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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Relief"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Relief</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Relief-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geology_and_minerals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology_and_minerals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Geology and minerals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology_and_minerals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Geology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Minerals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minerals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.2</span> <span>Minerals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minerals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rivers_and_lakes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rivers_and_lakes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Rivers and lakes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rivers_and_lakes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Soils" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Soils"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Soils</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Soils-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flora" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Flora</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Fauna</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>Environment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Energy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Agriculture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agriculture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Agriculture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agriculture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Government and awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government_and_awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Science</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bandy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bandy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Bandy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bandy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Speed_skating" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Speed_skating"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Speed skating</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Speed_skating-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Association_football" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Association_football"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Association football</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Association_football-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture_and_recreation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_and_recreation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Culture and recreation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture_and_recreation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnic_groups_in_Moscow_Oblast_(2021_Census)[64]" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_groups_in_Moscow_Oblast_(2021_Census)[64]"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Ethnic groups in Moscow Oblast (2021 Census)<sup><span>[</span>64<span>]</span></sup></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_groups_in_Moscow_Oblast_(2021_Census)[64]-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vital_statistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vital_statistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Vital statistics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vital_statistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_and_municipal_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_and_municipal_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Administrative and municipal divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_and_municipal_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sister_regions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sister_regions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Sister regions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sister_regions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sister regions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sister_regions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Partner_regions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partner_regions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Partner regions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partner_regions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Moscow Oblast</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 110 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-110" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">110 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oblast_Moskow" title="Oblast Moskow – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Oblast Moskow" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%8D%D0%B7%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%83_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82" title="Мэзкуу област – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Мэзкуу област" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskou-oblast" title="Moskou-oblast – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Moskou-oblast" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88" title="مقاطعة موسكو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مقاطعة موسكو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93blast_de_Mosc%C3%BA" title="Óblast de Moscú – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Óblast de Moscú" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskva_vilay%C9%99ti" title="Moskva vilayəti – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Moskva vilayəti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="مسکو اوبلاستی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مسکو اوبلاستی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B_%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9F" title="মস্কো ওব্লাস্ট – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মস্কো ওব্লাস্ট" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskva_Chiu" title="Moskva Chiu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Moskva Chiu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D3%99%D2%AF_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D2%BB%D0%B5" title="Мәскәү өлкәһе – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Мәскәү өлкәһе" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Маскоўская вобласць – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Маскоўская вобласць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%9E%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Маскоўская вобласьць – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Маскоўская вобласьць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82" title="Московска област – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Московска област" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskovska_oblast" title="Moskovska oblast – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Moskovska oblast" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oblast_Moskov" title="Oblast Moskov – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Oblast Moskov" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BE" title="Москвагай можо – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Москвагай можо" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93blast_de_Moscou" title="Óblast de Moscou – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Óblast de Moscou" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%C3%A7%C4%95" title="Мускав облаçĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Мускав облаçĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_Oblast" title="Moscow Oblast – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Moscow Oblast" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskevsk%C3%A1_oblast" title="Moskevská oblast – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Moskevská oblast" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oblast_Moscfa" title="Oblast Moscfa – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Oblast Moscfa" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskva_oblast" title="Moskva oblast – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Moskva oblast" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskva_oblast" title="Moskva oblast – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Moskva oblast" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oblast_Moskau" title="Oblast Moskau – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Oblast Moskau" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskva_oblast" title="Moskva oblast – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Moskva oblast" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%8C%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%9C%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%87%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Όμπλαστ της Μόσχας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Όμπλαστ της Μόσχας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%81" title="Московонь ёнкс – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Московонь ёнкс" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93blast_de_Mosc%C3%BA" title="Óblast de Moscú – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Óblast de Moscú" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskva_provinco" title="Moskva provinco – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Moskva provinco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskuko_oblasta" title="Moskuko oblasta – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Moskuko oblasta" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88" title="استان مسکو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="استان مسکو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oblast_de_Moscou" title="Oblast de Moscou – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Oblast de Moscou" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskou_(oblast)" title="Moskou (oblast) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Moskou (oblast)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%BAige_Mhosc%C3%B3" title="Cúige Mhoscó – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cúige Mhoscó" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskva-ch%C3%BB" title="Moskva-chû – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Moskva-chû" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%82%D3%A9%D0%B3%D3%99%D0%BB%D2%A3" title="Москва төгәлң – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Москва төгәлң" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%A8%EC%8A%A4%ED%81%AC%EB%B0%94%EC%A3%BC" title="모스크바주 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="모스크바주" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A6" title="Մոսկվայի մարզ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մոսկվայի մարզ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="मॉस्को ओब्लास्ट – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मॉस्को ओब्लास्ट" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oblas%C4%87_Moskwa" title="Oblasć Moskwa – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Oblasć Moskwa" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskovska_oblast" title="Moskovska oblast – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Moskovska oblast" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oblast_Moskow" title="Oblast Moskow – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Oblast Moskow" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%C3%A6%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%B9%D1%8B_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%C3%A6%D1%81%D1%82" title="Мæскуыйы облæст – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Мæскуыйы облæст" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskvufylki" title="Moskvufylki – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Moskvufylki" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oblast%27_di_Mosca" title="Oblast' di Mosca – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Oblast' di Mosca" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%91%D7%94_(%D7%9E%D7%97%D7%95%D7%96)" title="מוסקבה (מחוז) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מוסקבה (מחוז)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_Oblast" title="Moscow Oblast – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Moscow Oblast" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98" title="მოსკოვის ოლქი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მოსკოვის ოლქი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_Oblast" title="Moscow Oblast – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Moscow Oblast" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%A7%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%82" title="Мӧскуа обласьт – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Мӧскуа обласьт" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oblast_de_Moscau" title="Oblast de Moscau – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Oblast de Moscau" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regio_Moscuensis" title="Regio Moscuensis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Regio Moscuensis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maskavas_apgabals" title="Maskavas apgabals – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Maskavas apgabals" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%8F%D1%82" title="Москва вилаят – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Москва вилаят" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maskvos_sritis" title="Maskvos sritis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Maskvos sritis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oblast_de_Mosca" title="Oblast de Mosca – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Oblast de Mosca" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moszkvai_ter%C3%BClet" title="Moszkvai terület – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Moszkvai terület" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82" title="Московска област – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Московска област" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4" title="मॉस्को ओब्लास्त – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मॉस्को ओब्लास्त" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1%E1%83%99%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98" title="მოსკოვიშ ოლქი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მოსკოვიშ ოლქი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%88_%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="موسكو أوبلاست – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="موسكو أوبلاست" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="موسکو اوبلاست – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="موسکو اوبلاست" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilayah_Moscow" title="Wilayah Moscow – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Wilayah Moscow" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskva_Ci%C5%AD" title="Moskva Ciŭ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Moskva Ciŭ" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%8C_%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Москувонь аймак – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Москувонь аймак" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B6" title="Москва муж – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Москва муж" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oblast_Moskou" title="Oblast Moskou – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Oblast Moskou" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A2%E3%82%B9%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AF%E5%B7%9E" title="モスクワ州 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="モスクワ州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Москохан область – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Москохан область" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskau_(Prowins)" title="Moskau (Prowins) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Moskau (Prowins)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskva_oblast" title="Moskva oblast – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Moskva oblast" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskva_oblast" title="Moskva oblast – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Moskva oblast" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Моско вел – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Моско вел" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskva_viloyati" title="Moskva viloyati – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Moskva viloyati" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="ماسکو اوبلاست – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ماسکو اوبلاست" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88_%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AA" title="مسکو ولايت – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مسکو ولايت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obw%C3%B3d_moskiewski" title="Obwód moskiewski – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Obwód moskiewski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oblast_de_Moscou" title="Oblast de Moscou – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Oblast de Moscou" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskv%D0%B0_w%C3%A1layat%C4%B1" title="Moskvа wálayatı – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Moskvа wálayatı" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskva_vil%C3%A2yeti" title="Moskva vilâyeti – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Moskva vilâyeti" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regiunea_Moscova" title="Regiunea Moscova – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Regiunea Moscova" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Московская область – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Московская область" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D2%BB%D0%B0" title="Москва уобалаһа – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Москва уобалаһа" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_Oblast" title="Moscow Oblast – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Moscow Oblast" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_Oblast" title="Moscow Oblast – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Moscow Oblast" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%AA%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BD" title="ماسڪو اوبلاسٽ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ماسڪو اوبلاسٽ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskovsk%C3%A1_oblas%C5%A5" title="Moskovská oblasť – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Moskovská oblasť" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskovska_oblast" title="Moskovska oblast – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Moskovska oblast" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B2%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Москъвьска область – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Москъвьска область" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%86%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%86%D8%B3%DA%A9%DB%86" title="ئۆبلاستی مۆسکۆ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئۆبلاستی مۆسکۆ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82" title="Московска област – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Московска област" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskovska_oblast" title="Moskovska oblast – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Moskovska oblast" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskovan_alue" title="Moskovan alue – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Moskovan alue" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskva_oblast" title="Moskva oblast – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Moskva oblast" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oblast_ng_Mosku" title="Oblast ng Mosku – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Oblast ng Mosku" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="மாசுக்கோ மாகாணம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மாசுக்கோ மாகாணம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D3%99%D1%81%D0%BA%D3%99%D2%AF_%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%BA%D3%99%D1%81%D0%B5" title="Мәскәү өлкәсе – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Мәскәү өлкәсе" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81" title="แคว้นมอสโก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แคว้นมอสโก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2" title="Вилояти Маскав – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Вилояти Маскав" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskova_Oblast%C4%B1" title="Moskova Oblastı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Moskova Oblastı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Муско улос – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Муско улос" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Московська область – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Московська область" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3%DA%A9%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA" title="ماسکو اوبلاست – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ماسکو اوبلاست" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oblast%27_de_Mosca" title="Oblast' de Mosca – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Oblast' de Mosca" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskvan_agj" title="Moskvan agj – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Moskvan agj" data-language-autonym="Vepsän 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Moscow_Oblast&params=55_42_N_36_58_E_type:adm1st_region:RU"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">55°42′N</span> <span class="longitude">36°58′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">55.700°N 36.967°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">55.700; 36.967</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">First-level administrative division of Russia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about political and administrative region. For urban geography, telecommunications and transport area, see <a href="/wiki/Moscow_metropolitan_area" title="Moscow metropolitan area">Moscow metropolitan area</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Podmoskovye" redirects here. For the Delta-class submarine, see <a href="/wiki/Russian_submarine_BS-64" title="Russian submarine BS-64">Russian submarine BS-64</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Oblast in Central, Russia</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Moscow Oblast</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Oblasts_of_Russia" title="Oblasts of Russia">Oblast</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Московская область</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Moscow_oblast.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Moscow Oblast"><img alt="Flag of Moscow Oblast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Moscow_oblast.svg/115px-Flag_of_Moscow_oblast.svg.png" decoding="async" width="115" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Moscow_oblast.svg/173px-Flag_of_Moscow_oblast.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Flag_of_Moscow_oblast.svg/230px-Flag_of_Moscow_oblast.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Moscow_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of Moscow Oblast">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Moscow_Oblast_(large).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Moscow Oblast"><img alt="Coat of arms of Moscow Oblast" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Coat_of_arms_of_Moscow_Oblast_%28large%29.svg/70px-Coat_of_arms_of_Moscow_Oblast_%28large%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Coat_of_arms_of_Moscow_Oblast_%28large%29.svg/105px-Coat_of_arms_of_Moscow_Oblast_%28large%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Coat_of_arms_of_Moscow_Oblast_%28large%29.svg/140px-Coat_of_arms_of_Moscow_Oblast_%28large%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="456" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Russia_(2014%E2%80%932022)_-_Moscow_Oblast.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Map_of_Russia_%282014%E2%80%932022%29_-_Moscow_Oblast.svg/300px-Map_of_Russia_%282014%E2%80%932022%29_-_Moscow_Oblast.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Map_of_Russia_%282014%E2%80%932022%29_-_Moscow_Oblast.svg/450px-Map_of_Russia_%282014%E2%80%932022%29_-_Moscow_Oblast.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Map_of_Russia_%282014%E2%80%932022%29_-_Moscow_Oblast.svg/600px-Map_of_Russia_%282014%E2%80%932022%29_-_Moscow_Oblast.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1541" data-file-height="847" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Moscow_Oblast&params=55_42_N_36_58_E_type:adm1st_region:RU"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">55°42′N</span> <span class="longitude">36°58′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">55.700°N 36.967°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">55.700; 36.967</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federal_districts_of_Russia" title="Federal districts of Russia">Federal district</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Central_Federal_District" title="Central Federal District">Central</a><sup id="cite_ref-FederalDistrict_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FederalDistrict-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Economic_regions_of_Russia" title="Economic regions of Russia">Economic region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Central_economic_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Central economic region">Central</a><sup id="cite_ref-EconomicRegion_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EconomicRegion-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative center">Administrative center</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Krasnogorsk,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast">Krasnogorsk</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Moscow_Oblast_Duma" title="Moscow Oblast Duma">Oblast Duma</a><sup id="cite_ref-Legis_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Legis-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Moscow_Oblast" title="Governor of Moscow Oblast">Governor</a><sup id="cite_ref-LeaderTitle_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LeaderTitle-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Andrey_Yuryevich_Vorobyov" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrey Yuryevich Vorobyov">Andrey Vorobyov</a><sup id="cite_ref-LeaderNm_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LeaderNm-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-area_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-area-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">44,329 km<sup>2</sup> (17,116 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia#List" title="Federal subjects of Russia">55th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(<a href="/wiki/2021_Russian_census" title="2021 Russian census">2021 census</a>)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8,524,665</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Estimate <div class="ib-settlement-fn">(2018)<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-d84f748bde80dac87e899490e943a9ac5d33eca8-v18_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-d84f748bde80dac87e899490e943a9ac5d33eca8-v18-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">7,503,385</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_subjects_of_Russia_by_population" title="List of federal subjects of Russia by population">2nd</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">78.5%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Rural_area" title="Rural area">Rural</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">21.5%</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Russia" title="Time in Russia">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B3" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+3">UTC+3</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moscow_Time" title="Moscow Time">MSK</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1697?uselang=en#P421" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span><sup id="cite_ref-vremeni_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vremeni-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">RU-MOS</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plates_of_Russia" title="Vehicle registration plates of Russia">License plates</a></th><td class="infobox-data">50, 90, 150, 190, 750, 790, 550, 250</td></tr><tr class="50, 90, 150, 190, 750, 790, 550, 250"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/OKTMO" title="OKTMO">OKTMO</a> ID</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">46000000</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a><sup id="cite_ref-Russian_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Russian-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mosreg.ru">mosreg.ru</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Moscow Oblast</b> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Московская область</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">Moskovskaya oblast</i></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ru-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[mɐˈskofskəjə<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈobləsʲtʲ]</a></span>, informally known as <span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Подмосковье</span></span>, <span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">Podmoskovye</i></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ru-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[pədmɐˈskovʲjə]</a></span>)<sup id="cite_ref-OffNm_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OffNm-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">federal subject</a> of <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> (an <a href="/wiki/Oblast" title="Oblast">oblast</a>). With a population of 8,524,665 (<a href="/wiki/Russian_Census_(2021)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Census (2021)">2021 Census</a>) living in an area of 44,300 square kilometers (17,100 sq mi),<sup id="cite_ref-area2_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-area2-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is one of the most densely populated regions in the country<sup id="cite_ref-Dens_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dens-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_subjects_of_Russia_by_population" title="List of federal subjects of Russia by population">second most populous</a> federal subject.<sup id="cite_ref-2010Census_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010Census-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The oblast has no official <a href="/wiki/Administrative_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative center">administrative center</a>; its public authorities are located in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Krasnogorsk,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast">Krasnogorsk</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Oblast_Duma" title="Moscow Oblast Duma">Moscow Oblast Duma</a> and the local government), and also across other locations in the oblast.<sup id="cite_ref-AdmCtr_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AdmCtr-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Located in <a href="/wiki/European_Russia" title="European Russia">European Russia</a> between latitudes <a href="/wiki/54th_parallel_north" title="54th parallel north">54°</a> and <a href="/wiki/57th_parallel_north" title="57th parallel north">57° N</a> and longitudes <a href="/wiki/35th_meridian_east" title="35th meridian east">35°</a> and <a href="/wiki/41st_meridian_east" title="41st meridian east">41° E</a>, Moscow Oblast borders <a href="/wiki/Tver_Oblast" title="Tver Oblast">Tver Oblast</a> in the northwest, <a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl_Oblast" title="Yaroslavl Oblast">Yaroslavl Oblast</a> in the north, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Oblast" title="Vladimir Oblast">Vladimir Oblast</a> in the northeast and east, <a href="/wiki/Ryazan_Oblast" title="Ryazan Oblast">Ryazan Oblast</a> in the southeast, <a href="/wiki/Tula_Oblast" title="Tula Oblast">Tula Oblast</a> in the south, <a href="/wiki/Kaluga_Oblast" title="Kaluga Oblast">Kaluga Oblast</a> in the southwest, and <a href="/wiki/Smolensk_Oblast" title="Smolensk Oblast">Smolensk Oblast</a> in the west. The oblast mostly surrounds the <a href="/wiki/Federal_cities_of_Russia" title="Federal cities of Russia">federal city</a> of Moscow, which is not part of the oblast, but rather a separate federal subject in its own right. The oblast is highly <a href="/wiki/Industrialisation" title="Industrialisation">industrialized</a>, with the major industries being <a href="/wiki/Metallurgy" title="Metallurgy">metallurgy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oil_refining" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil refining">oil refining</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mechanical_engineering" title="Mechanical engineering">mechanical engineering</a>, along with the food, energy, and chemical industries. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Oblast&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moscow_region.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Moscow_region.png/220px-Moscow_region.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Moscow_region.png/330px-Moscow_region.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Moscow_region.png/440px-Moscow_region.png 2x" data-file-width="890" data-file-height="830" /></a><figcaption>Map of Moscow Oblast and the federal city of Moscow</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relief">Relief</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Oblast&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Relief"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The oblast is mostly flat, with some hills with a height of about 160 meters (520 ft) in the western and extensive lowlands in the eastern part. From the southwest to northeast, the oblast is crossed by the border of the Moscow glacier to the north of the common ice-<a href="/wiki/Erosion_(geology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Erosion (geology)">erosion</a> form with <a href="/wiki/Moraine" title="Moraine">moraine</a> ridges, and to the south are only erosional landforms. The western and northern parts of the oblast contain the Moscow Uplands. Their average height peaks at about 300 meters (980 ft) near <a href="/wiki/Dmitrov" title="Dmitrov">Dmitrov</a> and the upper point of 310 meters (1,020 ft) lies near the village of <a href="/wiki/Shapkino,_Mozhaysky_District,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Shapkino, Mozhaysky District, Moscow Oblast">Shapkino</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mozhaysky_District,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Mozhaysky District, Moscow Oblast">Mozhaysky District</a>. The northern part of the Moscow Uplands is steeper than the southern part. The uplands contain lakes of glacial origin, such as Lakes Nerskoye and Krugloye. To the north of the Moscow Uplands lies the alluvial Verhnevolzhsk Depression; It is marshy and flat with the height varying between about 120 meters (390 ft) and 150 meters (490 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To the south stretches a hilly area of the Moskvoretsko-Oksk plain. Its greatest height of 254 meters (833 ft) lies in the area of <a href="/wiki/Tyoply_Stan_District" title="Tyoply Stan District">Tyoply Stan</a>, within the Moscow city limits. The plain has clearly defined river valleys, especially in the south parts, and occasional <a href="/wiki/Karst" title="Karst">karst</a> relief, mostly in <a href="/wiki/Serpukhovsky_District" title="Serpukhovsky District">Serpukhovsky District</a>. In the extreme south, after the Oka River, lies the <a href="/wiki/Central_Russian_Upland" title="Central Russian Upland">Central Russian Upland</a>. It contains numerous gullies and ravines and has average height above 200 m with the maximum of 236 m near <a href="/wiki/Pushchino" title="Pushchino">Pushchino</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most of the eastern part of Moscow Oblast is taken by the vast <a href="/wiki/Meshchera_Lowlands" title="Meshchera Lowlands">Meshchera Lowlands</a> with much wetland in their eastern part. Their highest hill peaks at 214 meters (702 ft) but the average heights are 120–150 meters (390–490 ft). Most lakes of the lowlands, such as Lakes Chyornoye and Svyatoye, are of glacial origin. Here lies the lowest natural elevation of the region, the water level of Oka River at 97 meters (318 ft).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geology_and_minerals">Geology and minerals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Oblast&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Geology and minerals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Geology">Geology</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Oblast&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dolomite-Magn%C3%A9site-_Navarre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Dolomite-Magn%C3%A9site-_Navarre.jpg/220px-Dolomite-Magn%C3%A9site-_Navarre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Dolomite-Magn%C3%A9site-_Navarre.jpg/330px-Dolomite-Magn%C3%A9site-_Navarre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Dolomite-Magn%C3%A9site-_Navarre.jpg/440px-Dolomite-Magn%C3%A9site-_Navarre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3628" data-file-height="2821" /></a><figcaption>Dolomite</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gneiss.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Gneiss.jpg/220px-Gneiss.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Gneiss.jpg/330px-Gneiss.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Gneiss.jpg/440px-Gneiss.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="361" /></a><figcaption>Gneiss</figcaption></figure> <p>Moscow Oblast is located in the central part of the <a href="/wiki/East_European_craton" class="mw-redirect" title="East European craton">East European craton</a>. Like all cratons, the latter is composed of the crystalline basement and sedimentary cover. The basement consists of <a href="/wiki/Archean" title="Archean">Archaean</a> and <a href="/wiki/Proterozoic" title="Proterozoic">Proterozoic</a> rocks and the cover is deposited in the <a href="/wiki/Palaeozoic" class="mw-redirect" title="Palaeozoic">Palaeozoic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mesozoic" title="Mesozoic">Mesozoic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cenozoic" title="Cenozoic">Cenozoic</a> eras. The lowest depth of the basement (1,000 meters (3,300 ft)) is to the south of <a href="/wiki/Serebryanye_Prudy" title="Serebryanye Prudy">Serebryanye Prudy</a>, in the very south area of the oblast, and the largest (4,200 meters (13,800 ft)) is to the east of <a href="/wiki/Sergiyev_Posad" title="Sergiyev Posad">Sergiyev Posad</a>, in the northeast region.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tertiary" title="Tertiary">Tertiary</a> deposits are almost absent within the oblast. Significantly more abundant are deposits of the <a href="/wiki/Carboniferous" title="Carboniferous">Carboniferous</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">Jurassic</a> periods. In the <a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">Cretaceous</a> period, a sea was covering Moscow Oblast, as evidenced by <a href="/wiki/Phosphate" title="Phosphate">phosphate</a> deposits and a variety of sands. Cretaceous sediments are most common in the north of the oblast. The sea was wider in Jurassic than in Cretaceous period. Typical Jurassic deposits, in the form of black clay, are found within and around the city of Moscow and in the valley of the <a href="/wiki/Moscow_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscow River">Moscow River</a>. Carboniferous deposits in Moscow Oblast are represented by <a href="/wiki/Dolomite_(rock)" title="Dolomite (rock)">dolomite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Marl" title="Marl">marl</a>. Coal deposits rich in organic remains occur in the south, especially in Serpukhovsky District, and in the western regions. <a href="/wiki/Devonian" title="Devonian">Devonian</a> deposits were also found within the region.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Quaternary" title="Quaternary">Quaternary</a> deposits are widely distributed in Moscow Oblast; their thickness decreases from the northwest to southeast. It is believed<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that there were four glaciations in the area. The first occurred in the Lower <a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a> and spread to the east–west part of the Oka River valley, it left almost no trace in the region. In the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Pleistocene" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Pleistocene">Middle Pleistocene</a>, there were two powerful glaciations. The Dnieper glacier covered a large part of the Russian Plain, whereas the Moscow glaciation stopped just south of the present city of Moscow. The last glaciation, the Valdai glaciation, occurred in the <a href="/wiki/Late_Pleistocene" title="Late Pleistocene">Late Pleistocene</a>; it did not directly affect the territory of Moscow Oblast, but left traces in the form of <a href="/wiki/Fluvioglacial_deposits" class="mw-redirect" title="Fluvioglacial deposits">fluvioglacial deposits</a>, mainly in the north area. The glaciers left behind a <a href="/wiki/Moraine" title="Moraine">moraine</a> <a href="/wiki/Loam" title="Loam">loam</a> with pebbles and boulders of various rocks, such as <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gneiss" title="Gneiss">gneiss</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quartzite" title="Quartzite">quartzite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dolomite_(rock)" title="Dolomite (rock)">dolomite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstone</a>. Its thickness varies between a few meters at watersheds and 100 m at moraine ridges.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Minerals">Minerals</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Oblast&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Minerals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Moscow Oblast is rich in minerals. Sands from the sediments of different periods (mainly Quaternary and Cretaceous) are of high quality and are widely used in construction. Quartz sand (milled <a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">quartz</a>) is used in the glass industry, their production is conducted from the end of 17th century near <a href="/wiki/Lyubertsy" title="Lyubertsy">Lyubertsy</a>. Much of the production is currently halted due to environmental concerns, and only the Yeganovskoye field is being exploited; its silica sand reserves are 33 million tonnes and annual production reaches 675,000 tonnes.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sand and gravel deposits are abundant within the Smolensk-Moscow Upland. <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">Sandstone</a> deposits are developed in <a href="/wiki/Klinsky_District" title="Klinsky District">Klinsky</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dmitrovsky_District,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Dmitrovsky District, Moscow Oblast">Dmitrovsky Districts</a>. </p><p>There are numerous clay deposits within the oblast; fusible clay is excavated in <a href="/wiki/Sergiyev_Posad" title="Sergiyev Posad">Sergiyev Posad</a>. The Yeldiginskoye field near the village of <a href="/wiki/Sofrino" title="Sofrino">Sofrino</a> has reserves estimated at 30 million cubic meters; its annual production reaches 600,000 cubic meters (21,000,000 cu ft). Refractory white clay occurs in the eastern region, in the Carboniferous and Jurassic sediments, and is extracted from the 14th century near <a href="/wiki/Gzhel" title="Gzhel">Gzhel</a>. The largest (Kudinovskoye) deposit is near the town of <a href="/wiki/Elektrougli" title="Elektrougli">Elektrougli</a> with the reserves of 3 billion tonnes. Also widespread are loams which are used in brick manufacture and <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestones</a> ("white stone"). The famous <a href="/wiki/Myachkovo,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Myachkovo, Moscow Oblast">Myachkovo</a> deposit of <a href="/wiki/Carboniferous_limestone" class="mw-redirect" title="Carboniferous limestone">carboniferous limestone</a> provided material that went for cladding of such buildings in Moscow as the <a href="/wiki/Bolshoi_Theatre" title="Bolshoi Theatre">Bolshoi Theater</a>. The mining in Myachkovo had been stopped and currently, limestone is provided by the quarries of <a href="/wiki/Podolsky_District" title="Podolsky District">Podolsky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Voskresensky_District,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Voskresensky District, Moscow Oblast">Voskresensky</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kolomensky_District" title="Kolomensky District">Kolomensky Districts</a>. The latter district also provides marble-like limestone.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other industrial minerals of Moscow Oblast are dolomite, limestone <a href="/wiki/Tuff" title="Tuff">tuff</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Marl" title="Marl">marl</a>; mostly in the southern and eastern parts. Dolomite is used in the cement industry. Its mining is concentrated mainly near <a href="/wiki/Shchyolkovo" title="Shchyolkovo">Shchyolkovo</a>, the reserves exceed 20 million tonnes and the annual production is about 650 tonnes.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Phosphates are produced in the Yegorevskoye and Severskoye fields. Meshchera and Verkhnevolzhsk Lowlands are rich in <a href="/wiki/Peat" title="Peat">peat</a>. The largest mines are "Ryazanovskoe" (840,000 tonnes per year) and "Radovitsky moss" (760,000 tonnes per year), both around <a href="/wiki/Yegoryevsk" title="Yegoryevsk">Yegoryevsk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are deposits of <a href="/wiki/Brown_coal" class="mw-redirect" title="Brown coal">brown coal</a> beyond the Oka River, but they have no commercial value. There are also minor deposits of titanium and <a href="/wiki/Iron_ore" title="Iron ore">iron ore</a> in Serpukhovsky and <a href="/wiki/Serebryano-Prudsky_District" title="Serebryano-Prudsky District">Serebryano-Prudsky Districts</a>. </p><p>Salts of potassium salt are being developed around Serpukhov and Yegoryevsk. There are also numerous mineral springs near Zvenigorod, Klin, and Serpukhov. They include surface springs and reservoirs at the depth of 300–500 meters (980–1,640 ft). Deeper, at 1–1.5 kilometers (0.62–0.93 mi) there is a large sea of salt extending beyond Moscow Oblast. Waters with the salt concentration up to 300 g/L are used in the local food industry and spas.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Oblast&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81.jpg/220px-%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81.jpg/330px-%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81.jpg/440px-%D0%9B%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2832" /></a><figcaption>In winter</figcaption></figure> <p>The climate of Moscow Oblast is <a href="/wiki/Humid_continental" class="mw-redirect" title="Humid continental">humid continental</a>, with clearly expressed seasonality – short but warm summers and long, cold winters; the continentality increases from northwest to southeast. The period of the average temperature below 0 °C (32 °F) lasts 130–150 days, beginning in early or mid-November and ending in late March (or very early April). The average annual temperature varies from +3.5 °C (38.3 °F) to +5.5 °C (41.9 °F). The coldest months are January and February with the average temperature of −9 °C (16 °F) in the west and −12 °C (10 °F) in the east. With the arrival of arctic air, the temperature drops to below −20 °C (−4 °F) that may last up to twenty days during the winter, with the temperatures reaching −45 °C (−49 °F). The minimum temperature of −54 °C (−65 °F) was observed in <a href="/wiki/Naro-Fominsk" title="Naro-Fominsk">Naro-Fominsk</a>. Thaws often occur in December and February due to the Atlantic, and rarely the Mediterranean <a href="/wiki/Cyclone" title="Cyclone">cyclones</a>. The thaws usually last several days, and their total number from November to March can reach fifty. Snow starts accumulating in November, though sometimes in late October or early December, and disappears in mid-April (sometimes in late March). The snow depth is 25–50 centimeters (9.8–19.7 in) and the soil freezes to 65–75 centimeters (26–30 in). The warmest month is July with the average temperature of +18.0 °C (64.4 °F) in the northwest and +20.0 °C (68.0 °F) in the southeast. The maximum temperature of +40 °C (104 °F) was recorded in <a href="/wiki/Kolomna" title="Kolomna">Kolomna</a> during <a href="/wiki/2010_Northern_Hemisphere_summer_heat_waves" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 Northern Hemisphere summer heat waves">2010 Northern Hemisphere summer heat waves</a>. The average annual rainfall is 450–650 millimeters (18–26 in), the precipitation is maximal in the northwestern and minimal in the southeastern regions. The summer precipitation is usually 75 millimeters (3.0 in), but severe droughts occur once in 25–30 years, with less than 5 millimeters (0.20 in) of rain over June–August.<sup id="cite_ref-brit_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Moscow Oblast </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6<br />(21) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5<br />(23) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1<br />(34) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11<br />(52) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18<br />(64) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22<br />(72) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25<br />(77) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23<br />(73) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16<br />(61) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8<br />(46) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2<br />(36) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4<br />(25) </td> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.8<br />(49.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #B0B0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10<br />(14) </td> <td style="background: #B0B0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−10<br />(14) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−4<br />(25) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6<br />(43) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13<br />(55) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17<br />(63) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19<br />(66) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17<br />(63) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11<br />(52) </td> <td style="background: #FFFBF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5<br />(41) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2<br />(28) </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7<br />(19) </td> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.3<br />(43.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−14<br />(7) </td> <td style="background: #9595FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−15<br />(5) </td> <td style="background: #B6B6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9<br />(16) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1<br />(34) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8<br />(46) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12<br />(54) </td> <td style="background: #FFC489; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13<br />(55) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11<br />(52) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6<br />(43) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1<br />(34) </td> <td style="background: #C6C6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6<br />(21) </td> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11<br />(12) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2.8<br />(37.0) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: protown.ru<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rivers_and_lakes">Rivers and lakes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Oblast&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Rivers and lakes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shosha_river01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Shosha_river01.jpg/220px-Shosha_river01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Shosha_river01.jpg/330px-Shosha_river01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Shosha_river01.jpg/440px-Shosha_river01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="771" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Shosha_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Shosha River">Shosha River</a> near the <i><a href="/wiki/Village#Russia" title="Village">selo</a></i> of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mikulino,_Moscow_Oblast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mikulino, Moscow Oblast (page does not exist)">Mikulino</a></figcaption></figure> <p>There are more than three hundred rivers with the length above 10 kilometers (6.2 mi) in Moscow Oblast. All rivers are calm and have well-developed valleys and <a href="/wiki/Floodplain" title="Floodplain">floodplains</a>. They are mostly fed by melting snow and the flood falls on April–May. The water level is low in summer and increases only with heavy rain. The rivers freeze over from late November until mid-April. The only navigable rivers are the <a href="/wiki/Volga_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Volga River">Volga</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Oka_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Oka River">Oka</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Moskva_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Moskva River">Moskva River</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-wr_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wr-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most rivers belong to the basin of the <a href="/wiki/Volga_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Volga River">Volga</a>, which itself only crosses a small part in the north of Moscow Oblast, near the border with <a href="/wiki/Tver_Oblast" title="Tver Oblast">Tver Oblast</a>. The second largest river of the region is the Oka. The northern part of Moscow Oblast includes such Volga <a href="/wiki/Tributary" title="Tributary">tributaries</a> as the <a href="/wiki/Shosha_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Shosha River">Shosha</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lama_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Lama River">Lama</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Dubna_River_(Volga_basin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dubna River (Volga basin)">Dubna</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Sestra_River_(Moscow_Oblast)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sestra River (Moscow Oblast)">Sestra</a>, and the Yakhroma. On the south flow the tributaries of the Oka, including the <a href="/wiki/Nara_River_(Russia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nara River (Russia)">Nara</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Protva_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Protva River">Protva</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Lopasnya_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Lopasnya River">Lopasnya Rivers</a>. The Moskva River, which almost entirely flows within the oblast, also belongs to the Oka basin. The eastern and northeastern regions, including much of Meschersk Depression, are irrigated by the tributaries of the <a href="/wiki/Klyazma_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Klyazma River">Klyazma River</a>, which itself is a main tributary of the Oka.<sup id="cite_ref-wr_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wr-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Canal" title="Moscow Canal">Moscow Canal</a> crosses the northern part of Moscow Oblast through the Ikshinskyoe, Klyazminskoye, Pyalovskoye, and Pestovskoye Reservoirs. In the basin of the Moskva River, there are also Ozerninskoye, Mozhayskoye, Istrinskoye, and Ruza Reservoirs, providing Moscow with drinking water.<sup id="cite_ref-wr_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wr-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are about 350 lakes in the oblast, almost all are shallow (5–10 m) and many are of glacial origin. The largest are <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lake_Dubovoye&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lake Dubovoye (page does not exist)">Lake Dubovoye</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5_(%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE)" class="extiw" title="ru:Дубовое (озеро)">ru</a>]</span> (11.8 square kilometers (4.6 sq mi)) and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Svyatoye" title="Lake Svyatoye">Svyatoye</a> (11.6 square kilometers (4.5 sq mi)) whereas the deepest (32 meters (105 ft)) is Lake Glubokoye in <a href="/wiki/Ruzsky_District" title="Ruzsky District">Ruzsky District</a>. There are also many marshes, especially within the Meshchersk and Verkhnevolzhsk lowlands.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Soils">Soils</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Oblast&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Soils"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Russian_landscape.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Russian_landscape.jpg/220px-Russian_landscape.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Russian_landscape.jpg/330px-Russian_landscape.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Russian_landscape.jpg/440px-Russian_landscape.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>A typical landscape of Moscow Oblast</figcaption></figure> <p>The oblast is dominated by relatively infertile <a href="/wiki/Podsol" class="mw-redirect" title="Podsol">podsol</a> soils which require fertilizers for commercial agriculture. On the hills there is more <a href="/wiki/Loam" title="Loam">loam</a> and the low-lying areas have more of bog, sandy loam and sand. <a href="/wiki/Chernozem" title="Chernozem">Chernozem</a> is scarce and occurs only south of the Oka River. Gray forest soils are spread between the Oka, Moskva, and Klyazma Rivers, mostly in <a href="/wiki/Ramensky_District" title="Ramensky District">Ramensky</a> and Voskresensky Districts. Marshy soils are common in Meshchersk and Verkhnevolzhsk lowlands. Valleys of large rivers are rich in alluvial soils. In general, soils are heavily polluted with chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and household and industrial waste, especially around Moscow, <a href="/wiki/Orekhovo-Zuyevo" title="Orekhovo-Zuyevo">Orekhovo-Zuyevo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Noginsk" title="Noginsk">Noginsk</a>, and Voskresensk. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flora">Flora</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Oblast&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Flora"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A107.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/A107.JPG/220px-A107.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/A107.JPG/330px-A107.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/A107.JPG/440px-A107.JPG 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>The small highway ring around Moscow</figcaption></figure> <p>Moscow Oblast lies within the zone of forests and steppes with forests covering over 40% of the region. <a href="/wiki/Coniferous" class="mw-redirect" title="Coniferous">Coniferous</a> (mainly fir) trees dominate the northern (Verkhnevolzhsk lowlands) and western parts (Mozhaysky, Lotoshinsky, and Shakhovsky Districts). Forests of Meshchora consist primarily of pine; in waterlogged lowlands, there are individual <a href="/wiki/Alder" title="Alder">alder</a> forests. Central and eastern regions have coniferous-deciduous forests with the main tree species of <a href="/wiki/Spruce" title="Spruce">spruce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pine" title="Pine">pine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Birch" title="Birch">birch</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Aspen" title="Aspen">aspen</a> often mixed with bushes of <a href="/wiki/Hazel" title="Hazel">hazel</a>. To the south lies the subzone of broad-leaved forests of <a href="/wiki/Oak" title="Oak">oak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lime_(fruit)" title="Lime (fruit)">lime</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maple" title="Maple">maple</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elm" title="Elm">elm</a>. Moscow-Oka Upland is the transition zone which is dominated by spruce, for example, in the upper reaches of the <a href="/wiki/Lopasnya_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Lopasnya River">Lopasnya River</a>. Valleys of the Oka are covered in pine forests of the steppe type and the far south regions (Serebryano-Prudsky and partially Serpukhovsky Districts) are cultivated steppes with occasional lime and oak groves.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The intensive cutting of Moscow region forests in the 18–19th centuries reduced them and changed their species: conifers were replaced by <a href="/wiki/Birch" title="Birch">birch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aspen" title="Aspen">aspen</a>. There is almost no logging nowadays and the forests are being restored, especially around Moscow. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Swamp" title="Swamp">Swamps</a> are prevalent in the eastern areas, such as <a href="/wiki/Shatursky_District" title="Shatursky District">Shatursky</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lukhovitsky_District" title="Lukhovitsky District">Lukhovitsky Districts</a>. The natural floodplain meadows are almost gone. The number of native plant species is reduced, but some foreign species flourish, such as <a href="/wiki/Acer_saccharum" title="Acer saccharum">Canadian maple</a>. Endemic species include <a href="/wiki/Water_caltrop" title="Water caltrop">water caltrop</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cypripedium_calceolus" title="Cypripedium calceolus">lady's slipper</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fauna">Fauna</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Oblast&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Fauna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elk_Island_by_Savrasov.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Elk_Island_by_Savrasov.jpg/220px-Elk_Island_by_Savrasov.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Elk_Island_by_Savrasov.jpg/330px-Elk_Island_by_Savrasov.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Elk_Island_by_Savrasov.jpg/440px-Elk_Island_by_Savrasov.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1647" data-file-height="1120" /></a><figcaption><i>Elk Island in Sokolniki</i>, <a href="/wiki/Losiny_Ostrov_National_Park" title="Losiny Ostrov National Park">Losiny Ostrov park</a>, 1869 painting by <a href="/wiki/Alexei_Savrasov" title="Alexei Savrasov">Alexei Savrasov</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The mammals of Moscow Oblast include <a href="/wiki/European_badger" title="European badger">badger</a>, squirrel, <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_beaver" title="Eurasian beaver">beaver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otter" title="Otter">otter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muskrat" title="Muskrat">muskrat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stoat" title="Stoat">stoat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_desman" title="Russian desman">Russian desman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raccoon_dog" class="mw-redirect" title="Raccoon dog">raccoon dog</a>, hedgehog, hare (<a href="/wiki/Mountain_hare" title="Mountain hare">mountain</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_hare" title="European hare">European</a>), <a href="/wiki/Shrew" title="Shrew">shrews</a> (<a href="/wiki/Common_shrew" title="Common shrew">common shrew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_pygmy_shrew" title="Eurasian pygmy shrew">Eurasian pygmy shrew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lesser_white-toothed_shrew" title="Lesser white-toothed shrew">lesser white-toothed shrew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_water_shrew" title="Eurasian water shrew">Eurasian water shrew</a>, etc.), <a href="/wiki/Weasel" title="Weasel">weasel</a>, fox, <a href="/wiki/Moose" title="Moose">moose</a>, wild boar, <a href="/wiki/European_mole" title="European mole">European mole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brown_rat" title="Brown rat">brown</a> and <a href="/wiki/Black_rat" title="Black rat">black rats</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marten" title="Marten">marten</a>, mice and <a href="/wiki/Arvicolinae" title="Arvicolinae">voles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wood_mouse" title="Wood mouse">wood mouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yellow-necked_mouse" title="Yellow-necked mouse">yellow-necked mouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/House_mouse" title="House mouse">house mouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_harvest_mouse" title="Eurasian harvest mouse">Eurasian harvest mouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_birch_mouse" title="Northern birch mouse">northern birch mouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bank_vole" title="Bank vole">bank vole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Field_vole" class="mw-redirect" title="Field vole">field vole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tundra_vole" title="Tundra vole">tundra vole</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_water_vole" title="European water vole">European water vole</a>), <a href="/wiki/European_mink" title="European mink">European mink</a>, deer (<a href="/wiki/Roe_deer" title="Roe deer">roe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_deer" title="Red deer">red</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chital" title="Chital">spotted</a>), <a href="/wiki/Hazel_dormouse" title="Hazel dormouse">hazel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Edible_dormouse" class="mw-redirect" title="Edible dormouse">fat dormouse</a>, and <a href="/wiki/European_polecat" title="European polecat">European polecat</a>. At the borders there are occasional bears, lynxes and wolves. In the southern areas there are also <a href="/wiki/Speckled_ground_squirrel" title="Speckled ground squirrel">speckled ground squirrel</a>, dwarf hamster, <a href="/wiki/Great_jerboa" title="Great jerboa">great jerboa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beech_marten" title="Beech marten">beech marten</a>. Some areas contain stable populations of imported animals, such as <a href="/wiki/Flying_squirrel" title="Flying squirrel">flying squirrel</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_mink" title="American mink">American mink</a> and <a href="/wiki/Siberian_roe_deer" title="Siberian roe deer">Siberian roe deer</a>. In the oblast, there are more than a dozen kinds of bat and moth.<sup id="cite_ref-t_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-t-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are more than 170 species of birds in the area with large numbers of crows, sparrows, ducks, magpies, woodpeckers, <a href="/wiki/Thrush_(bird)" title="Thrush (bird)">thrushes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bonasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonasa">grouses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bullfinch" title="Bullfinch">bullfinches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nightingale" class="mw-redirect" title="Nightingale">nightingales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corn_crake" title="Corn crake">corncrakes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northern_lapwing" title="Northern lapwing">northern lapwings</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_stork" title="White stork">white storks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grey_heron" title="Grey heron">grey herons</a>, seagulls and <a href="/wiki/Grebe" title="Grebe">grebes</a>. Over forty species are being hunted.<sup id="cite_ref-t_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-t-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rivers and lakes of Moscow Oblast are rich in fish, such as <a href="/wiki/Ruffe" title="Ruffe">ruffe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carp" title="Carp">carp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bream" title="Bream">bream</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bass_(fish)" title="Bass (fish)">bass</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rutilus" title="Rutilus">roaches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_sleeper" title="Chinese sleeper">Chinese sleeper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Perch" title="Perch">perch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pike_(fish)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pike (fish)">pike</a>. There are six species of reptiles: three lizards (<a href="/wiki/Anguis_fragilis" class="mw-redirect" title="Anguis fragilis">slowworm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viviparous_lizard" title="Viviparous lizard">viviparous lizard</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sand_lizard" title="Sand lizard">sand lizard</a>) and three snakes (<a href="/wiki/Vipera_berus" class="mw-redirect" title="Vipera berus">European adder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grass_snake" title="Grass snake">grass snake</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coronella" title="Coronella">smooth snake</a>). There is evidence for <a href="/wiki/Bog_turtle" title="Bog turtle">bog turtles</a> in some areas. <a href="/wiki/Amphibians" class="mw-redirect" title="Amphibians">Amphibians</a> are represented by 11 species including <a href="/wiki/Smooth_newt" title="Smooth newt">smooth newt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Great_crested_newt" class="mw-redirect" title="Great crested newt">great crested newt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Common_toad" title="Common toad">common toad</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_green_toad" title="European green toad">European green toad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Common_frog" title="Common frog">common frog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moor_frog" title="Moor frog">moor frog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marsh_frog" title="Marsh frog">marsh frog</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pelobates_fuscus" title="Pelobates fuscus">common spadefoot</a> and <a href="/wiki/European_fire-bellied_toad" title="European fire-bellied toad">European fire-bellied toad</a>. Insects are numerous, with <a href="/wiki/Bee" title="Bee">bees</a> alone accounting for more than 300 species.<sup id="cite_ref-t_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-t-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Serpukhovsky District, there is the <a href="/wiki/Prioksko-Terrasny_Nature_Reserve" title="Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve">Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve</a> which contains protected <a href="/wiki/Wisent" class="mw-redirect" title="Wisent">wisents</a>. Near Moscow lies <a href="/wiki/Losiny_Ostrov_National_Park" title="Losiny Ostrov National Park">Losiny Ostrov National Park</a> of federal significance. </p> <div class="center" style="font-size:88%"><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mustela_Erminea_head.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stoat"><img alt="Stoat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Mustela_Erminea_head.jpg/159px-Mustela_Erminea_head.jpg" decoding="async" width="159" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Mustela_Erminea_head.jpg/238px-Mustela_Erminea_head.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Mustela_Erminea_head.jpg/318px-Mustela_Erminea_head.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3428" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Stoat" title="Stoat">Stoat</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gartenspitzmaus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lesser white-toothed shrew"><img alt="Lesser white-toothed shrew" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Gartenspitzmaus.jpg/160px-Gartenspitzmaus.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Gartenspitzmaus.jpg/240px-Gartenspitzmaus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Gartenspitzmaus.jpg/320px-Gartenspitzmaus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Lesser_white-toothed_shrew" title="Lesser white-toothed shrew">Lesser white-toothed shrew</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kid-jbk.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Roe deer fawn"><img alt="Roe deer fawn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Kid-jbk.jpg/160px-Kid-jbk.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Kid-jbk.jpg/240px-Kid-jbk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Kid-jbk.jpg/320px-Kid-jbk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Roe_deer" title="Roe deer">Roe deer</a> <a href="/wiki/Fawn" class="mw-redirect" title="Fawn">fawn</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Micromysminutus1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Eurasian harvest mouse"><img alt="Eurasian harvest mouse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Micromysminutus1.jpg/160px-Micromysminutus1.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Micromysminutus1.jpg/240px-Micromysminutus1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Micromysminutus1.jpg/320px-Micromysminutus1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="659" data-file-height="456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Eurasian_harvest_mouse" title="Eurasian harvest mouse">Eurasian harvest mouse</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Podiceps_cristatus_5_(Marek_Szczepanek).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Great crested grebe"><img alt="Great crested grebe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Podiceps_cristatus_5_%28Marek_Szczepanek%29.jpg/160px-Podiceps_cristatus_5_%28Marek_Szczepanek%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Podiceps_cristatus_5_%28Marek_Szczepanek%29.jpg/240px-Podiceps_cristatus_5_%28Marek_Szczepanek%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Podiceps_cristatus_5_%28Marek_Szczepanek%29.jpg/320px-Podiceps_cristatus_5_%28Marek_Szczepanek%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Great_crested_grebe" title="Great crested grebe">Great crested grebe</a></div> </li> </ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environment">Environment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Oblast&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Environment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ecological situation in the Moscow Oblast is serious. The areas adjacent to Moscow, and industrial zones in the east and south-east regions are heavily polluted. Most contamination originates from emissions from <a href="/wiki/Kashira_Power_Plant" title="Kashira Power Plant">Kashira</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shatura_Power_Station" title="Shatura Power Station">Shatura Power Stations</a> and disposal of household and industrial waste. For example, the Timohovskaya dump is one of the largest in Europe; other objects of concern are aging oil storage tanks, and nuclear waste in the <a href="/wiki/Sergiyevo-Posadsky_District" title="Sergiyevo-Posadsky District">Sergiyevo-Posadsky District</a>. Contamination level is highest in Moscow, Voskresensk and Klin, high in <a href="/wiki/Dzerzhinsky,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Dzerzhinsky, Moscow Oblast">Dzerzhinsky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kolomna" title="Kolomna">Kolomna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mytishchi" title="Mytishchi">Mytishchi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Podolsk" title="Podolsk">Podolsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serpukhov" title="Serpukhov">Serpukhov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shchyolkovo" title="Shchyolkovo">Shchyolkovo</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Elektrostal" title="Elektrostal">Elektrostal</a>, and low in Prioksko-Terrasny Biosphere Reserve.<sup id="cite_ref-ekoport_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ekoport-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The major contaminants are <a href="/wiki/Formaldehyde" title="Formaldehyde">formaldehyde</a> and <a href="/wiki/Phenol" title="Phenol">phenol</a> in Moscow; <a href="/wiki/Ammonia" title="Ammonia">ammonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_fluoride" title="Hydrogen fluoride">hydrogen fluoride</a> in Voskresensk; formaldehyde in Klin, Kolomna, Mytishchi and Podolsk, phenol in Serpukhov. The most polluted rivers are Moscow, Oka and Klyazma. In the Moscow area and in major cities (in particular, in Podolsk, Orekhovo-Zuyevo, Serpukhov, <a href="/wiki/Lukhovitsy" title="Lukhovitsy">Lukhovitsy</a> and Stupino) also heavily polluted are groundwaters.<sup id="cite_ref-ekoport_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ekoport-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Oblast&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Moscow" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duchy of Moscow">Grand Duchy of Moscow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Governorate" title="Moscow Governorate">Moscow Governorate</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Battle_of_Borodino_panorama_fragment_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Battle_of_Borodino_panorama_fragment_1.jpg/830px-Battle_of_Borodino_panorama_fragment_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="830" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Battle_of_Borodino_panorama_fragment_1.jpg/1245px-Battle_of_Borodino_panorama_fragment_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Battle_of_Borodino_panorama_fragment_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1442" data-file-height="340" /></a><figcaption>Section of the panorama of the Battle of Borodino by <a href="/wiki/Franz_Roubaud" title="Franz Roubaud">Franz Roubaud</a> (1912)</figcaption></figure> <p>The territory of what is now Moscow Oblast had been inhabited for more than twenty thousand years. Numerous mounds and settlements from <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a> were discovered there. Up to the 9–10th centuries, the Moskva River basin and adjacent lands were inhabited by <a href="/wiki/Finnic_peoples" title="Finnic peoples">Finnic peoples</a>. <a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavs</a> populated the area only in the 10th century. In mid-12th century, the lands became part of <a href="/wiki/Vladimir-Suzdal" title="Vladimir-Suzdal">Vladimir-Suzdal Principality</a>. Several important cities were founded around that time, including <a href="/wiki/Volokolamsk" title="Volokolamsk">Volokolamsk</a> (1135), Moscow (1147), <a href="/wiki/Zvenigorod" title="Zvenigorod">Zvenigorod</a> (1152), and <a href="/wiki/Dmitrov" title="Dmitrov">Dmitrov</a> (1154). In the first half of the 13th century, the entire Vladimir-Suzdal Principality, including the Moscow area, was <a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Rus%27" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongol invasion of Rus'">conquered</a> by the Mongols.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lissner_TroiceSergievaLavr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Lissner_TroiceSergievaLavr.jpg/220px-Lissner_TroiceSergievaLavr.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Lissner_TroiceSergievaLavr.jpg/330px-Lissner_TroiceSergievaLavr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Lissner_TroiceSergievaLavr.jpg/440px-Lissner_TroiceSergievaLavr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2016" data-file-height="1400" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sergius_of_Radonezh" title="Sergius of Radonezh">Sergius of Radonezh</a> blesses Dmitry Donskoy, before the Battle of Kulikovo</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 13th century, the land around Moscow was part of <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Moscow" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duchy of Moscow">Grand Duchy of Moscow</a>, which subsequently was the center of the unification of Russian lands, in particular the Mongol raids. In 1380, from Kolomna the prince <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Donskoy" title="Dmitry Donskoy">Dmitry Donskoy</a> led his troops to defeat the Mongols at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kulikovo" title="Battle of Kulikovo">Battle of Kulikovo</a>. The southern part of Moscow Oblast was then part of the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Ryazan" title="Principality of Ryazan">Principality of Ryazan</a>; it was attached to Moscow only in the 1520.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1708, <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Governorate" title="Moscow Governorate">Moscow Governorate</a> was established by the decree of <a href="/wiki/Peter_the_Great" title="Peter the Great">Peter the Great</a>; the area included most of the present Moscow Oblast. The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Borodino" title="Battle of Borodino">Battle of Borodino</a>, which decided the outcome of the <a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Russia" title="French invasion of Russia">French invasion of Russia</a> was fought in 1812 near <a href="/wiki/Mozhaysk" title="Mozhaysk">Mozhaysk</a>. </p><p>Industries developed in Moscow Oblast in the 17–19th centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-brit_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were centered in <a href="/wiki/Noginsk" title="Noginsk">Bogorodsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pavlovsky_Posad" title="Pavlovsky Posad">Pavlovsky Posad</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Orekhovo-Zuyevo" title="Orekhovo-Zuyevo">Orekhovo-Zuyevo</a> and were dominated by textile production. The first railway in Russia was constructed in the Moscow Oblast in 1851, connecting Moscow and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, and in 1862 the line to <a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod" title="Nizhny Novgorod">Nizhny Novgorod</a> was opened. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Russian SFSR</a>, <i>Central Industrial Oblast</i> was established on January 14, 1929.<sup id="cite_ref-Established_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Established-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It included the abolished <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Governorate" title="Moscow Governorate">Moscow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ryazan_Governorate" title="Ryazan Governorate">Ryazan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tver_Governorate" title="Tver Governorate">Tver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tula_Governorate" title="Tula Governorate">Tula</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Governorate" title="Vladimir Governorate">Vladimir</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kaluga_Governorate" title="Kaluga Governorate">Kaluga Governorates</a>. The oblast was divided into ten <a href="/wiki/Okrug" title="Okrug">okrugs</a> and had the administrative center in Moscow. On June 3, 1929, the area was renamed <i>Moscow Oblast</i> and on July 30, 1930, the division into ten okrugs was abolished.<sup id="cite_ref-h1_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h1-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-h2_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h2-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Parts of the then bulky <i>Moscow Oblast</i> were gradually transferred to other divisions. In particular, twenty-six districts became part of Kalinin Oblast in January 1935, and another seventy-seven districts were separated in September 1937 as <a href="/wiki/Tula_Oblast" title="Tula Oblast">Tula</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ryazan_Oblast" title="Ryazan Oblast">Ryazan Oblasts</a>. <a href="/wiki/Borovsky_District" title="Borovsky District">Borovsky</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vysokinichsky_District&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vysokinichsky District (page does not exist)">Vysokinichsky District</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD" class="extiw" title="ru:Высокиничский район">ru</a>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/Maloyaroslavetsky_District" title="Maloyaroslavetsky District">Maloyaroslavetsky</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ugodsko-Zavodsky_District&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ugodsko-Zavodsky District (page does not exist)">Ugodsko-Zavodsky</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Petushinsky_District" title="Petushinsky District">Petushinsky Districts</a> were transferred in 1944 to Kaluga and Vladimir Oblasts.<sup id="cite_ref-h1_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h1-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-h2_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h2-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1941 and 1942, one of the most significant military operations of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>—the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moscow" title="Battle of Moscow">Battle of Moscow</a>—was fought in the Moscow Oblast. Germany reached Solnechnogorsky, Klinsky, Istrinsky, Lobninsky, Khimkinsky, Naro-Fominsky, Volokolamsky, Kolomensky, Kashirsky, Serybryano-Prudsky Districts and others.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Russia" title="Constitution of Russia">Constitution of Russia</a>, adopted in December 1993, Moscow Oblast is one of the 83 <a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">federal subjects of Russia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Oblast&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industry">Industry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Oblast&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Soyuz_TMA-6_spacecraft.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Soyuz_TMA-6_spacecraft.jpg/220px-Soyuz_TMA-6_spacecraft.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Soyuz_TMA-6_spacecraft.jpg/330px-Soyuz_TMA-6_spacecraft.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Soyuz_TMA-6_spacecraft.jpg/440px-Soyuz_TMA-6_spacecraft.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2936" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Soyuz-TMA" class="mw-redirect" title="Soyuz-TMA">Soyuz-TMA</a>-6 spacecraft developed by <a href="/wiki/S.P._Korolev_Rocket_and_Space_Corporation_Energia" class="mw-redirect" title="S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia">Energia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In terms of industrial production, Moscow Oblast is second in Russia, after the city of Moscow. The industry of the Oblast relies on imported raw materials, strong scientific and technological base and highly skilled workforce; it is closely linked with the industry of Moscow. </p><p>Well developed are machinery and metalworking. There are plants for the thermal and nuclear power engineering (<a href="/w/index.php?title=ZiO-Podolsk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ZiO-Podolsk (page does not exist)">ZiO-Podolsk</a> in <a href="/wiki/Podolsk" title="Podolsk">Podolsk</a>), nuclear fuel (<a href="/wiki/TVEL" title="TVEL">TVEL</a> in <a href="/wiki/Elektrostal" title="Elektrostal">Elektrostal</a>), space and missile (<a href="/wiki/S.P._Korolev_Rocket_and_Space_Corporation_Energia" class="mw-redirect" title="S.P. Korolev Rocket and Space Corporation Energia">Energia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Korolyov_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Korolyov (city)">Korolyov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lavochkin" title="Lavochkin">Lavochkin</a> in <a href="/wiki/Khimki" title="Khimki">Khimki</a>, NGO engineering in <a href="/wiki/Reutov" title="Reutov">Reutov</a>, FTSDT "Union" in <a href="/wiki/Dzerzhinsky,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Dzerzhinsky, Moscow Oblast">Dzerzhinsky</a> – development of solid rocket fuel, etc., IBC "Horizon" in <a href="/wiki/Dzerzhinsky_(town)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dzerzhinsky (town)">Dzerzhinsky</a> – power plants for aircraft, etc.); locomotives (<a href="/wiki/Kolomna_Locomotive_Works" title="Kolomna Locomotive Works">Kolomna factory</a>), metro cars (<a href="/wiki/Metrowagonmash" title="Metrowagonmash">Metrowagonmash</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mytischi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mytischi">Mytischi</a>), electric trains (Demikhovsky Engineering Works), cars (<a href="/wiki/SeAZ" title="SeAZ">SeAZ</a>), buses (Likinsky bus plant in <a href="/wiki/Likino-Dulyovo" title="Likino-Dulyovo">Likino-Dulyovo</a>); agricultural machines, excavators and cranes (<a href="/wiki/Lyubertsy" title="Lyubertsy">Lyubertsy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dmitrov" title="Dmitrov">Dmitrov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balashikha" title="Balashikha">Balashikha</a>); stainless steel (<a href="/wiki/Elektrostal" title="Elektrostal">Elektrostal</a>), cables (<a href="/wiki/Podolsk" title="Podolsk">Podolsk</a>), optical devices (Krasnogorsky plant, Lytkarino Optical Glass Factory). </p><p>There are many defense enterprises, such as Russian Center for demonstrations of weapons, military equipment and technology in <a href="/wiki/Krasnoarmeysk,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Krasnoarmeysk, Moscow Oblast">Krasnoarmeysk</a>; <a href="/wiki/Kamov" title="Kamov">Kamov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phazotron" class="mw-redirect" title="Phazotron">Phazotron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bazalt" class="mw-redirect" title="Bazalt">Bazalt</a>, <a href="/wiki/NPP_Zvezda" title="NPP Zvezda">NPP Zvezda</a>, <a href="/wiki/MKB_Fakel" title="MKB Fakel">MKB Fakel</a>, <a href="/wiki/MKB_Raduga" title="MKB Raduga">MKB Raduga</a>, National Research Institute of Aviation Systems, Krasnozavodsk Chemical Plant, <a href="/wiki/Tikhomirov_Scientific_Research_Institute_of_Instrument_Design" title="Tikhomirov Scientific Research Institute of Instrument Design">Tikhomirov Scientific Research Institute of Instrument Design</a>, Moscow Research Institute "Agat", <a href="/wiki/Dolgoprudnenskoe_Scientific_Production_Plant" title="Dolgoprudnenskoe Scientific Production Plant">Dolgoprudnenskoe Scientific Production Plant</a>, and many others. </p><p>Chemical industry of the Oblast produces acids (<a href="/wiki/Shchyolkovo" title="Shchyolkovo">Shchyolkovo</a>), mineral fertilizers (plants named "Phosphates" and "Mineral fertilizers" in <a href="/wiki/Voskresensk,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Voskresensk, Moscow Oblast">Voskresensk</a>), synthetic fibers (<a href="/wiki/Serpukhov" title="Serpukhov">Serpukhov</a> and <a href="/wiki/Klin,_Klinsky_District,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Klin, Klinsky District, Moscow Oblast">Klin</a>), plastics (<a href="/wiki/Orekhovo-Zuyevo" title="Orekhovo-Zuyevo">Orekhovo-Zuyevo</a>), varnishes and paints (Sergiyev Posad, Odintsovsky paint factories), pharmaceuticals (<a href="/wiki/Staraya_Kupavna" title="Staraya Kupavna">Staraya Kupavna</a>). There is a well-developed industry of construction materials with production of cement in Voskresensk and Kolomna (Shchurovsky cement factory), earthenware, porcelain in the <a href="/wiki/Likino-Dulyovo" title="Likino-Dulyovo">Likino-Dulyovo</a> (Dulevo Porcelain Factory) and <a href="/wiki/Verbilki" title="Verbilki">Verbilki</a> and dry mortar plant in Krasnogorsk.<sup id="cite_ref-brit_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="center" style="font-size:88%"><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bus_LiAZ-5292.20.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="LiAZ-5292"><img alt="LiAZ-5292" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Bus_LiAZ-5292.20.jpeg/160px-Bus_LiAZ-5292.20.jpeg" decoding="async" width="160" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Bus_LiAZ-5292.20.jpeg/240px-Bus_LiAZ-5292.20.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Bus_LiAZ-5292.20.jpeg/320px-Bus_LiAZ-5292.20.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1572" data-file-height="1162" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/LiAZ_(Russia)" title="LiAZ (Russia)">LiAZ-5292</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ka-52_061.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ka-52 "Alligator" by Kamov"><img alt="Ka-52 "Alligator" by Kamov" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Ka-52_061.jpg/160px-Ka-52_061.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Ka-52_061.jpg/240px-Ka-52_061.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Ka-52_061.jpg/320px-Ka-52_061.jpg 2x" data-file-width="919" data-file-height="628" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Kamov_Ka-50" title="Kamov Ka-50">Ka-52 "Alligator"</a> by <a href="/wiki/Kamov" title="Kamov">Kamov</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D0%AD%D0%9F70%D0%91%D0%A1-035_2009-03.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Diesel TEP70BS (Kolomna plant)"><img alt="Diesel TEP70BS (Kolomna plant)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/%D0%A2%D0%AD%D0%9F70%D0%91%D0%A1-035_2009-03.jpg/160px-%D0%A2%D0%AD%D0%9F70%D0%91%D0%A1-035_2009-03.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/%D0%A2%D0%AD%D0%9F70%D0%91%D0%A1-035_2009-03.jpg/240px-%D0%A2%D0%AD%D0%9F70%D0%91%D0%A1-035_2009-03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/%D0%A2%D0%AD%D0%9F70%D0%91%D0%A1-035_2009-03.jpg/320px-%D0%A2%D0%AD%D0%9F70%D0%91%D0%A1-035_2009-03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Diesel TEP70BS (Kolomna plant)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ra2m.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Railcar Rail bus (Metrovagonmash)"><img alt="Railcar Rail bus (Metrovagonmash)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Ra2m.jpg/153px-Ra2m.jpg" decoding="async" width="153" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Ra2m.jpg/230px-Ra2m.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Ra2m.jpg/306px-Ra2m.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="706" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Railcar Rail bus (<a href="/wiki/Metrovagonmash" class="mw-redirect" title="Metrovagonmash">Metrovagonmash</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ED4MKM-AERO.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Electric train ED4MKM-AERO (Demikhovsky Engineering Works)"><img alt="Electric train ED4MKM-AERO (Demikhovsky Engineering Works)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/ED4MKM-AERO.jpg/160px-ED4MKM-AERO.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/ED4MKM-AERO.jpg/240px-ED4MKM-AERO.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/ED4MKM-AERO.jpg/320px-ED4MKM-AERO.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Electric train ED4MKM-AERO (Demikhovsky Engineering Works)</div> </li> </ul></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Light_industry" title="Light industry">Light industry</a> is the oldest in the region; it was started in the 17th century<sup id="cite_ref-brit_30-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and with 35% contribution was leading the gross industrial production. There is still production of cotton (in Yegoryevsk, <a href="/wiki/Noginsk" title="Noginsk">Noginsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orekhovo-Zuyevo" title="Orekhovo-Zuyevo">Orekhovo-Zuyevo</a>), wool (in <a href="/wiki/Pavlovsky_Posad" title="Pavlovsky Posad">Pavlovsky Posad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pushkino,_Pushkinsky_District,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Pushkino, Pushkinsky District, Moscow Oblast">Pushkino</a>) and jerseys (in <a href="/wiki/Ivanteyevka,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Ivanteyevka, Moscow Oblast">Ivanteyevka</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dmitrov" title="Dmitrov">Dmitrov</a>). The silk production in <a href="/wiki/Naro-Fominsk" title="Naro-Fominsk">Naro-Fominsk</a> had been stopped. Traditional and renowned crafts include <a href="/wiki/Gzhel" title="Gzhel">Gzhel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zhostovo_painting" title="Zhostovo painting">Zhostovo painting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fedoskino_miniature" title="Fedoskino miniature">Fedoskino miniature</a>. Large foreign investment projects include the plant for manufacturing household appliances (TV sets, washing machines, refrigerators, etc.) by the South Korean company <a href="/wiki/LG_Corp." class="mw-redirect" title="LG Corp.">LG</a> built near the village of Dorokhovo.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="center" style="font-size:88%"><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Examples of the Gzhel style"><img alt="Examples of the Gzhel style" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C.JPG/220px-%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C.JPG/330px-%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C.JPG/440px-%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Examples of the Gzhel style</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Example of Zhostovo painting"><img alt="Example of Zhostovo painting" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81.jpg/214px-%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81.jpg/321px-%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81.jpg/428px-%D0%96%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3084" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Example of Zhostovo painting</div> </li> </ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy">Energy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Oblast&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Energy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kashira_Power_Plant_(01).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Kashira_Power_Plant_%2801%29.jpg/220px-Kashira_Power_Plant_%2801%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Kashira_Power_Plant_%2801%29.jpg/330px-Kashira_Power_Plant_%2801%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Kashira_Power_Plant_%2801%29.jpg/440px-Kashira_Power_Plant_%2801%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2434" data-file-height="1308" /></a><figcaption>The largest source of electricity in the Moscow region – <a href="/wiki/Kashira_Power_Plant" title="Kashira Power Plant">Kashira Power Plant</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1999, Moscow Oblast consumed 15.4 billion m<sup>3</sup> of natural gas, 3.32 million tonnes of oil, 2.13 million tonnes of coal and 8.5 billion kWh of electricity. Electricity for the Oblast is provided by the <a href="/wiki/Kashirskaya_thermal_power_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashirskaya thermal power plant">Kashirskaya thermal power plant</a> (TPP, 1910 MW), Dzerzhynskaya TPP No 22 (1300 MW), <a href="/wiki/Thermal_Power_Plant_27" title="Thermal Power Plant 27">Thermal Power Plant 27</a> (1100 MW), <a href="/wiki/Shatura_Power_Station" title="Shatura Power Station">Shatura Power Station</a> (1100 MW), Zagorskaya <a href="/wiki/Pumped-storage_hydroelectricity" title="Pumped-storage hydroelectricity">hydroelectric power plant</a> (1200 MW), Elektrogorsk TPP (623 MW) and several smaller plants. Major new energy project in the region is the construction of Zagorsk hydroelectric plant with the capacity of 840 MW. The deficit of energy is provided by powerlines connecting the region with Saint Petersburg, <a href="/wiki/Volga_Hydroelectric_Station" title="Volga Hydroelectric Station">Volga Hydroelectric Station</a> and other energy suppliers.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agriculture">Agriculture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Oblast&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Agriculture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Agriculture has a relatively minor role in the economy of the Oblast. Only 25% of land is cultivated and another 15% are used for other activities such as <a href="/wiki/Livestock" title="Livestock">livestock</a> farming. Agriculture is the least developed in the northern, eastern and western border regions. In the southern region, especially south of the Oka River, more than 50% of land is used in agriculture. <a href="/wiki/Horticulture" title="Horticulture">Horticulture</a> is typical for the southern region with most of the sown area (more than 3/5) occupied by forage crops. Large areas are reserved for grains, especially wheat, <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oats" class="mw-redirect" title="Oats">oats</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rye" title="Rye">rye</a>, and significant role plays potato. Greenhouses are very common and <a href="/wiki/Moskovsky,_Moscow_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Moskovsky, Moscow Oblast">Moskovsky</a> city hosts the largest greenhouse complex in Europe. Also grown are <a href="/wiki/Flowers" class="mw-redirect" title="Flowers">flowers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mushroom" title="Mushroom">mushrooms</a>. <a href="/wiki/Livestock" title="Livestock">Livestock</a> farming predominates over the crop, and is primarily aimed at the production of milk and meat. In addition to cattle, commonly bred are pigs and chickens.<sup id="cite_ref-brit_30-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The economic crisis of the 1990s in Russia had severely affected the agriculture of Moscow Oblast. In particular, in the 2000s, as compared with 1970–80s, the grain production has fallen by more than 3 times; potatoes by 2.5 times; vegetables, livestock and poultry by 30%; milk by 2 times and eggs by 4 times.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport">Transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Oblast&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sluice_nr3_-_Moscow_Canal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Sluice_nr3_-_Moscow_Canal.jpg/220px-Sluice_nr3_-_Moscow_Canal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Sluice_nr3_-_Moscow_Canal.jpg/330px-Sluice_nr3_-_Moscow_Canal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Sluice_nr3_-_Moscow_Canal.jpg/440px-Sluice_nr3_-_Moscow_Canal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>The gateway to the <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Canal" title="Moscow Canal">Moscow Canal</a> in <a href="/wiki/Yakhroma" title="Yakhroma">Yakhroma</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Moscow Oblast has a dense transport network, including roads, railways and waterways along the largest rivers, lakes and reservoirs. Land routes are radially diverging from Moscow and crossed by one railway and <a href="/wiki/MKAD" class="mw-redirect" title="MKAD">two highway</a> rings. Neither railways nor roads, built for the most part many years ago, can cope with the steadily mounting traffic flows. About half of the roads are overloaded and three quarters do not meet modern requirements. Insufficient width of the roads and frequent repairs cause traffic jams.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Moscow Oblast has the highest density of railways in Russia. Eleven major radial lines originate in Moscow and run through the Oblast; the total length of the railways reaches 2,700 km. Almost all railroads are electrified. The largest rail hubs are <a href="/wiki/Orekhovo-Zuyevo" title="Orekhovo-Zuyevo">Orekhovo-Zuyevo</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bekasovo,_Moscow_Oblast&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bekasovo, Moscow Oblast (page does not exist)">Bekasovo</a>. Regular navigation is carried on the rivers Volga, Oka and Moscow, as well as on the <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Canal" title="Moscow Canal">Moscow Canal</a>. Major river ports are in Serpukhov and Kolomna. Also well-developed is pipeline transport. There are two major oil lines, two natural gas rings and numerous radial lines connecting Moscow with the largest gas producing regions of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Moscow and Moscow Oblast have several international passenger <a href="/wiki/Airport" title="Airport">airports</a>, namely <a href="/wiki/Sheremetyevo_International_Airport" title="Sheremetyevo International Airport">Sheremetyevo</a> (with two terminals), <a href="/wiki/Vnukovo_International_Airport" title="Vnukovo International Airport">Vnukovo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Domodedovo_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Domodedovo International Airport">Domodedovo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ostafyevo_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Ostafyevo International Airport">Ostafyevo</a>. There is also <a href="/wiki/Bykovo_Airport" title="Bykovo Airport">Bykovo</a> Airport, which is used for freight. The largest military airport is <a href="/wiki/Chkalovsky_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Chkalovsky Airport">Chkalovsky</a> (near <a href="/wiki/Shchyolkovo" title="Shchyolkovo">Shchyolkovo</a>) which also processes some civilian passenger and cargo flights. </p><p>Major highways of Moscow Oblast are as follows: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/M1_highway_(Russia)" title="M1 highway (Russia)">Minsk highway</a> (M1 "Belarus" Moscow – <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>) (E101)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M2_highway_(Russia)" title="M2 highway (Russia)">Simferopol highway</a> (M2 "Crimea") Moscow – <a href="/wiki/Belgorod" title="Belgorod">Belgorod</a> (E105)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M3_highway_(Russia)" title="M3 highway (Russia)">Kiev highway</a> (M3 "Ukraine" Moscow – <a href="/wiki/Kaluga" title="Kaluga">Kaluga</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bryansk" title="Bryansk">Bryansk</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M4_highway_(Russia)" title="M4 highway (Russia)">M4 highway (Russia)</a> (M4 "Don" <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> – <a href="/wiki/Voronezh" title="Voronezh">Voronezh</a> - <a href="/wiki/Rostov-on-Don" title="Rostov-on-Don">Rostov-on-Don</a> - <a href="/wiki/Krasnodar" title="Krasnodar">Krasnodar</a>) (E115)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M5_highway_(Russia)" title="M5 highway (Russia)">Ryazan highway</a> (M5 "Ural" Moscow – <a href="/wiki/Chelyabinsk" title="Chelyabinsk">Chelyabinsk</a>) (E30)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M7_highway_(Russia)" title="M7 highway (Russia)">Nizhny Novgorod highway</a> (M7 "Volga" Moscow – <a href="/wiki/Ufa" title="Ufa">Ufa</a>) (E22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M8_highway_(Russia)" title="M8 highway (Russia)">Kholmogory – Yaroslavl highway</a> (M8 "Kholmogory" Moscow – <a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk" title="Arkhangelsk">Arkhangelsk</a>) (E115)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M9_highway_(Russia)" title="M9 highway (Russia)">Novorizhskoe highway</a> (M9 "Baltic" Moscow – <a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a>) (E22)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M10_highway_(Russia)" title="M10 highway (Russia)">Leningrad highway</a> (M10 "Russia" Moscow – <a href="/wiki/Tver" title="Tver">Tver</a> – <a href="/wiki/Novgorod" class="mw-redirect" title="Novgorod">Novgorod</a> – <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>) (E105)</li> <li>Mozhaysk highway (A100 Moscow – <a href="/wiki/Borodino_(village),_Mozhaysky_District,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Borodino (village), Mozhaysky District, Moscow Oblast">Borodino</a>)</li> <li>М11 Neva Moscow–Saint Petersburg motorway</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_route_A101" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian route A101">Kaluga highway</a> (A101, Moscow – <a href="/wiki/Troitsk,_Moscow_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Troitsk, Moscow Oblast">Troitsk</a> – <a href="/wiki/Obninsk" title="Obninsk">Obninsk</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kaluga" title="Kaluga">Kaluga</a>)</li> <li>Schelkovskoe highway (A103 Moscow – <a href="/wiki/Shchyolkovo" title="Shchyolkovo">Shchyolkovo</a> – <a href="/wiki/Chernogolovka" title="Chernogolovka">Chernogolovka</a>)</li> <li>Dmitrovskoe (A104 Moscow – <a href="/wiki/Dubna" title="Dubna">Dubna</a>)</li> <li>Small Concrete Ring (A107)</li> <li>Large Concrete Ring (А108)</li> <li>Central Ring Road (А113)</li> <li>Yegoryevsk highway (R105 Moscow – <a href="/wiki/Kasimov" title="Kasimov">Kasimov</a>)</li> <li>Pyatnitskoe highway (R111 Moscow – <a href="/wiki/Solnechnogorsk" title="Solnechnogorsk">Solnechnogorsk</a>)</li> <li>Rogachev highway (P113 <a href="/wiki/Lobnya" title="Lobnya">Lobnya</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rogachevo,_Dmitrovsky_District,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Rogachevo, Dmitrovsky District, Moscow Oblast">Rogachevo</a>)</li> <li>Nosovihinskoe highway (Moscow – <a href="/wiki/Likino-Dulyovo" title="Likino-Dulyovo">Likino-Dulyovo</a>)</li> <li>Warsaw highway (Moscow – <a href="/wiki/Podolsk" title="Podolsk">Podolsk</a> – <a href="/wiki/Obninsk" title="Obninsk">Obninsk</a> – <a href="/wiki/Roslavl" title="Roslavl">Roslavl</a>)</li> <li>Borovskoye highway (Moscow – <a href="/wiki/Vnukovo_District" title="Vnukovo District">Vnukovo</a>)</li> <li>Rublyovo-Uspenskoe highway</li> <li>Dzerzhynsk highway (<a href="/wiki/Dzerzhinsky,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Dzerzhinsky, Moscow Oblast">Dzerzhinsky</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kotelniki" title="Kotelniki">Kotelniki</a> – Novoryazanskoye highway)</li> <li>Ostashkovskoye highway (Moscow – <a href="/wiki/Mytischi" class="mw-redirect" title="Mytischi">Mytischi</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_awards">Government and awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Oblast&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Government and awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Russian_ISS_Flight_Control_Room.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Russian_ISS_Flight_Control_Room.jpg/220px-Russian_ISS_Flight_Control_Room.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Russian_ISS_Flight_Control_Room.jpg/330px-Russian_ISS_Flight_Control_Room.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Russian_ISS_Flight_Control_Room.jpg/440px-Russian_ISS_Flight_Control_Room.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2936" data-file-height="1888" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/RKA_Mission_Control_Center" title="RKA Mission Control Center">RKA Mission Control Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Korolyov,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Korolyov, Moscow Oblast">Korolyov</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Moscow Oblast was awarded three <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Lenin" title="Order of Lenin">Orders of Lenin</a>, on 3 January 1934, 17 December 1956 and 5 December 1966. </p><p>The highest executive organ is the Government of Moscow Oblast. Eighteen ministries act as the executive bodies of state authority.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The powers, tasks, functions and competence of the Government are defined by the Charter of the Moscow Region. The <a href="/wiki/Governor" title="Governor">Governor</a> of the Moscow Oblast will be elected with the term of 5 years.<sup id="cite_ref-ustav_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ustav-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Regional Duma of Moscow Oblast was formed on 12 December 1993. It consists of 50 deputies also serving a 5-year term.<sup id="cite_ref-ustav_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ustav-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Sergey_Shoygu" class="mw-redirect" title="Sergey Shoygu">Sergey Shoygu</a> was elected as Governor of Moscow Oblast in April 2012 by the Moscow Oblast Duma.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shoygu left office after only six months with his appointment when he was appointed as <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Defence (Russia)">Minister of Defence</a> by Vladimir Putin. <a href="/wiki/Andrey_Yuryevich_Vorobyov" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrey Yuryevich Vorobyov">Andrei Vorobyov</a> was appointed as acting governor and won a full term to the office in the <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Oblast_gubernatorial_election,_2013" class="mw-redirect" title="Moscow Oblast gubernatorial election, 2013">2013 elections</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Science">Science</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Oblast&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Science"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Moscow Oblast has a high density of scientific research institutions, especially related to engineering and military technologies. The latter started developing in the region in 1930–1940s in <a href="/wiki/Zhukovsky_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhukovsky (city)">Zhukovsky</a> (aeronautical engineering), <a href="/wiki/Klimovsk" title="Klimovsk">Klimovsk</a> (development of small arms), <a href="/wiki/Reutov" title="Reutov">Reutov</a> (Missile Engineering), <a href="/wiki/Fryazino" title="Fryazino">Fryazino</a> (microwave electronics)<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Korolyov_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Korolyov (city)">Korolyov</a> (space technology). They were later joined by famous centers for basic sciences in <a href="/wiki/Troitsk,_Moscow_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Troitsk, Moscow Oblast">Troitsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chernogolovka" title="Chernogolovka">Chernogolovka</a> (physics and chemistry), <a href="/wiki/Dubna" title="Dubna">Dubna</a> and <a href="/wiki/Protvino" title="Protvino">Protvino</a> (nuclear physics) and <a href="/wiki/Pushchino" title="Pushchino">Pushchino</a> (biology). Moscow Oblast hosts <a href="/wiki/Mission_Control_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Mission Control Center">Mission Control Centers</a> for spacecraft (in Korolyov) and military satellites (<a href="/wiki/Krasnoznamensk,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Krasnoznamensk, Moscow Oblast">Krasnoznamensk</a>), as well as a number of test sites.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sport">Sport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Oblast&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bandy">Bandy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Oblast&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Bandy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:U23BWC-2011-rus-fin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/U23BWC-2011-rus-fin.jpg/220px-U23BWC-2011-rus-fin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/U23BWC-2011-rus-fin.jpg/330px-U23BWC-2011-rus-fin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/U23BWC-2011-rus-fin.jpg/440px-U23BWC-2011-rus-fin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3968" data-file-height="2976" /></a><figcaption>The 2011 <a href="/wiki/Bandy_World_Championship_Y-23" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandy World Championship Y-23">Bandy World Championship Y-23</a> in <a href="/wiki/Obukhovo,_Noginsky_District,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Obukhovo, Noginsky District, Moscow Oblast">Obukhovo</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Zorky_Krasnogorsk" title="Zorky Krasnogorsk">Zorky</a> from <a href="/wiki/Krasnogorsk,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast">Krasnogorsk</a> has become <a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_bandy_champions" title="List of Russian bandy champions">national bandy champions</a> three times. In the 2017–18 season, Zorky is back in <a href="/wiki/Russian_Bandy_Super_League" title="Russian Bandy Super League">Super League</a>, after one season in the second-tier league. <a href="/wiki/Obukhovo,_Noginsky_District,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Obukhovo, Noginsky District, Moscow Oblast">Obukhovo</a> is the only location in Russia without a Super League team which has a bandy venue with artificial ice.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A plan for artificial ice also existed in <a href="/wiki/Korolyov,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Korolyov, Moscow Oblast">Korolyov</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the project was abandoned. Although an indoor ice hockey-sized arena entered the plans instead, the official reason given was financial problems.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Russian <a href="/wiki/Rink_bandy" title="Rink bandy">Rink Bandy</a> Cup 2017 was played in <a href="/wiki/Balashikha" title="Balashikha">Balashikha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Speed_skating">Speed skating</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Oblast&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Speed skating"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kolomna_04-2014_img11_Skating_arena.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Kolomna_04-2014_img11_Skating_arena.jpg/220px-Kolomna_04-2014_img11_Skating_arena.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Kolomna_04-2014_img11_Skating_arena.jpg/330px-Kolomna_04-2014_img11_Skating_arena.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Kolomna_04-2014_img11_Skating_arena.jpg/440px-Kolomna_04-2014_img11_Skating_arena.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3808" data-file-height="2539" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kolomna_Speed_Skating_Center" title="Kolomna Speed Skating Center">Kolomna Speed Skating Center</a> is one of <a href="/wiki/List_of_indoor_speed_skating_rinks" title="List of indoor speed skating rinks">Russia's indoor facilities for speed skating</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/2008_European_Speed_Skating_Championships" title="2008 European Speed Skating Championships">2008 European Speed Skating Championships</a> and the <a href="/wiki/2016_World_Single_Distance_Speed_Skating_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 World Single Distance Speed Skating Championships">2016 World Single Distance Speed Skating Championships</a> were held in <a href="/wiki/Kolomna" title="Kolomna">Kolomna</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Association_football">Association football</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Oblast&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Association football"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/FK_Khimki" class="mw-redirect" title="FK Khimki">FK Khimki</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saturn_Ramenskoye" class="mw-redirect" title="Saturn Ramenskoye">Saturn Ramenskoye</a> are the most supported clubs that represent the region. The third professional club <a href="/wiki/Znamya_Truda" class="mw-redirect" title="Znamya Truda">Znamya Truda</a> is the oldest existing football club in the country founded in 1909. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture_and_recreation">Culture and recreation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Oblast&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Culture and recreation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trinity_Lavra_06-2015_img2_Holy_Spirit_Church.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Trinity_Lavra_06-2015_img2_Holy_Spirit_Church.jpg/220px-Trinity_Lavra_06-2015_img2_Holy_Spirit_Church.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Trinity_Lavra_06-2015_img2_Holy_Spirit_Church.jpg/330px-Trinity_Lavra_06-2015_img2_Holy_Spirit_Church.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Trinity_Lavra_06-2015_img2_Holy_Spirit_Church.jpg/440px-Trinity_Lavra_06-2015_img2_Holy_Spirit_Church.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3468" data-file-height="2601" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Lavra_of_St._Sergius" title="Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius">Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MoscowRegion-p1030240.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/MoscowRegion-p1030240.jpg/220px-MoscowRegion-p1030240.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/MoscowRegion-p1030240.jpg/330px-MoscowRegion-p1030240.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/MoscowRegion-p1030240.jpg/440px-MoscowRegion-p1030240.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Wooden church</figcaption></figure> <p>Moscow Oblast has numerous therapeutic and <a href="/wiki/Recreation" title="Recreation">recreational</a> facilities located mainly in western, northwestern and northern parts, and also near Moscow. Of great importance for recreation are forests, which occupy over 40% of the region, as well as horticultural activities. The region has the highest number (over 1 million) of <a href="/wiki/Dacha" title="Dacha">dachas</a> with associated individual gardens. Also numerous are manor complexes, such as those in <a href="/wiki/Abramtsevo,_Sergiyevo-Posadsky_District,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Abramtsevo, Sergiyevo-Posadsky District, Moscow Oblast">Abramtsevo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muranovo" title="Muranovo">Muranovo</a>, Ostafievo, historical towns (<a href="/wiki/Vereya,_Naro-Fominsky_District,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Vereya, Naro-Fominsky District, Moscow Oblast">Vereya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volokolamsk" title="Volokolamsk">Volokolamsk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dmitrov" title="Dmitrov">Dmitrov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zaraysk" title="Zaraysk">Zaraysk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zvenigorod" title="Zvenigorod">Zvenigorod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Istra,_Istrinsky_District,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Istra, Istrinsky District, Moscow Oblast">Istra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kolomna" title="Kolomna">Kolomna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sergiyev_Posad" title="Sergiyev Posad">Sergiyev Posad</a>, <a href="/wiki/Serpukhov" title="Serpukhov">Serpukhov</a>, etc.), monasteries (<a href="/wiki/Trinity_Lavra_of_St._Sergius" title="Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius">Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph-Volokolamsk_Monastery" title="Joseph-Volokolamsk Monastery">Joseph-Volokolamsk Monastery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Savvino-Storozhevsky_Monastery" title="Savvino-Storozhevsky Monastery">Savvino-Storozhevsky Monastery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikolo-Ugresh_monastery" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikolo-Ugresh monastery">Nikolo-Ugresh monastery</a>, etc.), and museums (<a href="/wiki/Anton_Chekhov" title="Anton Chekhov">Chekhov</a> museum in <a href="/wiki/Melikhovo" title="Melikhovo">Melikhovo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Ilyich_Tchaikovsky" title="Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky">Tchaikovsky</a> museum in Klin, Serpukhov Historical and Art Museum, etc.). The oldest surviving building is the <a href="/wiki/Kamenskoye_Church" title="Kamenskoye Church">Kamenskoye Church</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Oblast&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Percent change" class="abbr-header">±%</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1897</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">1,391,990</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1926</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">4,570,836</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+228.4%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1959</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">5,863,003</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+28.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1970</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">5,774,529</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.5%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1979</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">6,359,385</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+10.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1989</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">6,693,623</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+5.3%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2002</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">6,618,538</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.1%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2010</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">7,095,120</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+7.2%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2021</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">8,524,665</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+20.1%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: Census data</td></tr></tbody></table><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Life_expectancy_in_Russian_subject_-Moscow_Oblast.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Life_expectancy_in_Russian_subject_-Moscow_Oblast.png/300px-Life_expectancy_in_Russian_subject_-Moscow_Oblast.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Life_expectancy_in_Russian_subject_-Moscow_Oblast.png/450px-Life_expectancy_in_Russian_subject_-Moscow_Oblast.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Life_expectancy_in_Russian_subject_-Moscow_Oblast.png/600px-Life_expectancy_in_Russian_subject_-Moscow_Oblast.png 2x" data-file-width="940" data-file-height="717" /></a><figcaption>Life expectancy at birth in Moscow Oblast</figcaption></figure> <p>After the population decline from 6,693,623 as of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Census_(1989)" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet Census (1989)">1989 Census</a><sup id="cite_ref-1989Census_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1989Census-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to 6,618,538 in the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Census_(2002)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Census (2002)">2002 Census</a><sup id="cite_ref-2002Census_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2002Census-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the population of the oblast grew to 7,095,120 (<a href="/wiki/Russian_Census_(2010)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Census (2010)">2010 Census</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-2010Census_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010Census-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It increased further to 8,524,665 according to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Census_(2021)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Census (2021)">2021 Census</a><sup id="cite_ref-2021Census_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021Census-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> despite the fact that some parts of its territory were ceded to Moscow. The average population density, at 190 inhabitants/km<sup>2</sup> (2021), is the largest in Russia, due to a high proportion of urban population (78.5% in 2021). The highest density occurs in and around Moscow (<a href="/wiki/Lyuberetsky_District" title="Lyuberetsky District">Lyubertsy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balashikha" title="Balashikha">Balashikha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khimki" title="Khimki">Khimki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krasnogorsk,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast">Krasnogorsk</a>, etc.) and the lowest – about 20 people/km<sup>2</sup> – is in the outlying areas of Lotoshinsky, Shakhovskoy, Mozhaysk and Meshchersk lowlands.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_groups_in_Moscow_Oblast_(2021_Census)[64]"><span id="Ethnic_groups_in_Moscow_Oblast_.282021_Census.29.5B64.5D"></span>Ethnic groups in Moscow Oblast (2021 Census)<sup id="cite_ref-census2021_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2021-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Oblast&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Ethnic groups in Moscow Oblast (2021 Census)[64]"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Ethnicity </th> <th>Population </th> <th>Percentage </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a> </td> <td>6,873,903 </td> <td>92.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenians</a> </td> <td>70,199 </td> <td>0.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Ukrainians</a> </td> <td>54,224 </td> <td>0.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatars</a> </td> <td>46,066 </td> <td>0.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Uzbeks" title="Uzbeks">Uzbeks</a> </td> <td>39,656 </td> <td>0.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tajiks" title="Tajiks">Tajiks</a> </td> <td>37,741 </td> <td>0.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis" title="Azerbaijanis">Azerbaijanis</a> </td> <td>21,258 </td> <td>0.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Belarusians" title="Belarusians">Belarusians</a> </td> <td>15,673 </td> <td>0.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_people" title="Kyrgyz people">Kyrgyz</a> </td> <td>14,986 </td> <td>0.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Moldovans" title="Moldovans">Moldovans</a> </td> <td>12,811 </td> <td>0.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Others </td> <td>273,958 </td> <td>3.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ethnicity not stated </td> <td>1,064,190 </td> <td>– </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vital_statistics">Vital statistics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Oblast&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Vital statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Vital statistics for 2022:</b><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Births: 73,299 (9.5 per 1,000)</li> <li>Deaths: 100,920 (13.0 per 1,000)</li></ul> <p><b>Total fertility rate (2022):</b><sup id="cite_ref-gks.ru-tfr_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gks.ru-tfr-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /> 1.33 children per woman </p><p><b>Life expectancy (2021):</b><sup id="cite_ref-rosstat_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rosstat-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <br /> Total — 70.35 years (male — 65.73, female — 74.80) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Oblast&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="notheme barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:none"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Religion in Moscow Oblast as of 2012 (Sreda Arena Atlas)<sup id="cite_ref-2012ArenaAtlas_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2012ArenaAtlas-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2012Arena-religion-maps_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2012Arena-religion-maps-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodoxy</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:DarkOrchid; width:45.5%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">45.5%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:MediumOrchid; width:2.4%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">2.4%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Old_Believers" title="Old Believers">Old Believers</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Purple; width:0.5%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.5%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Russia" title="Christianity in Russia">Christians</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:DeepSkyBlue; width:3.3%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">3.3%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Russia" title="Islam in Russia">Islam</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Green; width:2.1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">2.1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Rodnovery" class="mw-redirect" title="Rodnovery">Rodnovery</a> and other native faiths</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Red; width:0.7%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.7%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Spiritual_but_not_religious" title="Spiritual but not religious">Spiritual but not religious</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:DarkSlateGray; width:29.4%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">29.4%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">Atheism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">irreligion</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Black; width:8.7%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">8.7%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other and undeclared</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:Gray; width:7.4%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">7.4%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <p>According to a 2012 survey<sup id="cite_ref-2012ArenaAtlas_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2012ArenaAtlas-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 45.5% of the population of Moscow Oblast adheres to the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a>, 3% are <a href="/wiki/Nondenominational_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nondenominational Christianity">unaffiliated</a> generic <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a>, 2% are Orthodox Christian believers who do not belong to church or belong to non-Russian <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Orthodox churches</a>, 1% are adherents of <a href="/wiki/Rodnovery" class="mw-redirect" title="Rodnovery">Rodnovery</a> (the Slavic folk religious movement) and 1% to <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>. In addition, 29% of the population declares to be "<a href="/wiki/Spiritual_but_not_religious" title="Spiritual but not religious">spiritual but not religious</a>", 9% is <a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">atheist</a>, and 9.5% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.<sup id="cite_ref-2012ArenaAtlas_69-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2012ArenaAtlas-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administrative_and_municipal_divisions">Administrative and municipal divisions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Oblast&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Administrative and municipal divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Moscow_Oblast" title="Administrative divisions of Moscow Oblast">Administrative divisions of Moscow Oblast</a></div> <div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 700px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Russia_Moscow_oblast_locator_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Russia_Moscow_oblast_locator_map.svg/700px-Russia_Moscow_oblast_locator_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="700" height="662" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Russia_Moscow_oblast_locator_map.svg/1050px-Russia_Moscow_oblast_locator_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Russia_Moscow_oblast_locator_map.svg/1400px-Russia_Moscow_oblast_locator_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2522" data-file-height="2385" /></a></span> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:372px; top:268.5px"><b><a href="/wiki/Balashikha" title="Balashikha"><span style="color: green; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">Balashi-<br />khinsky</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:277.5px; top:441.4px"><b><a href="/wiki/Chekhov,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Chekhov, Moscow Oblast"><span style="color: green; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">Chekhovsky</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:291.5px; top:146px"><b><a href="/wiki/Dmitrov" title="Dmitrov"><span style="color: green; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">Dmitrovsky</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:204px; top:251px"><b><a href="/wiki/Istra,_Istrinsky_District,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Istra, Istrinsky District, Moscow Oblast"><span style="color: green; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">Istrinsky</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:407px; top:531px"><b><a href="/wiki/Kashira" title="Kashira"><span style="color: green; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">Kashirsky</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:183px; top:146px"><b><a href="/wiki/Klin,_Klinsky_District,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Klin, Klinsky District, Moscow Oblast"><span style="color: green; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">Klinsky</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:463px; top:433px"><b><a href="/wiki/Kolomensky_District" title="Kolomensky District"><span style="color: green; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">Kolomensky</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:270.5px; top:265px"><b><a href="/wiki/Krasnogorsk,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast"><span style="color: green; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">Krasno-<br />gorsky</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:340.5px; top:338.5px"><b><a href="/wiki/Vidnoye,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Vidnoye, Moscow Oblast"><span style="color: green; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">Leninsky</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:301.3px; top:324.5px"><b><a href="/wiki/Vidnoye,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Vidnoye, Moscow Oblast"><span style="color: green; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">Leni-<br />nsky</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:56.3px; top:160px"><b><a href="/wiki/Lotoshino" title="Lotoshino"><span style="color: green; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">Lotoshinsky</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:526px; top:489px"><b><a href="/wiki/Lukhovitsy" title="Lukhovitsy"><span style="color: green; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">Lukhovitsky</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:365px; top:307px"><b><a href="/wiki/Lyuberetsky_District" title="Lyuberetsky District"><span style="color: green; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">Lyuberetsky</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:50px; top:356px"><b><a href="/wiki/Mozhaysk" title="Mozhaysk"><span style="color: green; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">Mozhaysky</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:331.4px; top:219.5px"><b><a href="/wiki/Mytishchi" title="Mytishchi"><span style="color: green; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">Mytish-<br />chinsky</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:181.6px; top:373.5px"><b><a href="/wiki/Naro-Fominsk" title="Naro-Fominsk"><span style="color: green; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">Naro-Fominsky</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:433.6px; top:253.8px"><b><a href="/wiki/Noginsk" title="Noginsk"><span style="color: green; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">Noginsky</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:216.6px; top:316.8px"><b><a href="/wiki/Odintsovo" title="Odintsovo"><span style="color: green; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">Odintsovsky</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:452.5px; top:499.5px"><b><a href="/wiki/Ozyory,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Ozyory, Moscow Oblast"><span style="color: green; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">Ozyorsky</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:521.8px; top:310.5px"><b><a href="/wiki/Orekhovo-Zuyevo" title="Orekhovo-Zuyevo"><span style="color: green; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">Orekhovo-<br />Zuyevsky</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:463px; top:296.5px"><b><a href="/wiki/Pavlovo-Posadsky_District" title="Pavlovo-Posadsky District"><span style="color: green; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">Pavlovo-<br />Posadsky</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:274px; top:391px"><b><a href="/wiki/Podolsk" title="Podolsk"><span style="color: green; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">Podolsky</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:354.5px; top:210.4px"><b><a href="/wiki/Pushkino,_Pushkinsky_District,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Pushkino, Pushkinsky District, Moscow Oblast"><span style="color: green; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">Pushkinsky</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:393px; top:356px"><b><a href="/wiki/Ramensky_District" title="Ramensky District"><span style="color: green; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">Ramensky</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:144.5px; top:303.5px"><b><a href="/wiki/Ruza,_Ruzsky_District,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Ruza, Ruzsky District, Moscow Oblast"><span style="color: green; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">Ruzsky</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:382.5px; top:125px"><b><a href="/wiki/Sergiyevo-Posadsky_District" title="Sergiyevo-Posadsky District"><span style="color: green; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">Sergiyevo-<br />Posadsky</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:449.7px; top:597.5px"><b><a href="/wiki/Serebryanye_Prudy" title="Serebryanye Prudy"><span style="color: green; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">Serebryano-<br />Prudsky</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:283.8px; top:478.5px"><b><a href="/wiki/Serpukhov" title="Serpukhov"><span style="color: green; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">Serpukhovsky</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:610px; top:342px"><b><a href="/wiki/Shatursky_District" title="Shatursky District"><span style="color: green; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">Shatursky</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:10.1px; top:237px"><b><a href="/wiki/Shakhovskaya,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Shakhovskaya, Moscow Oblast"><span style="color: green; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">Shakhovskoy</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:395.1px; top:220.9px"><b><a href="/wiki/Shchyolkovo" title="Shchyolkovo"><span style="color: green; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">Shchyo-<br />lkovsky</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:242.5px; top:202px"><b><a href="/wiki/Solnechnogorsky_District" title="Solnechnogorsky District"><span style="color: green; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">Solnech-<br />nogorsky</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:379px; top:461px"><b><a href="/wiki/Stupino,_Stupinsky_District,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Stupino, Stupinsky District, Moscow Oblast"><span style="color: green; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">Stupinsky</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:302px; top:58.5px"><b><a href="/wiki/Taldom" title="Taldom"><span style="color: green; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">Taldomsky</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:83.6px; top:223px"><b><a href="/wiki/Volokolamsk" title="Volokolamsk"><span style="color: green; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">Volokolamsky</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:470px; top:377px"><b><a href="/wiki/Voskresensk,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Voskresensk, Moscow Oblast"><span style="color: green; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">Voskre-<br />sensky</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:528.1px; top:391px"><b><a href="/wiki/Yegoryevsk" title="Yegoryevsk"><span style="color: green; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">Yegoryevsky</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:493.1px; top:538px"><b><a href="/wiki/Zaraysk" title="Zaraysk"><span style="color: green; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">Zaraysky</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:428.7px; top:372.1px"><b><a href="/wiki/Bronnitsy" title="Bronnitsy"><span style="color: magenta; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">37</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:445.5px; top:226.5px"><b><a href="/wiki/Chernogolovka" title="Chernogolovka"><span style="color: magenta; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">38</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:325.8px; top:239.1px"><b><a href="/wiki/Dolgoprudny" title="Dolgoprudny"><span style="color: magenta; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span><span style="color: black; text-decoration: bold; font-size: 1.0em;">39</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:367.8px; top:374.2px"><b><a href="/wiki/Domodedovo_(town)" title="Domodedovo (town)"><span style="color: magenta; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span><span style="color: black; text-decoration: bold; font-size: 1.0em;">40</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:278.2px; top:49.4px"><b><a href="/wiki/Dubna" title="Dubna"><span style="color: magenta; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">41</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:368.5px; top:320.3px"><b><a href="/wiki/Dzerzhinsky,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Dzerzhinsky, Moscow Oblast"><span style="color: magenta; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">42</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:454.6px; top:282.5px"><b><a href="/wiki/Elektrostal" title="Elektrostal"><span style="color: magenta; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">43</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:401.4px; top:238.4px"><b><a href="/wiki/Fryazino" title="Fryazino"><span style="color: magenta; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">44</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:380.4px; top:234.9px"><b><a href="/wiki/Ivanteyevka,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Ivanteyevka, Moscow Oblast"><span style="color: magenta; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">45</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:316px; top:254.5px"><b><a href="/wiki/Khimki" title="Khimki"><span style="color: magenta; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">46</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:298.5px; top:250.3px"><b><a href="/wiki/Khimki" title="Khimki"><span style="color: magenta; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">46</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:331.4px; top:384px"><b><a href="/wiki/Klimovsk" title="Klimovsk"><span style="color: magenta; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">47</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:498px; top:452.6px"><b><a href="/wiki/Kolomna" title="Kolomna"><span style="color: magenta; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">48</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:376.2px; top:252.4px"><b><a href="/wiki/Korolyov,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Korolyov, Moscow Oblast"><span style="color: magenta; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">49</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:374.1px; top:314px"><b><a href="/wiki/Kotelniki" title="Kotelniki"><span style="color: magenta; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">50</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:414px; top:198.5px"><b><a href="/wiki/Krasnoarmeysk,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Krasnoarmeysk, Moscow Oblast"><span style="color: magenta; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">51</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:318.1px; top:223.7px"><b><a href="/wiki/Lobnya" title="Lobnya"><span style="color: magenta; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">52</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:381.1px; top:335px"><b><a href="/wiki/Lytkarino" title="Lytkarino"><span style="color: magenta; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">53</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:530.2px; top:275.5px"><b><a href="/wiki/Orekhovo-Zuyevo" title="Orekhovo-Zuyevo"><span style="color: magenta; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">54</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:331.4px; top:370px"><b><a href="/wiki/Podolsk" title="Podolsk"><span style="color: magenta; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">55</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:284.5px; top:503px"><b><a href="/wiki/Protvino" title="Protvino"><span style="color: magenta; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">56</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:339.1px; top:515.6px"><b><a href="/wiki/Pushchino" title="Pushchino"><span style="color: magenta; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">57</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:374.1px; top:286.7px"><b><a href="/wiki/Reutov" title="Reutov"><span style="color: magenta; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">58</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:649.9px; top:311.2px"><b><a href="/wiki/Roshal_(town)" title="Roshal (town)"><span style="color: magenta; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">59</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:331.4px; top:351.8px"><b><a href="/wiki/Shcherbinka" title="Shcherbinka"><span style="color: magenta; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">60</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:310.4px; top:493.9px"><b><a href="/wiki/Serpukhov" title="Serpukhov"><span style="color: magenta; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">61</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:296.4px; top:355.3px"><b><a href="/wiki/Troitsk,_Moscow_Oblast" class="mw-redirect" title="Troitsk, Moscow Oblast"><span style="color: magenta; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">62</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:372px; top:244.7px"><b><a href="/wiki/Yubileyny,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Yubileyny, Moscow Oblast"><span style="color: magenta; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">63</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:393px; top:293.7px"><b><a href="/wiki/Zheleznodorozhny,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Zheleznodorozhny, Moscow Oblast"><span style="color: magenta; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">64</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:411.2px; top:332.9px"><b><a href="/wiki/Zhukovsky_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhukovsky (city)"><span style="color: magenta; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">65</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:234.8px; top:296.5px"><b><a href="/wiki/Zvenigorod" title="Zvenigorod"><span style="color: magenta; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">66</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:262.8px; top:328px"><b><a href="/wiki/Krasnoznamensk,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Krasnoznamensk, Moscow Oblast"><span style="color: magenta; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">67</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:227.8px; top:393.8px"><b><a href="/wiki/Molodyozhny,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Molodyozhny, Moscow Oblast"><span style="color: magenta; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">68</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:182.3px; top:241.9px"><b><a href="/wiki/Voskhod,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Voskhod, Moscow Oblast"><span style="color: magenta; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">69</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:503.6px; top:257.3px"><b><a href="/wiki/Elektrogorsk" title="Elektrogorsk"><span style="color: magenta; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">70</span></a></b></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:420.3px; top:262.2px"><b><a href="/wiki/Losino-Petrovsky" title="Losino-Petrovsky"><span style="color: magenta; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.5em;">•</span><span style="color: black; text-decoration: none; font-size: 1.0em;">71</span></a></b></div> </div> <p><br /> Administratively, the oblast is divided into 38 <a href="/wiki/City_of_federal_subject_significance" title="City of federal subject significance">cities/towns under oblast jurisdiction</a> and 36 <a href="/wiki/Raion" title="Raion">administrative districts</a>, consisting of 46 <a href="/wiki/Town_of_district_significance" title="Town of district significance">towns of district significance</a>, 72 <a href="/wiki/Urban-type_settlement" title="Urban-type settlement">urban-type settlements</a>, and 6,119 rural localities. </p><p>As of 2011, Moscow Oblast is <a href="/wiki/Municipal_divisions_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal divisions of Russia">municipally</a> subdivided into 38 urban okrugs and 36 <a href="/wiki/Raion" title="Raion">municipal districts</a>, which consist of 114 urban settlements and 193 rural settlements. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Volokolamsk_center.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Volokolamsk_center.jpg/220px-Volokolamsk_center.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Volokolamsk_center.jpg/330px-Volokolamsk_center.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Volokolamsk_center.jpg/440px-Volokolamsk_center.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Center of <a href="/wiki/Volokolamsk" title="Volokolamsk">Volokolamsk</a> in 2003</figcaption></figure> <p>The three largest cities of the oblast are <a href="/wiki/Balashikha" title="Balashikha">Balashikha</a> (215,494), <a href="/wiki/Khimki" title="Khimki">Khimki</a> (207,425), and <a href="/wiki/Podolsk" title="Podolsk">Podolsk</a> (186,961).<sup id="cite_ref-2010Census_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010Census-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most other towns have ten to fifty thousand people. The smallest town is <a href="/wiki/Vereya,_Naro-Fominsky_District,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Vereya, Naro-Fominsky District, Moscow Oblast">Vereya</a> in <a href="/wiki/Naro-Fominsky_District" title="Naro-Fominsky District">Naro-Fominsky District</a> with the population of <span class="nowrap">4,957 (<a href="/wiki/2002_Russian_census" title="2002 Russian census">2002 Census</a>)</span><sup id="cite_ref-PopCensus_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PopCensus-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Among the urban-type settlements, the largest is Nakhabino (36,546) followed by <a href="/wiki/Tomilino" title="Tomilino">Tomilino</a> (30,605).<sup id="cite_ref-2010Census_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2010Census-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The oldest populated place in the oblast is <a href="/wiki/Volokolamsk" title="Volokolamsk">Volokolamsk</a>, first mentioned in 1135; slightly younger towns are Zvenigorod (1152), Dmitrov (1154), and Kolomna (1177). </p><p>The city of <a href="/wiki/Baikonur" title="Baikonur">Baikonur</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> also belongs administratively to the oblast, as part of Odintsovsky District.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The most intensive formation of towns occurred in 1938–1940. The youngest towns are <a href="/wiki/Golitsyno,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Golitsyno, Moscow Oblast">Golitsyno</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kubinka" title="Kubinka">Kubinka</a>. They existed for quite some time, but were granted town status only in 2004. Some recent towns separated from the other towns, such as <a href="/wiki/Yubileyny,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Yubileyny, Moscow Oblast">Yubileyny</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peresvet" title="Peresvet">Peresvet</a>. </p><p>New projects have been announced at the beginning of the 21st century. One of them is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rublyovo-Arkhangelsk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rublyovo-Arkhangelsk (page does not exist)">Rublyovo-Arkhangelsk</a>, which is designed for 30,000 inhabitants with high income and is called by the media the "city for millionaires".<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another is "Great Domodedovo, 30 kilometers (19 mi) south of the <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Ring_Road" title="Moscow Ring Road">Moscow Ring Road</a>, which is designed for 450,000 residents.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new city A101 was designed for 300,000 residents in 2009 and the sale of its land in <a href="/wiki/Leninsky_District,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Leninsky District, Moscow Oblast">Leninsky District</a> has already begun; the city's construction is planned to take thirty-five years.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A part of Moscow Oblast's former territory, mainly to the southwest of the city of Moscow, was merged with the <a href="/wiki/Federal_cities_of_Russia" title="Federal cities of Russia">federal city</a> of <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> on July 1, 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-Merger_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Merger-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The housing stock of the oblast is approximately 125 million square meters. Almost all the houses are equipped with water supply, sewerage, gas,<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> central heating and hot water. However, the telephone network is underdeveloped in rural areas. In the competition for the most comfortable city of 2006 in the Moscow Oblast the winner was <a href="/wiki/Kolomna" title="Kolomna">Kolomna</a> followed by <a href="/wiki/Balashikha" title="Balashikha">Balashikha</a> (for cities with population over 100,000) and <a href="/wiki/Vidnoye,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Vidnoye, Moscow Oblast">Vidnoye</a> (<100,000) and then by <a href="/wiki/Mytishchi" title="Mytishchi">Mytishchi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Noginsk" title="Noginsk">Noginsk</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ramenskoye_houses_(rzhd_pan2_b).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ramenskoye_houses_%28rzhd_pan2_b%29.jpg/840px-Ramenskoye_houses_%28rzhd_pan2_b%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="840" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ramenskoye_houses_%28rzhd_pan2_b%29.jpg/1260px-Ramenskoye_houses_%28rzhd_pan2_b%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ramenskoye_houses_%28rzhd_pan2_b%29.jpg/1680px-Ramenskoye_houses_%28rzhd_pan2_b%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3942" data-file-height="502" /></a><figcaption><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Residential district in <a href="/wiki/Ramenskoye,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Ramenskoye, Moscow Oblast">Ramenskoye</a></div></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sister_regions">Sister regions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Oblast&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Sister regions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia"><img alt="Slovakia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Slovakia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Slovakia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bratislava_Region" title="Bratislava Region">Bratislava</a>, Slovakia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan"><img alt="Kyrgyzstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%BCy_Region" title="Chüy Region">Chüy Region</a>, Kyrgyzstan</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Île-de-France (region)">Île-de-France</a>, France</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jiangsu" title="Jiangsu">Jiangsu</a>, China</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia"><img alt="Slovenia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Flag_of_Slovenia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Slovenia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/City_Municipality_of_Ljubljana" class="mw-redirect" title="City Municipality of Ljubljana">Ljubljana</a>, Slovenia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia"><img alt="Indonesia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Palembang" title="Palembang">Palembang</a>, Indonesia</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires_Province" title="Buenos Aires Province">Buenos Aires Province</a>, Argentina</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partner_regions">Partner regions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Oblast&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Partner regions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Moscow Oblast cooperates with: </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan"><img alt="Turkmenistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkmenistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ahal_Region" title="Ahal Region">Ahal Region</a>, Turkmenistan (1995) <sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Oblast&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rural_localities_in_Moscow_Oblast" title="List of rural localities in Moscow Oblast">List of rural localities in Moscow Oblast</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Oblast&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Oblast&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FederalDistrict-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FederalDistrict_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Президент Российской Федерации. Указ №849 от 13 мая 2000 г. «О полномочном представителе Президента Российской Федерации в федеральном округе». Вступил в силу 13 мая 2000 г. Опубликован: "Собрание законодательства РФ", No. 20, ст. 2112, 15 мая 2000 г.</span></span> (President of the Russian Federation. Decree #849 of May 13, 2000 <i>On the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation in a Federal District</i>. Effective as of May 13, 2000.).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EconomicRegion-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EconomicRegion_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">Госстандарт Российской Федерации. №ОК 024-95 27 декабря 1995 г. «Общероссийский классификатор экономических регионов. 2. Экономические районы», в ред. Изменения №5/2001 ОКЭР.</span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Gosstandart" title="Gosstandart">Gosstandart</a> of the Russian Federation. #OK 024-95 December 27, 1995 <i>Russian Classification of Economic Regions. 2. Economic Regions</i>, as amended by the Amendment #5/2001 OKER. ).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Legis-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Legis_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charter of Moscow Oblast, Article 40</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LeaderNm-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LeaderNm_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Official website of Moscow Oblast. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mosreg.ru/gubernator/biografia">Andrey Yuryuvich Vorobyov</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160207033347/http://mosreg.ru/gubernator/biografia/">Archived</a> February 7, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Governor of Moscow Oblast <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LeaderTitle-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LeaderTitle_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charter of Moscow Oblast, Article 30</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-area-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-area_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220209085730/https://rosreestr.gov.ru/upload/Doc/06-upr/Ф.%2022%20за%202019%20год%20(по%20субъектам%20РФ).doc">"Сведения о наличии и распределении земель в Российской Федерации на 01.01.2019 (в разрезе субъектов Российской Федерации)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Federal_Service_for_State_Registration,_Cadastre_and_Cartography" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography">Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rosreestr.gov.ru/upload/Doc/06-upr/Ф.%2022%20за%202019%20год%20(по%20субъектам%20РФ).doc">the original</a> on February 9, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 29,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C+%D0%B2+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0+01.01.2019+%28%D0%B2+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5+%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8%29&rft.pub=Federal+Service+for+State+Registration%2C+Cadastre+and+Cartography&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frosreestr.gov.ru%2Fupload%2FDoc%2F06-upr%2F%D0%A4.%252022%2520%D0%B7%D0%B0%25202019%2520%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%2520%28%D0%BF%D0%BE%2520%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%2520%D0%A0%D0%A4%29.doc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoscow+Oblast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-d84f748bde80dac87e899490e943a9ac5d33eca8-v18-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-d84f748bde80dac87e899490e943a9ac5d33eca8-v18_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/doc_2018/bul_dr/mun_obr2018.rar">"26. Численность постоянного населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2018 года"</a>. Federal State Statistics Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%9E%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82-%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.atitle=%D0%9E%D0%B1+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8&rft.date=2011-06-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpravo.gov.ru%2Fproxy%2Fips%2F%3Fdocbody%3D%26prevDoc%3D102483854%26backlink%3D1%26%26nd%3D102148085&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoscow+Oblast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Russian-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Russian_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Official throughout the Russian Federation according to Article 68.1 of the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Russia" title="Constitution of Russia">Constitution of Russia</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Established-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Established_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Established_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Union Republics. 1987.</i>, p. 179</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OffNm-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-OffNm_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMolnet.ru2006" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Molnet.ru (May 29, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090105121322/http://www.molnet.ru/monitor.asp?NewsID=%7B9A032EE2-E74A-4253-9672-C112EA7A7B75%7D">"Московскую область назвали официально"</a> (in Russian). 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ОСНОВНЫЕ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ в 2014 г."</a> [MAIN SOCIOECONOMIC INDICATORS 2014]. <i>Regions of Russia. Socioeconomic indicators - 2015</i> (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Russian_Federal_State_Statistics_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Federal State Statistics Service">Russian Federal State Statistics Service</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180926125021/http://www.gks.ru/bgd/regl/b15_14p/IssWWW.exe/Stg/d01/01-01-1.doc">Archived</a> from the original on September 26, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 31,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B8+%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0+%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.date=1999&rft.au=B.+Prokhorov&rft.au=A.+Martynov&rft.au=V.+Artyukhov&rft.au=V.+Vinogradov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sci.aha.ru%2FATL%2Fra13a.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoscow+Oblast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2010Census-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2010Census_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2010Census_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2010Census_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2010Census_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussian_Federal_State_Statistics_Service2011" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/perepis_itogi1612.htm"><bdi lang="ru">Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1</bdi></a> [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. <bdi lang="ru">Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census]</bdi> (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Federal_State_Statistics_Service_(Russia)" title="Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)">Federal State Statistics Service</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+2010+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.+%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC+1&rft.pub=Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft.date=2011&rft.au=Russian+Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gks.ru%2Ffree_doc%2Fnew_site%2Fperepis2010%2Fcroc%2Fperepis_itogi1612.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoscow+Oblast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AdmCtr-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AdmCtr_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to Article 24 of the Charter of Moscow Oblast, the government bodies of the oblast are located in the city of Moscow and throughout the territory of Moscow Oblast. However, Moscow is not named the official administrative center of the oblast.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wagner, pp. 31–32</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wagner, pp. 32–35</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wagner, pp. 35–36</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moskvaobl.ru/">Moscow Oblast</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131014134331/http://www.moskvaobl.ru/">Archived</a> October 14, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> moskvaobl.ru (in Russian)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wagner, p. 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wagner</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wagner, p. 15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wagner, pp. 15–18</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wagner, p. 76</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wagner, pp. 73–76</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wagner, pp. 77–78</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wagner, p. 71</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shaturtorf.ru/">Site OAO Shaturtorf"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121111064450/http://shaturtorf.ru/">Archived</a> November 11, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Shaturtorf.ru. Retrieved on 2012-08-05.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wagner, p. 79</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brit-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brit_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brit_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brit_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brit_30-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brit_30-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/393408/Moscow">"Moscow (oblast, Russia)"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100728091421/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/393408/Moscow">Archived</a> from the original on July 28, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 1,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Moscow+%28oblast%2C+Russia%29&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F393408%2FMoscow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoscow+Oblast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Myachkovo NA, Sorokin VN, Climate of Moscow Oblast, Moscow, 1991 (in Russian)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210413203556/http://protown.ru/information/hide/4343.html">"Protown.ru"</a>. November 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://protown.ru/information/hide/4343.html">the original</a> on April 13, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 2,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Protown.ru&rft.date=2014-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fprotown.ru%2Finformation%2Fhide%2F4343.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoscow+Oblast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wr-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wr_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wr_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wr_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wagner BB, Klevkova IV <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wagner.pp.ru/~bert/moscow/river2.pdf">Rivers of Moscow region</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120309003313/http://www.wagner.pp.ru/~bert/moscow/river2.pdf">Archived</a> March 9, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Moscow, MGPU, 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wagner BB, Dmitrieva VT <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wagner.pp.ru/~bert/moscow/lakes.pdf">Lakes and reservoirs of the Moscow region</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201118232905/http://www.wagner.pp.ru/~bert/moscow/lakes.pdf">Archived</a> November 18, 2020, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Moscow, MGPU 2004</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lyubimova EL, Flora of Podmoskovie, Moscow, 1964</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-t-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-t_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-t_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-t_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tourov SS, Wildlife of Podmoskovie, Moscow, 1961</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ekoport-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ekoport_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ekoport_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081006170221/http://www.ecomo.ru/index.php?go=Pages">"Ecological portal Moscow Region"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ecomo.ru/index.php?go=Pages&in=view&id=1961">the original</a> on October 6, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 10,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ecological+portal+Moscow+Region&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ecomo.ru%2Findex.php%3Fgo%3DPages%26in%3Dview%26id%3D1961&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoscow+Oblast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110221215946/http://www.moskvaobl.ru/volokolamsck-history/">"History of Volokolamsk"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moskvaobl.ru/volokolamsck-history/">the original</a> on February 21, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 8,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Volokolamsk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.moskvaobl.ru%2Fvolokolamsck-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoscow+Oblast" class="Z3988"></span>. moskvaobl.ru (in Russian)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moskvaobl.ru/his/">History of Moscow Oblast</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131014134338/http://www.moskvaobl.ru/his/">Archived</a> October 14, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> moskvaobl.ru (in Russian)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-h1-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-h1_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-h1_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mosoblrosto.ru/istoria.html">Pages of History</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180926125026/http://www.mosoblrosto.ru/istoria.html">Archived</a> September 26, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Moscow Oblast (in Russian)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-h2-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-h2_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-h2_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mosoblrosto.ru/istoria.html">History</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180926125026/http://www.mosoblrosto.ru/istoria.html">Archived</a> September 26, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Official site of Moscow Oblast (in Russian)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://business.compulenta.ru/285279/">LG opened a plant in Podmoskovie</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110724081242/http://business.compulenta.ru/285279/">Archived</a> July 24, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 11 September 2006 (in Russian)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://allrussiatv.ru/mosobl/economics/">Economics</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101024205604/http://allrussiatv.ru/mosobl/economics/">Archived</a> October 24, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (in Russian)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Russian Statistical Yearbook, 2005, average for each category over 1970–1980</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Russian Statistical Yearbook, 2009, average over 2001–2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080927183258/http://www.alldoma.ru/novosti-maloetazhnogo-stroitelstva/moskovskiy-transportnyiy-uzel.html">"Московский транспортный узел – что будет дальше (Moscow transport hub – what next)"</a>. Archived from the original on September 27, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 8,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BB+%E2%80%93+%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE+%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%B5+%28Moscow+transport+hub+%E2%80%93+what+next%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alldoma.ru%2Fnovosti-maloetazhnogo-stroitelstva%2Fmoskovskiy-transportnyiy-uzel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoscow+Oblast" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span>. Alldoma.ru (29 June 2008). Retrieved on 2012-08-05.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mostransgaz.info/">"Mostransgaz"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170912035825/http://www.mostransgaz.info/">Archived</a> September 12, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Mostransgaz.info.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mosreg.ru/executive_agency_structure/">Executive authorities</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100703034458/http://www.mosreg.ru/executive_agency_structure/">Archived</a> July 3, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Mosreg.ru. Retrieved on 2012-08-05.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ustav-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ustav_49-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ustav_49-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mosreg.ru/pr_osn_statute/">Charter of Moscow Oblast</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100502083656/http://www.mosreg.ru/pr_osn_statute/">Archived</a> May 2, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (in Russian)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alexander Bratersky (2012-04-05). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/murmansk-governor-out-new-moscow-region-governor-in/456147.html">"Murmansk Governor Out, New Moscow Region Governor In"</a>. <i>The Moscow Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140826001740/http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/murmansk-governor-out-new-moscow-region-governor-in/456147.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 26, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 5,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Moscow+Times&rft.atitle=Murmansk+Governor+Out%2C+New+Moscow+Region+Governor+In&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themoscowtimes.com%2Fnews%2Farticle%2Fmurmansk-governor-out-new-moscow-region-governor-in%2F456147.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoscow+Oblast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rferl.org/content/russia-putin-appoints-acting-moscow-governor/24765297.html">Russian President Appoints Acting Governor Of Moscow Region</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121113221400/http://www.rferl.org/content/russia-putin-appoints-acting-moscow-governor/24765297.html">Archived</a> November 13, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, RFERL, November 08, 2012. Retrieved on 2012-11-12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180326181139/http://www.moscow_reg.vybory.izbirkom.ru/region/region/moscow_reg?action=show&root=1&tvd=75070001571771&vrn=75070001571767&region=50&global=&sub_region=0&prver=0&pronetvd=null&vibid=75070001571771&type=234">"Election Results"</a> (in Russian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moscow_reg.vybory.izbirkom.ru/region/region/moscow_reg?action=show&root=1&tvd=75070001571771&vrn=75070001571767&region=50&global=&sub_region=0&prver=0&pronetvd=null&vibid=75070001571771&type=234">the original</a> on March 26, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 3,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Election+Results&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.moscow_reg.vybory.izbirkom.ru%2Fregion%2Fregion%2Fmoscow_reg%3Faction%3Dshow%26root%3D1%26tvd%3D75070001571771%26vrn%3D75070001571767%26region%3D50%26global%3D%26sub_region%3D0%26prver%3D0%26pronetvd%3Dnull%26vibid%3D75070001571771%26type%3D234&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoscow+Oblast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fryazino.info/index.php?mod=photo&album=230&photo=1495">Presidential Decree of 29 December 2003 No 1531</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721202338/http://www.fryazino.info/index.php?mod=photo&album=230&photo=1495">Archived</a> July 21, 2011, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> "On conferring the status of City of Science of the Russian Federation Fryazino Moscow Region</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHall,_RexShayler,_DavidVis,_Bert2005" class="citation book cs1">Hall, Rex; Shayler, David & Vis, Bert (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zk_MkKERUokC&pg=PA74"><i>Russia's cosmonauts: inside the Yuri Gagarin Training Center</i></a>. Birkhäuser. p. 74. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-387-21894-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-387-21894-7"><bdi>0-387-21894-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230410071737/https://books.google.com/books?id=zk_MkKERUokC&pg=PA74">Archived</a> from the original on April 10, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 3,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russia%27s+cosmonauts%3A+inside+the+Yuri+Gagarin+Training+Center&rft.pages=74&rft.pub=Birkh%C3%A4user&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-387-21894-7&rft.au=Hall%2C+Rex&rft.au=Shayler%2C+David&rft.au=Vis%2C+Bert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dzk_MkKERUokC%26pg%3DPA74&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoscow+Oblast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarvey,_Brian2007" class="citation book cs1">Harvey, Brian (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kmTz6Phf5WYC&pg=PA257"><i>The rebirth of the Russian space program: 50 years after Sputnik, new frontiers</i></a>. Springer. pp. 253–258. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-387-71354-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-387-71354-0"><bdi>978-0-387-71354-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230410071709/https://books.google.com/books?id=kmTz6Phf5WYC&pg=PA257">Archived</a> from the original on April 10, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 3,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+rebirth+of+the+Russian+space+program%3A+50+years+after+Sputnik%2C+new+frontiers&rft.pages=253-258&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-387-71354-0&rft.au=Harvey%2C+Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkmTz6Phf5WYC%26pg%3DPA257&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoscow+Oblast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rusbandy.ru/stadium/67/">"Стадион «СК Обухово», Обухово"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 29,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD+%C2%AB%D0%A1%D0%9A+%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%C2%BB%2C+%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rusbandy.ru%2Fstadium%2F67%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoscow+Oblast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rusbandy.ru/news/8922/">"В Королёве обсудили перспективы развития «Вымпела»"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 29,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92+%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B2%D0%B5+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%8B+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F+%C2%AB%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%C2%BB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rusbandy.ru%2Fnews%2F8922%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoscow+Oblast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rusbandy.ru/news/9285">"Болельщики «Вымпела» просят поддержки"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 29,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%C2%AB%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B0%C2%BB+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%82+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%BA%D0%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rusbandy.ru%2Fnews%2F9285&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoscow+Oblast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rusbandy.ru/season/322/">"Кубок России по мини-хоккею с мячом - 2017 - Соревнования - Федерация хоккея с мячом России"</a>. <i>rusbandy.ru</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180316190631/http://www.rusbandy.ru/season/322/">Archived</a> from the original on March 16, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 1,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rusbandy.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8-%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%8E+%D1%81+%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%BC+-+2017+-+%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+-+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%8F+%D1%81+%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rusbandy.ru%2Fseason%2F322%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoscow+Oblast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1989Census-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1989Census_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/rus89_reg.php"><bdi lang="ru">Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров</bdi></a> [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. <bdi lang="ru">Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989]</bdi> (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via <i>Demoscope Weekly</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+1989+%D0%B3.+%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%8E%D0%B7%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%B8+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%2C+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%B8+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%91%D0%B2%2C+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%2C+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B8+%D1%81%D1%91%D0%BB-%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.pub=%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%3A+%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%88%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%5BInstitute+of+Demography+at+the+National+Research+University%3A+Higher+School+of+Economics%5D&rft.date=1989&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdemoscope.ru%2Fweekly%2Fssp%2Frus89_reg.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoscow+Oblast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2002Census-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2002Census_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFederal_State_Statistics_Service2004" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Federal_State_Statistics_Service_(Russia)" title="Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)">Federal State Statistics Service</a> (May 21, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls"><bdi lang="ru">Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек</bdi></a> [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] <span class="cs1-format">(XLS)</span>. <bdi lang="ru">Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002]</bdi> (in Russian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8%2C+%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5+%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%2C+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%E2%80%93+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B8+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D1%81+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BC+3+%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B5+%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA&rft.date=2004-05-21&rft.au=Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.perepis2002.ru%2Fct%2Fdoc%2F1_TOM_01_04.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoscow+Oblast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2021Census-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2021Census_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussian_Federal_State_Statistics_Service" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Russian Federal State Statistics Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rosstat.gov.ru/vpn/2020/Tom1_Chislennost_i_razmeshchenie_naseleniya"><bdi lang="ru">Всероссийская перепись населения 2020 года. Том 1</bdi></a> [2020 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1] <span class="cs1-format">(XLS)</span> (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Federal_State_Statistics_Service_(Russia)" title="Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)">Federal State Statistics Service</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+2020+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0.+%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC+1&rft.pub=Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft.au=Russian+Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frosstat.gov.ru%2Fvpn%2F2020%2FTom1_Chislennost_i_razmeshchenie_naseleniya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoscow+Oblast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/2010/popul10-Pr.xls">Population of Russian Federation in 2009–2010</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220331213404/https://www.gks.ru/free_doc/2010/popul10-Pr.xls">Archived</a> March 31, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved on 2012-08-05.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-census2021-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-census2021_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Tom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx">"Национальный состав населения"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Federal_State_Statistics_Service_(Russia)" title="Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)">Federal State Statistics Service</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 30,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F&rft.pub=Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frosstat.gov.ru%2Fstorage%2Fmediabank%2FTom5_tab1_VPN-2020.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoscow+Oblast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230302093910/https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Edn_12-2022_t1_2.xlsx">"Information on the number of registered births, deaths, marriages and divorces for January to December 2022"</a>. <i>ROSSTAT</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Edn_12-2022.htm">the original</a> on March 2, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 21,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ROSSTAT&rft.atitle=Information+on+the+number+of+registered+births%2C+deaths%2C+marriages+and+divorces+for+January+to+December+2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frosstat.gov.ru%2Fstorage%2Fmediabank%2FEdn_12-2022.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoscow+Oblast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230302093910/https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Edn_12-2022_t1_3.xlsx">"Birth rate, mortality rate, natural increase, marriage rate, divorce rate for January to December 2022"</a>. <i>ROSSTAT</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/Edn_12-2022.htm">the original</a> on March 2, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 21,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ROSSTAT&rft.atitle=Birth+rate%2C+mortality+rate%2C+natural+increase%2C+marriage+rate%2C+divorce+rate+for+January+to+December+2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frosstat.gov.ru%2Fstorage%2Fmediabank%2FEdn_12-2022.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoscow+Oblast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gks.ru-tfr-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gks.ru-tfr_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230810203543/https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/SMD_7.1.xlsx"><bdi lang="ru">Суммарный коэффициент рождаемости</bdi></a> [Total fertility rate]. <i><a href="/wiki/Russian_Federal_State_Statistics_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Federal State Statistics Service">Russian Federal State Statistics Service</a></i> (in Russian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rosstat.gov.ru/storage/mediabank/SMD_7.1.xlsx">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(XLSX)</span> on August 10, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 10,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Russian+Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft.atitle=%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%8D%D1%84%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82+%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frosstat.gov.ru%2Fstorage%2Fmediabank%2FSMD_7.1.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoscow+Oblast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rosstat-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-rosstat_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rosstat.gov.ru/folder/210/document/13207">"Демографический ежегодник России"</a> [The Demographic Yearbook of Russia] (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Federal_State_Statistics_Service_(Russia)" title="Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)">Federal State Statistics Service of Russia</a> (Rosstat)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 1,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.pub=Federal+State+Statistics+Service+of+Russia+%28Rosstat%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frosstat.gov.ru%2Ffolder%2F210%2Fdocument%2F13207&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoscow+Oblast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2012ArenaAtlas-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2012ArenaAtlas_69-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2012ArenaAtlas_69-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2012ArenaAtlas_69-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sreda.org/en/arena">"Arena: Atlas of Religions and Nationalities in Russia"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171206100344/http://sreda.org/en/arena">Archived</a> December 6, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Sreda, 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2012Arena-religion-maps-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2012Arena-religion-maps_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://c2.kommersant.ru/ISSUES.PHOTO/OGONIOK/2012/034/ogcyhjk2.jpg">2012 Arena Atlas Religion Maps</a>. "Ogonek", № 34 (5243), 27/08/2012. Retrieved 21/04/2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170421154615/http://c2.kommersant.ru/ISSUES.PHOTO/OGONIOK/2012/034/ogcyhjk2.jpg">Archived</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PopCensus-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PopCensus_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFederal_State_Statistics_Service2004" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Federal_State_Statistics_Service_(Russia)" title="Federal State Statistics Service (Russia)">Federal State Statistics Service</a> (May 21, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perepis2002.ru/ct/doc/1_TOM_01_04.xls"><bdi lang="ru">Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек</bdi></a> [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] <span class="cs1-format">(XLS)</span>. <bdi lang="ru">Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002]</bdi> (in Russian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8%2C+%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5+%D1%84%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9%2C+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%E2%80%93+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B8+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D1%81+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BC+3+%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B5+%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA&rft.date=2004-05-21&rft.au=Federal+State+Statistics+Service&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.perepis2002.ru%2Fct%2Fdoc%2F1_TOM_01_04.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoscow+Oblast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFodi_love2016" class="citation web cs1">odi_love (September 13, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://odi-city.livejournal.com/37621.html">"Знаете что связывает космодром Байконур и Одинцовский район?"</a>. <i>LiveJournal</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230405020348/https://odi-city.livejournal.com/37621.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 5, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 22,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LiveJournal&rft.atitle=%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5+%D1%87%D1%82%D0%BE+%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%80+%D0%B8+%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%3F&rft.date=2016-09-13&rft.au=odi_love&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fodi-city.livejournal.com%2F37621.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoscow+Oblast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314140040/https://www.mk.ru/social/2016/12/20/samym-bezopasnym-gorodom-podmoskovya-okazalsya-baykonur-v-kazakhstane.html">"Самым безопасным городом Подмосковья оказался Байконур в Казахстане"</a>. <i>MKRU</i>. December 20, 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mk.ru/social/2016/12/20/samym-bezopasnym-gorodom-podmoskovya-okazalsya-baykonur-v-kazakhstane.html">the original</a> on March 14, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 22,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MKRU&rft.atitle=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%BC+%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%BC+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D1%8F+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%80+%D0%B2+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5&rft.date=2016-12-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mk.ru%2Fsocial%2F2016%2F12%2F20%2Fsamym-bezopasnym-gorodom-podmoskovya-okazalsya-baykonur-v-kazakhstane.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoscow+Oblast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartovalieva2006" class="citation web cs1">Martovalieva, Yulia (November 2, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180421233451/http://2006.novayagazeta.ru/nomer/2006/83n/n83n-s00.shtml">"Новая карта Подмосковья, где строится параллельная страна для VIP-персон"</a> [New map of Moscow region, where the country is built parallel to the VIP -persons]. <i>2006.novayagazeta.ru</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2006.novayagazeta.ru/nomer/2006/83n/n83n-s00.shtml">the original</a> on April 21, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 5,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=2006.novayagazeta.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8C%D1%8F%2C+%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B5+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F+%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B4%D0%BB%D1%8F+VIP-%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD&rft.date=2006-11-02&rft.aulast=Martovalieva&rft.aufirst=Yulia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F2006.novayagazeta.ru%2Fnomer%2F2006%2F83n%2Fn83n-s00.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoscow+Oblast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927005517/http://www.archi.ru/events/news/news_current_press.html?nid=1983&fl=1">"Тридцать тысяч миллионеров"</a> [Thirty thousand millionaires will move into a village near Moscow]. <i>Archi.ru</i>. May 24, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archi.ru/events/news/news_current_press.html?nid=1983&fl=1">the original</a> on September 27, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 5,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Archi.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B4%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C+%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.date=2006-05-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archi.ru%2Fevents%2Fnews%2Fnews_current_press.html%3Fnid%3D1983%26fl%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoscow+Oblast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090420040353/http://www.expert.ru/printissues/thing/2007/01/bolshoe_domodedovo">"Большое Домодедово: Краснодар под Москвой"</a> [Great Domodedovo: Krasnodar, near Moscow]. <i>expert.ru</i>. April 21, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.expert.ru/printissues/thing/2007/01/bolshoe_domodedovo">the original</a> on April 20, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 8,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=expert.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%88%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%3A+%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B4+%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9&rft.date=2009-04-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.expert.ru%2Fprintissues%2Fthing%2F2007%2F01%2Fbolshoe_domodedovo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoscow+Oblast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181001193946/http://www.burs.ru/cgi-bin/lenta.cgi?data=061218165145&rubrica=629">"ГОРОДА С КУПЕЧЕСКИМ РАЗМАХОМ"</a> [Cities with the merchant scope]. <i>burs.ru</i> (in Russian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.burs.ru/cgi-bin/lenta.cgi?data=061218165145&rubrica=629">the original</a> on October 1, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=burs.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%93%D0%9E%D0%A0%D0%9E%D0%94%D0%90+%D0%A1+%D0%9A%D0%A3%D0%9F%D0%95%D0%A7%D0%95%D0%A1%D0%9A%D0%98%D0%9C+%D0%A0%D0%90%D0%97%D0%9C%D0%90%D0%A5%D0%9E%D0%9C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.burs.ru%2Fcgi-bin%2Flenta.cgi%3Fdata%3D061218165145%26rubrica%3D629&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoscow+Oblast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sob.ru/news-15-17012.html">"Masshtab" sells lands of the project A-101</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141107194153/http://sob.ru/news-15-17012.html">Archived</a> November 7, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 5 June 2005 (in Russian)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rusnovosti.ru/guests/visitor/32350/36010/">Interview with Michail Blinkin (in Russian)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141028202241/http://www.rusnovosti.ru/guests/visitor/32350/36010/">Archived</a> October 28, 2014, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Rusnovosti.ru (2009-06-08). Retrieved on 2012-08-05.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Merger-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Merger_80-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Official website of the Government of Moscow. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mos.ru/about/borders/">Draft of adopted measures of the capital and oblast governments with regards to the expansion of the borders of Moscow</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130130145828/http://www.mos.ru/about/borders/">Archived</a> January 30, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mosoblgaz.ru/">GUP MO "Mosoblgaz"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120919084625/http://mosoblgaz.ru/">Archived</a> September 19, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Mosoblgaz.ru. Retrieved on 2012-08-05.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160609003132/http://www.e-cis.info/page.php?id=22696">"Интернет портал СНГ. 7.4. Соглашения между регионом государства – участника СНГ и регионом государства – участника СНГ (Российская Федерация)"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.e-cis.info/page.php?id=22696">the original</a> on June 9, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%A1%D0%9D%D0%93.+7.4.+%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0+%E2%80%93+%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%A1%D0%9D%D0%93+%D0%B8+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0+%E2%80%93+%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%A1%D0%9D%D0%93+%28%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%A4%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-cis.info%2Fpage.php%3Fid%3D22696&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMoscow+Oblast" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Oblast&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru">№55/96-ОЗ 11 декабря 1996 г. «Устав Московской области», в ред. Закона №258/2015-ОЗ от 28 декабря 2015 г. «О поправке к Уставу Московской области». Вступил в силу через 10 дней после первого официального опубликования, за исключением положений, для которых установлены иные сроки или особый порядок введения в действие. Опубликован: "Подмосковные известия", №239, 18 декабря 1996 г.</span></span> (#55/96-OZ December 11, 1996 <i>Charter of Moscow Oblast</i>, as amended by the Law #258/2015-OZ of December 28, 2012 <i>On the Amendment to the Charter of Moscow Oblast</i>. Effective as of the date which is 10 days after the first official publication date, with the exception of clauses for which different dates or special procedures of taking effect have been established.).</li> <li>"СССР. Административно-территориальное деление союзных республик. 1987." (<i>USSR. Administrative-Territorial Structure of the Union Republics. 1987</i>) / Составители В. А. Дударев, Н. А. Евсеева. — М.: Изд-во «Известия Советов народных депутатов СССР», 1987. — 673 с.</li> <li>B.B. Wagner, B.O. Manucharyants. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wagner.pp.ru/~bert/moscow/geology.pdf">Геология, рельеф и полезные ископаемые Московского региона</a>". Moscow, MGPU, 2003. <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moscow_Oblast&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Moscow_Oblast#Q1697" class="extiw" title="voy:Moscow Oblast">Moscow Oblast</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage</li> <li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mosreg.ru/">Official website</a></span></span> – Moscow Oblast <span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Subdivisions_of_Russia" title="Template:Subdivisions of Russia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Subdivisions_of_Russia" title="Template talk:Subdivisions of Russia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Subdivisions_of_Russia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Subdivisions of Russia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Subdivisions_of_Russia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Political_divisions_of_Russia" title="Political divisions of Russia">Subdivisions of Russia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Federal_subjects"><b><a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia" title="Federal subjects of Russia">Federal subjects</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Oblasts_of_Russia" title="Oblasts of Russia">Oblasts</a> (48)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amur_Oblast" title="Amur Oblast">Amur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk_Oblast" title="Arkhangelsk Oblast">Arkhangelsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan_Oblast" title="Astrakhan Oblast">Astrakhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgorod_Oblast" title="Belgorod Oblast">Belgorod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryansk_Oblast" title="Bryansk Oblast">Bryansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chelyabinsk_Oblast" title="Chelyabinsk Oblast">Chelyabinsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irkutsk_Oblast" title="Irkutsk Oblast">Irkutsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivanovo_Oblast" title="Ivanovo Oblast">Ivanovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad_Oblast" title="Kaliningrad Oblast">Kaliningrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaluga_Oblast" title="Kaluga Oblast">Kaluga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemerovo_Oblast" title="Kemerovo Oblast">Kemerovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Kherson_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Kherson Oblast">Kherson</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirov_Oblast" title="Kirov Oblast">Kirov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kostroma_Oblast" title="Kostroma Oblast">Kostroma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurgan_Oblast" title="Kurgan Oblast">Kurgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kursk_Oblast" title="Kursk Oblast">Kursk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leningrad_Oblast" title="Leningrad Oblast">Leningrad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipetsk_Oblast" title="Lipetsk Oblast">Lipetsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magadan_Oblast" title="Magadan Oblast">Magadan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murmansk_Oblast" title="Murmansk Oblast">Murmansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizhny_Novgorod_Oblast" title="Nizhny Novgorod Oblast">Nizhny Novgorod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novgorod_Oblast" title="Novgorod Oblast">Novgorod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novosibirsk_Oblast" title="Novosibirsk Oblast">Novosibirsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omsk_Oblast" title="Omsk Oblast">Omsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orenburg_Oblast" title="Orenburg Oblast">Orenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oryol_Oblast" title="Oryol Oblast">Oryol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penza_Oblast" title="Penza Oblast">Penza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pskov_Oblast" title="Pskov Oblast">Pskov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostov_Oblast" title="Rostov Oblast">Rostov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryazan_Oblast" title="Ryazan Oblast">Ryazan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakhalin_Oblast" title="Sakhalin Oblast">Sakhalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samara_Oblast" title="Samara Oblast">Samara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saratov_Oblast" title="Saratov Oblast">Saratov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smolensk_Oblast" title="Smolensk Oblast">Smolensk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sverdlovsk_Oblast" title="Sverdlovsk Oblast">Sverdlovsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambov_Oblast" title="Tambov Oblast">Tambov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomsk_Oblast" title="Tomsk Oblast">Tomsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tula_Oblast" title="Tula Oblast">Tula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tver_Oblast" title="Tver Oblast">Tver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyumen_Oblast" title="Tyumen Oblast">Tyumen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulyanovsk_Oblast" title="Ulyanovsk Oblast">Ulyanovsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Oblast" title="Vladimir Oblast">Vladimir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volgograd_Oblast" title="Volgograd Oblast">Volgograd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vologda_Oblast" title="Vologda Oblast">Vologda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voronezh_Oblast" title="Voronezh Oblast">Voronezh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl_Oblast" title="Yaroslavl Oblast">Yaroslavl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Zaporizhzhia_Oblast" title="Russian occupation of Zaporizhzhia Oblast">Zaporozhye</a><sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Republics_of_Russia" title="Republics of Russia">Republics</a> (24)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adygea" title="Adygea">Adygea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altai_Republic" title="Altai Republic">Altai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashkortostan" title="Bashkortostan">Bashkortostan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buryatia" title="Buryatia">Buryatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechnya" title="Chechnya">Chechnya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuvashia" title="Chuvashia">Chuvashia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Crimea_(Russia)" title="Republic of Crimea (Russia)">Crimea</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagestan" title="Dagestan">Dagestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Donetsk People's Republic">Donetsk</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingushetia" title="Ingushetia">Ingushetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabardino-Balkaria" title="Kabardino-Balkaria">Kabardino-Balkaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmykia" title="Kalmykia">Kalmykia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karachay-Cherkessia" title="Karachay-Cherkessia">Karachay-Cherkessia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="Luhansk People's Republic">Luhansk</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Karelia" title="Republic of Karelia">Karelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khakassia" title="Khakassia">Khakassia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komi_Republic" title="Komi Republic">Komi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mari_El" title="Mari El">Mari El</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordovia" title="Mordovia">Mordovia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Ossetia%E2%80%93Alania" title="North Ossetia–Alania">North Ossetia–Alania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakha_Republic" title="Sakha Republic">Sakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatarstan" title="Tatarstan">Tatarstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuva" title="Tuva">Tuva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udmurtia" title="Udmurtia">Udmurtia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Krais_of_Russia" title="Krais of Russia">Krais</a> (9)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altai_Krai" title="Altai Krai">Altai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamchatka_Krai" title="Kamchatka Krai">Kamchatka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khabarovsk_Krai" title="Khabarovsk Krai">Khabarovsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasnodar_Krai" title="Krasnodar Krai">Krasnodar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasnoyarsk_Krai" title="Krasnoyarsk Krai">Krasnoyarsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perm_Krai" title="Perm Krai">Perm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primorsky_Krai" title="Primorsky Krai">Primorsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stavropol_Krai" title="Stavropol Krai">Stavropol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zabaykalsky_Krai" title="Zabaykalsky Krai">Zabaykalsky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_okrugs_of_Russia" title="Autonomous okrugs of Russia">Autonomous okrugs</a> (4)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chukotka_Autonomous_Okrug" title="Chukotka Autonomous Okrug">Chukotka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanty-Mansi_Autonomous_Okrug" title="Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug">Khanty-Mansi</a><sup>2</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nenets_Autonomous_Okrug" title="Nenets Autonomous Okrug">Nenets</a><sup>3</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamalo-Nenets_Autonomous_Okrug" title="Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug">Yamalo-Nenets</a><sup>2</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_cities_of_Russia" title="Federal cities of Russia">Federal cities</a> (3)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevastopol" title="Sevastopol">Sevastopol</a><sup>1</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia#Types" title="Federal subjects of Russia">Autonomous oblast</a> (1)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Autonomous_Oblast" title="Jewish Autonomous Oblast">Jewish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup>1</sup>Considered by most of the international community to be part of <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li><sup>2</sup>Administratively subordinated to <a href="/wiki/Tyumen_Oblast" title="Tyumen Oblast">Tyumen Oblast</a>.</li></ul> <ul><li><sup>3</sup>Administratively subordinated to <a href="/wiki/Arkhangelsk_Oblast" title="Arkhangelsk Oblast">Arkhangelsk Oblast</a>.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Non-constitutional_official_divisions_by_various_institutions"><b>Non-constitutional official divisions by various institutions</b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_districts_of_Russia" title="Federal districts of Russia">Federal districts</a> (by <a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">President</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_regions_of_Russia" title="Economic regions of Russia">Economic regions</a> (by <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Economic_Development_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Economic Development (Russia)">Ministry of Economic Development</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_districts_of_Russia" title="Military districts of Russia">Military districts</a> (by <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(Russia)" title="Ministry of Defence (Russia)">Ministry of Defence</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_districts_of_Russia" title="Judicial districts of Russia">Judicial districts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Administrative_divisions_of_Moscow_Oblast" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Moscow_Oblast" title="Template:Moscow Oblast"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Moscow_Oblast" title="Template talk:Moscow Oblast"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Moscow_Oblast" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Moscow Oblast"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Administrative_divisions_of_Moscow_Oblast" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Moscow_Oblast" title="Administrative divisions of Moscow Oblast">Administrative divisions of Moscow Oblast</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Administrative_center" class="mw-redirect" title="Administrative center">Administrative center</a>: <i>none</i> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_rural_localities_in_Moscow_Oblast" title="List of rural localities in Moscow Oblast">Rural localities</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chekhovsky_District" title="Chekhovsky District">Chekhovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitrovsky_District,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Dmitrovsky District, Moscow Oblast">Dmitrovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istrinsky_District" title="Istrinsky District">Istrinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashirsky_District,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Kashirsky District, Moscow Oblast">Kashirsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klinsky_District" title="Klinsky District">Klinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolomensky_District" title="Kolomensky District">Kolomensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasnogorsky_District,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Krasnogorsky District, Moscow Oblast">Krasnogorsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leninsky_District,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Leninsky District, Moscow Oblast">Leninsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotoshinsky_District" title="Lotoshinsky District">Lotoshinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukhovitsky_District" title="Lukhovitsky District">Lukhovitsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyuberetsky_District" title="Lyuberetsky District">Lyuberetsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozhaysky_District,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Mozhaysky District, Moscow Oblast">Mozhaysky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mytishchinsky_District" title="Mytishchinsky District">Mytishchinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naro-Fominsky_District" title="Naro-Fominsky District">Naro-Fominsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noginsky_District" title="Noginsky District">Noginsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odintsovsky_District" title="Odintsovsky District">Odintsovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orekhovo-Zuyevsky_District" title="Orekhovo-Zuyevsky District">Orekhovo-Zuyevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlovo-Posadsky_District" title="Pavlovo-Posadsky District">Pavlovo-Posadsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podolsky_District" title="Podolsky District">Podolsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushkinsky_District,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Pushkinsky District, Moscow Oblast">Pushkinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramensky_District" title="Ramensky District">Ramensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruzsky_District" title="Ruzsky District">Ruzsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serebryano-Prudsky_District" title="Serebryano-Prudsky District">Serebryano-Prudsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergiyevo-Posadsky_District" title="Sergiyevo-Posadsky District">Sergiyevo-Posadsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpukhovsky_District" title="Serpukhovsky District">Serpukhovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakhovskoy_District" title="Shakhovskoy District">Shakhovskoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shatursky_District" title="Shatursky District">Shatursky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shchyolkovsky_District" title="Shchyolkovsky District">Shchyolkovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solnechnogorsky_District" title="Solnechnogorsky District">Solnechnogorsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stupinsky_District" title="Stupinsky District">Stupinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taldomsky_District" title="Taldomsky District">Taldomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volokolamsky_District" title="Volokolamsky District">Volokolamsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voskresensky_District,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Voskresensky District, Moscow Oblast">Voskresensky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yegoryevsky_District,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Yegoryevsky District, Moscow Oblast">Yegoryevsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaraysky_District" title="Zaraysky District">Zaraysky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Closed administrative-territorial<br />formations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Krasnoznamensk,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Krasnoznamensk, Moscow Oblast">Krasnoznamensk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molodyozhny,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Molodyozhny, Moscow Oblast">Molodyozhny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vlasikha,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Vlasikha, Moscow Oblast">Vlasikha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voskhod,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Voskhod, Moscow Oblast">Voskhod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zvyozdny_gorodok_(urban-type_settlement)" title="Zvyozdny gorodok (urban-type settlement)">Zvyozdny gorodok</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities and towns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aprelevka" title="Aprelevka">Aprelevka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balashikha" title="Balashikha">Balashikha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beloozyorsky" title="Beloozyorsky">Beloozyorsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronnitsy" title="Bronnitsy">Bronnitsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chernogolovka" title="Chernogolovka">Chernogolovka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chekhov,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Chekhov, Moscow Oblast">Chekhov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dedovsk" title="Dedovsk">Dedovsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitrov" title="Dmitrov">Dmitrov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolgoprudny" title="Dolgoprudny">Dolgoprudny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domodedovo_(town)" title="Domodedovo (town)">Domodedovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drezna" title="Drezna">Drezna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubna" title="Dubna">Dubna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzerzhinsky,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Dzerzhinsky, Moscow Oblast">Dzerzhinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektrogorsk" title="Elektrogorsk">Elektrogorsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektrostal" title="Elektrostal">Elektrostal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elektrougli" title="Elektrougli">Elektrougli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fryazino" title="Fryazino">Fryazino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golitsyno,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Golitsyno, Moscow Oblast">Golitsyno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Istra,_Istrinsky_District,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Istra, Istrinsky District, Moscow Oblast">Istra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivanteyevka,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Ivanteyevka, Moscow Oblast">Ivanteyevka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashira" title="Kashira">Kashira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khimki" title="Khimki">Khimki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khotkovo,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Khotkovo, Moscow Oblast">Khotkovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klin,_Klinsky_District,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Klin, Klinsky District, Moscow Oblast">Klin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolomna" title="Kolomna">Kolomna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korolyov,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Korolyov, Moscow Oblast">Korolyov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotelniki" title="Kotelniki">Kotelniki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasnoarmeysk,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Krasnoarmeysk, Moscow Oblast">Krasnoarmeysk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasnogorsk,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Krasnogorsk, Moscow Oblast">Krasnogorsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasnozavodsk" title="Krasnozavodsk">Krasnozavodsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krasnoznamensk,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Krasnoznamensk, Moscow Oblast">Krasnoznamensk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubinka" title="Kubinka">Kubinka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurovskoye,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Kurovskoye, Moscow Oblast">Kurovskoye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Likino-Dulyovo" title="Likino-Dulyovo">Likino-Dulyovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lobnya" title="Lobnya">Lobnya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Losino-Petrovsky" title="Losino-Petrovsky">Losino-Petrovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lukhovitsy" title="Lukhovitsy">Lukhovitsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lytkarino" title="Lytkarino">Lytkarino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyubertsy" title="Lyubertsy">Lyubertsy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozhaysk" title="Mozhaysk">Mozhaysk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mytishchi" title="Mytishchi">Mytishchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naro-Fominsk" title="Naro-Fominsk">Naro-Fominsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noginsk" title="Noginsk">Noginsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odintsovo" title="Odintsovo">Odintsovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orekhovo-Zuyevo" title="Orekhovo-Zuyevo">Orekhovo-Zuyevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ozyory,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Ozyory, Moscow Oblast">Ozyory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlovsky_Posad" title="Pavlovsky Posad">Pavlovsky Posad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peresvet" title="Peresvet">Peresvet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Podolsk" title="Podolsk">Podolsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protvino" title="Protvino">Protvino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushchino" title="Pushchino">Pushchino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushkino,_Pushkinsky_District,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Pushkino, Pushkinsky District, Moscow Oblast">Pushkino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramenskoye,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Ramenskoye, Moscow Oblast">Ramenskoye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reutov" title="Reutov">Reutov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roshal_(town)" title="Roshal (town)">Roshal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruza,_Ruzsky_District,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Ruza, Ruzsky District, Moscow Oblast">Ruza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergiyev_Posad" title="Sergiyev Posad">Sergiyev Posad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpukhov" title="Serpukhov">Serpukhov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shatura" title="Shatura">Shatura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shchyolkovo" title="Shchyolkovo">Shchyolkovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solnechnogorsk" title="Solnechnogorsk">Solnechnogorsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staraya_Kupavna" title="Staraya Kupavna">Staraya Kupavna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stupino,_Stupinsky_District,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Stupino, Stupinsky District, Moscow Oblast">Stupino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taldom" title="Taldom">Taldom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vereya,_Naro-Fominsky_District,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Vereya, Naro-Fominsky District, Moscow Oblast">Vereya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidnoye,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Vidnoye, Moscow Oblast">Vidnoye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volokolamsk" title="Volokolamsk">Volokolamsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voskresensk,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Voskresensk, Moscow Oblast">Voskresensk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vysokovsk" title="Vysokovsk">Vysokovsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakhroma" title="Yakhroma">Yakhroma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yegoryevsk" title="Yegoryevsk">Yegoryevsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaraysk" title="Zaraysk">Zaraysk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhukovsky,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Zhukovsky, Moscow Oblast">Zhukovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zvenigorod" title="Zvenigorod">Zvenigorod</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Urban-type_settlement" title="Urban-type settlement">Urban-type settlements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andreyevka,_Solnechnogorsky_District,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Andreyevka, Solnechnogorsky District, Moscow Oblast">Andreyevka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashukino" title="Ashukino">Ashukino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beloomut" title="Beloomut">Beloomut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogorodskoye,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Bogorodskoye, Moscow Oblast">Bogorodskoye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolshiye_Dvory" title="Bolshiye Dvory">Bolshiye Dvory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolshiye_Vyazyomy" title="Bolshiye Vyazyomy">Bolshiye Vyazyomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bykovo,_Ramensky_District,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Bykovo, Ramensky District, Moscow Oblast">Bykovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherkizovo_(urban-type_settlement)" title="Cherkizovo (urban-type settlement)">Cherkizovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherusti" title="Cherusti">Cherusti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dedenevo" title="Dedenevo">Dedenevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fosforitny" title="Fosforitny">Fosforitny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fryanovo" title="Fryanovo">Fryanovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorki_Leninskiye" title="Gorki Leninskiye">Gorki Leninskiye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iksha" title="Iksha">Iksha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilyinsky,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Ilyinsky, Moscow Oblast">Ilyinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imeni_Tsyurupy" title="Imeni Tsyurupy">Imeni Tsyurupy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imeni_Vorovskogo,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Imeni Vorovskogo, Moscow Oblast">Imeni Vorovskogo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorlovo" title="Khorlovo">Khorlovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraskovo,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Kraskovo, Moscow Oblast">Kraskovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kratovo,_Russia" title="Kratovo, Russia">Kratovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesnoy,_Pushkinsky_District,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Lesnoy, Pushkinsky District, Moscow Oblast">Lesnoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesnoy_Gorodok" title="Lesnoy Gorodok">Lesnoy Gorodok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malakhovka,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Malakhovka, Moscow Oblast">Malakhovka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malino,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Malino, Moscow Oblast">Malino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendeleyevo,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Mendeleyevo, Moscow Oblast">Mendeleyevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikhnevo" title="Mikhnevo">Mikhnevo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Misheronsky" title="Misheronsky">Misheronsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monino" title="Monino">Monino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakhabino" title="Nakhabino">Nakhabino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nekrasovsky,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Nekrasovsky, Moscow Oblast">Nekrasovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novoivanovskoye" title="Novoivanovskoye">Novoivanovskoye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obolensk,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Obolensk, Moscow Oblast">Obolensk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obukhovo,_Noginsky_District,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Obukhovo, Noginsky District, Moscow Oblast">Obukhovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oktyabrsky,_Lyuberetsky_District,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Oktyabrsky, Lyuberetsky District, Moscow Oblast">Oktyabrsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peski,_Kolomensky_District,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Peski, Kolomensky District, Moscow Oblast">Peski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Povarovo,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Povarovo, Moscow Oblast">Povarovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pravdinsky_(urban-type_settlement)" title="Pravdinsky (urban-type settlement)">Pravdinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarsky,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Proletarsky, Moscow Oblast">Proletarsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reshetnikovo,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Reshetnikovo, Moscow Oblast">Reshetnikovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodniki,_Ramensky_District,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Rodniki, Ramensky District, Moscow Oblast">Rodniki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rzhavki" title="Rzhavki">Rzhavki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selyatino" title="Selyatino">Selyatino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Severny,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Severny, Moscow Oblast">Severny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skoropuskovsky" title="Skoropuskovsky">Skoropuskovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snegiri" title="Snegiri">Snegiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofrino" title="Sofrino">Sofrino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stolbovaya" title="Stolbovaya">Stolbovaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sverdlovsky,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Sverdlovsky, Moscow Oblast">Sverdlovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sychyovo" title="Sychyovo">Sychyovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomilino" title="Tomilino">Tomilino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udelnaya,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Udelnaya, Moscow Oblast">Udelnaya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uvarovka" title="Uvarovka">Uvarovka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verbilki" title="Verbilki">Verbilki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagoryansky" title="Zagoryansky">Zagoryansky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaprudnya" title="Zaprudnya">Zaprudnya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarechye,_Zarechye_Work_Settlement,_Odintsovsky_District,_Moscow_Oblast" title="Zarechye, Zarechye Work Settlement, Odintsovsky District, Moscow Oblast">Zarechye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zelenogradsky_(urban-type_settlement)" title="Zelenogradsky (urban-type settlement)">Zelenogradsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhilyovo" title="Zhilyovo">Zhilyovo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px 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