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href="#Role_in_the_Arab_revolt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Role in the Arab revolt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Role_in_the_Arab_revolt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Adham_Khanjar_incident" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Adham_Khanjar_incident"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>The Adham Khanjar incident</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Adham_Khanjar_incident-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Syrian_Revolution_of_1925–27" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Syrian_Revolution_of_1925–27"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>The Syrian Revolution of 1925–27</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Syrian_Revolution_of_1925–27-sublist" 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Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%B4" title="سلطان الأطرش – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سلطان الأطرش" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_al-Atrasch" title="Sultan al-Atrasch – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sultan al-Atrasch" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_Al-Atrash" title="Sultan Al-Atrash – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sultan Al-Atrash" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_al-Atra%C5%9D" title="Sultan al-Atraŝ – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sultan al-Atraŝ" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%B4" title="سلطان الاطرش – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سلطان الاطرش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_el-Atrache" title="Sultan el-Atrache – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sultan el-Atrache" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_al-Atrash" title="Sultan al-Atrash – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Sultan al-Atrash" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_al-Atrash" title="Sultan al-Atrash – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sultan al-Atrash" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9F_%D7%90%D7%9C-%D7%90%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%A9" title="סולטאן אל-אטרש – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סולטאן אל-אטרש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%B4" title="سلطان الاطرش – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="سلطان الاطرش" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_al-Atrasz" title="Sultan al-Atrasz – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sultan al-Atrasz" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_Pasha_al-Atrash" title="Sultan Pasha al-Atrash – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Sultan Pasha al-Atrash" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%90%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Султан аль-Атраш – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Султан аль-Атраш" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_al-Atrash" title="Sultan al-Atrash – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Sultan al-Atrash" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_el-Atra%C5%9F" title="Sultan el-Atraş – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sultan el-Atraş" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%B4" title="سلطان الاطرش – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سلطان الاطرش" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q403646#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Sultan al-Atrash</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Sultan_Pasha_Al-Atrash2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Sultan_Pasha_Al-Atrash2.jpg/220px-Sultan_Pasha_Al-Atrash2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Sultan_Pasha_Al-Atrash2.jpg/330px-Sultan_Pasha_Al-Atrash2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Sultan_Pasha_Al-Atrash2.jpg/440px-Sultan_Pasha_Al-Atrash2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3632" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Al-Atrash in the Arabian desert after the Syrian revolt</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1891-03-05</span>)</span>March 5, 1891<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Al-Qurayya" title="Al-Qurayya">al-Qrayya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Syria" title="Ottoman Syria">Ottoman Syria</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">March 26, 1982<span style="display:none">(1982-03-26)</span> (aged 91)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Al-Qrayya, <a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Syria" title="Ba'athist Syria">Syria</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syrian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">Leader of the Great Syrian Revolt of 1925–27</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mansur_al-Atrash" title="Mansur al-Atrash">Mansur al-Atrash</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Sultan al-Atrash</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">سلطان الأطرش</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Sulṭān al-ʾAṭrash</i></span>; 5 March 1891 – 26 March 1982) was a <a href="/wiki/Syrians" title="Syrians">Syrian</a> <a href="/wiki/Syrian_nationalism" title="Syrian nationalism">nationalist</a> revolutionary who led the <a href="/wiki/Great_Syrian_Revolt" title="Great Syrian Revolt">Great Syrian Revolt</a> against the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Syria_(1925%E2%80%931930)" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Syria (1925–1930)">French colonial administration</a> in Syria. </p><p>One of the most influential figures in Syrian and Druze history, he played a major role in deciding the destiny of <a href="/wiki/Jabal_al-Druze" title="Jabal al-Druze">Jabal al-Druze</a> and of Syria in general. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_career">Early life and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultan_al-Atrash&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Hauran_Druze_Rebellion" title="Hauran Druze Rebellion">Hauran Druze Rebellion</a></div> <p>Sultan al-Atrash was born in <a href="/wiki/Al-Qurayya" title="Al-Qurayya">al-Qrayya</a>, a village 20 km south of <a href="/wiki/As_Suwayda" class="mw-redirect" title="As Suwayda">Suwayda</a> known for the famous Druze family of <a href="/wiki/Al-Atrash" title="Al-Atrash">Al-Atrash</a>, which had nominally governed the region since 1879. His father Zuqan led a <a href="/wiki/Hauran_Druze_Rebellion" title="Hauran Druze Rebellion">fierce battle</a> against the Ottomans near <a href="/wiki/Al-Kefr" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Kefr">Al-Kefr</a> in 1910, where he faced the forces of <a href="/wiki/Sami_Pasha_al-Farouqi" title="Sami Pasha al-Farouqi">Sami Pasha al-Farouqi</a>. He was captured and later executed in 1911. </p><p>Sultan al-Atrash was an Ottoman army conscript, serving in the Balkans prior to the outbreak of World War I.<sup id="cite_ref-:022_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:022-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Role_in_the_Arab_revolt">Role in the Arab revolt</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultan_al-Atrash&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Role in the Arab revolt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sultan_Pasha_al-Atrash.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Sultan_Pasha_al-Atrash.jpg/220px-Sultan_Pasha_al-Atrash.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Sultan_Pasha_al-Atrash.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="307" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Portrait</figcaption></figure> <p>Sami Pasha used military force and trickery and succeeded at last in occupying Jabal el Druze. He sent hundreds of young Druze to fight in the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a>, Sultan among them. However, during the first World War, the Ottomans left Jabal el Druze in peace as they feared rebellion. Sultan was then able to get in touch with <a href="/wiki/Pan-Arabism" title="Pan-Arabism">Pan-Arab movements</a> and especially with the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Revolt" title="Arab Revolt">Arab Revolt</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hijaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Hijaz">Hijaz</a>. As the revolt started he raised the Arab flag on the citadel of <a href="/wiki/Salkhad" title="Salkhad">Salkhad</a> and on his own house. </p><p>According to testimonies from survivors, during the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Revolt" title="Arab Revolt">Arab Revolt</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a>, he engaged in saving Armenian refugees from the Armenian genocide ; for this, he would have been in link with <a href="/wiki/Hussein_bin_Ali,_King_of_Hejaz" title="Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz">Hussein bin Ali</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When Arab forces reached <a href="/wiki/Aqaba" title="Aqaba">Aqaba</a>, he sent a thousand men to join the revolt. He joined them himself, with another 300 men, when they reached <a href="/wiki/Bosra" title="Bosra">Bosra</a>. His forces were the first to enter <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a> and raise the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Arab_Revolt" title="Flag of the Arab Revolt">Arab revolt flag</a> on the government house on September 29, 1918. Sultan was a good friend of the <a href="/wiki/Hashemite" class="mw-redirect" title="Hashemite">Hashemite</a> Emir <a href="/wiki/Faisal_I_of_Iraq" title="Faisal I of Iraq">Faisal</a>, leader of the Arab forces in the revolt, and was awarded the title of <a href="/wiki/Emir" title="Emir">Emir</a> and the rank of a <a href="/wiki/General" class="mw-redirect" title="General">General</a> in the Syrian army, the equivalent of the title of <a href="/wiki/Pasha" title="Pasha">Pasha</a>. Faisal, later king of <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, helped Sultan a lot during his years in exile. </p><p>The newly independent kingdom of Syria didn't survive for long, as it was occupied by France after the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maysalun" title="Battle of Maysalun">Battle of Maysalun</a> on July 24, 1920. Sultan was gathering his men to fight the French but the quick succession of events cut his efforts short, as French forces entered Damascus and the country was divided into five states, <a href="/wiki/Jabal_el_Druze_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabal el Druze (state)">Jabal el Druze</a> being one of them. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Adham_Khanjar_incident">The Adham Khanjar incident</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultan_al-Atrash&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The Adham Khanjar incident"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On July 7, 1922, French soldiers captured <a href="/wiki/Adham_Khanjar" title="Adham Khanjar">Adham Khanjar</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanese</a> <a href="/wiki/Shiite" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiite">Shiite</a> rebel who was seeking refuge at Sultan's house while he was away. Khanjar was wanted for attempting to assassinate General <a href="/wiki/Henri_Gouraud_(soldier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri Gouraud (soldier)">Gouraud</a>. Upon his arrival home, Sultan demanded the release of Khanjar, but the French refused. A few days later, Sultan and his men attacked a French <a href="/wiki/Convoy" title="Convoy">convoy</a> they thought to transport Khanjar, who was in fact sent to Damascus by airplane.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The French responded by destroying his house and ordering his arrest. Sultan fled to <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a> and subsequently launched raids against French posts. Ten months later, he returned, having been pardoned by the French. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Syrian_Revolution_of_1925–27"><span id="The_Syrian_Revolution_of_1925.E2.80.9327"></span>The Syrian Revolution of 1925–27</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultan_al-Atrash&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The Syrian Revolution of 1925–27"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Great_Syrian_Revolt" title="Great Syrian Revolt">Great Syrian Revolt</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Druze_warriors.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Druze_warriors.jpg/220px-Druze_warriors.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Druze_warriors.jpg/330px-Druze_warriors.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Druze_warriors.jpg/440px-Druze_warriors.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="419" /></a><figcaption>Suwayda celebration for Sultan's and the other rebels' return from exile in 1937</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1925 Sultan Pasha al-Atrash led a revolt which broke out in the Druze Mountain and spread to engulf the whole of Syria and parts of <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>. This is considered one of the most important revolutions against the <a href="/wiki/French_Mandate_of_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="French Mandate of Syria">French mandate</a>, as it encompassed the whole of Syria and witnessed fierce battles between rebel and French forces.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sultan_al-Atrash.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Sultan_al-Atrash.jpg/220px-Sultan_al-Atrash.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Sultan_al-Atrash.jpg/330px-Sultan_al-Atrash.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Sultan_al-Atrash.jpg/440px-Sultan_al-Atrash.jpg 2x" data-file-width="489" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Hilal al-Atrash, Sultan's kinsman and the rebellious sheikh of <a href="/wiki/Rasas" title="Rasas">Rasas</a>, during a ceremony celebrating the release of Syrian rebels</figcaption></figure> <p>On August 23, 1925, Sultan Pasha al-Atrash officially declared revolution against France, and soon fighting erupted in <a href="/wiki/Damascus" title="Damascus">Damascus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Homs" title="Homs">Homs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hama" title="Hama">Hama</a>. Al-Atrash won several battles against the French at the beginning of revolution, notably the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Kafr" title="Battle of al-Kafr">Battle of al-Kafr</a> on July 21, 1925, the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Mazraa" title="Battle of al-Mazraa">Battle of al-Mazraa</a> on August 2, 1925, and the battles of Salkhad, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Musayfirah" title="Battle of al-Musayfirah">Msfirah</a> and <a href="/wiki/As-Suwayda" class="mw-redirect" title="As-Suwayda">as-Suwayda</a>. The Druze were defeated in the latter two battles. After rebel victories against France, it sent thousands of troops to Syria and Lebanon from Morocco and Senegal, equipped with modern weapons, compared to the few supplies of the rebels. This dramatically altered the results and allowed the French to regain many cities, although resistance lasted until the spring of 1927. The French sentenced Sultan al-Atrash to death, but he had escaped with the rebels to <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Transjordan" title="Emirate of Transjordan">Transjordan</a> and was eventually pardoned. He returned to Syria in 1937 after the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Syrian_Treaty_of_Independence_(1936)" class="mw-redirect" title="Franco-Syrian Treaty of Independence (1936)">Franco-Syrian Treaty</a>. He was met with a huge public reception. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Role_after_the_revolution">Role after the revolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultan_al-Atrash&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Role after the revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Al-Atrash participated actively in the <a href="/wiki/Levant_Crisis" title="Levant Crisis">Levant Crisis</a>, that led to Syrian independence. In 1948 he called for the establishment of a unified <a href="/wiki/Arab_Liberation_Army" title="Arab Liberation Army">Arab Liberation Army</a> of <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a>, for which hundreds of young people had already volunteered and sent to participate in during the <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a>. </p><p>During the reign of <a href="/wiki/Adib_Shishakli" title="Adib Shishakli">Adib Shishakli</a>, al-Atrash was often harassed because of his opposition to government policy. He left the Druze Mountain for Jordan in December 1954, and came back when <a href="/wiki/Adib_Shishakli" title="Adib Shishakli">Al-Shishakli's</a> regime fell. Al-Atrash supported the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Republic" title="United Arab Republic">political union</a> of <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> and Syria in 1958, and firmly opposed the process of separation in 1961. He is also known for his contributions to social life and development in the Druze Mountain. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popularity">Popularity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultan_al-Atrash&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Popularity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pasha_al-Atrash.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Pasha_al-Atrash.jpg/220px-Pasha_al-Atrash.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Pasha_al-Atrash.jpg/330px-Pasha_al-Atrash.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Pasha_al-Atrash.jpg/440px-Pasha_al-Atrash.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="357" /></a><figcaption>Pasha al-Atrash in his late 80s, at his home at al-Qurayya</figcaption></figure> <p>Sultan Pasha al-Atrash, is one of the most popular of recently prominent leaders in Arab and Syrian history, especially among the Druze. Many <a href="/wiki/Statues" class="mw-redirect" title="Statues">statues</a> of Al-Atrash exist in main squares on Druze Mountain, and his photos hang in many houses in the region. Al-Atrash is also prominent in local <a href="/wiki/Folklore" title="Folklore">folklore</a>, including many poems and popular songs. For several reasons the Druze consider him a symbol of <a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">patriotism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Courage" title="Courage">courage</a> and <a href="/wiki/Secularism" title="Secularism">secularism</a>: </p> <ul><li>Al-Atrash is known for his secularism when he raised the slogan "Religion is for God, the fatherland is for all" (<i>Ad-dīn li-llāh wa-l-waṭan li-l-jamīˤ </i>) when he led the revolution against the French, which involved rebels belonging to many religions. His speeches and publications were entirely devoid of religious symbols.</li> <li>Al-Atrash strongly rejected the French offer of independence for the Druze Mountain. He demanded a national Syrian unity.</li> <li>He was known for simple living and humility.</li> <li>Al-Atrash refused to accept any political office after the independence of Syria in 1946.</li></ul> <p>During the period of Syrian-Egyptian unity, on a visit to the Suwayda province President <a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a> honored Sultan Pasha al-Atrash by awarding him the highest medal of the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Republic" title="United Arab Republic">United Arab Republic</a>. In 1970, Syrian President <a href="/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad">Hafez al-Assad</a> Honored Sultan Pasha al-Atrash for his historic role in the Syrian Revolution. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultan_al-Atrash&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_38786_Sultan_Al-Atrash_monument_in_Majdal_Shams.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/PikiWiki_Israel_38786_Sultan_Al-Atrash_monument_in_Majdal_Shams.JPG/220px-PikiWiki_Israel_38786_Sultan_Al-Atrash_monument_in_Majdal_Shams.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/PikiWiki_Israel_38786_Sultan_Al-Atrash_monument_in_Majdal_Shams.JPG/330px-PikiWiki_Israel_38786_Sultan_Al-Atrash_monument_in_Majdal_Shams.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/PikiWiki_Israel_38786_Sultan_Al-Atrash_monument_in_Majdal_Shams.JPG/440px-PikiWiki_Israel_38786_Sultan_Al-Atrash_monument_in_Majdal_Shams.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Sculpture of al-Atrash in <a href="/wiki/Majdal_Shams" title="Majdal Shams">Majdal Shams</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sultan Pasha al-Atrash died on March 26, 1982, from a <a href="/wiki/Myocardial_infarction" title="Myocardial infarction">heart attack</a>. His <a href="/wiki/Funeral" title="Funeral">funeral</a> was attended by more than a million people, and the President of Syrian Arab Republic <a href="/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad">Hafez al-Assad</a> issued an individual letter mourning al-Atrash as the General Commander of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Syrian_Revolt" title="Great Syrian Revolt">Syrian Revolution</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultan_al-Atrash&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>His son, <a href="/wiki/Mansur_al-Atrash" title="Mansur al-Atrash">Mansur al-Atrash</a> was an active member in the <a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba%27ath_Party_%E2%80%93_Syria_Region" title="Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region">Syrian Regional Branch</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party" title="Ba'ath Party">Ba'ath Party</a> until the <a href="/wiki/1966_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1966 Syrian coup d'état">1966 Syrian coup d'état</a> led to the downfall of <a href="/wiki/Michel_Aflaq" title="Michel Aflaq">Michel Aflaq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salah_al-Din_al-Bitar" title="Salah al-Din al-Bitar">Salah al-Din al-Bitar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Munif_al-Razzaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Munif al-Razzaz">Munif al-Razzaz</a> and the classical Ba'athists in general. </p><p>His granddaughter, <a href="/wiki/Naila_Al_Atrash" title="Naila Al Atrash">Naila Al Atrash</a>, is a dramatist and activist against the Assad regime. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultan_al-Atrash&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Syrian_Revolt" title="Great Syrian Revolt">Great Syrian Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyash_Al-Haj" title="Ayyash Al-Haj">Ayyash Al-Haj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Hananu" title="Ibrahim Hananu">Ibrahim Hananu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_al-%27Azma" class="mw-redirect" title="Yusuf al-'Azma">Yusuf al-'Azma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_Shahbandar" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd al-Rahman Shahbandar">Abd Al-Rahman Shahbandar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasan_al-Kharrat" title="Hasan al-Kharrat">Hasan al-Kharrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon" title="Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon">Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Gouraud_(general)" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri Gouraud (general)">Henri Gouraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adham_Khanjar" title="Adham Khanjar">Adham Khanjar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saleh_Al-Ali" class="mw-redirect" title="Saleh Al-Ali">Saleh Al-Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fawzi_al-Qawuqji" title="Fawzi al-Qawuqji">Fawzi al-Qawuqji</a></li></ul> </div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hananu,_1932.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ibrahim Hananu"><img alt="Ibrahim Hananu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Hananu%2C_1932.jpg/89px-Hananu%2C_1932.jpg" decoding="async" width="89" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Hananu%2C_1932.jpg/134px-Hananu%2C_1932.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Hananu%2C_1932.jpg/179px-Hananu%2C_1932.jpg 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="832" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Hananu" title="Ibrahim Hananu">Ibrahim Hananu</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ayash_Alhaj_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ayyash Al-Haj"><img alt="Ayyash Al-Haj" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Ayash_Alhaj_1.jpg/96px-Ayash_Alhaj_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Ayash_Alhaj_1.jpg/145px-Ayash_Alhaj_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Ayash_Alhaj_1.jpg/193px-Ayash_Alhaj_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10130" data-file-height="12600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ayyash_Al-Haj" title="Ayyash Al-Haj">Ayyash Al-Haj</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shahbandar11.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Abd Al-Rahman Shahbandar"><img alt="Abd Al-Rahman Shahbandar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Shahbandar11.jpg/77px-Shahbandar11.jpg" decoding="async" width="77" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Shahbandar11.jpg/115px-Shahbandar11.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Shahbandar11.jpg/154px-Shahbandar11.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="934" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_Shahbandar" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd al-Rahman Shahbandar">Abd Al-Rahman Shahbandar</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saleh_al-Ali.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Saleh Al-Ali"><img alt="Saleh Al-Ali" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Saleh_al-Ali.jpg/115px-Saleh_al-Ali.jpg" decoding="async" width="115" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Saleh_al-Ali.jpg/172px-Saleh_al-Ali.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Saleh_al-Ali.jpg/230px-Saleh_al-Ali.jpg 2x" data-file-width="433" data-file-height="452" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Saleh_Al-Ali" class="mw-redirect" title="Saleh Al-Ali">Saleh Al-Ali</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hasan_Kharrat_cropped_1925.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hasan al-Kharrat"><img alt="Hasan al-Kharrat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Hasan_Kharrat_cropped_1925.jpg/102px-Hasan_Kharrat_cropped_1925.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Hasan_Kharrat_cropped_1925.jpg/153px-Hasan_Kharrat_cropped_1925.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Hasan_Kharrat_cropped_1925.jpg/205px-Hasan_Kharrat_cropped_1925.jpg 2x" data-file-width="341" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Hasan_al-Kharrat" title="Hasan al-Kharrat">Hasan al-Kharrat</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:B10114201429.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fawzi al-Qawuqji"><img alt="Fawzi al-Qawuqji" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/B10114201429.jpg/85px-B10114201429.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/B10114201429.jpg/127px-B10114201429.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/B10114201429.jpg/169px-B10114201429.jpg 2x" data-file-width="318" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Fawzi_al-Qawuqji" title="Fawzi al-Qawuqji">Fawzi al-Qawuqji</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultan_al-Atrash&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sultan_Pasha_al-Atrash" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Sultan Pasha al-Atrash">Sultan Pasha al-Atrash</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:022-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:022_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPedersen2015" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Susan_Pedersen_(historian)" title="Susan Pedersen (historian)">Pedersen, Susan</a> (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tu2kCQAAQBAJ"><i>The Guardians: The League of Nations and the Crisis of Empire</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">143–</span>146. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780199570485.001.0001">10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199570485.001.0001</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-957048-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-957048-5"><bdi>978-0-19-957048-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230404151951/https://books.google.com/books?id=tu2kCQAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-04-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-03-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Guardians%3A+The+League+of+Nations+and+the+Crisis+of+Empire&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E143-%3C%2Fspan%3E146&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780199570485.001.0001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-957048-5&rft.aulast=Pedersen&rft.aufirst=Susan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dtu2kCQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASultan+al-Atrash" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.armenianmuseum.org/share-your-stories">"Share Your Stories"</a>. <i>Armenian Museum of America</i>. 2021-10-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Armenian+Museum+of+America&rft.atitle=Share+Your+Stories&rft.date=2021-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.armenianmuseum.org%2Fshare-your-stories&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASultan+al-Atrash" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFProvence2005" class="citation book cs1">Provence, Michael (2005). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatsyrianrevol00prov"><i>The Great Syrian Revolt and the Rise of Arab Nationalism</i></a></span>. University of Texas Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/greatsyrianrevol00prov/page/n19">3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-292-70680-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-292-70680-4"><bdi>0-292-70680-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Syrian+Revolt+and+the+Rise+of+Arab+Nationalism&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=University+of+Texas+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-292-70680-4&rft.aulast=Provence&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgreatsyrianrevol00prov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASultan+al-Atrash" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Provence, p. 153</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q403646#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata1203" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q403646#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000122097809">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/28720811">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/298059/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtRGKG9wkfCrQFyJ4hrbd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/140747648">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n92006968">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb171346894">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb171346894">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p241700876">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007304331605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="French_Mandate_of_Syria90" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:French_Mandate_of_Syria" title="Template:French Mandate of Syria"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:French_Mandate_of_Syria" title="Template talk:French Mandate of Syria"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:French_Mandate_of_Syria" title="Special:EditPage/Template:French Mandate of Syria"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="French_Mandate_of_Syria90" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon" title="Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon">French Mandate of Syria</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Syria_(1925%E2%80%931930)" class="mw-redirect" title="State of Syria (1925–1930)">State of Syria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Aleppo" title="State of Aleppo">State of Aleppo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Damascus" title="State of Damascus">State of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jazira_Province" title="Al-Jazira Province">Al-Jazira Province</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Druze_State" title="Jabal Druze State">Jabal Druze State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alawite_State" title="Alawite State">Alawite State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanjak_of_Alexandretta" title="Sanjak of Alexandretta">Sanjak of Alexandretta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Lebanon" title="Greater Lebanon">Greater Lebanon</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/French_Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon" title="French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon"><img alt="French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/French_Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon_map_en.svg/120px-French_Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon_map_en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/French_Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon_map_en.svg/180px-French_Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon_map_en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/French_Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon_map_en.svg/240px-French_Mandate_for_Syria_and_the_Lebanon_map_en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="922" data-file-height="762" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alawite_revolt_of_1919" title="Alawite revolt of 1919">1919 revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Syrian_War" title="Franco-Syrian War">Franco-Syrian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Maysalun" title="Battle of Maysalun">Battle of Maysalun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Damascus_(1920)" class="mw-redirect" title="Capture of Damascus (1920)">Capture of Damascus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hananu_Revolt" title="Hananu Revolt">Hananu Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Syrian_Revolt" title="Great Syrian Revolt">1925–1927 revolt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epic_of_Ain_Albu_Gomaa" title="Epic of Ain Albu Gomaa">Epic of Ain Albu Gomaa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Salkhad" title="Capture of Salkhad">Capture of Salkhad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Kafr" title="Battle of al-Kafr">Battle of al-Kafr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Mazraa" title="Battle of al-Mazraa">Battle of al-Mazraa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_al-Musayfirah" title="Battle of al-Musayfirah">Battle of al-Musayfirah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1925_Hama_uprising" title="1925 Hama uprising">1925 Hama uprising</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_Syrian_general_strike" title="1936 Syrian general strike">1936 general strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria%E2%80%93Lebanon_campaign" title="Syria–Lebanon campaign">Syria–Lebanon campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levant_Crisis" title="Levant Crisis">Levant Crisis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treaties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sykes%E2%80%93Picot_Agreement" title="Sykes–Picot Agreement">Sykes–Picot Agreement</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paulet%E2%80%93Newcombe_Agreement" title="Paulet–Newcombe Agreement">Paulet–Newcombe Agreement</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco-Syrian_Treaty_of_Independence" title="Franco-Syrian Treaty of Independence">Franco-Syrian Treaty of Independence</a> (1936)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Syrian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yusuf_al-Azma" title="Yusuf al-Azma">Yusuf al-Azma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saleh_al-Ali" title="Saleh al-Ali">Saleh al-Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Hananu" title="Ibrahim Hananu">Ibrahim Hananu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashim_al-Atassi" title="Hashim al-Atassi">Hashim al-Atassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Bey_Barmada" title="Mustafa Bey Barmada">Mustafa Bey Barmada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shukri_al-Quwatli" title="Shukri al-Quwatli">Shukri al-Quwatli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_al-Azm" title="Khalid al-Azm">Khalid al-Azm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%27i_Pasha_al-Mallah" title="Mar'i Pasha al-Mallah">Mar'i Pasha al-Mallah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamil_Mardam_Bey" title="Jamil Mardam Bey">Jamil Mardam Bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamil_Pasha_al-Qudsi" title="Kamil Pasha al-Qudsi">Kamil Pasha al-Qudsi</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sultan al-Atrash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saadallah_al-Jabiri" title="Saadallah al-Jabiri">Saadallah al-Jabiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haqqi_al-Azm" title="Haqqi al-Azm">Haqqi al-Azm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyash_Al-Haj" title="Ayyash Al-Haj">Ayyash Al-Haj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_Shahbandar" class="mw-redirect" title="Abd al-Rahman Shahbandar">Abd al-Rahman Shahbandar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">French</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High_Commissioner_of_the_Levant" title="High Commissioner of the Levant">French High Commissioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Gouraud_(general)" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri Gouraud (general)">Henri Gouraud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Arab_nationalism328" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arab_nationalism" title="Template:Arab nationalism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arab_nationalism" title="Template talk:Arab nationalism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arab_nationalism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arab nationalism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Arab_nationalism328" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Arab_nationalism" title="Arab nationalism">Arab nationalism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ideology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_socialism" title="Arab socialism">Arab socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27athism" title="Ba'athism">Ba'athism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasserism" title="Nasserism">Nasserism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Arabism" title="Pan-Arabism">Pan-Arabism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_International_Theory" title="Third International Theory">Third International Theory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Revolt" title="Arab Revolt">Arab Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercommunal_conflict_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine">Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1936%E2%80%931939_Arab_revolt_in_Palestine" title="1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine">1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Revolt" title="Iraqi Revolt">Iraqi Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_separatism_in_Khuzestan" title="Arab separatism in Khuzestan">Arab separatism in Khuzestan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1979_Khuzestan_insurgency" title="1979 Khuzestan insurgency">1979 Khuzestan insurgency</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Syrian_Revolt" title="Great Syrian Revolt">Great Syrian Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1941_Iraqi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1941 Iraqi coup d'état">1941 Iraqi coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_War" title="Anglo-Iraqi War">Anglo-Iraqi War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Arab–Israeli conflict">Arab–Israeli conflict</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_Attrition" title="War of Attrition">War of Attrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_Egyptian_revolution" title="1952 Egyptian revolution">1952 Egyptian revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Intifada_(1952)" title="Iraqi Intifada (1952)">Iraqi Intifada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_War" title="Algerian War">Algerian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14_July_Revolution" title="14 July Revolution">14 July Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_Mosul_uprising" title="1959 Mosul uprising">1959 Mosul uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1961 Syrian coup d'état">1961 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Cold_War" title="Arab Cold War">Arab Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Yemen_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="North Yemen Civil War">North Yemen Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramadan_Revolution" title="Ramadan Revolution">Ramadan Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1963 Syrian coup d'état">1963 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhofar_War" title="Dhofar War">Dhofar War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1963_Iraqi_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état">November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aden_Emergency" title="Aden Emergency">Aden Emergency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_Syrian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1966 Syrian coup d'état">1966 Syrian coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/17_July_Revolution" title="17 July Revolution">17 July Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Sudanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1969 Sudanese coup d'état">1969 Sudanese coup d'état</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_Libyan_revolution" title="1969 Libyan revolution">1969 Libyan revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_September" title="Black September">Black September</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Civil_War" title="Lebanese Civil War">Lebanese Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_proxy_conflict" title="Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict">Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemeni_unification" title="Yemeni unification">Yemeni unification</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_identity" title="Arab identity">Arab identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Union" title="Arab Union">Arab Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabization" title="Arabization">Arabization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Arab_nationalists" title="Category:Arab nationalists">Personalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Butrus_al-Bustani" title="Butrus al-Bustani">Butrus al-Bustani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Aflaq" title="Michel Aflaq">Michel Aflaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jassem_Alwan" title="Jassem Alwan">Jassem Alwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Rahman_Arif" title="Abdul Rahman Arif">Abdul Rahman Arif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Salam_Arif" title="Abdul Salam Arif">Abdul Salam Arif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaki_al-Arsuzi" title="Zaki al-Arsuzi">Zaki al-Arsuzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad" title="Bashar al-Assad">Bashar al-Assad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad" title="Hafez al-Assad">Hafez al-Assad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_al-Atassi" title="Jamal al-Atassi">Jamal al-Atassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansur_al-Atrash" title="Mansur al-Atrash">Mansur al-Atrash</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sultan al-Atrash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tariq_Aziz" title="Tariq Aziz">Tariq Aziz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Hassan_al-Bakr" title="Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr">Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Ben_Bella" title="Ahmed Ben Bella">Ahmed Ben Bella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah_al-Din_al-Bitar" title="Salah al-Din al-Bitar">Salah al-Din al-Bitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Izzat_Darwaza" title="Izzat Darwaza">Izzat Darwaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faisal_I_of_Iraq" title="Faisal I of Iraq">Faisal I of Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi" title="Muammar Gaddafi">Muammar Gaddafi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Ali_al-Gaylani" title="Rashid Ali al-Gaylani">Rashid Ali al-Gaylani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Habash" title="George Habash">George Habash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sati%27_al-Husri" title="Sati' al-Husri">Sati' al-Husri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hussein_bin_Ali,_King_of_Hejaz" title="Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz">Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amin_al-Husseini" title="Amin al-Husseini">Amin al-Husseini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah_Jadid" title="Salah Jadid">Salah Jadid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abd_al-Rahman_al-Kawakibi" title="Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi">Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Most%C3%A9fa_Merarda" title="Mostéfa Merarda">Mostéfa Merarda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdel_Nasser" title="Gamal Abdel Nasser">Gamal Abdel Nasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adnan_Pachachi" title="Adnan Pachachi">Adnan Pachachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ameen_Rihani" title="Ameen Rihani">Ameen Rihani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuad_al-Rikabi" title="Fuad al-Rikabi">Fuad al-Rikabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdullah_Rimawi" title="Abdullah Rimawi">Abdullah Rimawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamdeen_Sabahi" title="Hamdeen Sabahi">Hamdeen Sabahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantin_Zureiq" title="Constantin Zureiq">Constantin Zureiq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Arab_nationalist_parties" title="List of Arab nationalist parties">Organizations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Awda_(guerrilla_organization)" title="Al-Awda (guerrilla organization)">Al-Awda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Fatat" title="Al-Fatat">Al-Fatat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Mourabitoun" title="Al-Mourabitoun">Al-Mourabitoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Ba%27ath" title="Arab Ba'ath">Arab Ba'ath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Ba%27ath_Movement" title="Arab Ba'ath Movement">Arab Ba'ath Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Federation" title="Arab Federation">Arab Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Higher_Committee" title="Arab Higher Committee">Arab Higher Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Islamic_Republic" title="Arab Islamic Republic">Arab Islamic Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Liberation_Army" title="Arab Liberation Army">Arab Liberation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Nationalist_Movement" title="Arab Nationalist Movement">Arab Nationalist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Action_Party" title="Arab Socialist Action Party">Arab Socialist Action Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Union_(Egypt)" title="Arab Socialist Union (Egypt)">Arab Socialist Union (Egypt)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Union_(Iraq)" title="Arab Socialist Union (Iraq)">Arab Socialist Union (Iraq)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Union_(Libya)" title="Arab Socialist Union (Libya)">Arab Socialist Union (Libya)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Union_Party_(Syria)" title="Arab Socialist Union Party (Syria)">Arab Socialist Union Party (Syria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula_People%27s_Union" title="Arabian Peninsula People's Union">Arabian Peninsula People's Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Army_of_the_Men_of_the_Naqshbandi_Order" title="Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order">Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party" title="Ba'ath Party">Ba'ath Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party_(Iraqi-dominated_faction)" title="Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)">Ba'ath Party (Iraqi-dominated faction)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27ath_Party_(Syrian-dominated_faction)" title="Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction)">Ba'ath Party (Syrian-dominated faction)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Arab_Republics" title="Federation of Arab Republics">Federation of Arab Republics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Military_Council_for_Iraqi_Revolutionaries" title="General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries">General Military Council for Iraqi Revolutionaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Party_(Mandatory_Palestine)" title="Independence Party (Mandatory Palestine)">Independence Party (Mandatory Palestine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Legion" title="Islamic Legion">Islamic Legion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_National_Movement" title="Lebanese National Movement">Lebanese National Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Front_(Algeria)" title="National Liberation Front (Algeria)">National Liberation Front (Algeria)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Palestine Liberation Organization">Palestine Liberation Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine">Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejectionist_Front" title="Rejectionist Front">Rejectionist Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Command_for_Jihad_and_Liberation" title="Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation">Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Political_Command" title="Unified Political Command">Unified Political Command</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Arab_Republics_(1972)" title="Union of Arab Republics (1972)">Union of Arab Republics (1972)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Republic" title="United Arab Republic">United Arab Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_States" title="United Arab States">United Arab States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Arab_Awakening" title="The Arab Awakening">The Arab Awakening</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Battle_for_One_Destiny" title="The Battle for One Destiny">The Battle for One Destiny</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_the_Way_of_Resurrection" title="On the Way of Resurrection">On the Way of Resurrection</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Arab_nationalist_symbols" title="Category:Arab nationalist symbols">Symbolism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Liberation_Flag" title="Arab Liberation Flag">Arab Liberation Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Arab_Republic" title="Coat of arms of the United Arab Republic">Coat of arms of the United Arab Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_of_Saladin" title="Eagle of Saladin">Eagle of Saladin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Arab_Federation" title="Flag of the Arab Federation">Flag of the Arab Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Arab_Revolt" title="Flag of the Arab Revolt">Flag of the Arab Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Federation_of_Arab_Republics" title="Flag of the Federation of Arab Republics">Flag of the Federation of Arab Republics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Republic" title="Flag of the United Arab Republic">Flag of the United Arab Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawk_of_Quraish" title="Hawk of Quraish">Hawk of Quraish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Arab_colors" title="Pan-Arab colors">Pan-Arab colors</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_nationalism" title="Algerian nationalism">Algerian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_nationalism" title="Egyptian nationalism">Egyptian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Mauritania" title="Greater Mauritania">Greater Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Morocco" title="Greater Morocco">Greater Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria_(region)" title="Syria (region)">Greater Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Yemen" title="Greater Yemen">Greater Yemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_nationalism" title="Iraqi nationalism">Iraqi nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamism" title="Islamism">Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_nationalism" title="Jordanian nationalism">Jordanian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_nationalism" title="Lebanese nationalism">Lebanese nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_nationalism" title="Libyan nationalism">Libyan nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_nationalism" title="Palestinian nationalism">Palestinian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Islamism" title="Pan-Islamism">Pan-Islamism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_nationalism" title="Sahrawi nationalism">Sahrawi nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_nationalism" title="Syrian nationalism">Syrian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_nationalism" title="Tunisian nationalism">Tunisian nationalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Arab_nationalism" title="Category:Arab nationalism">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Druze388" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Druze_footer" title="Template:Druze footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Druze_footer" title="Template talk:Druze footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Druze_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Druze footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Druze388" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Druze" title="Druze">Druze</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beliefs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_People_of_Monotheism" title="The People of Monotheism">Al-Muwahhidūn</a>/<a href="/wiki/Muwahhid_Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muwahhid Muslim">Mowahhid</a>-<a href="/wiki/Ahl_at-Tawh%C4%ABd" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahl at-Tawhīd">Ahl at-Tawhīd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_call" title="Divine call">Divine call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druze#Esotericism" title="Druze">Esotericism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reincarnation#Druze" title="Reincarnation">Reincarnation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taqiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Taqiya">Taqiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophany" title="Theophany">Theophany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_pillars_of_Ismailism#Druze_list" title="Seven pillars of Ismailism">Seven Durzi pillars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walayah" title="Walayah">Walayah</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Druze_star.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Druze Star"><img alt="The Druze Star" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Druze_star.svg/110px-Druze_star.svg.png" decoding="async" width="110" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Druze_star.svg/165px-Druze_star.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Druze_star.svg/220px-Druze_star.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Important figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hakim_bi-Amr_Allah" title="Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah">Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sayyid_al-Tanukhi" title="Al-Sayyid al-Tanukhi">Al-Sayyid al-Tanukhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baha_al-Din_al-Muqtana" title="Baha al-Din al-Muqtana">Bahā'a ad-Dīn al-Muqtana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamza_ibn_Ali" title="Hamza ibn Ali">Hamza ibn Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuaib" title="Shuaib">Shuaib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ad-Darazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ad-Darazi">Muhammad al-Darazī</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Texts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epistles_of_Wisdom" title="Epistles of Wisdom">Epistles of Wisdom</a> (<i>Rasa'il al-Hikma</i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Holy places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Druze_Khalwa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Druze Khalwa (page does not exist)">Druze Khalwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_al-Druze" title="Jabal al-Druze">Jabal al-Druze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalwat_al-Bayada" title="Khalwat al-Bayada">Khalwat al-Bayada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabi_Shu%27ayb" title="Nabi Shu'ayb">Nabi Shu'ayb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Holy days</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khidr_Festival" title="Al-Khidr Festival">Al-Khidr Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eid_al-Adha" title="Eid al-Adha">Eid Al Adha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziyarat_al-Nabi_Shu%27ayb" class="mw-redirect" title="Ziyarat al-Nabi Shu'ayb">Ziyarat Al Nabi Shu'ayb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_al-Taym" title="Wadi al-Taym">Wadi al-Taym</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kisrawan_campaigns_(1292%E2%80%931305)" title="Kisrawan campaigns (1292–1305)">Kisrawan campaigns (1292–1305)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buhturids" title="Buhturids">Tanukh (Buhtur) dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27n_dynasty" title="Ma'n dynasty">Ma'n dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Lebanon_Emirate" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Lebanon Emirate">Mount Lebanon Emirate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1585_Ottoman_expedition_against_the_Druze" title="1585 Ottoman expedition against the Druze">1585 Ottoman expedition against the Druze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druze_power_struggle_(1658%E2%80%931667)" title="Druze power struggle (1658–1667)">Druze Power Struggle (1658–1667)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ain_Dara" title="Battle of Ain Dara">Battle of Ain Dara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1838_Druze_revolt" title="1838 Druze revolt">1838 Druze Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1860_civil_conflict_in_Mount_Lebanon_and_Damascus" title="1860 civil conflict in Mount Lebanon and Damascus">1860 civil conflict in Mount Lebanon and Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Lebanon_Mutasarrifate" title="Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate">Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hauran_Druze_Rebellion" title="Hauran Druze Rebellion">Hauran Druze Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Druze_State" title="Jabal Druze State">Jabal Druze State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_War_(Lebanon)" title="Mountain War (Lebanon)">Mountain War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druze_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Druze in Mandatory Palestine">Druze in Mandatory Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaysh_al-Muwahhideen" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaysh al-Muwahhideen">Jaysh al-Muwahhideen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalb_Loze_massacre" title="Qalb Loze massacre">Qalb Loze massacre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Prophets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khidr" title="Khidr">Khidr</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_George" title="Saint George">Saint George</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salman_the_Persian" title="Salman the Persian">Salman the Persian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Relationship with<br /> other religions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_Druze" title="Christianity and Druze">Christianity and Druze</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maronite-Druze_dualism&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maronite-Druze dualism (page does not exist)">Maronite-Druze dualism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_and_Druze" class="mw-redirect" title="Islam and Druze">Islam and Druze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaism_and_Druze" class="mw-redirect" title="Judaism and Druze">Judaism and Druze</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Druze_Zionist_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Druze Zionist movement">Druze Zionism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Druze communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Druze_in_Syria" title="Druze in Syria">Syrian Druze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druze_in_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Druze in Lebanon">Lebanese Druze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druze_in_Israel" title="Druze in Israel">Israeli Druze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druze_in_Jordan" title="Druze in Jordan">Jordanian Druze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druze#Location" title="Druze">Druze diaspora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br />Features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Mohammad_Jawad_Walieddine" title="Abu Mohammad Jawad Walieddine">Abu Mohammad Jawad Walieddine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Atrash" title="Al-Atrash">Al-Atrash clan</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sultan al-Atrash</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alam_al-Din_dynasty" title="Alam al-Din dynasty">Alam al-Din dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amin_Tarif" title="Amin Tarif">Amin Tarif</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Druze_Arabic_dialect&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Druze Arabic dialect (page does not exist)">Druze Arabic dialect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druze_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Druze cuisine">Druze cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumblatt_family" title="Jumblatt family">Jumblatt family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Druze" title="List of Druze">List of Druze</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Israeli_Druze" title="List of Israeli Druze">List of Israeli Druze</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majid_Arslan" title="Majid Arslan">Majid Arslan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mowafaq_Tarif" title="Mowafaq Tarif">Mowafaq Tarif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Druze" class="mw-redirect" title="Persecution of Druze">Persecution of Druze</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span 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