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vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cuprins</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Început</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Echipamentul" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Echipamentul"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Echipamentul</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Echipamentul-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tehnicile_de_luptă" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tehnicile_de_luptă"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Tehnicile de luptă</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tehnicile_de_luptă-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rikishi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rikishi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Rikishi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rikishi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Meciurile" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Meciurile"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Meciurile</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Meciurile-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arbitrul" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arbitrul"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Arbitrul</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Arbitrul-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clasele_inferioare" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clasele_inferioare"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Clasele inferioare</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clasele_inferioare-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clasele_superioare_(sekitori)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clasele_superioare_(sekitori)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Clasele superioare (sekitori)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clasele_superioare_(sekitori)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turneele_oficiale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turneele_oficiale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Turneele oficiale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turneele_oficiale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scandaluri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scandaluri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Scandaluri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scandaluri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Galerie_de_imagini" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Galerie_de_imagini"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Galerie de imagini</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Galerie_de_imagini-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Bibliografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Legături externe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sumo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 90 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-90" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">90 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88" title="سومو – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سومو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sumo" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sumo" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Сумо – bașkiră" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Сумо" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bașkiră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Сумо – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сумо" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Сумо – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Сумо" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B" title="সুমো – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সুমো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B4%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%A6%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82" title="སུ་མོ་སྦེ་ག – tibetană" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="སུ་མོ་སྦེ་ག" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Sumo" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumo_hrvanje" title="Sumo hrvanje – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Sumo hrvanje" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sumo" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sum%C3%B3" title="Sumó – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Sumó" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sumo" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="articol bun"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sum%C5%8D" title="Sumō – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sumō" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%BF%CF%8D%CE%BC%CE%BF" title="Σούμο – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σούμο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Sumo" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumoo" title="Sumoo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sumoo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sumo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Sumo" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Sumo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85%D9%88" title="سومو – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سومو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sumo" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumo-gl%C3%ADming" title="Sumo-glíming – feroeză" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Sumo-glíming" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sumo" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Sumo" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BBmo" title="Sûmo – frizonă occidentală" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sûmo" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frizonă occidentală" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BAm%C3%B3" title="Súmó – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Súmó" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo – gaelică scoțiană" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Sumo" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelică scoțiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sumo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%95" title="סומו – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סומו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B" title="सूमो – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सूमो" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumo_hrvanje" title="Sumo hrvanje – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Sumo hrvanje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szum%C3%B3" title="Szumó – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szumó" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D5%B8" title="Սումո – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սումո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4%D6%85_(%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF)" title="Սումօ (մարտարուեստ) – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Սումօ (մարտարուեստ)" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Sumo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sumo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumo_(luktado)" title="Sumo (luktado) – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Sumo (luktado)" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sumo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E6%92%B2" title="相撲 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="相撲" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo – javaneză" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Sumo" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D" title="სუმო – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სუმო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Сумо – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сумо" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8A%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%BC" title="ស៊ូម៉ូ – khmeră" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ស៊ូម៉ូ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8B" title="ಸುಮೋ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸುಮೋ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%A4%EB%AA%A8" title="스모 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="스모" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Сумо – kârgâză" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Сумо" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kârgâză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumo_(colluctatio)" title="Sumo (colluctatio) – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Sumo (colluctatio)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sumo" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sumo" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B_%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF" title="സുമോ ഗുസ്തി – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സുമോ ഗുസ്തി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D2%AF%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Сүмо – mongolă" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Сүмо" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B" title="सुमो – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सुमो" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sumo" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%86%E1%80%B0%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF" title="ဆူမို – birmană" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဆူမို" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B" title="सुमो – nepaleză" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सुमो" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sumo" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumobryting" title="Sumobryting – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sumobryting" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sumo" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Sumo" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sumo" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Сумо – osetă" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Сумо" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osetă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sumo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Sumo" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sum%C3%B4" title="Sumô – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sumô" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Сумо – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сумо" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo – sardiniană" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Sumo" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardiniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo – siciliană" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Sumo" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Sumo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Sumo" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Sumo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Sumo" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Сумо – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Сумо" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Sumo" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Sumo" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8B_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="சுமோ மற்போர் – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="சுமோ மற்போர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B_%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A7%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="సుమో యోధులు – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="సుమో యోధులు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88" title="ซูโม่ – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ซูโม่" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sumo" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%87%D9%85%D9%88" title="سۇمو – uigură" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="سۇمو" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigură" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Сумо – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сумо" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Sumo" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sumo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sum%C3%B4" title="Sumô – valonă" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Sumô" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumo" title="Sumo – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sumo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E6%89%91" title="相扑 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="相扑" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D" title="სუმო – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სუმო" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E6%92%B2" title="相撲 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="相撲" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siong-phok" title="Siong-phok – chineză min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Siong-phok" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="chineză min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E6%92%B2" title="相撲 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="相撲" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q40561#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Spații de nume"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sumo" title="Vedeți conținutul paginii [a]" accesskey="a"><span>Articol</span></a></li><li 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vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sumo"><span>Lectură</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumo&veaction=edit" title="Modificați această pagină cu EditorulVizual [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificare</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumo&action=edit" title="Modificați codul sursă al acestei pagini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificare sursă</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumo&action=history"><span>Istoric</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Citeaz%C4%83&page=Sumo&id=16897321&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informații cu privire la modul de citare a acestei pagini"><span>Citează acest articol</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSumo"><span>Obține URL scurtat</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fro.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSumo"><span>Descărcați codul QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tipărire/exportare </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Carte&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Sumo"><span>Creare carte</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Sumo&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descărcare ca PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumo&printable=yes" title="Versiunea de tipărit a acestei pagini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versiune de tipărit</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> În alte proiecte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sumo" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q40561" 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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspect</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Wikipedia, enciclopedia liberă</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Asashoryu_fight_Jan08.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Asashoryu_fight_Jan08.JPG/300px-Asashoryu_fight_Jan08.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Asashoryu_fight_Jan08.JPG/450px-Asashoryu_fight_Jan08.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Asashoryu_fight_Jan08.JPG/600px-Asashoryu_fight_Jan08.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1046" data-file-height="861" /></a><figcaption>Yokozuna <b>Asashōryū</b> (cu fața înspre noi) în luptă cu <b>Kotoshogiku</b></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Sumo</b> este o formă de luptă japoneză pe un ring special, în care este declarat învins adversarul care cade primul pe podea, atinge podeaua cu orice parte a corpului în afară de tălpi sau scoate în afara ringului unul ori ambele picioare. Sumo <span class="AFI nowrap" title="Notație în Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">[sɯmoː]</span> (în <a href="/wiki/Limba_japonez%C4%83" title="Limba japoneză">japoneză</a> 相撲) este considerat de către mulți ca fiind sportul național al <a href="/wiki/Japonia" title="Japonia">Japoniei</a>, având multe elemente rituale care își au originea în religia <a href="/wiki/%C8%98intoism" title="Șintoism">shinto</a>. </p><p>Cu toate că are o vechime de peste 2000 de ani, a devenit sport profesionist abia în prima parte a <a href="/wiki/Cronologia_Erei_Edo" class="mw-redirect" title="Cronologia Erei Edo">perioadei Edo</a> (1603-1868). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Echipamentul">Echipamentul</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumo&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Echipamentul" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumo&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Echipamentul"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Luptătorii, numiți <i>rikishi</i>, nu poartă alt echipament decât o centură de mătase- numită <i>mawashi</i>, care este înfășurată în mod repetat în jurul brâului, trecută printre picioare și legată cu un nod la spate. Nu există reguli referitoare la felul în care trebuie să fie înfășurată centura: unii <i>rikishi</i> preferă să o înfășoare strâns de tot și să o ude cu puțină <a href="/wiki/Ap%C4%83" title="Apă">apă</a>, iar alții, din contră, preferă să o lege mai liber. În turnee, dar nu și la antrenamente, sub centură este prins un fel de șorț- numit <i>sagari</i>- făcut din sfori (moi la luptătorii din categoriile inferioare, și întărite prin scrobire la cei din cele două categorii superioare, <i>juryō</i> și <i>makuuchi</i>). La antrenamente se folosesc centuri confecționate din bumbac. </p><p>Dacă i se întâmplă cumva unui <i>rikishi</i> să i se desfacă centura complet în timpul unui meci (și astfel să rămână gol-pușcă)- lucru rar, dar care s-a întâmplat de exemplu lui <i>Asanokiri</i> în <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a>- luptătorul este descalificat în mod automat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tehnicile_de_luptă"><span id="Tehnicile_de_lupt.C4.83"></span>Tehnicile de luptă</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumo&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Tehnicile de luptă" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumo&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Tehnicile de luptă"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Sumo_ceremony.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Sumo_ceremony.jpg/330px-Sumo_ceremony.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Sumo_ceremony.jpg/500px-Sumo_ceremony.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Sumo_ceremony.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375" /></a><figcaption>Ceremonie la începutul meciurilor</figcaption></figure> <p>Multe dintre tehnicile de luptă sunt legate de încercarea de a prinde centura adversarului cu una sau cu ambele mâini, în același timp încercând să-l blochezi ca să nu-ți prindă centura proprie. Luptătorul care a prins bine centura adversarului cu ambele mâini, și care de exemplu cu capul înfipt în pieptul adversarului îl împiedică de a prinde centura adversarului, are un avantaj mare de a câștiga meciul. </p><p>Asociația japoneză de sumo (<i>Nihon Sumō Kyōkai</i>) are înregistrate 70 de tehnici prin care se poate câștiga, constând din tot feluri de împingeri, ridicări, îmbrâncituri, apăsări la pământ, piedici etc. 48 dintre acestea fiind tehnici „clasice”. Doar cam jumătate sunt folosite în mod curent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rikishi">Rikishi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumo&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Rikishi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumo&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Rikishi"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Luptătorii încep sportul ca profesioniști între vârsta de 15 ani (adică după terminarea învățământului obligatoriu în Japonia) și 23 de ani (vârsta maximă), când se alătură unui club, numit <i>heya</i>. În <a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a> erau aproximativ 680 de <i>rikishi</i>. Cluburile mari au cam 30 de <i>rikishi</i>, iar cele mai mici doar câte unu.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Există înălțime și greutate minimă pentru cei care doresc să devină luptători profesioniști. În 2010, înălțimea minimă era de 173 cm, iar greutatea minimă de 75 kg. Ca o excepție, cei care au peste 167 cm și peste 67 de kg pot fi și ei acceptați dacă trec un test fizic.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Au existat cel puțin un caz când pentru a atinge înălțimea minimă, o persoană a avut o operație prin care și-a implantat silicon sub peilea din creștetul capului (este vorba de <i>rikishi</i>-ul <i>Mainoumi</i>). Viața de <i>rikishi</i> este foarte regimentată, cu reguli stricte (decise de asociația de sumo) referitoare la antrenamente, comportament etc. De exemplu, nu au voie să-și taie părul, iar începând cu 1985 (când rikishi-ul <i>Mitoizumi</i> a cauzat un accident de circulație) nu au voie să conducă mașină.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nu există categorii de greutate, deci încercarea de a se îngrășa este una din "obligațiile" luptătorului. Mâncarea tipică este așa-numita <i>chankonabe</i>, un fel de supă cu tot felul de zarzavaturi și carne. <i>Rikishi</i> mănâncă doar de două ori pe zi, dar în cantități imense. După masa de prânz, somnul este obligatoriu.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Chankonabe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Chankonabe.jpg/250px-Chankonabe.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Chankonabe.jpg/500px-Chankonabe.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Supă <i>chankonabe</i></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Meciurile">Meciurile</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumo&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Meciurile" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumo&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Meciurile"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Dohyo_all.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Dohyo_all.png/250px-Dohyo_all.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Dohyo_all.png/500px-Dohyo_all.png 1.5x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Dohyō-ul</figcaption></figure> <p>Se luptă 1 contra 1 într-un cerc marcat cu sfori groase din paie de <a href="/wiki/Orez" title="Orez">orez</a> pe o platformă de lut întărit -numită <i>dohyō</i>, iar scopul este ca să faci ca oponentul să iasă din cerc, sau să atingă suprafața cercului cu oricare altă parte a corpului decât cu tălpile picioarelor (chiar și cu o șuviță de păr). </p><p>Înainte de lupta propriu-zisă, luptătorii au cel mult 4 minute la dispoziție pentru „încălzire”, timp în care se așază pe vine, aruncă sare în aer (ca semn de purificare), ridică câte-un picior sus în aer și îl lasă jos în mod exagerat (ca și cum ar calca în picioare dușmanul) etc. Acest timp de pregătire este direct proporțional cu rangul: cu cât rangul este mai înalt, cu atât au mai mult timp de pregătire. Meciul începe după ce ambii <i>rikishi</i> au atins simultan <i>dohyō</i>-ul cu ambii pumni. </p><p>Majoritatea meciurilor se termină în mai puțin de un minut.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arbitrul">Arbitrul</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumo&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Arbitrul" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumo&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Arbitrul"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Gyouji.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Gyouji.png/250px-Gyouji.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/Gyouji.png 1.5x" data-file-width="345" data-file-height="460" /></a><figcaption>Costumul arbitrului</figcaption></figure> <p>Arbitrul este numit <i>gyōji</i>, care este îmbrăcat în costum purtat de nobilii de la Curtea Imperială în secolul al XIV-lea.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clasele_inferioare">Clasele inferioare</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumo&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifică secțiunea: Clasele inferioare" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumo&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Clasele inferioare"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Rikishi</i> sunt organizați într-un fel de piramidă: în clasele inferioare (<i>jonokuchi</i>- clasa cea mai de jos, <i>jonidan</i>, <i>sandanme</i> și <i>makushita</i>) sunt cei mai mulți <i>rikishi</i>. Pentru a putea intra în cea mai joasă clasă, <i>jonidan</i>, trebuie să fi participat cel puțin la un meci în categoria <i>maezumō</i> (care înseamnă "înainte de sumō"). În turnee, acești luptători au meciuri în 7 din cele 15 zile ale turneului. Dacă au 4 sau mai multe câștiguri (lucru care se numește <i>kachikoshi</i>) au șanse de a fi promovați în clasa următoare. Pierderea a 4 sau mai multe meciuri se numește <i>makekoshi</i> și luptătorul riscă să fie degradat. Cei din clasele inferioare trăiesc din alocații primite de la antrenorul principal (numit <i>oyakata</i>), sponsori și de la <i>Asociația japoneză de sumo</i>. Banii de buzunar pentru <i>rikishi</i> de clasa inferioară sunt cam 350 de <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euro</a> pe lună. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clasele_superioare_(sekitori)"><span id="Clasele_superioare_.28sekitori.29"></span>Clasele superioare (sekitori)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumo&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifică secțiunea: Clasele superioare (sekitori)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumo&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Clasele superioare (sekitori)"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>În clasa <i>makuuchi</i> (cel mai înalt nivel) există următoarele ranguri (în ordinea importanței): <i>yokozuna</i>- de est (mai important) și de vest, <i>ōzeki</i>, <i>sekiwake</i>, <i>komusubi</i> și <i>maegashira</i> (aceștia din urmă au și numere, de exemplu, 'maegashira 8'). Apoi este clasa <i>jūryō</i> (al doilea cel mai înalt nivel, unde toți <i>rikishi</i> au doar numere, de exemplu <i>jūryō 5</i>). Începând cu <i>Jūryō</i>, <i>rikishi</i> primesc un salariu. Salariul lunar al unui <i>yokozuna</i> este de 2,82 milioane de yeni (ca. 25.500 de euro la rata de schimb din iulie 2010), cel al unui <i>ōzeki</i> de 2,347 milioane yeni, <i>sekiwake</i>, și <i>komusubi</i> 1,693 milioane yeni, <i>maegashira</i> 1,309 milioane yeni, iar cel al unui <i>rikishi</i> din clasa <i>jūryō</i> de 1,036 milioane de yeni (ca. 9.400 de euro).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Luptătorii din clasele <i>makuuchi</i> și <i>jūryō</i> se numesc <i>sekitori</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Turneele_oficiale">Turneele oficiale</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumo&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifică secțiunea: Turneele oficiale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumo&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Turneele oficiale"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Ryogoku_Kokugikan_Tsuriyane_05212006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ryogoku_Kokugikan_Tsuriyane_05212006.jpg/250px-Ryogoku_Kokugikan_Tsuriyane_05212006.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Ryogoku_Kokugikan_Tsuriyane_05212006.jpg/500px-Ryogoku_Kokugikan_Tsuriyane_05212006.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1555" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption>Sala Ryōgoku din Tokio în timpul unui turneu <i>honbasho</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Se numesc <i>honbashō</i> și au loc de 6 ori pe an (3 la <a href="/wiki/Tokio" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokio">Tokio</a>, și câte unul la <a href="/wiki/Osaka" title="Osaka">Osaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nagoya" title="Nagoya">Nagoya</a> și <a href="/wiki/Fukuoka" title="Fukuoka">Fukuoka</a>), câte 15 zile fiecare, din două în două luni, primul turne al anului fiind în <a href="/wiki/Ianuarie" title="Ianuarie">ianuarie</a>. Între aceste turnee oficiale, <i>rikishi</i> călătoresc în provincii (uneori chiar și în străinătate) pentru popularizarea sportului. Aceste turnee sunt neoficiale, și deci nu contează pentru rangul unui <i>rikishi</i>. </p><p>Câștigarea unui <i>honbashō</i> se plătește cu 10 milioane de <a href="/wiki/Yen" title="Yen">yeni</a> (approx. 86 000 euro, la rata de schimb februarie <a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a>). </p><p>Femeile nu au voie să se urce pe <i>dohyō</i>, deoarece în conformitate cu religia shinto nu sunt „curate”.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De aceea la sfârșitul unui turneu oficial, premiile- care sunt decernate pe <i>dohyō</i>- sunt întotdeauna prezentate de bărbați. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Scandaluri">Scandaluri</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumo&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifică secțiunea: Scandaluri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumo&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Scandaluri"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>În <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a>, trei <i>rikishi</i> (toți ruși) au fost dați afară din asociație deoarece au fumat <a href="/wiki/Marijuana" title="Marijuana">marijuana</a>. În 2009, un alt <i>rikishi</i> (<i>Wakakirin</i>, japonez) a fost dat afară din același motiv. Asociația japoneză de sumo a rămas la fel de dură și în 2021, dându-l afară pe Takagenji pentru folosirea de cannabis.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>În <a href="/wiki/2007" title="2007">2007</a> un tânăr <i>rikishi</i> a fost omorât în bătaie de alți <i>rikishi</i> mai în vârstă pentru că acesta își exprimase dorința de a părăsi clubul și a se retrage din sumo. <i>Rikishi</i> sunt deseori loviți de câtre antrenorul principal cu un fel de sabie de <a href="/wiki/Bambus" title="Bambus">bambus</a>, numită <i>shinai</i>, în timpul antrenamentelor, pentru "întârirea spirituală".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Astfel de practici violente se numesc <i>kawaigari</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mai mulți <i>rikishi</i> care s-au retras din sport au susținut că există blaturi la unele turnee. În februarie 2011 poliția a descoperit că unii luptători (și cel puțin un antrenor) au fost implicați în cumpărarea/vânzarea unor victorii.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ca urmare turneul din martie 2011 a fost anulat, lucru care nu s-a mai întâmplat din 1946, când un turneu a fost anulat deoarece sala Ryōgoku era în renovare.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Galerie_de_imagini">Galerie de imagini</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumo&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifică secțiunea: Galerie de imagini" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumo&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Galerie de imagini"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Sumo_May09_Tochinoshin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Genuflexiune, poziție inițială, cu călcâile în sus."><img alt="Genuflexiune, poziție inițială, cu călcâile în sus." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Sumo_May09_Tochinoshin.jpg/120px-Sumo_May09_Tochinoshin.jpg" decoding="async" width="87" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Sumo_May09_Tochinoshin.jpg/250px-Sumo_May09_Tochinoshin.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1166" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Genuflexiune" title="Genuflexiune">Genuflexiune</a>, poziție inițială, cu călcâile în sus.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Sumo-Japan.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Poziție semi-așezat, înainte de încăierare."><img alt="Poziție semi-așezat, înainte de încăierare." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Sumo-Japan.jpg/120px-Sumo-Japan.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Sumo-Japan.jpg/250px-Sumo-Japan.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Poziție semi-așezat, înainte de încăierare.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografie">Bibliografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumo&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifică secțiunea: Bibliografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumo&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografie"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Bairingaru Nihon Jiten, Kodansha International, 2003</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumo&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumo&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Daily Yomiuri, 4 febr. 2009, p.3</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/20120717170737/search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20100216i1.html">Steeped in tradition, Shinto, sumo is also scandal-stained | The Japan Times Online</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140826162105/http://uk.reuters.com/article/2007/05/08/oukoe-uk-sumo-ban-idUKT23847920070508">Sumo-Mongolian sumo wrestler banned for car crash</a>, engleză</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090706031006/http://home.att.ne.jp/red/sumo/sw/sumonews_0798.html">„Sumo News”</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://home.att.ne.jp/red/sumo/sw/sumonews_0798.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2009-07-06">6 iulie 2009</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2009-07-02">2 iulie 2009</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sumo+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhome.att.ne.jp%2Fred%2Fsumo%2Fsw%2Fsumonews_0798.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ASumo" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lonelyplanet.com/articles/tokyos-sumo-wrestling-scene">„Tokyo's sumo scene: tradition, tournaments and hearty hotpots”</a>. <i>lonelyplanet.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Accesat în <time datetime="2023-02-11">11 februarie 2023</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fundforeducationabroad.org&rft.atitle=What+I+Wish+I+Knew+Before+I+Went+to+a+Sumo+Match&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffundforeducationabroad.org%2Fjournals%2Fsumo-and-shinto%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ASumo" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110206033921/http://mdn.mainichi.jp/mdnnews/news/20110204p2a00m0na019000c.html"><i>News Navigator: How much do sumo wrestlers get paid? - The Mainichi Daily News</i></a>, web.archive.org, arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mdn.mainichi.jp/mdnnews/news/20110204p2a00m0na019000c.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2011-02-06">6 februarie 2011</time><span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2014-01-21">21 ianuarie 2014</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=News+Navigator%3A+How+much+do+sumo+wrestlers+get+paid%3F+-+The+Mainichi+Daily+News&rft.pub=web.archive.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmdn.mainichi.jp%2Fmdnnews%2Fnews%2F20110204p2a00m0na019000c.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ASumo" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://guess.ro/de-ce-nu-exista-femei-sumo/">„De ce nu există femei în sumo?”</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2023-02-11">11 februarie 2023</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=De+ce+nu+exist%C4%83+femei+%C3%AEn+sumo%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fguess.ro%2Fde-ce-nu-exista-femei-sumo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ASumo" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210720133718/https://www.nippon.com/en/news/yjj2021072000698/">„Sumo Wrestler Found Using Cannabis”</a> (în engleză). nippon.com. <time datetime="2021-07-20">20 iulie 2021</time>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nippon.com/en/news/yjj2021072000698/">original</a> la <time datetime="2021-07-20">20 iulie 2021</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2021-09-30">30 septembrie 2021</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sumo+Wrestler+Found+Using+Cannabis&rft.pub=nippon.com&rft.date=2021-07-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nippon.com%2Fen%2Fnews%2Fyjj2021072000698%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ASumo" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Hall, Mina (1997). The Big Book of Sumo: History, Practice, Ritual, Fight. Stone Bridge Press. <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/1880656280" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-880656-28-0</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFOnishi2007" class="citation">Onishi, Norimitsu (<time datetime="2007-10-18">18 octombrie 2007</time>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/18/world/asia/18iht-tokyo.4.7947992.html">„Scandal ridden, sumo struggles to stay in the ring”</a>, <i>The New York Times</i> (în engleză), <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2021-09-30">30 septembrie 2021</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Scandal+ridden%2C+sumo+struggles+to+stay+in+the+ring&rft.date=2007-10-18&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Onishi&rft.aufirst=Norimitsu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F10%2F18%2Fworld%2Fasia%2F18iht-tokyo.4.7947992.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ASumo" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110208203257/http://mdn.mainichi.jp/mdnnews/news/20110207p2a00m0na006000c.html"><i>Sumo wrestlers' text messages suggest victories were bought and borrowed - The Mainichi Daily News</i></a>, web.archive.org, arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mdn.mainichi.jp/mdnnews/news/20110207p2a00m0na006000c.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2011-02-08">8 februarie 2011</time><span class="reference-accessdate">, accesat în <time datetime="2014-01-21">21 ianuarie 2014</time></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sumo+wrestlers%27+text+messages+suggest+victories+were+bought+and+borrowed+-+The+Mainichi+Daily+News&rft.pub=web.archive.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmdn.mainichi.jp%2Fmdnnews%2Fnews%2F20110207p2a00m0na006000c.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ASumo" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140202093031/http://jurnalul.ro/sport/sporturi/si-la-sumo-se-fac-blaturi-print-567082.html">„copie arhivă”</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www1.jurnalul.ro/sport/sporturi/si-la-sumo-se-fac-blaturi-print-567082.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2014-02-02">2 februarie 2014</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2011-02-08">8 februarie 2011</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=copie+arhiv%C4%83&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww1.jurnalul.ro%2Fsport%2Fsporturi%2Fsi-la-sumo-se-fac-blaturi-print-567082.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ASumo" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBBC_News2011" class="citation">BBC News (<time datetime="2011-02-06">6 februarie 2011</time>), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-12375649"><i>Sumo tournament cancelled amid match-fixing scandal‎</i></a> (în engleză), BBC News</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sumo+tournament+cancelled+amid+match-fixing+scandal%E2%80%8E&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft.date=2011-02-06&rft.au=BBC+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-pacific-12375649&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3ASumo" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537" /></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumo&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumo&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: 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cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>90 limbi</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Adăugare subiect</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-7d9fdf6679-54msz","wgBackendResponseTime":121,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.163","walltime":"0.256","ppvisitednodes":{"value":619,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":25777,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":0,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":7,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":6,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":33909,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 209.748 1 -total"," 35.55% 74.565 6 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