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width="1.25rem" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><polyline points="6 9 6 2 18 2 18 9"></polyline><path d="M6 18H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-5a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h16a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2h-2"></path><rect x="6" y="14" width="12" height="8"></rect></svg></a></button></div></div><div><div class="flex flex-wrap"><p class=" text-primary font-semibold">News</p><div class="h-[16px] border-l-2 border-gray-400 mt-1 mx-1"></div><p class=" text-primary font-semibold">Article</p><div class="h-[16px] border-l-2 border-gray-400 mt-1 mx-1 "></div><time class="text-gray-500 " dateTime="2024-03-25T21:11:08.053">March 25, 2024</time></div><h1 class="text-[26px] font-medium leading-8">Dupilumab Reduces Asthma Symptoms Regardless of Exacerbation History, Study Finds</h1><div class="py-3 text-gray-600 md:flex flex-col md:justify-between"><div class="flex flex-col xs:flex-row"><p class="mr-1 self-start">Author(s):</p><div class="flex flex-col xs:flex-row mb-3 md:mb-0"><div class="flex flex-wrap"><span class="text-md mr-2"><a class="text-author text-gray-500 hover:text-primary underline hover:no-underline decoration-gray-400" href="/authors/pearl-steinzor">Pearl Steinzor</a></span></div></div></div><div class="max-w-full"><div class="flex flex-wrap sm:flex-nowrap items-center w-fit my-2"></div><div class="w-full flex flex-col sm:flex-row justify-between mt-2"><div class="block md:hidden "><div class="mt-2 flex items-center max-w-fit"><button title="Dupilumab Reduces Asthma Symptoms Regardless of Exacerbation History, Study Finds" aria-label="facebook" class="react-share__ShareButton" style="background-color:transparent;border:none;padding:0;font:inherit;color:inherit;cursor:pointer"><svg viewBox="0 0 64 64" width="32" height="32"><circle cx="32" cy="32" r="31" fill="#3b5998"></circle><path d="M34.1,47V33.3h4.6l0.7-5.3h-5.3v-3.4c0-1.5,0.4-2.6,2.6-2.6l2.8,0v-4.8c-0.5-0.1-2.2-0.2-4.1-0.2 c-4.1,0-6.9,2.5-6.9,7V28H24v5.3h4.6V47H34.1z" fill="white"></path></svg></button><button 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viewBox="0 0 64 64" width="32" height="32"><circle cx="32" cy="32" r="31" fill="#7f7f7f"></circle><path d="M17,22v20h30V22H17z M41.1,25L32,32.1L22.9,25H41.1z M20,39V26.6l12,9.3l12-9.3V39H20z" fill="white"></path></svg></button><a class="print-wrap flex justify-center items-center cursor-pointer"><svg id="print" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" fill="currentColor" class="print bi bi-printer" viewBox="0 0 16 16"> <path d="M2.5 8a.5.5 0 1 0 0-1 .5.5 0 0 0 0 1z"></path> <path d="M5 1a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2H2a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v3a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h1v1a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h6a2 2 0 0 0 2-2v-1h1a2 2 0 0 0 2-2V7a2 2 0 0 0-2-2h-1V3a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H5zM4 3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h6a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v2H4V3zm1 5a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v1H2a1 1 0 0 1-1-1V7a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h12a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v3a1 1 0 0 1-1 1h-1v-1a2 2 0 0 0-2-2H5zm7 2v3a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H5a1 1 0 0 1-1-1v-3a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h6a1 1 0 0 1 1 1z"></path></svg></a></div><style> .print-wrap { width: 32px; height: 32px; background: #7F7F7F; border-radius: 100%; } .print { background: #7F7F7F; color: white; padding: 2px; border-radius: 100%; } </style></div></div></div></div><div class=" lg:w-full flex flex-col lg:flex-row lg:items-center lg:justify-end"></div><p class="py-2 mb-2 text-sm italic text-gray-600">Dupilumab significantly reduced the risk of exacerbations compared with placebo in children with moderate to severe asthma, regardless of exacerbation history.</p><div class="py-2"><div class="blockText_blockContent__TbCXh"><p class="pb-2">Dupilumab was shown to consistently reduce the risk of serious <a target="_blank" href="https://www.ajmc.com/compendium/asthma">asthma</a> exacerbations, improve lung function, and reduce Asthma Control Questionnaire 7 Interviewer-Administered (ACQ-7-IA) score, regardless of exacerbation history.</p><div class=""><div style="width:30%;float:left;max-width:525px;margin:0 1.5rem 1.5rem 0;clear:both;cursor:pointer" class=" figure"><div class="flex-none relative text-center"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:relative;max-width:100%"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100%"><img style="display:block;max-width:100%;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%274073%27%20height=%273055%27/%3e"/></span><img alt="Young female in white t-shirt using blue asthma inhaler for relief asthma attack. Pharmaceutical products is used to prevent and treat wheezing and shortness of breath caused asthma or COPD. Close up | Orawan - stock.adobe.com" title="Young female in white t-shirt using blue asthma inhaler for relief asthma attack. Pharmaceutical products is used to prevent and treat wheezing and shortness of breath caused asthma or COPD. Close up | Orawan - stock.adobe.com" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%;object-fit:contain"/><noscript><img alt="Young female in white t-shirt using blue asthma inhaler for relief asthma attack. Pharmaceutical products is used to prevent and treat wheezing and shortness of breath caused asthma or COPD. Close up | Orawan - stock.adobe.com" title="Young female in white t-shirt using blue asthma inhaler for relief asthma attack. Pharmaceutical products is used to prevent and treat wheezing and shortness of breath caused asthma or COPD. Close up | Orawan - stock.adobe.com" srcSet="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.sanity.io%2Fimages%2F0vv8moc6%2Fajmc%2Fe8d94af2f6477f46defb2fea3a348b92e342cb88-4073x3055.jpg%3Ffit%3Dcrop%26auto%3Dformat&w=3840&q=75 1x" src="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.sanity.io%2Fimages%2F0vv8moc6%2Fajmc%2Fe8d94af2f6477f46defb2fea3a348b92e342cb88-4073x3055.jpg%3Ffit%3Dcrop%26auto%3Dformat&w=3840&q=75" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%;object-fit:contain" loading="lazy"/></noscript></span></div><div id="image-caption" class="text-gray-500 italic"><div class="blockText_blockContent__TbCXh"><p class="pb-2"><div style="text-align:center">Young female in white t-shirt using blue asthma inhaler for relief asthma attack | Orawan - stock.adobe.com</div></p></div></div><div class="top-[-100%] block w-[1px] transition-opacity duration-500 ease-in-out opacity-0 overflow-hidden"><img class="m-auto absolute inset-0 max-w-[0%] max-h-[0%] border-[3px] border-solid border-white shadow-[0px_0px_8px_rgba(0,0,0,0.3)] box-border transition ease-in-out duration-500" src="https://cdn.sanity.io/images/0vv8moc6/ajmc/e8d94af2f6477f46defb2fea3a348b92e342cb88-4073x3055.jpg?fit=crop&auto=format"/></div></div><style> #image-caption p{ font-size: 12px; max-width: 525px; margin: 0 auto; text-align: center; } </style></div><p class="pb-2">This post hoc analysis of the phase 3 VOYAGE study (<a rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" target="_blank" href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02948959">NCT02948959</a>) is published in <em><a rel="nofollow noreferrer noopener" target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10928922/">Journal of Asthma and Allergy</a>.</em></p><p class="pb-2"></p><p class="pb-2">“As higher numbers of prior exacerbations are associated with a greater risk of future exacerbations, our findings suggest that dupilumab is efficacious in reducing risk of exacerbations even among patients with the highest number of prior exacerbations analyzed, who tend to be at the greatest risk of future exacerbations,” wrote the researchers of the study.</p><p class="pb-2"></p><p class="pb-2">The analysis included patients who participated in VOYAGE and had a type 2 inflammatory asthma phenotype at study baseline. Patients were categorized into 15 subgroups, including 3 according to the number of exacerbations experienced in the year prior to the study, as well level of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) or blood eosinophil count at baseline.</p><p class="pb-2"></p><p class="pb-2">Efficacy end points were the annualized rate of severe exacerbations at the end of the 52-week treatment period, the proportion of children without exacerbations, and change in lung function parameters from baseline, which included ACQ-7-IA scores, percent predicted forced expiratory volume per 1 second (ppFEV<sub class="text-inherit">1</sub>), and pre- and postbronchodilator (BD) FEV<sub class="text-inherit">1</sub>/forced vital capacity (FEV<sub class="text-inherit">1</sub>/FVC).</p><p class="pb-2"></p><p class="pb-2">A total of 408 participants underwent randomization in VOYAGE, in which 350 patients with type 2 inflammatory asthma were included in the post hoc analysis. Of these patients, 236 were randomized to receive dupilumab and 114 to receive placebo.</p><p class="pb-2"></p><p class="pb-2">In total, 132 patients had experienced 1 prior exacerbation, 107 patients had 2 prior exacerbations, and 111 had 3 or more exacerbations.</p><p class="pb-2"></p><p class="pb-2">At baseline, there were no major differences observed in demographic or disease characteristics between treatment arms, except for the mean (SD) concentration of total allergen-specific immunoglobulin E, which tended to be lower in the placebo group in patients with 1 or 2 prior exacerbations and higher in those with 3 or more exacerbations.</p><p class="pb-2"></p><p class="pb-2">The exacerbation risk was reduced by 78.9% in patients with 1 prior exacerbation, 62.7% in patients with 2 prior exacerbations, and 55.6% in patients with 3 or more prior exacerbations among patients who received dupilumab.</p><p class="pb-2"></p><p class="pb-2">Additionally, dupilumab showed significant improvement in post-BD ppFEV<sub class="text-inherit">1</sub> in all patients with prior exacerbations, reaching significance for patients with FeNO of 20 ppb or more and 1 prior exacerbation (7.59%; 95% CI, 1.38%-13.29%; <em>P </em>= .0173). Dupilumab also improved pre-BD FEV<sub class="text-inherit">1</sub>/FVC ratio across most groups, ranging from 2.59% to 6.42% change from baseline. Furthermore, numerically greater benefits were observed with increasing number of prior exacerbations, with significant improvements in asthma control observed in groups of patients with 3 or more prior exacerbations, regardless of baseline type 2 biomarker levels.</p><p class="pb-2"></p><p class="pb-2">However, 106 (85.5%) patients in the dupilumab group and 35 (74.5%) patients in the placebo reported at least 1 treatment-emergent adverse event. Overall, dupilumab demonstrated an acceptable safety profile.</p><p class="pb-2"></p><p class="pb-2">The researchers acknowledged some limitations to their study, such as it being a post hoc analysis, there being a small sample size of some groups, and that the etiology of the exacerbations in this analysis was unknown.</p><p class="pb-2"></p><p class="pb-2">Despite these limitations, “in pediatric patients with uncontrolled, moderate to severe asthma with a type 2 phenotype, dupilumab consistently reduced the risk of asthma exacerbations, improved lung function (pre-BD ppFEV<sub class="text-inherit">1</sub> and pre-BD FEV<sub class="text-inherit">1</sub>/FVC ratio), and reduced ACQ-7-IA scores, regardless of exacerbation history,” wrote the researchers.</p><p class="pb-2"></p><p class="pb-2"><strong>Reference</strong></p><p class="pb-2">Guilbert TW, Tolcachier A, Fiocchi AG, et al. Impact of exacerbation history on dupilumab efficacy in children with uncontrolled moderate-to-severe asthma: LIBERTY ASTHMA VOYAGE Study. <em>J Asthma Allergy</em>. 2024;17:143-159. doi:10.2147/JAA.S416292</p><p class="pb-2"></p><p class="pb-2"></p><p class="pb-2"></p></div></div><div class="flex items-center lg:w-3/4 mb-4 pb-12"></div><div class="jsx-19ede9f0a5a45918 py-4 relative bg-primary md:px-8 -ml-6 xs:ml-0 w-screen xs:w-auto"><div class="jsx-19ede9f0a5a45918 px-4 sm:px-0"><div class="flex justify-between items-center py-1 space-x-4 border-0 select-none sm:border-b border-secondary"><div class="text-3xl text-white text-lg sm:text-3xl">Related Videos</div></div></div><div style="scroll-snap-type:none" class="jsx-19ede9f0a5a45918 flex items-start overflow-x-auto space-x-4 py-4 relative mx-auto w-full pl-4"><a id="" class="w-[200px] h-fit space-y-3 flex-none select-none no-underline" style="scroll-snap-align:center;text-decoration:none" 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loading="lazy"/></noscript></span></div><div class="w-full flex-wrap text-center text-sm mt-4 font-light no-underline text-white"></div></a></div></div><div class="relative block sm:hidden"><div class="mt-4 overflow-hidden"><div class="flex justify-between"><div class="flex items-center clear-both pt-4 pb-2 text-3xl lg:text-2xl xl:text-3xl min-w-fit ">Related Content </div><div class="hidden lg:flex w-full flex-col justify-end items-end"><div class="hidden w-full lg:flex flex-wrap pb-2 gap-x-2 gap-y-1 justify-end items-end"></div></div></div><div class="w-full mb-2 border border-secondary"></div><div class="lg:hidden flex flex-wrap items-center"></div><div class="flex flex-wrap w-full"><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 w-full h-full"><div><div><div class="text-[8px] text-center text-gray-500 hidden">Advertisement</div><div id="div-gpt-ad-infeed-1"></div></div></div><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 flex flex-col sm:flex-row justify-between my-4 "><a class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850" href="/view/survey-explores-needs-of-patients-with-dmd-bmd-transitioning-to-adulthood?utm_source=www.ajmc.com&utm_medium=relatedContent"><img src="https://cdn.sanity.io/images/0vv8moc6/ajmc/674b4a7f2c7cd38a9d9029d5d6430eaccac96d0d-5150x3648.jpg?fit=crop&auto=format" alt="Activities of daily life, education, and employment were areas of difficulty in the transition to adulthood for patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy or Becker muscular dystrophy. | Image credit: Nana_studio - stock.adobe.com" width="288" class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 max-h-[200px] xs:w-[288px] "/></a><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 article-detail flex flex-col gap-[0.2rem] w-full sm:w-[46%] md:w-[65%]"><span class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 article-publish-date block italic text-sm text-gray-500 mt-[1rem] sm:mt-0">February 28th 2025</span><p class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 article-title font-bold text-[1rem]"><a class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850" href="/view/survey-explores-needs-of-patients-with-dmd-bmd-transitioning-to-adulthood?utm_source=www.ajmc.com&utm_medium=relatedContent">Survey Explores Needs of Patients With DMD, BMD Transitioning to Adulthood</a></p><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 authors flex-row wrap gap-[0.2rem]"><a class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 text-[#00ADEF] underline text-sm italic" href="/authors/rose-mcnulty">Rose McNulty</a></div><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 article-summary"><a class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850" href="/view/survey-explores-needs-of-patients-with-dmd-bmd-transitioning-to-adulthood?utm_source=www.ajmc.com&utm_medium=relatedContent"><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 text-sm text-gray-500 py-1">Activities of daily life, education, and employment were areas of difficulty in the transition to adulthood for patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) or Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD), but those who had more siblings reported being more ready to transition to adult life. </div></a></div></div></div><div style="border-bottom:1px solid #CCCCCC" class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850"></div></div><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 w-full h-full"><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 flex flex-col sm:flex-row justify-between my-4 "><a class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850" href="/view/five-years-later-ongoing-covid-19-challenges-next-steps?utm_source=www.ajmc.com&utm_medium=relatedContent"><img src="https://cdn.sanity.io/images/0vv8moc6/ajmc/4d74ae04b0508977864936ec08f2aaa199758e5c-1000x563.jpg?fit=crop&auto=format" alt="managed care cast logo" width="288" class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 max-h-[200px] xs:w-[288px] "/></a><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 article-detail flex flex-col gap-[0.2rem] w-full sm:w-[46%] md:w-[65%]"><span class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 article-publish-date block italic text-sm text-gray-500 mt-[1rem] sm:mt-0">December 23rd 2024</span><p class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 article-title font-bold text-[1rem]"><a class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850" href="/view/five-years-later-ongoing-covid-19-challenges-next-steps?utm_source=www.ajmc.com&utm_medium=relatedContent">Five Years Later: Ongoing COVID-19 Challenges, Next Steps</a></p><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 authors flex-row wrap gap-[0.2rem]"><a class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 text-[#00ADEF] underline text-sm italic" href="/authors/brooke-mccormick">Brooke McCormick</a></div><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 article-summary"><a class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850" href="/view/five-years-later-ongoing-covid-19-challenges-next-steps?utm_source=www.ajmc.com&utm_medium=relatedContent"><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 text-sm text-gray-500 py-1">On this episode of Managed Care Cast, we speak with Jenny Han, MD, of Emory School of Medicine and Grady Hospital, about COVID-19, long COVID, and strategies for prevention and care.</div></a></div></div></div><div style="border-bottom:1px solid #CCCCCC" class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850"></div></div><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 w-full h-full"><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 flex md:hidden justify-center items-center"></div><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 flex flex-col sm:flex-row justify-between my-4 "><a class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850" href="/view/ra-specific-physical-activity-resources-provide-guidance-but-need-improvement?utm_source=www.ajmc.com&utm_medium=relatedContent"><img src="https://cdn.sanity.io/images/0vv8moc6/ajmc/74b2579c7380e3199304eca1f24e9a56f923c816-5288x3149.jpg?fit=crop&auto=format" alt="Older White male exercising | Image Credit: Halfpoint - stock.adobe.com" width="288" class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 max-h-[200px] xs:w-[288px] "/></a><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 article-detail flex flex-col gap-[0.2rem] w-full sm:w-[46%] md:w-[65%]"><span class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 article-publish-date block italic text-sm text-gray-500 mt-[1rem] sm:mt-0">February 26th 2025</span><p class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 article-title font-bold text-[1rem]"><a class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850" href="/view/ra-specific-physical-activity-resources-provide-guidance-but-need-improvement?utm_source=www.ajmc.com&utm_medium=relatedContent">RA-Specific Physical Activity Resources Provide Guidance but Need Improvement</a></p><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 authors flex-row wrap gap-[0.2rem]"><a class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 text-[#00ADEF] underline text-sm italic" href="/authors/brooke-mccormick">Brooke McCormick</a></div><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 article-summary"><a class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850" href="/view/ra-specific-physical-activity-resources-provide-guidance-but-need-improvement?utm_source=www.ajmc.com&utm_medium=relatedContent"><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 text-sm text-gray-500 py-1">An extensive library of physical activity resources will better support the different needs, capabilities, and considerations of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), according to the researchers.</div></a></div></div></div><div style="border-bottom:1px solid #CCCCCC" class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850"></div></div><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 w-full h-full"><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 flex flex-col sm:flex-row justify-between my-4 "><a class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850" href="/view/diving-into-patient-preferences-for-blood-cancer-treatments-with-dr-sikander-ailawadhi?utm_source=www.ajmc.com&utm_medium=relatedContent"><img src="https://cdn.sanity.io/images/0vv8moc6/ajmc/4d74ae04b0508977864936ec08f2aaa199758e5c-1000x563.jpg?fit=crop&auto=format" alt="Diving Into Patient Preferences for Blood Cancer Treatments With Dr Sikander Ailawadhi" width="288" class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 max-h-[200px] xs:w-[288px] "/></a><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 article-detail flex flex-col gap-[0.2rem] w-full sm:w-[46%] md:w-[65%]"><span class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 article-publish-date block italic text-sm text-gray-500 mt-[1rem] sm:mt-0">December 17th 2024</span><p class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 article-title font-bold text-[1rem]"><a class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850" href="/view/diving-into-patient-preferences-for-blood-cancer-treatments-with-dr-sikander-ailawadhi?utm_source=www.ajmc.com&utm_medium=relatedContent">Diving Into Patient Preferences for Blood Cancer Treatments With Dr Sikander Ailawadhi</a></p><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 authors flex-row wrap gap-[0.2rem]"></div><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 article-summary"><a class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850" href="/view/diving-into-patient-preferences-for-blood-cancer-treatments-with-dr-sikander-ailawadhi?utm_source=www.ajmc.com&utm_medium=relatedContent"><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 text-sm text-gray-500 py-1">Three abstracts presented at the 2024 American Society of Hematology annual meeting focused on patient preferences and treatment choices in blood cancers.</div></a></div></div></div><div style="border-bottom:1px solid #CCCCCC" class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850"></div></div><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 w-full h-full"><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 flex flex-col sm:flex-row justify-between my-4 "><a class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850" href="/view/cetuximab-plus-chemotherapy-may-improve-colorectal-cancer-outcomes?utm_source=www.ajmc.com&utm_medium=relatedContent"><img src="https://cdn.sanity.io/images/0vv8moc6/ajmc/a449372b842fa091a8f9dbcc86f528cc0c04b2a2-2931x2093.jpg?fit=crop&auto=format" alt="Blue cancer ribbon | Image credit: Chinnapong - stock.adobe.com" width="288" class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 max-h-[200px] xs:w-[288px] "/></a><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 article-detail flex flex-col gap-[0.2rem] w-full sm:w-[46%] md:w-[65%]"><span class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 article-publish-date block italic text-sm text-gray-500 mt-[1rem] sm:mt-0">February 26th 2025</span><p class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 article-title font-bold text-[1rem]"><a class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850" href="/view/cetuximab-plus-chemotherapy-may-improve-colorectal-cancer-outcomes?utm_source=www.ajmc.com&utm_medium=relatedContent">Cetuximab Plus Chemotherapy May Improve Colorectal Cancer Outcomes</a></p><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 authors flex-row wrap gap-[0.2rem]"><a class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 text-[#00ADEF] underline text-sm italic" href="/authors/pearl-steinzor">Pearl Steinzor</a></div><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 article-summary"><a class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850" href="/view/cetuximab-plus-chemotherapy-may-improve-colorectal-cancer-outcomes?utm_source=www.ajmc.com&utm_medium=relatedContent"><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 text-sm text-gray-500 py-1">When combined with chemotherapy, cetuximab shows promising efficacy for optimizing treatment strategies for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.</div></a></div></div></div><div style="border-bottom:1px solid #CCCCCC" class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850"></div></div><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 w-full h-full"><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 flex flex-col sm:flex-row justify-between my-4 "><a class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850" href="/view/dry-eye-symptom-frequency-severity-reduced-when-using-perfluorohexyloctane?utm_source=www.ajmc.com&utm_medium=relatedContent"><img src="https://cdn.sanity.io/images/0vv8moc6/ajmc/1894bd996bf6d6ca2f58244ae21312309d0d370b-6000x4000.jpg?fit=crop&auto=format" alt="Eye drops | Image credit: lllonajalll - stock.adobe.com" width="288" class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 max-h-[200px] xs:w-[288px] "/></a><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 article-detail flex flex-col gap-[0.2rem] w-full sm:w-[46%] md:w-[65%]"><span class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 article-publish-date block italic text-sm text-gray-500 mt-[1rem] sm:mt-0">Published: February 25th 2025 | Updated: February 25th 2025</span><p class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 article-title font-bold text-[1rem]"><a class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850" href="/view/dry-eye-symptom-frequency-severity-reduced-when-using-perfluorohexyloctane?utm_source=www.ajmc.com&utm_medium=relatedContent">Dry Eye Symptom Frequency, Severity Reduced When Using Perfluorohexyloctane</a></p><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 authors flex-row wrap gap-[0.2rem]"><a class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 text-[#00ADEF] underline text-sm italic" href="/authors/julia-bonavitacola">Julia Bonavitacola</a></div><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 article-summary"><a class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850" href="/view/dry-eye-symptom-frequency-severity-reduced-when-using-perfluorohexyloctane?utm_source=www.ajmc.com&utm_medium=relatedContent"><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 text-sm text-gray-500 py-1">Perfluorohexyloctane ophthalmic solution had high treatment satisfaction in those who took it for dry eye.</div></a></div></div></div><div style="border-bottom:1px solid #CCCCCC" class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="relative hidden sm:block"><div class="mt-4 overflow-hidden"><div class="flex justify-between"><div class="flex items-center clear-both pt-4 pb-2 text-3xl lg:text-2xl xl:text-3xl min-w-fit ">Related Content </div><div class="hidden 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Duchenne muscular dystrophy or Becker muscular dystrophy. | Image credit: Nana_studio - stock.adobe.com" width="288" class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 max-h-[200px] xs:w-[288px] "/></a><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 article-detail flex flex-col gap-[0.2rem] w-full sm:w-[46%] md:w-[65%]"><span class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 article-publish-date block italic text-sm text-gray-500 mt-[1rem] sm:mt-0">February 28th 2025</span><p class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 article-title font-bold text-[1rem]"><a class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850" href="/view/survey-explores-needs-of-patients-with-dmd-bmd-transitioning-to-adulthood?utm_source=www.ajmc.com&utm_medium=relatedContent">Survey Explores Needs of Patients With DMD, BMD Transitioning to Adulthood</a></p><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 authors flex-row wrap gap-[0.2rem]"><a class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 text-[#00ADEF] underline text-sm italic" href="/authors/rose-mcnulty">Rose McNulty</a></div><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 article-summary"><a class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850" href="/view/survey-explores-needs-of-patients-with-dmd-bmd-transitioning-to-adulthood?utm_source=www.ajmc.com&utm_medium=relatedContent"><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 text-sm text-gray-500 py-1">Activities of daily life, education, and employment were areas of difficulty in the transition to adulthood for patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) or Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD), but those who had more siblings reported being more ready to transition to adult life. </div></a></div></div></div><div style="border-bottom:1px solid #CCCCCC" class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850"></div></div><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 w-full h-full"><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 flex flex-col sm:flex-row justify-between my-4 "><a class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850" href="/view/five-years-later-ongoing-covid-19-challenges-next-steps?utm_source=www.ajmc.com&utm_medium=relatedContent"><img src="https://cdn.sanity.io/images/0vv8moc6/ajmc/4d74ae04b0508977864936ec08f2aaa199758e5c-1000x563.jpg?fit=crop&auto=format" alt="managed care cast logo" width="288" class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 max-h-[200px] xs:w-[288px] "/></a><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 article-detail flex flex-col gap-[0.2rem] w-full sm:w-[46%] md:w-[65%]"><span class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 article-publish-date block italic text-sm text-gray-500 mt-[1rem] sm:mt-0">December 23rd 2024</span><p class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 article-title font-bold text-[1rem]"><a class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850" href="/view/five-years-later-ongoing-covid-19-challenges-next-steps?utm_source=www.ajmc.com&utm_medium=relatedContent">Five Years Later: Ongoing COVID-19 Challenges, Next Steps</a></p><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 authors flex-row wrap gap-[0.2rem]"><a class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 text-[#00ADEF] underline text-sm italic" href="/authors/brooke-mccormick">Brooke McCormick</a></div><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 article-summary"><a class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850" href="/view/five-years-later-ongoing-covid-19-challenges-next-steps?utm_source=www.ajmc.com&utm_medium=relatedContent"><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 text-sm text-gray-500 py-1">On this episode of Managed Care Cast, we speak with Jenny Han, MD, of Emory School of Medicine and Grady Hospital, about COVID-19, long COVID, and strategies for prevention and care.</div></a></div></div></div><div style="border-bottom:1px solid #CCCCCC" class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850"></div></div><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 w-full h-full"><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 flex md:hidden justify-center items-center"></div><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 flex flex-col sm:flex-row justify-between my-4 "><a class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850" href="/view/ra-specific-physical-activity-resources-provide-guidance-but-need-improvement?utm_source=www.ajmc.com&utm_medium=relatedContent"><img src="https://cdn.sanity.io/images/0vv8moc6/ajmc/74b2579c7380e3199304eca1f24e9a56f923c816-5288x3149.jpg?fit=crop&auto=format" alt="Older White male exercising | Image Credit: Halfpoint - stock.adobe.com" width="288" class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 max-h-[200px] xs:w-[288px] "/></a><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 article-detail flex flex-col gap-[0.2rem] w-full sm:w-[46%] md:w-[65%]"><span class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 article-publish-date block italic text-sm text-gray-500 mt-[1rem] sm:mt-0">February 26th 2025</span><p class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 article-title font-bold text-[1rem]"><a class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850" href="/view/ra-specific-physical-activity-resources-provide-guidance-but-need-improvement?utm_source=www.ajmc.com&utm_medium=relatedContent">RA-Specific Physical Activity Resources Provide Guidance but Need Improvement</a></p><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 authors flex-row wrap gap-[0.2rem]"><a class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 text-[#00ADEF] underline text-sm italic" href="/authors/brooke-mccormick">Brooke McCormick</a></div><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 article-summary"><a class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850" href="/view/ra-specific-physical-activity-resources-provide-guidance-but-need-improvement?utm_source=www.ajmc.com&utm_medium=relatedContent"><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 text-sm text-gray-500 py-1">An extensive library of physical activity resources will better support the different needs, capabilities, and considerations of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), according to the researchers.</div></a></div></div></div><div style="border-bottom:1px solid #CCCCCC" class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850"></div></div><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 w-full h-full"><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 flex flex-col sm:flex-row justify-between my-4 "><a class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850" href="/view/diving-into-patient-preferences-for-blood-cancer-treatments-with-dr-sikander-ailawadhi?utm_source=www.ajmc.com&utm_medium=relatedContent"><img src="https://cdn.sanity.io/images/0vv8moc6/ajmc/4d74ae04b0508977864936ec08f2aaa199758e5c-1000x563.jpg?fit=crop&auto=format" alt="Diving Into Patient Preferences for Blood Cancer Treatments With Dr Sikander Ailawadhi" width="288" class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 max-h-[200px] xs:w-[288px] "/></a><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 article-detail flex flex-col gap-[0.2rem] w-full sm:w-[46%] md:w-[65%]"><span class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 article-publish-date block italic text-sm text-gray-500 mt-[1rem] sm:mt-0">December 17th 2024</span><p class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 article-title font-bold text-[1rem]"><a class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850" href="/view/diving-into-patient-preferences-for-blood-cancer-treatments-with-dr-sikander-ailawadhi?utm_source=www.ajmc.com&utm_medium=relatedContent">Diving Into Patient Preferences for Blood Cancer Treatments With Dr Sikander Ailawadhi</a></p><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 authors flex-row wrap gap-[0.2rem]"></div><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 article-summary"><a class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850" href="/view/diving-into-patient-preferences-for-blood-cancer-treatments-with-dr-sikander-ailawadhi?utm_source=www.ajmc.com&utm_medium=relatedContent"><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 text-sm text-gray-500 py-1">Three abstracts presented at the 2024 American Society of Hematology annual meeting focused on patient preferences and treatment choices in blood cancers.</div></a></div></div></div><div style="border-bottom:1px solid #CCCCCC" class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850"></div></div><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 w-full h-full"><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 flex flex-col sm:flex-row justify-between my-4 "><a class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850" href="/view/cetuximab-plus-chemotherapy-may-improve-colorectal-cancer-outcomes?utm_source=www.ajmc.com&utm_medium=relatedContent"><img src="https://cdn.sanity.io/images/0vv8moc6/ajmc/a449372b842fa091a8f9dbcc86f528cc0c04b2a2-2931x2093.jpg?fit=crop&auto=format" alt="Blue cancer ribbon | Image credit: Chinnapong - stock.adobe.com" width="288" class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 max-h-[200px] xs:w-[288px] "/></a><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 article-detail flex flex-col gap-[0.2rem] w-full sm:w-[46%] md:w-[65%]"><span class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 article-publish-date block italic text-sm text-gray-500 mt-[1rem] sm:mt-0">February 26th 2025</span><p class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 article-title font-bold text-[1rem]"><a class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850" href="/view/cetuximab-plus-chemotherapy-may-improve-colorectal-cancer-outcomes?utm_source=www.ajmc.com&utm_medium=relatedContent">Cetuximab Plus Chemotherapy May Improve Colorectal Cancer Outcomes</a></p><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 authors flex-row wrap gap-[0.2rem]"><a class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 text-[#00ADEF] underline text-sm italic" href="/authors/pearl-steinzor">Pearl Steinzor</a></div><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 article-summary"><a class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850" href="/view/cetuximab-plus-chemotherapy-may-improve-colorectal-cancer-outcomes?utm_source=www.ajmc.com&utm_medium=relatedContent"><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 text-sm text-gray-500 py-1">When combined with chemotherapy, cetuximab shows promising efficacy for optimizing treatment strategies for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer.</div></a></div></div></div><div style="border-bottom:1px solid #CCCCCC" class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850"></div></div><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 w-full h-full"><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 flex flex-col sm:flex-row justify-between my-4 "><a class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850" href="/view/dry-eye-symptom-frequency-severity-reduced-when-using-perfluorohexyloctane?utm_source=www.ajmc.com&utm_medium=relatedContent"><img src="https://cdn.sanity.io/images/0vv8moc6/ajmc/1894bd996bf6d6ca2f58244ae21312309d0d370b-6000x4000.jpg?fit=crop&auto=format" alt="Eye drops | Image credit: lllonajalll - stock.adobe.com" width="288" class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 max-h-[200px] xs:w-[288px] "/></a><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 article-detail flex flex-col gap-[0.2rem] w-full sm:w-[46%] md:w-[65%]"><span class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 article-publish-date block italic text-sm text-gray-500 mt-[1rem] sm:mt-0">Published: February 25th 2025 | Updated: February 25th 2025</span><p class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 article-title font-bold text-[1rem]"><a class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850" href="/view/dry-eye-symptom-frequency-severity-reduced-when-using-perfluorohexyloctane?utm_source=www.ajmc.com&utm_medium=relatedContent">Dry Eye Symptom Frequency, Severity Reduced When Using Perfluorohexyloctane</a></p><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 authors flex-row wrap gap-[0.2rem]"><a class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 text-[#00ADEF] underline text-sm italic" href="/authors/julia-bonavitacola">Julia Bonavitacola</a></div><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 article-summary"><a class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850" href="/view/dry-eye-symptom-frequency-severity-reduced-when-using-perfluorohexyloctane?utm_source=www.ajmc.com&utm_medium=relatedContent"><div class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850 text-sm text-gray-500 py-1">Perfluorohexyloctane ophthalmic solution had high treatment satisfaction in those who took it for dry eye.</div></a></div></div></div><div style="border-bottom:1px solid #CCCCCC" class="jsx-ad50481d5ee26850"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="pb-24"></div></div><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"NewsArticle","headline":"Dupilumab Reduces Asthma Symptoms Regardless of Exacerbation History, Study Finds","datePublished":"2024-03-25T21:11:08.053Z","dateModified":"2024-03-25T21:11:12Z","inLanguage":"en-US","image":"https://cdn.sanity.io/images/0vv8moc6/ajmc/e8d94af2f6477f46defb2fea3a348b92e342cb88-4073x3055.jpg?fit=crop&auto=format","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://www.ajmc.com/view/dupilumab-reduces-asthma-symptoms-regardless-of-exacerbation-history-study-finds"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"AJMC","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://www.ajmc.com/ajmc_logo_inverted.png"}},"keywords":"asthma,dupilumab,exacerbation ,exacerbation history","articleBody":"Dupilumab was shown to consistently reduce the risk of serious asthma exacerbations, improve lung function, and reduce Asthma Control Questionnaire 7 Interviewer-Administered (ACQ-7-IA) score, regardless of exacerbation history.\n\n\n\nThis post hoc analysis of the phase 3 VOYAGE study (NCT02948959) is published in Journal of Asthma and Allergy.\n\n\n\n“As higher numbers of prior exacerbations are associated with a greater risk of future exacerbations, our findings suggest that dupilumab is efficacious in reducing risk of exacerbations even among patients with the highest number of prior exacerbations analyzed, who tend to be at the greatest risk of future exacerbations,” wrote the researchers of the study.\n\n\n\nThe analysis included patients who participated in VOYAGE and had a type 2 inflammatory asthma phenotype at study baseline. Patients were categorized into 15 subgroups, including 3 according to the number of exacerbations experienced in the year prior to the study, as well level of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) or blood eosinophil count at baseline.\n\n\n\nEfficacy end points were the annualized rate of severe exacerbations at the end of the 52-week treatment period, the proportion of children without exacerbations, and change in lung function parameters from baseline, which included ACQ-7-IA scores, percent predicted forced expiratory volume per 1 second (ppFEV1), and pre- and postbronchodilator (BD) FEV1/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC).\n\n\n\nA total of 408 participants underwent randomization in VOYAGE, in which 350 patients with type 2 inflammatory asthma were included in the post hoc analysis. Of these patients, 236 were randomized to receive dupilumab and 114 to receive placebo.\n\n\n\nIn total, 132 patients had experienced 1 prior exacerbation, 107 patients had 2 prior exacerbations, and 111 had 3 or more exacerbations.\n\n\n\nAt baseline, there were no major differences observed in demographic or disease characteristics between treatment arms, except for the mean (SD) concentration of total allergen-specific immunoglobulin E, which tended to be lower in the placebo group in patients with 1 or 2 prior exacerbations and higher in those with 3 or more exacerbations.\n\n\n\nThe exacerbation risk was reduced by 78.9% in patients with 1 prior exacerbation, 62.7% in patients with 2 prior exacerbations, and 55.6% in patients with 3 or more prior exacerbations among patients who received dupilumab.\n\n\n\nAdditionally, dupilumab showed significant improvement in post-BD ppFEV1 in all patients with prior exacerbations, reaching significance for patients with FeNO of 20 ppb or more and 1 prior exacerbation (7.59%; 95% CI, 1.38%-13.29%; P = .0173). Dupilumab also improved pre-BD FEV1/FVC ratio across most groups, ranging from 2.59% to 6.42% change from baseline. Furthermore, numerically greater benefits were observed with increasing number of prior exacerbations, with significant improvements in asthma control observed in groups of patients with 3 or more prior exacerbations, regardless of baseline type 2 biomarker levels.\n\n\n\nHowever, 106 (85.5%) patients in the dupilumab group and 35 (74.5%) patients in the placebo reported at least 1 treatment-emergent adverse event. Overall, dupilumab demonstrated an acceptable safety profile.\n\n\n\nThe researchers acknowledged some limitations to their study, such as it being a post hoc analysis, there being a small sample size of some groups, and that the etiology of the exacerbations in this analysis was unknown.\n\n\n\nDespite these limitations, “in pediatric patients with uncontrolled, moderate to severe asthma with a type 2 phenotype, dupilumab consistently reduced the risk of asthma exacerbations, improved lung function (pre-BD ppFEV1 and pre-BD FEV1/FVC ratio), and reduced ACQ-7-IA scores, regardless of exacerbation history,” wrote the researchers.\n\n\n\nReference\n\nGuilbert TW, Tolcachier A, Fiocchi AG, et al. Impact of exacerbation history on dupilumab efficacy in children with uncontrolled moderate-to-severe asthma: LIBERTY ASTHMA VOYAGE Study. J Asthma Allergy. 2024;17:143-159. doi:10.2147/JAA.S416292\n\n\n\n\n\n","description":"Dupilumab significantly reduced the risk of exacerbations compared with placebo in children with moderate to severe asthma, regardless of exacerbation history.","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Pearl Steinzor"}]}</script></div></div><div class="flex-none w-[300px] z-[9999] relative hidden md:block"><div style="top:5rem" class="sticky custom-spacing"><div class="collapse-container " style="overflow:hidden;max-height:900px;transition:max-height .4s ease-in-out"></div></div></div></div><div id="div-gpt-ad-pixel" style="width:1px;height:1px" class=""></div><noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-NK5KQXS" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript><div id="footerOuterWrap" class=" mx-auto flex"><div class="bg-[#00598D] xl:w-[70%] w-[70%] py-12 pl-auto"><div class="xxl:w-[75%] w-[90%] ml-auto"><div><span 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Despite the benefits of physical activity, patients often lack tailored resources and guidance. An environmental scan of online resources revealed variability in quality, with only 17 out of 33 resources deemed safe and appropriate. Most resources required a higher reading level than recommended, and many lacked actionable advice. The study suggests developing comprehensive resources that empower behavior change and meet diverse patient needs.","body":[{"markDefs":[{"nofollow":true,"blank":true,"_type":"link","href":"https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/15/2/e094220.long","_key":"8308bf75f5af"},{"_key":"a7c851376a22","nofollow":false,"blank":true,"_type":"link","href":"https://www.ajmc.com/compendium/Inflammation"}],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"While some high-quality ","_key":"58e6626d02f2"},{"_key":"75b80b2a327f","_type":"span","marks":["a7c851376a22"],"text":"rheumatoid arthritis"},{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":" (RA)–specific physical activity resources provide actionable advice, overall effectiveness remains an area for improvement, according to a study published in ","_key":"b8657e3e6b09"},{"_type":"span","marks":["8308bf75f5af","em"],"text":"BMJ Open","_key":"1057c9cd0ae5"},{"_type":"span","marks":["em"],"text":".","_key":"4c784842b900"},{"_key":"01a7c2ab5ec5","_type":"span","marks":["sup"],"text":"1"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"6a07b53bb8c3"},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"_key":"b0d5ee60c61d","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":""}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"ea4c61e8d53e"},{"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"eb89ce5d9234","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"The researchers emphasized that effective disease self-management among patients with RA between regularly scheduled follow-up appointments is crucial to quality care. Physical activity is strongly recommended as part of effective RA self-management. Regular physical activity can significantly reduce fatigue, pain, inflammation, and the risk of all-cause mortality or cardiovascular disease.","_key":"166940dfcb58"}]},{"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"07dc4a2bceff","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_key":"e6cef8dd2ef4","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":""}]},{"markDefs":[{"href":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40279-015-0363-2","_key":"486970d2fede","nofollow":true,"blank":true,"_type":"link"}],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"However, patients with RA ","_key":"db4dd2899d34"},{"_type":"span","marks":["486970d2fede"],"text":"lack","_key":"874c8885ac3e"},{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":" disease-specific physical activity resources, rarely receive physical activity advice from their care team, and express doubts about the safety and effectiveness of it.","_key":"652fb310d902"},{"_type":"span","marks":["sup"],"text":"2","_key":"8d4457dc3c3d"},{"_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":" ","_key":"9181e9a0c40b"},{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"The researchers noted that publicly available, RA-specific physical activity resources may help address these problems, but the quality of online health information varies widely.","_key":"69119f7f8f98"},{"_type":"span","marks":["sup"],"text":"1","_key":"13e14270b9d9"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"fedf5d5218c2"},{"asset":{"_ref":"image-74b2579c7380e3199304eca1f24e9a56f923c816-5288x3149-jpg","_type":"reference"},"widthP":40,"alt":"Older White male exercising | Image Credit: Halfpoint - stock.adobe.com","_key":"7019b3f8be22","alignment":"right","disableTextWrap":false,"disableLightBox":true,"imgcaption":[{"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"406bf9b0b637","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_key":"1da5e6e2ed49","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"An extensive library of physical activity resources will better support the different needs, capabilities, and considerations of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), according to the researchers. | Image Credit: Halfpoint - stock.adobe.com"}]}],"_type":"figure"},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"_key":"8638fe46b229","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Therefore, they completed an environmental scan of publicly available physical activity resources for patients with RA to outline their characteristics and evaluate their quality. It was conducted through Google searches, using various combinations of related terms from January to April 2024. Because most online search traffic is on the first 2 results pages, the researchers reviewed all links on these pages plus those on pages 3 through 5 to ensure no relevant resources were missed."}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"c94a99275f82"},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"_key":"0da9445b4467","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":""}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"97c9de5e7b4d"},{"style":"normal","_key":"d73d90d841a2","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Eligible resources were freely available, written in English, developed specifically for patients with RA, and contained at least one physical activity recommendation. Included resources underwent a comprehensive critical appraisal for medical appropriateness, readability, understandability, actionability, quality of exercise recommendations, and the use of behavior change techniques.","_key":"db35b161b06f"}],"_type":"block"},{"style":"normal","_key":"af7a69e9f65a","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"","_key":"fa41ad355844"}],"_type":"block"},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"_key":"f2bb6796d802","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Two independent experts completed a medical review to ensure each resource was safe and appropriate for patients with RA. Only resources that had no concerns across safety and appropriateness were approved as medically suitable for patients with RA. Also, Readability was assessed using the Flesch-Kincaid Reading Grade score. The score ranges from 1 to 18, corresponding to the US school grade reading level required to understand the resource."}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"255ac5929058"},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"","_key":"d8f3e9812b58"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"27122e15c749"},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"_key":"80aa1e66490f","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Next, understandability and actionability were assessed using the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool. The understandability domain evaluated 6 subdomains for content, use of numbers, organization, use of visual aids, word choice and style, and layout and design. On the other hand, actionability measures the degree to which a resource provides actionable steps for patients using the provided information."}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"b06a1bf6ce09"},{"children":[{"text":"","_key":"f58697431804","_type":"span","marks":[]}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"472f82fe916e","markDefs":[]},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Each item was rated as 1 (agree), 0 (disagree), or not applicable by 3 assessors. The researchers calculated mean scores using equal weighting for the consensus score, with a higher percentage indicating better understandability or actionability.","_key":"1c8dbf946eb6"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"fbb7d319677d"},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"","_key":"671080e73e65"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"ce71f5510685"},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Additionally, the quality of exercise recommendations was evaluated by a single expert reviewer. The presence of exercise recommendations, cautions, actionable tips, and tailored advice for patients with RA in each resource was analyzed closely. Similarly, a single reviewer evaluated the presence of physical activity behavior change techniques recorded across 16 groups from the behavior change technique taxonomy; the groups were considered present if one or more techniques from that group were identified.","_key":"5c2c0f623f6c"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"d4e465636845"},{"_key":"d665b50561fa","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"","_key":"00d9e7bb0ee2"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal"},{"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"The initial search yielded 33 potential resources, but only 23 met the inclusion criteria. The medical review determined that only 17 of the 23 resources were appropriate and safe for patients with RA. All 17 resources originated from English-speaking countries: Canada (n = 8), the UK (n = 5), the US (n = 3), and Australia (n = 1). ","_key":"98cad13a8a6a"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"31e5957df15a","markDefs":[]},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"","_key":"e1c7cc10ccb1"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"7d0af1ca76c5"},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Of the resources, 10 were print materials and 7 were audiovisual resources. The involvement of health care professionals was documented in 14 of the 17 resources, but only 6 of the 17 included an interactive component.","_key":"be6b87625347"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"b174e988a044"},{"style":"normal","_key":"d07ce59a9398","markDefs":[],"children":[{"text":"","_key":"3f4edce61547","_type":"span","marks":[]}],"_type":"block"},{"_key":"5ede4c80d993","markDefs":[],"children":[{"text":"The researchers found that the mean (SD) reading grade level of the 10 print resources was grade 9.0 (1.5), while the recommended level is grade 6 or lower. Among the resources, only one met this guideline, while another was slightly above, falling within the 7th-grade range. The remaining materials required a grade 9 or higher reading level.","_key":"a521c5e0d1fb","_type":"span","marks":[]}],"_type":"block","style":"normal"},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"","_key":"bc75db5c0222"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"91f9d6b4d922"},{"_key":"7f0d5beab5b8","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Also, the mean (SD) understandability ratings were 80.0 (9.8) for print materials and 86.0 (9.2) for audiovisual materials. The researchers noted that the mean (SD) accountability ratings were lower for print materials (60.0 [27.7]) than for audiovisual resources (86.9 [22.9]). While all resources scored above 60% for understandability, 50.0% (n = 5) of the print resources and 14.3% (n = 7) of the audiovisual resources had actionability ratings below 60%.","_key":"65839ae91478"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal"},{"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"","_key":"a3c0f7e35dc7"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"6418ddf32448","markDefs":[]},{"style":"normal","_key":"c3cfc3f7d39a","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Additionally, 82.4% (n = 14) of the resources included specific exercise recommendations. Among them, 13 (92.9%) provided guidance on cardiovascular and/or strength exercises, 6 (42.9%) included flexibility exercise recommendations, and 5 (35.7%) gave balance exercise recommendations.","_key":"726e83dac7da"}],"_type":"block"},{"_key":"6a76f06495bc","markDefs":[],"children":[{"text":"","_key":"cf5de3099b0d","_type":"span","marks":[]}],"_type":"block","style":"normal"},{"children":[{"marks":[],"text":"Lastly, in the review of physical activity behavior change techniques, the researchers determined that the mean (SD) number of behavior change groups used was 9.0 (4.4) for PDF resources, 6.3 (4.5) for audiovisual materials, and 5.7 (2.1) for websites. All 16 behavior change groups were included in at least 1 resource, with “identity,” “scheduled consequences,” and “convert learning” being the least common. Conversely, the most frequently used were “shaping knowledge” and “natural consequences.”","_key":"68145ec790a6","_type":"span"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"9e36dfbb6222","markDefs":[]},{"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"cc8e263343ab","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_key":"b14ed74a2da0","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":""}]},{"_key":"cca631640211","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"The researchers acknowledged their study’s limitations, one being that the exercise and behavioral appraisal were completed by one person. Although this individual had significant expertise in the topic areas, potential coding biases may have emerged. Despite their limitations, the researchers used their findings to suggest next steps.","_key":"c61a2b667d02"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal"},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"_key":"71600baf5593","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":""}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"ba86098a6cc7"},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"“More work is needed to create resources that provide complete FITT [frequency, intensity, time, type] recommendations for exercise and go beyond providing knowledge to truly empowering behavior change,” the authors concluded. “…A bigger library of excellent physical activity resources will better support the different needs, capabilities, and considerations of individuals with RA.”","_key":"c0b0fe39ea37"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"b82f25ff3fd6"},{"_key":"807359e71403","markDefs":[],"children":[{"marks":[],"text":"","_key":"d3674a222f1c","_type":"span"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal"},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"_key":"b32582d533ad","_type":"span","marks":["strong"],"text":"References"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"ef3d76161e70"},{"style":"normal","_key":"eec225913080","listItem":"number","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Ester M, Zafar S, Dhiman K, et al. 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The systemic and meta-analysis was published in ","_key":"104b94bd83dd"},{"_type":"span","marks":["em","f55a1bc679dd"],"text":"BMC Cancer","_key":"68ebce3f9b76"},{"_type":"span","marks":["em"],"text":".","_key":"a4f4db404c56"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"87243968bf66","markDefs":[{"nofollow":true,"blank":true,"_type":"link","href":"https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12885-025-13515-3#Sec17","_key":"f55a1bc679dd"}]},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"","_key":"bb1d6641d7a4"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"a6fc3b3fd3cb"},{"style":"normal","_key":"0ee2133fa6ac","markDefs":[],"children":[{"text":"“Monoclonal antibodies are effective therapeutic options in mCRC treatment,” wrote the researchers of the study. “Cetuximab, an anti-","_key":"e51e60f0f427","_type":"span","marks":[]},{"text":"EGFR ","_key":"45a229715114","_type":"span","marks":["em"]},{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"monoclonal antibody, demonstrated a significant advancement in managing mCRC when combined with various chemotherapy regimens. When used in conjunction with chemotherapy, cetuximab had a better prognosis for patients with CRC who had metastases by improving both overall and progression-free survival.”","_key":"f7c8480ee44d"}],"_type":"block"},{"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"","_key":"9b1c8d89a320"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"77906703fb6e","markDefs":[]},{"_key":"2117e9792a6e","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Cetuximab was approved in 2004 to treat patients with advanced CRC that has spread to other parts of the body, making it the first monoclonal antibody approved to treat this type of cancer.","_key":"35e29c9ef743"},{"_type":"span","marks":["sup"],"text":"2","_key":"898921955a59"},{"marks":[],"text":" In December 2024, the FDA approved encorafenib with cetuximab and mFOLFOX6 for mCRC with ","_key":"84f7011e4d74","_type":"span"},{"_type":"span","marks":["em"],"text":"BRAF","_key":"f41c4fffd737"},{"_key":"098dab6e18f8","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":" V600E mutation, based on BREAKWATER trial (NCT04607421) results."},{"text":"3","_key":"5b3fc77717f8","_type":"span","marks":["sup"]}],"_type":"block","style":"normal"},{"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"f800c1df7aca","markDefs":[],"children":[{"marks":[],"text":"","_key":"c60be5c43d9f","_type":"span"}]},{"style":"normal","_key":"49d7fd832790","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"In this study, the researchers searched PubMed and Google Scholar for studies on mCRC treatment with anti-","_key":"91fe532c788b"},{"_type":"span","marks":["em"],"text":"EGFR ","_key":"745e8d5c694f"},{"marks":[],"text":"therapy.","_key":"2cc9a23372b7","_type":"span"},{"_type":"span","marks":["sup"],"text":"1 ","_key":"50a3488dec39"},{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Primary outcomes included PFS and OS, standardized across studies. Data extraction was independently conducted by 2 reviewers, with discrepancies resolved through discussion. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Statistical analysis employed fixed- or random-effects models based on heterogeneity, with subgroup analysis and funnel plots used to assess bias.","_key":"ae0b8b6c86f9"}],"_type":"block"},{"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"","_key":"268319dcd4bf"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"85f25706c65c","markDefs":[]},{"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"3e54267e07b5","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"A total of 25 studies were included in the analysis, with 3788 patients with mCRC, aged 18 to 77 years. Patients receiving cetuximab plus chemotherapy showed significantly improved PFS (HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.63–0.96, ","_key":"ddd5f168accf"},{"_key":"ae082fd0587d","_type":"span","marks":["em"],"text":"P "},{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"\u003c .01, I² = 38%) and OS (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.60–0.91, ","_key":"dfba177f2ce5"},{"_type":"span","marks":["em"],"text":"P","_key":"ce27485e8a05"},{"_key":"3e7dcfc333e1","_type":"span","marks":[],"text":" \u003c .01, I² = 47%) compared with controls. Subgroup analysis of randomized controlled trials confirmed these benefits, with consistent HRs for PFS (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.62–0.93) and OS (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.61–0.88), reinforcing cetuximab’s efficacy."}]},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"","_key":"073306e18876"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"6e87fe10225c"},{"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"d231c7a9ed52","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"However, the researchers noted some limitations. First, small sample sizes in some studies may have influenced outcomes, and the inclusion of both retrospective and prospective studies could impact result accuracy. Second, methodological differences—such as study design, patient characteristics, treatment protocols, and follow-up periods—contributed to heterogeneity. Third, restricting the analysis to English-language publications introduces potential publication bias. Lastly, the findings relied on HRs, but not all studies reported these with corresponding confidence intervals, particularly for OS, which may have affected result reliability.","_key":"5274e20d4c04"}]},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"","_key":"75d271b01c69"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"d209927fdfa4"},{"style":"normal","_key":"82e628bf1d87","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Despite these findings, the researchers believe the study demonstrated significant benefits of combining cetuximab with chemotherapy for patients with mCRC.","_key":"40abfae264e3"}],"_type":"block"},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"","_key":"322ac9687363"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"7163d627ecbb"},{"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"f417b902f17c","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"“The cetuximab-based therapy is associated with a substantial improvement in progression-free survival and overall survival compared to chemotherapy alone,” wrote the researchers. “Our meta-analysis justifies the useful addition of cetuximab to standard chemotherapy regimens for mCRC. 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A meta-analysis of 25 studies involving 3788 patients confirmed these benefits, with consistent hazard ratios for PFS and OS. Despite limitations such as small sample sizes and methodological differences, the study supports cetuximab's efficacy as a valuable addition to standard chemotherapy regimens. 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Participants, primarily women and predominantly white, reported substantial improvements in symptoms such as eye dryness, irritation, and blurred vision after using PFHO for 14 days. Satisfaction with the treatment increased over time, with most patients describing it as silky and soothing. Despite the study's limitations, including lack of a control group and limited diversity, PFHO was deemed effective and safe for DED symptom management.","authorMapping":[{"_type":"author","biography":[{"markDefs":[{"_type":"link","href":"https://www.linkedin.com/in/julia-bonavitacola-b5aa63171/","_key":"d45285824c6f"}],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"Julia is an associate editor for The American Journal of Managed Care® (AJMC®) and joined AJMC® in 2022. 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PFHO is an FDA-approved ophthalmic solution used to treat DED that can form a lasting barrier to stop tear evaporation. This study aimed to evaluate how PFHO worked in patients after 2 weeks of receiving the treatment.","_key":"33e626b41481","_type":"span","marks":[]},{"_type":"span","marks":["sup"],"text":"1","_key":"5b4907400934"}],"_type":"block"},{"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"07ba503c85b2","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"","_key":"f473e1c12901"}]},{"style":"normal","_key":"c0db2574c394","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"This study was conducted in 6 sites across the US from February 2024 to June 2024. All participants were 18 years and or, had a self-reported history of DED for at least 6 months, had an Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score of 25 or more, had a tear film breakup time of 5 or less seconds, had a total corneal fluorescein staining score between 4 and 11, had a Schirmer I test of 5 mm or more without anesthesia, and had a total Meibomian gland dysfunction score of 3 or more. 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All participants were given surveys to report their treatment satisfaction along with the severity and frequency of their symptoms. The survey was completed on days 1, 3, 7, and 14. Symptoms of dry eye included eye dryness, eye itching, eye pain, burning/stinging, light sensitivity, eye irritation, eye tiredness, and blurred vision. All symptoms were rated on a 0 to 100 visual analog scale (VAS) for severity, with 100 being the most severe. Frequency of symptoms was defined as the percentage of time that a patient experienced the symptom. Satisfaction was rated from 0 to 100, with 100 being extremely satisfied.","_key":"75e947cdc021"}],"_type":"block"},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"","_key":"f7708e0310f9"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"73d4b4af5924"},{"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"fff57b104c44","markDefs":[],"children":[{"marks":[],"text":"There were 99 patients included in this study, with 85.9% being women and 90.9% being White. The age of the participants ranged from 35 to 81 years, and 98.0% of the patients had a treatment adherence rate of 90% to 120%. Eye pain was the only symptom not reported, whereas eye dryness was the most frequently reported (28.3%). Blurred vision (17.2%), light sensitivity (13.1%), eye irritation (14.1%), burning/stinging (11.1%), eye tiredness (12.1%), and eye itching (4.0%) were all reported.","_key":"58e4d3ba881d","_type":"span"}]},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"text":"","_key":"ee0072973389","_type":"span","marks":[]}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"daac1686feae"},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"text":"The mean (SD) VAS was 72.1 (17.0) at baseline and decreased to 24.7 (23.0) after 14 days. All symptoms of dry eye saw similar reductions in severity across all patients. The percent reduction of severity compared with baseline was 62% to 75% after 14 days. The mean frequency of symptoms decreased from 77.9% at baseline to 34.7% after 14 days, which included a decrease in observed frequency from 77.6% at baseline to 27.6% after 14 days.","_key":"3dea7a90189f","_type":"span","marks":[]}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"a736109a7711"},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"The mean OSDI score decreased from baseline to day 14 and median VAS score for treatment satisfaction increased from 75.0 5 min after installation on day 1 to 90.0 after 14 days. Patients primarily described the treatment as silky (68.7%), smooth (67.7%), and soothing (65.7%), with few reports of stinging (6.1%), irritation (4.0%), and burning (2.0%). Only 1 adverse event was reported, with the adverse symptom of eye pain not being related to the medication.","_key":"61f808bf7ed8"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"0a4bee07c70c"},{"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"","_key":"aecdd44ef20b"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"6bfcc273432e","markDefs":[]},{"markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"The study had several limitations. This was an open-label study with no control group to compare against. Clinical signs of DED were also not evaluated. The study group was not diverse, with most of the patients being White. The reduction in eye dryness was higher in this study compared with the randomized controlled trials, but signs and symptoms of DED are not always correlated, which leaves the effects of PFHO on the clinical signs of DED unknown. 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Early patient symptom relief is critically important in dry eye management, and as you can see from this study, patients noted improvement within five minutes after application,\" Jason Bacharach, MD, Medical and Research Director at North Bay Eye Associates,Inc and co-author of this study, said in a statement to ","_key":"ff5e2b42820c"},{"_type":"span","marks":["em"],"text":"The American Journal of Managed Care","_key":"7b14fb57ec3f"},{"_key":"35cc08b7d8e3","_type":"span","marks":["sup"],"text":"®"},{"marks":[],"text":".","_key":"eee34805a153","_type":"span"}],"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"9aee6eced459"},{"_type":"block","style":"normal","_key":"e7884267b7ef","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"","_key":"ba6e225a484d"}]},{"_key":"59da4e594c7d","markDefs":[],"children":[{"_type":"span","marks":[],"text":"The researchers concluded that PFHO was effective and safe in reducing the severity and frequency of symptoms related to DED within the first 2 weeks of its use. 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