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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">SQL:2016</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/SQL#Standardization_history" title="SQL">SQL language revisions</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQL-86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SQL-86 (page does not exist)">SQL-86</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQL-89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SQL-89 (page does not exist)">SQL-89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SQL-92" title="SQL-92">SQL-92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SQL:1999" title="SQL:1999">SQL:1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SQL:2003" title="SQL:2003">SQL:2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SQL:2006" title="SQL:2006">SQL:2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SQL:2008" title="SQL:2008">SQL:2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SQL:2011" title="SQL:2011">SQL:2011</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">SQL:2016</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQL:2019&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SQL:2019 (page does not exist)">SQL:2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SQL:2023" title="SQL:2023">SQL:2023</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output 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.hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the language standard. For <i>MS SQL 2016</i>, the Microsoft product, see <a href="/wiki/SQL_Server_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="SQL Server 2016">SQL Server 2016</a>.</div> <p><b>SQL:2016</b> or <b><a href="/wiki/ISO_9075" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 9075">ISO/IEC 9075:2016</a></b> (under the general title "Information technology – Database languages – SQL") is the eighth revision of the <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a> (1987) and <a href="/wiki/ANSI" class="mw-redirect" title="ANSI">ANSI</a> (1986) standard for the <a href="/wiki/SQL" title="SQL">SQL</a> <a href="/wiki/Database" title="Database">database</a> <a href="/wiki/Query_language" title="Query language">query language</a>. It was formally adopted in December 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The standard consists of 9 parts which are described in some detail in <a href="/wiki/SQL#Interoperability_and_standardization" title="SQL">SQL</a>. The next version is <a href="/wiki/SQL:2023" title="SQL:2023">SQL:2023</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="New_features">New features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQL:2016&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: New features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>SQL:2016 introduced 44 new optional features.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 22 of them belong to the JSON functionality, ten more are related to polymorphic table functions. The additions to the standard include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JSON" title="JSON">JSON</a>: Functions to create JSON documents, to access parts of JSON documents and to check whether a string contains valid JSON data</li> <li>Row Pattern Recognition: Matching a sequence of rows against a <a href="/wiki/Regular_expression" title="Regular expression">regular expression</a> pattern</li> <li>Date and time formatting and parsing</li> <li>LISTAGG: A function to transform values from a group of rows into a delimited string</li> <li>Polymorphic table functions: table functions without predefined return type</li> <li>New data type DECFLOAT</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQL:2016&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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.reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-03-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISO%2FIEC+9075%2C+13249%2C+and+others&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fcommittee%2F45342%2Fx%2Fcatalogue%2Fp%2F1%2Fu%2F0%2Fw%2F0%2Fd%2F0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASQL%3A2016" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://modern-sql.com/blog/2017-06/whats-new-in-sql-2016">"What's New in SQL:2016"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-06-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What%27s+New+in+SQL%3A2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmodern-sql.com%2Fblog%2F2017-06%2Fwhats-new-in-sql-2016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASQL%3A2016" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SQL:2016&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation cs2">"SQL:2016", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/standard/63555.html"><i>Catalogue</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(webshop)</span>, ISO</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=SQL%3A2016&rft.btitle=Catalogue&rft.pub=ISO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fstandard%2F63555.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASQL%3A2016" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/c065143_ISO_IEC_TR_19075-5_2016.zip">ISO/IEC TR 19075-5:2016: Row Pattern Recognition in SQL</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/c067367_ISO_IEC_TR_19075-6_2017.zip">ISO/IEC TR 19075-6:2017: SQL support for JavaScript Object Notation (JSON)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/c069776_ISO_IEC_TR_19075-7_2017.zip">ISO/IEC TR 19075-7:2017: Polymorphic table functions in SQL</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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