CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="nl" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Tweede Franse Republiek - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )nlwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","januari","februari","maart","april","mei","juni","juli","augustus","september","oktober","november","december"],"wgRequestId":"02e495ea-bdca-44f3-98b1-8c409b206d7e","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Tweede_Franse_Republiek","wgTitle":"Tweede Franse Republiek","wgCurRevisionId":66999367,"wgRevisionId":66999367,"wgArticleId":876030,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Geschiedenis van Frankrijk","Historisch land in Frankrijk","Historische republiek"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"nl","wgPageContentLanguage":"nl","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Tweede_Franse_Republiek","wgRelevantArticleId":876030,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true, "wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"nl","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"nl"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":6000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q58326","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready", "ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.Direct-link-to-Commons","ext.gadget.ProtectionTemplates","ext.gadget.InterProjectLinks","ext.gadget.hoofdbetekenis-titelwijziging","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.OpenStreetMapFrame","ext.gadget.subpages","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface", "ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nl&modules=ext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=nl&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=nl&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_France_%281958%E2%80%931976%29.svg/1200px-Flag_of_France_%281958%E2%80%931976%29.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_France_%281958%E2%80%931976%29.svg/800px-Flag_of_France_%281958%E2%80%931976%29.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="533"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_France_%281958%E2%80%931976%29.svg/640px-Flag_of_France_%281958%E2%80%931976%29.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Tweede Franse Republiek - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//nl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweede_Franse_Republiek"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Bewerken" href="/w/index.php?title=Tweede_Franse_Republiek&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (nl)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//nl.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweede_Franse_Republiek"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom-feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingen&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Tweede_Franse_Republiek rootpage-Tweede_Franse_Republiek skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Naar inhoud springen</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hoofdmenu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hoofdmenu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hoofdmenu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" title="Naar de hoofdpagina gaan [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Hoofdpagina</span></a></li><li id="n-zoekartikel" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Navigatie"><span>Vind een artikel</span></a></li><li id="n-today" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/28_november"><span>Vandaag</span></a></li><li id="n-Etalage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Etalage"><span>Etalage</span></a></li><li id="n-categories" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles"><span>Categorieën</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingen" title="Een lijst met recente wijzigingen in deze wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recente wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:NieuwePaginas"><span>Nieuwe artikelen</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Willekeurig" title="Een willekeurige pagina bekijken [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Willekeurige pagina</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-navigation2" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation2" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Informatie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Gebruikersportaal" title="Informatie over het project: wat u kunt doen, waar u dingen kunt vinden"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-Snelcursus" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Snelcursus"><span>Snelcursus</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Hulp_en_beheer" title="Hulpinformatie over deze wiki"><span>Hulp en contact</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Hoofdpagina" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="de vrije encyclopedie" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-nl.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Speciaal:Zoeken" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Doorzoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Zoeken</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Doorzoek Wikipedia" aria-label="Doorzoek Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Doorzoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Speciaal:Zoeken"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Zoeken</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="De lettergrootte, breedte en kleur van de pagina wijzigen" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Uiterlijk" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Uiterlijk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl" class=""><span>Doneren</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Tweede+Franse+Republiek" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Tweede+Franse+Republiek" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Tweede+Franse+Republiek" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. Dit is echter niet verplicht."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Account aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Tweede+Franse+Republiek" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Aanmelden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagina's voor uitgelogde redacteuren <a href="/wiki/Help:Inleiding" aria-label="Meer leren over bewerken"><span>meer lezen</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnBijdragen" title="Bijdragen IP-adres [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bijdragen</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:MijnOverleg" title="Overlegpagina van de anonieme gebruiker van dit IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Bonaparte_wordt_president" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bonaparte_wordt_president"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Bonaparte wordt president</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bonaparte_wordt_president-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tijdslijn_van_Franse_grondwetten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tijdslijn_van_Franse_grondwetten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Tijdslijn van Franse grondwetten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tijdslijn_van_Franse_grondwetten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Bibliografie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tweede Franse Republiek</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 60 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-60" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">60 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="الجمهورية الفرنسية الثانية – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الجمهورية الفرنسية الثانية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%87" title="الجمهوريه الفرنسيه التانيه – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="الجمهوريه الفرنسيه التانيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segunda_Rep%C3%BAblica_Francesa" title="Segunda República Francesa – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Segunda República Francesa" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0kinci_Fransa_Respublikas%C4%B1" title="İkinci Fransa Respublikası – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İkinci Fransa Respublikası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="ایکینجی فرانسه جومهوریتی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایکینجی فرانسه جومهوریتی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D1%8D%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Другая французская рэспубліка – Belarussisch" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Другая французская рэспубліка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Втора република (Франция) – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Втора република (Франция)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="ফরাসি দ্বিতীয় প্রজাতন্ত্র – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ফরাসি দ্বিতীয় প্রজাতন্ত্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eil_Republik_c%27hall" title="Eil Republik c'hall – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Eil Republik c'hall" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segona_Rep%C3%BAblica_Francesa" title="Segona República Francesa – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Segona República Francesa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%88%DB%95%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%81%DB%95%DA%95%DB%95%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="کۆماری دووەمی فەڕەنسا – Soranî" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆماری دووەمی فەڕەنسا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Soranî" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druh%C3%A1_Francouzsk%C3%A1_republika" title="Druhá Francouzská republika – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Druhá Francouzská republika" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anden_franske_republik" title="Anden franske republik – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Anden franske republik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zweite_Franz%C3%B6sische_Republik" title="Zweite Französische Republik – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zweite Französische Republik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B5%CF%8D%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B7_%CE%93%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%94%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Δεύτερη Γαλλική Δημοκρατία – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δεύτερη Γαλλική Δημοκρατία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Second_Republic" title="French Second Republic – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="French Second Republic" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dua_Respubliko_de_Francio" title="Dua Respubliko de Francio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Dua Respubliko de Francio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segunda_Rep%C3%BAblica_francesa" title="Segunda República francesa – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Segunda República francesa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prantsusmaa_Teine_Vabariik" title="Prantsusmaa Teine Vabariik – Estisch" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Prantsusmaa Teine Vabariik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frantziako_Bigarren_Errepublika" title="Frantziako Bigarren Errepublika – Baskisch" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Frantziako Bigarren Errepublika" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87" title="جمهوری دوم فرانسه – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جمهوری دوم فرانسه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranskan_toinen_tasavalta" title="Ranskan toinen tasavalta – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ranskan toinen tasavalta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="uitgelicht artikel"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deuxi%C3%A8me_R%C3%A9publique_(France)" title="Deuxième République (France) – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Deuxième République (France)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segunda_Rep%C3%BAblica_Francesa" title="Segunda República Francesa – Galicisch" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Segunda República Francesa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94" title="הרפובליקה הצרפתית השנייה – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הרפובליקה הצרפתית השנייה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="द्वितीय फ्रांसीसी गणतंत्र – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="द्वितीय फ्रांसीसी गणतंत्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druga_Francuska_Republika" title="Druga Francuska Republika – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Druga Francuska Republika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Prancis_Kedua" title="Republik Prancis Kedua – Indonesisch" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Republik Prancis Kedua" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duesma_Franca_Republiko" title="Duesma Franca Republiko – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Duesma Franca Republiko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%C3%B0_franska_l%C3%BD%C3%B0veldi%C3%B0" title="Annað franska lýðveldið – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Annað franska lýðveldið" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seconda_Repubblica_(Francia)" title="Seconda Repubblica (Francia) – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Seconda Repubblica (Francia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E6%94%BF" title="フランス第二共和政 – Japans" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フランス第二共和政" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="საფრანგეთის მეორე რესპუბლიკა – Georgisch" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="საფრანგეთის მეორე რესპუბლიკა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4_%EC%A0%9C2%EA%B3%B5%ED%99%94%EA%B5%AD" title="프랑스 제2공화국 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="프랑스 제2공화국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zweet_Republik_(Frankr%C3%A4ich)" title="Zweet Republik (Frankräich) – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Zweet Republik (Frankräich)" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francijas_Otr%C4%81_republika" title="Francijas Otrā republika – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Francijas Otrā republika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Втора Француска Република – Macedonisch" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Втора Француска Република" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95" title="दुसरे फ्रेंच प्रजासत्ताक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="दुसरे फ्रेंच प्रजासत्ताक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republik_Kedua_Perancis" title="Republik Kedua Perancis – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Republik Kedua Perancis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_andre_franske_republikken" title="Den andre franske republikken – Noors - Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Den andre franske republikken" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Noors - Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_andre_franske_republikk" title="Den andre franske republikk – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Den andre franske republikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_Republika_Francuska" title="II Republika Francuska – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="II Republika Francuska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%85%DB%81%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85" title="فرانسیسی جمہوریہ دوم – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فرانسیسی جمہوریہ دوم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segunda_Rep%C3%BAblica_Francesa" title="Segunda República Francesa – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Segunda República Francesa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Doua_Republic%C4%83_Francez%C4%83" title="A Doua Republică Franceză – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="A Doua Republică Franceză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Вторая Французская республика – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Вторая Французская республика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druga_Francuska_Republika" title="Druga Francuska Republika – Servo-Kroatisch" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Druga Francuska Republika" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Servo-Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Second_Republic" title="French Second Republic – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="French Second Republic" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_e_Dyt%C3%AB_Franceze" title="Republika e Dytë Franceze – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Republika e Dytë Franceze" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Друга француска република – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Друга француска република" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andra_franska_republiken" title="Andra franska republiken – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Andra franska republiken" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%9D%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_2" title="สาธารณรัฐฝรั่งเศสที่ 2 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สาธารณรัฐฝรั่งเศสที่ 2" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0kinci_Frans%C4%B1z_Cumhuriyeti" title="İkinci Fransız Cumhuriyeti – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İkinci Fransız Cumhuriyeti" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Друга французька республіка – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Друга французька республіка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%85%DB%81%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C%DB%81_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85" title="فرانسیسی جمہوریہ دوم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فرانسیسی جمہوریہ دوم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seconda_Rep%C3%B9blega_franseze" title="Seconda Repùblega franseze – Venetiaans" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Seconda Repùblega franseze" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%87_Nh%E1%BB%8B_C%E1%BB%99ng_h%C3%B2a_Ph%C3%A1p" title="Đệ Nhị Cộng hòa Pháp – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đệ Nhị Cộng hòa Pháp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9F%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%91%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%99%E1%83%90" title="საფრანგეთიშ მაჟირა რესპუბლიკა – Mingreels" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="საფრანგეთიშ მაჟირა რესპუბლიკა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingreels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="法蘭西第二共和國 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="法蘭西第二共和國" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E8%98%AD%E8%A5%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B" title="法蘭西第二共和國 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="法蘭西第二共和國" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q58326#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tweede_Franse_Republiek" title="Inhoudspagina bekijken [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Overleg:Tweede_Franse_Republiek&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Overleg over deze pagina (de pagina bestaat niet) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Taalvariant wijzigen" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Nederlands</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergaven"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tweede_Franse_Republiek"><span>Lezen</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tweede_Franse_Republiek&veaction=edit" title="Deze pagina bewerken [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tweede_Franse_Republiek&action=edit" title="Broncode van deze pagina bewerken [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Brontekst bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tweede_Franse_Republiek&action=history" title="Eerdere versies van deze pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Geschiedenis weergeven</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hulpmiddelen</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Meer opties" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handelingen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tweede_Franse_Republiek"><span>Lezen</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tweede_Franse_Republiek&veaction=edit" title="Deze pagina bewerken [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tweede_Franse_Republiek&action=edit" title="Broncode van deze pagina bewerken [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Brontekst bewerken</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tweede_Franse_Republiek&action=history"><span>Geschiedenis weergeven</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:VerwijzingenNaarHier/Tweede_Franse_Republiek" title="Lijst met alle pagina's die naar deze pagina verwijzen [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Links naar deze pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:RecenteWijzigingenGelinkt/Tweede_Franse_Republiek" rel="nofollow" title="Recente wijzigingen in pagina's waar deze pagina naar verwijst [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Gerelateerde wijzigingen</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=nl" title="Bestanden uploaden [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Bestand uploaden</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciaal:SpecialePaginas" title="Lijst met alle speciale pagina's [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Speciale pagina's</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tweede_Franse_Republiek&oldid=66999367" title="Permanente koppeling naar deze versie van deze pagina"><span>Permanente koppeling</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tweede_Franse_Republiek&action=info" title="Meer informatie over deze pagina"><span>Paginagegevens</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Citeren&page=Tweede_Franse_Republiek&id=66999367&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informatie over hoe u deze pagina kunt citeren"><span>Deze pagina citeren</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTweede_Franse_Republiek"><span>Verkorte URL verkrijgen</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fnl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTweede_Franse_Republiek"><span>QR-code downloaden</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Afdrukken/exporteren </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Tweede+Franse+Republiek"><span>Boek aanmaken</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Tweede_Franse_Republiek&action=show-download-screen"><span>Downloaden als PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tweede_Franse_Republiek&printable=yes" title="Printvriendelijke versie van deze pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Afdrukversie</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In andere projecten </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:French_Second_Republic" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q58326" title="Koppeling naar item in verbonden gegevensrepository [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Uiterlijk</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1"> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit; text-align:center; font-size:120%;" colspan="3">République française </th></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="3"><span></span> <table style="width: 100%;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: left; vertical-align: middle; min-width: 45px;"><a href="/wiki/Julimonarchie" title="Julimonarchie">←</a> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_France_(1958%E2%80%931976).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Julimonarchie"><img alt="Julimonarchie" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_France_%281958%E2%80%931976%29.svg/25px-Flag_of_France_%281958%E2%80%931976%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_France_%281958%E2%80%931976%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_France_%281958%E2%80%931976%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_France_%281958%E2%80%931976%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_France_%281958%E2%80%931976%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td style="text-align: center; vertical-align: middle;"><big><b>1848 – 1852</b></big> </td> <td style="text-align: right; vertical-align: middle; min-width: 45px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_France_(1958%E2%80%931976).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tweede Franse Keizerrijk"><img alt="Tweede Franse Keizerrijk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_France_%281958%E2%80%931976%29.svg/25px-Flag_of_France_%281958%E2%80%931976%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_France_%281958%E2%80%931976%29.svg/38px-Flag_of_France_%281958%E2%80%931976%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_France_%281958%E2%80%931976%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_France_%281958%E2%80%931976%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Tweede_Franse_Keizerrijk" title="Tweede Franse Keizerrijk">→</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit; text-align:center;" colspan="3"> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"><span></span> <table style="width: 100%; text-align: center;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_France_(1958%E2%80%931976).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_France_%281958%E2%80%931976%29.svg/125px-Flag_of_France_%281958%E2%80%931976%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_France_%281958%E2%80%931976%29.svg/188px-Flag_of_France_%281958%E2%80%931976%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_France_%281958%E2%80%931976%29.svg/250px-Flag_of_France_%281958%E2%80%931976%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align: middle;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Great_Seal_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Great_Seal_of_France.svg/125px-Great_Seal_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Great_Seal_of_France.svg/188px-Great_Seal_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Great_Seal_of_France.svg/250px-Great_Seal_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="650" /></a></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit;" colspan="3">Kaart </th></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:France1848.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="Frankrijk (1848)"><img alt="Frankrijk (1848)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/France1848.PNG" decoding="async" width="266" height="122" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="115" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="3"><small>Frankrijk (1848)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="color:inherit;" colspan="3">Algemene gegevens </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Hoofdstad" title="Hoofdstad">Hoofdstad</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Parijs" title="Parijs">Parijs</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Taal_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Taal (hoofdbetekenis)">Talen</a> </th> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Frans" title="Frans">Frans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frans-Vlaams" title="Frans-Vlaams">Frans-Vlaams</a> (<a href="/wiki/West-Vlaams" title="West-Vlaams">West-Vlaams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duits" title="Duits">Duits</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arpitaans" class="mw-redirect" title="Arpitaans">Arpitaans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bretons_(taal)" title="Bretons (taal)">Bretons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Occitaans" title="Occitaans">Occitaans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baskisch" title="Baskisch">Baskisch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catalaans" title="Catalaans">Catalaans</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="toccolours" style="width:250px; float:right; margin-left:2em; clear:right; font-size:85%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Geschiedenis_van_Frankrijk" title="Geschiedenis van Frankrijk">Geschiedenis van Frankrijk</a></b> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:5px;"> <p><b>Prehistorie</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Galli%C3%AB" title="Gallië">Kelten</a> (vanaf 7e eeuw v.Chr.)<br /> </p> <hr /> <p><b>Romeinse tijd</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Galli%C3%AB" title="Gallië">Romeinen</a> (51 v. Chr.-486)<br /> <a href="/wiki/Franken_(volk)" title="Franken (volk)">Franken</a> (vanaf 287)<br /> </p> <hr /> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Frankrijk_in_de_Middeleeuwen" title="Frankrijk in de Middeleeuwen">Middeleeuwen</a></b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Frankische_Rijk" title="Frankische Rijk">Frankische Rijk</a>: (481-887/8) </p> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Merovingen" title="Merovingen">Merovingen</a> (481-751)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Karolingen" title="Karolingen">Karolingen</a> (751-987)</dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/West-Franci%C3%AB" title="West-Francië">West-Francië</a> (843-987)<br /> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/20px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/30px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/40px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Koninkrijk_Frankrijk_(hoofdbetekenis)" class="mw-redirect" title="Koninkrijk Frankrijk (hoofdbetekenis)">Koninkrijk Frankrijk</a>: (987-1791) </p> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Blason_pays_fr_France_ancien.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Blason_pays_fr_France_ancien.svg/20px-Blason_pays_fr_France_ancien.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Blason_pays_fr_France_ancien.svg/30px-Blason_pays_fr_France_ancien.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Blason_pays_fr_France_ancien.svg/40px-Blason_pays_fr_France_ancien.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Huis_Capet" title="Huis Capet">Capetingen</a> (987-1328)</dd> <dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Blason_France_moderne.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Blason_France_moderne.svg/20px-Blason_France_moderne.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Blason_France_moderne.svg/30px-Blason_France_moderne.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Blason_France_moderne.svg/40px-Blason_France_moderne.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Huis_Valois" title="Huis Valois">Valois</a> (1328-1589)</dd></dl> <hr /> <p><b>Vroegmoderne Tijd</b> </p> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Ancien_r%C3%A9gime" title="Ancien régime">Ancien régime</a></dd> <dd><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Frankrijk (ca. 1632–1790).svg"><img alt="Vlag van Frankrijk (ca. 1632–1790).svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/20px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/30px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg/40px-Royal_Standard_of_the_King_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Huis_Bourbon" title="Huis Bourbon">Bourbon</a> (1589-1792)</dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Franse_Revolutie" title="Franse Revolutie">Franse Revolutie</a> (1789)</dd></dl> <p><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_France_(1790%E2%80%931794).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Frankrijk (1790–1794).svg"><img alt="Vlag van Frankrijk (1790–1794).svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_France_%281790%E2%80%931794%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_France_%281790%E2%80%931794%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_France_%281790%E2%80%931794%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_France_%281790%E2%80%931794%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Flag_of_France_%281790%E2%80%931794%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_France_%281790%E2%80%931794%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Koninkrijk_Frankrijk_(1791-1792)" title="Koninkrijk Frankrijk (1791-1792)">Koninkrijk Frankrijk</a> (1791-1792)<br /> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Frankrijk"><img alt="Vlag van Frankrijk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Eerste_Franse_Republiek" title="Eerste Franse Republiek">Eerste Republiek</a> (1792-1804)<br /> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Frankrijk"><img alt="Vlag van Frankrijk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Eerste_Franse_Keizerrijk" title="Eerste Franse Keizerrijk">Eerste Keizerrijk</a> (1804-1815)<br /> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_France_(1814%E2%80%931830).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Frankrijk (1814-1830).svg"><img alt="Vlag van Frankrijk (1814-1830).svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_France_%281814%E2%80%931830%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Restauratie_(Frankrijk)" title="Restauratie (Frankrijk)">Restauratie</a> (1815-1830)<br /> </p> <hr /> <p><b>Moderne Tijd</b><br /> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Frankrijk"><img alt="Vlag van Frankrijk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Julimonarchie" title="Julimonarchie">Julimonarchie</a> (1830-1848)<br /> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Frankrijk"><img alt="Vlag van Frankrijk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tweede Republiek</a> (1848-1852)<br /> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Frankrijk"><img alt="Vlag van Frankrijk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Tweede_Franse_Keizerrijk" title="Tweede Franse Keizerrijk">Tweede Keizerrijk</a> (1852-1870)<br /> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Frankrijk"><img alt="Vlag van Frankrijk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Derde_Franse_Republiek" title="Derde Franse Republiek">Derde Republiek</a> (1870-1940/'46)<br /> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Frankrijk"><img alt="Vlag van Frankrijk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Vichy-Frankrijk" title="Vichy-Frankrijk">Vichy-regime</a> (1940-1944)<br /> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Frankrijk"><img alt="Vlag van Frankrijk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Voorlopige_Regering_van_de_Franse_Republiek" title="Voorlopige Regering van de Franse Republiek">Voorlopige Regering</a> (1944-1946/47)<br /> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Frankrijk"><img alt="Vlag van Frankrijk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Vierde_Franse_Republiek" title="Vierde Franse Republiek">Vierde Republiek</a> (1946-1958)<br /> <span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vlag van Frankrijk"><img alt="Vlag van Frankrijk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Vijfde_Franse_Republiek" title="Vijfde Franse Republiek">Vijfde Republiek</a> (1958-heden) </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franse_koloniale_rijk" title="Franse koloniale rijk">Franse koloniale rijk</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <hr /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>  <b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Frankrijk" title="Portaal:Frankrijk">Frankrijk</a></b><br /><b>Portaal</b>  <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Geschiedenis" title="Portaal:Geschiedenis">Geschiedenis</a></b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>De <b>Tweede Franse Republiek</b> of kortweg <b>Tweede Republiek</b> was de benaming voor <a href="/wiki/Frankrijk" title="Frankrijk">Frankrijk</a> van <a href="/wiki/1848" title="1848">1848</a> tot <a href="/wiki/1852" title="1852">1852</a>. </p><p>Na de <a href="/wiki/Februarirevolutie_(1848)" title="Februarirevolutie (1848)">revolutie van 1848</a> deed koning <a href="/wiki/Lodewijk_Filips_I_van_Frankrijk" title="Lodewijk Filips I van Frankrijk">Lodewijk Filips</a> op 24 februari 1848 afstand van de troon ten gunste van zijn kleinzoon. De voorlopige regering onder leiding van <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine">Alphonse de Lamartine</a> riep echter diezelfde dag de Tweede Franse Republiek uit. </p><p>De nieuwe republiek bleek een veel conservatiever beleid uit te oefenen dan de revolutionairen geëist hadden. Al snel kwam het tot een conflict tussen de radicale <a href="/wiki/Socialisme" title="Socialisme">socialisten</a> en gematigde <a href="/wiki/Republicanisme" title="Republicanisme">republikeinen</a>. Onder druk van de socialist <a href="/wiki/Louis_Blanc_(politicus)" title="Louis Blanc (politicus)">Louis Blanc</a> werden de <i>Ateliers Nationaux</i> (<a href="/wiki/Nationale_werkplaatsen" title="Nationale werkplaatsen">Nationale werkplaatsen</a>) opgericht, waar werklozen tewerkgesteld werden. Toen de werkplaatsen op 21 juni vanwege geldgebrek door de regering werden gesloten gingen Parijse werklozen en arbeiders de straat op. Dit leidde tot een <a href="/wiki/Juni-oproer_(Frankrijk)" class="mw-redirect" title="Juni-oproer (Frankrijk)">opstand van vijf dagen</a>, door generaal <a href="/wiki/Louis_Eug%C3%A8ne_Cavaignac" title="Louis Eugène Cavaignac">Louis Eugène Cavaignac</a> op bloedige wijze neergeslagen, met 1.500 doden en 15.000 gevangen die naar <a href="/wiki/Algerije" title="Algerije">Algerije</a> werden gedeporteerd. </p><p>Op 4 november werd een nieuwe <a href="/wiki/Grondwet" title="Grondwet">grondwet</a> aangenomen, waarbij Frankrijk een <a href="/wiki/Democratie" title="Democratie">democratische</a> republiek werd, met <a href="/wiki/Algemeen_kiesrecht" title="Algemeen kiesrecht">algemeen kiesrecht</a>, een <a href="/wiki/Scheiding_der_machten" class="mw-redirect" title="Scheiding der machten">scheiding der machten</a> en een direct verkozen regering en parlement. De republiek zou een enkelkamerig parlement hebben met 750 leden, verkozen voor een periode van drie jaar. De regering zou geleid worden door een president die voor vier jaar werd verkozen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bonaparte_wordt_president">Bonaparte wordt president</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tweede_Franse_Republiek&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Bonaparte wordt president" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tweede_Franse_Republiek&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Bonaparte wordt president"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Campagne_pr%C3%A9sidentielle_de_1848.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Campagne_pr%C3%A9sidentielle_de_1848.jpg/200px-Campagne_pr%C3%A9sidentielle_de_1848.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Campagne_pr%C3%A9sidentielle_de_1848.jpg/300px-Campagne_pr%C3%A9sidentielle_de_1848.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Campagne_pr%C3%A9sidentielle_de_1848.jpg/400px-Campagne_pr%C3%A9sidentielle_de_1848.jpg 2x" data-file-width="552" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Karikatuur van de presidentsverkiezingen in 1848</figcaption></figure> <p>In de presidentsverkiezingen stond de socialistische kandidaat <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Ledru-Rollin" title="Alexandre Ledru-Rollin">Alexandre Ledru-Rollin</a> tegen de republikeinse kandidaten Cavaignac en <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Lodewijk Napoleon Bonaparte</a>, een neef van de voormalige keizer <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon I</a>. Na de chaotische revolutiedagen wilde de Franse bevolking nu een sterke man die de rust en stabiliteit kon herstellen, en vond die in de persoon Bonaparte. Bij de verkiezingen op 10 december bleek hij verreweg de meeste stemmen te hebben gekregen (vijf en een half miljoen tegen anderhalf miljoen voor Cavaignac en 370.000 voor Ledru-Rollin) en werd hij tot president verkozen. </p><p>De nieuwbakken president zag nu zijn kans schoon om zijn oom Napoleon I na te volgen en zelf keizer van Frankrijk te worden. Hij gebruikte de volgende drie jaar om zich van de steun van het leger te verzekeren en de verschillende politieke facties tegen elkaar uit te spelen, zoals zijn oom 50 jaar eerder ook had gedaan. </p><p>In 1851 legde hij het parlement een grondwetswijziging voor die het mogelijk zou maken voor een president om herverkozen te worden voor een tweede termijn. Het parlement, dat gedomineerd werd door de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orl%C3%A9anisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orléanisme (de pagina bestaat niet)">orléanisten</a> (die het <a href="/wiki/Huis_Bourbon" title="Huis Bourbon">huis Bourbon</a> op de troon terug wilden hebben), verwierp deze grondwetswijziging. </p><p>Een <a href="/wiki/Staatsgreep" title="Staatsgreep">staatsgreep</a> door Bonaparte volgde op 2 december - niet toevallig dezelfde dag dat Napoleon I in 1804 tot keizer gekroond werd en in 1805 de <a href="/wiki/Slag_bij_Austerlitz" title="Slag bij Austerlitz">Slag bij Austerlitz</a> won. Tegenstand van onder meer <a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugo" title="Victor Hugo">Victor Hugo</a> bleek nutteloos. Bonaparte dreef vervolgens grondwetswijzigingen door waarmee hij voor een periode van 10 jaar verkozen werd en <a href="/wiki/Dictator_(modern)" title="Dictator (modern)">dictatoriale</a> macht in handen kreeg. Het parlement bleef wel bestaan, maar was vrijwel machteloos. Alle uitvoerende macht lag bij Bonaparte, net als het initiatiefrecht voor wetsvoorstellen. </p><p>Precies een jaar later, op 2 december 1852, na goedkeuring door een overweldigende meerderheid in een <a href="/wiki/Referendum" class="mw-redirect" title="Referendum">referendum</a>, werd Bonaparte keizer van Frankrijk als <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Napoleon III</a>. Dit betekende het einde van de Tweede Franse Republiek en het begin van het <a href="/wiki/Tweede_Franse_Keizerrijk" title="Tweede Franse Keizerrijk">Tweede Franse Keizerrijk</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tijdslijn_van_Franse_grondwetten">Tijdslijn van Franse grondwetten</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tweede_Franse_Republiek&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Tijdslijn van Franse grondwetten" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tweede_Franse_Republiek&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Tijdslijn van Franse grondwetten"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Chronologie_constitutions_fran%C3%A7aises.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Chronologie_constitutions_fran%C3%A7aises.svg/langnl-910px-Chronologie_constitutions_fran%C3%A7aises.svg.png" decoding="async" width="910" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Chronologie_constitutions_fran%C3%A7aises.svg/langnl-1365px-Chronologie_constitutions_fran%C3%A7aises.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Chronologie_constitutions_fran%C3%A7aises.svg/langnl-1820px-Chronologie_constitutions_fran%C3%A7aises.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4843" data-file-height="932" /></a></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografie">Bibliografie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tweede_Franse_Republiek&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Bibliografie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tweede_Franse_Republiek&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Bibliografie"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Anceau, Eric, <i>Napoléon III, un Saint-Simon à cheval</i>, Paris, Tallandier, 2008.</li> <li>Choisel, Francis, <i> La Deuxième République et le Second Empire au jour le jour</i>, chronologie érudite détaillée, Paris, CNRS Editions, 2015.</li> <li>Girard, Louis <i>Napoléon III</i>, Paris, Fayard,1986.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Overgenomen van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tweede_Franse_Republiek&oldid=66999367">https://nl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tweede_Franse_Republiek&oldid=66999367</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Alles" title="Categorie:Alles">Categorieën</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Geschiedenis_van_Frankrijk" title="Categorie:Geschiedenis van Frankrijk">Geschiedenis van Frankrijk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Historisch_land_in_Frankrijk" title="Categorie:Historisch land in Frankrijk">Historisch land in Frankrijk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Historische_republiek" title="Categorie:Historische republiek">Historische republiek</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Deze pagina is voor het laatst bewerkt op 8 feb 2024 om 03:31.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">De tekst is beschikbaar onder de licentie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.nl">Creative Commons Naamsvermelding/Gelijk delen</a>, er kunnen aanvullende voorwaarden van toepassing zijn. Zie de <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use/nl">gebruiksvoorwaarden</a> voor meer informatie.<br /> Wikipedia® is een geregistreerd handelsmerk van de <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wikimediafoundation.org">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, een organisatie zonder winstoogmerk.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacybeleid</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia">Over Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Algemeen_voorbehoud">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Gedragscode</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Ontwikkelaars</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/nl.wikipedia.org">Statistieken</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookieverklaring</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//nl.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tweede_Franse_Republiek&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobiele weergave</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-78f4c97c5d-vxpww","wgBackendResponseTime":131,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.076","walltime":"0.157","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1241,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":12691,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":4058,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":11,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":0,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":0,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 92.181 1 -total"," 84.06% 77.489 1 Sjabloon:Infobox_historisch_land"," 79.14% 72.949 1 Sjabloon:Infobox_generiek"," 54.72% 50.437 1 Sjabloon:Wikidata_afbeelding"," 15.84% 14.599 1 Sjabloon:Zijbalk_geschiedenis_Frankrijk"," 4.38% 4.039 1 Sjabloon:FR-1632-VLAG"," 3.06% 2.825 1 Sjabloon:Infobox/afbeeldingbreedte"," 2.82% 2.603 1 Sjabloon:FR-1814-VLAG"," 2.78% 2.562 1 Sjabloon:FR-1790-VLAG"," 2.24% 2.061 4 Sjabloon:ISO-VLAG"]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-565d46677b-bzjb5","timestamp":"20241128124513","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Tweede Franse Republiek","url":"https:\/\/nl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tweede_Franse_Republiek","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q58326","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q58326","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Bijdragers aan Wikimedia-projecten"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2007-05-17T16:05:19Z","dateModified":"2024-02-08T02:31:33Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/34\/Flag_of_France_%281958%E2%80%931976%29.svg","headline":"voormalig land (1848-1852)"}</script> </body> </html>