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We next develop two positive accounts of assertion, one in terms of belief-expression, the other in terms of commitment, neither of which requires what we shall term extra-semantic conventions. From there we consider two recent defenses of a form of conventionalism offered by Stainton (2016) and Jary (this volume), showing that neither succeeds in its aim. The lesson that we may draw from the failure of these arguments it that assertion is facilitated by, but does not crucially rely on, extra-semantic conventions.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Mitch Green"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2017-12-05","dateModified":"2020-05-08","datePublished":"2020-01-01","headline":"Assertion and Convention","inLanguage":"en","keywords":["Pragmatics","Norms of assertion","Assertion (and other linguistic actions)","Pragmatics, Speech Acts, Non-verbal Communication","Theory of Speech Acts"],"locationCreated":null,"publication":"S. Goldberg (ed.) 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window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":35350249,"created_at":"2017-12-05T16:06:39.423-08:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2024-11-13T21:06:06.612-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"In light of a view of assertion as a product of cultural evolution, we disentangle a number of distinct questions that might be raised concerning the relation of assertion to convention. We next develop two positive accounts of assertion, one in terms of belief-expression, the other in terms of commitment, neither of which requires what we shall term extra-semantic conventions. From there we consider two recent defenses of a form of conventionalism offered by Stainton (2016) and Jary (this volume), showing that neither succeeds in its aim. The lesson that we may draw from the failure of these arguments it that assertion is facilitated by, but does not crucially rely on, extra-semantic conventions.","page_numbers":"347-370","publication_date":"2020,,","publication_name":"S. Goldberg (ed.) Oxford Handbook of Assertion"},"document_type":"draft","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Assertion and Convention","broadcastable":true,"draft":true,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [33347]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":74338770,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Assertion and Convention”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/74338770/mini_magick20211107-17771-6i2vf6.png?1636330693" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Assertion and Convention</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33347" href="https://uconn.academia.edu/MitchGreen"><img alt="Profile image of Mitch Green" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/33347/81935/15769381/s65_mitch.green.jpg" />Mitch Green</a></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">2020, S. Goldberg (ed.) Oxford Handbook of Assertion</p><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">In light of a view of assertion as a product of cultural evolution, we disentangle a number of distinct questions that might be raised concerning the relation of assertion to convention. We next develop two positive accounts of assertion, one in terms of belief-expression, the other in terms of commitment, neither of which requires what we shall term extra-semantic conventions. From there we consider two recent defenses of a form of conventionalism offered by Stainton (2016) and Jary (this volume), showing that neither succeeds in its aim. The lesson that we may draw from the failure of these arguments it that assertion is facilitated by, but does not crucially rely on, extra-semantic conventions.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":74338770,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/35350249/Assertion_and_Convention"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":74338770,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/35350249/Assertion_and_Convention"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="74338770" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/35350249/Assertion_and_Convention" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="44861773" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44861773/Assertion_A_Pragmatic_Genealogy">Assertion: A Pragmatic Genealogy</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="503638" href="https://uhk.academia.edu/LadislavKoren">Ladislav Koren</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">In: Social Institution of Discursive Norms. Routledge. Eds. Leo Townsend. Hans Bernhard Schmid, Preston Stovall, 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">So-called dialectical approaches offer an attractive account of assertions as embedded in a larger norm-governed practice of reasoned discourse. But their proponents have rarely asked about what function such a practice could have fulfilled in the lives of human beings that could explain why those beings could have elaborated it. In this chapter I address this challenge by reconstructing a pragmatic genealogy of assertoric practice and its intimate relation to reasoned discourse. Taking inspiration from the recent “state of nature epistemology,” I describe a discursive state of nature inhabited by simple yet already sociable human beings who stand to benefit from coordination, cooperation and communication. I then reconsider why and how creatures could be under pressure to elaborate a communicative practice with the characteristic features that prominent dialectical accounts attribute to assertions. Finally, I show how that account can accommodate a number of characteristic features - social, normative, epistemic - that assertions might be claimed to have.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Assertion: A Pragmatic Genealogy","attachmentId":65371792,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44861773/Assertion_A_Pragmatic_Genealogy","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/44861773/Assertion_A_Pragmatic_Genealogy"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="72325140" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72325140/Assertion_and_its_Social_Significance_An_Introduction">Assertion and its Social Significance: An Introduction</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="3234823" href="https://unisr.academia.edu/BiancaCepollaro">Bianca Cepollaro</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper offers a brief survey of the philosophical literature on assertion, presenting each contribution to this special issue within the context of the contemporary debate in which it intervenes. The discussion is organised into three thematic sections. The first one concerns the nature of assertion and its relation with assertoric commitment – the distinctive responsibility that the speaker undertakes in virtue of making a statement. The second section considers the epistemic significance of assertion, exploring the role that assertion plays in the transmission of knowledge, the epistemic constraints that regulate it, and its relation with truth. The third section deals with communicative content that goes beyond what is literally asserted: implicatures, metaphors and expressive meaning.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Assertion and its Social Significance: An Introduction","attachmentId":81296860,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/72325140/Assertion_and_its_Social_Significance_An_Introduction","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/72325140/Assertion_and_its_Social_Significance_An_Introduction"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="121556134" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/121556134/Assertion_and_its_social_significance">Assertion and its social significance</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4809835" href="https://units.academia.edu/PaoloLabinaz">Paolo Labinaz</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2019</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Assertion and its social significance","attachmentId":116401142,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/121556134/Assertion_and_its_social_significance","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/121556134/Assertion_and_its_social_significance"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="99597966" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/99597966/On_the_Genealogy_and_Potential_Abuse_of_Assertoric_Norms">On the Genealogy and Potential Abuse of Assertoric Norms</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33347" href="https://uconn.academia.edu/MitchGreen">Mitch Green</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Topoi, 2023</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">After briefly laying out a cultural-evolutionary approach to speech acts (Sects. 1–2), I argue that the notion of commitment at play in assertion and related speech acts comprises multiple dimensions (Sect.3). Distinguishing such dimensions ena- bles us to hypothesize evolutionary precursors to the modern practice of assertion, and facilitates a new way of posing the question whether, and if so to what extent, speech acts are conventional (Sect.4). Our perspective also equips us to consider how a modern speaker might employ an illocutionary analogue of A.N. Prior’s “runabout-inference ticket”, in which the pragmatic “introduction rules” for utterances correspond to evolutionary precursors of modern speech acts, but in which the “elimination rules” correspond to their modern descendants (Sect.5). Such behavior would be abusive, though not in a way readily discernible without an evolutionary perspective on speech acts that attends to the dimensions of commitment that they encompass. Such behavior also raises the question how we may safeguard against it in public discourse, and I close (Sect.6) with some suggestions for doing so.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"On the Genealogy and Potential Abuse of Assertoric Norms","attachmentId":100736199,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/99597966/On_the_Genealogy_and_Potential_Abuse_of_Assertoric_Norms","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/99597966/On_the_Genealogy_and_Potential_Abuse_of_Assertoric_Norms"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="92032075" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/92032075/Assertion_The_Constitutive_Norms_View">Assertion: The Constitutive Norms View</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="29249411" href="https://glasgow.academia.edu/MonaSimion">Mona Simion</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Oxford Handbook of Assertion, 2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Two important philosophical questions about assertion concern its nature and normativity. This article defends the optimism about the constitutive norm account of assertion and sets out a constitutivity thesis that is much more modest than that proposed by Timothy Williamson. It starts by looking at the extant objections to Williamson’s Knowledge Account of Assertion (KAA) and argues that they fail to hit their target in virtue of imposing implausible conditions on engaging in norm-constituted activities. Second, it makes a similar proposal and shows how it does better than the competition. It suggests that Knowledge Norm of Assertion (KNA) is not constitutive of the speech act of assertion in the same way in which rules of games are constitutive, and thus KAA comes out as too strong. The final section embarks on a rescue mission on behalf of KAA; it puts forth a weaker, functionalist constitutivity thesis. On this view, KNA is etiologically constitutively associated with the speech...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Assertion: The Constitutive Norms View","attachmentId":95151579,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/92032075/Assertion_The_Constitutive_Norms_View","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/92032075/Assertion_The_Constitutive_Norms_View"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="29097539" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29097539/Asserting_as_Commitment_to_Knowing_An_Essay_on_the_Normativity_of_Assertion">Asserting as Commitment to Knowing. An Essay on the Normativity of Assertion</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="54891330" href="https://ub.academia.edu/IvanMili%C4%87">Ivan Milić</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">PhD dissertation , 2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">In this thesis, I propose and defend a theory according to which committing oneself to knowing the proposition expressed counts as an assertion of that proposition. A consequence of this view is the knowledge account of assertion, according to which one asserts that p correctly only if one knows that p. In support of this approach, I offer a strategy of identifying an assertion’s “normative consequences”, types of act that normally take place as a result of one’s making an assertion incorrectly. I outline two such phenomena: retraction and disavowal of knowledge. In continuation, I put the theory to test and critically examine four sets of objections against it, arguing that it can convincingly defuse them. Finally, I discuss two related issues: I maintain that by performing “aesthetic assertions” one also normally performs a non-assertoric speech act of recommendation, and argue for the possibility of “non-linguistic assertions”, whose content is expressed by gestures in appropriate contexts</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Asserting as Commitment to Knowing. An Essay on the Normativity of Assertion","attachmentId":49545660,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/29097539/Asserting_as_Commitment_to_Knowing_An_Essay_on_the_Normativity_of_Assertion","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/29097539/Asserting_as_Commitment_to_Knowing_An_Essay_on_the_Normativity_of_Assertion"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="28610217" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28610217/Assertion_Oxford_Handbooks_Online_2017_">'Assertion' (Oxford Handbooks Online, 2017)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33347" href="https://uconn.academia.edu/MitchGreen">Mitch Green</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Assertion is here approached as a social practice developed through cultural evolution. This perspective will facilitate inquiry into the questions what role assertion plays in communicative life, what norms it is subject to, and whether every viable linguistic community must have a practice of assertion. Our evolutionary perspective will, further, enable us to ask how assertion relates to other communicative practices such as conversational implicature, indirect speech acts, presupposition, and, more broadly, the kinematics of conversation. It will also motivate a resolution of debates between conventionalist and intentionalist approaches to this speech act by explaining how those who make assertions can embody their intentions to perform an act of a certain kind. We will close with a discussion of how assertoric practice can be compromised by patterns of malfeasance on the part of a speaker and by injustice within her milieu.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"'Assertion' (Oxford Handbooks Online, 2017)","attachmentId":74338937,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/28610217/Assertion_Oxford_Handbooks_Online_2017_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/28610217/Assertion_Oxford_Handbooks_Online_2017_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="3276728" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3276728/Against_Normative_Accounts_of_Assertion">Against Normative Accounts of Assertion</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="231582" href="https://su-se.academia.edu/PeterPagin">Peter Pagin</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Against Normative Accounts of Assertion","attachmentId":50369494,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/3276728/Against_Normative_Accounts_of_Assertion","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/3276728/Against_Normative_Accounts_of_Assertion"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="17525761" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17525761/Normative_accounts_of_assertion_from_Peirce_to_Williamson_and_back_again">Normative accounts of assertion: from Peirce to Williamson, and back again</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="266136" href="https://uned.academia.edu/NeriMarsili">Neri Marsili</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Rivista Italiana di Filosofia del Linguaggio, 2015</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Arguably, a theory of assertion should be able to provide (i) a definition of assertion, and (ii) a set of conditions for an assertion to be appropriate. This paper reviews two strands of theories that have attempted to meet this challenge. Commitment-based accounts à la Peirce define assertion in terms of commitment to the truth of the proposition. Restriction-based accounts à la Williamson define assertion in terms of the conditions for its appropriate performance. After assessing the suitability of these projects to meet the desiderata of a theory of assertion, I argue that a speech act theoretic account à la Searle is more suitable for this purpose: it integrates the core intuitions of both restriction-based and commitment-based accounts while avoiding their respective problems, and has the further advantage of determining how assertion fits into a more general theory of illocutionary acts.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Normative accounts of assertion: from Peirce to Williamson, and back again","attachmentId":39558872,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/17525761/Normative_accounts_of_assertion_from_Peirce_to_Williamson_and_back_again","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/17525761/Normative_accounts_of_assertion_from_Peirce_to_Williamson_and_back_again"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="31376548" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31376548/An_instrumental_account_of_the_knowledge_directedness_of_assertion">An instrumental account of the knowledge-directedness of assertion</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4213735" href="https://zju.academia.edu/DavideFassio">Davide Fassio</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Some philosophers have recently argued that a normative relation obtains between assertion and knowledge. According to this view, the practice of assertion is constitutively governed by a knowledge-norm which commits an asserter to assert only what she knows. The aim of this article is to suggest an alternative interpretation of the relation between assertion and knowledge. I suggest interpreting such a relation in instrumental rather than normative terms. According to such an interpretation, an asserter must assert only what she knows not because of a norm constitutively regulating the practice of assertion, but because asserting only what is known is a necessary means by which assertion fulfils its intrinsic aim of communicating information. I also consider one of the most straightforward arguments advanced in support of the normativist account of assertion, namely the ability of explaining certain conversational patterns of ordinary language. I argue that the instrumental interpretation is able to explain the same linguistic intuitions considered by the argument, and to account for other linguistic intuitions not settled by the normativist interpretation.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"An instrumental account of the knowledge-directedness of assertion","attachmentId":51753222,"attachmentType":"doc","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31376548/An_instrumental_account_of_the_knowledge_directedness_of_assertion","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/31376548/An_instrumental_account_of_the_knowledge_directedness_of_assertion"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":74338770,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":74338770,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_74338770" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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