, CUEC, Cagliari, 2012, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/8884677882" title="Special:BookSources/8884677882">8884677882</a></li> <li>Manconi Francesco (edited by), <i>La società sarda in età spagnola</i>, Edizioni della Torre, Cagliari, 2003, 2 vol.</li> <li>Mastino Attilio, <i>Storia della Sardegna Antica</i>, Il Maestrale, Nuoro, 2005, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788889801635" title="Special:BookSources/9788889801635">9788889801635</a></li> <li>Maxia Agata Rosa, <i>La grammatica del dialetto cagliaritano</i>, editrice Della Torre, Cagliari, 2010</li> <li>Meloni Piero, <i>La Sardegna Romana</i>, Chiarella, Sassari, 1980</li> <li>Porru Vincenzo Raimondo, <i>Saggio di gramatica sul dialetto sardo meridionale</i>, Stamperia Reale, Cagliari, 1811.</li> <li>Scano Dionigi, <i>Forma Karalis, a cura del Comune di Cagliari</i>, pref. di E. Endrich, Cagliari, Società Editrice Italiana, 1934, (oggi in ed. anast. Cagliari, La zattera, 1970; Cagliari, 3T, 1989).</li> <li>Sole Carlino, <i>La Sardegna sabauda nel settecento</i>, edizione Chiarella, Sassari, 1984</li> <li>Sorgia Giancarlo, <i>La Sardegna spagnola</i>, editore Chiarella, Sassari, 1983</li> <li>Spano Giovanni, <i>Guida della città e dintorni di Cagliari</i>, ed. Timon, Cagliari, 1861</li> <li>Spanu Luigi, <i>Cagliari nel seicento</i>, editrice Il Castello, Cagliari, 1999</li> <li>Thermes Cenza, <i>Cagliari, amore mio : guida storica, artistica, sentimentale della citta di Cagliari</i>, editrice 3T, Cagliari, 1980–81.</li> <li>Thermes Cenza, <i>E a dir di Cagliari...</i>, editrice G. Trois, Cagliari, 1997.</li> <li>Zedda Corrado, Pinna Raimondo, <i>Fra Santa Igia e il Castro Novo Montis de Castro. La questione giuridica urbanistica a Cagliari all'inizio del XIII secolo</i>, Archivio Storico Giuridico Sardo di Sassari", n.s., 15 (2010–2011), pp. 125–187</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cagliari&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 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title="q:Cagliari">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Cagliari" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Cagliari">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" 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href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Cagliari" class="extiw" title="voy:Cagliari">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.comune.cagliari.it/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <span class="languageicon">(in Italian)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visit-cagliari.com">Cagliari Tourist Board website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120723202328/http://www.visit-cagliari.com/">Archived</a> 23 July 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Archdiocese_of_Cagliari" class="extiw" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Archdiocese of Cagliari">Archdiocese of Cagliari</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Archdiocese+of+Cagliari&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACagliari" class="Z3988"></span> </p> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Sardinia" class="extiw" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Sardinia">Sardinia</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sardinia&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACagliari" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="Sardinia_·_Comuni_of_the_Metropolitan_City_of_Cagliari" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar 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class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Metropolitan_City_of_Cagliari" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Metropolitan City of Cagliari"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Sardinia_·_Comuni_of_the_Metropolitan_City_of_Cagliari" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a> · <i><a href="/wiki/Comune" title="Comune">Comuni</a></i> of the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_City_of_Cagliari" title="Metropolitan City of Cagliari">Metropolitan City of Cagliari</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assemini" title="Assemini">Assemini</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cagliari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capoterra" title="Capoterra">Capoterra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decimomannu" title="Decimomannu">Decimomannu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmas" title="Elmas">Elmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maracalagonis" title="Maracalagonis">Maracalagonis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monserrato" title="Monserrato">Monserrato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pula,_Sardinia" title="Pula, Sardinia">Pula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartu_Sant%27Elena" title="Quartu Sant'Elena">Quartu Sant'Elena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartucciu" title="Quartucciu">Quartucciu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarroch" title="Sarroch">Sarroch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selargius" title="Selargius">Selargius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sestu" title="Sestu">Sestu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Settimo_San_Pietro" title="Settimo San Pietro">Settimo San Pietro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinnai" title="Sinnai">Sinnai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uta,_Sardinia" title="Uta, Sardinia">Uta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villa_San_Pietro" title="Villa San Pietro">Villa San Pietro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Regional_capitals_of_Italy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Regional capitals of Italy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Regional_capitals_of_Italy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy" title="Regions of Italy">Regional</a> capitals of <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:5em;">   </td><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align: left;width:20%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/L%27Aquila" title="L'Aquila">L'Aquila</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Abruzzo" title="Abruzzo">Abruzzo</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Aosta" title="Aosta">Aosta</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Aosta_Valley" title="Aosta Valley">Aosta Valley</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Bari" title="Bari">Bari</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Apulia" title="Apulia">Apulia</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Potenza" title="Potenza">Potenza</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Basilicata" title="Basilicata">Basilicata</a></b> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: left;width:20%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Catanzaro" title="Catanzaro">Catanzaro</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabria</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Campania" title="Campania">Campania</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Emilia-Romagna" title="Emilia-Romagna">Emilia-Romagna</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Friuli-Venezia_Giulia" title="Friuli-Venezia Giulia">Friuli-Venezia Giulia</a></b> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: left;width:20%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Lazio" title="Lazio">Lazio</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Liguria" title="Liguria">Liguria</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Lombardy" title="Lombardy">Lombardy</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Ancona" title="Ancona">Ancona</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Marche" title="Marche">Marche</a></b> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: left;width:20%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Campobasso" title="Campobasso">Campobasso</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Molise" title="Molise">Molise</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Piedmont" title="Piedmont">Piedmont</a></b><br /><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cagliari</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a></b> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: left;width:20%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Trento" title="Trento">Trento</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Trentino-Alto_Adige/S%C3%BCdtirol" title="Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol">Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscany</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia">Perugia</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Umbria" title="Umbria">Umbria</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>, <b><a href="/wiki/Veneto" title="Veneto">Veneto</a></b> </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Capitals_of_European_states_and_territories" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Template talk:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_European_capitals_by_region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:List of European capitals by region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Capitals_of_European_states_and_territories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Capitals of European states and territories</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Capitals of <a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">dependent territories</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">states whose sovereignty is disputed</a> shown in <i>italics</i>.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></b>, Netherlands<sup>1</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Andorra_la_Vella" title="Andorra la Vella">Andorra la Vella</a></b>, Andorra</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a></b>, Turkey<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a></b>, Kazakhstan<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a></b>, Greece</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Baku" title="Baku">Baku</a></b>, Azerbaijan<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a></b>, Serbia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></b>, Germany</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bern" title="Bern">Bern</a></b>, Switzerland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a></b>, Slovakia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a></b>, Belgium<sup>3</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bucharest" title="Bucharest">Bucharest</a></b>, Romania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a></b>, Hungary</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chi%C8%99in%C4%83u" title="Chișinău">Chișinău</a></b>, Moldova</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></b>, Denmark</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a></b>, Ireland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a></b>, Finland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a></b>, Ukraine</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a></b>, Portugal</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ljubljana" title="Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a></b>, Slovenia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></b>, United Kingdom</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg</a></b>, Luxembourg</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></b>, Spain</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a></b>, Belarus</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></b><sup>5</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b>, Russia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nicosia" title="Nicosia">Nicosia</a></b>, Cyprus<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Oslo</a></b>, Norway</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></b>, France</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Podgorica" title="Podgorica">Podgorica</a></b>, Montenegro</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a></b>, Czech Republic</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a></b>, Iceland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a></b>, Latvia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></b>, Italy</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_San_Marino" title="City of San Marino">San Marino</a></b>, San Marino</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a></b>, Bosnia and Herzegovina</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Skopje" title="Skopje">Skopje</a></b>, North Macedonia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sofia" title="Sofia">Sofia</a></b>, Bulgaria</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></b>, Sweden</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a></b>, Estonia</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a></b>, Georgia<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tirana" title="Tirana">Tirana</a></b>, Albania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vaduz" title="Vaduz">Vaduz</a></b>, Liechtenstein</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a></b>, Malta</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a></b><sup>4</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></b>, Austria</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a></b>, Lithuania</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a></b>, Poland</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Yerevan" title="Yerevan">Yerevan</a></b>, Armenia<sup>2</sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zagreb" title="Zagreb">Zagreb</a></b>, Croatia</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States with<br />limited recognition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/North_Nicosia" title="North Nicosia">North Nicosia</a></b>, Northern Cyprus</i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pristina" title="Pristina">Pristina</a></b>, Kosovo</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sukhumi" title="Sukhumi">Sukhumi</a></b>, Abkhazia</i><sup>2</sup></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tiraspol" title="Tiraspol">Tiraspol</a></b>, Transnistria</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tskhinvali" title="Tskhinvali">Tskhinvali</a></b>, South Ossetia</i><sup>3</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dependencies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Constituent countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></b></i>, England</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></b></i>, Scotland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cardiff" title="Cardiff">Cardiff</a></b></i>, Wales</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Belfast" title="Belfast">Belfast</a></b></i>, Northern Ireland</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Crown_Dependencies" title="Crown Dependencies">Crown Dependencies</a> and<br /><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">Overseas Territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Douglas,_Isle_of_Man" title="Douglas, Isle of Man">Douglas</a></b></i>, Isle of Man</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Episkopi_Cantonment" title="Episkopi Cantonment">Episkopi Cantonment</a></b></i>, Akrotiri and Dhekelia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></b></i>, Gibraltar</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/St_Helier" title="St Helier">St Helier</a></b></i>, Jersey</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter_Port" title="Saint Peter Port">Saint Peter Port</a></b></i>, Guernsey</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Longyearbyen" title="Longyearbyen">Longyearbyen</a></b>, Svalbard (Norway)</i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B3rshavn" title="Tórshavn">Tórshavn</a></b>, Faroe Islands (Denmark)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Federal states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Provinces of Austria">Austria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bregenz" title="Bregenz">Bregenz</a></b></i>, Vorarlberg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Eisenstadt" title="Eisenstadt">Eisenstadt</a></b></i>, Burgenland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a></b></i>, Styria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a></b></i>, Tyrol</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Klagenfurt" class="mw-redirect" title="Klagenfurt">Klagenfurt</a></b></i>, Carinthia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a></b></i>, Upper Austria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Salzburg" title="Salzburg">Salzburg</a></b></i>, Salzburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sankt_P%C3%B6lten" title="Sankt Pölten">Sankt Pölten</a></b></i>, Lower Austria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></b></i>, Vienna</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a></b></i>, Flemish Community and French Community</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Eupen" title="Eupen">Eupen</a></b></i>, German-speaking Community</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium#Regions" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/City_of_Brussels" title="City of Brussels">Brussels</a></b></i>, Brussels-Capital Region and Flanders</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Namur" title="Namur">Namur</a></b></i>, Wallonia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Political divisions of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Banja_Luka" title="Banja Luka">Banja Luka</a></b></i> (de facto), Republika Srpska</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Br%C4%8Dko" title="Brčko">Brčko</a></b></i>, Brčko District</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a></b></i>, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">Germany</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></b></i>, Berlin</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a></b></i>, Bremen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a></b></i>, Saxony</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a></b></i>, North Rhine-Westphalia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a></b></i>, Thuringia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></b></i>, Hamburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Hanover" title="Hanover">Hanover</a></b></i>, Lower Saxony</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kiel" title="Kiel">Kiel</a></b></i>, Schleswig-Holstein</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a></b></i>, Saxony-Anhalt</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Mainz" title="Mainz">Mainz</a></b></i>, Rhineland-Palatinate</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a></b></i>, Bavaria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a></b></i>, Brandenburg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saarbr%C3%BCcken" title="Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a></b></i>, Saarland</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schwerin" title="Schwerin">Schwerin</a></b></i>, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart" title="Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></b></i>, Baden-Württemberg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Wiesbaden" title="Wiesbaden">Wiesbaden</a></b></i>, Hesse</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">Russia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Republics_of_Russia" title="Republics of Russia">Republics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cheboksary" title="Cheboksary">Cheboksary</a></b></i>, Chuvashia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Cherkessk" title="Cherkessk">Cherkessk</a></b></i>, Karachay-Cherkessia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Elista" title="Elista">Elista</a></b></i>, Kalmykia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Grozny" title="Grozny">Grozny</a></b></i>, Chechnya</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Izhevsk" title="Izhevsk">Izhevsk</a></b></i>, Udmurtia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a></b></i>, Tatarstan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Magas" title="Magas">Magas</a></b></i>, Ingushetia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Makhachkala" title="Makhachkala">Makhachkala</a></b></i>, Dagestan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Maykop" title="Maykop">Maykop</a></b></i>, Adygea</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nalchik" title="Nalchik">Nalchik</a></b></i>, Kabardino-Balkaria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Petrozavodsk" title="Petrozavodsk">Petrozavodsk</a></b></i>, Karelia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saransk" title="Saransk">Saransk</a></b></i>, Mordovia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a></b></i>, Crimea (<a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Syktyvkar" title="Syktyvkar">Syktyvkar</a></b></i>, Komi</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ufa" title="Ufa">Ufa</a></b></i>, Bashkortostan</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vladikavkaz" title="Vladikavkaz">Vladikavkaz</a></b></i>, North Ossetia–Alania</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Yoshkar-Ola" title="Yoshkar-Ola">Yoshkar-Ola</a></b></i>, Mari El</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_okrugs_of_Russia" title="Autonomous okrugs of Russia">Autonomous okrugs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Naryan-Mar" title="Naryan-Mar">Naryan-Mar</a></b></i>, Nenets</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Krais_of_Russia" title="Krais of Russia">Krais</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Krasnodar" title="Krasnodar">Krasnodar</a></b></i>, Krasnodar Krai</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Perm,_Russia" title="Perm, Russia">Perm</a></b></i>, Perm Krai</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stavropol" title="Stavropol">Stavropol</a></b></i>, Stavropol Krai</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Oblasts_of_Russia" title="Oblasts of Russia">Oblasts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk" title="Arkhangelsk">Arkhangelsk</a></b></i>, Arkhangelsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan" title="Astrakhan">Astrakhan</a></b></i>, Astrakhan Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Belgorod" title="Belgorod">Belgorod</a></b></i>, Belgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bryansk" title="Bryansk">Bryansk</a></b></i>, Bryansk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ivanovo" title="Ivanovo">Ivanovo</a></b></i>, Ivanovo Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad">Kaliningrad</a></b></i>, Kaliningrad Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kaluga" title="Kaluga">Kaluga</a></b></i>, Kaluga Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kirov,_Kirov_Oblast" title="Kirov, Kirov Oblast">Kirov</a></b></i>, Kirov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kostroma" title="Kostroma">Kostroma</a></b></i>, Kostroma Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Krasnogorsk,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast">Krasnogorsk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b></i>, Moscow Oblast (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Kursk" title="Kursk">Kursk</a></b></i>, Kursk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lipetsk" title="Lipetsk">Lipetsk</a></b></i>, Lipetsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Murmansk" title="Murmansk">Murmansk</a></b></i>, Murmansk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod" title="Nizhny Novgorod">Nizhny Novgorod</a></b></i>, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Orenburg" title="Orenburg">Orenburg</a></b></i>, Orenburg Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Oryol" title="Oryol">Oryol</a></b></i>, Oryol Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Penza" title="Penza">Penza</a></b></i>, Penza Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pskov" title="Pskov">Pskov</a></b></i>, Pskov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don" title="Rostov-on-Don">Rostov-on-Don</a></b></i>, Rostov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ryazan" title="Ryazan">Ryazan</a></b></i>, Ryazan Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Gatchina" title="Gatchina">Gatchina</a></b></i>, Leningrad Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Samara" title="Samara">Samara</a></b></i>, Samara Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saratov" title="Saratov">Saratov</a></b></i>, Saratov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Smolensk" title="Smolensk">Smolensk</a></b></i>, Smolensk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tambov" title="Tambov">Tambov</a></b></i>, Tambov Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tula,_Russia" title="Tula, Russia">Tula</a></b></i>, Tula Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Tver" title="Tver">Tver</a></b></i>, Tver Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ulyanovsk" title="Ulyanovsk">Ulyanovsk</a></b></i>, Ulyanovsk Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod">Veliky Novgorod</a></b></i>, Novgorod Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vladimir,_Russia" title="Vladimir, Russia">Vladimir</a></b></i>, Vladimir Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Volgograd" title="Volgograd">Volgograd</a></b></i>, Volgograd Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vologda" title="Vologda">Vologda</a></b></i>, Vologda Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh">Voronezh</a></b></i>, Voronezh Oblast</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl">Yaroslavl</a></b></i>, Yaroslavl Oblast</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_cities_of_Russia" title="Federal cities of Russia">Federal cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a></b></i></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a></b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Political_status_of_Crimea" title="Political status of Crimea">disputed</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Switzerland" title="Cantons of Switzerland">Switzerland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Aarau" title="Aarau">Aarau</a></b></i>, Aargau</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Altdorf,_Uri" title="Altdorf, Uri">Altdorf</a></b></i>, Uri</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Appenzell_(village)" title="Appenzell (village)">Appenzell</a></b></i>, Appenzell Innerrhoden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Basel" title="Basel">Basel</a></b></i>, Basel-Stadt</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Bellinzona" title="Bellinzona">Bellinzona</a></b></i>, Ticino</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Chur" title="Chur">Chur</a></b></i>, Grisons</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Del%C3%A9mont" title="Delémont">Delémont</a></b></i>, Jura</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Frauenfeld" title="Frauenfeld">Frauenfeld</a></b></i>, Thurgau</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Fribourg" title="Fribourg">Fribourg</a></b></i>, Canton of Fribourg</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a></b></i>, Canton of Geneva</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Herisau" title="Herisau">Herisau</a></b></i>, Appenzell Ausserrhoden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lausanne" title="Lausanne">Lausanne</a></b></i>, Vaud</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Liestal" title="Liestal">Liestal</a></b></i>, Basel-Landschaft</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Lucerne" title="Lucerne">Lucerne</a></b></i>, Canton of Lucerne</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel" title="Neuchâtel">Neuchâtel</a></b></i>, Canton of Neuchâtel</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sarnen" title="Sarnen">Sarnen</a></b></i>, Obwalden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schaffhausen" title="Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a></b></i>, Canton of Schaffhausen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Schwyz" title="Schwyz">Schwyz</a></b></i>, Canton of Schwyz</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Sion,_Switzerland" title="Sion, Switzerland">Sion</a></b></i>, Valais</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Solothurn" title="Solothurn">Solothurn</a></b></i>, Canton of Solothurn</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Stans" title="Stans">Stans</a></b></i>, Nidwalden</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/St._Gallen" title="St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a></b></i>, Canton of St. Gallen</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Glarus" title="Glarus">Glarus</a></b></i>, Canton of Glarus</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zug" title="Zug">Zug</a></b></i>, Canton of Zug</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zurich" title="Zurich">Zurich</a></b></i>, Canton of Zürich</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Autonomous<br />entities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Italy#Autonomous_regions_with_special_statute" title="Regions of Italy">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cagliari</a></b></i>, Sardinia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a></b></i>, Sicily</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Trento" title="Trento">Trento</a></b></i>, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Aosta" title="Aosta">Aosta</a></b></i>, Aosta Valley</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a></b></i>, Friuli Venezia Giulia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Autonomous_regions" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_regions_of_Portugal" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous regions of Portugal">Autonomous regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ponta_Delgada" title="Ponta Delgada">Ponta Delgada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angra_do_Hero%C3%ADsmo" title="Angra do Heroísmo">Angra do Heroísmo</a>, & <a href="/wiki/Horta,_Azores" title="Horta, Azores">Horta</a></b></i>, Azores</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Funchal" title="Funchal">Funchal</a></b></i>, Madeira</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a></b></i>, Catalonia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Las_Palmas" title="Las Palmas">Las Palmas</a></b></i> & <i><b><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Tenerife" title="Santa Cruz de Tenerife">Santa Cruz de Tenerife</a></b></i>, Canary Islands</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Logro%C3%B1o" title="Logroño">Logroño</a></b></i>, La Rioja</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></b></i>, Community of Madrid</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9rida,_Spain" title="Mérida, Spain">Mérida</a></b></i>, Extremadura</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Murcia" title="Murcia">Murcia</a></b></i>, Region of Murcia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Oviedo" title="Oviedo">Oviedo</a></b></i>, Asturias</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Palma_de_Mallorca" title="Palma de Mallorca">Palma de Mallorca</a></b></i>, Balearic Islands</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Pamplona" title="Pamplona">Pamplona</a></b></i>, Navarre</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Santander,_Spain" title="Santander, Spain">Santander</a></b></i>, Cantabria</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a></b></i>, Galicia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a></b></i>, Andalusia</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo</a></b></i>, Castilla–La Mancha (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a></b></i>, Valencian Community</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Valladolid" title="Valladolid">Valladolid</a></b></i>, Castile and León (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Vitoria-Gasteiz" title="Vitoria-Gasteiz">Vitoria-Gasteiz</a></b></i>, Basque Country (de facto)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a></b></i>, Aragon</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Ajaccio" title="Ajaccio">Ajaccio</a></b></i>, Corsica Collectivité (France)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Batumi" title="Batumi">Batumi</a></b></i>, Adjara (Georgia)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Comrat" title="Comrat">Comrat</a></b></i>, Gagauzia (Moldova)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Karyes,_Mount_Athos" title="Karyes, Mount Athos">Karyes</a></b></i>, Mount Athos (Greece)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Mariehamn" title="Mariehamn">Mariehamn</a></b></i>, Åland Islands (Finland)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Nakhchivan_(city)" title="Nakhchivan (city)">Nakhchivan</a></b></i>, Nakhchivan (Azerbaijan)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a></b></i>, Vojvodina (Serbia)</li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Simferopol" title="Simferopol">Simferopol</a></b></i>, Crimea (Ukraine)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>1</sup></span> Also the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>2</sup></span> Continental placement may vary <a href="/wiki/Boundaries_between_the_continents_of_Earth#Asia_and_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Boundaries between the continents of Earth">depending on geographic convention</a> being followed</li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>3</sup></span> Also the seat of the European Union, see <a href="/wiki/Institutional_seats_of_the_European_Union" title="Institutional seats of the European Union">Institutional seats of the European Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brussels_and_the_European_Union" title="Brussels and the European Union">Brussels and the European Union</a></li> <li><span style="position: relative; top: 0.2em;"><sup>4</sup></span> A city-state</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="20px&#124;Phoenician_Hippos_ship_Phoenician_cities_and_colonies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Phoenician_cities_and_colonies" title="Template:Phoenician cities and colonies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Phoenician_cities_and_colonies" title="Template talk:Phoenician cities and colonies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a 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href="/wiki/List_of_Phoenician_cities" title="List of Phoenician cities">Phoenician cities and colonies</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Algeria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Camarata_(Mauretania)" title="Camarata (Mauretania)">Camarata</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cartennae" title="Cartennae">Cartennae</a> (<a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9n%C3%A8s" title="Ténès">Tenes</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hippo_Regius" title="Hippo Regius">Hippo Regius</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Icosium" title="Icosium">Icosium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Igilgili" title="Igilgili">Igilgili</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jijel" title="Jijel">Jijel</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cherchell" title="Cherchell">Iol (Cherchell)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Iomnium" title="Iomnium">Iomnium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tigzirt" title="Tigzirt">Tigzirt</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cirta" title="Cirta">Cirta</a> (<a href="/wiki/Constantine,_Algeria" title="Constantine, Algeria">Constantine</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Djinet" title="Djinet">Kissi (Djinet)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Macomades" title="Macomades">Macomades</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Calama_(Numidia)" title="Calama (Numidia)">Malaca</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rachgoun" title="Rachgoun">Rachgoun</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusazus" title="Rusazus">Rusazus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Azeffoun" title="Azeffoun">Azeffoun</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tamentfoust" title="Tamentfoust">Rusguniae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tamentfoust" title="Tamentfoust">Tamentfoust</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Skikda" title="Skikda">Rusicade (Skikda)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusippisir" title="Rusippisir">Rusippisir (Taksebt)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusubbicari" title="Rusubbicari">Rusubbicari</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zemmouri" title="Zemmouri">Zemmouri</a> El Bahri)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dellys" title="Dellys">Rusuccuru (Dellys)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Zara%C3%AF" title="Zaraï">Sarai</a> (<a href="/wiki/A%C3%AFn_Oulmene" title="Aïn Oulmene">Aïn Oulmene</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thagora" title="Thagora">Thagora</a> (<a href="/wiki/Taoura" title="Taoura">Taoura</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tipasa_in_Mauretania" class="mw-redirect" title="Tipasa in Mauretania">Tipasa in Mauretania</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tipasa_in_Numidia" title="Tipasa in Numidia">Tipasa in Numidia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Timici" title="Timici">Timici</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cyprus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Dali,_Cyprus" title="Dali, Cyprus">Dhali</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kition" title="Kition">Kition</a> (<a href="/wiki/Larnaca" title="Larnaca">Larnaca</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lapathus_(Cyprus)" title="Lapathus (Cyprus)">Lapathus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marion,_Cyprus" title="Marion, Cyprus">Marion</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greece</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Santorini" title="Santorini">Callista (Santorini)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paxi" class="mw-redirect" title="Paxi">Paxi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rhodes" title="Rhodes">Rhodes</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Delos" title="Delos">Delos</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Israel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Achziv" title="Achziv">Achzib</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Akka (Acre)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tel_Dor" title="Tel Dor">Dora</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tel_Michal" title="Tel Michal">Michal</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jaffa" title="Jaffa">Jaffa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Apollonia-Arsuf" class="mw-redirect" title="Apollonia-Arsuf">Reshef</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tel_Shikmona" title="Tel Shikmona">Shikmona</a> (<a href="/wiki/Haifa" title="Haifa">Haifa</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Maritima" title="Caesarea Maritima">Strato's Tower (Caesarea)</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Bithia,_Italy" title="Bithia, Italy">Bitan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chia_(Sardinia)" title="Chia (Sardinia)">Chia</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cefal%C3%B9" title="Cefalù">Cape Melqart (Cefalù)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Drepana" title="Drepana">Drepanum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Trapani" title="Trapani">Trapani</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Eryx_(Sicily)" title="Eryx (Sicily)">Eryx</a> (<a href="/wiki/Erice" title="Erice">Erice</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Heraclea_Minoa" title="Heraclea Minoa">Heraclea Minoa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Soluntum" title="Soluntum">Kapara (Soluntum)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cagliari" title="History of Cagliari">Karaly</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cagliari</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marsala" title="Marsala">Lilybaeum</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Motya" title="Motya">Motya</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Neapolis,_Sardinia" class="mw-redirect" title="Neapolis, Sardinia">Neapolis</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nora,_Italy" title="Nora, Italy">Nora</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Olbia" title="Olbia">Olbia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Pantelleria" title="Pantelleria">Pantelleria</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Selinunte" title="Selinunte">Selinunte</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sulci" title="Sulci">Sulci</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sant%27Antioco" title="Sant'Antioco">Sant'Antioco</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tharros" title="Tharros">Tharros</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Ṣiṣ (Palermo)</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lebanon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Amioun" title="Amioun">Amia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Enfeh" class="mw-redirect" title="Enfeh">Ampi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Arqa" title="Arqa">Arqa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Lebanon" title="Tripoli, Lebanon">Athar (Tripoli)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Baalbek" title="Baalbek">Baalbek</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Berytus" title="Berytus">Birut</a> (<a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Batroun" title="Batroun">Botrys (Teros)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Byblos" title="Byblos">Gebal (Byblos)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tell_el-Burak" title="Tell el-Burak">Ornithon (Tell el-Burak)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jieh" title="Jieh"> Porphyreon (Jieh)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sarepta" title="Sarepta">Sarepta</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sidon" title="Sidon">Sidon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon" title="Tyre, Lebanon">Sur (Tyre)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ushu" title="Ushu">Ushu (Palaetyrus)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Umm_al-Amad,_Lebanon" title="Umm al-Amad, Lebanon">Umm al-Amad</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Libya</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Leptis_Magna" title="Leptis Magna">Lepcis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Khoms,_Libya" class="mw-redirect" title="Khoms, Libya">Khoms</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oea" title="Oea">Oyat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tripoli,_Libya" title="Tripoli, Libya">Tripoli</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sabratha" title="Sabratha">Tsabratan</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Malta</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd>Maleth (<a href="/wiki/Cospicua" title="Cospicua">Cospicua</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Melite_(ancient_city)" title="Melite (ancient city)">Ann</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mdina" title="Mdina">Mdina</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gozo" title="Gozo">Gaulos (Gozo)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C4%A7ajn_Qajjet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Għajn Qajjet (page does not exist)">Għajn Qajjet</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mtarfa" title="Mtarfa">Mtarfa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ras_il-Wardija" title="Ras il-Wardija">Ras il-Wardija</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tas-Sil%C4%A1" title="Tas-Silġ">Tas-Silġ</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Morocco</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Azemmour" title="Azemmour">Azama (Azemmour)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Essaouira" title="Essaouira">Arambys (Mogador)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caricus_Murus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caricus Murus (page does not exist)">Caricus Murus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ksar_es-Seghir" title="Ksar es-Seghir">Heq she Elisha (Ksar es-Seghir)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lixus_(ancient_city)" title="Lixus (ancient city)">Likush</a> (<a href="/wiki/Larache" title="Larache">Larache</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chellah" title="Chellah">Shalat (Chellah)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tamusida" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamusida">Tamusida</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tingis" class="mw-redirect" title="Tingis">Tinga</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tangier" title="Tangier">Tangier</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Anfa" title="Anfa">Anfa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Casablanca" title="Casablanca">Casablanca</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Volubilis" title="Volubilis">Volubilis</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mogador_Island" title="Mogador Island">Mogador</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusadir" title="Rusadir">Rusadir</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oualidia" title="Oualidia">Oualidia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Iulia_Constantia_Zilil" title="Iulia Constantia Zilil">Zilil</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Agadir" title="Agadir">Gadir</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chellah" title="Chellah">Sala</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thymiaterium" title="Thymiaterium">Thymiaterium</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/El_Jadida" title="El Jadida">Rusibis</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Portim%C3%A3o" title="Portimão">Portus Hannibalis</a></dd> <dd>Portus Magonis (Portimão)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Olissipona (Lisbon)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Faro,_Portugal" title="Faro, Portugal">Ossonoba (Faro)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Balsa_(Roman_town)" title="Balsa (Roman town)">Balsa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tavira" title="Tavira">Tavira</a>)</dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Abdera,_Spain" title="Abdera, Spain">Abdera</a> (<a href="/wiki/Adra,_Spain" title="Adra, Spain">Adra</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Abyla" title="Abyla">Abyla</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lucentum" title="Lucentum">Akra Leuka</a> (<a href="/wiki/Alicante" title="Alicante">Alicante</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1diz" title="Cádiz">Gadir (Cadiz)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Guardamar_del_Segura" title="Guardamar del Segura">Herna</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sa_Caleta_Phoenician_Settlement" title="Sa Caleta Phoenician Settlement">Iboshim</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ibiza" title="Ibiza">Ibiza</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mah%C3%B3n" title="Mahón">Mahón</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/History_of_M%C3%A1laga" title="History of Málaga">Malake</a> (<a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Huelva" title="Huelva">Onoba</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cartagena,_Spain" title="Cartagena, Spain">Carthage (Cartagena)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rusadir" title="Rusadir">Rushadir</a> (<a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Saguntum" class="mw-redirect" title="Saguntum">Saguntum</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sexi_(Phoenician_colony)" title="Sexi (Phoenician colony)">Sexi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Almunecar" class="mw-redirect" title="Almunecar">Almunecar</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/T%C3%ADjola" title="Tíjola">Tagilit (Tíjola)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Los_Toscanos" title="Los Toscanos">Toscanos</a> (<a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9lez-M%C3%A1laga" title="Vélez-Málaga">Velez</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Peniscola" title="Peniscola">Tyreche</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Syria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Arwad" title="Arwad">Arwad</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Amrit" title="Amrit">Marat (Amrit)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Baniyas" title="Baniyas">Balanaea (Baniyas)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Carne,_Phoenicia" title="Carne, Phoenicia">Carne</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paltus" title="Paltus">Paltus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Safita" title="Safita">Safita</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tell_Sukas" title="Tell Sukas">Shuksi</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tell_Kazel" title="Tell Kazel">Sumur</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ugarit" title="Ugarit">Ugarit</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tunisia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Kelibia" title="Kelibia">Aspis (Kelibia)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bulla_Regia" title="Bulla Regia">Bulla Regia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Carthage" title="Ancient Carthage">Carthage</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hadrumetum" title="Hadrumetum">Hadrumetum</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sousse" title="Sousse">Sousse</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bizerte" title="Bizerte">Hippo Diarrhytus (Bizerte)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kerkouane" title="Kerkouane">Kerkouane</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leptis_Parva" title="Leptis Parva">Lepcis</a> (<a href="/wiki/Monastir,_Tunisia" title="Monastir, Tunisia">Monastir</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maqom_Hadesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Maqom Hadesh">Maqom Hadesh (Ounga)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Meninx_(town)" title="Meninx (town)">Meninx</a> (<a href="/wiki/Djerba" title="Djerba">Djerba</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ruspe" title="Ruspe">Ruspe</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ruspina" title="Ruspina">Ruspina</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/El_Kef" title="El Kef">Sicca (El Kef)</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tabarka" title="Tabarka">Tabarka</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thenae" title="Thenae">Tayinat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thyna" title="Thyna">Thyna</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thapsus" title="Thapsus">Thapsus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thysdrus" title="Thysdrus">Thysdrus</a> (<a href="/wiki/El_Djem" title="El Djem">El Djem</a>)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Utica,_Tunisia" title="Utica, Tunisia">Utica</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Myriandus" title="Myriandus">Myriandus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Finike" title="Finike">Phoenicus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tahpanhes" title="Tahpanhes">Tahpanhes</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_in_Italy_by_population" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_in_Italy" title="Template:Cities in Italy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_in_Italy" title="Template talk:Cities in Italy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_in_Italy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities in Italy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_in_Italy_by_population" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Italy" title="List of cities in Italy">Cities in Italy</a> by population</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1,000,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milan" title="Milan">Milan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">500,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turin" title="Turin">Turin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bari" title="Bari">Bari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catania" title="Catania">Catania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messina" title="Messina">Messina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padua" title="Padua">Padua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verona" title="Verona">Verona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancona" title="Ancona">Ancona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andria" title="Andria">Andria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arezzo" title="Arezzo">Arezzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergamo" title="Bergamo">Bergamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolzano" title="Bolzano">Bolzano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brescia" title="Brescia">Brescia</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cagliari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferrara" title="Ferrara">Ferrara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foggia" title="Foggia">Foggia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forl%C3%AC" title="Forlì">Forlì</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giugliano_in_Campania" title="Giugliano in Campania">Giugliano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latina,_Lazio" title="Latina, Lazio">Latina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livorno" title="Livorno">Livorno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modena" title="Modena">Modena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monza" title="Monza">Monza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novara" title="Novara">Novara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parma" title="Parma">Parma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perugia" title="Perugia">Perugia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pescara" title="Pescara">Pescara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piacenza" title="Piacenza">Piacenza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prato" title="Prato">Prato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravenna" title="Ravenna">Ravenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggio_Calabria" title="Reggio Calabria">Reggio Calabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggio_Emilia" title="Reggio Emilia">Reggio Emilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimini" title="Rimini">Rimini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salerno" title="Salerno">Salerno</a></li> <li><a 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aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/134322728">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4085112-6">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Cagliari (Itálie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0037480&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX452384">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=497/17277">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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