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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Groups subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Boro" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boro"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Boro</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boro-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mech" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mech"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Mech</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mech-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dimasa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dimasa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Dimasa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dimasa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chutia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chutia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Chutia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chutia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Moran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>Deori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tiwa_(Lalung)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tiwa_(Lalung)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.7</span> <span>Tiwa (Lalung)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tiwa_(Lalung)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tripuri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tripuri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.8</span> <span>Tripuri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tripuri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bodo–Kachari people</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 9 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-9" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">9 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%8B-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%80" title="বড়ো-কছাৰী – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="বড়ো-কছাৰী" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%8B-%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9B%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A0%E0%A7%80" title="বড়ো-কাছাড়ি জনগোষ্ঠী – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বড়ো-কাছাড়ি জনগোষ্ঠী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Качари – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Качари" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masyarakat_Bodo-Kachari" title="Masyarakat Bodo-Kachari – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Masyarakat Bodo-Kachari" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodo-Kachari" title="Bodo-Kachari – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bodo-Kachari" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF" title="ಕಚಾರಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕಚಾರಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Качарлар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Качарлар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Качари (народ) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Качари (народ)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8B_%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%80_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%9C%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="బోడో కచారీ ప్రజలు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బోడో కచారీ ప్రజలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about a group of ethnic peoples. For the specific ethnic group sometimes called Boro-Kachari, see <a href="/wiki/Boro_people" title="Boro people">Boro people</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Bodo–Kachari peoples</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Kherai_Dance_of_Assam.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Kherai_Dance_of_Assam.jpg/220px-Kherai_Dance_of_Assam.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Kherai_Dance_of_Assam.jpg/330px-Kherai_Dance_of_Assam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Kherai_Dance_of_Assam.jpg/440px-Kherai_Dance_of_Assam.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Kherai Dance of <a href="/wiki/Boro_people" title="Boro people">Boro people</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 12–14 million</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a></th><td class="infobox-data">n/a</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tripura" title="Tripura">Tripura</a></th><td class="infobox-data">n/a</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a></th><td class="infobox-data">n/a</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a></th><td class="infobox-data">n/a</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a></th><td class="infobox-data">n/a</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Boro%E2%80%93Garo_languages" title="Boro–Garo languages">Boro–Garo languages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Majority</b>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a></li></ul></div> <b>Minority</b>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bathou_an_Ethnic_religion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bathou an Ethnic religion (page does not exist)">Bathou an Ethnic religions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Tibeto-Burman languages">Tibeto-Burman</a> groups, <a href="/wiki/Naga_people" title="Naga people">Naga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kachin_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Kachin peoples">Kachin</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Bodo–Kacharis</b> (also <b>Kacharis</b> or <b>Bodos</b>)<sup id="cite_ref-jacobnote_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jacobnote-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a name used by anthropologists and linguists<sup id="cite_ref-Bathari-14-Bodos_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bathari-14-Bodos-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to define a collection of <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">ethnic groups</a> living predominantly in the <a href="/wiki/Northeast_India" title="Northeast India">Northeast Indian</a> states of <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tripura" title="Tripura">Tripura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Bengal" title="West Bengal">West Bengal</a>. These peoples are speakers of either <a href="/wiki/Bodo%E2%80%93Garo_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodo–Garo languages">Bodo–Garo languages</a> or <a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Some Tibeto-Burman speakers who live closely in and around the Brahmaputra valley, such as the <a href="/wiki/Mising_people" title="Mising people">Mising people</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karbi_people" title="Karbi people">Karbi people</a>, are not considered Bodo–Kachari. Many of these peoples have formed <a href="/wiki/State_formation#Early_state_formation" title="State formation">early states</a> in the late Medieval era of Indian history (<a href="/wiki/Chutia_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Chutia Kingdom">Chutia Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dimasa_Kingdom" title="Dimasa Kingdom">Dimasa Kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koch_dynasty" title="Koch dynasty">Koch dynasty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Twipra_Kingdom" title="Twipra Kingdom">Twipra Kingdom</a>) and came under varying degrees of <a href="/wiki/Sanskritisation" title="Sanskritisation">Sanskritisation</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The speakers of Tibeto–Burman are considered to have reached the <a href="/wiki/Brahmaputra_Valley" title="Brahmaputra Valley">Brahmaputra valley</a> via <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a> and settled in the foothills of the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Himalaya" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Himalaya">eastern Himalayan</a> range which includes the whole of Assam, Tripura, North Bengal of West Bengal and parts of Bangladesh. </p><p>The belief that Bodo–Kacharis were early settlers of the river valleys is taken from the fact that most of the rivers in the Brahmaputra valley in <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a> today carry Tibeto–Burman names of Kachari origin—<a href="/wiki/Dibang_River" title="Dibang River">Dibang</a>, Dihang, <a href="/wiki/Dikhow_River" title="Dikhow River">Dikhou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dihing_River" title="Dihing River">Dihing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doiyang_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Doiyang River">Doiyang</a>, Doigrung etc.—where <i>Di/Doi-</i> means water in <a href="/wiki/Boro-Garo_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Boro-Garo languages">Boro-Garo languages</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and many of these names end in <i>-ong</i>, which is <i>water</i> in Austroasiatic.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Kacharis were the first people to rear <a href="/wiki/Silkworm" class="mw-redirect" title="Silkworm">silkworms</a> and produce silk material and were considered to be associated with <i>ashu</i> rice culture in Assam before the advent of <i>sali</i> (transplanted rice) was introduced from the Gangetic plains.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These peoples aren't culturally uniform. Bodo, Deori, Tripuri and Reang follow patrilineal descent, Garo, Rabha and Koch follow Matrilineal descent, Dimasa follows both bilateral descent, and Tiwa follows ambilineal descent.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the groups, such as Moran and Saraniya consider themselves as Hindus under <a href="/wiki/Ekasarana_Dharma" title="Ekasarana Dharma">Ekasarana Dharma</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymologies">Etymologies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bodo%E2%80%93Kachari_people&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymologies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bodo">Bodo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bodo%E2%80%93Kachari_people&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Bodo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <i>Bodo</i> finds its first mention in the book by <a href="/wiki/Brian_Houghton_Hodgson" title="Brian Houghton Hodgson">Hodgson</a> in 1847, to refer to the Mech and <i>Kachari</i> peoples.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jac-hodgson_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jac-hodgson-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/George_Abraham_Grierson" title="George Abraham Grierson">Grierson</a> took this term <i>Bodo</i> to denote a section of the Assam-Burma group of the <a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibeto-Burman">Tibeto-Burman</a> languages of the <a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a> family,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChoudhury20071_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChoudhury20071-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which included the languages of (1) Mech; (2) <a href="/wiki/Rabha_language" title="Rabha language">Rabha</a>; (3) <a href="/wiki/Tiwa_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiwa language">Lalung (Tiwa)</a>; (4) <a href="/wiki/Dimasa_language" title="Dimasa language">Dimasa (Hills Kachari)</a>; (5) <a href="/wiki/Garo_language" title="Garo language">Garo</a> (6) <a href="/wiki/Kokborok_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kokborok language">Tiprasa</a> (7) <a href="/wiki/Deori_language" title="Deori language">Deuri</a> (8) <a href="/wiki/Moran_language" title="Moran language">Moran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Boro_language_(India)" title="Boro language (India)">Boro</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequently <i>Bodo</i> emerged as an umbrella term both in anthropological and linguistic usage.<sup id="cite_ref-Bathari-14-Bodos_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bathari-14-Bodos-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This umbrella-group includes such sub-groups as Mech in Bengal and Nepal; Boros,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dimasa, Chutia, Sonowal, Moran, Rabha, Tiwa in Assam, and the Kokborok people in Tripura and Bangladesh.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jacobnote_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jacobnote-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is in contrast to popular and socio-political usage, where <i>Bodo</i> denotes the politically dominant sub-group—the <i>Boros</i>—in the <a href="/wiki/Bodoland" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodoland">Bodoland Territorial Region</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term <i>Bodo</i> generally stands for <i>man</i> in some of the cognate languages (Boro:<i>Boro</i>; Tripuri:<i>Borok</i>) but not in others (Garo:<i>Mande</i>; Karbi:<i>Arlen</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to historians, the word "Bodo" is derived from the Tibetan <i>Hbrogpa</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The umbrella name "Bodo", denoting the umbrella group, is resisted by numerically smaller groups such as the Dimasas.<sup id="cite_ref-bathari-bodo-boro_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bathari-bodo-boro-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike Hodgson's assumption, Boro is no longer considered as the "core" of the Boro–Garo languages.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therefore, it has been suggested that the whole group should not be called "Bodo".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kachari">Kachari</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bodo%E2%80%93Kachari_people&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Kachari"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term <i>Kachari</i> has been used through much of history to denote the same people who came to be termed as Bodo.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the earliest usage can be found in the 16th century <a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese language</a> <a href="/wiki/Bhagavat_of_Sankardev" title="Bhagavat of Sankardev">Bhagavata</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where the word <i>Kachari</i> is used synonymously with <i><a href="/wiki/Kirata" title="Kirata">Kirata</a></i> in a list that mentions <a href="/wiki/Koch_people" title="Koch people">Koch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mech_people" title="Mech people">Mech</a> separately.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Buranji" title="Buranji">Buranjis</a> and colonial documents Boro–Garo speakers who were from the plains were collectively called <i>Kachari</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Endle's 1911 ethnographic work, <i>The Kacharis</i>, explain that there were plains Kacharis and hills Kacharis and a host of other ethnic groups that fall under the Kachari umbrella.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eventually the appellation <i>kachari</i> was retained only by those groups that have been fully integrated into <a href="/wiki/Assamese_people" title="Assamese people">Assamese</a> society, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Sarania_Kachari" title="Sarania Kachari">Sarania Kachari</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Sonowal_Kachari" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonowal Kachari">Sonowal Kachari</a></i>, whereas others who were formerly called Kacharis have assumed ethnonyms, such as <i><a href="/wiki/Boro_people" title="Boro people">Boro</a></i> or <i><a href="/wiki/Dimasa_people" title="Dimasa people">Dimasa</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kachari is pronounced as Kachhāri or Kossāri. The origin of the name is most likely a self-designation <i>korosa aris</i> that is found in a very old Boro song:<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="poem"> <p><i>Pra Ari, Korasa Ari</i><br /> <i>Jong pari lari lari</i><br /> (We are Korosa Aris, first-born sea race<br /> Our line is continuous) </p> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins">Origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bodo%E2%80%93Kachari_people&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Boro%E2%80%93Garo_languages" title="Boro–Garo languages">Boro–Garo languages</a></div> <p>Today the peoples included in the Bodo-Kacharis speak either one of the languages from the Boro–Garo branch of Tibeto-Burman or an Indo-Aryan language such as Assamese or Bengali. It is generally believed that when the first Tibeto-Burman speakers entered the <a href="/wiki/Brahmaputra_valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Brahmaputra valley">Brahmaputra valley</a>, it was already populated by people speaking Austroasiatic and probably other language.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bodo-Kachari community traditions as well as scholars agree that they came from the north or the east;<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and current phylogenetic studies suggest that the Boro–Garo language descended from Proto-Tibeto-Burman in Northern China near the Yellow River.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Linguists suggest that the initial ingress took place 3000 years before present or earlier,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that the immigrant proto-Boro–Garo speakers were not as numerous as the natives.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Linguists find the Boro–Garo languages remarkable in two aspects—they have a highly creolised grammar, and they extend over a vast region that radiates out into Nepal and Tripura from the Brahmaputra valley.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emergence_of_Boro–Garo_as_lingua_franca"><span id="Emergence_of_Boro.E2.80.93Garo_as_lingua_franca"></span>Emergence of Boro–Garo as <i>lingua franca</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bodo%E2%80%93Kachari_people&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Emergence of Boro–Garo as lingua franca"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="#CITEREFBurling2007">Burling (2007)</a> has suggested that <a href="/wiki/Nagamese" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagamese">Nagamese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jingpho_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Jingpho language">Jingpho</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Garo_language" title="Garo language">Garo</a> today are in different stages in the development as <i>lingua francas</i>, a cycle which leads to mixed and creolised languages, <a href="/wiki/Language_shift" title="Language shift">language shifts</a>, linguistic discontinuities and ethnic mixing.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is estimated that Austroasiatic languages were present even as late as 4th-5th centuries CE,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is also supported by paleographic evidence from the <a href="/wiki/Kamarupa_inscriptions" title="Kamarupa inscriptions">Kamarupa inscriptions</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The heavy creolisation occurred when Boro–Garo emerged as the <i>lingua franca</i> of the Tibeto-Burman and Austroasiatic populations of pre-Kamarupa, <a href="/wiki/Kamarupa" title="Kamarupa">Kamarupa</a> and post-Kamarupa kingdoms and polities of Assam,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a proposition that other linguists find compelling,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Proto-Boro–Garo first as a lingua franca used for communication across the various linguistic communicates of the region and its striking simplicity and transparency reflect a period when it was widely spoken by communities for whom it was not a native language.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among these ethnic groups some of the Rabha, and Koch may have Khasi ancestors.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <b>Tibeto-Burmification</b> of the Valley must have been more a matter of language replacement than the wholesale population replacement.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the Boro–Garo speaking communities such as the matrilineal and uxorilocal Garo, Rabha, and to some extent Koch still retain cultural features that are found among Austroasiatic speakers and which are not found among other Tibeto-Burman speakers.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Genetic studies too have shown that the Tibeto-Burman communities of Northeast India harbour significant population that were originally Austroasiatic speaking<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—for example, genetic studies show presence of O2a-M95, a haplogroup associated with AA populations, among the <a href="/wiki/Garo_people" title="Garo people">Garos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Groups">Groups</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bodo%E2%80%93Kachari_people&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Group</th> <th>Primary language</th> <th>Primary Domain </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Boro_people" title="Boro people">Boro</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Boro_language_(India)" title="Boro language (India)">Boro</a></td> <td>Assam (especially <a href="/wiki/Bodoland_Territorial_Region" title="Bodoland Territorial Region">Bodoland Territorial Region</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Garo_people" title="Garo people">Garo</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Garo_language" title="Garo language">Garo</a></td> <td>mostly in <a href="/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a> (western part) with a smaller number in neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chutia_people" title="Chutia people">Chutia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese</a></td> <td>Upper Assam, Central Assam, Arunachal Pradesh </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Deori_people" title="Deori people">Deori</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deori_language" title="Deori language">Deori</a></td> <td>Upper Assam, Arunachal Pradesh </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dimasa_people" title="Dimasa people">Dimasa</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dimasa_language" title="Dimasa language">Dimasa</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dima_Hasao_district" title="Dima Hasao district">Dima Hasao district</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hajong_people" title="Hajong people">Hajong</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hajong_language" title="Hajong language">Hajong</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Koch_people" title="Koch people">Koch</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koch_language" title="Koch language">Koch</a>,<a href="/wiki/KRNB_lects" class="mw-redirect" title="KRNB lects">Kamatapuri</a></td> <td>Lower Assam, Meghalaya,West Bengal and Bangladesh </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mech_people" title="Mech people">Mech</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Boro_language_(India)" title="Boro language (India)">Boro</a></td> <td>Assam, West Bengal, Nagaland and Southeastern Nepal </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Moran_people" title="Moran people">Moran</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese</a></td> <td>Upper Assam, Arunachal Pradesh </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rabha_people" title="Rabha people">Rabha</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rabha_language" title="Rabha language">Rabha</a></td> <td>Assam, West Bengal and Meghalaya </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sarania_Kachari" title="Sarania Kachari">Sarania Kachari</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese</a></td> <td>Lower Assam </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sonowal_Kachari" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonowal Kachari">Sonowal Kachari</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese</a></td> <td>Upper Assam, Arunachal Pradesh </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Thengal-Kachari" class="mw-redirect" title="Thengal-Kachari">Thengal Kachari</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese</a></td> <td>Upper Assam </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tiwa_(Lalung)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiwa (Lalung)">Tiwa</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tiwa_language_(India)" title="Tiwa language (India)">Tiwa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese</a></td> <td>Central Assam </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tripuri_people" title="Tripuri people">Tripuri</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kokborok_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kokborok language">Kokborok</a></td> <td>Tripura, Mizoram and Bangladesh </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boro">Boro</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bodo%E2%80%93Kachari_people&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Boro"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Boro_people" title="Boro people">Boro people</a></div> <p>The Boro people, also called Bodo, are found concentrated in the <a href="/wiki/Duars" class="mw-redirect" title="Duars">duars</a> regions, north of <a href="/wiki/Goalpara" title="Goalpara">Goalpara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kamrup_region" title="Kamrup region">Kamrup</a>. The origin of Kachari term was unknown to Boro themselves, but known to others. They call themselves as Boro, Bada, Bodo, Barafisa. Barafisa translated as Children of the Bara (the great one).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mech">Mech</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bodo%E2%80%93Kachari_people&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Mech"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mech_people" title="Mech people">Mech people</a></div> <p>The Mech are found in both Assam and Bengal. Hodgson (1847) wrote as "Mech is name imposed by strangers. This people call themselves as Bodo. Thus, Bodo is their proper designation" They speak mainly the <a href="/wiki/Bodo_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodo language">Boro language</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> J.D Anderson wrote, "In Assam proper Hindus call them Kacharis, In Bengal they are known as Meches. Their own name for the race is Boro or Bodo."<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dimasa">Dimasa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bodo%E2%80%93Kachari_people&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Dimasa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Dimasa_people" title="Dimasa people">Dimasa people</a></div> <p>Dimasas have a ruling clan among themselves who are termed as Hasnusa. Some Dimasa scholars opined that they were also known as Hasnusa at some point of time in History.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chutia">Chutia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bodo%E2%80%93Kachari_people&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Chutia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Chutia_people" title="Chutia people">Chutia people</a></div> <p>Among <a href="/wiki/Chutia_people" title="Chutia people">Chutias</a>, Burok means noble/great men. The Chutias who were thought to be healthy and strong was termed as Burok and took up the administrative and military roles in the Chutia kingdom. Even the Matak king <a href="/wiki/Sarbananada_Singha" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarbananada Singha">Sarbananda Singha</a> belonged to the Burok Chutia clan.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Surnames like Bora, Borha, Borua have their origins in the Chutia kingdom and are related to Bara/Bodo/Buruk. There is mention of Manik Chandra Barua, Dhela Bora, Borhuloi Barua as commanders of Chutia army.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Moran">Moran</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bodo%E2%80%93Kachari_people&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Moran"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Moran_people" title="Moran people">Moran people</a></div> <p>The Morans had their own kingdom before the arrival of Tai people and called their leader/chief as Bodousa (great son) where 'sa' means child or son in <a href="/wiki/Moran_language" title="Moran language">Moran language</a>. The present day Moran language is mostly used by mixing of modern day assamese and the Moran words which prevail have great similarities with Bodo and dimasa language. They were also known as Habungiya or Hasa where "Ha" means soil and "Sa" means son or Son of soil.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deori">Deori</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bodo%E2%80%93Kachari_people&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Deori"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Deori_people" title="Deori people">Deori people</a></div> <p>The Deoris (who were priests by profession) also have the Burok clan among them. They call themselves Jimochayan (children of the sun) and have maintained their traditional culture and language. Historically, they lived in the joidaam and patkai foothills and upper valley of Brahmaputra. There are four main geographical clans and 16-25 approx sub-clans( bojai) in deori community. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tiwa_(Lalung)"><span id="Tiwa_.28Lalung.29"></span>Tiwa (Lalung)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bodo%E2%80%93Kachari_people&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Tiwa (Lalung)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tiwa_(Lalung)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiwa (Lalung)">Tiwa (Lalung)</a></div> <p>Tiwa (Lalung) is an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the states of Assam and Meghalaya in northeastern India. They were known as Lalungs in the Assamese Buranjis, though members of the group prefer to call themselves Tiwa (meaning "the people who were lifted from below"). Some of their neighbors still call them Lalung.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A striking peculiarity of the Tiwa is their division into two sub-groups, Hill Tiwa and Plains Tiwas, displaying contrasting cultural features.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The hill Tiwas speak <a href="/wiki/Tiwa_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiwa language">Tiwa</a> and follows matrilineality<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the plain Tiwa who are more numerous in number speak Assamese and adhere to a patrilineal form of society.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tripuri">Tripuri</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bodo%E2%80%93Kachari_people&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Tripuri"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tripuri_people" title="Tripuri people">Tripuri people</a></div> <p>The Tripuris are the inhabitants of the Tripura Kingdom. The Tripuri people through <a href="/wiki/Manikya_dynasty" title="Manikya dynasty">Manikya dynasty</a> ruled the <a href="/wiki/Twipra_Kingdom" title="Twipra Kingdom">Kingdom of Tripura</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bodo%E2%80%93Kachari_people&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Twipra_Kingdom" title="Twipra Kingdom">Tripuri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chutia_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Chutia Kingdom">Chutia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Koch_dynasty" title="Koch dynasty">Koch</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dimasa_Kingdom" title="Dimasa Kingdom">Dimasa</a> had established powerful kingdoms in the past even the Ahom kingdom was founded in the kingdom gifted by <a href="/wiki/Moran_people" title="Moran people">Moran</a> king Bodousa to his son in law Sukapha. The Tripuri kings had even defeated the <a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughals</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Burmese</a> kingdoms in the past. Today, the Boros, the Tripuris, and the Garos have established a strong political and ethnic identity and are developing their language and literature. The Sonowal Kachari is also a branch of greater Kachari. They live in the districts of Dibrugarh, Tinsukia, Dhemaji, Sivasagar, Lakhimpur, Golaghat and Jorhat.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bodo%E2%80%93Kachari_people&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-jacobnote-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jacobnote_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jacobnote_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"The term Bodo is also used to denote a large number of tribes-the Garos of Meghalaya, Tippera of Tripura, and Boro Kachari, Koch, Rabha, Lalung, Dimasa, Hajong, Chutia, Deuri, and Moran of Assam and other parts of the Northeast. (M N Brahma, "The Bodo-Kacharis of Assam---A brief Introduction" in <i>Bulletin of the Tribal Research Institute</i> [Gauhati], 1:1 [1983], p.52)" (<a href="#CITEREFGeorge1994">George 1994</a>, p. 878f)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Bodo-people">"Bodo | people"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Bodo+%7C+people&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FBodo-people&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABodo%E2%80%93Kachari+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bathari-14-Bodos-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bathari-14-Bodos_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bathari-14-Bodos_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"[I]t seems that the term Bodo is used particularly to denote sections of people having an agnatic relationship in terms of speech practices and a strong sense of shared ancestry. This term the Bodo is more anthropological in its usage." (<a href="#CITEREFBathari2014">Bathari 2014</a>:14)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Ti- or di- (“water”) is a common affix used by Tibeto-Burman languages to designate rivers."(<a href="#CITEREFRamirez2014">Ramirez 2014</a>:4)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Other scholars have pointed out that other river names such as Dibang, Dihang, Doyang and the like were mixture of Bodo di and -ong (Austric) which means water." (<a href="#CITEREFBareh1987">Bareh 1987</a>:269–270)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Some advanced sections of the tribal population, like the Kacharis, also marginally grew wet rice of another variety in the submontane tracts. This variety was kharma ahu, which was irrigated but not always necessarily transplanted. At the same time, all ethnic groups without exception had also a varying interest in the dry <i>ahu</i> culture." (<a href="#CITEREFGuha1982">Guha 1982</a>:481–482)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/220083/10/10_chapter%206.pdf">"Handloom and Textile of Bodos"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>G Brahma PhD Thesis</i>: 139.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=G+Brahma+PhD+Thesis&rft.atitle=Handloom+and+Textile+of+Bodos&rft.pages=139&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in%2Fbitstream%2F10603%2F220083%2F10%2F10_chapter%25206.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABodo%E2%80%93Kachari+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoucheryLongmailai2018" class="citation journal cs1">Bouchery, Pascal; Longmailai, Monali (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26773379">"The Kinship Terminology of the Dimasa: Alternate Generation Equivalence in the Tibeto-Burman Area"</a>. <i>Anthropological Linguistics</i>. <b>60</b> (3): 228. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-5483">0003-5483</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26773379">26773379</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anthropological+Linguistics&rft.atitle=The+Kinship+Terminology+of+the+Dimasa%3A+Alternate+Generation+Equivalence+in+the+Tibeto-Burman+Area&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=228&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26773379%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0003-5483&rft.aulast=Bouchery&rft.aufirst=Pascal&rft.au=Longmailai%2C+Monali&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26773379&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABodo%E2%80%93Kachari+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFBathari2014">Bathari 2014</a>:15) The term Bodo finds its textual space first time in the book by Brian Hodgson, who wrote about a section of Tibeto-Burman speech group claiming themselves as Bodo.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jac-hodgson-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jac-hodgson_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"As (Hodgson) admits in the end, his way of seeing the "Bodos" is twofold: he starts by using "Bodo" to designate a wide range of people (“a numerous race”), then wonders if some others are not "Bodos in disguise". He ends on a cautionary note and refrains from unmasking the dubious tribes, registering only the Mechs and Kacharis,..." (<a href="#CITEREFJacquesson2008">Jacquesson 2008</a>:21)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChoudhury20071-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChoudhury20071_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChoudhury2007">Choudhury 2007</a>, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoseph2006" class="citation book cs1">Joseph, Umbavu (1 December 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JOx5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA13"><i>Languages of the Greater Himalayan Region, Volume 1 Rabha</i></a>. BRILL. p. 13. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-474-0469-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-474-0469-9"><bdi>978-90-474-0469-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Languages+of+the+Greater+Himalayan+Region%2C+Volume+1+Rabha&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2006-12-01&rft.isbn=978-90-474-0469-9&rft.aulast=Joseph&rft.aufirst=Umbavu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJOx5DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABodo%E2%80%93Kachari+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chatterji uses Bodo for both the umbrella group as well as the Boro: "the Bodo speeches- Boro, Moran,Mech, Rabha, Garo, Kachari and Tipra and a few more" (<a href="#CITEREFChatterji1974">Chatterji 1974</a>:23)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFBathari2014">Bathari 2014</a>:14)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"In present-day socio-political terminology, the Bodo means the plains tribes of the Brahmaputra Valley known earlier as Bodo-Kachari." (<a href="#CITEREFChoudhury2007">Choudhury 2007</a>, p. 1)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The media at the regional and national level; officials at the Centre and the state political parties of all hues and the people, in general, have accepted what may be termed as a contraction of the original denotion." (<a href="#CITEREFChoudhury2007">Choudhury 2007</a>, p. 1)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"One section of the same stock, Garo, a Tribe called themselves “Mande” means Man: another word Arleng (Karbi) is popularly used among Karbis, which literally means Man." (<a href="#CITEREFBrahma2008">Brahma 2008</a>:1–2)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The inception of the term 'Boro' may be traced from a Tibetan word 'Hbrogpa' an inhabitant of steppes belongs to Mongolean race." (<a href="#CITEREFBrahma2008">Brahma 2008</a>:2)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bathari-bodo-boro-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bathari-bodo-boro_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"While all the sub-groups in this section of people reiterate their kindred affinities, a tendency is witnessed amongst them to establish their separate identities. In recent times, there has been an effort from a section of the Boros in resolving this ambivalence in nomenclature by adopting the common name of ‘Bodo’. This has been viewed with contempt by several sections of the groups as a design by the Boros to establish their pre-dominance over numerically and otherwise weaker sections of the group. Most of the resistance has come from the Dimasas, who often accuse the Boros of appropriating the history and language of the Dimasas." (<a href="#CITEREFBathari2014">Bathari 2014</a>, pp. 14–15)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">" ...the long privilege of Boro as a core language for the group, dies out." (<a href="#CITEREFJacquesson2008">Jacquesson 2008</a>:42)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFJacquesson2008">Jacquesson 2008</a>:45)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">But recent developments make it imperative to redefine the term Bodo and its wider denotation deserves to be abandoned in recognition of the emerging socio-political vocabulary; the Bodo means the plain tribes of western and northern Assam known earlier as the Bodo-Kacharis of the Brahmaputra Valley.(<a href="#CITEREFChoudhury2007">Choudhury 2007</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"On the other hand, for the larger part of history, this group of people is referred to as Kacharis." (<a href="#CITEREFBathari2014">Bathari 2014</a>:14)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Srimandbhagavat, skandha 2, H Dattabaruah and Co., Nalbari, pp-38: <i>kiraTa kachhaari khaachi gaaro miri</i> / <i>yavana ka~Nka govaala</i> /</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFNeog1980">Neog 1980</a>:75)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'In Assamese chronicles and colonial documents, plain dwellers who today speak Boro–Garo languages were indistinctly referred to as "Kachari".' (<a href="#CITEREFRamirez2014">Ramirez 2014</a>:9)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Endle was clear about what is to be understood by “Kachari”. He explains that we have Plains Kacharis, viz. the Bodos (or Boros), and the Hills Kacharis, viz. the Dimasas.(<a href="#CITEREFJacquesson2008">Jacquesson 2008</a>:28)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"While “Kachari” did formerly apply to a large part of plain tribes, and is still commonly used in this sense by outsiders, it is now assumed only by sections that, like the Sonowal Kacharis or Saraniya Kacharis, speak only Assamese and are fully integrated into Assamese caste society. Other “former” Kacharis now assume distinct ethnonyms such as Bodo or Dimasa." (<a href="#CITEREFRamirez2014">Ramirez 2014</a>:17)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFMosahary1983">Mosahary 1983</a>:47)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"[T]here is no question that whenever the first Tibeto-Burman speakers may have entered, the Brahmaputra valley was already well populated. Accounts of the prehistory of Assam and Bengal usually begin with Austroasiatic populations. (Kakati (1962) [1941], van Dreim (1997))" (<a href="#CITEREFDeLancey2012">DeLancey 2012</a>:12)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"(T)he valley was not deserted when the first (known) speakers of Tibeto-Burman languages arrived; they encountered people who spoke Mon-Khmer languages, of which the Khasi languages are the remnants. (<a href="#CITEREFJacquesson2017">Jacquesson 2017</a>:117)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"However, [the Boro–Garo speakers] may have been preceded by speakers of Austroasiatic languages, as suggested by a number of toponyms and areal loanwords (Kakati 1995; Diffl oth 2005; Konnerth 2014)." (<a href="#CITEREFPostBurling2017">Post & Burling 2017</a>, p. 214)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"There is general agreement, among Tibeto-Burman communities in Assam and their traditions as well as among scholars, that Tibeto-Burman languages came into the Assam plain from the north and probably east, though opinions differ about how far north and/or east the original center of dispersal for the family is.(<a href="#CITEREFDeLancey2013">DeLancey 2013</a>:56)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFZhangJiPagelMace2020">Zhang et al. 2020</a>): According to the “Northern China origin” hypothesis, the Sinitic languages form the primary branch near the root of Sino-Tibetan tree and all non-Sinitic languages descended from an ancient common ancestor (i.e. proto-Tibeto-Burman)6,7,8. Previously17, the initial divergence of Sino-Tibetan languages was associated with the geographic spread of millet agriculture from the Yellow River basin, based on the inferred age of Sino-Tibetan phylogenies. Here our inference replicates an early bifurcation into the Sinitic clade and the Tibeto-Burman clade and Sinitic languages forming the primary branch near the root.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"...Tibeto-Burman speakers arrived in the Brahmaputra Valley 3,000 years ago (or more, see van Driem 2001)..." (<a href="#CITEREFDeLancey2013">DeLancey 2013</a>:56)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDeLancey2012">DeLancey (2012</a>, p. 13)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"There are two very striking things about Boro–Garo, which make it stand out from other units of comparable size and divergence. One is its extreme creoloid grammar. The other is its considerable geographical spread: from the Meche language of Nepal in the west to Dimasa in eastern Assam is over 1200 kilometers." (<a href="#CITEREFDeLancey2013">DeLancey 2013</a>:55)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBurling2007">Burling (2007)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFDeLancey2012">DeLancey 2012</a>:13)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"... (it shows) that in Ancient Assam there were three languages viz. (1) Sanskrit as the official language and the language of the learned few, (2) Non-Aryan tribal languages of the Austric and Tibeto-Burman families, and (3) a local variety of Prakrit (ie a MIA) wherefrom, in course of time, the modern Assamese language as a MIL, emerged." <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharma1978" class="citation book cs1">Sharma, Mukunda Madhava (1978). <i>Inscriptions of Ancient Assam</i>. Guwahati, Assam: <a href="/wiki/Gauhati_University" title="Gauhati University">Gauhati University</a>. pp. xxiv–xxviii. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/559914946">559914946</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inscriptions+of+Ancient+Assam&rft.place=Guwahati%2C+Assam&rft.pages=xxiv-xxviii&rft.pub=Gauhati+University&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F559914946&rft.aulast=Sharma&rft.aufirst=Mukunda+Madhava&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABodo%E2%80%93Kachari+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFDeLancey2013">DeLancey 2013</a>:57)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"DeLancey (2012) argues that Proto-Boro–Garo may have in fact developed as a lingua franca within the Brahmaputra valley; we find this thesis compelling, as it would explain both the modern-day distribution of Boro–Garo languages and their simplified morphological profile by comparison with their more conservative Northern Naga neighbours." (<a href="#CITEREFPostBurling2017">Post & Burling 2017</a>:227)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Briefly, I propose, following a suggestion by Burling (2007), that the Proto-Boro–Garo first as a lingua franca used for communication across the various linguistic communicates of the region and its striking simplicity and transparency reflect a period when it was widely spoken by communities for whom it was not a native language." (<a href="#CITEREFDeLancey2012">DeLancey 2012</a>:3)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Garo, the Rabha and at least some of the Koch are, like the Khasi, matrilineal and uxorilocal. These features are not attested elsewhere in populations speaking Tibeto–Burman languages. These cultural features are best explained either by the deep and long influence of Khasi people on those Garo, Rabha, and Koch (all people now living around Meghalaya), or by the event of language shift, if we suppose that at least some of these people had Khasi ancestors. They would have abandoned their earlier Mon-Khmer languages because of the influential new Tibeto-Burman speaking neighbours, but would have retained some important features of their social organization." (<a href="#CITEREFJacquesson2017">Jacquesson 2017</a>:99)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Tibeto-Burmification of the Valley must have been more a matter of language replacement than the wholesale population replacement." (<a href="#CITEREFDeLancey2012">DeLancey 2012</a>:13)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Garo, the Rabha and at least some of the Koch are, like the Khasi, matrilineal and uxorilocal. These features are not attested elsewhere in populations speaking Tibeto-Burman languages. These cultural features are best explained either by the deep and long influence of Khasi people on those Garo, Rabha, and Koch (all people now living around Meghalaya), or by the event of language shift, if we suppose that at least some of these people had Khasi ancestors. They would have abandoned their earlier Mon-Khmer languages because of the influential new Tibeto Burman-speaking neighbours, but would have retained some important features of their social organization." (<a href="#CITEREFJacquesson2017">Jacquesson 2017</a>:99)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Y haplogroup O2a is represented at a frequency of 77% in Austroasiatic groups in India and 47% in Tibeto-Burman groups of northeastern India (Sahoo et al. 2006). This patterning could suggest that Tibeto-Burman paternal lineages may have partially replaced indigenous Austroasiatic lineages in the northeast of the Indian Subcontinent and that Austroasiatic populations preceded the Tibeto-Burmans in this area, as linguists and ethnographers have speculated for over a century and a half." (<a href="#CITEREFvan_Driem2007">van Driem 2007</a>:237)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFChaubey2011">Chaubey 2011</a>:1015)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thenortheasttoday.com/tntvideos/features/5-facts-you-must-know-about-the-garo-tribe-of-meghalaya/cid2513940.htm">"5 facts you must know about the Garo Tribe of Meghalaya"</a>. <i>thenortheasttoday.com</i>. 4 October 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=thenortheasttoday.com&rft.atitle=5+facts+you+must+know+about+the+Garo+Tribe+of+Meghalaya&rft.date=2018-10-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthenortheasttoday.com%2Ftntvideos%2Ffeatures%2F5-facts-you-must-know-about-the-garo-tribe-of-meghalaya%2Fcid2513940.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABodo%E2%80%93Kachari+people" class="Z3988"></span> "The Garos are a <a href="/wiki/Tibeto-Burman_languages" title="Tibeto-Burman languages">Tibeto-Burman</a> ethnic group in Meghalaya also known as the A·chik Mande (literally hill people) or simply A·chik or Mande."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFR._MarakSharma2023" class="citation journal cs1">R. Marak, Silba; Sharma, Dwijen (11 September 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ejournal.uinsgd.ac.id/index.php/jcrt/article/view/354">"Funeral Rites of the Garos: Unveiling Cultural Assimilation Amidst Christian Influence"</a>. <i>Journal of Contemporary Rituals and Traditions</i>. <b>1</b> (2): 55–66. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.15575%2Fjcrt.354">10.15575/jcrt.354</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2988-5884">2988-5884</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Contemporary+Rituals+and+Traditions&rft.atitle=Funeral+Rites+of+the+Garos%3A+Unveiling+Cultural+Assimilation+Amidst+Christian+Influence&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=55-66&rft.date=2023-09-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.15575%2Fjcrt.354&rft.issn=2988-5884&rft.aulast=R.+Marak&rft.aufirst=Silba&rft.au=Sharma%2C+Dwijen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fejournal.uinsgd.ac.id%2Findex.php%2Fjcrt%2Farticle%2Fview%2F354&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABodo%E2%80%93Kachari+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHodgson1847" class="citation book cs1">Hodgson, B.H. (1847). <i>Essay the first; On the Kocch, Bódo and Dhimál tribes</i>. Calcutta: J. Thomas. pp. 105, 142, 154, 155, 156. <q>Mech is name imposed by strangers. This people call themselves as Bodo. Thus, Bodo is their proper designation</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Essay+the+first%3B+On+the+Kocch%2C+B%C3%B3do+and+Dhim%C3%A1l+tribes&rft.place=Calcutta&rft.pages=105%2C+142%2C+154%2C+155%2C+156&rft.pub=J.+Thomas&rft.date=1847&rft.aulast=Hodgson&rft.aufirst=B.H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABodo%E2%80%93Kachari+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(<a href="#CITEREFAnderson1911">Anderson 1911</a>:xv)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/69516/7/07_chapter%202.pdf">The Dimasa were known as kachari who migrated to Dimapur region and settled on the banks of Dhansiri, and later came to be known as Dimasa</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160819031029/http://atributetosankaradeva.org/mayamara.pdf">"Nath, D. <i>The Mataks and their Revolt</i>, p.13"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://atributetosankaradeva.org/mayamara.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 19 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nath%2C+D.+The+Mataks+and+their+Revolt%2C+p.13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fatributetosankaradeva.org%2Fmayamara.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABodo%E2%80%93Kachari+people" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dr. Swarnalata Baruah(2004), <i>Chutia Jaatir Buranji</i>, Page 145, Surnames like Bora, Saikia, Kataki, Tamuli,etc. were found in Chutia kingdom. It is clearly stated in the Deodhai Buranji that when Ahom king Suhungmung attacked the Chutia kingdom on the banks of Dihing river, the Chutia army was led by one Manik Chandra Baruah. The surname "Neog" was probably derived from the Chutia "Nayak" whose duty was the same. Deori folklores also mention the myths behind the creation of each of these titles. For instance, "Bora" was said to be derived from the "Buruk" clan and acted either as a military official or a temple guard...</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dr. Swarnalata Baruah(2004), <i>Chutiya Jaatir Buranji</i>, Page 129, The Chutia army was led by Borhuloi Borua and Dhela Bora.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/69486/9/09_chapter%202.pdf">Moran chief Badaucha</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"the Tiwas, called Lalungs by their neighbours"(<a href="#CITEREFRamirez2014">Ramirez 2014</a>:19)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Many Tiwas account for the cultural dichotomy between hill Tiwas and plains Tiwas in terms of an acculturation to the Assamese dominated plain culture"(<a href="#CITEREFRamirez2014">Ramirez 2014</a>:20)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"hill Tiwas, concentrated in the central Assam hills, all speak a Boro–Garo language (Tiwa); their villages are centred around youth dormitories (samadhi); their descent mode is ambilineal (see chapter 3) with a high incidence of matrilineality"(<a href="#CITEREFRamirez2014">Ramirez 2014</a>, p. 19)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Generally speaking, the much more numerous plains Tiwas (171,000) do not speak Tiwa; they follow a patrilineal descent pattern"(<a href="#CITEREFRamirez2014">Ramirez 2014</a>, p. 20)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/69486/9/09_chapter%202.pdf">http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/69486/9/09_chapter%202.pdf</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation of this PDF document is required to prevent link rot. (March 2022)">bare URL PDF</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bodo%E2%80%93Kachari_people&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson1911" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Drummond_Anderson_(1852%E2%80%931920)" title="James Drummond Anderson (1852–1920)">Anderson, J. D.</a> (1911). "Introduction". In Endle, Sidney (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/50008/50008-h/50008-h.htm"><i>The Kacháris</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eighth+Scheduled+Indian+Languages&rft.au=GoI&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmha.nic.in%2Fhindi%2Fsites%2Fupload_files%2Fmhahindi%2Ffiles%2Fpdf%2FEighth_Schedule.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABodo%E2%80%93Kachari+people" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Scheduled_tribes_of_India" title="Template:Scheduled tribes of India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Scheduled_tribes_of_India" title="Template talk:Scheduled tribes of India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Scheduled_tribes_of_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Scheduled tribes of India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Scheduled_tribes_of_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Scheduled_Tribes_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Scheduled Tribes in India">Scheduled tribes of</a> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asur_people" title="Asur people">Asur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baiga_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Baiga tribe">Baiga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharia_people" title="Bharia people">Bharia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhil_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhil people">Bhil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhumij_people" title="Bhumij people">Bhumij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutia" title="Bhutia">Bhutia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birhor_people" title="Birhor people">Birhor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boro_people" title="Boro people">Bodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodo-Kachari_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodo-Kachari people">Bodo-Kachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhoksa_people" title="Bhoksa people">Boksa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonda_people" title="Bonda people">Bonda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakma_people" title="Chakma people">Chakma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenchu_people" title="Chenchu people">Chenchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhanka" title="Dhanka">Dhanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimasa_people" title="Dimasa people">Dimasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garo_people" title="Garo people">Garo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondi_people" title="Gondi people">Gondi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajong_people" title="Hajong people">Hajong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmar_people" title="Hmar people">Hmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_people" title="Ho people">Ho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irula_people" title="Irula people">Irulas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbi_people" title="Karbi people">Karbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasi_people" title="Khasi people">Khasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khonds" title="Khonds">Khonds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kol_people" title="Kol people">Kol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korwa_people" title="Korwa people">Korwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuki_people" title="Kuki people">Kuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_people" title="Lepcha people">Lepcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbu_people" title="Limbu people">Limbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lodha_people" title="Lodha people">Lodha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahli_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahli tribe">Mahli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mara_people" title="Mara people">Mara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mech_people" title="Mech people">Mech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mising_people" title="Mising people">Mishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_people" title="Mizo people">Mizo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mog_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mog people">Mog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munda_people" title="Munda people">Munda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudugar" title="Mudugar">Mudugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_people" title="Naga people">Naga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurukh_people" title="Kurukh people">Oraon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pnar_people" title="Pnar people">Pnar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabari" title="Rabari">Rabari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabha_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabha tribe">Rabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reang" title="Reang">Reang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santal_people" title="Santal people">Santal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sora_people" title="Sora people">Sora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toda_people" title="Toda people">Toda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripuri_people" title="Tripuri people">Tripuri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hill_tribes_of_Northeast_India" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hill_tribes_of_Northeast_India" title="Template:Hill tribes of Northeast India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hill_tribes_of_Northeast_India" title="Template talk:Hill tribes of Northeast India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hill_tribes_of_Northeast_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hill tribes of Northeast India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hill_tribes_of_Northeast_India" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Hill_tribes_of_Northeast_India" title="Hill tribes of Northeast India">Hill tribes of Northeast India</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mizoram" title="Mizoram">Mizoram</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chakma_people" title="Chakma people">Chakma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimasa_people" title="Dimasa people">Dimasa (Kachari)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garo_people" title="Garo people">Garo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajong_people" title="Hajong people">Hajong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmar_people" title="Hmar people">Hmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasi_people" title="Khasi people">Khasi and Jaintia</a> (inc. Khasi <a href="/wiki/Pnar_people" title="Pnar people">Synteng or Pnar</a>, War, Bhoi or <a href="/wiki/Lyngngam_language" title="Lyngngam language">Lyngngam</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuki_people" title="Kuki people">Kuki Tribes</a> (see below)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mara_people" title="Mara people">Mara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Aiton_people" title="Tai Aiton people">Man (Tai speaking)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_people" title="Mizo people">Mizo (Lushai) tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbi_people" title="Karbi people">Mikir (Karbi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_people" title="Naga people">Naga tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_people" title="Lai people">Pawi (Lai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pnar_people" title="Pnar people">Synteng (Pnar)</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Naga_female_by_retlaw_snellac.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Naga_female_by_retlaw_snellac.jpg/100px-Naga_female_by_retlaw_snellac.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Naga_female_by_retlaw_snellac.jpg/150px-Naga_female_by_retlaw_snellac.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Naga_female_by_retlaw_snellac.jpg/200px-Naga_female_by_retlaw_snellac.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1365" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Yimkhiung_Naga" title="Yimkhiung Naga">Yimkhiung<br />Naga</a> woman</figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nagaland" title="Nagaland">Nagaland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Garo_people" title="Garo people">Garo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodo-Kachari_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodo-Kachari people">Bodo-Kachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuki_people" title="Kuki people">Kuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbi_people" title="Karbi people">Mikir (Karbi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_people" title="Naga people">Naga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Meghalaya" title="Meghalaya">Meghalaya</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bodo-Kachari_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodo-Kachari people">Bodo-Kachari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakma_people" title="Chakma people">Chakma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimasa_people" title="Dimasa people">Dimasa (Kachari)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garo_people" title="Garo people">Garo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajong_people" title="Hajong people">Hajong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmar_people" title="Hmar people">Hmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasi_people" title="Khasi people">Khasi and Jaintia</a> (inc. <a href="/wiki/Pnar_people" title="Pnar people">Khasi Synteng or Pnar</a>, War, Bhoi or <a href="/wiki/Lyngngam_language" title="Lyngngam language">Lyngngam</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koch_people" title="Koch people">Koch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuki_people" title="Kuki people">Kuki Tribes</a> (see below)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mara_people" title="Mara people">Lakher (Mara)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Aiton_people" title="Tai Aiton people">Man (Tai speaking)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_people" title="Mizo people">Mizo (Lushai) tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbi_people" title="Karbi people">Mikir (Karbi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_people" title="Naga people">Naga tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_people" title="Lai people">Pawi (Lai)</a></li> <li>Raba, Rava</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pnar_people" title="Pnar people">Synteng (Pnar)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arunachal_Pradesh" title="Arunachal Pradesh">Arunachal Pradesh</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galo_tribe" title="Galo tribe">Abor (Galo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hruso_people" title="Hruso people">Aka (Hruso)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apatani_people" title="Apatani people">Apatani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyishi_people" title="Nyishi people">Dafla (Nyishi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galo_tribe" title="Galo tribe">Galong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugun" title="Bugun">Khowa (Bugun)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishmi_people" title="Mishmi people">Mishmi</a> (inc. <a href="/wiki/Miju_Mishmi_tribe" title="Miju Mishmi tribe">Miju Mishmi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monpa_people" title="Monpa people">Momba</a> (inc. <a href="/wiki/Chugpa_tribe" title="Chugpa tribe">Chugpa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lishipa_tribe" title="Lishipa tribe">Lishipa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Takpa_people" title="Takpa people">Takpa</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_people" title="Naga people">Naga tribes</a> (inc. <a href="/wiki/Nocte_people" title="Nocte people">Nocte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tangsa_Naga" title="Tangsa Naga">Tangsa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tutsa_Naga" title="Tutsa Naga">Tutsa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wancho_Naga" title="Wancho Naga">Wancho</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherdukpen_people" title="Sherdukpen people">Sherdukpen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jingpo_people" title="Jingpo people">Singpho (Jingpo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_peoples" title="Tai peoples">Tai peoples</a> (inc. <a href="/wiki/Khamti_people" title="Khamti people">Khampti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khamyang_people" title="Khamyang people">Khamyang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tai_Phake_people" title="Tai Phake people">Phake</a>)</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adi_people" title="Adi people">Adi</a> (inc. <a href="/wiki/Bori_tribal_people" title="Bori tribal people">Bori</a>, <a href="/wiki/Padam_people" title="Padam people">Padam</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deori_people" title="Deori people">Deori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamba_people" title="Khamba people">Khamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisu_people" title="Lisu people">Lisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memba_people" title="Memba people">Memba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miji_people" title="Miji people">Miji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbi_people" title="Karbi people">Mikir (Karbi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minyong_people" title="Minyong people">Minyong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mising_people" title="Mising people">Mishing (Miri)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Na_people" title="Na people">Nga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puroik_people" title="Puroik people">Puroik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zekhring_people" title="Zekhring people">Zekhring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Manipur" title="Manipur">Manipur</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aimol_people" title="Aimol people">Aimol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An%C4%81l_people" title="Anāl people">Anal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiru_people" title="Chiru people">Chiru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chothe_people" title="Chothe people">Chothe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangte_people" title="Gangte people">Gangte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmar_people" title="Hmar people">Hmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inpui_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Inpui people">Inpui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thangal_people" title="Thangal people">Koirao (Thangal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koireng_people" title="Koireng people">Koireng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kom_people_(Manipur)" title="Kom people (Manipur)">Kom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamkang_people" title="Lamkang people">Lamkang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liangmai_people" title="Liangmai people">Liangmai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mao_people_(India)" title="Mao people (India)">Mao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maram_people" title="Maram people">Maram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maring_people" title="Maring people">Maring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_people" title="Mizo people">Mizo (Lushai) tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monsang_people" title="Monsang people">Monsang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moyon_people" title="Moyon people">Moyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paite_people" title="Paite people">Paite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purum_people" title="Purum people">Purum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralte_people" title="Ralte people">Ralte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rongmei_people" title="Rongmei people">Rongmei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simte_people" title="Simte people">Simte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paite_people" title="Paite people">Suhte (Paite)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangkhul_people" title="Tangkhul people">Tangkhul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thadou_people" title="Thadou people">Thadou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaiphei_people" title="Vaiphei people">Vaiphei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeme_people" title="Zeme people">Zeme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zou_people" title="Zou people">Zou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tripura" title="Tripura">Tripura</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhil_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhil people">Bhil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutia" title="Bhutia">Bhutia</a></li> <li>Chaimal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakma_people" title="Chakma people">Chakma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garo_people" title="Garo people">Garoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halam_tribe" title="Halam tribe">Halam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamatia" title="Jamatia">Jamatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasi_people" title="Khasi people">Khasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuki_people" title="Kuki people">Kuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_people" title="Lepcha people">Lepcha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_people" title="Mizo people">Lushai (Mizo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mog_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mog people">Mag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munda_people" title="Munda people">Munda, Kaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noatia" title="Noatia">Noatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reang" title="Reang">Riang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santal_people" title="Santal people">Santal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripuri_people" title="Tripuri people">Tripuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uchoi" title="Uchoi">Uchoi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chakma_people" title="Chakma people">Chakma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimasa_people" title="Dimasa people">Dimasa (Kachari)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garo_people" title="Garo people">Garo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hajong_people" title="Hajong people">Hajong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hmar_people" title="Hmar people">Hmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasi_people" title="Khasi people">Khasi and Jaintia</a> (inc. <a href="/wiki/Pnar_people" title="Pnar people">Khasi Synteng or Pnar</a>, War, Bhoi or <a href="/wiki/Lyngngam_language" title="Lyngngam language">Lyngngam</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuki_people" title="Kuki people">Kuki Tribes</a> (see below)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mara_people" title="Mara people">Lakher (Mara)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Aiton_people" title="Tai Aiton people">Man (Tai speaking)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizo_people" title="Mizo people">Mizo (Lushai) tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karbi_people" title="Karbi people">Mikir (Karbi)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_people" title="Naga people">Naga tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_people" title="Lai people">Pawi (Lai)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pnar_people" title="Pnar people">Synteng (Pnar)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sikkim" title="Sikkim">Sikkim</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhutia" title="Bhutia">Bhutia</a> (including Chumbipa, Dopthapa, Dukpa, <a href="/wiki/Yolmo_people#KAGATE" title="Yolmo people">Kagatey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sherpa_people" title="Sherpa people">Sherpa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_people" title="Tibetan people">Tibetan</a>, Tromopa, <a href="/wiki/Yolmo_people" title="Yolmo people">Yolmo</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepcha_people" title="Lepcha people">Lepcha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kuki_people" title="Kuki people">Kuki tribes</a><br />including:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biate_language" title="Biate language">Biate</a></li> <li>Changsan</li> <li>Chongloi</li> <li>Doungel</li> <li>Gamalhou</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gangte_people" title="Gangte people">Gangte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guite_people" title="Guite people">Guite</a></li> <li>Hanneng</li> <li>Haokip, Haupit</li> <li>Haolai</li> <li>Hengna</li> <li>Hongsung</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hrangkhol_people" title="Hrangkhol people">Hrangkhwal, Rangkhol</a></li> <li>Jongbe</li> <li>Khawchung</li> <li>Khawathlang, Khothalong</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khelma_people" title="Khelma people">Khelma</a></li> <li>Kholhou</li> <li>Kipgen</li> <li>Kuki</li> <li>Lengthang</li> <li>Lhangum</li> <li>Lhoujem</li> <li>Lhouvun</li> <li>Lupheng</li> <li>Mangjel</li> <li>Misao</li> <li>Riang</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saihriem_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Saihriem people">Sairhem</a></li> <li>Selnam</li> <li>Singson</li> <li>Sitlhou</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sukte_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Sukte people">Sukte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thadou_people" title="Thadou people">Thado</a></li> <li>Thangngeu</li> <li>Uibuh</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaiphei_people" title="Vaiphei people">Vaiphei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Naga_people" title="Naga people">Naga tribes</a><br />including:</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/An%C4%81l_people" title="Anāl people">Anāl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angami_Naga" title="Angami Naga">Angami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ao_Naga" title="Ao Naga">Ao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang_Naga" title="Chang Naga">Chang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakhesang_Naga" title="Chakhesang Naga">Chakhesang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chirr_Naga" title="Chirr Naga">Chirr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiru_people" title="Chiru people">Chiru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chothe_people" title="Chothe people">Chothe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inpui_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Inpui people">Inpui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharam_people" title="Kharam people">Kharam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khiamniungan_people" title="Khiamniungan people">Khiamniungan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konyak_Naga" title="Konyak Naga">Konyak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lainong_Naga" title="Lainong Naga">Lainong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamkang_people" title="Lamkang people">Lamkang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liangmai_people" title="Liangmai people">Liangmai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotha_Naga" title="Lotha Naga">Lotha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makury_Naga" title="Makury Naga">Makury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mao_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mao people">Mao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maram_people" title="Maram people">Maram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maring_people" title="Maring people">Maring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monsang_people" title="Monsang people">Monsang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moyon_people" title="Moyon people">Moyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nocte_people" title="Nocte people">Nocte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Para_Naga" title="Para Naga">Para </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pochury_Naga" title="Pochury Naga">Pochury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phom_Naga" title="Phom Naga">Phom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poumai_people" title="Poumai people">Poumai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rengma_Naga" title="Rengma Naga">Rengma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rongmei_people" title="Rongmei people">Rongmei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangtam_Naga" title="Sangtam Naga">Sangtam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCmi_Naga" title="Sümi Naga">Sumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangkhul_people" title="Tangkhul people">Tangkhul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tangsa_Naga" title="Tangsa Naga"> Tangsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarao_people" title="Tarao people">Tarao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thangal_people" title="Thangal people">Thangal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tikhir_Naga" title="Tikhir Naga">Tikhir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutsa_Naga" title="Tutsa Naga">Tutsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wancho_Naga" title="Wancho Naga">Wancho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yimkhiung_Naga" title="Yimkhiung Naga">Yimkhiung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeme_people" title="Zeme people">Zeme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>See also <a href="/wiki/List_of_Scheduled_Tribes_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Scheduled Tribes in India">List of Scheduled Tribes in India</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bodo–Kachari_people&oldid=1259114508">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bodo–Kachari_people&oldid=1259114508</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Social_groups_of_Assam" title="Category:Social groups of Assam">Social groups of Assam</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Tribes_of_Assam" title="Category:Tribes of Assam">Tribes of Assam</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ethnic_groups_in_Northeast_India" title="Category:Ethnic groups in 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