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interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Schunck" title="Edward Schunck – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Edward Schunck" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Edward_Schunck" title="Henry Edward Schunck – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Henry Edward Schunck" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%EB%93%9C%EC%9B%8C%EB%93%9C_%EC%8A%9D%ED%81%AC" title="에드워드 슝크 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에드워드 슝크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%86%D9%83" title="ادوارد ستشونك – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ادوارد ستشونك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%A8%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Едвард Шунк – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Едвард Шунк" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5345256#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British chemist (1820–1903)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Edward Schunck</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Edward_Schunck_(engraved_portrait).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Edward_Schunck_%28engraved_portrait%29.png/220px-Edward_Schunck_%28engraved_portrait%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Edward_Schunck_%28engraved_portrait%29.png/330px-Edward_Schunck_%28engraved_portrait%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Edward_Schunck_%28engraved_portrait%29.png/440px-Edward_Schunck_%28engraved_portrait%29.png 2x" data-file-width="1620" data-file-height="2025" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1820-08-16</span>)</span>16 August 1820<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>, Lancashire, England, UK</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">13 January 1903<span style="display:none">(1903-01-13)</span> (aged 82)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Kersal" title="Kersal">Kersal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Broughton,_Salford" title="Broughton, Salford">Broughton</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Borough_of_Salford" title="County Borough of Salford">Salford</a>, Lancashire, England, UK</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">British</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Berlin" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Berlin">University of Berlin</a>, <br /> <a href="/wiki/University_of_Gie%C3%9Fen" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Gießen">University of Gießen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">work with dyes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Judith Brooke</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="1 October 1851">1851</span>)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dalton_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Dalton Medal">Dalton Medal</a> (1898)<br /><a href="/wiki/Davy_Medal" title="Davy Medal">Davy Medal</a> (1899)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisors</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_Henry_(chemist)" title="William Henry (chemist)">William Henry</a>, <br /><a href="/wiki/Justus_Liebig" class="mw-redirect" title="Justus Liebig">Justus Liebig</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Henry Edward Schunck</b> <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><a href="/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a></span></span> (16 August 1820 – 13 January 1903), also known as <b>Edward von Schunck</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a British chemist who did much work with dyes. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Schunck&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Henry Edward Schunck was born in <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>, the son of Martin Schunck, a German merchant. His grandfather was Major Johann-Carl Schunck (1745–1800).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Edward started studying chemistry in <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a> with <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_(chemist)" title="William Henry (chemist)">William Henry</a>. The young Schunck was sent to further his chemical studies to <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a> where he studied under <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Rose" title="Heinrich Rose">Heinrich Rose</a> (1795–1864) who discovered <a href="/wiki/Niobium" title="Niobium">niobium</a>, diligently analysed minerals and other inorganic substances and studied the chemistry of titanium, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony, sulphur, selenium and tellurium. Schunck also studied at Berlin under <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Gustav_Magnus" title="Heinrich Gustav Magnus">Heinrich Gustav Magnus</a> (1802–1870) who published over 80 papers on many diverse topics in chemistry and physics. After studying in Berlin he received his PhD under <a href="/wiki/Justus_Liebig" class="mw-redirect" title="Justus Liebig">Justus Liebig</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Gie%C3%9Fen" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Gießen">University of Gießen</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Work">Work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Schunck&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It was from <a href="/wiki/Gie%C3%9Fen" class="mw-redirect" title="Gießen">Gießen</a> that in 1841 he published his first research paper, in Liebig's famous journal <i>Annalen der Chemie</i>. His topic concerned the effect of nitric acid on aloes. Schunck published his results in two papers in 1841 and 1848. The reaction between the aloe and nitric acid gives among other products, aloetic acid which on further reaction is converted into <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chrysammic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chrysammic acid (page does not exist)">chrysammic acid</a>. Glover (1855) describes the preparation: "Chrysammic acid ... is obtained by steeping 1 part of aloes in 8 of nitric acid, sp. gr. 1.37, and heating the mass in a porcelain capsule until the chief part of the action is over, then distilling off in a retort two-thirds of the nitric acid ; three or four parts of nitric acid are afresh introduced into the retort, and the whole kept for two or three days at a temperature near to boiling point. After disengagement of gas has ceased, water is added to the residue, which forms a precipitate – the chrysammic acid. The mother liquid contains oxalic and chrysolipic acids, which latter appears to be picric." Schunck analysed samples of chrysammic acid, now known to be 1,8–dihydroxy–2,4,5,7–tetranitroanthraquinone, and several of its metal salts, concluding that the formula of the acid was C<sub>15</sub>H<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>O<sub>12</sub>. This is very near to the currently accepted formula of C<sub>14</sub>H<sub>4</sub>N<sub>4</sub>O<sub>12</sub> which was obtained by Mulder a few years later. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dye-producing_lichen">Dye-producing lichen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Schunck&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Dye-producing lichen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The purple from <a href="/wiki/Lichen" title="Lichen">lichens</a> was an important commercial product and came in a variety of forms, for example, <a href="/wiki/Orchil" class="mw-redirect" title="Orchil">orchil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cudbear" class="mw-redirect" title="Cudbear">cudbear</a>. By the 1830s the researches of <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Jean_Robiquet" title="Pierre Jean Robiquet">Pierre Jean Robiquet</a> (1780–1840), <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Heeren" title="Friedrich Heeren">Friedrich Heeren</a> (1803–1885), <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Dumas" title="Jean-Baptiste Dumas">Jean-Baptiste Dumas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_John_Kane" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert John Kane">Robert John Kane</a> (1809–1890) into the constituents of lichens had revealed three colour precursors: <a href="/wiki/Orcinol" title="Orcinol">orcinol</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Erythrin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erythrin (page does not exist)">erythrin</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseudoerythrin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pseudoerythrin (page does not exist)">pseudoerythrin</a>, but their constitution was not precisely known. Liebig encouraged Schunck to reinvestigate the subject using dye-producing lichens that grow on the basalt rocks of the <a href="/wiki/Vogelsberg_Mountains" class="mw-redirect" title="Vogelsberg Mountains">Vogelsberg</a> in Upper Hessia. In 1842, he discovered a new compound which he called <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lecanorin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lecanorin (page does not exist)">lecanorin</a>. His interpretation of the analyses of lecanorin (now called <a href="/wiki/Lecanoric_acid" title="Lecanoric acid">lecanoric acid</a>) went astray because he used an incorrect formula for orcinol and because his lecanoric acid had partially hydrolysed to give <a href="/wiki/Orsellinic_acid" title="Orsellinic acid">orsellinic acid</a> leading to an incorrect result. The true story was unravelled by Stenhouse some years later. Later he discovered, in addition to lecanoric acid, another new compound, <a href="/wiki/Parellic_acid" class="mw-redirect" title="Parellic acid">parellic acid</a> from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lecanora_parella&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lecanora parella (page does not exist)">Lecanora parella</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_Britain;_work_on_madder"><span id="In_Britain.3B_work_on_madder"></span>In Britain; work on madder</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Schunck&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In Britain; work on madder"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1842, he came back to <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">Britain</a> and started a career in the chemical industry. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Rose_madder" title="Rose madder">Madder</a> was an important dye and imports into the UK were valued at £1.25 million per year in the 1860s. Schunck started his extensive investigations into the colouring materials in madder in 1846. The main colorant of madder was discovered by Robiquet and Colin in 1827 and called alizarin. Their analysis gave a formula C<sub>37</sub>H<sub>48</sub>O<sub>10</sub>. When purified by Schunck using sublimation and crystallisation, he obtained a result which suggested C<sub>14</sub>H<sub>8</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, but taking into account the analyses of metal derivatives as well, he chose C<sub>14</sub>H<sub>10</sub>O<sub>4</sub> as the best result. The modern formula is C<sub>14</sub>H<sub>8</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. He found that oxidation of alizarin with nitric acid gave alizaric acid (<a href="/wiki/Phthalic_acid" title="Phthalic acid">phthalic acid</a>) which on heating gave pyroalizaric acid (<a href="/wiki/Phthalic_anhydride" title="Phthalic anhydride">phthalic anhydride</a>). This led to the suggestion that alizarin was a derivative of naphthalene, a C10 hydrocarbon, although Schunck pointed out that this did not explain the reactions of alizarin. He was vindicated when Graebe and Liebermann (1868) distilled alizarin with zinc dust to give <a href="/wiki/Anthracene" title="Anthracene">anthracene</a>, a C<sub>14</sub> hydrocarbon, and subsequently (1869) synthesised <a href="/wiki/Alizarin" title="Alizarin">alizarin</a> from <a href="/wiki/Anthraquinone" title="Anthraquinone">anthraquinone</a>. </p><p>Schunck showed that alizarin was not the major colour precursor component of fresh madder root, but it was a yellow, bitter, water-soluble component, which he called rubian. Rubian was obtained from the water extract of madder root by adding bone–charcoal and extracting the bone–charcoal with <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">ethanol</a>. Rubian was an uncrystallisable gum, hydrolysable by acids or an enzyme contained in the madder root to give alizarin and a sugar. Rubian was actually a mixture of glycosides of di and trihydroxy anthraquinones of which a major component was ruberythric acid which is an alizarin 2–b–primeveroside. Many other "compounds" derived from the hydrolysis of rubian were described and enthusiastically named by Schunck: rubiretin, verantin, rubiacin, <a href="/wiki/Rubiadin" title="Rubiadin">rubiadin</a>, rubiapin, rubiafin and others, but some of these are most likely to be impure alizarin, and best forgotten. Some of Schunck's original samples were examined in 1975 by Wilfrid Farrar. Rubiadin was shown to be 1,3–dihydroxy–2–methyl anthraquinone, which Schunck assigned as the 4–methyl isomer. Rubiacine was identical to nordamnacanthal (1,3–dihydroxyanthraquinone–2–aldehyde) and rubianine was an unusual C–glucoside of unknown constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Work_on_indigo">Work on indigo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Schunck&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Work on indigo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1855, Schunck turned his attention to the subject of <a href="/wiki/Indigo" title="Indigo">indigo</a>, preferring the name indigo-blue to the alternative name, Indigotine. He grew <a href="/wiki/Woad" class="mw-redirect" title="Woad">woad</a> from "good French woad seed", extracted the dye precursor with cold ethanol and after further processing obtained a brown syrup which he called "<a href="/wiki/Indican" title="Indican">indican</a>". "Indican" was quite unstable and resisted further purification. Later he also investigated Polygonum tinctorium and believed that it contained the same "indican". Only in the early years of the 20th century was it shown that Schunck's "indican" from woad was not the same as the indican from tropical indigo plants and <a href="/wiki/Polygonum_tinctorium" class="mw-redirect" title="Polygonum tinctorium">Polygonum tinctorium</a>, and it was renamed isatan, which was even later shown to be a mixture of isatan A, B and C. </p><p>The presence of indigo in urine has long been the subject of much curiosity and Schunck tried in 1857 to show that "indican" was the origin. Believing that the occurrence of indigo was more common than generally supposed at the time, he examined the urine of 40 individuals, all apparently healthy, with ages between 7 and 55 years, mostly of the working class. In all but one case the result was positive. The largest amount of indigo was obtained from a man above the age of 50, a <a href="/wiki/Public_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Public house">publican</a> by trade. In his own case, the amount "varied most capriciously from a tolerable quantity to a mere trace". He thought this variation might be due to different kinds of diet, but after many experiments, found only one which worked: "I took on the next night, before going to bed, a mixture of treacle and arrowroot boiled with water in as large a quantity as the stomach could bear, and the effect was that the urine of the following night gave a large quantity of indigo-blue". The indigo precursor in urine turns out not to be indican, although it was called medical indican at the time, but indoxyl sulfate or gluconurate.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Schunck&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>His married Judith H. Brooke in 1851 and was survived by his four children. Before retiring early he was in business as a <a href="/wiki/Calico_(textile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Calico (textile)">calico</a> printer. He was for some years president of the <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Literary_and_Philosophical_Society" title="Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society">Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society</a> and was honoured by the Society, and also by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Chemical_Industry" title="Society of Chemical Industry">Society of Chemical Industry</a>, of which he was President from 1896-7.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Schunck&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Schunk_Building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Schunk_Building.jpg/220px-Schunk_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Schunk_Building.jpg/330px-Schunk_Building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Schunk_Building.jpg/440px-Schunk_Building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Schunck Building, University of Manchester</figcaption></figure> <p>Schunck built a private laboratory in the grounds of his home, "The Oaklands", in <a href="/wiki/Kersal" title="Kersal">Kersal</a>, which together with his library and collection of specimens were bequeathed to the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_University_of_Manchester" title="Victoria University of Manchester">Victoria University of Manchester</a>. He also donated £20,333 to the University for chemical research.<sup id="cite_ref-MMSI_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MMSI-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The laboratory was removed from Kersal in 1904 and re-erected in Burlington Street next to other laboratories of the university. It is no longer used as a laboratory and is <a href="/wiki/Grade_II_listed" class="mw-redirect" title="Grade II listed">Grade II listed</a>; the building is named after him. The room in which Schunck kept his library on the first floor is remarkably ornate. His books are now in the <a href="/wiki/John_Rylands_University_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="John Rylands University Library">John Rylands University Library</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and his specimens in the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Science_and_Industry_in_Manchester" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of Science and Industry in Manchester">Museum of Science and Industry in Manchester</a>. <a href="/wiki/Chaim_Weizmann" title="Chaim Weizmann">Chaim Weizmann</a> spent a period working in this laboratory during his time at Manchester. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Schunck&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSchmidt1862" class="citation book cs1">Schmidt (1862). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KLxCAQAAMAAJ&q=von+schunck+Manchester&pg=PA42"><i>Schmidt's Jahrbuecher, Volumes 115-116</i></a>. p. 42<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2020</span>. <q>...beweist die beobachtung von Schunck (Mem. of the lit. and philos. Soc. of Manchester)...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Schmidt%27s+Jahrbuecher%2C+Volumes+115-116&rft.pages=42&rft.date=1862&rft.au=Schmidt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKLxCAQAAMAAJ%26q%3Dvon%2Bschunck%2BManchester%26pg%3DPA42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Schunck" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarrar1997" class="citation book cs1">Farrar, W. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U9DaAAAAMAAJ&q=Martin+schunck+son+of+Johann+Carl+Schunck"><i>Chemistry and the Chemical Industry in the 19th Century</i></a>. Variorum. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86078-630-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86078-630-6"><bdi>978-0-86078-630-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2020</span>. <q>As Souchay and his partner Mylius expanded , posts were found for three of [Major] Johann Carl Schunck's sons - for Philipp in Leipzig, for Heinrich in London, and for the youngest, Martin, eventually in Manchester. Within a generation the ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chemistry+and+the+Chemical+Industry+in+the+19th+Century&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Variorum&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-86078-630-6&rft.aulast=Farrar&rft.aufirst=W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DU9DaAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DMartin%2Bschunck%2Bson%2Bof%2BJohann%2BCarl%2BSchunck&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Schunck" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchunck1860" class="citation journal cs1">Schunck, Edward (1860). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zenodo.org/record/1429761">"On the Colouring Matters of Madder"</a>. <i>Journal of the Chemical Society</i>. <b>12</b>: 198–221. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1039%2Fqj8601200198">10.1039/qj8601200198</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Chemical+Society&rft.atitle=On+the+Colouring+Matters+of+Madder&rft.volume=12&rft.pages=198-221&rft.date=1860&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1039%2Fqj8601200198&rft.aulast=Schunck&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzenodo.org%2Frecord%2F1429761&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Schunck" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schunck, Edward (1857) "On the Occurrence of Indigo-blue in Urine", <i>Philosophical Magazine</i>, 1857, <b>14</b>, pp. 288–296</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.soci.org/about-us/history/sci-presidents">"SCI Presidents"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SCI+Presidents&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.soci.org%2Fabout-us%2Fhistory%2Fsci-presidents&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Schunck" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Who was Who, 1897–1916</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">H. B. D. in: Royal Society. <i>Obituary Notices of Fellows Deceased</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MMSI-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MMSI_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnon" class="citation web cs1">Anon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110719174811/http://www.mosi.org.uk/media/161893/henry%20edward%20schunck.pdf">"Henry Edward Schunck (1820–1903)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Collections</i>. Manchester Museum of Science and Industry. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mosi.org.uk/media/161893/henry%20edward%20schunck.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 19 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collections&rft.atitle=Henry+Edward+Schunck+%281820%E2%80%931903%29&rft.au=Anon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mosi.org.uk%2Fmedia%2F161893%2Fhenry%2520edward%2520schunck.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Schunck" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120604102131/http://www.library.manchester.ac.uk/searchresources/guidetospecialcollections/atoz/smithandschunck/">"Smith Memorial Collection and Schunck Library"</a>. University of Manchester (The). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.library.manchester.ac.uk/searchresources/guidetospecialcollections/atoz/smithandschunck/">the original</a> on 4 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Smith+Memorial+Collection+and+Schunck+Library&rft.pub=University+of+Manchester+%28The%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.library.manchester.ac.uk%2Fsearchresources%2Fguidetospecialcollections%2Fatoz%2Fsmithandschunck%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Schunck" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Schunck&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chriscooksey.demon.co.uk/schunck/index.html">Edward Schunck The famous Manchester chemist</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarrar,_W._V.1977" class="citation journal cs1">Farrar, W. V. (1977). "Edward Schunck, F.R.S.: a Pioneer of Natural-Product Chemistry". <i>Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London</i>. <b>31</b> (2): 273–296. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1098%2Frsnr.1977.0017">10.1098/rsnr.1977.0017</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/531831">531831</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:94554926">94554926</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Notes+and+Records+of+the+Royal+Society+of+London&rft.atitle=Edward+Schunck%2C+F.R.S.%3A+a+Pioneer+of+Natural-Product+Chemistry&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=273-296&rft.date=1977&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A94554926%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F531831%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1098%2Frsnr.1977.0017&rft.au=Farrar%2C+W.+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Schunck" class="Z3988"></span> (reprinted in Farrar. <i>Chemistry and the Chemical Industry in the 19th Century</i>. Variorum, 1977)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooksey,_C._J.Dronsfield,_A._T.2008" class="citation journal cs1">Cooksey, C. J.; Dronsfield, A. T. (2008). "Edward Schunck: Forgotten Dyestuffs Chemist". <i>Dyes in History and Archaeology</i>. <b>21</b>: 189–207.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dyes+in+History+and+Archaeology&rft.atitle=Edward+Schunck%3A+Forgotten+Dyestuffs+Chemist&rft.volume=21&rft.pages=189-207&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Cooksey%2C+C.+J.&rft.au=Dronsfield%2C+A.+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Schunck" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><i>Manchester Faces and Places</i>, vol. IX, pp. 1–5</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/index/101035974/">Oxford DNB details</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee1912" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Lee" title="Sidney Lee">Lee, Sidney</a>, ed. (1912). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement/Schunck, Henry Edward"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography,_1912_supplement/Schunck,_Henry_Edward">"Schunck, Henry Edward" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_National_Biography" title="Dictionary of National Biography">Dictionary of National Biography</a> (2nd supplement)</i>. London: Smith, Elder & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Schunck%2C+Henry+Edward&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+National+Biography+%282nd+supplement%29&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Smith%2C+Elder+%26+Co&rft.date=1912&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEdward+Schunck" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Schunck%2C%20Edward%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Edward%20Schunck%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Schunck%2C%20Edward%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Edward%20Schunck%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Edward%20Schunck%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Schunck%2C%20Edward%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Edward%20Schunck%22%29%20OR%20%28%221820-1903%22%20AND%20Schunck%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Edward Schunck</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Edward_Schunck" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Edward Schunck">Edward Schunck</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid lightgreen">Professional and academic associations </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Angus_Smith" title="Robert Angus Smith">Robert Angus Smith</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> President of the <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Literary_and_Philosophical_Society" title="Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society">Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society</a> </b><br />1866–68 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_Prescott_Joule" title="James Prescott Joule">James Prescott Joule</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_Prescott_Joule" title="James Prescott Joule">James Prescott Joule</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> President of the <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Literary_and_Philosophical_Society" title="Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society">Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society</a> </b><br />1874–76 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Edward_William_Binney" title="Edward William Binney">Edward William Binney</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Osborne_Reynolds" title="Osborne Reynolds">Osborne Reynolds</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> President of the <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Literary_and_Philosophical_Society" title="Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society">Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society</a> </b><br />1890–92 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schuster" title="Arthur Schuster">Arthur Schuster</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wilde_(engineer)" title="Henry Wilde (engineer)">Henry Wilde</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> President of the <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Literary_and_Philosophical_Society" title="Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society">Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society</a> </b><br />1896–97 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_Cosmo_Melvill_(naturalist)" title="James Cosmo Melvill (naturalist)">James Cosmo Melvill</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Angus_Smith" title="Robert Angus Smith">Robert Angus Smith</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Secretary of the <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Literary_and_Philosophical_Society" title="Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society">Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society</a> </b><br />1855–61 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Copley_Christie" title="Richard Copley Christie">Richard Copley Christie</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th Century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Peter Mainwaring</li> <li>James Massey</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Percival" title="Thomas Percival">Dr Thomas Percival</a> (I)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th Century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Percival" title="Thomas Percival">Dr Thomas Percival</a> (II)</li> <li>George Walker</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Henry_(apothecary)" title="Thomas Henry (apothecary)">Thomas Henry</a> (I)</li> <li>Dr John Hull</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Henry_(apothecary)" title="Thomas Henry (apothecary)">Thomas Henry</a> (II)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dalton" title="John Dalton">John Dalton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Holme" title="Edward Holme">Dr Edward Holme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eaton_Hodgkinson" title="Eaton Hodgkinson">Eaton Hodgkinson</a></li> <li>John Moore</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Fairbairn" title="William Fairbairn">Sir William Fairbairn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baronet" title="Baronet">Bt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Prescott_Joule" title="James Prescott Joule">James Prescott Joule</a> (I)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_William_Binney" title="Edward William Binney">Edward William Binney</a> (I)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Angus_Smith" title="Robert Angus Smith">Dr Robert Angus Smith</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dr Henry Edward Schunck</a> (I)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Prescott_Joule" title="James Prescott Joule">James Prescott Joule</a> (II)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_William_Binney" title="Edward William Binney">Edward William Binney</a> (II)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Prescott_Joule" title="James Prescott Joule">James Prescott Joule</a> (III)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dr Henry Edward Schunck</a> (II)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_William_Binney" title="Edward William Binney">Edward William Binney</a> (III)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Prescott_Joule" title="James Prescott Joule">James Prescott Joule</a> (IV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_William_Binney" title="Edward William Binney">Edward William Binney</a> (IV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Enfield_Roscoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Enfield Roscoe">Sir Henry Enfield Roscoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Crawford_Williamson" title="William Crawford Williamson">William Crawford Williamson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Dukinfield_Darbishire" title="Robert Dukinfield Darbishire">Robert Dukinfield Darbishire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balfour_Stewart" title="Balfour Stewart">Balfour Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osborne_Reynolds" title="Osborne Reynolds">Osborne Reynolds</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dr Henry Edward Schunck</a> (III)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schuster" title="Arthur Schuster">Prof. Sir Arthur Schuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wilde_(engineer)" title="Henry Wilde (engineer)">Henry Wilde</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dr Henry Edward Schunck</a> (IV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cosmo_Melvill_(naturalist)" title="James Cosmo Melvill (naturalist)">James Cosmo Melvill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Lamb" title="Horace Lamb">Prof. Sir Horace Lamb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th Century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horace_Lamb" title="Horace Lamb">Prof. Sir Horace Lamb</a></li> <li>Charles Bailey</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Boyd_Dawkins" title="William Boyd Dawkins">Prof. Sir William Boyd Dawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bailey_(engineer)" title="William Bailey (engineer)">Sir William Henry Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Baily_Dixon" title="Harold Baily Dixon">Prof. Harold Baily Dixon</a> (I)</li> <li>Francis Jones</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Ernest_Weiss" title="Frederick Ernest Weiss">Prof. Frederick Ernest Weiss</a></li> <li>Francis Nicholson</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_J._Hickson" title="Sydney J. Hickson">Prof. Sydney John Hickson</a></li> <li>William Thomson</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grafton_Elliot_Smith" title="Grafton Elliot Smith">Prof. Sir Grafton Elliot Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Alexander_Miers" title="Henry Alexander Miers">Prof. Sir Henry Alexander Miers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Coward" title="Thomas Coward">Thomas Alfred Coward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Baily_Dixon" title="Harold Baily Dixon">Prof. Harold Baily Dixon</a> (II)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloysius_Cortie" title="Aloysius Cortie">Rev. Aloysius Laurence Cortie</a></li> <li>Herbert Levinstein</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Bragg" title="Lawrence Bragg">Prof. Sir William Lawrence Bragg</a></li> <li>Charles Edmond Stromeyer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Mouat_Jones" title="Bernard Mouat Jones">Prof. Bernard Mouat Jones</a></li> <li>John Allan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_W._James" title="Reginald W. James">Prof. Reginald William James</a></li> <li>Robert Henry Clayton</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Hartree" title="Douglas Hartree">Prof. Douglas Rayner Hartree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._J._Fleure" title="H. J. Fleure">Prof. Herbert John Fleure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Polanyi" title="Michael Polanyi">Prof. Michael Polanyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._B._L._Webster" title="T. B. L. Webster">Prof. Thomas Bertram Lonsdale Webster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_James,_Baron_James_of_Rusholme" title="Eric James, Baron James of Rusholme">Dr Eric John Francis James</a></li> <li>Horace Hayhurst (I)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Jefferson" title="Geoffrey Jefferson">Prof. Sir Geoffrey Jefferson</a></li> <li>Sir Peter Percy F. R. Venables</li> <li>Dr F. C. Toy</li> <li>C. E. Young</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Lipson" title="Henry Lipson">Prof. Henry Solomon Lipson</a> (I)</li> <li>Leonard Cohen</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Pilkington" title="Margaret Pilkington">Margaret Pilkington</a></li> <li>Horace Hayhurst (II)</li> <li>Brian Rodgers</li> <li>Dr George N. Burkhardt</li> <li>Dr George James Kynch</li> <li>Dr Edward Noah Abrahart</li> <li>Anthony Edmund Rivers Goulty</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Lipson" title="Henry Lipson">Prof. Henry Solomon Lipson</a> (II)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Fairhurst" title="Harry S. Fairhurst">Harry M. Fairhurst</a></li> <li>David G. Wilson</li> <li>Dr Lionel J. R. Postle</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netar_Mallick" title="Netar Mallick">Prof. Sir Netar P. Mallick</a> (I)</li> <li>Dr Brian S. H. Rarity</li> <li>Philip G. Livesey</li> <li><a href="/wiki/D._S._L._Cardwell" title="D. S. L. Cardwell">Prof. Donald Stephen Lowell Cardwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Fletcher_Cass" title="Edward Fletcher Cass">Dr Edward Fletcher Cass</a></li> <li>Prof. Alexander Donnachie</li> <li>Dianne Wilson</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st Century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Iain E. Gillespie</li> <li>Angus G. D. Yeaman</li> <li>Keith D. Buckley</li> <li>Vivienne Blackburn</li> <li>Mary, Lady Mallick</li> <li>David J. Higginson</li> <li>Prof. Kenneth M. Letherman</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netar_Mallick" title="Netar Mallick">Prof. Sir Netar P. Mallick</a> (II)</li> <li>Dr Diana M. Leitch</li> <li>Dr Susan R. Hilton</li> <li>Ian Cameron</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DC143C; color:white;;width:1%;text-align:left;">Awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Honorary Membership</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Literary_and_Philosophical_Society#Dalton_Medal" title="Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society">Dalton Medal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DC143C; color:white;;width:1%;text-align:left;">Lectures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Wilde_(engineer)" title="Henry Wilde (engineer)">Wilde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Prescott_Joule" title="James Prescott Joule">Joule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dalton" title="John Dalton">Dalton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Percival" title="Thomas Percival">Percival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DC143C; color:white;;width:1%;text-align:left;">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Literary_and_Philosophical_Society#Memoirs" title="Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society"><i>Memoirs and Proceedings</i></a></li> <li><i>Who's Who of Greater Manchester</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #DC143C; color:white;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Literary_and_Philosophical_Society" title="Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Category</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dalton_Medallists" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #DC143C; color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dalton_Medallists" title="Template:Dalton Medallists"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dalton_Medallists" title="Template talk:Dalton Medallists"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dalton_Medallists" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dalton Medallists"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dalton_Medallists" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Literary_and_Philosophical_Society#Dalton_Medal" title="Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Dalton Medallists</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DC143C; color:white;;width:1%;text-align:left;">Recipients</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Henry Edward Schunck</a> (1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Enfield_Roscoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Enfield Roscoe">Sir Henry Roscoe</a> (1900)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osborne_Reynolds" title="Osborne Reynolds">Osborne Reynolds</a> (1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Sir Ernest Rutherford</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._J._Thomson" title="J. J. Thomson">Sir Joseph 'J. J.' Thomson</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Bragg" title="Lawrence Bragg">Sir Lawrence Bragg</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Blackett" title="Patrick Blackett">Patrick Blackett</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyril Norman Hinshelwood">Sir Cyril Hinshelwood</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Hodgkin">Dorothy Hodgkin</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Kroto" title="Harry Kroto">Sir Harold Kroto</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Fred_Bodmer" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter Fred Bodmer">Sir Walter Bodmer</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">Sir Roger Penrose</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lovell" title="Bernard Lovell">Sir Bernard Lovell</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Rees" title="Martin Rees">Lord Rees of Ludlow</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Novoselov" title="Konstantin Novoselov">Sir Konstantin Novoselov</a> (2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #DC143C; color:white;"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Manchester_Literary_and_Philosophical_Society" title="Category:Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Category</span></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/21px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/19px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/29px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 1.5x, 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id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5345256#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5345256#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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