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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prehistory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Prehistory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Beginnings_of_the_tourist_industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beginnings_of_the_tourist_industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Beginnings of the tourist industry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beginnings_of_the_tourist_industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spanish_Civil_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spanish_Civil_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Spanish Civil War</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spanish_Civil_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1940s_and_1950s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1940s_and_1950s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>1940s and 1950s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1940s_and_1950s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1960s_and_1970s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1960s_and_1970s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>1960s and 1970s</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1960s_and_1970s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_1970s_onwards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_1970s_onwards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Late 1970s onwards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_1970s_onwards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Passenger" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Passenger"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Passenger</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Passenger-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gastronomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gastronomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Gastronomy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gastronomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Image_gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Image_gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Image gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Image_gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 40 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-40" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">40 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_del_Sol" title="Costa del Sol – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Costa del Sol" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_del_Sol" title="Costa del Sol – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Costa del Sol" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_del_Sol" title="Costa del Sol – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Costa del Sol" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_del_Sol" title="Costa del Sol – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Costa del Sol" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_del_Sol" title="Costa del Sol – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Costa del Sol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_del_Sol" title="Costa del Sol – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Costa del Sol" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_del_Sol" title="Costa del Sol – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Costa del Sol" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B1_%CE%B4%CE%B5%CE%BB_%CE%A3%CE%BF%CE%BB" title="Κόστα δελ Σολ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κόστα δελ Σολ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_del_Sol" title="Costa del Sol – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Costa del Sol" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_del_Sol" title="Costa del Sol – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Costa del Sol" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_del_Sol" title="Costa del Sol – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Costa del Sol" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_del_Sol" title="Costa del Sol – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Costa del Sol" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_do_Sol" title="Costa do Sol – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Costa do Sol" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%80%EB%8D%B8%EC%86%94" title="코스타델솔 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="코스타델솔" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_del_Sol" title="Costa del Sol – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Costa del Sol" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_del_Sol" title="Costa del Sol – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Costa del Sol" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%94_%D7%93%D7%9C_%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9C" title="קוסטה דל סול – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קוסטה דל סול" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_del_Sol" title="Costa del Sol – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Costa del Sol" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosta_del_Solis" title="Kosta del Solis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kosta del Solis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_del_Sol" title="Costa del Sol – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Costa del Sol" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84" title="كوستا ديل سول – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كوستا ديل سول" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_del_Sol" title="Costa del Sol – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Costa del Sol" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_del_Sol" title="Costa del Sol – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Costa del Sol" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BB%E3%83%87%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%BD%E3%83%AB" title="コスタ・デル・ソル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コスタ・デル・ソル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_del_Sol" title="Costa del Sol – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Costa del Sol" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_del_Sol" title="Costa del Sol – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Costa del Sol" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_del_Sol" title="Costa del Sol – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Costa del Sol" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_del_Sol" title="Costa del Sol – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Costa del Sol" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_del_Sol" title="Costa del Sol – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Costa del Sol" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Коста-дель-Соль – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Коста-дель-Соль" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_del_Sol" title="Costa del Sol – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Costa del Sol" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_del_Sol" title="Costa del Sol – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Costa del Sol" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Коста дел Сол – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Коста дел Сол" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_del_Sol" title="Costa del Sol – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Costa del Sol" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurinkorannikko" title="Aurinkorannikko – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aurinkorannikko" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_del_Sol" title="Costa del Sol – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Costa del Sol" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A5" title="โกสตาเดลโซล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โกสตาเดลโซล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0-%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C-%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Коста-дель-Соль – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Коста-дель-Соль" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_del_Sol" title="Costa del Sol – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Costa del Sol" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E9%98%B3%E6%B5%B7%E5%B2%B8" title="太阳海岸 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="太阳海岸" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q215254#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> 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.latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Costa_del_Sol&params=36.79_N_4.48_W_type:landmark_region:ES"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°47′N</span> <span class="longitude">4°29′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.79°N 4.48°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">36.79; -4.48</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Coastal area in Andalusia, Spain</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the region. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Costa_del_Sol_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Costa del Sol (disambiguation)">Costa del Sol (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Riviera in Andalusia, Spain</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Costa del Sol</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Riviera" title="Riviera">Riviera</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="background-color:#FFFFFF;border-collapse:collapse;border:0px solid black;width:270px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:2px 0 0 2px"><div style="display:table;background-color:#FFFFFF;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Litoral_entre_Marbella_y_Fuengirola_-_50003391192.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Litoral_entre_Marbella_y_Fuengirola_-_50003391192.jpg/270px-Litoral_entre_Marbella_y_Fuengirola_-_50003391192.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Litoral_entre_Marbella_y_Fuengirola_-_50003391192.jpg/405px-Litoral_entre_Marbella_y_Fuengirola_-_50003391192.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Litoral_entre_Marbella_y_Fuengirola_-_50003391192.jpg/540px-Litoral_entre_Marbella_y_Fuengirola_-_50003391192.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="3375" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:#FFFFFF;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Puerto_Ban%C3%BAs_Marbella.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Puerto_Ban%C3%BAs_Marbella.jpg/134px-Puerto_Ban%C3%BAs_Marbella.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Puerto_Ban%C3%BAs_Marbella.jpg/201px-Puerto_Ban%C3%BAs_Marbella.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Puerto_Ban%C3%BAs_Marbella.jpg/268px-Puerto_Ban%C3%BAs_Marbella.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Balconyofeurope_nerja.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Balconyofeurope_nerja.jpg/134px-Balconyofeurope_nerja.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Balconyofeurope_nerja.jpg/201px-Balconyofeurope_nerja.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Balconyofeurope_nerja.jpg/268px-Balconyofeurope_nerja.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1847" data-file-height="1389" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:#FFFFFF;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Balconeuropa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Balconeuropa.jpg/134px-Balconeuropa.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Balconeuropa.jpg/201px-Balconeuropa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Balconeuropa.jpg/268px-Balconeuropa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Telef%C3%A9rico_Benalm%C3%A1dena.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Telef%C3%A9rico_Benalm%C3%A1dena.jpg/134px-Telef%C3%A9rico_Benalm%C3%A1dena.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Telef%C3%A9rico_Benalm%C3%A1dena.jpg/201px-Telef%C3%A9rico_Benalm%C3%A1dena.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Telef%C3%A9rico_Benalm%C3%A1dena.jpg/268px-Telef%C3%A9rico_Benalm%C3%A1dena.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:#FFFFFF;border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Calle_Larios,_M%C3%A1laga_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Calle_Larios%2C_M%C3%A1laga_02.jpg/134px-Calle_Larios%2C_M%C3%A1laga_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Calle_Larios%2C_M%C3%A1laga_02.jpg/201px-Calle_Larios%2C_M%C3%A1laga_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Calle_Larios%2C_M%C3%A1laga_02.jpg/268px-Calle_Larios%2C_M%C3%A1laga_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 2px 2px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Playa_de_Torreblanca,_Fuengirola_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Playa_de_Torreblanca%2C_Fuengirola_05.jpg/250px-Playa_de_Torreblanca%2C_Fuengirola_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Playa_de_Torreblanca%2C_Fuengirola_05.jpg/330px-Playa_de_Torreblanca%2C_Fuengirola_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div style="font-size:95%">From top down, left to right: a view of Costa del Sol, <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Ban%C3%BAs" title="Puerto Banús">Puerto Banús</a> in <a href="/wiki/Marbella" title="Marbella">Marbella</a>, Balcón de Europa, beach in <a href="/wiki/Nerja" title="Nerja">Nerja</a>, view of <a href="/wiki/Benalm%C3%A1dena" title="Benalmádena">Benalmádena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calle_Larios" class="mw-redirect" title="Calle Larios">calle Larios</a>, beach in Fuengirola</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Costadelsolmap.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Costadelsolmap.jpg/250px-Costadelsolmap.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Costadelsolmap.jpg/375px-Costadelsolmap.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Costadelsolmap.jpg/500px-Costadelsolmap.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Spain</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_community" class="mw-redirect" title="Autonomous community">Autonomous community</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Province</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_M%C3%A1laga" title="Province of Málaga">Málaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Province_of_C%C3%A1diz" title="Province of Cádiz">Cádiz</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,412,541</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Costa del Sol</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Spanish:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="es-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[ˈkosta<span class="wrap"> </span>ðel<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈsol]</a></span>; literally "Coast of the Sun") is a region in the south of Spain in the <a href="/wiki/Autonomous_communities_of_Spain" title="Autonomous communities of Spain">autonomous community</a> of <a href="/wiki/Andalusia" title="Andalusia">Andalusia</a>, comprising the <a href="/wiki/Coast" title="Coast">coastal</a> towns and communities along the coastline of the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_M%C3%A1laga" title="Province of Málaga">Province of Málaga</a> and the eastern part of <a href="/wiki/Campo_de_Gibraltar" title="Campo de Gibraltar">Campo de Gibraltar</a> in <a href="/wiki/Province_of_C%C3%A1diz" title="Province of Cádiz">Cádiz</a>. Formerly made up only of a series of small fishing settlements, today the region is a world-renowned <a href="/wiki/Tourist_destination" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourist destination">tourist destination</a>. The Costa del Sol is situated between two lesser known coastal regions, the <a href="/wiki/Costa_de_la_Luz" title="Costa de la Luz">Costa de la Luz</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Costa_Tropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Costa Tropical">Costa Tropical</a>. </p><p>The region has no official limit, but it is generally accepted that the Costa del Sol stretches from the municipality of <a href="/wiki/La_L%C3%ADnea_de_la_Concepci%C3%B3n" title="La Línea de la Concepción">La Línea de la Concepción</a> in the west to <a href="/wiki/Nerja" title="Nerja">Nerja</a> in the east, spanning around 150 kilometers of coastline. The term Costa del Sol was coined at the beginning of the 20th century by Rodolfo Lussnigg to promote the <a href="/wiki/Almer%C3%ADa" title="Almería">Almería</a> coastline. Until the late 1960s, it was used in reference to the entire Mediterranean coast of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Andalusia" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Andalusia">Eastern Andalusia</a>. The name refers to the sunny climate, present in the region most days of the year. The Costa del Sol is one of the most important tourist areas in Spain; around 35% of Andalusia's tourism is concentrated in the region; in 2009 it had 17 million overnight stays.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The region was a relatively prosperous commercial and industrial center for much of the 19th century. The tourist boom in the area began in the 1920s with the opening of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ba%C3%B1os_del_Carmen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baños del Carmen (page does not exist)">Baños del Carmen</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%C3%B1os_del_Carmen" class="extiw" title="es:Baños del Carmen">es</a>]</span> in <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a> and a golf course in <a href="/wiki/Torremolinos" title="Torremolinos">Torremolinos</a>. It became an international tourist destination in the 1950s and is today particularly popular among British, German, Scandinavian, French and Moroccan tourists. The most populated city on the Costa del Sol is the city of <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a>, with a metropolitan population of close to one million. Málaga is home to the <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga_Airport" title="Málaga Airport">Málaga-Costa del Sol Airport</a>, which is the third busiest airport in <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Spain" title="Peninsular Spain">mainland Spain</a>, behind <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Su%C3%A1rez_Madrid%E2%80%93Barajas_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Adolfo Suárez Madrid–Barajas Airport">Barajas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Josep_Tarradellas_Barcelona%E2%80%93El_Prat_Airport" title="Josep Tarradellas Barcelona–El Prat Airport">El Prat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>). </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/A-7_highway_(Spain)" class="mw-redirect" title="A-7 highway (Spain)">A-7 highway</a> runs through the region, as does the old national highway generally known as <a href="/wiki/N-340_road_(Spain)" title="N-340 road (Spain)">N-340</a>. High-speed trains serve the coastal region and inland areas, the <a href="/wiki/AVE" title="AVE">AVE</a> service reaches the <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga_Mar%C3%ADa_Zambrano_railway_station" title="Málaga María Zambrano railway station">Málaga-María Zambrano</a> railway station in 2 hours and 46 minutes from <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>. The Costa del Sol has a population of 1,412,541 inhabitants. The Costa del Sol has spas in <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tolox" title="Tolox">Tolox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estepona" title="Estepona">Estepona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benahav%C3%ADs" title="Benahavís">Benahavís</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benalm%C3%A1dena" title="Benalmádena">Benalmádena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mijas" title="Mijas">Mijas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torremolinos" title="Torremolinos">Torremolinos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marbella" title="Marbella">Marbella</a>, the largest concentration of <a href="/wiki/Golf_course" title="Golf course">golf courses</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Europe" title="Continental Europe">European continent</a>, fifteen <a href="/wiki/Marina" title="Marina">marinas</a>, nine <a href="/wiki/Amusement_park" title="Amusement park">theme parks</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Amusement_park" title="Amusement park">amusement parks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aquarium" title="Aquarium">aquariums</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zoo" title="Zoo">zoos</a>), as well as an information and communication technology business park (PTA), a Google cybersecurity center and a Vodafone research and development center. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Costa_del_Sol&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Costadelsolmap.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Costadelsolmap.jpg/220px-Costadelsolmap.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Costadelsolmap.jpg/330px-Costadelsolmap.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Costadelsolmap.jpg/440px-Costadelsolmap.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption>Map of Costa del Sol – cities, towns, resorts, villages</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Towns_of_the_Costa_del_Sol" title="Towns of the Costa del Sol">Towns of the Costa del Sol</a></div><p> The Costa del Sol includes the city of <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a> and also the towns of <a href="/wiki/Torremolinos" title="Torremolinos">Torremolinos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benalm%C3%A1dena,_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Benalmádena, Spain">Benalmádena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fuengirola" title="Fuengirola">Fuengirola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mijas" title="Mijas">Mijas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marbella" title="Marbella">Marbella</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Pedro_de_Alc%C3%A1ntara" class="mw-redirect" title="San Pedro de Alcántara">San Pedro de Alcántara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estepona" title="Estepona">Estepona</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manilva" title="Manilva">Manilva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Casares,_M%C3%A1laga" title="Casares, Málaga">Casares</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rinc%C3%B3n_de_la_Victoria" title="Rincón de la Victoria">Rincón de la Victoria</a>, <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9lez-M%C3%A1laga" title="Vélez-Málaga">Vélez-Málaga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nerja" title="Nerja">Nerja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frigiliana" title="Frigiliana">Frigiliana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Torrox" title="Torrox">Torrox</a>.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sierra_Bermeja_vista.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Sierra_Bermeja_vista.jpg/220px-Sierra_Bermeja_vista.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Sierra_Bermeja_vista.jpg/330px-Sierra_Bermeja_vista.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Sierra_Bermeja_vista.jpg/440px-Sierra_Bermeja_vista.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Sierra Bermeja</figcaption></figure> <p>This shoreline region extends from the cliffs at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maro,_Nerja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maro, Nerja (page does not exist)">Maro</a> in the East to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Punta_Chullera&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Punta Chullera (page does not exist)">Punta Chullera</a> in the west. It occupies a narrow coastal strip delimited by some ranges of the <a href="/wiki/Penibaetic_System" title="Penibaetic System">Penibaetic System</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_de_Mijas" title="Sierra de Mijas">Sierra de Mijas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Alpujata" title="Sierra Alpujata">Sierra Alpujata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Blanca_(Andalusia)" title="Sierra Blanca (Andalusia)">Sierra Blanca</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sierra_Bermeja_(Spain)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sierra Bermeja (Spain) (page does not exist)">Sierra Bermeja</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Bermeja" class="extiw" title="es:Sierra Bermeja">es</a>; <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Bermeja" class="extiw" title="fr:Sierra Bermeja">fr</a>; <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Bermeja" class="extiw" title="de:Sierra Bermeja">de</a>]</span>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sierra_Crestellina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sierra Crestellina (page does not exist)">Sierra Crestellina</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Crestellina" class="extiw" title="es:Sierra Crestellina">es</a>]</span> and <a href="/wiki/Montes_de_M%C3%A1laga" title="Montes de Málaga">Montes de Málaga</a> to the north and the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a> to the south. The coast shows a diversity of landscapes: beaches, cliffs, estuaries, bays and dunes. The rivers are short and seasonal, while the agriculture is hampered by the <a href="/wiki/Lee_wave" title="Lee wave">lee</a> effect caused by the <a href="/wiki/Baetic_System" title="Baetic System">Baetic System</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Costa_del_Sol&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistory">Prehistory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Costa_del_Sol&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Prehistory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Puerto_Ban%C3%BAs_Marbella.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Puerto_Ban%C3%BAs_Marbella.jpg/220px-Puerto_Ban%C3%BAs_Marbella.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Puerto_Ban%C3%BAs_Marbella.jpg/330px-Puerto_Ban%C3%BAs_Marbella.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Puerto_Ban%C3%BAs_Marbella.jpg/440px-Puerto_Ban%C3%BAs_Marbella.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption>Puerto Banús, Marbella</figcaption></figure><p> The settlement history of this coast spans about 2,800 years. The first inhabitants to settle here may have been the <a href="/wiki/Bastuli" class="mw-redirect" title="Bastuli">Bastuli</a>, an ancient <a href="/wiki/Celtiberians" title="Celtiberians">Celtiberian</a> tribe. The Phoenicians founded their colony of <i>Malaka</i> here about 770 BC, and from the 6th century BC it was under the hegemony of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Carthage" title="Ancient Carthage">ancient Carthage</a> in north Africa. From 218 BC the region was ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a> and then at the end of the 1st century it was federated with the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hotel_Puente_Romano.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Hotel_Puente_Romano.jpg/250px-Hotel_Puente_Romano.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Hotel_Puente_Romano.jpg/375px-Hotel_Puente_Romano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Hotel_Puente_Romano.jpg/500px-Hotel_Puente_Romano.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>A beach on the Costa del Sol, with the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Blanca_(Andalusia)" title="Sierra Blanca (Andalusia)">Sierra Blanca</a> in the background</figcaption></figure><p>Under the rule of the Roman Republic, the <i>Municipium Malacitanum</i> became a transit point on the <i><a href="/wiki/Via_Augusta" title="Via Augusta">Via Herculea</a></i>, which revitalised the city both economically and culturally by connecting it with other developed enclaves in the interior of Hispania and with other ports of the Mediterranean Sea. </p><p>The decline of the Roman imperial power in the 5th century led to invasions of <a href="/wiki/Hispania_Baetica" title="Hispania Baetica">Hispania Baetica</a> by <a href="/wiki/Germanic_peoples" title="Germanic peoples">Germanic peoples</a> and by the <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a>. The southern Mediterranean coast was part of <a href="/wiki/Visigothic_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Visigothic Spain">Visigothic Spain</a> from the fifth century until the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_conquest_of_Hispania" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyad conquest of Hispania">Muslim Arab conquest</a> of Hispania (711–718) The city, then known as Mālaqa (مالقة), was encircled by defensive walls and became part of the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim Empire">Muslim Empire</a>. In 1026 it became the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Taifa_of_M%C3%A1laga" title="Taifa of Málaga">Taifa of Málaga</a>, an independent Muslim kingdom ruled by the <a href="/wiki/Hammudid" class="mw-redirect" title="Hammudid">Hammudid</a> dynasty<sup id="cite_ref-Dodds1992_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dodds1992-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the <a href="/wiki/Caliphate_of_C%C3%B3rdoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliphate of Córdoba">Caliphate of Córdoba</a>, which was conquered by the <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Granada" title="Emirate of Granada">Nasrid Kingdom of Granada</a>. </p><p>The siege of Mālaqa by the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Monarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Monarchs">Catholic Monarchs</a> in 1487<sup id="cite_ref-BloomBlair2009_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BloomBlair2009-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was one of the longest of the <a href="/wiki/Reconquista" title="Reconquista">Reconquista</a>. In the 16th century, the area entered a period of slow decline, exacerbated by epidemics of disease, several successive poor food crops, floods, and earthquakes. </p><p>Trade, dominated by foreign merchants,<sup id="cite_ref-Ginio1992_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ginio1992-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was the main source of wealth in Málaga province of the 18th century, with wine and raisins as the principal commodity exports.<sup id="cite_ref-Ringrose1998_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ringrose1998-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Public works done on the Málaga city port as well as those on the Antequera and Velez roadways<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> provided the necessary infrastructure for distribution of the renowned Málaga wines. </p><p>Málaga, as headquarters of the <i>Capitanía General de Granada</i> (Captaincy General of the Kingdom of Granada) on the coast, played an essential role in the foreign policy of the <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_kings#Bourbons_of_Spain_and_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="Bourbon kings">Bourbon kings</a> of Spain. The regional military and the defence of the Mediterranean were administered in the city. The loss of Gibraltar to the British in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_M%C3%A1laga_(1704)" title="Battle of Málaga (1704)">Battle of Málaga of 1704</a> made the city the key to military defence of the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Gibraltar" title="Strait of Gibraltar">Strait</a>. </p><p>During the second half of the 18th century Málaga solved its chronic water supply problems with the completion of one of the largest infrastructure projects carried out in Spain at the time: the building of the Aqueduct of San Telmo.<sup id="cite_ref-WawnWood2000_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WawnWood2000-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The peasantry and the working classes still made up the vast majority of the population, but the emergence of a business-oriented middle-class lay the foundations for the 19th-century economic boom. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beginnings_of_the_tourist_industry">Beginnings of the tourist industry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Costa_del_Sol&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Beginnings of the tourist industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Having been a relatively prosperous commercial and industrial centre for most of the 19th century, Málaga province experienced a severe economic contraction in the 1880s and 1890s. It led to the end of the <a href="/wiki/Iron_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron industry">iron industry</a> in 1893,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and weakened the trade and textile industry. The agricultural sector suffered a deep depression that affected the raising of livestock and all the major crops, especially cultivation of <a href="/wiki/Vitis_vinifera" title="Vitis vinifera">Vitis vinifera</a>, a grape used for the wine industry, which was devastated by a <a href="/wiki/Phylloxera" title="Phylloxera">Phylloxera</a> epidemic. </p><p>The social disruption caused by the crisis and its aftermath of job loss, business collapse and general decline in economic activity, led many residents to consider other means of livelihood. Even at this early date some of them envisaged tourism as an alternative source of income, but years passed before initiatives were put forward to develop Málaga as a tourist resort. The <i>Sociedad Propagandística del Clima y Embellecimiento de Málaga</i> (Propagation Society for the Climate and Beautification of Málaga) was founded in 1897 by a pioneering group of influential Málaga businessmen who saw the potential of tourism as a generator of wealth, and tried to organise a rational planned development of this sector of the economy.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their promotional campaigns extolled the mild climate of Málaga, attracting enough tourists and winter visitors to help relieve the economic slump somewhat. </p><p>At the beginning of the 20th century, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ba%C3%B1os_del_Carmen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baños del Carmen (page does not exist)">Baños del Carmen</a> beach was developed and opened in the <a href="/wiki/Este_(M%C3%A1laga)" title="Este (Málaga)">east of Málaga</a>. The Torremolinos golf course followed in 1928. According to local historian Fernando Alcala, on 15 October 1933, the "Hotel Miramar" was inaugurated in <a href="/wiki/Marbella" title="Marbella">Marbella</a>. The owners, Jose Laguno Canas and Maria Zuzuarregui (daughter of Agustina Zuzuarregui y Sutton Clonard) promoted this hotel and the city of Marbella in English and in French, using the expressions "Sunny Coast" and "Côte du Soleil "in all its stationery and lampoons. According to Estefania Rodriguez Camacho, quoting Fernando Alcala's book, ["Marbella. Years of Tourism. Volume I. The beginning of a long march."] these are the real inventors of the expression "Costa del Sol". </p><p>However, development of the tourist sector was interrupted by the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spanish_Civil_War">Spanish Civil War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Costa_del_Sol&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Spanish Civil War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the uprising of <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francoist</a> forces in July 1936, control of Andalusia was divided between the <a href="/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic" title="Second Spanish Republic">Republican</a> forces and the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_faction_(Spanish_Civil_War)" title="Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War)">Nationalists</a>, with the Costa del Sol remaining in the Republican zone and Málaga serving as a naval base for the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Republican_Navy" title="Spanish Republican Navy">Spanish Republican Navy</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_M%C3%A1laga_(1937)" title="Battle of Málaga (1937)">Battle of Málaga</a> was the culmination of an offensive in February <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War_chronology_1937" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Civil War chronology 1937">1937</a> by the combined <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalist Spain">Nationalist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(1861%E2%80%931946)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)">Italian</a> forces under the command of <a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_Queipo_de_Llano" title="Gonzalo Queipo de Llano">General Queipo de Llano</a><sup id="cite_ref-Esenwein2005_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Esenwein2005-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to eliminate <a href="/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic" title="Second Spanish Republic">Republican</a> control of the <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Málaga (province)">province of Málaga</a>. The participation of Moroccan regulars and Italian tanks from the recently arrived <a href="/wiki/Corpo_Truppe_Volontarie" title="Corpo Truppe Volontarie">Corpo Truppe Volontarie</a> resulted in a complete <a href="/wiki/Rout" title="Rout">rout</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Republican_Army" title="Spanish Republican Army">Spanish Republican Army</a> and the capitulation of <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga">Málaga</a> in less than a week on 8 February.<sup id="cite_ref-Cortada2011_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cortada2011-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The occupation of Málaga led to an exodus of civilians and soldiers on the road to <a href="/wiki/Almer%C3%ADa" title="Almería">Almería</a>, who were bombarded by Franco's air force, navy cruisers,<sup id="cite_ref-Beevor2006_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Beevor2006-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tanks and artillery on 8 February, causing hundreds of deaths. This episode is known as the "<a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga-Almer%C3%ADa_road_massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="Málaga-Almería road massacre">Málaga-Almería road massacre</a>". A local historian recounted that nationalist reprisals after the province was captured resulted in total deaths of over 7,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1940s_and_1950s">1940s and 1950s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Costa_del_Sol&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1940s and 1950s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Until after World War II, Marbella was a small jasmine-lined village with only 900 inhabitants. Ricardo Soriano, Marquis of Ivanrey, moved to Marbella and popularised it among his rich and famous friends.<sup id="cite_ref-webdelayuntamiento_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webdelayuntamiento-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1943 he had acquired a country estate located between Marbella and San Pedro called <i>El Rodeo</i>, and later built a resort there called <i>Venta y Albergues El Rodeo</i>, beginning the development of tourism in Marbella.<sup id="cite_ref-Jordán1989_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jordán1989-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Soriano's nephew, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Alfonso_of_Hohenlohe-Langenburg" title="Prince Alfonso of Hohenlohe-Langenburg">Prince Alfonso of Hohenlohe-Langenburg</a>, acquired another estate, <i>Finca Santa Margarita</i>, which in 1954 would become the <a href="/wiki/Marbella_Club_Hotel" title="Marbella Club Hotel">Marbella Club</a>, an international resort of movie stars, business executives and the nobility. Both these resorts would be frequented by members of European aristocratic families, transforming Marbella into a destination for the international <a href="/wiki/Jet_set" title="Jet set">jet set</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-webdelayuntamiento_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webdelayuntamiento-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1950s <a href="/wiki/Torremolinos" title="Torremolinos">Torremolinos</a> began to become a popular holiday destination and was visited by international celebrities such as <a href="/wiki/Grace_Kelly" title="Grace Kelly">Grace Kelly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ava_Gardner" title="Ava Gardner">Ava Gardner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marlon_Brando" title="Marlon Brando">Marlon Brando</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Bardot" title="Brigitte Bardot">Brigitte Bardot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-HårdMisa2008_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HårdMisa2008-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Hotel la Roca had opened in 1942, with the <a href="/wiki/Hotel_Pez_Espada" title="Hotel Pez Espada">Hotel Pez Espada</a> opening in 1959.<sup id="cite_ref-Playa_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Playa-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brigitte_Bardot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Brigitte_Bardot.jpg/250px-Brigitte_Bardot.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Brigitte_Bardot.jpg/330px-Brigitte_Bardot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Brigitte_Bardot.jpg/400px-Brigitte_Bardot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="469" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Bardot" title="Brigitte Bardot">Brigitte Bardot</a> enjoying the nightlife in 1958<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1960s_and_1970s">1960s and 1970s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Costa_del_Sol&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1960s and 1970s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Costa del Sol experienced an explosive demographic and economic expansion with the boom in tourism between 1959 and 1974. The name "Costa del Sol" was a brand created specifically to market the Mediterranean coastline of Málaga province to foreign vacationers.<sup id="cite_ref-Nogues-Pedregal2012_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nogues-Pedregal2012-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historically the provincial population had lived in the fishing villages, and in the "white" villages (pueblos blancos) a short distance inland in the mountains running down to the coast. The area was developed to meet the demands of international tourism in the 1950s and has since been a popular destination for foreign tourists not only for its beaches but also for its local culture. </p><p>The "<a href="/wiki/Spanish_miracle" title="Spanish miracle">Spanish miracle</a>" fed itself on the rural exodus which created a new class of industrial workers.<sup id="cite_ref-Magone2001_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Magone2001-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The economic boom led to an increase in rapid, largely unplanned building on the periphery of the cities of the Costa del Sol to accommodate the new workers arriving from the countryside. Some cities preserved their historic centres, but most were altered by often haphazard commercial and residential developments. The same fate befell long stretches of scenic coastline as <a href="/wiki/Mass_tourism" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass tourism">mass tourism</a> exploded.<sup id="cite_ref-Wong1993_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wong1993-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Torremolinos' popularity as a tourist destination had a domino effect, and in the late 1960s and early 1970s, nearby municipalities such as <a href="/wiki/Benalmadena" class="mw-redirect" title="Benalmadena">Benalmadena</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fuengirola" title="Fuengirola">Fuengirola</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mijas" title="Mijas">Mijas</a>, also saw a growth in the number of tourists. The 1960s brought a radical change in the appearance of the small fishing villages. Hotels were opened in <a href="/wiki/Nerja" title="Nerja">Nerja</a> and Málaga and promoted by Ricardo Soriano and his nephew <a href="/wiki/Prince_Alfonso_of_Hohenlohe-Langenburg" title="Prince Alfonso of Hohenlohe-Langenburg">Alfonso of Hohenlohe</a>. <a href="/wiki/Marbella" title="Marbella">Marbella</a> became a fashionable destination for aristocrats and the rich.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The author Juan Bonilla portrayed the swinging Sixties scene on the Costa del Sol<sup id="cite_ref-Gill2008_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gill2008-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in his non-fiction work of caustic cultural criticism, <i>La Costa del Sol en la hora pop</i> (2007),<sup id="cite_ref-Bonilla2007_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bonilla2007-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> depicting real-life characters from elderly expatriate Nazis and jailbird criminal politicians to titled aristocratic playboys like Soriano and Hohenlohe. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_1970s_onwards">Late 1970s onwards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Costa_del_Sol&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Late 1970s onwards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The rebuilding of the Málaga Airport was the decisive improvement to infrastructure that facilitated mass tourism on the coast. Low cost charter flights and holiday packages made it a player on the international market. By the 1970s trips to Spain were the predominant business of the European tour operators,<sup id="cite_ref-HårdMisa2008_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HårdMisa2008-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Costa del Sol continued to increase in popularity through the decade. This trend coincided with rapid industrial growth in Málaga and the decline of dependence on the agricultural sector,<sup id="cite_ref-RingSalkin1995_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RingSalkin1995-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although growth in the general economy of Spain slowed almost to a standstill after 1973.<sup id="cite_ref-Shubert2003_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shubert2003-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As rapid development proceeded on the Costa del Sol, and the influx of expatriate retirees from northern European countries,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KingMas2001_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KingMas2001-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> notably Great Britain, increased during the late 1970s and 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-KingWood2013_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KingWood2013-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has since then sometimes been referred to in the press of the United Kingdom as the "Costa del Crime",<sup id="cite_ref-O'Reilly2002_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-O'Reilly2002-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> because British criminals would escape justice at home by moving there to live their lives in luxury. The presence of the Italian <a href="/wiki/Camorra" title="Camorra">Camorra</a> in the Costa del Sol is also so strong that Camorra bosses refer to it as <i>Costa Nostra</i> ("Our Coast"), according to Italian journalist <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Saviano" title="Roberto Saviano">Roberto Saviano</a>, a specialist on the <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a> criminal underworld.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With tense relations between the UK and Spain over <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Extradition" title="Extradition">extradition</a> arrangements were not at that time agreed.<sup id="cite_ref-crime_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-crime-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This phenomenon has been alluded to in films and television shows such as <i><a href="/wiki/Auf_Wiedersehen,_Pet" title="Auf Wiedersehen, Pet">Auf Wiedersehen, Pet</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Bad_Girls_(TV_series)" title="Bad Girls (TV series)"><i>Bad Girls</i></a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Cook_Report" title="The Cook Report">The Cook Report</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Olsen_Gang_on_the_Track" title="The Olsen Gang on the Track">The Olsen Gang on the Track</a></i>, as well as in the more recent films <i><a href="/wiki/Sexy_Beast" title="Sexy Beast">Sexy Beast</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Business_(film)" title="The Business (film)">The Business</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the more famous British criminals known to have fled to the Costa del Sol in the past were <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Wilson_(criminal)" title="Charlie Wilson (criminal)">Charlie Wilson</a>, Ronnie Knight, <a href="/wiki/Freddie_Foreman" title="Freddie Foreman">Freddie Foreman</a>, Anthony Fraser (grandson of Mad <a href="/wiki/Frankie_Fraser" title="Frankie Fraser">Frankie Fraser</a>), and more recently Andrew Moran. John Disley, nicknamed the "King of Marbella",<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="WP:DAILYMAIL (June 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> (not to be confused with the international criminal <a href="/wiki/Monzer_al-Kassar" title="Monzer al-Kassar">Monzer al-Kassar</a> whose nickname is the "Prince of Marbella"), masterminded a £700,000 bank fraud.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other European criminal entrepreneurs, many of Russian and Dutch origin, have also settled on this coast for the climate and functional advantages for their enterprises, as well as being active investors in the property sector.<sup id="cite_ref-AntonopoulosGroenhuijsen2011_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AntonopoulosGroenhuijsen2011-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Costa del Sol welcomes millions of tourists annually. Visitors arriving by air can land at either <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga_Airport" title="Málaga Airport">Málaga Airport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Federico_Garc%C3%ADa_Lorca_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Federico García Lorca Airport">Granada Airport</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_International_Airport" title="Gibraltar International Airport">Gibraltar International Airport</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources"><span title="The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. This 25-year-old source is not reliable in support of a factual, quantitative statement about the present (2019) (June 2019)">unreliable source?</span></a></i>]</sup> and head to one of the many resorts located along this stretch of coastline from <a href="/wiki/Manilva" title="Manilva">Manilva</a> in the west to <a href="/wiki/Nerja" title="Nerja">Nerja</a> in the east.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Independent_sources" title="Wikipedia:Independent sources"><span title="These three refs are all tourism marketing sites (June 2019)">independent source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Costa_del_Sol&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 1998 the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_M%C3%A1laga" title="Port of Málaga">Port of Málaga</a> has been undergoing renovation and expansion as part of the project called the <i>Plan Especial del Puerto de Málaga</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are major projects underway or planned which will radically change the image of the port and surrounding areas. The traffic of goods rose from 2,261,828 metric tonnes in 2010 and more than doubled to 5,448,260 tonnes in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-Port_traffic_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Port_traffic-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Passenger">Passenger</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Costa_del_Sol&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Passenger"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cruise shipping has become an essential industry at the port and a major driver of investment in Málaga. In 2012 there were 651,517 passengers visiting the city on board cruise ships calling at the port, including those who started or ended their cruise in Málaga.<sup id="cite_ref-Port_traffic_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Port_traffic-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The development of the cruise industry is proceeding with a new passenger terminal, port museum, and environmental education centre planned for inclusion in the cruise ship facilities at Quay 2. A commercial marina will also operate from Quay 1, catering to 24 super-yachts of up to 30 metres, and the Eastern Quay passenger terminal will be remodeled to improve pedestrian access and double existing capacity to 560,000 passengers a year. </p><p>The four ports of Marbella are primarily recreational; although both <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Ban%C3%BAs" title="Puerto Banús">Puerto Banús</a> and the Puerto de la Bajadilla are permitted to dock cruise ships, neither operates regular service to other ports. The port of Bajadilla is also home to the fishermen's guild of Marbella and is used for the transport of goods. </p><p><a href="/wiki/AVE" title="AVE">AVE</a> (<i>Alta Velocidad Española</i>, AVE), a <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail" title="High-speed rail">high-speed rail</a> service operated by <a href="/wiki/Renfe" title="Renfe">Renfe</a>, the Spanish national railway company, inaugurated the Córdoba-Málaga high-speed rail line, a <a href="/wiki/Standard_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard gauge">standard gauge</a> railway line 155 kilometres (96 mi) in length, on 24 December 2007. Designed for speeds of 300 km/h (186 mph) and compatibility with neighbouring countries' rail systems, it connects Málaga and <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B3rdoba,_Spain" title="Córdoba, Spain">Córdoba</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The proposed <a href="/wiki/Costa_del_Sol_railway" title="Costa del Sol railway">Costa del Sol railway</a> would link Málaga with Marbella and Estepona. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gastronomy">Gastronomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Costa_del_Sol&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Gastronomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Native cuisine on the Costa del Sol, as in the rest of Andalusia, has been influenced historically by Spanish, Jewish and Arabic traditions, and emphasises seafood. <i><a href="/wiki/Pescado_frito" title="Pescado frito">Pescaíto frito</a></i>, small fish breaded without egg and fried in olive oil, then served with fresh lemon, is a universally popular dish. Gazpacho is a famous refreshing cold soup made of raw tomatoes, cucumber, onions, green peppers, garlic, bread, oil and vinegar. <i>Tortillas</i>, Spanish omelettes made with potatoes and served cold, are typical, and a plate of thin-sliced <i><a href="/wiki/Jam%C3%B3n_serrano" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamón serrano">jamón serrano</a></i>, or dry-cured ham, with a glass of <a href="/wiki/Sherry" title="Sherry">sherry</a> or <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1laga_and_Sierras_de_M%C3%A1laga" title="Málaga and Sierras de Málaga">Málaga wine</a> is a traditional combination. The <i>Ir de Tapas</i> (Tapas tour) is a popular activity where one visits various bars and restaurants to eat Tapas. Some bars will serve a <i><a href="/wiki/Tapas" title="Tapas">tapa</a></i> for free when one orders a drink. <i><a href="/wiki/Churros" class="mw-redirect" title="Churros">Churros</a></i>, fried-dough pastries served hot and dipped in <a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_con_leche" title="Café con leche">café con leche</a> or hot chocolate are a typical breakfast food. </p><p><i>Chiringuitos</i>, small, open-air beachside restaurants, offer respite from the summer heat of the cities in the high holiday season. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Image_gallery">Image gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Costa_del_Sol&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Image gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 211.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 209.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mijasgolf.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Mijasgolf.jpg/330px-Mijasgolf.jpg" decoding="async" width="210" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Mijasgolf.jpg/500px-Mijasgolf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Mijasgolf.jpg/628px-Mijasgolf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="459" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 174px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 172px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Marbella4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Marbella4.jpg/258px-Marbella4.jpg" decoding="async" width="172" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Marbella4.jpg/387px-Marbella4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Marbella4.jpg/515px-Marbella4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="559" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Marbella1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Marbella1.jpg/330px-Marbella1.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Marbella1.jpg/500px-Marbella1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Marbella1.jpg/541px-Marbella1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 162px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Festival_3_culturas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Festival_3_culturas.jpg/250px-Festival_3_culturas.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Festival_3_culturas.jpg/500px-Festival_3_culturas.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 82px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 80px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hip%C3%B3dromo_Costa_del_Sol_Mijas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hip%C3%B3dromo_Costa_del_Sol_Mijas.jpg/120px-Hip%C3%B3dromo_Costa_del_Sol_Mijas.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Hip%C3%B3dromo_Costa_del_Sol_Mijas.jpg/181px-Hip%C3%B3dromo_Costa_del_Sol_Mijas.jpg 1.5x, 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class="thumb" style="width: 160px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mijas_10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Mijas_10.jpg/250px-Mijas_10.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Mijas_10.jpg/500px-Mijas_10.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3477" data-file-height="2609" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 122px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 120px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sunrise,_Marbella.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Sunrise%2C_Marbella.jpg/250px-Sunrise%2C_Marbella.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Sunrise%2C_Marbella.jpg/330px-Sunrise%2C_Marbella.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Sunrise%2C_Marbella.jpg/500px-Sunrise%2C_Marbella.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:El_Embarcadero_Benalm%C3%A1dena.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/El_Embarcadero_Benalm%C3%A1dena.jpg/270px-El_Embarcadero_Benalm%C3%A1dena.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/El_Embarcadero_Benalm%C3%A1dena.jpg/405px-El_Embarcadero_Benalm%C3%A1dena.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/El_Embarcadero_Benalm%C3%A1dena.jpg/540px-El_Embarcadero_Benalm%C3%A1dena.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 460.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 458.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Puerto_Ban%C3%BAs_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Puerto_Ban%C3%BAs_3.jpg/688px-Puerto_Ban%C3%BAs_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="459" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Puerto_Ban%C3%BAs_3.jpg/1031px-Puerto_Ban%C3%BAs_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Puerto_Ban%C3%BAs_3.jpg/1375px-Puerto_Ban%C3%BAs_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10725" data-file-height="2810" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 182px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MalagaEste.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/MalagaEste.jpg/330px-MalagaEste.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/MalagaEste.jpg/500px-MalagaEste.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/MalagaEste.jpg/960px-MalagaEste.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Costa_del_Sol&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFturismo2009" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">turismo, luciano alonso consejero de (3 May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.laopiniondemalaga.es/malaga/2009/05/03/costa-sol-destino-pionero-innovador-29024717.html">"La Costa del Sol, destino pionero e innovador"</a>. <i>La Opinión de Málaga</i> (in Spanish)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+Opini%C3%B3n+de+M%C3%A1laga&rft.atitle=La+Costa+del+Sol%2C+destino+pionero+e+innovador&rft.date=2009-05-03&rft.aulast=turismo&rft.aufirst=luciano+alonso+consejero+de&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.laopiniondemalaga.es%2Fmalaga%2F2009%2F05%2F03%2Fcosta-sol-destino-pionero-innovador-29024717.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACosta+del+Sol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGalstererCancikSchneider" class="citation web cs1">Galsterer, Hartmut; Cancik, Hubert; Schneider, Helmuth. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/brill-s-new-pauly/lex-malacitana-e703230">"Lex Malacitana"</a>. <i>Reference. Antiquity volumes</i>. Brill's New Pauly. Brill Online<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reference.+Antiquity+volumes&rft.atitle=Lex+Malacitana&rft.aulast=Galsterer&rft.aufirst=Hartmut&rft.au=Cancik%2C+Hubert&rft.au=Schneider%2C+Helmuth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brillonline.com%2Fentries%2Fbrill-s-new-pauly%2Flex-malacitana-e703230&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACosta+del+Sol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dodds1992-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dodds1992_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJerrilynn_Denise_Dodds1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jerrilynn_Denise_Dodds" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerrilynn Denise Dodds">Jerrilynn Denise Dodds</a> (January 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lLAryx8bC8UC&pg=PA52"><i>Al-Andalus: The Art of Islamic Spain</i></a>. Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 52. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87099-636-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87099-636-8"><bdi>978-0-87099-636-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Al-Andalus%3A+The+Art+of+Islamic+Spain&rft.pages=52&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft.date=1992-01&rft.isbn=978-0-87099-636-8&rft.au=Jerrilynn+Denise+Dodds&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlLAryx8bC8UC%26pg%3DPA52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACosta+del+Sol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BloomBlair2009-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BloomBlair2009_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBloomBlair2009" class="citation book cs1">Bloom, Jonathan M.; Blair, Sheila (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=un4WcfEASZwC&pg=RA1-PA436"><i>The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 436. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-530991-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-530991-1"><bdi>978-0-19-530991-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Grove+Encyclopedia+of+Islamic+Art+and+Architecture&rft.pages=436&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-19-530991-1&rft.aulast=Bloom&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+M.&rft.au=Blair%2C+Sheila&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dun4WcfEASZwC%26pg%3DRA1-PA436&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACosta+del+Sol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ginio1992-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ginio1992_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGinio1992" class="citation book cs1">Ginio, Alisa M. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=14T9IpStzscC&pg=PA68"><i>Jews, Christians, and Muslims in the Mediterranean World After 1492</i></a>. Cass. p. 68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-8050-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-8050-7"><bdi>978-0-7146-8050-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(26 November 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iZUGYOoIiscC&pg=PA198"><i>Spain, Europe, and the 'Spanish Miracle', 1700–1900</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 198. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-64630-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-64630-7"><bdi>978-0-521-64630-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Pentland. p. 58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85821-690-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85821-690-4"><bdi>978-1-85821-690-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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La población de Marbella en los inicios de la Marbella Iron Ore Company and Limited (1866–1874)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Spanish). Universidad de Granada. p. 16. Archived from the original on 19 May 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2013</span>. <q>Footnote 94: "En la última década del siglo, la crisis industrial viene acompañada de los primeros síntomas del declive minero: en 1893 se suspendió la explotación por la gran acumulación de existencias, y se va haciendo reconocible, al mismo tiempo, la poca disposición que la sociedad propietaria de las minas de l término, la 'Marbella Iron Ore C&L', demostró para renovar los sistemas tradicionales de extracción, y que a la postre redundaría en el paulatino agotamiento de las vetas" ( Vid LÓPEZ SERRANO, F. A. (2000): "Miseria, guerra y corrupción. Una aproximación a la Marbella de 1898", Cilniana , 13, pp. 4–17)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Comportamiento+demogr%C3%A1fico+ante+la+inversi%C3%B3n+minera+for%C3%A1nea.+La+poblaci%C3%B3n+de+Marbella+en+los+inicios+de+la+Marbella+Iron+Ore+Company+and+Limited+%281866%E2%80%931874%29&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Universidad+de+Granada&rft.au=Jos%C3%A9+Bernal+Gutierrez&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ugr.es%2F~adeh%2Fcomunicaciones%2FBernal_Gutierrez_J.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACosta+del+Sol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPellejero_Martínez2005" class="citation journal cs1">Pellejero Martínez, Carmelo (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/educacion/vscripts/wbi/w/rec/4612.pdf">"Turismo y Economía en la Málaga del siglo XX"</a> [Tourism and the Economy in Málaga of the 20th Century] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Revista de Historia Industrial</i>. 3. <b>XIV</b> (29). Universidad de Málaga: 3<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+de+Historia+Industrial&rft.atitle=Turismo+y+Econom%C3%ADa+en+la+M%C3%A1laga+del+siglo+XX&rft.volume=XIV&rft.issue=29&rft.pages=3&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Pellejero+Mart%C3%ADnez&rft.aufirst=Carmelo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.juntadeandalucia.es%2Feducacion%2Fvscripts%2Fwbi%2Fw%2Frec%2F4612.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACosta+del+Sol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Esenwein2005-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Esenwein2005_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEsenwein2005" class="citation book cs1">Esenwein, George R. (14 September 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ifTEhLqQ30YC&pg=PA143"><i>The Spanish Civil War: A Modern Tragedy</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. p. 143. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-203-08785-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-203-08785-5"><bdi>978-0-203-08785-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Spanish+Civil+War%3A+A+Modern+Tragedy&rft.pages=143&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2005-09-14&rft.isbn=978-0-203-08785-5&rft.aulast=Esenwein&rft.aufirst=George+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DifTEhLqQ30YC%26pg%3DPA143&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACosta+del+Sol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cortada2011-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Cortada2011_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCortada2011" class="citation book cs1">Cortada, James W. (30 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DxVUH_1pUZkC&pg=PR9"><i>Modern Warfare in Spain: American Military Observations on the Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939</i></a>. Potomac Books, Inc. p. 92. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59797-556-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59797-556-8"><bdi>978-1-59797-556-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Warfare+in+Spain%3A+American+Military+Observations+on+the+Spanish+Civil+War%2C+1936%E2%80%931939&rft.pages=92&rft.pub=Potomac+Books%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2011-11-30&rft.isbn=978-1-59797-556-8&rft.aulast=Cortada&rft.aufirst=James+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDxVUH_1pUZkC%26pg%3DPR9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACosta+del+Sol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beevor2006-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Beevor2006_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBeevor2006" class="citation book cs1">Beevor, Antony (2006). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/battleforspainsp00anto"><i>The Battle for Spain: The Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939</i></a></span>. Penguin Books. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/battleforspainsp00anto/page/201">201</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-303765-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-303765-1"><bdi>978-0-14-303765-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Battle+for+Spain%3A+The+Spanish+Civil+War%2C+1936%E2%80%931939&rft.pages=201&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-14-303765-1&rft.aulast=Beevor&rft.aufirst=Antony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbattleforspainsp00anto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACosta+del+Sol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Beevor 2006, p. 93</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-webdelayuntamiento-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-webdelayuntamiento_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-webdelayuntamiento_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304111022/http://www.webdelayuntamiento.com/informacion-de-marbella-4853.html">"Localizacion de Marbella Informacion sobre Marbella que pertenece a la provincia de Málaga"</a> (in Spanish). La web del ayuntamiento. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webdelayuntamiento.com/informacion-de-marbella-4853.html">the original</a> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Marbella+Story&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=GeoPlaneta%2C+Editorial%2C+S.+A.&rft.date=1989-04-01&rft.isbn=978-84-320-4707-7&rft.aulast=Jord%C3%A1n&rft.aufirst=%C3%81ngel+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBi0MAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACosta+del+Sol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HårdMisa2008-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HårdMisa2008_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HårdMisa2008_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHårdMisa2008" class="citation book cs1">Hård, Mikael; Misa, Thomas J. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Urban+Machinery%3A+Inside+Modern+European+Cities&rft.pages=116&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=2008-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-262-08369-0&rft.aulast=H%C3%A5rd&rft.aufirst=Mikael&rft.au=Misa%2C+Thomas+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv_40CUm6gLMC%26pg%3DPA116&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACosta+del+Sol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Playa-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Playa_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPlaya" class="citation book cs1">Playa, Med. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qBAgpuQUkPQC&pg=PA123"><i>El Hotel Pez Espada y su contribución al desarrollo turístico de la Costa del Sol</i></a>. 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Transaction Publishers. pp. 187–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4128-2576-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4128-2576-4"><bdi>978-1-4128-2576-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iberian+Trade+Unionism%3A+Democratization+Under+the+Impact+of+the+European+Union&rft.pages=187-&rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-4128-2576-4&rft.au=Jos%C3%A9+Mar%C3%ADa+Magone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmjMiu_p55IIC%26pg%3DPA187&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACosta+del+Sol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wong1993-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wong1993_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcDowell,_ACarter,_RPollard,_J1993" class="citation book cs1">McDowell, A; Carter, R; Pollard, J (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=21ikixG655wC&pg=PA189">"The Impact of Man on the Shoreline Environment of the Costa del Sol, Southern Spain"</a>. 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Lunwerg Editores. 27 March 2008. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-9785-401-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-9785-401-6"><bdi>978-84-9785-401-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Oxford University Press. pp. 211–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-970451-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-970451-4"><bdi>978-0-19-970451-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Andalucia%3A+A+Cultural+History+%28Landscapes+of+the+Imagination%29&rft.pages=211-&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008-11-05&rft.isbn=978-0-19-970451-4&rft.aulast=Gill&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgGY2fSXko5kC%26pg%3DPA211&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACosta+del+Sol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bonilla2007-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bonilla2007_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBonilla2007" class="citation book cs1">Bonilla, Juan (1 January 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vbOyKwAACAAJ"><i>Las Costa del Sol en la hora pop</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Dictionary+of+Historic+Places%3A+Southern+Europe&rft.pages=410-&rft.pub=Fitzroy+Dearborn+Publishers&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-1-884964-02-2&rft.aulast=Ring&rft.aufirst=Trudy&rft.au=Salkin%2C+Robert+M.&rft.au=Sharon+La+Boda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D74JI2UlcU8AC%26pg%3DPA410&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACosta+del+Sol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shubert2003-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shubert2003_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShubert2003" class="citation book cs1">Shubert, Adrian (3 October 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=f7DaseuBh8oC&pg=PA210"><i>A Social History of Modern Spain</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. p. 210. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-203-42121-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-203-42121-5"><bdi>978-0-203-42121-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Social+History+of+Modern+Spain&rft.pages=210&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2003-10-03&rft.isbn=978-0-203-42121-5&rft.aulast=Shubert&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Df7DaseuBh8oC%26pg%3DPA210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACosta+del+Sol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRodriguez2001" class="citation journal cs1">Rodriguez, Vicente (2001). 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Mansvelt-Beck (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J749Us2CoQAC&pg=PA187"><i>Geography, Environment and Development in the Mediterranean</i></a>. Sussex Academic Press. p. 187. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-898723-90-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-898723-90-5"><bdi>978-1-898723-90-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Geography%2C+Environment+and+Development+in+the+Mediterranean&rft.pages=187&rft.pub=Sussex+Academic+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-898723-90-5&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Russell&rft.au=Paolo+de+Mas&rft.au=J.+Mansvelt-Beck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ749Us2CoQAC%26pg%3DPA187&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACosta+del+Sol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KingWood2013-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KingWood2013_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFO'Reilly2013" class="citation book cs1">O'Reilly, Karen (15 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JGFneM4f0nsC&pg=PA177">"The British on the Costa del Sol"</a>. In Russell King, Nancy Wood (ed.). <i>Media and Migration: Constructions of Mobility and Difference</i>. Routledge. pp. <span class="nowrap">177–</span>179. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-58405-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-58405-5"><bdi>978-1-134-58405-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+British+on+the+Costa+del+Sol&rft.btitle=Media+and+Migration%3A+Constructions+of+Mobility+and+Difference&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E177-%3C%2Fspan%3E179&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013-04-15&rft.isbn=978-1-134-58405-5&rft.aulast=O%27Reilly&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJGFneM4f0nsC%26pg%3DPA177&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACosta+del+Sol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-O'Reilly2002-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-O'Reilly2002_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFO'Reilly2002" class="citation book cs1">O'Reilly, Karen (1 November 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gXxRltHc9eEC"><i>The British on The Costa Del Sol</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. p. 69. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-203-49540-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-203-49540-7"><bdi>978-0-203-49540-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+British+on+The+Costa+Del+Sol&rft.pages=69&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2002-11-01&rft.isbn=978-0-203-49540-7&rft.aulast=O%27Reilly&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgXxRltHc9eEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACosta+del+Sol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thelocal.it/20190205/spanish-police-strike-blow-to-camorra-crime-network">"Spanish police strike blow to Camorra mafia crime network"</a>. <i>The Local</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Local&rft.atitle=Spanish+police+strike+blow+to+Camorra+mafia+crime+network&rft.date=2019-02-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelocal.it%2F20190205%2Fspanish-police-strike-blow-to-camorra-crime-network&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACosta+del+Sol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-crime-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-crime_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCampbell2013" class="citation news cs1">Campbell, Duncan (14 July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2013/jul/14/mark-lilley-costa-del-crime">"As police arrest British fugitives in Spain, are the days of the Costa del Crime numbered?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=As+police+arrest+British+fugitives+in+Spain%2C+are+the+days+of+the+Costa+del+Crime+numbered%3F&rft.date=2013-07-14&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Duncan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk-news%2F2013%2Fjul%2F14%2Fmark-lilley-costa-del-crime&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACosta+del+Sol" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRoom2003" class="citation book cs1">Room, Adrian (1 January 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PzIer-wYbnQC&pg=PA424"><i>Placenames of the World: Origins and Meanings of the Names for Over 5000 Natural Features, Countries, Capitals, Territories, Cities and Historic Sites</i></a>. McFarland. p. 424. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-1814-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-1814-5"><bdi>978-0-7864-1814-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Placenames+of+the+World%3A+Origins+and+Meanings+of+the+Names+for+Over+5000+Natural+Features%2C+Countries%2C+Capitals%2C+Territories%2C+Cities+and+Historic+Sites&rft.pages=424&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-1814-5&rft.aulast=Room&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPzIer-wYbnQC%26pg%3DPA424&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACosta+del+Sol" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFR._T._Naylor2008" class="citation book cs1">R. T. Naylor (1 January 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5fgqCMUvDkEC&pg=PA208"><i>Patriots and Profiteers: Economic Warfare, Embargo Busting, and State-Sponsored Crime</i></a>. McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP. p. 208. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-7489-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-7489-2"><bdi>978-0-7735-7489-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Patriots+and+Profiteers%3A+Economic+Warfare%2C+Embargo+Busting%2C+and+State-Sponsored+Crime&rft.pages=208&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+Press+%E2%80%93+MQUP&rft.date=2008-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-7735-7489-2&rft.au=R.+T.+Naylor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5fgqCMUvDkEC%26pg%3DPA208&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACosta+del+Sol" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSummers2002" class="citation news cs1">Summers, Chris (11 July 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/2121868.stm">"Life on the 'Costa del Crime'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Life+on+the+%27Costa+del+Crime%27&rft.date=2002-07-11&rft.aulast=Summers&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F2121868.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACosta+del+Sol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHobson2006" class="citation news cs1">Hobson, Judy (23 December 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/6203673.stm">"Hotline puts squeeze on 'Costa del Crime'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Hotline+puts+squeeze+on+%27Costa+del+Crime%27&rft.date=2006-12-23&rft.aulast=Hobson&rft.aufirst=Judy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk%2F6203673.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACosta+del+Sol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMacKINNON1995" class="citation news cs1">MacKINNON, IAN (5 January 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/end-of-an-era-for-the-costa-del-crime-1566612.html">"End of an era for the Costa del Crime"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=End+of+an+era+for+the+Costa+del+Crime&rft.date=1995-01-05&rft.aulast=MacKINNON&rft.aufirst=IAN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fend-of-an-era-for-the-costa-del-crime-1566612.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACosta+del+Sol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AntonopoulosGroenhuijsen2011-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AntonopoulosGroenhuijsen2011_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAntonopoulosGroenhuijsenHarveyKooijmans2011" class="citation book cs1">Antonopoulos, Georgios; Groenhuijsen, Marc; Harvey, Jackie; Kooijmans, Tijs; Maljevic, Almir; Klaus Von Lampe (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M7oV39ilah0C&pg=PA240"><i>Usual and Unusual Organising Criminals in Europe and Beyond: Profitable Crimes, from Underworld to Upper World: Liber Amicorum Petrus Van Duyne</i></a>. Maklu. p. 240. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-466-0429-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-466-0429-8"><bdi>978-90-466-0429-8</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Usual+and+Unusual+Organising+Criminals+in+Europe+and+Beyond%3A+Profitable+Crimes%2C+from+Underworld+to+Upper+World%3A+Liber+Amicorum+Petrus+Van+Duyne&rft.pages=240&rft.pub=Maklu&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-90-466-0429-8&rft.aulast=Antonopoulos&rft.aufirst=Georgios&rft.au=Groenhuijsen%2C+Marc&rft.au=Harvey%2C+Jackie&rft.au=Kooijmans%2C+Tijs&rft.au=Maljevic%2C+Almir&rft.au=Klaus+Von+Lampe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM7oV39ilah0C%26pg%3DPA240&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACosta+del+Sol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDodson1993" class="citation news cs1">Dodson, Reynolds (14 February 1993). "The Costa del Sol's Quiet Side". <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Costa+del+Sol%27s+Quiet+Side&rft.date=1993-02-14&rft.aulast=Dodson&rft.aufirst=Reynolds&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACosta+del+Sol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitcostadelsol.com/">Visit Costa del Sol</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spain.info/en/resultadosBusqueda/resultadosBusqueda.html?l=en&q=Costa+del+Sol&buscar=Search&s=relevance">Spain-Costa del Sol</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.andalucia.org/en/sun-and-beaches/costa-del-sol/?set_language=en">Costa del Sol-Malaga-Andalusia</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.malagahoy.es/article/malaga/329303/las/actuaciones/previstas/plan/puerto/siguen/sumando/retraso.html">"Las actuaciones previstas en el Plan del Puerto siguen sumando retraso"</a>. <i>Málaga Hoy</i>. 20 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=M%C3%A1laga+Hoy&rft.atitle=Las+actuaciones+previstas+en+el+Plan+del+Puerto+siguen+sumando+retraso&rft.date=2009-01-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malagahoy.es%2Farticle%2Fmalaga%2F329303%2Flas%2Factuaciones%2Fprevistas%2Fplan%2Fpuerto%2Fsiguen%2Fsumando%2Fretraso.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACosta+del+Sol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Port_traffic-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Port_traffic_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Port_traffic_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAutoridad_Portuaria_de_Málaga" class="citation web cs1">Autoridad Portuaria de Málaga, Puerto de Málaga. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.puertomalaga.com/web/guest/trafico-maritimo">"Maritime Traffic"</a>. Autoridad Portuaria de Málaga<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maritime+Traffic&rft.pub=Autoridad+Portuaria+de+M%C3%A1laga&rft.aulast=Autoridad+Portuaria+de+M%C3%A1laga&rft.aufirst=Puerto+de+M%C3%A1laga&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.puertomalaga.com%2Fweb%2Fguest%2Ftrafico-maritimo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACosta+del+Sol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAdministrador_de_Infraestructuras_Ferroviarias" class="citation web cs1">Administrador de Infraestructuras Ferroviarias, Adif. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120621053537/http://www.adif.es/en_US/infraestructuras/lineas_de_alta_velocidad/cordoba-malaga/cordoba-malaga.shtml">"High Speed Reaches the Costa del Sol Cordoba-Malaga line"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adif.es/en_US/infraestructuras/lineas_de_alta_velocidad/cordoba-malaga/cordoba-malaga.shtml">the original</a> on 21 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=High+Speed+Reaches+the+Costa+del+Sol+Cordoba-Malaga+line&rft.aulast=Administrador+de+Infraestructuras+Ferroviarias&rft.aufirst=Adif&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adif.es%2Fen_US%2Finfraestructuras%2Flineas_de_alta_velocidad%2Fcordoba-malaga%2Fcordoba-malaga.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACosta+del+Sol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Costa_del_Sol&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/120px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Costa_del_Sol#Q215254" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Costa del Sol">Costa del Sol</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735" /><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Costa_del_Sol" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Costa del Sol">Costa del Sol</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visitcostadelsol.com/">Website of the Costa del Sol and Málaga tourism board</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Costas" title="Template:Costas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Costas" title="Template talk:Costas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Costas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Costas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="List_of_the_Spanish_Costas55" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_beaches_in_Spain" title="List of beaches in Spain">List of the Spanish Costas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Costa_de_Almer%C3%ADa" title="Costa de Almería">Costa de Almería</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_del_Azahar" title="Costa del Azahar">Costa del Azahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Blanca" title="Costa Blanca">Costa Blanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Brava" title="Costa Brava">Costa Brava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_C%C3%A1lida" title="Costa Cálida">Costa Cálida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Daurada" title="Costa Daurada">Costa Daurada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_de_la_Luz" title="Costa de la Luz">Costa de la Luz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_do_Marisco" title="Costa do Marisco">Costa do Marisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_da_Morte" title="Costa da Morte">Costa da Morte</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Costa del Sol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Tropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Costa Tropical">Costa Tropical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_de_Valencia" title="Costa de Valencia">Costa de Valencia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Costa_Verde_(Spain)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Costa Verde (Spain) (page does not exist)">Costa Verde (Spain)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_Verde_(Espa%C3%B1a)" class="extiw" title="es:Costa Verde (España)">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADas_Altas" title="Rías Altas">Rías Altas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADas_Baixas" title="Rías Baixas">Rías Baixas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4010616-0">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85033204">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11970514c">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11970514c">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Costa del Sol (Španělsko)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge494713&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/pm132hg73kl2mdk">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007567984805171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027723372">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Costa_del_Sol&params=36.79_N_4.48_W_type:landmark_region:ES"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">36°47′N</span> <span class="longitude">4°29′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">36.79°N 4.48°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">36.79; -4.48</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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