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<span>Cultivation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultivation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_in_Christian_symbolism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_in_Christian_symbolism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Use in Christian symbolism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_in_Christian_symbolism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chemistry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chemistry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet 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Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilium_longiflorum" title="Lilium longiflorum – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Lilium longiflorum" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oster-Lilie" title="Oster-Lilie – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Oster-Lilie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilium_longiflorum" title="Lilium longiflorum – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lilium longiflorum" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85_%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%81%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85" title="لیلیوم لانگیفلوروم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لیلیوم لانگیفلوروم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilium_longiflorum" title="Lilium longiflorum – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lilium longiflorum" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lile_na_C%C3%A1sca" title="Lile na Cásca – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Lile na Cásca" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakung_Paskah" title="Bakung Paskah – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bakung Paskah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilium_longiflorum" title="Lilium longiflorum – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Lilium longiflorum" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%83%83%E3%83%9D%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A6%E3%83%AA" title="テッポウユリ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="テッポウユリ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilium_longiflorum" title="Lilium longiflorum – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Lilium longiflorum" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilium_longiflorum" title="Lilium longiflorum – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lilium longiflorum" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F" title="Лилия длинноцветковая – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Лилия длинноцветковая" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trumpetlilja" title="Trumpetlilja – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Trumpetlilja" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loa_k%C3%A8n" title="Loa kèn – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Loa kèn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilium_longiflorum" title="Lilium longiflorum – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Lilium longiflorum" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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</th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Lilium_longiflorum_(Easter_Lily).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Lilium_longiflorum_%28Easter_Lily%29.JPG/220px-Lilium_longiflorum_%28Easter_Lily%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Lilium_longiflorum_%28Easter_Lily%29.JPG/330px-Lilium_longiflorum_%28Easter_Lily%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Lilium_longiflorum_%28Easter_Lily%29.JPG/440px-Lilium_longiflorum_%28Easter_Lily%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2256" data-file-height="2256" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Lilium" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monocotyledon" title="Monocotyledon">Monocots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liliales" title="Liliales">Liliales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Liliaceae" title="Liliaceae">Liliaceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subfamily: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lilioideae" title="Lilioideae">Lilioideae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tribe: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lilieae" title="Lilieae">Lilieae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lilium" title="Lilium"><i>Lilium</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>L. longiflorum</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Lilium longiflorum</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Peter_Thunberg" title="Carl Peter Thunberg">Thunb.</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><i><b>Lilium longiflorum</b></i>, often called the <b>Easter lily</b>, is a species of plant endemic to both Taiwan and <a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_Islands" title="Ryukyu Islands">Ryukyu Islands</a> (Japan). <i><a href="/wiki/Lilium_formosanum" title="Lilium formosanum">Lilium formosanum</a></i>, a closely related species from Taiwan, has been treated as a variety of Easter lily in the past. It is a stem rooting lily, growing up to 1 m (3 ft 3 in) high. It bears a number of trumpet shaped, white, fragrant, and outward facing flowers. This species, along with most other true lilies, are highly toxic to cats.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lilium_longiflorum&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Plants tend to grow from about 50 cm (20 in) to 1 m (3 ft 3 in) tall. They have long oval leaves and the vein enters the horizontal direction. From April to June, the plant's flowering season, it produces pure white flowers on top of the stem. The stem has a cylindrical shape, with a diameter of about 5 cm (2.0 in). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultivation">Cultivation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lilium_longiflorum&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Cultivation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Variety_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Variety (biology)">variety</a> of it, <i>L. longiflorum</i> var. <i>eximium</i>, native to the <a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_Islands" title="Ryukyu Islands">Ryukyu Islands</a>, is taller and more vigorous. It is extensively cultivated for <a href="/wiki/Cut_flowers" title="Cut flowers">cut flowers</a>. It has irregular blooming periods in nature, and this is exploited in cultivation, allowing it to be forced for flowering at particular periods, such as <a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a>. However, it can be induced to flower over a much wider period. This variety is sometimes called the <i>Bermuda lily</i> because it has been much cultivated in <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Bermuda#Agriculture" title="Economy of Bermuda">Bermuda</a>. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lilium_longiflorum_%27Pink-Heaven%27.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Lilium_longiflorum_%27Pink-Heaven%27.jpg/220px-Lilium_longiflorum_%27Pink-Heaven%27.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Lilium_longiflorum_%27Pink-Heaven%27.jpg/330px-Lilium_longiflorum_%27Pink-Heaven%27.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Lilium_longiflorum_%27Pink-Heaven%27.jpg/440px-Lilium_longiflorum_%27Pink-Heaven%27.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2656" data-file-height="2384" /></a><figcaption>Lilium longiflorum 'Pink-Heaven'</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Easter_Lily_--_Lilium_longiflorum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Easter_Lily_--_Lilium_longiflorum.jpg/220px-Easter_Lily_--_Lilium_longiflorum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Easter_Lily_--_Lilium_longiflorum.jpg/330px-Easter_Lily_--_Lilium_longiflorum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Easter_Lily_--_Lilium_longiflorum.jpg/440px-Easter_Lily_--_Lilium_longiflorum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2911" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_in_Christian_symbolism">Use in Christian symbolism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lilium_longiflorum&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Use in Christian symbolism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Lilium longiflorum</i> is known as the Easter lily because in <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, it is a <a href="/wiki/Christian_symbolism" title="Christian symbolism">symbol</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Resurrection of Christ">resurrection of Christ</a>, which is celebrated during <a href="/wiki/Eastertide" title="Eastertide">Eastertide</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "lily has always been highly regarded in the Church", as <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> referenced the flower, saying "Consider the lilies how they grow: they toil not, they spin not; and yet I say unto you, that Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these" (<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Luke#12:27" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Luke">Luke 12:27</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Soares1907_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Soares1907-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, according to pious legend, "after <a href="/wiki/Passion_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Passion (Christianity)">Jesus' death</a> and resurrection, some of these beautiful flowers were found growing in the <a href="/wiki/Garden_of_Gethsemane" class="mw-redirect" title="Garden of Gethsemane">Garden of Gethsemane</a>, where Jesus went to pray the night before His <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">crucifixion</a>. Legend has it that these flowers sprung up where drops of Jesus' sweat fell as he prayed".<sup id="cite_ref-Hafer2006_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hafer2006-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Swenson2002_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swenson2002-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In many <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> <a href="/wiki/Church_(building)" title="Church (building)">churches</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chancel" title="Chancel">chancel</a> is adorned with Easter lilies throughout the <a href="/wiki/Eastertide" title="Eastertide">Paschal season</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A poem of the early 1900s titled <i>Easter Lilies</i> by <a href="/wiki/Esther_Saville_Allen" title="Esther Saville Allen"> Mrs. S.R. Allen</a>, delineates this custom: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Somewhere while the Easter lilies <br />Swing their perfumed censers white,<br /> Softened rays of sunlight falling<br /> In lines aslant, and warm, and bright,<br /> Shall gild the altar, nave and chancel;<br />Rest with tender roseate ray<br /> On the font, enwreathed with lilies<br /> For baptismal rites today.<br /> Another pilgrim on the journey<br /> From the cradle to the tomb,<br /> Shall receive a name and blessing<br /> While the Easter lilies bloom.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Mrs. S.R. Allen (<a href="/wiki/Esther_Saville_Allen" title="Esther Saville Allen">Esther Saville Allen</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Ludwig1906_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ludwig1906-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lilium_longiflorum&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1903, the USDA's Agricultural Research Services (ARS) started to distribute disease-free plant materials and seeds. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Bermuda" title="Economy of Bermuda">Bermuda</a>, from the 1890s to the early 1900s, there was from over some 200 fields a thriving export trade of lily bulbs by sea to <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a>. A disease then started affecting the lilies: a virus was identified by <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Ogilvie" title="Lawrence Ogilvie">Lawrence Ogilvie</a>, the Bermuda Government's first <a href="/wiki/Plant_pathologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Plant pathologist">plant pathologist</a>, serving from 1923 to 1928. </p><p>In 1924 <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Ogilvie" title="Lawrence Ogilvie">Lawrence Ogilvie</a> (age 25) saved the industry by identifying the problem to be not aphid damage as previously thought, and instituting controls in the fields and packing houses. There was a marked improvement in exporting 23 cases of lily bulbs in 1918 to 6043 cases in 1927 from the then 204 lily fields.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the disease eliminated by him, he saved the <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Bermuda" title="Economy of Bermuda">economy of Bermuda</a> (lilies and early vegetables sent by ship to New York were then economically much more important for Bermuda than hotels and financial services are now). </p><p>Lawrence Ogilvie was established by his skills as a successful young scientist, still in his 20s, when he had a 3-inch column describing his work published in 1927 in the world's premier scientific-journal <a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)"><i>Nature</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nature_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nature-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1929, USDA's Agricultural Research Services started a breeding program, and released one of the first dwarf cultivars for potted-plant production.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to USDA's effort, lily bulbs were mostly <a href="/wiki/Import" title="Import">imported</a> from Japan until the 1940s. The supply of bulbs was suddenly cut off after the <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">attack on Pearl Harbor</a> and Easter lilies became extremely valuable in the United States. </p><p>Currently, nearly all Easter lily bulbs used in North America are grown on coastal bottom lands in northwestern California and southwestern Oregon, particularly in the town of <a href="/wiki/Smith_River,_California" title="Smith River, California">Smith River, California</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Chemistry">Chemistry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lilium_longiflorum&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Chemistry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Easter lily is a rich source of <a href="/wiki/Steroid" title="Steroid">steroidal</a> <a href="/wiki/Glycoside" title="Glycoside">glycosides</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also contains bitter principles such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=3,6%E2%80%B2-diferuloylsucrose&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3,6′-diferuloylsucrose (page does not exist)">3,6′-diferuloylsucrose</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toxicity">Toxicity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lilium_longiflorum&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Toxicity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>L. longiflorum</i> is toxic to <a href="/wiki/Cat" title="Cat">cats</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The true mechanism of toxicity is undetermined, but it involves damage to the <a href="/wiki/Renal_tubular" class="mw-redirect" title="Renal tubular">renal tubular</a> epithelium (composing the substance of the kidney and secreting, collecting, and conducting urine), which can cause <a href="/wiki/Acute_kidney_injury" title="Acute kidney injury">acute kidney injury</a>. Veterinary help should be sought, as a matter of urgency, for any cat that is suspected of eating any part of the lily – including licking pollen that may have brushed onto its coat.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lilium_longiflorum&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Research on <i>L. longiflorum</i> has contributed to our understanding of the molecular mechanism of genetic recombination during meiosis, particularly with respect to the role of <a href="/wiki/RecA" title="RecA">RecA</a>-like proteins.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lilium_longiflorum&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_plants_known_as_lily" title="List of plants known as lily">List of plants known as lily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter_Lily_(badge)" title="Easter Lily (badge)">Easter lily (badge)</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Zantedeschia_aethiopica" title="Zantedeschia aethiopica">calla lily</a>'s use as a symbol of remembrance for Irish republican combatants</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lilium_longiflorum&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLangston2002" class="citation journal cs1">Langston, Cathy E. (2002-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://avmajournals.avma.org/view/journals/javma/220/1/javma.2002.220.49.xml">"Acute renal failure caused by lily ingestion in six cats"</a>. <i>Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association</i>. <b>220</b> (1): 49–52. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2460%2Fjavma.2002.220.49">10.2460/javma.2002.220.49</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-1488">0003-1488</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Veterinary+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Acute+renal+failure+caused+by+lily+ingestion+in+six+cats&rft.volume=220&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=49-52&rft.date=2002-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2460%2Fjavma.2002.220.49&rft.issn=0003-1488&rft.aulast=Langston&rft.aufirst=Cathy+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Favmajournals.avma.org%2Fview%2Fjournals%2Fjavma%2F220%2F1%2Fjavma.2002.220.49.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALilium+longiflorum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollins2014" class="citation web cs1">Collins, Cynthia (19 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://guardianlv.com/2014/04/easter-lily-tradition-and-history/">"Easter Lily Tradition and History"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2014</span>. <q>The Easter Lily is symbolic of the resurrection of Jesus Christ. Churches of all denominations, large and small, are filled with floral arrangements of these white flowers with their trumpet-like shape on Easter morning.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Easter+Lily+Tradition+and+History&rft.date=2014-04-19&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Cynthia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fguardianlv.com%2F2014%2F04%2Feaster-lily-tradition-and-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALilium+longiflorum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchell1916" class="citation book cs1">Schell, Stanley (1916). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/EasterCelebrations"><i>Easter Celebrations</i></a>. Werner & Company. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/EasterCelebrations/page/n96">84</a>. <q>We associate the lily with Easter, as pre-eminently the symbol of the Resurrection.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Easter+Celebrations&rft.pages=84&rft.pub=Werner+%26+Company&rft.date=1916&rft.aulast=Schell&rft.aufirst=Stanley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FEasterCelebrations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALilium+longiflorum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Soares1907-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Soares1907_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSoares1907" class="citation book cs1">Soares, Theodore Gerald (1907). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/TheWeekOfOurLordsPassion"><i>The Week of Our Lord's Passion</i></a>. Hope Publishing Company. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/TheWeekOfOurLordsPassion/page/n220">210</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2014</span>. <q>The lily has always been highly regarding in the Church. Jesus said "Consider the lilies." The white lily is the symbol of purity. There is a peculiar fitness in the choice of this flower as an Easter emblem. Its bulb is hidden in the earth, and waits the coming of the Easter season to spring forth and blossom. Beautiful in itself it is still more beautiful in its sacred significance.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Week+of+Our+Lord%27s+Passion&rft.pages=210&rft.pub=Hope+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1907&rft.aulast=Soares&rft.aufirst=Theodore+Gerald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FTheWeekOfOurLordsPassion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALilium+longiflorum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hafer2006-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hafer2006_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHafer2006" class="citation book cs1">Hafer, Todd (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NWqeXi5C0-QC&pg=PT17"><i>Easter A to Z</i></a>. Hallmark Cards, Incorporated. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781595301079" title="Special:BookSources/9781595301079"><bdi>9781595301079</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2014</span>. <q>Easter lilies are, perhaps, the most famous holiday flowers of all time. Sometime after Jesus' death and resurrection, some of these beautiful flowers were found growing in the Garden of Gethsemane, where Jesus went to pray the night before His crucifixion. Legend has it that these flowers sprung up where drops of Jesus' sweat fell as he prayed and became very sad about what was happening to Him.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Easter+A+to+Z&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Hallmark+Cards%2C+Incorporated&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781595301079&rft.aulast=Hafer&rft.aufirst=Todd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNWqeXi5C0-QC%26pg%3DPT17&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALilium+longiflorum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Swenson2002-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Swenson2002_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwenson2002" class="citation book cs1">Swenson, Allan A. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8aMG20kK2jIC&pg=PA182"><i>Flowers of the Bible: And How to Grow Them</i></a>. Kensington Publishing Corporation. p. 182. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780806523149" title="Special:BookSources/9780806523149"><bdi>9780806523149</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2014</span>. <q>Christian tradition also says that lilies were found growing in the Garden of Gethsemane after Christ's agony.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flowers+of+the+Bible%3A+And+How+to+Grow+Them&rft.pages=182&rft.pub=Kensington+Publishing+Corporation&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780806523149&rft.aulast=Swenson&rft.aufirst=Allan+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8aMG20kK2jIC%26pg%3DPA182&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALilium+longiflorum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4GDTAAAAMAAJ"><i>Luther League Review: 1936-1937</i></a>. Luther League of America. 1936. <q>There were Easter lilies everywhere, on the platform in Sunday School, and the church was full of them, around the organ, along the chancel rail, inside the chancel, the whole front of the church seemed full of them.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Luther+League+Review%3A+1936-1937&rft.pub=Luther+League+of+America&rft.date=1936&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4GDTAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALilium+longiflorum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFranklin1906" class="citation book cs1">Franklin, Estelle Eva (1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mNBOAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA550"><i>Home Science Magazine</i></a>. Home Science Publishing Company. p. 550. <q>The Easter lily, the emblem of the Christian church for centuries, is probably more largely used for decoration of altar and shrine throughout the civilized world, in the festival of the Resurrection, than all other flowers combined.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Home+Science+Magazine&rft.pages=550&rft.pub=Home+Science+Publishing+Company&rft.date=1906&rft.aulast=Franklin&rft.aufirst=Estelle+Eva&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmNBOAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA550&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALilium+longiflorum" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ludwig1906-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ludwig1906_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLudwigS.R._Allen1906" class="citation book cs1">Ludwig, O. C.; S.R. Allen (1906). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/picturesandpoem00ludwgoog"><i>Pictures and Poems of Arkansas</i></a>. Sketch Book Publishing Co. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/picturesandpoem00ludwgoog/page/n121">103</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pictures+and+Poems+of+Arkansas&rft.pages=103&rft.pub=Sketch+Book+Publishing+Co.&rft.date=1906&rft.aulast=Ludwig&rft.aufirst=O.+C.&rft.au=S.R.+Allen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpicturesandpoem00ludwgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALilium+longiflorum" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">October 1928 <i>Monthly Bulletin of the Bermuda Department of Agriculture and Fisheries</i> article by <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Ogilvie" title="Lawrence Ogilvie">Lawrence Ogilvie</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nature-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nature_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOgilvie1927" class="citation journal cs1">Ogilvie, Lawrence (April 1927). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F119528b0">"An Important Virus Disease of Lilium longiflorum and its Varieties"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>119</b> (2997): 528. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1927Natur.119..528O">1927Natur.119..528O</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F119528b0">10.1038/119528b0</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1476-4687">1476-4687</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:8937999">8937999</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=An+Important+Virus+Disease+of+Lilium+longiflorum+and+its+Varieties&rft.volume=119&rft.issue=2997&rft.pages=528&rft.date=1927-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F119528b0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A8937999%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1476-4687&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1927Natur.119..528O&rft.aulast=Ogilvie&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252F119528b0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALilium+longiflorum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/sp2UserFiles/Place/12000000/Partnering/LilySuccess.pdf">"A Brief History of Easter Lilies and the Role of the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. USDA-ARS.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+Easter+Lilies+and+the+Role+of+the+Beltsville+Agricultural+Research+Center&rft.pub=USDA-ARS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ars.usda.gov%2Fsp2UserFiles%2FPlace%2F12000000%2FPartnering%2FLilySuccess.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALilium+longiflorum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMunafoGianfagna2011" class="citation journal cs1">Munafo, JP; Gianfagna, TJ (2011). "Quantitative analysis of steroidal glycosides in different organs of Easter lily (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.) by LC-MS/MS". <i>J Agric Food Chem</i>. <b>59</b> (3): 995–1004. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1021%2Fjf1036454">10.1021/jf1036454</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21235207">21235207</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J+Agric+Food+Chem&rft.atitle=Quantitative+analysis+of+steroidal+glycosides+in+different+organs+of+Easter+lily+%28Lilium+longiflorum+Thunb.%29+by+LC-MS%2FMS&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=995-1004&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fjf1036454&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21235207&rft.aulast=Munafo&rft.aufirst=JP&rft.au=Gianfagna%2C+TJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALilium+longiflorum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShoyamaHatanoNishiokaYamagishi1987" class="citation journal cs1">Shoyama, Yukihiro; Hatano, Koji; Nishioka, Itsuo; Yamagishi, Takashi (1987). "Phenolic glycosides from Lilium longiflorum". <i>Phytochemistry</i>. <b>26</b> (11): 2965. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1987PChem..26.2965S">1987PChem..26.2965S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0031-9422%2800%2984572-0">10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84572-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Phytochemistry&rft.atitle=Phenolic+glycosides+from+Lilium+longiflorum&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=2965&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0031-9422%2800%2984572-0&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1987PChem..26.2965S&rft.aulast=Shoyama&rft.aufirst=Yukihiro&rft.au=Hatano%2C+Koji&rft.au=Nishioka%2C+Itsuo&rft.au=Yamagishi%2C+Takashi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALilium+longiflorum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLangston_CE2002" class="citation journal cs1">Langston CE (January 2002). "Acute renal failure caused by lily ingestion in six cats". <i>J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc</i>. <b>220</b> (1): 49–52, 36. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2460%2Fjavma.2002.220.49">10.2460/javma.2002.220.49</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12680447">12680447</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=J.+Am.+Vet.+Med.+Assoc.&rft.atitle=Acute+renal+failure+caused+by+lily+ingestion+in+six+cats&rft.volume=220&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=49-52%2C+36&rft.date=2002-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2460%2Fjavma.2002.220.49&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12680447&rft.au=Langston+CE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALilium+longiflorum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHall_J1992" class="citation journal cs1">Hall J (1992). "Nephrotoxicity of Easter Lily (<i>Lilium longiflorum</i>) when ingested by the cat". <i>Proc Annu Meet Am Vet Int Med</i>. <b>6</b>: 121.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proc+Annu+Meet+Am+Vet+Int+Med&rft.atitle=Nephrotoxicity+of+Easter+Lily+%28Lilium+longiflorum%29+when+ingested+by+the+cat&rft.volume=6&rft.pages=121&rft.date=1992&rft.au=Hall+J&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALilium+longiflorum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVolmer_P1999" class="citation journal cs1">Volmer P (April 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aspcapro.org/mydocuments/p-toxbrief_0499.pdf">"Easter lily toxicosis in cats"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Vet Med</i>: 331.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vet+Med&rft.atitle=Easter+lily+toxicosis+in+cats&rft.pages=331&rft.date=1999-04&rft.au=Volmer+P&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aspcapro.org%2Fmydocuments%2Fp-toxbrief_0499.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALilium+longiflorum" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged December 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20131020212158/http://www.vethelpdirect.com/vetblog/2010/05/02/lily-poisoning-in-cats/">"Lily poisoning in cats – Vet Help Direct Blog"</a>. 2 May 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vethelpdirect.com/vetblog/2010/05/02/lily-poisoning-in-cats/">the original</a> on October 20, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lily+poisoning+in+cats+%E2%80%93+Vet+Help+Direct+Blog&rft.date=2010-05-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vethelpdirect.com%2Fvetblog%2F2010%2F05%2F02%2Flily-poisoning-in-cats%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALilium+longiflorum" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Terasawa M, Shinohara A, Hotta Y, Ogawa H, Ogawa T. Localization of RecA-like recombination proteins on chromosomes of the lily at various meiotic stages. Genes Dev. 1995 Apr 15;9(8):925-34. doi: 10.1101/gad.9.8.925. PMID 7774810</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anderson LK, Offenberg HH, Verkuijlen WM, Heyting C. RecA-like proteins are components of early meiotic nodules in lily. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Jun 24;94(13):6868-73. doi: 10.1073/pnas.94.13.6868. PMID 11038554; PMCID: PMC21251</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lilium_longiflorum&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVidaliHepler1997" class="citation journal cs1">Vidali, Luis; Hepler, Peter K. (1997). "Characterization and localization of profilin in pollen grains and tubes of <i>Lilium longiflorum</i>". <i>Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton</i>. <b>36</b> (4): 323–338. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291097-0169%281997%2936%3A4%3C323%3A%3AAID-CM3%3E3.0.CO%3B2-6">10.1002/(SICI)1097-0169(1997)36:4<323::AID-CM3>3.0.CO;2-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0886-1544">0886-1544</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9096955">9096955</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cell+Motility+and+the+Cytoskeleton&rft.atitle=Characterization+and+localization+of+profilin+in+pollen+grains+and+tubes+of+Lilium+longiflorum&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=323-338&rft.date=1997&rft.issn=0886-1544&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9096955&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F%28SICI%291097-0169%281997%2936%3A4%3C323%3A%3AAID-CM3%3E3.0.CO%3B2-6&rft.aulast=Vidali&rft.aufirst=Luis&rft.au=Hepler%2C+Peter+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALilium+longiflorum" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolm1977" class="citation journal cs1">Holm, Preben Bach (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02906489">"Three-dimensional reconstruction of chromosome pairing during the zygotene stage of meiosis in <i>Lilium longiflorum</i> (thunb.)"</a>. <i>Carlsberg Research Communications</i>. <b>42</b> (2): 103–151. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02906489">10.1007/BF02906489</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0105-1938">0105-1938</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carlsberg+Research+Communications&rft.atitle=Three-dimensional+reconstruction+of+chromosome+pairing+during+the+zygotene+stage+of+meiosis+in+Lilium+longiflorum+%28thunb.%29&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=103-151&rft.date=1977&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF02906489&rft.issn=0105-1938&rft.aulast=Holm&rft.aufirst=Preben+Bach&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%252FBF02906489&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALilium+longiflorum" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReissHerth1979" class="citation journal cs1">Reiss, Hans-Dieter; Herth, Werner (1979). "Calcium ionophore A 23187 affects localized wall secretion in the tip region of pollen tubes of <i>Lilium longiflorum</i>". <i>Planta</i>. <b>145</b> (3): 225–232. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00454445">10.1007/BF00454445</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0032-0935">0032-0935</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24317727">24317727</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:24097777">24097777</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Planta&rft.atitle=Calcium+ionophore+A+23187+affects+localized+wall+secretion+in+the+tip+region+of+pollen+tubes+of+Lilium+longiflorum&rft.volume=145&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=225-232&rft.date=1979&rft.issn=0032-0935&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A24097777%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24317727&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF00454445&rft.aulast=Reiss&rft.aufirst=Hans-Dieter&rft.au=Herth%2C+Werner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALilium+longiflorum" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lilium_longiflorum&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lilium_longiflorum" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Lilium longiflorum">Lilium longiflorum</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.the-genus-lilium.com/longiflorum.htm">www.the-genus-lilium: <i>Lilium longiflorum</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=240001418"><i>Lilium 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href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Lilium longiflorum</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q311206" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q311206">Q311206</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Lilium_longiflorum" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Lilium longiflorum">Lilium longiflorum</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">AoFP: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://florida.plantatlas.usf.edu/Plant.aspx?id=484">484</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">APA: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://floraofalabama.org/Plant.aspx?id=4482">4482</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id100250">100250</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=430092">430092</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/6PYH8">6PYH8</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/1002644">1002644</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/LILLO">LILLO</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_North_America" title="Flora of North America">FNA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200027725">200027725</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2753336">2753336</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=22176">22176</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/223669">223669</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/537642-1">537642-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10204514">10204514</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=503456">503456</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Botanical_Garden" title="Missouri Botanical Garden">MoBotPF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=281896">281896</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/NatureServe" title="NatureServe">NatureServe</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.132341/">2.132341</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=4690">4690</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/a78d1906-6061-4de0-9255-d7a090aa0cac">a78d1906-6061-4de0-9255-d7a090aa0cac</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=592248">592248</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/The_Plant_List" title="The Plant List">Plant List</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-280023">kew-280023</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service#Plants" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">PLANTS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/LILO3">LILO3</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A537642-1">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:537642-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/18400675">18400675</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-0000678941">wfo-0000678941</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lilium_longiflorum&oldid=1243377154">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lilium_longiflorum&oldid=1243377154</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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