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condenser</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: pool condenser"> <meta name="keywords" content="pool condenser"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="pool condenser"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 408</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: pool condenser</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">408</span> The Mainspring of Controlling of Low Pressure Steam Drum at Lower Pressure than Its Design for Adjusting the Urea Synthesis Pressure</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Behtash">Reza Behtash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Enayat%20Enayati"> Enayat Enayati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The pool condenser is in principal a horizontal reactor, containing a bundle of U-tubes for heat exchange, coupling to low pressure steam drum. Condensation of gas takes place in a condensed pool around the tubes of the condenser. The heat of condensation is removed by the generation of low pressure steam on the inner tube side of the bundle. A circulation pump transfers ample boiler feed water to these tubes. The pressure of the steam generated influenced the heat flux. Changing the steam pressure means changing the steam condensate temperature and therefore the temperature difference between the tube side and the shell side. 2NH3 + CO2 ↔ NH2COONH4 + Heat. This reaction is exothermic and according to Le Chatelier's Principle if the heat is not removed enough, it will come back to left side and generate of the gas and so the Urea synthesis pressure will rise. The most principal reasons for high Urea synthesis pressure are non proportional of Ammonia/Dioxide Carbon ratio and too high a pressure in low pressure steam drum. Proportional of Ammonia/Dioxide Carbon ratio is 3.0 and normal pressure for low pressure steam drum is 4.5 bar. As regards these conditions were proportional but we could not control the synthesis pressure the plant endangered, therefore we had to control the steam drum pressure at about 3.5 bar. While we opened the pool condenser, we found the partition plate used to divide inlet and outlet boiler feed water to tubes, was broken partially and so amount of boiler feed water bypass the tubes and the heat was not removed totally and it resulted in the generation of gases and high pressure in synthesis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boiler" title="boiler">boiler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure" title=" pressure"> pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pool%20condenser" title=" pool condenser"> pool condenser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partition%20plate" title=" partition plate"> partition plate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28750/the-mainspring-of-controlling-of-low-pressure-steam-drum-at-lower-pressure-than-its-design-for-adjusting-the-urea-synthesis-pressure" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28750.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">407</span> Life Prediction of Condenser Tubes Applying Fuzzy Logic and Neural Network Algorithms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Majidian">A. Majidian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The life prediction of thermal power plant components is necessary to prevent the unexpected outages, optimize maintenance tasks in periodic overhauls and plan inspection tasks with their schedules. One of the main critical components in a power plant is condenser because its failure can affect many other components which are positioned in downstream of condenser. This paper deals with factors affecting life of condenser. Failure rates dependency vs. these factors has been investigated using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and fuzzy logic algorithms. These algorithms have shown their capabilities as dynamic tools to evaluate life prediction of power plant equipments. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20prediction" title="life prediction">life prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=condenser%20tube" title=" condenser tube"> condenser tube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neural%20network" title=" neural network"> neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20logic" title=" fuzzy logic"> fuzzy logic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12186/life-prediction-of-condenser-tubes-applying-fuzzy-logic-and-neural-network-algorithms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12186.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">351</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">406</span> Mathematical Modeling of Skin Condensers for Domestic Refrigerator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nitin%20Ghule">Nitin Ghule</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20G.%20Taji"> S. G. Taji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A mathematical model of hot-wall condensers used in refrigerators is presented. The model predicts the heat transfer characteristics of condenser and the effects of various design and operating parameters on condenser tube length and capacity. A finite element approach was used to model the condenser. The condenser tube is divided into elemental units, with each element consisting of adhesive tape, refrigerant tube and outer metal sheet. The heat transfer characteristics of each section are then analyzed by considering the heat transfer through the tube wall, tape and the outer sheet. Variations in inner heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop are considered depending on temperature, fluid phase, type of flow and orientation of tube. Variation in outer heat transfer coefficient is also taken into account. Various materials were analysed for the tube, tape and outer sheet. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=condenser" title="condenser">condenser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=domestic%20refrigerator" title=" domestic refrigerator"> domestic refrigerator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20model" title=" mathematical model"> mathematical model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12376/mathematical-modeling-of-skin-condensers-for-domestic-refrigerator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12376.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">452</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">405</span> Experimental Study on Flooding Phenomena in a Three-Phase Direct Contact Heat Exchanger for the Utilisation in Solar Pond Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hameed%20B.%20Mahood">Hameed B. Mahood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Sh.%20Baqir"> Ali Sh. Baqir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alasdair%20N.%20Campbell"> Alasdair N. Campbell</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Experiments to study the limitation of flooding inception of three-phase direct contact condenser have been carried out in a counter-current small diameter vertical condenser. The total column height was 70 cm and 4 cm diameter. Only 48 cm has been used as an active three-phase direct contact condenser height. Vapour pentane with three different initial temperatures (40, 43.5 and 47.5 °C) and water with a constant temperature (19 °C) have been used as a dispersed phase and a continuous phase respectively. Five different continuous phase mass flow rate and four different dispersed phase mass flow rate have been tested throughout the experiments. Dimensionless correlation based on the previous common flooding correlation is proposed to calculate the up flow flooding inception of the three-phase direct contact condenser. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Three-phase%20heat%20exchanger" title="Three-phase heat exchanger">Three-phase heat exchanger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=condenser" title=" condenser"> condenser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20energy" title=" solar energy"> solar energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flooding%20phenomena" title=" flooding phenomena"> flooding phenomena</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57093/experimental-study-on-flooding-phenomena-in-a-three-phase-direct-contact-heat-exchanger-for-the-utilisation-in-solar-pond-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57093.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">339</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">404</span> An Investigation about Rate Of Evaporation from the Water Surface and LNG Pool</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farokh%20Alipour">Farokh Alipour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Falavand"> Ali Falavand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neda%20Beit%20Saeid"> Neda Beit Saeid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The calculation of the effect of accidental releases of flammable materials such as LNG requires the use of a suitable consequence model. This study is due to providing a planning advice for developments in the vicinity of LNG sites and other sites handling flammable materials. In this paper, an applicable algorithm that is able to model pool fires on water is presented and applied to estimate pool fire damage zone. This procedure can be used to model pool fires on land and could be helpful in consequence modeling and domino effect zone measurements of flammable materials which is needed in site selection and plant layout. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LNG" title="LNG">LNG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pool%20fire" title=" pool fire"> pool fire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spill" title=" spill"> spill</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiation" title=" radiation"> radiation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19964/an-investigation-about-rate-of-evaporation-from-the-water-surface-and-lng-pool" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19964.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">402</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">403</span> Probabilistic Safety Assessment of Koeberg Spent Fuel Pool</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sibongiseni%20Thabethe">Sibongiseni Thabethe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ian%20Korir"> Ian Korir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effective management of spent fuel pool (SFP) safety has been raised as one of the emerging issues to further enhance nuclear installation safety after the Fukushima accident on March 11, 2011. Before then, SFP safety-related issues have been mainly focused on (a) controlling the configuration of the fuel assemblies in the pool with no loss of pool coolants and (b) ensuring adequate pool storage space to prevent fuel criticality owing to chain reactions of the fission products and the ability for neutron absorption to keep the fuel cool. A probabilistic safety (PSA) assessment was performed using the systems analysis program for hands-on integrated reliability evaluations (SAPHIRE) computer code. Event and fault tree analysis was done to develop a PSA model for the Koeberg SFP. We present preliminary PSA results of events that lead to boiling and cause fuel uncovering, resulting in possible fuel damage in the Koeberg SFP. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20code" title="computer code">computer code</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20assemblies" title=" fuel assemblies"> fuel assemblies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probabilistic%20risk%20assessment" title=" probabilistic risk assessment"> probabilistic risk assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spent%20fuel%20pool" title=" spent fuel pool"> spent fuel pool</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131191/probabilistic-safety-assessment-of-koeberg-spent-fuel-pool" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/131191.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">169</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">402</span> Suitable Operating Conditions of Hot Water Generators Combined with Central Air Package Units: A Case Study of Tipco Building Group</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chalermporn%20Jindapeng">Chalermporn Jindapeng</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main objective of the study of the suitable operating conditions of hot water generators combined with central air package units: a case study of Tipco Building Group was to analyze the suitable operating conditions and energy-related costs in each operating condition of hot water generators combined with central air package units which resulted in water-cooled packages. Thermal energy from vapor form refrigerants at high pressures and temperatures was exchanged with thermal energy of the water in the swimming pool that required suitable temperature control for users with the use of plate heat exchangers before refrigerants could enter the condenser in its function to change the status of vapor form refrigerants at high pressures and temperatures to liquid form at high pressures and temperatures. Thus, if this was used to replace heat pumps it could reduce the electrical energy that was used to make hot water and reduce the cost of the electrical energy of air package units including the increased efficacy of air package units. Of the analyses of the suitable operating conditions by means of the study of the elements involved with actual measurements from the system that had been installed at the Tipco Building Group hot water generators were combined with air package units which resulted in water-cooled packages with a cooling capacity of 75 tonnes. Plate heat exchangers were used in the transfer of thermal energy from refrigerants to one set of water with a heat exchanger area of 1.5 m² which was used to increase the temperature of swimming pool water that has a capacity of 240 m³. From experimental results, it was discovered after continuous temperature measurements in the swimming pool every 15 minutes that swimming pool water temperature increased by 0.78 ⁰C 0.75 ⁰C 0.74 ⁰C and 0.71 ⁰C. The rates of flow of hot water through the heat exchangers were equal to 14, 16, 18 and 20 litres per minute respectively where the swimming pool water temperature was at a constant value and when the rate of flow of hot water increased this caused hot water temperatures to decrease and the coefficient of performance of the air package units to increase from 5.9 to 6.3, 6.7, 6.9 and 7.6 while the rates of flow of hot water were equal to 14, 16, 18 and 20 litres per minute, respectively. As for the cooling systems, there were no changes and the system cooling functions were normal as the cooling systems were able to continuously transfer incoming heat for the swimming pool water which resulted in a constant pressure in the cooling system that allowed its cooling functions to work normally. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=central%20air%20package%20units" title="central air package units">central air package units</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20exchange" title=" heat exchange"> heat exchange</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20water%20generators" title=" hot water generators"> hot water generators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swimming%20pool" title=" swimming pool"> swimming pool</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51917/suitable-operating-conditions-of-hot-water-generators-combined-with-central-air-package-units-a-case-study-of-tipco-building-group" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51917.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">258</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">401</span> Producing Lutein Powder from Algae by Extraction and Drying</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zexin%20Lei">Zexin Lei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Timothy%20Langrish"> Timothy Langrish </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Lutein is a type of carotene believed to be beneficial to the eyes. This study aims to explore the possibility of using a closed cycle spray drying system to produce lutein. The system contains a spray dryer, a condenser, a heater, and a pressure seal. Hexane, ethanol, and isopropanol will be used as organic solvents to compare the extraction effects. Several physical and chemical methods of cell disruption will be compared. By continuously sweeping the system with nitrogen, the oxygen content will be controlled below 2%, reducing the concentration of organic solvent below the explosion limit and preventing lutein from being oxidized. Lutein powder will be recovered in the collection device. The volatile organic solvent will be cooled in the condenser and deposited in the bottom until it is discharged from the bottom of the condenser. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=closed%20cycle%20spray%20drying%20system" title="closed cycle spray drying system">closed cycle spray drying system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chlorella%20vulgaris" title=" Chlorella vulgaris"> Chlorella vulgaris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=organic%20solvent" title=" organic solvent"> organic solvent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solvent%20recovery" title=" solvent recovery"> solvent recovery</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120838/producing-lutein-powder-from-algae-by-extraction-and-drying" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120838.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">400</span> Domain Adaptation Save Lives - Drowning Detection in Swimming Pool Scene Based on YOLOV8 Improved by Gaussian Poisson Generative Adversarial Network Augmentation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simiao%20Ren">Simiao Ren</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=En%20Wei"> En Wei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Drowning is a significant safety issue worldwide, and a robust computer vision-based alert system can easily prevent such tragedies in swimming pools. However, due to domain shift caused by the visual gap (potentially due to lighting, indoor scene change, pool floor color etc.) between the training swimming pool and the test swimming pool, the robustness of such algorithms has been questionable. The annotation cost for labeling each new swimming pool is too expensive for mass adoption of such a technique. To address this issue, we propose a domain-aware data augmentation pipeline based on Gaussian Poisson Generative Adversarial Network (GP-GAN). Combined with YOLOv8, we demonstrate that such a domain adaptation technique can significantly improve the model performance (from 0.24 mAP to 0.82 mAP) on new test scenes. As the augmentation method only require background imagery from the new domain (no annotation needed), we believe this is a promising, practical route for preventing swimming pool drowning. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer%20vision" title="computer vision">computer vision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20learning" title=" deep learning"> deep learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=YOLOv8" title=" YOLOv8"> YOLOv8</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=detection" title=" detection"> detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=swimming%20pool" title=" swimming pool"> swimming pool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drowning" title=" drowning"> drowning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=domain%20adaptation" title=" domain adaptation"> domain adaptation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generative%20adversarial%20network" title=" generative adversarial network"> generative adversarial network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GAN" title=" GAN"> GAN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GP-GAN" title=" GP-GAN"> GP-GAN</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163443/domain-adaptation-save-lives-drowning-detection-in-swimming-pool-scene-based-on-yolov8-improved-by-gaussian-poisson-generative-adversarial-network-augmentation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163443.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">101</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">399</span> Thermodynamic Analysis of Cascade Refrigeration System Using R12-R13, R290-R23 and R404A-23</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20D.%20Parekh">A. D. Parekh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20R.%20Tailor"> P. R. Tailor </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Montreal protocol and Kyoto protocol underlined the need of substitution of CFC’s and HCFC’s due to their adverse impact on atmospheric ozone layer which protects earth from U.V rays. The CFCs have been entirely ruled out since 1995 and a long-term basis HCFCs must be replaced by 2020. All this events motivated HFC refrigerants which are harmless to ozone layer. In this paper thermodynamic analysis of cascade refrigeration system has been done using three different refrigerant pairs R13-R12, R290-R23, and R404A-R23. Effect of various operating parameters i.e evaporator temperature, condenser temperature, temperature difference in cascade condenser and low temperature cycle condenser temperature on performance parameters viz. COP, exergetic efficiency and refrigerant mass flow ratio have been studied. Thermodynamic analysis shows that out of three refrigerant pairs R12-R13, R290-R23 and R404A-R23 the COP of R290-R23 refrigerant pair is highest. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermodynamic%20analysis" title="thermodynamic analysis">thermodynamic analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cascade%20refrigeration%20system" title=" cascade refrigeration system"> cascade refrigeration system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COP" title=" COP"> COP</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exergetic%20efficiency" title=" exergetic efficiency"> exergetic efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12727/thermodynamic-analysis-of-cascade-refrigeration-system-using-r12-r13-r290-r23-and-r404a-23" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12727.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">398</span> Analysis of Heat Exchanger Area of Two Stage Cascade Refrigeration System Using Taguchi</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20D.%20Parekh">A. D. Parekh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present work describes relative contributions of operating parameters on required heat transfer area of three heat exchangers viz. evaporator, condenser and cascade condenser of two stage R404A-R508B cascade refrigeration system using Taguchi method. The operating parameters considered in present study includes (1) condensing temperature of high temperature cycle and low temperature cycle (2) evaporating temperature of low temperature cycle (3) degree of superheating in low temperature cycle (4) refrigerating effect. Heat transfer areas of three heat exchangers are studied with variation of above operating parameters and also optimum working levels of each operating parameter has been obtained for minimum heat transfer area of each heat exchanger using Taguchi method. The analysis using Taguchi method reveals that evaporating temperature of low temperature cycle and refrigerating effect contribute relatively largely on the area of evaporator. Condenser area is mainly influenced by both condensing temperature of high temperature cycle and refrigerating effect. Area of cascade condenser is mainly affected by refrigerating effect and the effects of other operating parameters are minimal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cascade%20refrigeration%20system" title="cascade refrigeration system">cascade refrigeration system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taguchi%20method" title=" Taguchi method"> Taguchi method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer%20area" title=" heat transfer area"> heat transfer area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANOVA" title=" ANOVA"> ANOVA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20solution" title=" optimal solution"> optimal solution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12558/analysis-of-heat-exchanger-area-of-two-stage-cascade-refrigeration-system-using-taguchi" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12558.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">338</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">397</span> Analysis of Heat Exchanger Area of Two Stage Cascade Refrigeration System Using Taguchi Methodology</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20D.%20Parekh">A. D. Parekh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present work describes relative contributions of operating parameters on required heat transfer area of three heat exchangers viz. evaporator, condenser and cascade condenser of two stage R404A-R508B cascade refrigeration system using Taguchi method. The operating parameters considered in present study includes (1) condensing temperature of high temperature cycle and low temperature cycle (2) evaporating temperature of low temperature cycle (3) degree of superheating in low temperature cycle (4) refrigerating effect. Heat transfer areas of three heat exchangers are studied with variation of above operating parameters and also optimum working levels of each operating parameter has been obtained for minimum heat transfer area of each heat exchanger using Taguchi method. The analysis using Taguchi method reveals that evaporating temperature of low temperature cycle and refrigerating effect contribute relatively largely on the area of evaporator. Condenser area is mainly influenced by both condensing temperature of high temperature cycle and refrigerating effect. Area of cascade condenser is mainly affected by refrigerating effect and the effects of other operating parameters are minimal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cascade%20refrigeration%20system" title="cascade refrigeration system">cascade refrigeration system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Taguchi%20method" title=" Taguchi method"> Taguchi method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer%20area" title=" heat transfer area"> heat transfer area</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANOVA" title=" ANOVA"> ANOVA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimal%20solution" title=" optimal solution"> optimal solution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10978/analysis-of-heat-exchanger-area-of-two-stage-cascade-refrigeration-system-using-taguchi-methodology" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10978.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">384</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">396</span> Hardware-in-the-Loop Test for Automatic Voltage Regulator of Synchronous Condenser</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ha%20Thi%20Nguyen">Ha Thi Nguyen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guangya%20Yang"> Guangya Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arne%20Hejde%20Nielsen"> Arne Hejde Nielsen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20H%C3%B8jgaard%20Jensen"> Peter Højgaard Jensen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Automatic voltage regulator (AVR) plays an important role in volt/var control of synchronous condenser (SC) in power systems. Test AVR performance in steady-state and dynamic conditions in real grid is expensive, low efficiency, and hard to achieve. To address this issue, we implement hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) test for the AVR of SC to test the steady-state and dynamic performances of AVR in different operating conditions. Startup procedure of the system and voltage set point changes are studied to evaluate the AVR hardware response. Overexcitation, underexcitation, and AVR set point loss are tested to compare the performance of SC with the AVR hardware and that of simulation. The comparative results demonstrate how AVR will work in a real system. The results show HiL test is an effective approach for testing devices before deployment and is able to parameterize the controller with lower cost, higher efficiency, and more flexibility. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automatic%20voltage%20regulator" title="automatic voltage regulator">automatic voltage regulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hardware-in-the-loop" title=" hardware-in-the-loop"> hardware-in-the-loop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synchronous%20condenser" title=" synchronous condenser"> synchronous condenser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=real%20time%20digital%20simulator" title=" real time digital simulator"> real time digital simulator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77340/hardware-in-the-loop-test-for-automatic-voltage-regulator-of-synchronous-condenser" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77340.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">251</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">395</span> FEM Simulations to Study the Effects of Laser Power and Scan Speed on Molten Pool Size in Additive Manufacturing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yee-Ting%20Lee">Yee-Ting Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jyun-Rong%20Zhuang"> Jyun-Rong Zhuang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wen-Hsin%20Hsieh"> Wen-Hsin Hsieh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=An-Shik%20Yang"> An-Shik Yang </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Additive manufacturing (AM) is increasingly crucial in biomedical and aerospace industries. As a recently developed AM technique, selective laser melting (SLM) has become a commercial method for various manufacturing processes. However, the molten pool configuration during SLM of metal powders is a decisive issue for the product quality. It is very important to investigate the heat transfer characteristics during the laser heating process. In this work, the finite element method (FEM) software ANSYS<sup>®</sup> (work bench module 16.0) was used to predict the unsteady temperature distribution for resolving molten pool dimensions with consideration of temperature-dependent thermal physical properties of TiAl6V4 at different laser powers and scanning speeds. The simulated results of the temperature distributions illustrated that the ratio of laser power to scanning speed can greatly influence the size of molten pool of titanium alloy powder for SLM development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=additive%20manufacturing" title="additive manufacturing">additive manufacturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20method" title=" finite element method"> finite element method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molten%20pool%20dimensions" title=" molten pool dimensions"> molten pool dimensions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=selective%20laser%20melting" title=" selective laser melting"> selective laser melting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66793/fem-simulations-to-study-the-effects-of-laser-power-and-scan-speed-on-molten-pool-size-in-additive-manufacturing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66793.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">286</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">394</span> CFD Simulation for Flow Behavior in Boiling Water Reactor Vessel and Upper Pool under Decommissioning Condition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20T.%20Ku">Y. T. Ku</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20W.%20Chen"> S. W. Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20R.%20Wang"> J. R. Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Shih"> C. Shih</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20F.%20Chang"> Y. F. Chang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to respond the policy decision of non-nuclear homes, Tai Power Company (TPC) will provide the decommissioning project of Kuosheng Nuclear power plant (KSNPP) to meet the regulatory requirement in near future. In this study, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methodology has been employed to develop a flow prediction model for boiling water reactor (BWR) with upper pool under decommissioning stage. The model can be utilized to investigate the flow behavior as the vessel combined with upper pool and continuity cooling system. At normal operating condition, different parameters are obtained for the full fluid area, including velocity, mass flow, and mixing phenomenon in the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) and upper pool. Through the efforts of the study, an integrated simulation model will be developed for flow field analysis of decommissioning KSNPP under normal operating condition. It can be expected that a basis result for future analysis application of TPC can be provide from this study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title="CFD">CFD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BWR" title=" BWR"> BWR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decommissioning" title=" decommissioning"> decommissioning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=upper%20pool" title=" upper pool"> upper pool</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92505/cfd-simulation-for-flow-behavior-in-boiling-water-reactor-vessel-and-upper-pool-under-decommissioning-condition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92505.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">267</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">393</span> Experimental Investigation of Heat Pipe with Annular Fins under Natural Convection at Different Inclinations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gangacharyulu%20Dasaroju">Gangacharyulu Dasaroju</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sumeet%20Sharma"> Sumeet Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjay%20Singh"> Sanjay Singh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heat pipe is characterised as superconductor of heat because of its excellent heat removal ability. The operation of several engineering system results in generation of heat. This may cause several overheating problems and lead to failure of the systems. To overcome this problem and to achieve desired rate of heat dissipation, there is need to study the performance of heat pipe with annular fins under free convection at different inclinations. This study demonstrates the effect of different mass flow rate of hot fluid into evaporator section on the condenser side heat transfer coefficient with annular fins under natural convection at different inclinations. In this study annular fins are used for the experimental work having dimensions of length of fin, thickness of fin and spacing of fin as 10 mm, 1 mm and 6 mm, respectively. The main aim of present study is to discover at what inclination angles the maximum heat transfer coefficient shall be achieved. The heat transfer coefficient on the external surface of heat pipe condenser section is determined by experimental method and then predicted by empirical correlations. The results obtained from experimental and Churchill and Chu relation for laminar are in fair agreement with not more than 22% deviation. It is elucidated the maximum heat transfer coefficient of 31.2 W/(m<sup>2</sup>-K) at 25˚ tilt angle and minimal condenser heat transfer coefficient of 26.4 W/(m<sup>2</sup>-K) is seen at 45˚ tilt angle and 200 ml/min mass flow rate. Inclination angle also affects the thermal performance of heat pipe. Beyond 25<sup>o</sup> inclination, heat transport rate starts to decrease. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20pipe" title="heat pipe">heat pipe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=annular%20fins" title=" annular fins"> annular fins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20convection" title=" natural convection"> natural convection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=condenser%20heat%20transfer%20coefficient" title=" condenser heat transfer coefficient"> condenser heat transfer coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tilt%20angle" title=" tilt angle"> tilt angle</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99669/experimental-investigation-of-heat-pipe-with-annular-fins-under-natural-convection-at-different-inclinations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99669.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">392</span> Heating System for Water Pool by Solar Energy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elmo%20Thiago%20Lins%20C%C3%B6uras%20Ford">Elmo Thiago Lins Cöuras Ford</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valentina%20Alessandra%20Carvalho%20do%20Vale"> Valentina Alessandra Carvalho do Vale</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A swimming pool heating system is presented, composed of two alternative collectors with serial PVC absorber tubes that work in regimen of forced stream that is gotten through a bomb. A 500 liters reservoir was used, simulating the swimming pool, being raised some data that show the viability of the considered system. The chosen outflow was corresponding to 100 l/h. In function of the low outflow it was necessary the use of a not popular bomb, choosing the use of a low outflow alternative pumping system, using an air conditioner engine with three different rotations for the desired end. The thermal data related to each collector and their developed system will be presented. The UV and thermal degradations of the PVC exposed to solar radiation will be also boarded, demonstrating the viability of using tubes of this material as absorber elements of radiation in water heating solar collectors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20energy" title="solar energy">solar energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solar%20swimming%20pool" title=" solar swimming pool"> solar swimming pool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20heating" title=" water heating"> water heating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PVC%20tubes" title=" PVC tubes"> PVC tubes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alternative%20system" title=" alternative system"> alternative system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18363/heating-system-for-water-pool-by-solar-energy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18363.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">464</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">391</span> Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Swimming Pool Hygiene and Assessment of Microbial Contamination in Educational Institution in Selangor</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zarini%20Ismail">Zarini Ismail</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mas%20Ayu%20Arina%20Mohd%20Anuwar"> Mas Ayu Arina Mohd Anuwar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ling%20Chai%20Ying"> Ling Chai Ying</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tengku%20Zetty%20Maztura%20Tengku%20Jamaluddin"> Tengku Zetty Maztura Tengku Jamaluddin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurul%20Azmawati%20Mohamed"> Nurul Azmawati Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nadeeya%20Ayn%20Umaisara%20Mohamad%20Nor"> Nadeeya Ayn Umaisara Mohamad Nor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The transmission of infectious diseases can occur anywhere, including in the swimming pools. A large number of swimmers turnover and poor hygienic behaviours will increase the occurrence of direct and indirect water contamination. A wide variety of infections such as the gastrointestinal illnesses, skin rash, eye infections, ear infections and respiratory illnesses had been reported following the exposure to the contaminated water. Understanding the importance of pool hygiene with a healthy practice will reduce the risk of infection. The aims of the study are to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practices on pool hygiene among swimming pool users and to determine the microbial contaminants in swimming pools. A cross-sectional study was conducted using self-administered questionnaires to 600 swimming pool users from four swimming pools belong to the three educational institutions in Selangor. Data was analyzed using SPSS Statistics version 22.0 for Windows. The knowledge, attitude and practice of the study participants were analyzed using the sum score based on Bloom’s cut-off point (80%). Having a score above the cut-off point was classified as having high levels of knowledge, positive attitude and good practice. The association between socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge and attitude with practice on pool hygiene was determined by Chi-Square test. The physicochemical parameters and the microbial contamination were determined using a standard method for examination of waste and wastewater. Of the 600 respondents, 465 (77.5%) were females with the mean age of 21 years old. Most of the respondents are the students (98.8%) which belong to the three educational institutions in Selangor. Overall, the majority of the respondents (89.2%) had low knowledge on pool hygiene, but had positive attitudes (91.3%). Whereas only half of the respondents (50%) practice good hygiene while using the swimming pools. There was a significant association between practice level on pool hygiene with knowledge (p < 0.001) and also the attitude (p < 0.001). The measurements of the physicochemical parameters showed that all 4 swimming pools had low levels of pH and two had low levels of free chlorine. However, all the water samples tested were negative for Escherichia coli. The findings of this study suggested that high knowledge and positive attitude towards pool hygiene ensure a good practice among swimming pool users. Thus, it is recommended that educational interventions should be given to the swimming pool users to increase their knowledge regarding the pool hygiene and this will prevent the unnecessary outbreak of infectious diseases related to swimming pool. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attitude" title="attitude">attitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge" title=" knowledge"> knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pool%20hygiene" title=" pool hygiene"> pool hygiene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=practice" title=" practice"> practice</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67187/knowledge-attitude-and-practice-on-swimming-pool-hygiene-and-assessment-of-microbial-contamination-in-educational-institution-in-selangor" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67187.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">298</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">390</span> The Model Establishment and Analysis of TRACE/FRAPTRAN for Chinshan Nuclear Power Plant Spent Fuel Pool</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20R.%20Wang">J. R. Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20T.%20Lin"> H. T. Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20S.%20Tseng"> Y. S. Tseng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Y.%20Li"> W. Y. Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20C.%20Chen"> H. C. Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20W.%20Chen"> S. W. Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Shih"> C. Shih</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> TRACE is developed by U.S. NRC for the nuclear power plants (NPPs) safety analysis. We focus on the establishment and application of TRACE/FRAPTRAN/SNAP models for Chinshan NPP (BWR/4) spent fuel pool in this research. The geometry is 12.17 m × 7.87 m × 11.61 m for the spent fuel pool. In this study, there are three TRACE/SNAP models: one-channel, two-channel, and multi-channel TRACE/SNAP model. Additionally, the cooling system failure of the spent fuel pool was simulated and analyzed by using the above models. According to the analysis results, the peak cladding temperature response was more accurate in the multi-channel TRACE/SNAP model. The results depicted that the uncovered of the fuels occurred at 2.7 day after the cooling system failed. In order to estimate the detailed fuel rods performance, FRAPTRAN code was used in this research. According to the results of FRAPTRAN, the highest cladding temperature located on the node 21 of the fuel rod (the highest node at node 23) and the cladding burst roughly after 3.7 day. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TRACE" title="TRACE">TRACE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FRAPTRAN" title=" FRAPTRAN"> FRAPTRAN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BWR" title=" BWR"> BWR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spent%20fuel%20pool" title=" spent fuel pool"> spent fuel pool</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49105/the-model-establishment-and-analysis-of-tracefraptran-for-chinshan-nuclear-power-plant-spent-fuel-pool" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49105.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">357</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">389</span> Dynamic Process of Single Water Droplet Impacting on a Hot Heptane Surface</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mingjun%20Xu">Mingjun Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shouxiang%20Lu"> Shouxiang Lu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Understanding the interaction mechanism between the water droplet and pool fire has an important significance in engineering application of water sprinkle/spray/mist fire suppression. The micro impact process is unclear when the droplet impacts on the burning liquid surface at present. To deepen the understanding of the mechanisms of pool fire suppression with water spray/mist, dynamic processes of single water droplet impinging onto a hot heptane surface are visualized with the aid of a high-speed digital camera at 2000 fps. Each test is repeated 20 times. The water droplet diameter is around 1.98 mm, and the impact Weber number ranges from 30 to 695. The heptane is heated by a hot plate to mimic the burning condition, and the temperature varies from 30 to 90°C. The results show that three typical phenomena, including penetration, crater-jet and surface bubble, are observed, and the pool temperature has a significant influence on the critical condition for the appearance of each phenomenon. A global picture of different phenomena is built according to impact Weber number and pool temperature. In addition, the pool temperature and Weber number have important influences on the characteristic parameters including maximum crater depth, crown height and liquid column height. For a fixed Weber number, the liquid column height increases with pool temperature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=droplet%20impact" title="droplet impact">droplet impact</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire%20suppression" title=" fire suppression"> fire suppression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20surface" title=" hot surface"> hot surface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20spray" title=" water spray"> water spray</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74681/dynamic-process-of-single-water-droplet-impacting-on-a-hot-heptane-surface" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74681.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">243</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">388</span> Reliability Assessment of Various Empirical Formulas for Prediction of Scour Hole Depth (Plunge Pool) Using a Comprehensive Physical Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Majid%20Galoie">Majid Galoie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khodadad%20Safavi"> Khodadad Safavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdolreza%20Karami%20Nejad"> Abdolreza Karami Nejad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Reza%20Roshan"> Reza Roshan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, a comprehensive scouring model has been developed in order to evaluate the accuracy of various empirical relationships which were suggested for prediction of scour hole depth in plunge pools by Martins, Mason, Chian and Veronese. For this reason, scour hole depths caused by free falling jets from a flip bucket to a plunge pool were investigated. In this study various discharges, angles, scouring times, etc. have been considered. The final results demonstrated that the all mentioned empirical formulas, except Mason formula, were reasonably agreement with the experimental data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scour%20hole%20depth" title="scour hole depth">scour hole depth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plunge%20pool" title=" plunge pool"> plunge pool</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20model" title=" physical model"> physical model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability%20assessment" title=" reliability assessment "> reliability assessment </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20084/reliability-assessment-of-various-empirical-formulas-for-prediction-of-scour-hole-depth-plunge-pool-using-a-comprehensive-physical-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20084.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">535</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">387</span> Evaluation Using a Bidirectional Microphone as a Pressure Pulse Wave Meter</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shunsuke%20Fujiwara">Shunsuke Fujiwara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takashi%20Kaburagi"> Takashi Kaburagi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazuyuki%20Kobayashi"> Kazuyuki Kobayashi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kajiro%20Watanabe"> Kajiro Watanabe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yosuke%20Kurihara"> Yosuke Kurihara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes a novel sensor device, a pressure pulse wave meter, which uses a bidirectional condenser microphone. The microphone work as a microphone as well as a sensor with high gain over a wide frequency range; they are also highly reliable and economical. Currently aging is becoming a serious social issue in Japan causing increased medical expenses in the country. Hence, it is important for elderly citizens to check health condition at home, and to care the health conditions through daily monitoring. Given this circumstances, we developed a novel pressure pulse wave meter based on a bidirectional condenser microphone. This novel pressure pulse wave meter device is used as a measuring instrument of health conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bidirectional%20microphone" title="bidirectional microphone">bidirectional microphone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pressure%20pulse%20wave%20meter" title=" pressure pulse wave meter"> pressure pulse wave meter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20condition" title=" health condition"> health condition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=novel%20sensor%20device" title=" novel sensor device"> novel sensor device</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28575/evaluation-using-a-bidirectional-microphone-as-a-pressure-pulse-wave-meter" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28575.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">554</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">386</span> Experimental Investigation of Nucleate Pool Boiling Heat Transfer Characteristics on Copper Surface with Laser-Textured Stepped Microstructures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luvindran%20Sugumaran">Luvindran Sugumaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Nashrul%20Mohd%20Zubir"> Mohd Nashrul Mohd Zubir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazi%20Md%20Salim%20Newaz"> Kazi Md Salim Newaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tuan%20Zaharinie%20Tuan%20Zahari"> Tuan Zaharinie Tuan Zahari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suazlan%20Mt%20Aznam"> Suazlan Mt Aznam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aiman%20Mohd%20Halil"> Aiman Mohd Halil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Due to the rapid advancement of integrated circuits and the increasing trend towards miniaturizing electronic devices, the amount of heat produced by electronic devices has consistently exceeded the maximum limit for heat dissipation. Currently, the two-phase cooling technique based on phase change pool boiling heat transfer has received a lot of attention because of its potential to fully utilize the latent heat of the fluid and produce a highly effective heat dissipation capacity while keeping the equipment's operating temperature within an acceptable range. There are numerous strategies available for the alteration of heating surfaces, but to find the best, simplest, and most dependable one remains a challenge. Lately, surface texturing via laser ablation has been used in a variety of investigations, demonstrating its significant potential for enhancing the pool boiling heat transfer performance. In this research, the nucleate pool boiling heat transfer performance of laser-textured copper surfaces of different patterns was investigated. The bare copper surface serves as a reference to compare the performance of laser-structured surfaces. It was observed that the heat transfer coefficients were increased with the increase of surface area ratio and the ratio of the peak-to-valley height of the microstructure. Laser machined grain structure produced extra nucleation sites, which ultimately caused the improved pool boiling performance. Due to an increase in nucleation site density and surface area, the enhanced nucleate boiling served as the primary heat transfer mechanism. The pool boiling performance of the laser-textured copper surfaces is superior to the bare copper surface in all aspects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer%20coefficient" title="heat transfer coefficient">heat transfer coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20texturing" title=" laser texturing"> laser texturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro%20structured%20surface" title=" micro structured surface"> micro structured surface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pool%20boiling" title=" pool boiling"> pool boiling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165865/experimental-investigation-of-nucleate-pool-boiling-heat-transfer-characteristics-on-copper-surface-with-laser-textured-stepped-microstructures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165865.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">92</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">385</span> A Design of Anisotropic Wet Etching System to Reduce Hillocks on Etched Surface of Silicon Substrate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alonggot%20Limcharoen%20Kaeochotchuangkul">Alonggot Limcharoen Kaeochotchuangkul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pathomporn%20Sawatchai"> Pathomporn Sawatchai</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research aims to design and build a wet etching system, which is suitable for anisotropic wet etching, in order to reduce etching time, to reduce hillocks on the etched surface (to reduce roughness), and to create a 45-degree wall angle (micro-mirror). This study would start by designing a wet etching system. There are four main components in this system: an ultrasonic cleaning, a condenser, a motor and a substrate holder. After that, an ultrasonic machine was modified by applying a condenser to maintain the consistency of the solution concentration during the etching process and installing a motor for improving the roughness. This effect on the etch rate and the roughness showed that the etch rate increased and the roughness was reduced. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anisotropic%20wet%20etching" title="anisotropic wet etching">anisotropic wet etching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wet%20etching%20system" title=" wet etching system"> wet etching system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hillocks" title=" hillocks"> hillocks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasonic%20cleaning" title=" ultrasonic cleaning"> ultrasonic cleaning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109308/a-design-of-anisotropic-wet-etching-system-to-reduce-hillocks-on-etched-surface-of-silicon-substrate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/109308.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">115</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">384</span> Antioxidant Properties and Nutritive Value of Raw and Cooked Pool barb (Puntius sophore) of Eastern Himalayas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chungkham%20Sarojnalini">Chungkham Sarojnalini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wahengbam%20Sarjubala%20Devi"> Wahengbam Sarjubala Devi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Antioxidant properties and nutritive values of raw and cooked Pool barb, Puntius sophore (Hamilton-Buchanan) of Eastern Himalayas, India were determined. Antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of the raw, steamed, fried and curried Pool barb was evaluated by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay. In DPPH scavenging assay the IC50 value of the raw, steamed, fried and curried Pool barb was 1.66 microgram/ml, 16.09 microgram/ml, 8.99 microgram/ml, 0.59 microgram/ml whereas the IC50 of the reference ascorbic acid was 46.66 microgram/ml. This results shows that the fish have high antioxidant activity. Protein content was found highest in raw (20.50±0.08%) and lowest in curried (18.66±0.13%). Moisture content in raw, fried and curried was 76.35±0.09, 46.27±0.14 and 57.46±0.24 respectively. Lipid content was recorded 2.46±0.14% in raw and 21.76±0.10% in curried. Ash content varies from 12.57±0.11 to 22.53±0.07%. The total aminoacids were varied from 36.79±0.02 and 288.43±0.12 mg/100 g. Eleven essential mineral elements were found abundant in all the samples. The samples had a considerable amount of Fe ranging from 152.17 to 320.39 milligram/100 gram, Ca 902.06 to 1356.02 milligram/100 gram, Zn 91.07 to 138.14 milligram/100 gram, K 193.25 to 261.56 milligram/100 gram, Mg 225.06 to 229.10 milligram/100 gram. Ni was not detected in the curried fish. The Mg and K contents were significantly decreased in frying method; however the Fe, Cu, Ca, Co and Mn content were increased significantly in all the cooked samples. The Mg and Na contents were significantly increased in curried sample and the Cr content was decreased significantly (p<0.05) in all the cooked samples. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant%20property" title="antioxidant property">antioxidant property</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pool%20barb" title=" pool barb"> pool barb</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=minerals" title=" minerals"> minerals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aminoacids" title=" aminoacids"> aminoacids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proximate%20composition" title=" proximate composition"> proximate composition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooking%20methods" title=" cooking methods"> cooking methods</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3155/antioxidant-properties-and-nutritive-value-of-raw-and-cooked-pool-barb-puntius-sophore-of-eastern-himalayas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3155.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">222</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">383</span> Experimental Investigation of Nucleate Pool Boiling Heat Transfer on Laser-Structured Copper Surfaces of Different Patterns</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luvindran%20Sugumaran">Luvindran Sugumaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Nashrul%20Mohd%20Zubir"> Mohd Nashrul Mohd Zubir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazi%20Md%20Salim%20Newaz"> Kazi Md Salim Newaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tuan%20Zaharinie%20Tuan%20Zahari"> Tuan Zaharinie Tuan Zahari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suazlan%20Mt%20Aznam"> Suazlan Mt Aznam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aiman%20Mohd%20Halil"> Aiman Mohd Halil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With reference to Energy Roadmap 2050, the minimization of greenhouse gas emissions and the enhancement of energy efficiency are the two key factors that could facilitate a radical change in the world's energy infrastructure. However, the energy demands of electronic devices skyrocketed with the advent of the digital age. Currently, the two-phase cooling technique based on phase change pool boiling heat transfer has received a lot of attention because of its potential to fully utilize the latent heat of the fluid and produce a highly effective heat dissipation capacity while keeping the equipment's operating temperature within an acceptable range. There are numerous strategies available for the alteration of heating surfaces, but finding the best, simplest, and most dependable one remains a challenge. Lately, surface texturing via laser ablation has been used in a variety of investigations, demonstrating its significant potential for enhancing the pool boiling heat transfer performance. In this research, the nucleate pool boiling heat transfer performance of laser-structured copper surfaces of different patterns was investigated. The bare copper surface serves as a reference to compare the performance of laser-structured surfaces. It was observed that the heat transfer coefficients were increased with the increase of surface area ratio and the ratio of the peak-to-valley height of the microstructure. Laser machined grain structure produced extra nucleation sites, which ultimately caused the improved pool boiling performance. Due to an increase in nucleation site density and surface area, the enhanced nucleate boiling served as the primary heat transfer mechanism. The pool boiling performance of the laser-structured copper surfaces is superior to the bare copper surface in all aspects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer%20coefficient" title="heat transfer coefficient">heat transfer coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20structuring" title=" laser structuring"> laser structuring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro%20structured%20surface" title=" micro structured surface"> micro structured surface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pool%20boiling" title=" pool boiling"> pool boiling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163989/experimental-investigation-of-nucleate-pool-boiling-heat-transfer-on-laser-structured-copper-surfaces-of-different-patterns" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/163989.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">382</span> Experimental Investigation of Nucleate Pool Boiling Heat Transfer on Laser-Structured Copper Surfaces of Different Patterns</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luvindran%20Sugumaran">Luvindran Sugumaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Nashrul%20Mohd%20Zubir"> Mohd Nashrul Mohd Zubir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazi%20Md%20Salim%20Newaz"> Kazi Md Salim Newaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tuan%20Zaharinie%20Tuan%20Zahari"> Tuan Zaharinie Tuan Zahari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suazlan%20Mt%20Aznam"> Suazlan Mt Aznam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aiman%20Mohd%20Halil"> Aiman Mohd Halil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With reference to Energy Roadmap 2050, the minimization of greenhouse gas emissions, and the enhancement of energy efficiency are the two key factors that could facilitate a radical change in the world's energy infrastructure. However, the energy demands of electronic devices skyrocketed with the advent of the digital age. Currently, the two-phase cooling technique based on phase change pool boiling heat transfer has received a lot of attention because of its potential to fully utilize the latent heat of the fluid and produce a highly effective heat dissipation capacity while keeping the equipment's operating temperature within an acceptable range. There are numerous strategies available for the alteration of heating surfaces, but to find the best, simplest, and most dependable one remains a challenge. Lately, surface texturing via laser ablation has been used in a variety of investigations, demonstrating its significant potential for enhancing the pool boiling heat transfer performance. In this research, the nucleate pool boiling heat transfer performance of laser-structured copper surfaces of different patterns was investigated. The bare copper surface serves as a reference to compare the performance of laser-structured surfaces. It was observed that the heat transfer coefficients were increased with the increase of surface area ratio and the ratio of the peak-to-valley height of the microstructure. Laser machined grain structure produced extra nucleation sites, which ultimately caused the improved pool boiling performance. Due to an increase in nucleation site density and surface area, the enhanced nucleate boiling served as the primary heat transfer mechanism. The pool boiling performance of the laser-structured copper surfaces is superior to the bare copper surface in all aspects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer%20coefficient" title="heat transfer coefficient">heat transfer coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20structuring" title=" laser structuring"> laser structuring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro%20structured%20surface" title=" micro structured surface"> micro structured surface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pool%20boiling" title=" pool boiling"> pool boiling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165129/experimental-investigation-of-nucleate-pool-boiling-heat-transfer-on-laser-structured-copper-surfaces-of-different-patterns" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165129.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">381</span> Experimental Investigation of Nucleate Pool Boiling Heat Transfer on Laser-Structured Copper Surfaces of Different Patterns</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luvindran%20Sugumaran">Luvindran Sugumaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Nashrul%20Mohd%20Zubir"> Mohd Nashrul Mohd Zubir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kazi%20Md.%20Salim%20Newaz"> Kazi Md. Salim Newaz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tuan%20Zaharinie%20Tuan%20Zahari"> Tuan Zaharinie Tuan Zahari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suazlan%20Mt%20Aznam"> Suazlan Mt Aznam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aiman%20Mohd%20Halil"> Aiman Mohd Halil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With reference to Energy Roadmap 2050, the minimization of greenhouse gas emissions and the enhancement of energy efficiency are the two key factors that could facilitate a radical change in the world's energy infrastructure. However, the energy demands of electronic devices skyrocketed with the advent of the digital age. Currently, the two-phase cooling technique based on phase change pool boiling heat transfer has received a lot of attention because of its potential to fully utilize the latent heat of the fluid and produce a highly effective heat dissipation capacity while keeping the equipment's operating temperature within an acceptable range. There are numerous strategies available for the alteration of heating surfaces, but to find the best, simplest, and most dependable one remains a challenge. Lately, surface texturing via laser ablation has been used in a variety of investigations, demonstrating its significant potential for enhancing the pool boiling heat transfer performance. In this research, the nucleate pool boiling heat transfer performance of laser-structured copper surfaces of different patterns was investigated. The bare copper surface serves as a reference to compare the performance of laser-structured surfaces. It was observed that the heat transfer coefficients were increased with the increase of surface area ratio and the ratio of the peak-to-valley height of the microstructure. Laser-machined grain structure produced extra nucleation sites, which ultimately caused the improved pool boiling performance. Due to an increase in nucleation site density and surface area, the enhanced nucleate boiling served as the primary heat transfer mechanism. The pool boiling performance of the laser-structured copper surfaces is superior to the bare copper surface in all aspects. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer%20coefficient" title="heat transfer coefficient">heat transfer coefficient</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20structuring" title=" laser structuring"> laser structuring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=micro%20structured%20surface" title=" micro structured surface"> micro structured surface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pool%20boiling" title=" pool boiling"> pool boiling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165173/experimental-investigation-of-nucleate-pool-boiling-heat-transfer-on-laser-structured-copper-surfaces-of-different-patterns" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165173.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">380</span> The Effect of Cooling Tower Fan on the Performance of the Chiller Plant</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ankitsinh%20Chauhan">Ankitsinh Chauhan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vimal%20Patel"> Vimal Patel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20D.%20Parekh"> A. D. Parekh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ishant%20patil"> Ishant patil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study delves into the crucial influence of cooling tower fan operation on the performance of a chiller plant, with a specific focus on the Chiller Plant at SVNIT. Continuous operation of the chiller plant led to unexpected damage to the cooling tower's belt drive, rendering the cooling tower fan non-operational. Consequently, the efficiency of heat transfer in the condenser was significantly impaired. In response, we analyzed and calculated several vital parameters, including the Coefficient of Performance (COP), heat rejection in the condenser (Qc), work required for the compressor (Wc), and heat absorbed by the refrigerant in the evaporator (Qe). Our findings revealed that in the absence of the cooling tower fan, relying solely on natural convection, the COP of the chiller plant reached a minimum value of 5.49. However, after implementing a belt drive to facilitate forced convection for the cooling tower fan, the COP of the chiller plant experienced a noteworthy improvement, reaching approximately 6.27. Additionally, the utilization of forced convection resulted in an impressive reduction of 8.9% in compressor work, signifying enhanced energy efficiency. This study underscores the critical role of cooling tower fan operation in optimizing chiller plant performance, with practical implications for energy-efficient HVAC systems. It highlights the potential benefits of employing forced convection mechanisms, such as belt drives, to ensure efficient heat transfer in the condenser, ultimately contributing to improved energy utilization and reduced operational costs in cooling. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooling%20tower" title="cooling tower">cooling tower</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chiller%20Plant" title=" chiller Plant"> chiller Plant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooling%20tower%20fan" title=" cooling tower fan"> cooling tower fan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title=" energy efficiency"> energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VCRS." title=" VCRS."> VCRS.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186647/the-effect-of-cooling-tower-fan-on-the-performance-of-the-chiller-plant" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186647.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">40</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">379</span> Simulation of Single-Track Laser Melting on IN718 using Material Point Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Kadiyala">S. Kadiyala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Berzins"> M. Berzins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Juba"> D. Juba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20Keyrouz"> W. Keyrouz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes the Material Point Method (MPM) for simulating a single-track laser melting process on an IN718 solid plate. MPM, known for simulating challenging multiphysics problems, is used to model the intricate thermal, mechanical, and fluid interactions during the laser sintering process. This study analyzes the formation of single tracks, exploring the impact of varying laser parameters such as speed, power, and spot diameter on the melt pool and track formation. The focus is on MPM’s ability to accurately simulate and capture the transient thermo-mechanical and phase change phenomena, which are critical in predicting the cooling rates before and after solidification of the laser track and the final melt pool geometry. The simulation results are rigorously compared with experimental data (AMB2022 benchmarks), demonstrating the effectiveness of MPM in replicating the physical processes in laser sintering. This research highlights the potential of MPM in advancing the understanding and simulation of melt pool physics in metal additive manufacturing, paving the way for optimized process parameters and improved material performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dditive%20manufacturing%20simulation" title="dditive manufacturing simulation">dditive manufacturing simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=material%20point%20method" title=" material point method"> material point method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phase%20change" title=" phase change"> phase change</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=melt%20pool%20physics" title=" melt pool physics"> melt pool physics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177736/simulation-of-single-track-laser-melting-on-in718-using-material-point-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177736.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">59</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pool%20condenser&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pool%20condenser&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pool%20condenser&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pool%20condenser&page=5">5</a></li> <li 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