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[{"id":102674992,"identifier":"Attachment_102674992","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":102391859,"created_at":"2023-05-26T04:59:09.208-07:00","from_world_paper_id":234521663,"updated_at":"2024-11-28T04:44:49.542-08:00","_data":{"publisher":"ncjrs.gov","ai_title_tag":"Racial Disparities in Illinois' Drug Offender Transfers","grobid_abstract":"This report describes the racial impact of Illinois' practice of transferring young drug offenders to adult court. The state's Safe School Zone Act of 1986 and subsequent bills enacted by the legislature provide that youth age 15-16 years charged with drug sales within 1,000 feet of a school or public housing development are automatically prosecuted as adults. The vast majority of public housing is located in Cook County, where 74 percent of Illinois' African American juvenile population lives, and the close proximity of schools and housing projects creates a tight web of places within 1,000 feet of the safe zones. As a result, 99 percent of Cook County youth transferred to adult court for drug crimes are African American or Hispanic, though White youth in the state are just as likely, or more likely to sell and use illegal drugs. This analysis shows that Illinois' automatic transfer laws are depriving minority youth of the chances they could be afforded in the juvenile court system. It focuses on: (1) racial disparities and drug policy; (2) Illinois' automatic transfer law (legislative exclusion of nonviolent youth drug offenders from juvenile courts); (3) the impact of the automatic transfer law in Cook County; (4) the Chicago Reporter/WBEZ analysis of the situation; (5) Cook County Public Defender Juvenile Transfer Advocacy Unit data on the situation; (6) National Corrections Reporting Program data showing that 99 percent of new youth drug prison admissions in Illinois are non-White; and (7) the impact of adult incarceration on youth. (Contains 22 endnotes.) (SM) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. The Building Blocks for Youth initiative has five major components: (1) Research on the disparate impact of the justice system on minority youth, on the effects of new adult-court transfer legislation in the states, and on the privatization of juvenile justice facilities by for-profit corporations; (2) Analyses of decisionmaking at critical points in the justice system, including arrest, detention, adjudication, and disposition; (3) Direct advocacy on behalf of youth in the justice system, particularly on issues that disproportionately affect youth of color such as conditions of confinement in jails, prisons, and juvenile facilities; access to counsel and adequacy of representation in juvenile court; and \"zero tolerance\" and other issues relating to school suspensions and expulsions; (4) Constituency-building among African-American, Latino, and Native-American and other minority organizations, as well as organizations in the medical, mental health, legal, law enforcement, child welfare, civil rights, human rights, religious, victim's rights, and domestic violence areas, at the national, state, and local levels; (5) Development of communications strategies to provide timely, accurate, and relevant information to these constituencies, public officials, policymakers, the media, and the public.","publication_date":"2001,,","publication_name":"… Institute and the Building Blocks for …","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"102674992"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Drugs and disparity: The racial impact of Illinois' practice of transferring young drug offenders to adult court","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [58892684]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":102674992,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Drugs and disparity: The racial impact of Illinois' practice of transferring young drug offenders to adult court”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/102674992/mini_magick20230526-1-gl54rr.png?1685102442" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Drugs and disparity: The racial impact of Illinois' practice of transferring young drug offenders to adult court</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="58892684" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JasonZiedenberg"><img alt="Profile image of Jason Ziedenberg" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/s65_no_pic.png" />Jason Ziedenberg</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2001, … Institute and the Building Blocks for …</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">16 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 102391859; 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href="https://www.academia.edu/28715719/A_Broadened_Lens_Juvenile_Justice_Reform">A Broadened Lens: Juvenile Justice Reform</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2439238" href="https://saybrook.academia.edu/KatrinaSczesny">Katrina Sczesny</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This policy brief addresses the effectiveness of the policies currently and historically implemented within the United States for offending youth. Traditionally, society has implemented non-youth-empowering approaches, instead of individualized and trauma-informed solutions for youth offenses, thus inappropriately detaining and displacing young people, causing harmful effects to their development, and increasing the likelihood that they will become socially irresponsible adults. Building from evidence about the effectiveness of youth-led approaches, such as interventions offered by Youth Advocate Programs, the author concludes that a broader range of approaches are needed to empower offending youth within their communities, not as a problem to be dealt with, but as rich resources and opportunities to be embraced. If this approach is taken, society can more directly focus on the causes of young people’s offending behaviors and improve the public’s health and well-being.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Broadened Lens: Juvenile Justice Reform","attachmentId":49121070,"attachmentType":"docx","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/28715719/A_Broadened_Lens_Juvenile_Justice_Reform","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/28715719/A_Broadened_Lens_Juvenile_Justice_Reform"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="79073911" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/79073911/Race_Effects_in_Juvenile_Justice_Decision_Making_Findings_of_a_Statewide_Analysis">Race Effects in Juvenile Justice Decision-Making: Findings of a Statewide Analysis</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="1604307" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DonnaBishop">Donna Bishop</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-), 1996</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Race Effects in Juvenile Justice Decision-Making: Findings of a Statewide Analysis","attachmentId":85917820,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/79073911/Race_Effects_in_Juvenile_Justice_Decision_Making_Findings_of_a_Statewide_Analysis","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/79073911/Race_Effects_in_Juvenile_Justice_Decision_Making_Findings_of_a_Statewide_Analysis"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="10065637" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10065637/Racial_politics_of_juvenile_justice_policy_support">Racial politics of juvenile justice policy support</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="24507270" href="https://wustl.academia.edu/GeoffWard">Geoff Ward</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="42072543" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AaronKupchik">Aaron Kupchik</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Racial politics of juvenile justice policy support","attachmentId":36192874,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/10065637/Racial_politics_of_juvenile_justice_policy_support","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/10065637/Racial_politics_of_juvenile_justice_policy_support"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="88206789" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/88206789/Influence_of_Race_in_the_Deep_End_of_the_Juvenile_Justice_System">Influence of Race in the Deep End of the Juvenile Justice System</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="11405244" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BrycePeterson">Bryce Peterson</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Racial inequalities pervade U.S. justice systems and are the focus of a growing body of research. However, there are fewer studies on racial disparities in juvenile justice settings, particularly on decisions points at the “deep end” of the system after youth have been adjudicated delinquent. The current study examines racial disparities in length of stay, institutional misconduct, and community program placement for youth admitted to the Virginia juvenile justice system from 2012–2017. We find that black youth have significantly longer lengths of stay and more serious institutional misconduct than white youth. Controlling for legal and extralegal factors eliminates the disparity for length of stay, but it remains significant for serious institutional misconduct. In recent years, youth of all races are placed into community programs rather than traditional correctional centers at similar rates. Disparities for Hispanic youth and other races are difficult to distinguish because few a...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Influence of Race in the Deep End of the Juvenile Justice System","attachmentId":92224240,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/88206789/Influence_of_Race_in_the_Deep_End_of_the_Juvenile_Justice_System","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/88206789/Influence_of_Race_in_the_Deep_End_of_the_Juvenile_Justice_System"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":102674992,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":102674992,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_102674992" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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poverty","attachmentId":46979296,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/10993225/Juvenile_Justice_Processing_The_entangled_effects_of_race_and_urban_poverty","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/10993225/Juvenile_Justice_Processing_The_entangled_effects_of_race_and_urban_poverty"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="71010894" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71010894/New_Directions_for_Juvenile_Justice">New Directions for Juvenile Justice</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="70860329" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RichardVanDuizend">Richard Van Duizend</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">1978</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"New Directions for Juvenile Justice","attachmentId":80529145,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/71010894/New_Directions_for_Juvenile_Justice","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link 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href="https://independent.academia.edu/MaryKendrick">Mary Kendrick</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Community-Academic Collaboration to Reduce Disproportionate Minority Contact in the Juvenile Justice System","attachmentId":31769223,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4311213/A_Community_Academic_Collaboration_to_Reduce_Disproportionate_Minority_Contact_in_the_Juvenile_Justice_System","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4311213/A_Community_Academic_Collaboration_to_Reduce_Disproportionate_Minority_Contact_in_the_Juvenile_Justice_System"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="8080070" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8080070/Disproportionate_Minority_Confinement_of_Juveniles_A_National_Examination_of_Black_White_Disparity_in_Placements_1997_2006">Disproportionate Minority Confinement of Juveniles: A National Examination of Black-White Disparity in Placements; 1997-2006</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3384451" 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Pathways to Juvenile Detention Reform 8","attachmentId":102674996,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/102391864/Reducing_Racial_Disparities_in_Juvenile_Detention_Pathways_to_Juvenile_Detention_Reform_8","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/102391864/Reducing_Racial_Disparities_in_Juvenile_Detention_Pathways_to_Juvenile_Detention_Reform_8"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="18" data-entity-id="43307156" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title 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