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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Congregations_of_friars"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Congregations of friars</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Congregations_of_friars-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1.1</span> <span>Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1.2</span> <span>Poland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spain"> <div 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<span>Colombia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colombia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-France" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#France"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2.2</span> <span>France</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-France-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2.3</span> <span>Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2.4</span> <span>India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ireland_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ireland_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2.5</span> <span>Ireland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ireland_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Italy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Italy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2.6</span> <span>Italy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Italy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Netherlands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Netherlands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2.7</span> <span>Netherlands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Netherlands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philippines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philippines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2.8</span> <span>Philippines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philippines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poland_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poland_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2.9</span> <span>Poland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poland_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Portugal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portugal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2.10</span> <span>Portugal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portugal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Switzerland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Switzerland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2.11</span> <span>Switzerland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Switzerland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uganda" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uganda"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2.12</span> <span>Uganda</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uganda-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2.13</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lutheranism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lutheranism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Lutheranism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Lutheranism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Lutheranism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Lutheranism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lutheran_Franciscan_Tertiaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lutheran_Franciscan_Tertiaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Lutheran Franciscan Tertiaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lutheran_Franciscan_Tertiaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anglicanism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anglicanism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Anglicanism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anglicanism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External 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mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiers-Ordre_franciscain" title="Tiers-Ordre franciscain – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tiers-Ordre franciscain" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terceira_orde_de_San_Francisco" title="Terceira orde de San Francisco – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Terceira orde de San Francisco" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/III_Zakon_franciszka%C5%84ski" title="III Zakon franciszkański – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="III Zakon franciszkański" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Third+Order+of+Saint+Francis%22">"Third Order of Saint Francis"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Third+Order+of+Saint+Francis%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Third+Order+of+Saint+Francis%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Third+Order+of+Saint+Francis%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Third+Order+of+Saint+Francis%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Third+Order+of+Saint+Francis%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Third Order of Saint Francis</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Third_order" title="Third order">third order</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Franciscan" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscan">Franciscan</a> tradition of Christianity, founded by the medieval <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Italy" title="Catholic Church in Italy">Italian Catholic</a> <a href="/wiki/Friar" title="Friar">friar</a> <a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a>. </p><p>Francis founded the Third Order, originally called the <b>Brothers and Sisters of Penance</b>, in 1221, to accommodate men and women who, either from already being in <a href="/wiki/Consecrated_life" title="Consecrated life">consecrated life</a> as <a href="/wiki/Hermit" title="Hermit">hermits</a>, or from being married, were ineligible to join the Franciscan <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor" title="Order of Friars Minor">First</a> or <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Clare" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Saint Clare">Second</a> Orders, respectively. In this way, they could live their lives affiliated to the Franciscan vision of the <a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospel</a>. </p><p>The Order is divided into two different branches, each with its own <a href="/wiki/Rule_of_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="Rule of Life">Rule of Life</a>: </p><p>1) the friars and <a href="/wiki/Nun" title="Nun">nuns</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Third_Order_Regular_of_Saint_Francis_of_Penance" title="Third Order Regular of Saint Francis of Penance">Third Order Regular of Saint Francis of Penance</a> as well as the men and women who live in hundreds of <a href="/wiki/Religious_congregation" title="Religious congregation">religious congregations</a> worldwide; </p><p>2) the Third Order Secular, now called the <a href="/wiki/Secular_Franciscan_Order" title="Secular Franciscan Order">Secular Franciscan Order</a>, who belong to local <a href="/wiki/Fraternity" title="Fraternity">fraternities</a>. These members do not wear a <a href="/wiki/Religious_habit" title="Religious habit">religious habit</a>, take promises, not <a href="/wiki/Religious_vows" title="Religious vows">religious vows</a>, and do not live in community, but gather together in fellowship on a regular basis. They can be married, single or clergy.<sup id="cite_ref-sbfranciscans.org_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sbfranciscans.org-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These were reorganized and renamed in 1978, with the approval of <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> traditions also have Franciscan Third Orders.<sup id="cite_ref-Brunn2015_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brunn2015-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Order_of_Saint_Francis&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tertiaries (from the Latin <i>tertiarius</i>, relative to "third"), or what are known as "Third Orders", are those who live according to the Third Rule of religious orders, either inside or outside of a religious community. The idea which forms the basis of this institute is to allow those who cannot enter a religious order to enjoy the advantages and privileges of religious orders.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the immediate disciples of the saint had become an order bound by the religious vows, it became necessary to provide for the great body of laity—married men and women who could not leave the world or abandon their avocations, but still were part of the Franciscan movement and desired to carry out its spirit and teaching. And so, around 1221, Francis drew up a Rule for those of his followers who were debarred from being members of the order of <a href="/wiki/Friars_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="Friars Minor">Friars Minor</a>. At first they were called "Brothers and Sisters of the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Penance" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Penance">Order of Penance</a>", but later on, when the Friars were called the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor" title="Order of Friars Minor">"First Order"</a> and the nuns the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Clare" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of Saint Clare">"Second Order"</a>, the Order of Penance became the "Third Order of St. Francis", whence the name Tertiaries.<sup id="cite_ref-Baber_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baber-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the traditions of the Order, the original Rule was given by St. Francis in 1221 to a married couple, <a href="/wiki/Luchesius_Modestini" title="Luchesius Modestini">Luchesius Modestini</a> and his wife, Buonadonna, who wished to follow him but did not feel called to separate as a married couple.<sup id="cite_ref-Jarrett_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jarrett-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Francis was assisted by his friend <a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_IX" title="Pope Gregory IX">Cardinal Ugolino</a> (later Pope Gregory IX) in the creation of the order. Immediately on its establishment in 1221, the Third Order spread rapidly all over Italy and throughout western Europe. It embraced multitudes of men and women from all ranks of society. Everywhere it was connected closely with the First Order.<sup id="cite_ref-Baber_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baber-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because of the prohibition of bearing arms, the followers of this order came into conflict with local authorities and the feudal system of Italy, which customarily required men to carry arms for service in militias or for their lords.<sup id="cite_ref-Jarrett_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jarrett-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the thirteenth century, local Third Order Confraternities with variations had been established. In 1289, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_IV" title="Pope Nicholas IV">Pope Nicholas IV</a> confirmed the religious order in the bull <i>Supra montem</i>, and put the Third Order under the care of the Friars Minor.<sup id="cite_ref-Jarrett_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jarrett-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Third Order was created by Francis of Assisi, and was the exemplar after which the others were fashioned. An early date the other Mendicant Orders formed Third Orders of a similar nature, and so there came into being <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominican</a> Tertiaries, and <a href="/wiki/Carmelite" class="mw-redirect" title="Carmelite">Carmelite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Augustine" title="Order of Saint Augustine">Augustinian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Servite" class="mw-redirect" title="Servite">Servite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Premonstratensian" class="mw-redirect" title="Premonstratensian">Premonstratensian</a>, and many others. These followed the same lines of development as the Franciscan Tertiaries. </p><p>By the fifteenth century, numerous individuals living under the Rule of the Third Order were living in small communities and leading <a href="/wiki/Hermit" title="Hermit">eremitical</a> lives. A <a href="/wiki/Papal" class="mw-redirect" title="Papal">papal</a> decree of 1447 organized the more isolated communities into a new and separate <a href="/wiki/Religious_order" title="Religious order">religious order</a> with its own rule of life. The Third Order became defined between the Third Order Regular (TOR.; i.e. living under a <i>Regula</i> or "Rule") and the Third Order Secular, for those members of the Order who lived in the world. The Rules of the various Third Orders have proved very adaptable to the needs of modern congregations devoted to active works of charity, so a great number of teaching and nursing congregations of women belonged to one or other of the Third Orders.<sup id="cite_ref-Baber_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baber-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Franciscan Third Order was always the principal one. In 1883, it received a great impetus and a renewed vogue from <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_XIII" title="Pope Leo XIII">Pope Leo XIII</a> in his approval of a new <a href="/wiki/Monastic_rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Monastic rule">Rule</a> for the seculars. In 1901, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Sabatier_(theologian)" title="Paul Sabatier (theologian)">Paul Sabatier</a> published a "<i>Rule of Life of the Brothers and Sisters of Penance"</i>, which probably contained the substance of the original Rule of 1221, albeit with additions. It prescribed severe simplicity of dress and of life, abstinence, prayers and other religious exercises. It also forbade theatre attendance, the bearing of arms, and the taking of oaths except when administered by magistrates.<sup id="cite_ref-Baber_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baber-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the nineteenth century, many new congregations adopted the Rule of the Third Order without connection with the First Order.<sup id="cite_ref-Jarrett_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jarrett-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1978, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a> caused the Rules for regulars and seculars to be recast and made more suitable for the requirements of devout men and women at the present day. The secular wing of the Order was renamed as the <a href="/wiki/Secular_Franciscan_Order" title="Secular Franciscan Order">Secular Franciscan Order</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Baber_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baber-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Reformation</a>, Franciscan Third Orders aligned with the <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran Church">Lutheran Churches</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a> were organized, such as the Evangelical Franciscans Tertiaries (Evangelischen Franziskaner-Tertiaren), which was founded in 1927 by Friedrich Heiler, a Lutheran priest in Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-Giewald2011_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giewald2011-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Catholicism">Catholicism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Order_of_Saint_Francis&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Catholicism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secular_Franciscans">Secular Franciscans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Order_of_Saint_Francis&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Secular Franciscans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Secular_Franciscan_Order" title="Secular Franciscan Order">Secular Franciscan Order</a></div> <p>The Secular Franciscan Order (<i>Ordo Franciscanus Saecularis</i> in Latin), formerly the Third Order Secular, allows both laypeople and diocesan priests to join. A number of Popes have also been members of this Order. Members of the Secular Franciscan Order are not required to live in <a href="/wiki/Religious_intentional_community" title="Religious intentional community">religious community</a>, but meet in community regularly.<sup id="cite_ref-sbfranciscans.org_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sbfranciscans.org-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Professed members use the letters OFS after their name.<sup id="cite_ref-sbfranciscans.org_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sbfranciscans.org-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Presently there are about 350,000 members worldwide. </p><p>The current rule was given by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a> in 1978 with the <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_letter" title="Ecclesiastical letter">ecclesiastical letter</a> <i>Seraphicus Patriarcha</i> to adapt the Secular Franciscan Order to twentieth-century needs.<sup id="cite_ref-Seraphicus_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seraphicus-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the new Rule, the tertiaries of the Franciscan movement were set up as an autonomous Order, with their own Minister General as head and became a fully recognized order within the Catholic Church. The order's name was changed from the Third Order Secular to the Secular Franciscan Order.<sup id="cite_ref-TLAFL_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TLAFL-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Third_Order_Regular">Third Order Regular</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Order_of_Saint_Francis&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Third Order Regular"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The origin of the Regular Third Order can be traced back to the second half of the thirteenth century. It was organized, in different forms, in the Netherlands, the south of France, Germany, and Italy. Probably some secular tertiaries, who in many cases had their house of meeting, gradually withdrew entirely from the world and formed religious communities, but without the three substantial vows of religious orders. Other religious associations such as the <a href="/wiki/Beguines" class="mw-redirect" title="Beguines">Beguines</a> (women) and <a href="/wiki/Beghards" class="mw-redirect" title="Beghards">Beghards</a> (men) in the Low Countries sometimes became Third Orders. </p><p>Throughout the fourteenth century, the regular tertiaries of both sexes had in the most cases no common organization; only in the following century did single well-ordered religious communities with solemn vows and a common head develop. <a href="/wiki/Pope_Martin_V" title="Pope Martin V">Pope Martin V</a> submitted in 1428 all tertiaries, regular and secular, to the direction of the <a href="/wiki/Minister-General" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister-General">Minister-General</a> of the Friars Minor, but this disposition was soon revoked by his successor <a href="/wiki/Pope_Eugene_IV" title="Pope Eugene IV">Pope Eugene IV</a>. Leo X, to introduce uniformity into the numerous congregations, gave a new form to the rule in 1521. It retained the rule as published by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_IV" title="Pope Nicholas IV">Nicholas IV</a> all that could serve the purpose, but added new points, such as the three solemn vows and insisting on subjection to the First Order of St. Francis. For this last disposition the Rule of Leo X was met with resistance, and never was accepted by some congregations.<sup id="cite_ref-Baber_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baber-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>More than 448 congregations profess the "Rule and Life of the Brothers and Sisters of the Third Order Regular of St. Francis." There are 18 male congregations of Tertiary Franciscans, 370 congregations of Franciscan Sisters and 60 monasteries of cloistered nuns. The Third Order congregations of men and women number over 200,000.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>A new Rule, written by friars and sisters of various congregations, was approved by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a> in 1978. It is the current Rule followed by all congregations of the Third Order Regular. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Congregations_of_friars">Congregations of friars</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Order_of_Saint_Francis&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Congregations of friars"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It was not until the fifteenth century that there developed single, well-ordered religious communities with solemn vows and a common head. In the fifteenth century there were numerous independent male congregations of regular tertiaries with the three vows in Italy, Sicily, Dalmatia, Spain, Portugal, France, Germany, and in the Netherlands. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Obregonians" class="mw-redirect" title="Obregonians">Obregonians</a>, or the "Minim Congregation of Poor Brothers Infirmarians", were a small Spanish Roman Catholic congregation of men dedicated to the nursing care of the sick. The congregation ceased to exist around the time of the <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Peninsular War</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Germany">Germany</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Order_of_Saint_Francis&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Congregation of the <a href="/wiki/Brothers_of_the_Poor_of_St._Francis" class="mw-redirect" title="Brothers of the Poor of St. Francis">Brothers of the Poor of St. Francis</a> was founded on December 25, 1857, at <a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a> by John Hoever for the protection and education of poor, homeless boys. In 1866, it was introduced into the United States. Through the generosity of <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Peter" title="Sarah Peter">Sarah Worthington Peter</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Oliger_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oliger-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> orphanages for boys were established in <a href="/wiki/Teutopolis,_Illinois" title="Teutopolis, Illinois">Teutopolis, Illinois</a>; <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michigan" title="Michigan">Michigan</a>; <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati,_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Cincinnati, Ohio">Cincinnati, Ohio</a> (1868) and <a href="/wiki/Cold_Spring,_Kentucky" title="Cold Spring, Kentucky">Cold Spring, Kentucky</a> (1869). The orders motherhouse remains in Aachen and maintains houses in Brazil, Holland, and the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-cfp_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cfp-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Franciscan_Brothers_of_the_Holy_Cross" title="Franciscan Brothers of the Holy Cross">Franciscan Brothers of the Holy Cross</a> (FFSC) were founded by Brother <a href="/wiki/James_Wirth" title="James Wirth">James Wirth</a> in 1862 in <a href="/wiki/Hausen_(Wied)" title="Hausen (Wied)">Hausen</a>, Germany, to care for orphans, the poor, the sick, and the suffering. In 1891, three Brothers settled in <a href="/wiki/Bad_Kreuznach" title="Bad Kreuznach">Bad Kreuznach</a>, where they eventually took over a local hospital, now known as St. Marienwörth. The Brothers were invited to come to the Diocese of <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Illinois" title="Springfield, Illinois">Springfield, Illinois</a> in 1928 to establish a Monastery and a Trade School. St. Joseph's motherhouse is in Hausen.<sup id="cite_ref-FFSC_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FFSC-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Poland">Poland</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Order_of_Saint_Francis&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Poland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Founded in Poland in 1888, the Franciscan Missionary Brothers of the Sacred Heart of Jesus focuses on medical care. They established a long-term medical care facility near <a href="/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis, Missouri">St. Louis, Missouri</a> in 1927 to extend their service.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2002, the brothers numbered 22.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Spain">Spain</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Order_of_Saint_Francis&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Spain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Capuchin Tertiary Friars of Our Lady of Sorrows, more commonly as the <a href="/wiki/Amigonian_Friars" title="Amigonian Friars">Amigonian Friars</a>, were founded in Spain in 1889 by <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor_Capuchin" title="Order of Friars Minor Capuchin">Capuchin</a> Friar (later bishop) Luis Amigó y Ferrer. They were established through Amigó's desire to help the young boys he saw caught up in the Spanish <a href="/wiki/Penal_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Penal system">penal system</a>. They soon established reform schools and trade schools to help these boys. In 1986 they took over the administration of two youth facilities in <a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Puerto_Rico" title="San Juan, Puerto Rico">San Juan, Puerto Rico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Ireland">Ireland</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Order_of_Saint_Francis&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Third_Order_Regular_of_St._Francis_of_Penance" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Order Regular of St. Francis of Penance">Third Order Regular of St. Francis of Penance</a></div> <p>In 1835 a Franciscan Monastery was built in Roundstone, County Galway, Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-village_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-village-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1858, Bishop <a href="/wiki/John_Loughlin_(bishop)" title="John Loughlin (bishop)">John Loughlin</a> issued an invitation to the Brothers of the monastery to operate schools for the boys of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Brooklyn" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Brooklyn">Diocese of Brooklyn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Congregations_of_Sisters">Congregations of Sisters</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Order_of_Saint_Francis&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Congregations of Sisters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There were also congregations of <a href="/wiki/Religious_sisters" class="mw-redirect" title="Religious sisters">religious sisters</a> of the Third Order. For instance, the Grey Sisters of the Third Order, serving in hospitals, spread in France and the Netherlands. In 1403, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_of_Reute" title="Elizabeth of Reute">Elizabeth of Reute</a> and several other young women who were Franciscan tertiaries, under the guidance of <a href="/wiki/Konrad_K%C3%BCgelin" title="Konrad Kügelin">Konrad Kügelin</a>, provost of the <a href="/wiki/Canonry" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonry">Canonry</a> of St. Peter in Waldsee, acquired a house in <a href="/wiki/Reute" title="Reute">Reute</a> on the outskirts of Waldsee.<sup id="cite_ref-Mershman_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mershman-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This community was a proto-monastery of the Order, as tertiaries of the mendicant orders had not yet been allowed to profess vows. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Angelina_of_Marsciano" class="mw-redirect" title="Angelina of Marsciano">Angelina of Marsciano</a> is generally credited with the founding of the Third Order Regular for women around 1403, as her religious congregation marked the establishment of the first Franciscan community of women living under the <a href="/wiki/Monastic_rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Monastic rule">Rule</a> of the Third Order Regular authorized by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_V" title="Pope Nicholas V">Pope Nicholas V</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cathen_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cathen-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike the <a href="/wiki/Second_Order_(religious)" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Order (religious)">Second Order</a> of the Franciscan movement, the <a href="/wiki/Poor_Clares" title="Poor Clares">Poor Clare</a> <a href="/wiki/Nun" title="Nun">nuns</a> (who were not an <a href="/wiki/Enclosed_religious_order" class="mw-redirect" title="Enclosed religious order">enclosed religious order</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> lived under the authority of the local <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">bishop</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Diocese" title="Diocese">diocese</a>. </p><p>Whilst Leo X in the reform of the rule had left it free to the congregations to adopt papal enclosures or not, <a href="/wiki/Pius_V" class="mw-redirect" title="Pius V">Pius V</a> (1568) prescribed it to all convents of tertiary sisters with solemn vows. Still, this order was not carried out everywhere. In this regard the custom prevailed that the Friars Minor refused to take the direction of those convents which had only episcopal enclosure. Besides those already mentioned above, we may add the different offshoots of the <a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_St._Elizabeth" class="mw-redirect" title="Sisters of St. Elizabeth">Sisters of St. Elizabeth</a> in Austria, Germany, the Netherlands, and France (there, under the name of Soeurs du Refuge, some of them still exist). The first <a href="/wiki/Ursulines" title="Ursulines">Ursulines</a>, also, founded by St. Angela Merici (1540), belonged to the Third Order. </p><p>The history of the Third Order of St. Francis had a range of organizational models. Some monasteries were established to pursue the purely contemplative life, usually in an urban setting; others communities of women did not embrace the <a href="/wiki/Enclosure" title="Enclosure">enclosure</a>, but considered active works of charity, tending to the poor and sick, as part of their Franciscan <a href="/wiki/Charism" class="mw-redirect" title="Charism">charism</a>. In the nineteenth century many of the new congregations adopted the Rule of the Third Order, but most of them have no connection with the First Order. As to their activities, almost all dedicate themselves to works of charity, either in hospitals, homes, or ateliers; others work in schools, not a few are in foreign missions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Colombia">Colombia</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Order_of_Saint_Francis&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Colombia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <b>Franciscan Missionary Sisters of Mary Help of Sinners</b> was founded in 1888 in Ecuador by <a href="/wiki/Maria_Bernarda_B%C3%BCtler" title="Maria Bernarda Bütler">Maria Bernarda Bütler</a>. In 1895, due to anti-religious sentiment, the congregation relocated to Cartagena, Colombia. They are also active in Brazil and Lichtenstein.</li> <li>The <b><a href="/wiki/Franciscan_Sisters_of_Mary_Immaculate" title="Franciscan Sisters of Mary Immaculate">Franciscan Sisters of Mary Immaculate</a></b> was founded in Colombia in 1893 by Swiss missionary <a href="/wiki/Maria_Josefa_Karolina_Brader" title="Maria Josefa Karolina Brader">Maria Josefa Karolina Brader</a>. Introduced to the United States in 1932, the Sisters combine social service with <a href="/wiki/Perpetual_Adoration" class="mw-redirect" title="Perpetual Adoration">Perpetual Adoration</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Blessed_Sacrament" class="mw-redirect" title="Blessed Sacrament">Blessed Sacrament</a>. They serve in Texas, California and New Mexico. The provincial motherhouse in <a href="/wiki/Amarillo,_Texas" title="Amarillo, Texas">Amarillo, Texas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="France">France</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Order_of_Saint_Francis&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <b>Franciscans Servants of Mary</b> was founded by Marie Virginie Vaslin in 1852. Approved by Louis-Théophile Pallu du Parc, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Blois" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Blois">bishop of Blois</a>, in France, March 25, 1856. It integrated into the Franciscan family and adopted the Rule of the Third Order Regular of St. Francis of Assisi on September 17, 1864. The congregation was elevated to the rank of pontifical right on December 17, 1901.The sisters are active in France, England, Italy, India, Madagascar, and Chad.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The "Franciscan Sisters of <a href="/wiki/Calais" title="Calais">Calais</a>" were founded in 1854. In 1911, Bishop <a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Van_de_Ven" title="Cornelius Van de Ven">Cornelius Van de Ven</a> requested sisters to come and open a hospital in <a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Louisiana" title="Alexandria, Louisiana">Alexandria, Louisiana</a>. Mother Marie de Bethanie Crowley with five companions arrived in central <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a> and established their first foundation, a sanitarium in <a href="/wiki/Pineville,_Louisiana" title="Pineville, Louisiana">Pineville, Louisiana</a>. They went on to found several medical facilities: St. Francis Hospital in <a href="/wiki/Monroe,_Louisiana" title="Monroe, Louisiana">Monroe</a>, Our Lady of Lourdes in <a href="/wiki/Lafayette,_Louisiana" title="Lafayette, Louisiana">Lafayette</a>, Our Lady of the Lake Hospital in <a href="/wiki/Baton_Rouge" class="mw-redirect" title="Baton Rouge">Baton Rouge</a> and St. Elizabeth Hospital in <a href="/wiki/Gonzales,_Louisiana" title="Gonzales, Louisiana">Gonzales</a>. In 1964 they changed their name to the <b>Franciscan Missionaries of Our Lady</b> to reflect their expansion into other areas of the world. The North American provincial motherhouse is in <a href="/wiki/Baton_Rouge" class="mw-redirect" title="Baton Rouge">Baton Rouge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Germany_2">Germany</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Order_of_Saint_Francis&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <b><a href="/wiki/Franciscan_Sisters_of_Dillingen" title="Franciscan Sisters of Dillingen">Franciscan Sisters of Dillingen</a></b> was funded in Bavaria. The sisters are active in Germany, Brazil, Spain, India, and the United States in a variety of ministries.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1845, <a href="/wiki/Frances_Schervier" class="mw-redirect" title="Frances Schervier">Frances Schervier</a> founded at <a href="/wiki/Aachen" title="Aachen">Aachen</a> the <b><a href="/wiki/Poor_Sisters_of_St._Francis" title="Poor Sisters of St. Francis">Poor Sisters of St. Francis</a></b>. In 1868, sisters from Germany came to the United States, establishing medical centers in New York City, New Jersey and Ohio to serve the needs of the large German emigrant communities. In 1959, the American provinces of the Congregation were separated from the German motherhouse to become an independent Congregation under the name <a href="/wiki/Franciscan_Sisters_of_the_Poor" title="Franciscan Sisters of the Poor">Franciscan Sisters of the Poor</a> (SFP), headquartered in Brooklyn, New York.</li> <li>The <b>Hospital Sisters of St. Francis</b> was founded in <a href="/wiki/Telgte" title="Telgte">Telgte</a>, Germany by Father Christoph Bernsmeyer in 1847. The general motherhouse is in <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster">Münster</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They arrived in the United States in 1875 and established <a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Hospital_(Springfield,_Illinois)" title="St. John's Hospital (Springfield, Illinois)">St. John's Hospital (Springfield, Illinois)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <b><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_St._Elizabeth" class="mw-redirect" title="Sisters of St. Elizabeth">Congregation of the Sisters of Saint Elizabeth (CSSE)</a></b> was founded by <a href="/wiki/Maria_Merkert" title="Maria Merkert">Maria Merkert</a> in Prussia in 1850.<sup id="cite_ref-csse_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-csse-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1855 <a href="/wiki/Paul_Joseph_Nardini" title="Paul Joseph Nardini">Paul Joseph Nardini</a> founded the <a href="/wiki/Poor_Franciscan_Sisters_of_the_Holy_Family" title="Poor Franciscan Sisters of the Holy Family">Franciscan Sisters of the Holy Family</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pirmasens" title="Pirmasens">Pirmasens</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vns_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vns-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <b>Franciscan Servants of the Holy Child Jesus</b> were founded in 1855 in Oberzell, Germany, by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antonia_Werr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antonia Werr (page does not exist)">Antonia Werr</a> to minister to the needs of women who were neglected by society; in particular, prisoners, prostitutes and the destitute poor.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Sisters came to the United States in 1929 and established their first foundation on <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Staten Island, New York">Staten Island, New York</a>. Their principal ministries are in social work, health care and teaching. The provincial motherhouse is in <a href="/wiki/Plainfield,_New_Jersey" title="Plainfield, New Jersey">Plainfield, New Jersey</a>.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Olpe_Franziskanerinnen-Mutterhaus_FFSW_PK_5690.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Olpe_Franziskanerinnen-Mutterhaus_FFSW_PK_5690.jpg/220px-Olpe_Franziskanerinnen-Mutterhaus_FFSW_PK_5690.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Olpe_Franziskanerinnen-Mutterhaus_FFSW_PK_5690.jpg/330px-Olpe_Franziskanerinnen-Mutterhaus_FFSW_PK_5690.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Olpe_Franziskanerinnen-Mutterhaus_FFSW_PK_5690.jpg/440px-Olpe_Franziskanerinnen-Mutterhaus_FFSW_PK_5690.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6368" data-file-height="4251" /></a><figcaption>Olpe Franziskanerinnen-Mutterhaus</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The <b><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_St._Francis_of_Perpetual_Adoration" title="Sisters of St. Francis of Perpetual Adoration">Sisters of St. Francis of Perpetual Adoration</a></b> was originally founded in <a href="/wiki/Olpe,_Germany" title="Olpe, Germany">Olpe, Germany</a> in 1863 by <a href="/wiki/Maria_Theresia_Bonzel" title="Maria Theresia Bonzel">Maria Theresia Bonzel</a> as the "Poor Sisters of St. Francis Seraph of the Perpetual Adoration". Introduced into the United States in 1875, St. Joseph Province is based at Mt. St. Francis in <a href="/wiki/Colorado_Springs,_Colorado" title="Colorado Springs, Colorado">Colorado Springs, Colorado</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <b><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_St._Francis_of_the_Martyr_St._George" title="Sisters of St. Francis of the Martyr St. George">Sisters of St. Francis of the Martyr St. George</a></b> was founded in 1869 in <a href="/wiki/Thuine" title="Thuine">Thuine</a>, Germany. St. Elizabeth Province in the United States began in 1923 when five sisters were sent at the request of Father Dunne, of <a href="/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis, Missouri">St. Louis, Missouri</a>, then a center of German immigration. The Sisters moved to Alton, where they established Saint Anthony's Infirmary, a residence for the elderly. As of 2010, there are over 100 Sisters in the United States (the total congregation numbers more than 1,600). They operate facilities for elderly care for both the general public and also with special facilities for the clergy, as well as child care and education. The provincial motherhouse is in <a href="/wiki/Alton,_Illinois" title="Alton, Illinois">Alton, Illinois</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="India">India</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Order_of_Saint_Francis&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: India"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b><a href="/wiki/Franciscan_Missionaries_of_Mary" title="Franciscan Missionaries of Mary">Franciscan Missionaries of Mary</a></b> was founded in 1877 in <a href="/wiki/Ooty" title="Ooty">Ootacamund</a>, India, by <a href="/wiki/Mary_of_the_Passion" title="Mary of the Passion">Hélène de Chappotin de Neuville</a>. As of 2016, there are almost 8,300 sisters in 75 countries, including Canada, England, Scotland, and the United States. In the U.S. they sponsor the Cardinal Hayes Home in <a href="/wiki/Millbrook,_New_York" title="Millbrook, New York">Millbrook, New York</a>, for developmentally challenged individuals.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Ireland_2">Ireland</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Order_of_Saint_Francis&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>Franciscan Missionary Sisters for Africa</b> was founded in 1952 by <a href="/wiki/Teresa_Kearney" title="Teresa Kearney">Mary Kevin of the Sacred Passion</a> (born Theresa Kearney, <a href="/wiki/County_Wicklow" title="County Wicklow">County Wicklow</a>, Ireland). It was intended as an offshoot from the <a href="/wiki/Mill_Hill_Missionaries" title="Mill Hill Missionaries">Mill Hill Sisters</a>, with the purpose of focusing on the African missions. The sisters work in Uganda, Kenya, Zambia, Zimbabwe, South Sudan, America, Ireland and Scotland. A convent was established in <a href="/wiki/Boston,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston, Massachusetts">Boston, Massachusetts</a>, in 1952, with an American novitiate being opened in 1954. The Generalate is in Dublin, Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Italy">Italy</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Order_of_Saint_Francis&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Italy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <b><a href="/wiki/Tertiary_Sisters_of_St._Francis" title="Tertiary Sisters of St. Francis">Tertiary Sisters of St. Francis</a></b> was founded by <a href="/wiki/Maria_Hueber" title="Maria Hueber">Maria Hueber</a> in 1700 in Blixen in the Tyrol. Over 480 sisters work in education, nursing, elder care, and orphanages in Italy, Austria, Bolivia, and Cameroon.<sup id="cite_ref-suore_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-suore-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <b>Franciscan Sisters, Daughters of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary</b> were founded in <a href="/wiki/Olpe,_Germany" title="Olpe, Germany">Olpe, Germany</a>, in 1860 by Mother Clara Pfaender to care for the sick poor. They came to the United States in 1872 in response to a request for medical care for the German immigrant community of <a href="/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis, Missouri">St. Louis, Missouri</a>. Five Sisters were sent in 1875 to add to the fledgling mission, but all perished in a much-noted shipwreck commemorated by <a href="/wiki/Gerard_Manley_Hopkins" title="Gerard Manley Hopkins">Gerard Manley Hopkins</a> in the poem "<a href="/wiki/The_Wreck_of_the_Deutschland" title="The Wreck of the Deutschland">The Wreck of the Deutschland</a>". The sisters established hospitals, schools, orphanages and other fields of ministry. They sponsor <a href="/wiki/Wheaton_Franciscan_Healthcare" title="Wheaton Franciscan Healthcare">Wheaton Franciscan Healthcare</a>. The international congregational office is in Rome. The American provincial motherhouse is in <a href="/wiki/Wheaton,_Illinois" title="Wheaton, Illinois">Wheaton, Illinois</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The Congregation of the <b>Franciscan Missionary Sisters of the Sacred Heart (FMSC)</b> was founded in 1861 in <a href="/wiki/Gemona_del_Friuli" title="Gemona del Friuli">Gemona del Friuli</a>, Udine, Italy, by Gregory Fioravanti, inspired by and with the collaboration of Lady Laura Laroux, Duchess of <a href="/wiki/Bauffremont" title="Bauffremont">Bauffremont</a>. In 1865, at the request of the Franciscan Fathers, three Sisters came to the parish of St. Francis of Assisi in New York City to serve the immigrants, orphans, and poor. As of 2022, there was 560 professed sisters in twenty-one countries. The General House is in Rome.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The general motherhouse of the <b><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_the_Sorrowful_Mother" title="Sisters of the Sorrowful Mother">Sisters of the Sorrowful Mother</a></b> is in Rome, Italy. It was founded in 1883 by inspiration of the founder of the <a href="/wiki/Salvatorians" title="Salvatorians">Salvatorians</a>, and became independent in 1885. They came to the United States at the invitation of the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Wichita" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Wichita">Bishop of Wichita</a>, Kansas, in 1889, and within two years had opened four hospitals and an orphanage, as well as teaching in parish schools. Today the Sisters of the Sorrowful Mother serve in Italy, Austria, Brazil, the Dominican Republic, Germany, the United States, Grenada, St. Lucia, Tanzania, and Trinidad and Tobago.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Netherlands">Netherlands</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Order_of_Saint_Francis&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Netherlands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_St._Francis_of_Penance_and_Christian_Charity" title="Sisters of St. Francis of Penance and Christian Charity">Sisters of St. Francis of Penance and Christian Charity</a></b> is an international congregation founded in 1835 in <a href="/wiki/Heythuysen" title="Heythuysen">Heythuysen</a>, Netherlands, by Catherine Damen (Mother Magdalen) to care for neglected children. The Sisters from the German province arrived in New York City in 1874 at the request of the German Jesuits of St. Michael's parish in <a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo, New York</a>, where there was a great need for German-speaking sisters to teach the young of the expanding German population on Buffalo's east side. In 1939, the North American province was divided into three separate provinces. Since 1992, the three U.S. provinces have sponsored a mission in Palenque, Chiapas, Mexico.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Philippines">Philippines</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Order_of_Saint_Francis&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Philippines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b><a href="/wiki/Franciscan_Apostolic_Sisters" title="Franciscan Apostolic Sisters">Franciscan Apostolic Sisters</a></b> were founded in 1953 by Gerardo Filipetto to assist the missionary Franciscan friars in their work of spreading the <a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospel</a> and caring for the poor and the sick. They established a community in the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Lincoln" title="Diocese of Lincoln">Diocese of Lincoln</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a>, in 1992, and later in Illinois and Rhode Island. The motherhouse is in <a href="/wiki/Cagayan" title="Cagayan">Cagayan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Poland_2">Poland</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Order_of_Saint_Francis&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Poland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_St._Elizabeth" class="mw-redirect" title="Sisters of St. Elizabeth">Congregation of the Sisters of Saint Elizabeth (CSSE)</a> was founded by Bl. <a href="/wiki/Maria_Merkert" title="Maria Merkert">Maria Merkert</a> in Prussian Silesia in 1850.<sup id="cite_ref-csse_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-csse-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Felician_Sisters" title="Felician Sisters">Congregation of Sisters of St. Felix of Cantalice Third Order Regular of St. Francis of Assisi (CSSF)</a> with general motherhouse in <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a>, Poland. It was founded in 1855 by <a href="/wiki/Angela_Truszkowska" title="Angela Truszkowska">Sophia Truszkowska</a> in Warsaw, then within the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a> but now Poland. There are 1800 sisters, 700 of whom serve in the North American Province. Other Provinces are based in Kraków, <a href="/wiki/Przemy%C5%9Bl" title="Przemyśl">Przemyśl</a>, Warsaw, and <a href="/wiki/Curitiba" title="Curitiba">Curitiba</a>, Brazil.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Introduced in the United States in 1874 in Livonia, Michigan (1874), Buffalo, New York (1900), Chicago, Illinois (1910), Lodi, New Jersey (1913), Coraopolis, Pennsylvania (1920), Enfield, Connecticut (1932), and Rio Rancho, New Mexico (1953). These locations amalgamated to form the new Province of Our Lady of Hope based in <a href="/wiki/Beaver_Falls,_Pennsylvania" title="Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania">Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania</a>. This province has 700 professed sisters who serve from Canada's Northwest Territories to Haiti. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Portugal">Portugal</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Order_of_Saint_Francis&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Portugal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Congregation of the <b><a href="/wiki/Franciscan_Hospitaller_Sisters_of_the_Immaculate_Conception" title="Franciscan Hospitaller Sisters of the Immaculate Conception">Franciscan Hospitaller Sisters of the Immaculate Conception</a></b> was founded in Lisbon, Portugal, in 1871 by Libânia do Carmo Galvão Mexia de Moura Telles e Albuquerque (Sr. Maria Clara), and is represented in fifteen countries. They came to the United States in 1960 in order to aid Portuguese immigrants. They serve in the state of California in the dioceses of San Jose, Fresno, and Monterey. The majority of the California sisters now are involved in healthcare. The Motherhouse is in Lisbon.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Switzerland">Switzerland</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Order_of_Saint_Francis&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Switzerland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>Sisters of Mercy of the Holy Cross</b> were founded in Switzerland in 1856 by <a href="/wiki/Capuchin_friar" class="mw-redirect" title="Capuchin friar">Capuchin friar</a> <a href="/wiki/Theodosius_Florentini" title="Theodosius Florentini">Theodosius Florentini</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maria_Katherina_Scherer" title="Maria Katherina Scherer">Maria Katherina Scherer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A congregation that specialized in healthcare, they came to the United States in 1912. In 1923 they were invited to Merrill, Wisconsin. The sisters work primarily in Wisconsin and Louisiana. The general motherhouse is in <a href="/wiki/Ingenbohl" title="Ingenbohl">Ingenbohl</a>, Switzerland. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Uganda">Uganda</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Order_of_Saint_Francis&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Uganda"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <b>Little Sisters of St. Francis</b> was founded in 1923 by <a href="/wiki/Mill_Hill_Missionaries" title="Mill Hill Missionaries">Mill Hill Sister</a> <a href="/wiki/Teresa_Kearney" title="Teresa Kearney">Mary Kevin Kearney</a>. They work in Uganda, Kenya, and Zambia. The motherhouse is in <a href="/wiki/Nkokonjeru" title="Nkokonjeru">Nkokonjeru</a>, where they manage <a href="/wiki/St._Francis_Hospital_Nkokonjeru" title="St. Francis Hospital Nkokonjeru">St. Francis Hospital Nkokonjeru</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Order_of_Saint_Francis&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <b>Franciscan Missionary Sisters of Little Hampton (FMSL)</b> is a diocesan congregation founded in 1911 by Mary Patrick Brennan. Besides missions in Peru and India, the sisters operate two residential care homes in West Sussex, and a house of hospitality in Knock, Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <b>Franciscan Sisters of the Immaculate Conception</b> (more commonly known as the <b>Franciscan Sisters of Glasgow</b>) were founded in Glasgow in 1847 by Sisters Adelaide Vaast and Veronica Cordier from the Franciscan Monastery of Our Lady of the Angels, in Tourcoing, France. It was organized in response to a request from Peter Forbes for sisters to teach the poor children of the parishes. Besides their work in education, the sisters are involved in parish ministry, social work, and health care in Scotland, England, Ireland, the U.S., Rome, Nigeria, and Kenya.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1865, <a href="/wiki/Pamfilo_of_Magliano" title="Pamfilo of Magliano">Pamfilo of Magliano</a> adapted their rule for the then recently established <a href="/wiki/Franciscan_Sisters_of_Allegany" title="Franciscan Sisters of Allegany">Franciscan Sisters of Allegany</a>,</li> <li>The <b><a href="/wiki/Sisters_of_the_Holy_Cross_Menzingen" title="Sisters of the Holy Cross Menzingen">Sisters of the Holy Cross Menzingen</a></b> is a Swiss Foundation established in 1844 by Capuchin <a href="/wiki/Theodosius_Florentini" title="Theodosius Florentini">Theodosius Florentini</a> and Maria Heimgartner (Mother Bernarda). In 1902, the sisters came to England where they opened a school in Wimbledon. They operate Holy Cross Preparatory School for girls in Kingston, but have also expanded their ministry beyond education. The provincial house is in New Malden.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>The Franciscan Sisters of the Immaculate Conception and St Francis</b> was founded by Mary Elizabeth Lockhart in Greenwich, London, in 1852. In 1857, the community moved to Bayswater, and in 1896 to <a href="/wiki/Bocking,_Essex" title="Bocking, Essex">Bocking, Essex</a>, where they operated a day school, an orphanage, and later a nursing home. In 1965, the congregation amalgamated with the <b>Missionary Franciscan Sisters of the Immaculate Conception</b>, founded by Elizabeth Hayes (1823-1894) who was later known as Mother Mary Ignatius of Jesus. The motherhouse was transferred to Rome.</li> <li>The <b>Franciscan Missionary Sisters of St. Joseph (F.M.S.J.)</b> were founded in 1883 by <a href="/wiki/Alice_Ingham" title="Alice Ingham">Alice Ingham</a> and companions. With the motherhouse at Mill Hill, London, they more commonly known as the <b>Mill Hill Sisters</b>. In the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Salford" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Salford">Diocese of Salford</a>, they serve in various ministries including Caritas and the Cornerstone Day Center. The sisters also serve in Kenya, Uganda, The Netherlands, Ireland, Ecuador, and the U.S. The congregation was introduced into the U.S. in 1952.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Franciscan_Missionaries_of_the_Divine_Motherhood" title="Franciscan Missionaries of the Divine Motherhood">Franciscan Missionaries of the Divine Motherhood</a> (FMDM) were founded in 1884 in Hampstead, London, by three members of the Third Order, and began caring for orphans in Aldershot. The international congregation has about 300 members. The motherhouse is at Ladywell in Surrey.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lutheranism">Lutheranism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Order_of_Saint_Francis&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Lutheranism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Franciscan_spirituality_in_Protestantism#Lutheran_third_orders" title="Franciscan spirituality in Protestantism">Franciscan spirituality in Protestantism § Lutheran third orders</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lutheran_Franciscan_Tertiaries">Lutheran Franciscan Tertiaries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Order_of_Saint_Francis&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Lutheran Franciscan Tertiaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Germany, the Lutheran Franciscan Tertiaries, officially known as the Evangelische Franziskanerbruderschaft der Nachfolge Christi, were founded in 1927; the emphasize the <a href="/wiki/Rule_of_Saint_Francis" title="Rule of Saint Francis">Rule of Saint Francis</a> and pray daily from their <a href="/wiki/Breviary" title="Breviary">breviary</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Brunn2015_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brunn2015-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Anglicanism">Anglicanism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Order_of_Saint_Francis&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Anglicanism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Franciscan_spirituality_in_Protestantism#Anglican_Communion" title="Franciscan spirituality in Protestantism">Franciscan spirituality in Protestantism § Anglican Communion</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Franciscan_orders_in_the_Anglican_Communion" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscan orders in the Anglican Communion">Franciscan orders in the Anglican Communion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Saint_Francis" title="Society of Saint Francis">Society of Saint Francis</a></div> 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Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Raffaele Pazzelli. <i>St. Francis and the Third Order: The Franciscan and pre-Franciscan Penitential Movement</i>, Franciscan Institute Publications, 1989; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8199-0953-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8199-0953-4">978-0-8199-0953-4</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Order_of_Saint_Francis&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-sbfranciscans.org-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sbfranciscans.org_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sbfranciscans.org_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sbfranciscans.org_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sbfranciscans.org/get-involved/be-a-secular-franciscan/">"Third Order Secular/ Secular Franciscans (OFS)", Franciscan Friars, Province of Saint Barbara</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120905154122/http://capuchins.org/francfamily.html">"Franciscan Family", Capuchin Franciscans, Province of St. Conrad</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brunn2015-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brunn2015_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brunn2015_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrunn2015" class="citation book cs1">Brunn, Stanley D. (3 February 2015). <i>The Changing World Religion Map: Sacred Places, Identities, Practices and Politics</i>. Springer. p. 602. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-94-017-9376-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-94-017-9376-6"><bdi>978-94-017-9376-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Changing+World+Religion+Map%3A+Sacred+Places%2C+Identities%2C+Practices+and+Politics&rft.pages=602&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2015-02-03&rft.isbn=978-94-017-9376-6&rft.aulast=Brunn&rft.aufirst=Stanley+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+Order+of+Saint+Francis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14520b.htm">Heckmann, Ferdinand. "Tertiaries." The Catholic Encyclopedia</a> Vol. 14. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 13 June 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Baber-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Baber_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Baber_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Baber_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Baber_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Baber_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Baber_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaber1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Baber, Edward Cresswell (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Tertiaries" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Tertiaries">Tertiaries</a>". In <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 660–661.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tertiaries&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=660-661&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Baber&rft.aufirst=Edward+Cresswell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+Order+of+Saint+Francis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jarrett-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jarrett_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jarrett_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jarrett_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jarrett_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14637b.htm">Jarrett, Bede, Ferdinand Heckmann, Benedict Zimmerman, Livarius Oliger, Odoric Jouve, Lawrence Hess, and John Doyle. "Third Orders." The Catholic Encyclopedia</a> Vol. 14. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912.<span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Public Domain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/12px-PD-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/18px-PD-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/PD-icon.svg/24px-PD-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="196" /></span></span> This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Giewald2011-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Giewald2011_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiewald2011" class="citation book cs1">Giewald, Arne (2011). <i>The Lutheran High Church Movement in Germany and its liturgical work: an introduction</i>. Lulu.com. p. 20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4709-7378-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4709-7378-0"><bdi>978-1-4709-7378-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lutheran+High+Church+Movement+in+Germany+and+its+liturgical+work%3A+an+introduction&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=Lulu.com&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4709-7378-0&rft.aulast=Giewald&rft.aufirst=Arne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+Order+of+Saint+Francis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Seraphicus-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Seraphicus_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPope_Paul_VI" class="citation web cs1">Pope Paul VI. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vatican.va/holy_father/paul_vi/apost_letters/documents/hf_p-vi_apl_19780624_seraphicus-patriarcha_lt.html">"Seraphicus Patriarcha (in Latin)"</a>. The Vatican<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 June</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Seraphicus+Patriarcha+%28in+Latin%29&rft.pub=The+Vatican&rft.au=Pope+Paul+VI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vatican.va%2Fholy_father%2Fpaul_vi%2Fapost_letters%2Fdocuments%2Fhf_p-vi_apl_19780624_seraphicus-patriarcha_lt.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+Order+of+Saint+Francis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TLAFL-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-TLAFL_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeonard_Foley_O.F.M.Jovian_Weigel_O.F.M.Patti_Normile_S.F.O.2000" class="citation book cs1">Leonard Foley O.F.M.; Jovian Weigel O.F.M.; Patti Normile S.F.O. (2000). <i>o Live As Francis Lived: A Guide for Secular Franciscans (The Path of Franciscan Spirituality)</i>. Cincinnati, Ohio: St. Anthony Messenger Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86716-396-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-86716-396-8"><bdi>0-86716-396-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=o+Live+As+Francis+Lived%3A+A+Guide+for+Secular+Franciscans+%28The+Path+of+Franciscan+Spirituality%29&rft.place=Cincinnati%2C+Ohio&rft.pub=St.+Anthony+Messenger+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-86716-396-8&rft.au=Leonard+Foley+O.F.M.&rft.au=Jovian+Weigel+O.F.M.&rft.au=Patti+Normile+S.F.O.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+Order+of+Saint+Francis" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oliger-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oliger_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12248b.htm">Oliger, Livarius. "Poor Brothers of St. Francis Seraphicus." The Catholic Encyclopedia</a> Vol. 12. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911. 18 June 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cfp-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-cfp_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brothersofthepoorofsaintfrancis.org/history.html">"History", Congregation of the Brothers of the Poor of Saint Francis</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FFSC-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FFSC_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.franciscanbrothers.net/index.cfm?pID=1990">Franciscan Brothers of the Holy Cross "Our Founder"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.franciscancaring.org/index.html">Franciscan Missionary Brothers of the Sacred Heart of Jesus</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emissourian.com/a-brother-s-work-is-never-done/article_d03b781c-9406-5119-99e8-03b7236c09ee.html">Cernich, Karen. "A Brothers Work is Never Done", eMissourian.com, Oct 1, 2002</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amigonianos.org/index.php?option=com_contact&view=contact&id=59%3Acasa-de-ninos-manuel-fernandez-juncos-&catid=12%3Aprovincia-de-qel-buen-pastorq-relig-amigonianos&Itemid=6">"Casa de Niños Manuel Fernández Juncos"</a>. Amigonianos.org. 24 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(1913). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Third_Orders" class="extiw" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Third Orders">Third Orders</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Third+Orders&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThird+Order+of+Saint+Francis" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Third_Order_of_Saint_Francis&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.franfed.org/">Franciscan Federation</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:Franciscans" title="Template:Franciscans"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Franciscans" title="Template talk:Franciscans"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Franciscans" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Franciscans"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Franciscans" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Franciscans" title="Franciscans"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Franciscans</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background: #A0522D; color: white;"><div>Organisations founded or inspired by <a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi"><b><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Saint Francis</span></b></a> (1181–1226)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #A0522D; color: white;;width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_Saint_Francis" title="Rule of Saint Francis">Rule of Saint Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_of_Assisi" title="Clare of Assisi">Rule of Saint Clare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tau_cross" title="Tau cross">Tau Cross</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Franciscan_Crown" title="Franciscan Crown">Franciscan Crown</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custos_(Franciscans)" title="Custos (Franciscans)">Custos</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Custody_of_the_Holy_Land" title="Custody of the Holy Land">Custodian of the Holy Land</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_General_(Franciscan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister General (Franciscan)">Minister General</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ministers_general_of_the_Order_of_Friars_Minor" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ministers general of the Order of Friars Minor">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_Saint_Francis_of_Assisi" title="Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi">Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assisi" title="Assisi">Assisi</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mount_of_piety" title="Mount of piety">Monte di Pietá</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscan_missions_to_the_Maya" title="Franciscan missions to the Maya">Franciscan missions to the Maya</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Studium_Biblicum_Franciscanum" title="Studium Biblicum Franciscanum">Studium Biblicum Franciscanum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscans_International" title="Franciscans International">Franciscans International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscan_spirituality_in_Protestantism" title="Franciscan spirituality in Protestantism">Franciscan spirituality in Protestantism</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding:0.8em 0.9em 3em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FrancescoCoA_PioM.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="PioM"><img alt="PioM" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/FrancescoCoA_PioM.svg/80px-FrancescoCoA_PioM.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/FrancescoCoA_PioM.svg/120px-FrancescoCoA_PioM.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/FrancescoCoA_PioM.svg/160px-FrancescoCoA_PioM.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1917" data-file-height="1172" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #A0522D; color: white;;width:1%">Orders<br />and groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor" title="Order of Friars Minor">Order of Friars Minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor_Conventual" title="Order of Friars Minor Conventual">Order of Friars Minor Conventual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor_Capuchin" title="Order of Friars Minor Capuchin">Order of Friars Minor Capuchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscan_Friars_of_the_Immaculate" title="Franciscan Friars of the Immaculate">Franciscan Friars of the Immaculate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscan_Friars_of_the_Renewal" title="Franciscan Friars of the Renewal">Franciscan Friars of the Renewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poor_Clares" title="Poor Clares">Poor Clares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capuchin_Poor_Clares" title="Capuchin Poor Clares">Capuchin Poor Clares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colettine_Poor_Clares" title="Colettine Poor Clares">Colettine Poor Clares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptionists" title="Conceptionists">Conceptionists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_Franciscan_Order" title="Secular Franciscan Order">Secular Franciscan Order</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Third Order of Saint Francis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brothers_and_Sisters_of_Penance_of_Saint_Francis" title="Brothers and Sisters of Penance of Saint Francis">Brothers and Sisters of Penance of Saint Francis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minims_(religious_order)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minims (religious order)">Order of Minims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militia_Immaculatae" title="Militia Immaculatae">Militia Immaculatae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscan_Minims_of_the_Perpetual_Help_of_Mary" title="Franciscan Minims of the Perpetual Help of Mary">Franciscan Minims of the Perpetual Help of Mary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #A0522D; color: white;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Popes</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_IX" title="Pope Gregory IX">Gregory IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_X" title="Pope Gregory X">Gregory X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_IV" title="Pope Nicholas IV">Nicholas IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_IV" title="Pope Sixtus IV">Sixtus IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Julius_II" title="Pope Julius II">Julius II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_V" title="Pope Sixtus V">Sixtus V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Clement_XIV" title="Pope Clement XIV">Clement XIV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_X" title="Pope Pius X">Pius X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">John XXIII</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background: #A0522D; color: white;"><div> <ul><li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Franciscans" title="Category:Franciscans"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Category</span></a></b></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Francis_of_Assisi" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Francis_of_Assisi" title="Template:Francis of Assisi"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Francis_of_Assisi" title="Template talk:Francis of Assisi"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Francis_of_Assisi" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Francis of Assisi"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Francis_of_Assisi" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Franciscans" title="Franciscans">Organisations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor" title="Order of Friars Minor">Order of Friars Minor</a> (<a href="/wiki/Custody_of_the_Holy_Land" title="Custody of the Holy Land">Custody of the Holy Land</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poor_Clares" title="Poor Clares">Order of Saint Clare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_Franciscan_Order" title="Secular Franciscan Order">Secular Franciscan Order</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Third Order of Saint Francis</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:StFrancis_part.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/StFrancis_part.jpg/120px-StFrancis_part.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/StFrancis_part.jpg/180px-StFrancis_part.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/StFrancis_part.jpg/240px-StFrancis_part.jpg 2x" data-file-width="735" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Works by Francis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canticle_of_the_Sun" title="Canticle of the Sun">Canticle of the Sun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Created</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sanctuary_of_Greccio" title="Sanctuary of Greccio">Sanctuary of Greccio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativity_scene" title="Nativity scene">Nativity scene (live)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Honors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feast_of_Saints_Francis_and_Catherine" title="Feast of Saints Francis and Catherine">Feast of Saints Francis and Catherine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Animal_Day" title="World Animal Day">World Animal Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Literature about</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Little_Flowers_of_St._Francis" title="Little Flowers of St. Francis">Little Flowers of St. Francis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Visual art</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nativity_with_Saint_Francis_and_Saint_Lawrence" title="Nativity with Saint Francis and Saint Lawrence">Nativity with Saint Francis and Saint Lawrence</a></i> (Caravaggio)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Francis_in_Meditation_(Caravaggio)" title="Saint Francis in Meditation (Caravaggio)">Saint Francis in Meditation</a></i> (Caravaggio)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Francis_in_Prayer_(Caravaggio)" title="Saint Francis in Prayer (Caravaggio)">Saint Francis in Prayer</a></i> (Caravaggio)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Francis_of_Assisi_in_Ecstasy_(Caravaggio)" title="Saint Francis of Assisi in Ecstasy (Caravaggio)">Saint Francis of Assisi in Ecstasy</a></i> (Caravaggio)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Francis_Receiving_the_Stigmata_(Giotto)" title="Saint Francis Receiving the Stigmata (Giotto)">Saint Francis Receiving the Stigmata</a></i> (Giotto)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Francisco_(Nuno_Gon%C3%A7alves)" title="São Francisco (Nuno Gonçalves)">São Francisco</a></i> (Gonçalves)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/St_Francis_(Francisco_de_Zurbar%C3%A1n)" title="St Francis (Francisco de Zurbarán)">St Francis</a></i> (Zurbarán)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Francis_Receiving_the_Stigmata_(van_Eyck)" title="Saint Francis Receiving the Stigmata (van Eyck)">Saint Francis Receiving the Stigmata</a></i> (van Eyck)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/St._Francis_in_Ecstasy_(Bellini)" title="St. Francis in Ecstasy (Bellini)">St. Francis in Ecstasy</a></i> (Bellini)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Francis_of_Assisi_in_Ecstasy_(El_Greco,_1600)" title="Saint Francis of Assisi in Ecstasy (El Greco, 1600)">Saint Francis of Assisi in Ecstasy</a></i> (studio of El Greco)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/St._Francis_in_Ecstasy_(Zurbar%C3%A1n)" title="St. Francis in Ecstasy (Zurbarán)">St. Francis in Ecstasy</a></i> (Zurbarán)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/All_Creatures_of_Our_God_and_King" title="All Creatures of Our God and King">All Creatures of Our God and King</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Canticle_of_the_Sun_(Sowerby)" title="The Canticle of the Sun (Sowerby)">The Canticle of the Sun</a></i> (Sowerby)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Le_Laudi" title="Le Laudi">Le Laudi</a></i> (Suter oratorio)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deux_l%C3%A9gendes_(Liszt)" title="Deux légendes (Liszt)"><i>Légende No. 1</i> (Liszt)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laudato_si%27_(oratorio)" title="Laudato si' (oratorio)">Laudato si'</a></i> (Reulein oratorio)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quatre_petites_pri%C3%A8res_de_saint_Fran%C3%A7ois_d%27Assise" title="Quatre petites prières de saint François d'Assise">Quatre petites prières de saint François d'Assise</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Stage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nobilissima_Visione" title="Nobilissima Visione">Nobilissima Visione</a></i> (1938 ballet)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Fran%C3%A7ois_d%27Assise" title="Saint François d'Assise">Saint François d'Assise</a></i> (1983 Messiaen opera)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Samstag_aus_Licht" title="Samstag aus Licht">Samstag aus Licht</a></i> (1983 Stockhausen opera)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Films</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Frate_Sole" title="Frate Sole">Frate Sole</a></i> (1918)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Flowers_of_St._Francis" title="The Flowers of St. Francis">The Flowers of St. Francis</a></i> (1950)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi_(film)" title="Francis of Assisi (film)">Francis of Assisi</a></i> (1961)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Francesco_di_Assisi" title="Francesco di Assisi">Francesco di Assisi</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brother_Sun,_Sister_Moon" title="Brother Sun, Sister Moon">Brother Sun, Sister Moon</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Francesco_(1989_film)" title="Francesco (1989 film)">Francesco</a></i> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/St._Francis_(film)" title="St. Francis (film)">St. Francis</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Clare_and_Francis" title="Clare and Francis">Clare and Francis</a></i> (2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_named_after_Saint_Francis" title="List of places named after Saint Francis">List of places named after Saint Francis</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Madonna_of_Foligno" title="Madonna of Foligno">Madonna of Foligno</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_of_Gubbio" title="Wolf of Gubbio">Wolf of Gubbio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discalced" title="Discalced">Discalced</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_of_Saint_Francis" title="Prayer of Saint Francis">Prayer of Saint Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Saint_Francis" title="Society of Saint Francis">Society of Saint Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Sermon_of_St._Francis" title="The Sermon of St. Francis">The Sermon of St. Francis</a>" (poem)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pranchiyettan_%26_the_Saint" title="Pranchiyettan & the Saint">Pranchiyettan & the Saint</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Catholic_laity" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_laity" title="Template:Catholic laity"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_laity" title="Template talk:Catholic laity"><abbr title="Discuss this 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ordinariate">Personal ordinariates</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Personal_prelature" title="Personal prelature">prelatures</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Personal_Apostolic_Administration" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal Apostolic Administration">apostolic<br />administrations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_ordinariate" title="Military ordinariate">Military ordinariates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordinariate_for_Eastern_Catholic_faithful" title="Ordinariate for Eastern Catholic faithful">Ordinariate for Eastern Catholic faithful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opus_Dei" title="Opus Dei">Opus Dei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Use" title="Anglican Use">Anglican Use</a>: <a href="/wiki/Personal_Ordinariate_of_the_Chair_of_Saint_Peter" title="Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of Saint Peter">Chair of Saint Peter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Personal_Ordinariate_of_Our_Lady_of_the_Southern_Cross" title="Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of the Southern Cross">Our Lady of the Southern Cross</a>, <a href="/wiki/Personal_Ordinariate_of_Our_Lady_of_Walsingham" title="Personal Ordinariate of Our Lady of Walsingham">Our Lady of Walsingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_Apostolic_Administration_of_Saint_John_Mary_Vianney" title="Personal Apostolic Administration of Saint John Mary Vianney">Saint John Mary Vianney</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/50px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/75px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg/100px-Emblem_of_the_Papacy_SE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="815" data-file-height="1105" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Third_order" title="Third order">Third orders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Augustinian_Recollects" title="Order of Augustinian Recollects">Order of Augustinian Recollects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_order#Third_Order_of_Saint_Augustine" title="Third order">Order of Saint Augustine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblates_of_Saint_Benedict" class="mw-redirect" title="Oblates of Saint Benedict">Oblates of Saint Benedict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_Order_of_Discalced_Carmelites" title="Secular Order of Discalced Carmelites">Secular Order of Discalced Carmelites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Order_of_Saint_Dominic" title="Third Order of Saint Dominic">Order of Saint Dominic</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Order of Saint Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_Franciscan_Order" title="Secular Franciscan Order">Secular Franciscan Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary_of_Mercy" title="Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy">Order of Mercy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Minims" title="Order of Minims">Order of Minims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Order_Secular_of_the_Most_Holy_Trinity" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Order Secular of the Most Holy Trinity">Order Secular of the Most Holy Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premonstratensians" title="Premonstratensians">Order of Saint Norbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lay_Carmelites" title="Lay Carmelites">Order of Our Lady of Mount Carmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Salesian_Cooperators" title="Association of Salesian Cooperators">Association of Salesian Cooperators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servite_Order" title="Servite Order">Order of Servites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Confraternity" title="Confraternity">Confraternities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archconfraternity" title="Archconfraternity">Archconfraternities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archconfraternity_of_the_Holy_Family" title="Archconfraternity of the Holy Family">Archconfraternity of the Holy Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archconfraternity_of_the_Most_Precious_Blood" title="Archconfraternity of the Most Precious Blood">Archconfraternity of the Most Precious Blood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confraternities_of_the_Cord" title="Confraternities of the Cord">Confraternities of the Cord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confraternity_of_penitents" title="Confraternity of penitents">Confraternity of Penitents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flagellant_confraternities" title="Flagellant confraternities">Flagellant confraternities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purgatorial_society" title="Purgatorial society">Purgatorial society</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Individual</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confraternity_of_Christian_Doctrine" title="Confraternity of Christian Doctrine">Confraternity of Christian Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confraternity_of_Catholic_Saints" title="Confraternity of Catholic Saints">Confraternity of Catholic Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confraternity_of_the_Rosary" title="Confraternity of the Rosary">Confraternity of the Rosary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bona_Mors_Confraternity" title="Bona Mors Confraternity">Bona Mors Confraternity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children_of_Mary_of_the_Sacred_Heart" title="Children of Mary of the Sacred Heart">Children of Mary of the Sacred Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospitalit%C3%A9_Notre_Dame_de_Lourdes" title="Hospitalité Notre Dame de Lourdes">Hospitalité Notre Dame de Lourdes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illustrious_Brotherhood_of_Our_Blessed_Lady" title="Illustrious Brotherhood of Our Blessed Lady">Illustrious Brotherhood of Our Blessed Lady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penitentes_(New_Mexico)" title="Penitentes (New Mexico)">Penitentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penitential_Brotherhood_of_the_Holy_Eucharist" title="Penitential Brotherhood of the Holy Eucharist">Penitential Brotherhood of the Holy Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_Holy_Name" title="Society of the Holy Name">Society of the Holy Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venerabile_Arciconfraternita_della_Misericordia_di_Firenze" title="Venerabile Arciconfraternita della Misericordia di Firenze">Ven. Arc. Misericordia di Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_and_Venerable_Confraternity_of_the_Most_Blessed_Sacrament_of_Mafra" title="Royal and Venerable Confraternity of the Most Blessed Sacrament of Mafra">RVISSM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Directory_of_International_Associations_of_the_Faithful" title="Directory of International Associations of the Faithful">International<br />associations<br />of the faithful</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catenian_Association" title="Catenian Association">Catenian Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemin_Neuf_Community" title="Chemin Neuf Community">Chemin Neuf Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Life_Community" title="Christian Life Community">Christian Life Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Life_Movement" title="Christian Life Movement">Christian Life Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperators_of_Opus_Dei" class="mw-redirect" title="Cooperators of Opus Dei">Cooperators of Opus Dei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Couples_for_Christ" title="Couples for Christ">Couples for Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cursillo" title="Cursillo">Cursillo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communion_and_Liberation" title="Communion and Liberation">Communion and Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Community" title="Emmanuel Community">Emmanuel Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fimcap" title="Fimcap">FIMCAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focolare_Movement" title="Focolare Movement">Focolare Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heralds_of_the_Gospel" title="Heralds of the Gospel">Heralds of the Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Alliance_of_Catholic_Knights" title="International Alliance of Catholic Knights">International Alliance of Catholic Knights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Catholic_Conference_of_Scouting" title="International Catholic Conference of Scouting">International Catholic Conference of Scouting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Catholic_Universities" title="International Federation of Catholic Universities">International Federation of Catholic Universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolph_Kolping" title="Adolph Kolping">International Kolping Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Catholic_Esperantists" title="International Union of Catholic Esperantists">International Union of Catholic Esperantists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lay_Claretian_Movement" title="Lay Claretian Movement">Lay Claretian Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Arche" title="L'Arche">L'Arche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Mary" title="Legion of Mary">Legion of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militia_Christi" class="mw-redirect" title="Militia Christi">Militia Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militia_Immaculatae" title="Militia Immaculatae">Militia of the Immaculata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neocatechumenal_Way" title="Neocatechumenal Way">Neocatechumenal Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pax_Romana_(organization)" title="Pax Romana (organization)">Pax Romana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priests_for_Life" title="Priests for Life">Priests for Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnum_Christi" title="Regnum Christi">Regnum Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Sant%27Egidio" title="Community of Sant'Egidio">Sant'Egidio Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SIGNIS" title="SIGNIS">SIGNIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schoenstatt_Apostolic_Movement" title="Schoenstatt Apostolic Movement">Schoenstatt Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teams_of_Our_Lady" title="Teams of Our Lady">Teams of Our Lady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresian_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Teresian Association">Teresian Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Guides_and_Scouts_of_Europe" title="International Union of Guides and Scouts of Europe">UIGSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Catholic_Apostolate" title="Union of Catholic Apostolate">Union of Catholic Apostolate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Association_of_the_Christian_faithful" title="Association of the Christian faithful">Other associations<br />of the faithful</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolate_for_Family_Consecration" title="Apostolate for Family Consecration">Apostolate for Family Consecration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Vatican_Lay_Workers" title="Association of Vatican Lay Workers">Association of Vatican Lay Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Charismatic_Renewal" title="Catholic Charismatic Renewal">Catholic Charismatic Renewal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Can%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Nova" title="Canção Nova">Canção Nova</a>) (<a href="/wiki/Shalom_Catholic_Community" title="Shalom Catholic Community">Shalom Catholic Community</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Christian_Outreach" title="Catholic Christian Outreach">Catholic Christian Outreach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Worker_Movement" title="Catholic Worker Movement">Catholic Worker Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fellowship_of_Catholic_University_Students" title="Fellowship of Catholic University Students">Fellowship of Catholic University Students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madonna_House_Apostolate" title="Madonna House Apostolate">Madonna House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maryknoll_Lay_Missioners" title="Maryknoll Lay Missioners">Maryknoll Lay Missioners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NET_Ministries" title="NET Ministries">NET Ministries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope%27s_Worldwide_Prayer_Network" title="Pope's Worldwide Prayer Network">Pope's Worldwide Prayer Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Angels_Foundation" title="Queen of Angels Foundation">Queen of Angels Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul%27s_Outreach" title="Saint Paul's Outreach">Saint Paul's Outreach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Saint_Vincent_de_Paul" title="Society of Saint Vincent de Paul">Society of Saint Vincent de Paul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Marian_movements_and_societies" title="Catholic Marian movements and societies">Catholic Marian movements and societies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Action" title="Catholic Action">Catholic Action</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azione_Cattolica" title="Azione Cattolica">Azione Cattolica</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Women%27s_League" title="Catholic Women's League">Catholic Women's League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Worker_Movement" title="Catholic Worker Movement">Catholic Worker Movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_Movement_of_Christian_Workers" title="World Movement of Christian Workers">World Movement of Christian Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Christian_Workers" title="Young Christian Workers">Young Christian Workers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Family_Movement" title="Christian Family Movement">Christian Family Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courage_International" title="Courage International">Courage International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Shaddai_(movement)" title="El Shaddai (movement)">El Shaddai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Rosary_Crusade" title="Family Rosary Crusade">Family Rosary Crusade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fidesco_International" title="Fidesco International">Fidesco International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilgrimage_to_Chartres" title="Pilgrimage to Chartres">Notre-Dame de Chrétienté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theology_on_Tap" title="Theology on Tap">Theology on Tap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_of_the_Faithful" title="Voice of the Faithful">Voice of the Faithful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Men%27s_Institute" title="Young Men's Institute">Young Men's Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Are_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="We Are Church">We Are Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_catechesis" title="Catholic catechesis">Catholic catechesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Congress">Catholic Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Extension" title="Catholic Extension">Catholic Extension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_higher_education" title="Catholic higher education">Catholic higher education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_youth_work" title="Catholic youth work">Catholic youth work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_campus_ministry" title="Catholic campus ministry">Catholic campus ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Laity,_Family_and_Life" title="Dicastery for the Laity, Family and Life">Dicastery for the Laity, Family and Life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lay_Centre_at_Foyer_Unitas" title="Lay Centre at Foyer Unitas">Lay Centre at Foyer Unitas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Catholics" title="Lists of Catholics">Lists of Catholics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_Council_for_the_Laity" title="Pontifical Council for the Laity">Pontifical Council for the Laity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiz%C3%A9_Community" title="Taizé Community">Taizé Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_call_to_holiness" title="Universal call to holiness">Universal call to holiness</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Charities" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_charities" title="Catholic charities">Charities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aid_to_the_Church_in_Need" title="Aid to the Church in Need">Aid to the Church in Need</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caritas_Internationalis" title="Caritas Internationalis">Caritas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Charities_USA" title="Catholic Charities USA">Catholic Charities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Home_Missions" title="Catholic Home Missions">Home Missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Near_East_Welfare_Association" title="Catholic Near East Welfare Association">CNEWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Relief_Services" title="Catholic Relief Services">Relief Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIDSE" title="CIDSE">CIDSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pax_Christi" title="Pax Christi">Pax Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Saint_Vincent_de_Paul" title="Society of Saint Vincent de Paul">Society of Saint Vincent de Paul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church" title="Portal:Catholic Church">Catholic Church portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Catholic_Church_articles" title="Index of Catholic Church articles">Index</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Catholic_Church" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist wraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_Church_footer" title="Template:Catholic Church footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_Church_footer" title="Template talk:Catholic Church footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_Church_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic Church footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Catholic_Church" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:gold"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Catholic_Church_articles" title="Index of Catholic Church articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Outline of the Catholic Church">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Glossary of the Catholic Church">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Catholics" title="Lists of Catholics">Lists of Catholics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="History of the Catholic Church">History</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Timeline of the Catholic Church">Timeline</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_history_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church">Ecclesiastical</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Legal_history_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Legal history of the Catholic Church">Legal</a></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Early_Christianity" title="Early Christianity">Early Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Jesus</a> <a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_succession" title="Apostolic succession">Succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primacy_of_Peter" title="Primacy of Peter">Petrine primacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church fathers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Fathers" title="Apostolic Fathers">Apostolic fathers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_papacy" title="History of the papacy">History of the papacy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_papal_primacy" title="History of papal primacy">Primacy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Great_Church" title="Great Church">Great Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_ante-Nicene_period" title="Christianity in the ante-Nicene period">Ante-Nicene period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constantine_the_Great_and_Christianity" title="Constantine the Great and Christianity">Constantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_seven_ecumenical_councils" title="First seven ecumenical councils">First seven ecumenical councils</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Council_of_Nicaea" title="First Council of Nicaea">Nicaea I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Chalcedon" title="Council of Chalcedon">Chalcedon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_late_antiquity" title="Christianity in late antiquity">Late antiquity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biblical_canon" title="Biblical canon">Biblical canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_monasticism" title="Christian monasticism">Monasticism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="Christianity in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Muslim_conquests" title="Early Muslim conquests">Islamic conquests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Pope Gregory I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism" title="East–West Schism">Schism (1054)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investiture_Controversy" title="Investiture Controversy">Investiture Controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Schism" title="Western Schism">Schism (1378)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inquisition" title="Inquisition">Inquisition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_university" title="Medieval university">Universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholasticism" title="Scholasticism">Scholasticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_the_Age_of_Discovery" title="Catholic Church and the Age of Discovery">Age of Discovery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_modern_era" title="Christianity in the modern era">Modern era</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Church and Protestant">Protestantism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reformation" title="Reformation">Protestant Reformation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Reformation" title="Counter-Reformation">Catholic Reformation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Trent" title="Council of Trent">Trent</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dechristianization_of_France_during_the_French_Revolution" title="Dechristianization of France during the French Revolution">French Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Nazi_Germany" title="Catholic Church and Nazi Germany">Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Vatican_Council" title="Second Vatican Council">Vatican II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Holy See–Soviet Union relations">Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_sexual_abuse_cases" title="Catholic Church sexual abuse cases">Sexual abuse scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_Islam" title="Catholic Church and Islam">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_Catholic_Church" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Catholic Church">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology" title="Catholic theology">Theology</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Bible" title="Catholic Bible">Bible</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Catholic_tradition" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic tradition">Tradition</a><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Catechism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Catechism of the Catholic Church">Catechism</a></i></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="General" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Christianity" title="God in Christianity">God</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingship_and_kingdom_of_God" title="Kingship and kingdom of God">Kingdom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_theology_on_the_body" title="Catholic theology on the body">Body and soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_grace" title="Divine grace">Divine grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dogma_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Dogma in the Catholic Church">Dogma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicene_Creed" title="Nicene Creed">Nicene Creed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_sin" title="Original sin">Original sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_saints" title="List of Catholic saints">Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvation_in_Christianity" title="Salvation in Christianity">Salvation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments_in_Catholic_theology" title="Ten Commandments in Catholic theology">Ten Commandments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vulgate" title="Vulgate">Vulgate</a></li> <li>Official Bible <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sixtine_Vulgate" title="Sixtine Vulgate">Sixtine Vulgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixto-Clementine_Vulgate" title="Sixto-Clementine Vulgate">Sixto-Clementine Vulgate</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nova_Vulgata" title="Nova Vulgata">Nova Vulgata</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_worship" title="Christian worship">Worship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecclesiology" title="Catholic ecclesiology">Ecclesiology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Communitas_perfecta" title="Communitas perfecta">Communitas perfecta</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecumenical_councils" title="Catholic ecumenical councils">Councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_ecumenism" title="Catholic Church and ecumenism">Ecumenism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Marks_of_the_Church" title="Four Marks of the Church">Four marks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_true_church" title="One true church">One true church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholicity" title="Catholicity">Catholic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infallibility_of_the_Church" title="Infallibility of the Church">Infallibility</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mystici_Corporis_Christi" title="Mystici Corporis Christi">Mystici Corporis Christi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_God" title="People of God">People of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churches_Militant,_Penitent,_and_Triumphant" title="Churches Militant, Penitent, and Triumphant">Three states</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Subsistit_in" title="Subsistit in">Subsistit in</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy,_theology,_and_fundamental_theory_of_Catholic_canon_law" title="Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law">In canon law</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Sacraments_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Sacraments of the Catholic Church">Sacraments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baptism" title="Baptism">Baptism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confirmation_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Confirmation in the Catholic Church">Confirmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucharist_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Eucharist in the Catholic Church">Eucharist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacrament_of_Penance" title="Sacrament of Penance">Penance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_the_Sick_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Anointing of the Sick in the Catholic Church">Anointing of the Sick</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Last_rites" title="Last rites">Last rites</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_orders_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Holy orders in the Catholic Church">Holy orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marriage in the Catholic Church">Matrimony</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Mariology" title="Catholic Mariology">Mariology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Catholic_Mariology" title="History of Catholic Mariology">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariology_of_the_popes" title="Mariology of the popes">Mariology of the popes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariology_of_the_saints" title="Mariology of the saints">Mariology of the saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Mother of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_virginity_of_Mary" title="Perpetual virginity of Mary">Perpetual virginity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_Mary_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church">Veneration</a></li> <li>See also:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephology" title="Josephology">Josephology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_philosophy" title="Christian philosophy">Philosophy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_moral_theology" title="Catholic moral theology">Moral theology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personalism_(Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Personalism (Catholic)">Personalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_social_teaching" title="Catholic social teaching">Social teaching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_philosophers_and_theologians" title="List of Catholic philosophers and theologians">Philosophers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy,_theology,_and_fundamental_theory_of_Catholic_canon_law" title="Philosophy, theology, and fundamental theory of Catholic canon law">Philosophy of canon law</a></li> <li>See also:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_the_Catholic_Church" title="Science and the Catholic Church">Science</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_and_the_Catholic_Church" title="Evolution and the Catholic Church">Evolution</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state" title="Separation of church and state">Separation of church and state</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Relations_between_the_Catholic_Church_and_the_state" title="Relations between the Catholic Church and the state">Relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_politics" title="Catholic Church and politics">Politics</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Saint_(Catholic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint (Catholic)">Saints</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Family" title="Holy Family">Holy Family</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Christianity" title="Prophets of Christianity">Prophets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archangel" title="Archangel">Archangels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_martyr" title="Christian martyr">Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_the_Church" title="Doctor of the Church">Doctors of the Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Evangelists" title="Four Evangelists">Evangelists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessor_of_the_Faith" title="Confessor of the Faith">Confessors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">Disciples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_(title)" title="Virgin (title)">Virgins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%">Organisation<br /><small><a href="/wiki/Hierarchy_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Hierarchy of the Catholic Church">Hierarchy</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Canon_law_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Canon law of the Catholic Church">Canon law</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Catholic_laity" title="Catholic laity">Laity</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Order_of_precedence_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Order of precedence in the Catholic Church">Precedence</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_by_country" title="Catholic Church by country">By country</a></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/List_of_popes" title="List of popes">List of popes</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Pope</a> <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_ecumenical_councils" title="Catholic ecumenical councils">Ecumenical councils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_Cardinals" title="College of Cardinals">College</a> of <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)" title="Cardinal (Catholic Church)">Cardinals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_living_cardinals" class="mw-redirect" title="List of living cardinals">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Cardinal_Advisers" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of Cardinal Advisers">Advisers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Curia" title="Roman Curia">Roman Curia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dicastery" title="Dicastery">Dicasteries</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Synod of Bishops in the Catholic Church">Synod of Bishops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Properties_of_the_Holy_See" title="Properties of the Holy See">Properties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City" title="Vatican City">Vatican City</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Vatican_City%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of Vatican City–related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Vatican_City" title="Outline of Vatican City">Outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Palace" title="Apostolic Palace">Apostolic Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lateran_Treaty" title="Lateran Treaty">Lateran Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rota" title="Roman Rota">Roman Rota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Peter%27s_Basilica" title="St. Peter's Basilica">St. Peter's Basilica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Guard" title="Swiss Guard">Swiss Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums" title="Vatican Museums">Vatican Museums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_polity" title="Ecclesiastical polity">Polity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Holy_orders_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Holy orders in the Catholic Church">Holy orders</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_dioceses_(structured_view)" title="List of Catholic dioceses (structured view)">Diocese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_conference" title="Episcopal conference">Episcopal conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eparchy#Church_hierarchy" title="Eparchy">Eparchy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishops_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Bishops in the Catholic Church">Bishop</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_archbishop" title="Major archbishop">Major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primate_(bishop)" title="Primate (bishop)">Primate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_bishop" title="Metropolitan bishop">Metropolitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archbishop" title="Archbishop">Archbishop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocesan_bishop" title="Diocesan bishop">Diocesan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coadjutor_bishop" title="Coadjutor bishop">Coadjutor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_bishop" title="Auxiliary bishop">Auxiliary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titular_bishop" title="Titular bishop">Titular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_emeritus" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope emeritus">Emeritus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parish_(Catholic_Church)" title="Parish (Catholic Church)">Parish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priesthood_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Priesthood in the Catholic Church">Priest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">Deacon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Consecrated_life" title="Consecrated life">Consecrated life</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_(Western_Christianity)" title="Religious (Western Christianity)">Religious</a>:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_(hierarchy)" title="Superior (hierarchy)">Superior</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">Abbot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abbess" title="Abbess">Abbess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superior_general_(Christianity)" title="Superior general (Christianity)">General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provincial_superior" title="Provincial superior">Provincial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prior_(ecclesiastical)" title="Prior (ecclesiastical)">Prior, Prioress</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_master_(order)" title="Grand master (order)">Grand master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_brother" title="Religious brother">Brother</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Friar" title="Friar">Friar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">Monk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_sister" title="Religious sister">Sister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_nun" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic nun">Nun</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermit" title="Hermit">Hermit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novitiate" title="Novitiate">Novice</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Novice_master" title="Novice master">Master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oblate" title="Oblate">Oblate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postulant" title="Postulant">Postulant</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_particular_churches_and_liturgical_rites" title="Catholic particular churches and liturgical rites">Particular churches</a><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Sui_iuris" title="Sui iuris">sui iuris</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Latin Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Albanian Greek Catholic Church">Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Catholic_Church" title="Armenian Catholic Church">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Belarusian Greek Catholic Church">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Bulgarian Greek Catholic Church">Bulgarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaldean_Catholic_Church" title="Chaldean Catholic Church">Chaldean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Catholic_Church" title="Coptic Catholic Church">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Catholic_Church_of_Croatia_and_Serbia" title="Greek Catholic Church of Croatia and Serbia">Croatian and Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Catholic_Church" title="Eritrean Catholic Church">Eritrean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Catholic_Church" title="Ethiopian Catholic Church">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Georgia" title="Catholic Church in Georgia">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Byzantine_Catholic_Church" title="Greek Byzantine Catholic Church">Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Hungarian Greek Catholic Church">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italo-Albanian_Catholic_Church" title="Italo-Albanian Catholic Church">Italo-Albanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Macedonian Greek Catholic Church">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maronite_Church" title="Maronite Church">Maronite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melkite_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Melkite Greek Catholic Church">Melkite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Romanian Greek Catholic Church">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Russian Greek Catholic Church">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruthenian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Ruthenian Greek Catholic Church">Ruthenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Slovak Greek Catholic Church">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Catholic_Church" title="Syriac Catholic Church">Syriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malabar_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Syro-Malabar Catholic Church">Syro-Malabar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syro-Malankara_Catholic_Church" title="Syro-Malankara Catholic Church">Syro-Malankara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church">Ukrainian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:12em"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_liturgy" title="Catholic liturgy">Catholic liturgy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_liturgy" title="Eastern Catholic liturgy">Eastern Catholic liturgy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexandrian_liturgical_rites" title="Alexandrian liturgical rites">Alexandrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antiochene_Rite" title="Antiochene Rite">Antiochian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Rite" title="Armenian Rite">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Rite" title="Byzantine Rite">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Syriac_Rite" title="East Syriac Rite">East Syriac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Syriac_Rite" title="West Syriac Rite">West Syriac</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malankara_Rite" title="Malankara Rite">Malankara</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_liturgical_rites" title="Latin liturgical rites">Latin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosian_Rite" title="Ambrosian Rite">Ambrosian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rite_of_Braga" title="Rite of Braga">Braga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozarabic_Rite" title="Mozarabic Rite">Mozarabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Rite" title="Roman Rite">Roman</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mass_of_Paul_VI" title="Mass of Paul VI">Paul VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tridentine_Mass" title="Tridentine Mass">Tridentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Use" title="Anglican Use">Anglican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaire_Use" title="Zaire Use">Zaire</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_art" title="Catholic art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marian_art_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Marian art in the Catholic Church">Marian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_artists" title="List of Catholic artists">Artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_writers" title="List of Catholic writers">Writers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Catholic_church_buildings" title="Lists of Catholic church buildings">Church buildings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altarpiece" title="Altarpiece">Altarpieces</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_Catholicism" title="Folk Catholicism">Folk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Library" title="Vatican Library">Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Museums" title="Vatican Museums">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_music" title="Category:Catholic music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_Holy_See" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of the Holy See">Distinctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Role_of_Christianity_in_civilization" title="Role of Christianity in civilization">Role in civilisation</a></li> <li>See also:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_Catholic_Church" title="Criticism of the Catholic Church">Criticism of the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholicism" title="Anti-Catholicism">Anti-Catholicism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Catholic_media" title="Category:Catholic media">Media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See_Press_Office" title="Holy See Press Office">Holy See Press Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Media" title="Vatican Media">Vatican Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_News" title="Vatican News">Vatican News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Television_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Vatican Television Center">Vatican Television Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Radio" title="Vatican Radio">Vatican Radio</a></li></ul></li> <li>Vatican Polyglot Press</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Osservatore_Romano" title="L'Osservatore Romano">L'Osservatore Romano</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Acta_Apostolicae_Sedis" title="Acta Apostolicae Sedis">Acta Apostolicae Sedis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Annuario_Pontificio" title="Annuario Pontificio">Annuario Pontificio</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_order_(Catholic)" title="Religious order (Catholic)">Religious orders</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Religious_institute" title="Religious institute">institutes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Society_of_apostolic_life" title="Society of apostolic life">societies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assumptionists" title="Assumptionists">Assumptionists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Annunciation_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary" title="Order of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary">Annonciades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustinians" title="Augustinians">Augustinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Saint_Basil_the_Great" title="Order of Saint Basil the Great">Basilians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedictines" title="Benedictines">Benedictines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethlehemites" title="Bethlehemites">Bethlehemites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Most_Holy_Annunciation" title="Order of the Most Holy Annunciation">Blue nuns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camaldolese" title="Camaldolese">Camaldoleses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camillians" title="Camillians">Camillians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmelites" title="Carmelites">Carmelites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthusians" title="Carthusians">Carthusians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistercians" title="Cistercians">Cistercians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poor_Clares" title="Poor Clares">Clarisses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptionists" title="Conceptionists">Conceptionists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canons_Regular_of_the_Order_of_the_Holy_Cross" title="Canons Regular of the Order of the Holy Cross">Crosiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">Dominicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscans" title="Franciscans">Franciscans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_of_Our_Lady_of_Charity_of_the_Good_Shepherd" title="Congregation of Our Lady of Charity of the Good Shepherd">Good Shepherd Sisters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hieronymites" title="Hieronymites">Hieronymites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesuits" title="Jesuits">Jesuits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legionaries_of_Christ" title="Legionaries of Christ">Legionaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Blessed_Virgin_Mary_of_Mercy" title="Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy">Mercedarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Minims" title="Order of Minims">Minims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivetans" title="Olivetans">Olivetans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oratory_of_Saint_Philip_Neri" title="Oratory of Saint Philip Neri">Oratorians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piarists" title="Piarists">Piarists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premonstratensians" title="Premonstratensians">Premonstratensians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redemptoristines" title="Redemptoristines">Redemptoristines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servite_Order" title="Servite Order">Servites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatines" title="Theatines">Theatines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trappists" title="Trappists">Trappists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinitarians" title="Trinitarians">Trinitarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Visitation_of_Holy_Mary" title="Order of the Visitation of Holy Mary">Visitandines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Association_of_the_Christian_faithful" title="Association of the Christian faithful">Associations<br />of the faithful</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Confraternity" title="Confraternity">Confraternities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_lay_organisations" title="Catholic lay organisations">Lay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Marian_movements_and_societies" title="Catholic Marian movements and societies">Marian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_youth_work" title="Catholic youth work">Youth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Movement_of_Christian_Workers" title="World Movement of Christian Workers">Workers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_order" title="Third order">Third orders</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third_Order_of_Saint_Dominic" title="Third Order of Saint Dominic">Saint Dominic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lay_Carmelites" title="Lay Carmelites">Lay Carmelites</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secular_Order_of_Discalced_Carmelites" title="Secular Order of Discalced Carmelites">Discalced</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Saint Francis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secular_Franciscan_Order" title="Secular Franciscan Order">Secular</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_order_(religious_society)#International" title="Military order (religious society)">Military orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fimcap" title="Fimcap">Fimcap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Action" title="Catholic Action">Catholic Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Charismatic_Renewal" title="Catholic Charismatic Renewal">Charismatic Renewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communion_and_Liberation" title="Communion and Liberation">Communion and Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Sant%27Egidio" title="Community of Sant'Egidio">Sant'Egidio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focolare_Movement" title="Focolare Movement">Focolare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Alliance_of_Catholic_Knights" title="International Alliance of Catholic Knights">International Alliance of Catholic Knights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Catholic_Conference_of_Scouting" title="International Catholic Conference of Scouting">Scouting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legion_of_Mary" title="Legion of Mary">Legion of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neocatechumenal_Way" title="Neocatechumenal Way">Neocatechumenal Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opus_Dei" title="Opus Dei">Opus Dei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schoenstatt_Apostolic_Movement" title="Schoenstatt Apostolic Movement">Schoenstatt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_charities" title="Catholic charities">Charities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aid_to_the_Church_in_Need" title="Aid to the Church in Need">Aid to the Church in Need</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caritas_Internationalis" title="Caritas Internationalis">Caritas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Charities_USA" title="Catholic Charities USA">Catholic Charities USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Home_Missions" title="Catholic Home Missions">Home Missions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Relief_Services" title="Catholic Relief Services">Relief Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIDSE" title="CIDSE">CIDSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pax_Christi" title="Pax Christi">Pax Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Saint_Vincent_de_Paul" title="Society of Saint Vincent de Paul">Society of Saint Vincent de Paul</a><br /></li> <li>See also:</li> <li><a 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