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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "//www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"><html xmlns="//www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /><title>2 Chronicles 36:13 He also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God. But Zedekiah stiffened his neck and hardened his heart against turning to the LORD, the God of Israel.</title><link rel="canonical" href="https://biblehub.com/2_chronicles/36-13.htm" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/new9.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><meta property="og:image" content="https://biblehub.com/visuals/1/14_2Ch_36_13.jpg" /><meta property="og:title" content="2 Chronicles 36:13 - Zedekiah Reigns in Judah" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="Bible Hub" /><meta property="og:description" content="He also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God. 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He became stiff-necked and hardened his heart and would not turn to the LORD, the God of Israel. <a href="/nlt/2_chronicles/36.htm">New Living Translation</a> He also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, even though he had taken an oath of loyalty in God’s name. Zedekiah was a hard and stubborn man, refusing to turn to the LORD, the God of Israel. <a href="/esv/2_chronicles/36.htm">English Standard Version</a> He also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God. He stiffened his neck and hardened his heart against turning to the LORD, the God of Israel. <a href="/bsb/2_chronicles/36.htm">Berean Standard Bible</a> He also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God. But Zedekiah stiffened his neck and hardened his heart against turning to the LORD, the God of Israel. <a href="/kjv/2_chronicles/36.htm">King James Bible</a> And he also rebelled against king Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God: but he stiffened his neck, and hardened his heart from turning unto the LORD God of Israel. <a href="/nkjv/2_chronicles/36.htm">New King James Version</a> And he also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear an oath by God; but he stiffened his neck and hardened his heart against turning to the LORD God of Israel. <a href="/nasb_/2_chronicles/36.htm">New American Standard Bible</a> He also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear allegiance by God. But he stiffened his neck and hardened his heart against turning to the LORD God of Israel. <a href="/nasb/2_chronicles/36.htm">NASB 1995</a> He also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar who had made him swear allegiance by God. But he stiffened his neck and hardened his heart against turning to the LORD God of Israel. <a href="/nasb77/2_chronicles/36.htm">NASB 1977 </a> And he also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar who had made him swear allegiance by God. But he stiffened his neck and hardened his heart against turning to the LORD God of Israel. <a href="/lsb/2_chronicles/36.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a> He also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar who had made him swear allegiance by God. But he stiffened his neck and hardened his heart against turning to Yahweh, the God of Israel. <a href="/amp/2_chronicles/36.htm">Amplified Bible</a> He also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar who had made him swear allegiance by God. He stiffened his neck and hardened his heart against turning to the LORD God of Israel. <a href="/csb/2_chronicles/36.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a> He also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar who had made him swear allegiance by God. He became obstinate and hardened his heart against returning to the LORD, the God of Israel. <a href="/hcsb/2_chronicles/36.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a> He also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar who had made him swear allegiance by God. He became obstinate and hardened his heart against returning to Yahweh, the God of Israel. <a href="/asv/2_chronicles/36.htm">American Standard Version</a> And he also rebelled against king Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God: but he stiffened his neck, and hardened his heart against turning unto Jehovah, the God of Israel. <a href="/cev/2_chronicles/36.htm">Contemporary English Version</a> King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylonia had forced Zedekiah to promise in God's name that he would be loyal. Zedekiah was stubborn and refused to turn back to the LORD God of Israel, so he rebelled against Nebuchadnezzar. <a href="/erv/2_chronicles/36.htm">English Revised Version</a> And he also rebelled against king Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God: but he stiffened his neck, and hardened his heart from turning unto the LORD, the God of Israel. <a href="/gwt/2_chronicles/36.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a> Zedekiah also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar. Nebuchadnezzar had made Zedekiah swear an oath of allegiance to him in God's name. But Zedekiah became so stubborn and so impossible to deal with that he refused to turn back to the LORD God of Israel. <a href="/gnt/2_chronicles/36.htm">Good News Translation</a> Zedekiah rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had forced him to swear in God's name that he would be loyal. He stubbornly refused to repent and return to the LORD, the God of Israel. <a href="/isv/2_chronicles/36.htm">International Standard Version</a> Zedekiah rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear allegiance in the name of God. Instead, he stiffened his resolve, and hardened his heart, and would not return to the LORD God of Israel. <a href="/msb/2_chronicles/36.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a> He also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God. But Zedekiah stiffened his neck and hardened his heart against turning to the LORD, the God of Israel. <a href="/net/2_chronicles/36.htm">NET Bible</a> He also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him vow allegiance in the name of God. He was stubborn and obstinate, and refused to return to the LORD God of Israel. <a href="/nheb/2_chronicles/36.htm">New Heart English Bible</a> He also rebelled against king Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God: but he stiffened his neck, and hardened his heart against turning to the LORD, the God of Israel. <a href="/wbt/2_chronicles/36.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a> And he also rebelled against king Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God: but he stiffened his neck, and hardened his heart from turning to the LORD God of Israel. <a href="/web/2_chronicles/36.htm">World English Bible</a> He also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God; but he stiffened his neck, and hardened his heart against turning to Yahweh, the God of Israel. <div class="vheading2">Literal Translations</div><a href="/lsv/2_chronicles/36.htm">Literal Standard Version</a> and he has also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar who had caused him to swear by God, and he hardens his neck and strengthens his heart against turning back to YHWH, God of Israel. <a href="/ylt/2_chronicles/36.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a> and also, against king Nebuchadnezzar he hath rebelled, who had caused him to swear by God, and he hardeneth his neck, and strengtheneth his heart, against turning back unto Jehovah, God of Israel. <a href="/slt/2_chronicles/36.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a> And also he rebelled against king Nebuchadnezzar who caused him to swear by God: and he will harden his neck and strengthen his heart from turning back to Jehovah the God of Israel.<div class="vheading2">Catholic Translations</div><a href="/drb/2_chronicles/36.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a> Re also revolted from king Nabuchodonosor, who had made him swear by God: and he hardened his neck and his heart, from returning to the Lord the God of Israel. <a href="/cpdv/2_chronicles/36.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a> Also, he withdrew from king Nebuchadnezzar, who had bound him by an oath to God, and he hardened his own neck and his own heart, so that he did not return to the Lord, the God of Israel. <a href="/nabre/2_chronicles/36.htm">New American Bible</a> He also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God. He became stiff-necked and hardened his heart rather than return to the LORD, the God of Israel. <a href="/nrsvce/2_chronicles/36.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a> He also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God; he stiffened his neck and hardened his heart against turning to the LORD, the God of Israel.<div class="vheading2">Translations from Aramaic</div><a href="/lamsa/2_chronicles/36.htm">Lamsa Bible</a> And he also rebelled against Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by the name of the LORD; but he stiffened his neck and hardened his heart and would not pray before the LORD God of Israel. <a href="/hpbt/2_chronicles/36.htm">Peshitta Holy Bible Translated</a> Also he rebelled against Nebukadnetsar who made him swear in the name of LORD JEHOVAH, and he hardened his neck and hardened his heart and did not choose to pray before LORD JEHOVAH God of Israel.<div class="vheading2">OT Translations</div><a href="/jps/2_chronicles/36.htm">JPS Tanakh 1917</a> And he also rebelled against king Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God; but he stiffened his neck, and hardened his heart from turning unto the LORD, the God of Israel. <a href="/sep/2_chronicles/36.htm">Brenton Septuagint Translation</a> in that he rebelled against king Nabuchodonosor, which he adjured him by God not to do: but he stiffened his neck, and hardened his heart, so as not to return to the Lord God of Israel. <a href="/parallel/2_chronicles/36-13.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="audio" id="audio"></a><div class="vheadingv">Audio Bible</div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/zGrb4955Tvs?start=10016" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="vheadingv">Context</div><a href="/bsb/2_chronicles/36.htm">Zedekiah Reigns in Judah</a> …12And he did evil in the sight of the LORD his God and did not humble himself before Jeremiah the prophet, who spoke for the LORD. 13<a href="/hebrew/1571.htm" title="1571: wə·ḡam (Conj) -- Also, moreover, yea. ">He also</a> <a href="/hebrew/4775.htm" title="4775: mā·rāḏ (V-Qal-Perf-3ms) -- To rebel. A primitive root; to rebel.">rebelled</a> <a href="/hebrew/4428.htm" title="4428: bam·me·leḵ (Prep-b, Art:: N-ms) -- King. From malak; a king.">against King</a> <a href="/hebrew/5019.htm" title="5019: nə·ḇū·ḵaḏ·neṣ·ṣar (N-proper-ms) -- Of foreign derivation; Nebukadnetstsar, king of Babylon.">Nebuchadnezzar,</a> <a href="/hebrew/834.htm" title="834: ’ă·šer (Pro-r) -- Who, which, that. A primitive relative pronoun; who, which, what, that; also when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.">who</a> <a href="/hebrew/7650.htm" title="7650: hiš·bî·‘ōw (V-Hifil-Perf-3ms:: 3ms) -- A primitive root; propr. To be complete, but used only as a denominative from sheba'; to seven oneself, i.e. Swear.">had made him swear</a> <a href="/hebrew/430.htm" title="430: bê·lō·hîm (Prep-b:: N-mp) -- Plural of 'elowahh; gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used of the supreme God">by God.</a> <a href="/hebrew/7185.htm" title="7185: way·ye·qeš (Conj-w:: V-Hifil-ConsecImperf-3ms) -- To be hard, severe or fierce. A primitive root; properly, to be dense, i.e. Tough or severe.">But Zedekiah stiffened</a> <a href="/hebrew/853.htm" title="853: ’eṯ- (DirObjM) -- Apparent contracted from 'owth in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self."></a> <a href="/hebrew/6203.htm" title="6203: ‘ā·rə·pōw (N-msc:: 3ms) -- Back of the neck, neck. From araph; the nape or back of the neck; hence, the back generally.">his neck</a> <a href="/hebrew/553.htm" title="553: way·’am·mêṣ (Conj-w:: V-Piel-ConsecImperf-3ms) -- To be stout, strong, bold, alert. A primitive root; to be alert, physically or mentally.">and hardened</a> <a href="/hebrew/853.htm" title="853: ’eṯ- (DirObjM) -- Apparent contracted from 'owth in the demonstrative sense of entity; properly, self."></a> <a href="/hebrew/3824.htm" title="3824: lə·ḇā·ḇōw (N-msc:: 3ms) -- Inner man, mind, will, heart. From labab; the heart; used also like leb.">his heart</a> <a href="/hebrew/7725.htm" title="7725: miš·šūḇ (Prep-m:: V-Qal-Inf) -- A primitive root; to turn back transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively; generally to retreat; often adverbial, again.">against turning</a> <a href="/hebrew/413.htm" title="413: ’el- (Prep) -- To, into, towards. ">to</a> <a href="/hebrew/3068.htm" title="3068: Yah·weh (N-proper-ms) -- The proper name of the God of Israel. From hayah; self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish national name of God.">the LORD,</a> <a href="/hebrew/430.htm" title="430: ’ĕ·lō·hê (N-mpc) -- Plural of 'elowahh; gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used of the supreme God">the God</a> <a href="/hebrew/3478.htm" title="3478: yiś·rā·’êl (N-proper-ms) -- From sarah and 'el; he will rule as God; Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also of his posterity.">of Israel.</a> 14Furthermore, all the leaders of the priests and the people multiplied their unfaithful deeds, following all the abominations of the nations, and they defiled the house of the LORD, which He had consecrated in Jerusalem.…<div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div> <a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><a href="/jeremiah/52-3.htm">Jeremiah 52:3</a> For because of the anger of the LORD, all this happened in Jerusalem and Judah, until He finally banished them from His presence. And Zedekiah also rebelled against the king of Babylon. <a href="/ezekiel/17-15.htm">Ezekiel 17:15-18</a> But this king rebelled against Babylon by sending his envoys to Egypt to ask for horses and a large army. Will he flourish? Will the one who does such things escape? Can he break a covenant and yet escape?’ / ‘As surely as I live,’ declares the Lord GOD, ‘he will die in Babylon, in the land of the king who enthroned him, whose oath he despised and whose covenant he broke. / Pharaoh with his mighty army and vast horde will not help him in battle, when ramps are built and siege walls constructed to destroy many lives. ... <a href="/2_kings/24-20.htm">2 Kings 24:20</a> For because of the anger of the LORD, all this happened in Jerusalem and Judah, until He finally banished them from His presence. And Zedekiah also rebelled against the king of Babylon. <a href="/jeremiah/27-12.htm">Jeremiah 27:12-13</a> And to Zedekiah king of Judah I spoke the same message: “Put your necks under the yoke of the king of Babylon; serve him and his people, and live! / Why should you and your people die by sword and famine and plague, as the LORD has decreed against any nation that does not serve the king of Babylon? <a href="/jeremiah/38-17.htm">Jeremiah 38:17-18</a> Then Jeremiah said to Zedekiah, “This is what the LORD God of Hosts, the God of Israel, says: ‘If you indeed surrender to the officers of the king of Babylon, then you will live, this city will not be burned down, and you and your household will survive. / But if you do not surrender to the officers of the king of Babylon, then this city will be delivered into the hands of the Chaldeans. They will burn it down, and you yourself will not escape their grasp.’” <a href="/daniel/1-1.htm">Daniel 1:1-2</a> In the third year of the reign of Jehoiakim king of Judah, Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came to Jerusalem and besieged it. / And the Lord delivered into his hand Jehoiakim king of Judah, along with some of the articles from the house of God. He carried these off to the land of Shinar, to the house of his god, where he put them in the treasury of his god. <a href="/jeremiah/37-2.htm">Jeremiah 37:2</a> But he and his officers and the people of the land refused to obey the words that the LORD had spoken through Jeremiah the prophet. <a href="/jeremiah/34-2.htm">Jeremiah 34:2-3</a> The LORD, the God of Israel, told Jeremiah to go and speak to Zedekiah king of Judah and tell him that this is what the LORD says: “Behold, I am about to deliver this city into the hand of the king of Babylon, and he will burn it down. / And you yourself will not escape his grasp, but will surely be captured and delivered into his hand. You will see the king of Babylon eye to eye and speak with him face to face; and you will go to Babylon. <a href="/jeremiah/32-3.htm">Jeremiah 32:3-5</a> For Zedekiah king of Judah had imprisoned him, saying: “Why are you prophesying like this? You claim that the LORD says, ‘Behold, I am about to deliver this city into the hand of the king of Babylon, and he will capture it. / Zedekiah king of Judah will not escape from the hands of the Chaldeans, but he will surely be delivered into the hand of the king of Babylon, and will speak with him face to face and see him eye to eye. / He will take Zedekiah to Babylon, where he will stay until I attend to him, declares the LORD. If you fight against the Chaldeans, you will not succeed.’” <a href="/jeremiah/21-7.htm">Jeremiah 21:7</a> ‘After that,’ declares the LORD, ‘I will hand over Zedekiah king of Judah, his officers, and the people in this city who survive the plague and sword and famine, to Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon and to their enemies who seek their lives. He will put them to the sword; he will not spare them or show pity or compassion.’ <a href="/romans/13-1.htm">Romans 13:1-2</a> Everyone must submit himself to the governing authorities, for there is no authority except that which is from God. The authorities that exist have been appointed by God. / Consequently, whoever resists authority is opposing what God has set in place, and those who do so will bring judgment on themselves. <a href="/1_peter/2-13.htm">1 Peter 2:13-14</a> Submit yourselves for the Lord’s sake to every human institution, whether to the king as the supreme authority, / or to governors as those sent by him to punish those who do wrong and to praise those who do right. <a href="/matthew/22-21.htm">Matthew 22:21</a> “Caesar’s,” they answered. So Jesus told them, “Give to Caesar what is Caesar’s, and to God what is God’s.” <a href="/acts/5-29.htm">Acts 5:29</a> But Peter and the other apostles replied, “We must obey God rather than men. <a href="/titus/3-1.htm">Titus 3:1</a> Remind the believers to submit to rulers and authorities, to be obedient and ready for every good work,</div> <a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div>And he also rebelled against king Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God: but he stiffened his neck, and hardened his heart from turning to the LORD God of Israel.rebelled<a href="/2_kings/24-20.htm">2 Kings 24:20</a> For through the anger of the LORD it came to pass in Jerusalem and Judah, until he had cast them out from his presence, that Zedekiah rebelled against the king of Babylon.<a href="/jeremiah/52-2.htm">Jeremiah 52:2,3</a> And he did that which was evil in the eyes of the LORD, according to all that Jehoiakim had done… <a href="/ezekiel/17-11.htm">Ezekiel 17:11-20</a> Moreover the word of the LORD came unto me, saying, … who had<a href="/joshua/9-15.htm">Joshua 9:15,19,20</a> And Joshua made peace with them, and made a league with them, to let them live: and the princes of the congregation sware unto them… <a href="/2_samuel/21-2.htm">2 Samuel 21:2</a> And the king called the Gibeonites, and said unto them; (now the Gibeonites were not of the children of Israel, but of the remnant of the Amorites; and the children of Israel had sworn unto them: and Saul sought to slay them in his zeal to the children of Israel and Judah.)stiffened<a href="/2_kings/17-4.htm">2 Kings 17:4</a> And the king of Assyria found conspiracy in Hoshea: for he had sent messengers to So king of Egypt, and brought no present to the king of Assyria, as he had done year by year: therefore the king of Assyria shut him up, and bound him in prison.<a href="/nehemiah/9-16.htm">Nehemiah 9:16,17</a> But they and our fathers dealt proudly, and hardened their necks, and hearkened not to thy commandments, … <a href="/isaiah/48-4.htm">Isaiah 48:4</a> Because I knew that thou art obstinate, and thy neck is an iron sinew, and thy brow brass;hardened<a href="/exodus/8-15.htm">Exodus 8:15,32</a> But when Pharaoh saw that there was respite, he hardened his heart, and hearkened not unto them; as the LORD had said… <a href="/exodus/9-17.htm">Exodus 9:17</a> As yet exaltest thou thyself against my people, that thou wilt not let them go?<a href="/nehemiah/9-29.htm">Nehemiah 9:29</a> And testifiedst against them, that thou mightest bring them again unto thy law: yet they dealt proudly, and hearkened not unto thy commandments, but sinned against thy judgments, (which if a man do, he shall live in them;) and withdrew the shoulder, and hardened their neck, and would not hear.<div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/1_chronicles/29-24.htm">Allegiance</a> <a href="/2_chronicles/13-6.htm">Arms</a> <a href="/2_chronicles/34-32.htm">Caused</a> <a href="/2_chronicles/35-22.htm">God's</a> <a href="/2_kings/17-14.htm">Hardened</a> <a href="/exodus/9-34.htm">Hardeneth</a> <a href="/2_chronicles/34-31.htm">Heart</a> <a href="/2_chronicles/36-8.htm">Israel</a> <a href="/2_chronicles/36-10.htm">Nebuchadnezzar</a> <a href="/2_chronicles/36-10.htm">Nebuchadnez'zar</a> <a href="/2_chronicles/30-8.htm">Neck</a> <a href="/2_chronicles/18-15.htm">Oath</a> <a href="/2_chronicles/21-8.htm">Rebelled</a> <a href="/2_chronicles/20-27.htm">Returning</a> <a href="/2_kings/17-14.htm">Stiffened</a> <a href="/2_chronicles/30-8.htm">Stiff-Necked</a> <a href="/2_chronicles/18-15.htm">Swear</a> <a href="/2_chronicles/36-10.htm">Turn</a> <a href="/2_chronicles/34-2.htm">Turning</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/isaiah/19-18.htm">Allegiance</a> <a href="/ezra/4-23.htm">Arms</a> <a href="/ezra/6-12.htm">Caused</a> <a href="/2_chronicles/36-16.htm">God's</a> <a href="/nehemiah/9-16.htm">Hardened</a> <a href="/proverbs/21-29.htm">Hardeneth</a> <a href="/ezra/1-5.htm">Heart</a> <a href="/ezra/1-3.htm">Israel</a> <a href="/ezra/1-7.htm">Nebuchadnezzar</a> <a href="/ezra/1-7.htm">Nebuchadnez'zar</a> <a href="/nehemiah/3-5.htm">Neck</a> <a href="/ezra/10-5.htm">Oath</a> <a href="/nehemiah/9-26.htm">Rebelled</a> <a href="/psalms/35-13.htm">Returning</a> <a href="/nehemiah/9-16.htm">Stiffened</a> <a href="/nehemiah/9-16.htm">Stiff-Necked</a> <a href="/ezra/10-5.htm">Swear</a> <a href="/nehemiah/1-9.htm">Turn</a> <a href="/2_chronicles/36-14.htm">Turning</a><div class="vheading2">2 Chronicles 36</div>1. <a href="/2_chronicles/36-1.htm">Jehoahaz succeeding, is deposed by Pharaoh, and carried into Egypt</a> 5. <a href="/2_chronicles/36-5.htm">Jehoiakim reigning ill, is carried bound into Babylon</a> 9. <a href="/2_chronicles/36-9.htm">Jehoiachin succeeding, reigns ill, and is brought into Babylon</a> 11. <a href="/2_chronicles/36-11.htm">Zedekiah succeeding, reigns ill, despite the prophets, and rebels against Nebuchadnezzar</a> 14. <a href="/2_chronicles/36-14.htm">Jerusalem, for the sins of the priests and the people, is wholly destroyed</a> 22. <a href="/2_chronicles/36-22.htm">The proclamation of Cyrus</a> </div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div>  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:200px;height:200px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3753401421161123" data-ad-slot="3592799687"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> </td></tr></table></div></div></div><div id="combox"><div class="padcom"><a name="study" id="study"></a><div class="vheading"><table width="100%"><tr><td width="99%" valign="top"><a href="/study/2_chronicles/36.htm">Study Bible</a></td><td width="1%" valign="top"><a href="/study/2_chronicles/" title="Book Summary and Study">Book ◦</a> <a href="/study/chapters/2_chronicles/36.htm" title="Chapter summary and Study">Chapter </a></tr></table></div>He also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar Zedekiah's rebellion against Nebuchadnezzar was a significant political and spiritual act. Nebuchadnezzar, the king of Babylon, had previously installed Zedekiah as a vassal king over Judah. This rebellion was not just a political maneuver but also a breach of an oath made before God, as Zedekiah had sworn allegiance to Nebuchadnezzar by invoking God's name. This act of rebellion is seen as a direct defiance against God's established order at the time, as Nebuchadnezzar was used by God to execute judgment on Judah for their disobedience.who had made him swear by God The oath Zedekiah took was a solemn one, invoking the name of God, which made it binding and sacred. In the ancient Near Eastern context, oaths were serious commitments, and breaking them was considered a grave sin. This highlights the spiritual dimension of Zedekiah's rebellion, as it was not merely against a foreign king but against God Himself. The breaking of this oath is seen as a violation of the Third Commandment, which warns against taking the Lord's name in vain.But Zedekiah stiffened his neck The phrase "stiffened his neck" is a metaphor for stubbornness and resistance to correction. In biblical literature, this imagery is often used to describe Israel's repeated disobedience and unwillingness to submit to God's will. This stubbornness is a recurring theme in the history of Israel and Judah, leading to their eventual downfall and exile. It reflects a heart that is unyielding and resistant to divine guidance.and hardened his heart The hardening of the heart is a spiritual condition where an individual becomes insensitive to God's voice and resistant to His commands. This phrase echoes the condition of Pharaoh's heart in the Exodus narrative, where repeated refusals to heed God's warnings led to judgment. In Zedekiah's case, it signifies a deliberate choice to ignore prophetic warnings and continue in a path of disobedience, ultimately leading to the destruction of Jerusalem.against turning to the LORD, the God of Israel Zedekiah's refusal to turn to the LORD indicates a rejection of repentance and a failure to seek God's mercy. Throughout the Old Testament, turning to the LORD is synonymous with repentance and seeking restoration. The prophets, including Jeremiah, repeatedly called for the kings and people of Judah to return to God, promising that He would relent from sending disaster if they repented. Zedekiah's failure to do so underscores the tragic consequences of ignoring God's call to repentance and the inevitable judgment that follows.<div class="vheading2">Persons / Places / Events</div>1. <a href="/topical/z/zedekiah.htm">Zedekiah</a> The last king of Judah, who reigned from 597 to 586 BC. He was placed on the throne by Nebuchadnezzar but later rebelled against him. 2. <a href="/topical/k/king_nebuchadnezzar.htm">King Nebuchadnezzar</a> The powerful king of Babylon who conquered Jerusalem and installed Zedekiah as a vassal king. He represents the instrument of God's judgment against Judah. 3. <a href="/topical/j/judah.htm">Judah</a> The southern kingdom of Israel, which fell to Babylon due to its persistent disobedience and idolatry. 4. <a href="/topical/o/oath_by_god.htm">Oath by God</a> A solemn promise made by Zedekiah to Nebuchadnezzar, invoking God's name, which he later broke, demonstrating a lack of faithfulness and integrity. 5. <a href="/topical/r/rebellion_and_hardening_of_heart.htm">Rebellion and Hardening of Heart</a> Zedekiah's refusal to submit to Nebuchadnezzar and his spiritual stubbornness against God, leading to Judah's downfall.<div class="vheading2">Teaching Points</div><a href="/topical/t/the_importance_of_keeping_oaths.htm">The Importance of Keeping Oaths</a> Breaking an oath, especially one made in God's name, is a serious offense. Christians are called to be people of integrity, keeping their promises and commitments. <a href="/topical/c/consequences_of_rebellion.htm">Consequences of Rebellion</a> Zedekiah's rebellion against Nebuchadnezzar, and ultimately against God, led to destruction. Rebellion against God's ordained authority can lead to severe consequences. <a href="/topical/s/spiritual_stubbornness.htm">Spiritual Stubbornness</a> Hardening one's heart against God leads to spiritual downfall. Believers should remain open and responsive to God's guidance and correction. <a href="/topical/g/god's_sovereignty_in_judgment.htm">God's Sovereignty in Judgment</a> The fall of Judah under Zedekiah's reign demonstrates God's control over nations and His use of earthly powers to accomplish His purposes. <a href="/topical/r/repentance_and_turning_to_god.htm">Repentance and Turning to God</a> Despite past failures, there is always an opportunity to turn back to God. Zedekiah's account serves as a warning and a call to repentance.<div class="vheading2">Lists and Questions</div><a href="/top10/lessons_from_2_chronicles_36.htm">Top 10 Lessons from 2 Chronicles 36</a> <a href="/q/what_happened_to_adam_and_eve_in_eden.htm">Who was King Jehoahaz in biblical history?</a> <a href="/q/who_were_josiah's_sons.htm">Who were Josiah's sons?</a> <a href="/q/why_don't_sources_mention_zedekiah's_rise.htm">Why do extra-biblical historical sources seem to conflict or fail to mention details about Mattaniah's appointment as Zedekiah (2 Kings 24:17)?</a> <a href="/q/evidence_for_psalm_79_1-3_desecration.htm">Is there archaeological evidence confirming the large-scale desecration described in Psalm 79:1-3?</a><a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/ellicott/2_chronicles/36.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</a></div>(13) And he also rebelled.--<a href="/2_kings/24-20.htm" title="For through the anger of the LORD it came to pass in Jerusalem and Judah, until he had cast them out from his presence, that Zedekiah rebelled against the king of Babylon.">2Kings 24:20</a>.Who had made him swear by God.--When Nebuchadnezzar appointed Zedekiah vassal-king of Judah, he would naturally make him swear fealty to himself by the God of his fathers. The fact is not specially recorded in Kings; but the prophet Ezekiel makes it the point of a prophecy against the king and his grandees (<a href="/context/ezekiel/17-11.htm" title="Moreover the word of the LORD came to me, saying,">Ezekiel 17:11-21</a>; comp, especially <a href="/2_chronicles/36-17.htm" title="Therefore he brought on them the king of the Chaldees, who slew their young men with the sword in the house of their sanctuary, and had no compassion on young man or maiden, old man, or him that stooped for age: he gave them all into his hand.">2Chronicles 36:17</a>, "mine oath that he hath despised.")But (and) stiffened his neck and hardened his heart.--(Comp. the like expression in <a href="/deuteronomy/2-30.htm" title="But Sihon king of Heshbon would not let us pass by him: for the LORD your God hardened his spirit, and made his heart obstinate, that he might deliver him into your hand, as appears this day.">Deuteronomy 2:30</a>; <a href="/2_kings/17-14.htm" title="Notwithstanding they would not hear, but hardened their necks, like to the neck of their fathers, that did not believe in the LORD their God.">2Kings 17:14</a>; <a href="/jeremiah/19-15.htm" title="Thus said the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel; Behold, I will bring on this city and on all her towns all the evil that I have pronounced against it, because they have hardened their necks, that they might not hear my words.">Jeremiah 19:15</a>.) Zedekiah was not personally unfavourable to the prophet Jeremiah, and consulted him more than once; but he was too weak and timorous to stand by the prophetic counsel, in defiance of his princes who were intriguing with Egypt. . . . <div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/2_chronicles/36.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div>Verse 13. - He also rebelled against... Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God (Elohim). The criticism of the Prophet Ezekiel upon this oath-violation on the part of Zedekiah is to be found <a href="/ezekiel/17-12.htm">Ezekiel 17:12-20</a>; <a href="/ezekiel/21-25.htm">Ezekiel 21:25</a>. Unto the Lord God of Israel. Note here the resorting on the part of the Jew to the name, Jehovah. It is not this name that is used at the commencement of the verse. <a href="/commentaries/2_chronicles/36-13.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a> <a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Hebrew</div>He also וְ֠גַם (wə·ḡam) Conjunctive waw | Conjunction <a href="/hebrew/strongs_1571.htm">Strong's 1571: </a> Assemblage, also, even, yea, though, both, and rebelled מָרָ֔ד (mā·rāḏ) Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_4775.htm">Strong's 4775: </a> To rebel against King בַּמֶּ֤לֶךְ (bam·me·leḵ) Preposition-b, Article | Noun - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_4428.htm">Strong's 4428: </a> A king Nebuchadnezzar, נְבֽוּכַדְנֶאצַּר֙ (nə·ḇū·ḵaḏ·neṣ·ṣar) Noun - proper - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_5019.htm">Strong's 5019: </a> Nebuchadnezzar -- 'Nebo, protect the boundary', a Babylonian king who אֲשֶׁ֥ר (’ă·šer) Pronoun - relative <a href="/hebrew/strongs_834.htm">Strong's 834: </a> Who, which, what, that, when, where, how, because, in order that had made him swear הִשְׁבִּיע֖וֹ (hiš·bî·‘ōw) Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person masculine singular | third person masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_7650.htm">Strong's 7650: </a> To seven oneself, swear by God. בֵּֽאלֹהִ֑ים (bê·lō·hîm) Preposition-b | Noun - masculine plural <a href="/hebrew/strongs_430.htm">Strong's 430: </a> gods -- the supreme God, magistrates, a superlative But [Zedekiah] stiffened וַיֶּ֤קֶשׁ (way·ye·qeš) Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_7185.htm">Strong's 7185: </a> To be hard, severe or fierce his neck עָרְפּוֹ֙ (‘ā·rə·pōw) Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_6203.htm">Strong's 6203: </a> The nape, back of the neck, the back and hardened וַיְאַמֵּ֣ץ (way·’am·mêṣ) Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_553.htm">Strong's 553: </a> To be stout, strong, bold, alert his heart לְבָב֔וֹ (lə·ḇā·ḇōw) Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_3824.htm">Strong's 3824: </a> Inner man, mind, will, heart against turning מִשּׁ֕וּב (miš·šūḇ) Preposition-m | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct <a href="/hebrew/strongs_7725.htm">Strong's 7725: </a> To turn back, in, to retreat, again to אֶל־ (’el-) Preposition <a href="/hebrew/strongs_413.htm">Strong's 413: </a> Near, with, among, to the LORD, יְהוָ֖ה (Yah·weh) Noun - proper - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_3068.htm">Strong's 3068: </a> LORD -- the proper name of the God of Israel the God אֱלֹהֵ֥י (’ĕ·lō·hê) Noun - masculine plural construct <a href="/hebrew/strongs_430.htm">Strong's 430: </a> gods -- the supreme God, magistrates, a superlative of Israel. יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃ (yiś·rā·’êl) Noun - proper - masculine singular <a href="/hebrew/strongs_3478.htm">Strong's 3478: </a> Israel -- 'God strives', another name of Jacob and his desc <div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/2_chronicles/36-13.htm">2 Chronicles 36:13 NIV</a> <a href="/nlt/2_chronicles/36-13.htm">2 Chronicles 36:13 NLT</a> <a href="/esv/2_chronicles/36-13.htm">2 Chronicles 36:13 ESV</a> <a href="/nasb/2_chronicles/36-13.htm">2 Chronicles 36:13 NASB</a> <a href="/kjv/2_chronicles/36-13.htm">2 Chronicles 36:13 KJV</a> <a href="//bibleapps.com/2_chronicles/36-13.htm">2 Chronicles 36:13 BibleApps.com</a> <a href="//bibliaparalela.com/2_chronicles/36-13.htm">2 Chronicles 36:13 Biblia Paralela</a> <a href="//holybible.com.cn/2_chronicles/36-13.htm">2 Chronicles 36:13 Chinese Bible</a> <a href="//saintebible.com/2_chronicles/36-13.htm">2 Chronicles 36:13 French Bible</a> <a href="/catholic/2_chronicles/36-13.htm">2 Chronicles 36:13 Catholic Bible</a> <a href="/2_chronicles/36-13.htm">OT History: 2 Chronicles 36:13 He also rebelled against king Nebuchadnezzar who (2 Chron. 2Ch iiCh ii ch 2 chr 2chr) </a></div></div></td></tr></table></div><div id="left"><a href="/2_chronicles/36-12.htm" onmouseover='lft.src="/leftgif.png"' onmouseout='lft.src="/left.png"' title="2 Chronicles 36:12"><img src="/left.png" name="lft" border="0" alt="2 Chronicles 36:12" /></a></div><div id="right"><a href="/2_chronicles/36-14.htm" onmouseover='rght.src="/rightgif.png"' onmouseout='rght.src="/right.png"' title="2 Chronicles 36:14"><img src="/right.png" name="rght" border="0" alt="2 Chronicles 36:14" /></a></div><div id="botleft"><a href="#" onmouseover='botleft.src="/botleftgif.png"' onmouseout='botleft.src="/botleft.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botleft.png" name="botleft" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="botright"><a href="#" onmouseover='botright.src="/botrightgif.png"' onmouseout='botright.src="/botright.png"' title="Top of Page"><img src="/botright.png" name="botright" border="0" alt="Top of Page" /></a></div><div id="bot"><iframe width="100%" height="1500" scrolling="no" src="/botmenubhnew2.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></div></td></tr></table></div></body></html>