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cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Language</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=GEOS+%288-bit+operating+system%29" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Watch</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=GEOS_(8-bit_operating_system)&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the GEOS home computer operating system. For the PC/x86 based system, see <a href="/wiki/GEOS_(16-bit_operating_system)" title="GEOS (16-bit operating system)">GEOS (16-bit operating system)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p><b>GEOS</b> (<i><b>G</b>raphic <b>E</b>nvironment <b>O</b>perating <b>S</b>ystem</i>) is a discontinued <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> from <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Softworks" title="Berkeley Softworks">Berkeley Softworks</a> (later <a href="/wiki/GeoWorks" class="mw-redirect" title="GeoWorks">GeoWorks</a>). Originally designed for the <a href="/wiki/Commodore_64" title="Commodore 64">Commodore 64</a> with its version being released in 1986, enhanced versions of GEOS later became available in 1987 for the <a href="/wiki/Commodore_128" title="Commodore 128">Commodore 128</a> and in 1988 for the <a href="/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II">Apple II</a>. A lesser-known version was also released for the <a href="/wiki/Commodore_Plus/4" title="Commodore Plus/4">Commodore Plus/4</a>. </p><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">GEOS</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GEOS_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/GEOS_logo.svg/250px-GEOS_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="54" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/GEOS_logo.svg/375px-GEOS_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/GEOS_logo.svg/500px-GEOS_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="488" data-file-height="106"></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GeOS_Commodore_64.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="GEOS for the Commodore 64"><img alt="GEOS for the Commodore 64" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e2/GeOS_Commodore_64.gif" decoding="async" width="320" height="200" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="200"></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">GEOS for the <a href="/wiki/Commodore_64" title="Commodore 64">Commodore 64</a>. Mimicking Commodore's own OS core naming, Berkeley called GEOS' core a "<a href="/wiki/KERNAL" title="KERNAL">kernal</a>" (<i>cf</i>. kern<u>e</u>l).</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Softworks" title="Berkeley Softworks">Berkeley Softworks</a><br>(later <a href="/wiki/GeoWorks" class="mw-redirect" title="GeoWorks">GeoWorks</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programming_language" title="Programming language">Written in</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Assembly_language" title="Assembly language">Assembly language</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Working state</th><td class="infobox-data">Discontinued, historic</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">1986<span class="noprint">; 38 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1986</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Latest release</a></th><td class="infobox-data">GEOS 2.0</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_language" title="Natural language">Available in</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Platforms</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Commodore_64" title="Commodore 64">Commodore 64</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commodore_128" title="Commodore 128">Commodore 128</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commodore_Plus/4" title="Commodore Plus/4">Plus/4</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II">Apple II</a>, MEGA65</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/User_interface" title="User interface">Default<br>user interface</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">Graphical user interface</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary software</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>GEOS closely resembles early versions of the <a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">classic Mac OS</a> and includes a graphical <a href="/wiki/Word_processor" title="Word processor">word processor</a> (geoWrite) and <a href="/wiki/Computer_graphics" title="Computer graphics">paint program</a> (geoPaint). </p><p>A December 1987 survey by the Commodore-dedicated magazine <i><a href="/wiki/Compute!%27s_Gazette" title="Compute!'s Gazette">Compute!'s Gazette</a></i> found that nearly half of respondents used GEOS.<sup id="cite_ref-elko198805_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-elko198805-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 4">: 4 </span></sup> For many years, <a href="/wiki/Commodore_International" title="Commodore International">Commodore</a> bundled GEOS with its redesigned and cost-reduced C64, the C64C. At its peak, GEOS was the third-most-popular microcomputer operating system in the world in terms of units shipped, trailing only <a href="/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a> and Mac OS (besides the original Commodore 64's <a href="/wiki/KERNAL" title="KERNAL">KERNAL</a>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Other GEOS-compatible software packages were available from Berkeley Softworks or from third parties, including a reasonably sophisticated <a href="/wiki/Desktop_publishing" title="Desktop publishing">desktop publishing</a> application called geoPublish and a spreadsheet called geoCalc. While geoPublish is not as sophisticated as <a href="/wiki/Adobe_PageMaker" title="Adobe PageMaker">Aldus Pagemaker</a> and geoCalc not as sophisticated as <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Excel" title="Microsoft Excel">Microsoft Excel</a>, the packages provide reasonable functionality, and <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Softworks" title="Berkeley Softworks">Berkeley Softworks</a> founder <a href="/wiki/Brian_P._Dougherty" title="Brian P. Dougherty">Brian Dougherty</a> claimed the company ran its business <a href="/wiki/Eating_one%27s_own_dog_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Eating one's own dog food">using its own software</a> on Commodore 8-bit computers for several years. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Development"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Development</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#GEOS_versions"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">GEOS versions</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Reverse_engineering_efforts"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Reverse engineering efforts</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#GEOS_products_and_applications"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">GEOS products and applications</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Reception"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Reception</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Further_reading"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Further reading</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=GEOS_(8-bit_operating_system)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Development" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Softworks" title="Berkeley Softworks">Berkeley Softworks</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brian_P._Dougherty_(1987)_-_restored.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Brian_P._Dougherty_%281987%29_-_restored.jpg/220px-Brian_P._Dougherty_%281987%29_-_restored.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1137" data-file-height="912"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 176px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Brian_P._Dougherty_%281987%29_-_restored.jpg/220px-Brian_P._Dougherty_%281987%29_-_restored.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="176" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Brian_P._Dougherty_%281987%29_-_restored.jpg/330px-Brian_P._Dougherty_%281987%29_-_restored.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Brian_P._Dougherty_%281987%29_-_restored.jpg/440px-Brian_P._Dougherty_%281987%29_-_restored.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Brian_P._Dougherty" title="Brian P. Dougherty">Brian P. Dougherty</a>, founder of Berkeley Softworks.</figcaption></figure> <p>Written by a group of programmers at <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Softworks" title="Berkeley Softworks">Berkeley Softworks</a>, the GEOS Design Team:<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jim DeFrisco, Dave Durran, Michael Farr, Doug Fults, Chris Hawley, Clayton Jung, and Tony Requist, led by Dougherty, who cut their teeth on limited-resource <a href="/wiki/Video_game_console" title="Video game console">video game machines</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Atari_2600" title="Atari 2600">Atari 2600</a>, GEOS was revered<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> for what it could accomplish on machines with 64–128 <a href="/wiki/Kilobyte" title="Kilobyte">kB</a> of <a href="/wiki/Random_access_memory" class="mw-redirect" title="Random access memory">RAM</a> memory and 1–2 <a href="/wiki/Megahertz" class="mw-redirect" title="Megahertz">MHz</a> of 8-bit processing power. </p><p>Unlike many pieces of <a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">proprietary software</a> for the C64 and C128, GEOS takes full advantage of many of the add-ons and improvements available for these systems. Commodore's <a href="/wiki/Commodore_1351" title="Commodore 1351">1351 mouse</a> is supported by GEOS, as are its various <a href="/wiki/Commodore_REU" title="Commodore REU">RAM expansion units</a>. GEOS 128 also fully supports the C128's 640×200 high-resolution <a href="/wiki/MOS_Technology_8563" title="MOS Technology 8563">VDC</a> display mode through a compatible <a href="/wiki/RGB" class="mw-redirect" title="RGB">RGB</a> monitor. </p><p>The C64 version of GEOS incorporates a built-in <a href="/wiki/Fast_loader" title="Fast loader">fast loader</a>, called <i>diskTurbo</i>, that significantly increases the speed of drive access on the slow <a href="/wiki/Commodore_1541" title="Commodore 1541">1541</a>. GEOS is the first Commodore software that could use a floppy disk as <a href="/wiki/Swap_space" class="mw-redirect" title="Swap space">swap space</a> or <a href="/wiki/Virtual_memory" title="Virtual memory">virtual memory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> GEOS 128 can take advantage of the C128's enhanced "burst mode" in conjunction with the <a href="/wiki/Commodore_1571" title="Commodore 1571">1571</a> and <a href="/wiki/Commodore_1581" title="Commodore 1581">1581</a> drives. The Commodore version of GEOS uses a <a href="/wiki/Copy_protection" title="Copy protection">copy protection</a> scheme that renders users' disks unbootable if it detects that the disk has been illegally duplicated.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Via Berkeley's special geoCable interface converter or other third-party interfaces to connect standard <a href="/wiki/RS-232" title="RS-232">RS-232</a> or <a href="/wiki/Centronics" title="Centronics">Centronics</a> printers to the Commodore serial bus, GEOS supports a wide variety of printers, including <a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">HP</a> <a href="/wiki/Printer_Control_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Printer Control Language">PCL</a> printers and the <a href="/wiki/Apple_LaserWriter" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple LaserWriter">Apple LaserWriter</a>. This ability to print to high-end printers was a major factor in making GEOS a desktop publishing platform. </p><p>The Apple II version of GEOS was released as <a href="/wiki/Freeware" title="Freeware">freeware</a> in August 2003. The Commodore 64/128 versions followed in February 2004. </p><p>The latest GEOS desktop suite for IBM PC compatibles is <a href="/wiki/Breadbox_Ensemble" class="mw-redirect" title="Breadbox Ensemble">Breadbox Ensemble</a>. Revivals were seen in the <a href="/wiki/OmniGo" class="mw-redirect" title="OmniGo">OmniGo</a> handhelds, <a href="/wiki/Brother_Industries" title="Brother Industries">Brother</a> GeoBook line of laptop-appliances, and the <a href="/wiki/NewDeal_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="NewDeal Office">NewDeal Office</a> package for PCs. Related code found its way to earlier "Zoomer" PDAs, creating an unclear lineage to <a href="/wiki/Palm,_Inc." title="Palm, Inc.">Palm, Inc.</a>'s later work. <a href="/wiki/Nokia" title="Nokia">Nokia</a> used GEOS as a base operating system for their <a href="/wiki/Nokia_Communicator" title="Nokia Communicator">Nokia Communicator</a> series, before switching to <a href="/wiki/EPOC_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="EPOC (computing)">EPOC</a> (<a href="/wiki/Symbian" title="Symbian">Symbian</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="GEOS_versions">GEOS versions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=GEOS_(8-bit_operating_system)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: GEOS versions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GEOS_floppy.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/GEOS_floppy.jpg/220px-GEOS_floppy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="538" data-file-height="506"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 207px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/GEOS_floppy.jpg/220px-GEOS_floppy.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="207" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/GEOS_floppy.jpg/330px-GEOS_floppy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/GEOS_floppy.jpg/440px-GEOS_floppy.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Floppy disk containing GEOS for Commodore 64C (1986)</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>1986: GEOS for Commodore 64</li> <li>1987: GEOS for Commodore C128, Commodore Plus/4 (unofficial)</li> <li>1988: GEOS for Apple II, GEOS V2.0 for Commodore C64, GEOS V2.1 for Apple II</li> <li>1989: GEOS V2.0 for Commodore C128<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2022: GEOS for Atari (unofficial)<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reverse_engineering_efforts">Reverse engineering efforts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=GEOS_(8-bit_operating_system)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Reverse engineering efforts" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>On August 19, 2016, Michael Steil posted in his blog<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that the source code for GEOS 2.0 for Commodore C64 had been fully reverse-engineered and suitable for the cc65 compiler suite. The reverse-engineered source code has been made available at <a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="GEOS_products_and_applications">GEOS products and applications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=GEOS_(8-bit_operating_system)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: GEOS products and applications" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:C64_Geopaint.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/84/C64_Geopaint.png/200px-C64_Geopaint.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="125" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="319" data-file-height="200"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 125px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/84/C64_Geopaint.png/200px-C64_Geopaint.png" data-width="200" data-height="125" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/84/C64_Geopaint.png/300px-C64_Geopaint.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/84/C64_Geopaint.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>geoPaint screenshot</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:C64_Hires-Grafik_von_Flensburgs_Nordertor_die_ich_damals_mit_GEOS_64_(GeoPaint)_pixelte_(Version_ohne_den_Border).gif" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/C64_Hires-Grafik_von_Flensburgs_Nordertor_die_ich_damals_mit_GEOS_64_%28GeoPaint%29_pixelte_%28Version_ohne_den_Border%29.gif/200px-C64_Hires-Grafik_von_Flensburgs_Nordertor_die_ich_damals_mit_GEOS_64_%28GeoPaint%29_pixelte_%28Version_ohne_den_Border%29.gif" decoding="async" width="200" height="125" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="200"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 125px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/C64_Hires-Grafik_von_Flensburgs_Nordertor_die_ich_damals_mit_GEOS_64_%28GeoPaint%29_pixelte_%28Version_ohne_den_Border%29.gif/200px-C64_Hires-Grafik_von_Flensburgs_Nordertor_die_ich_damals_mit_GEOS_64_%28GeoPaint%29_pixelte_%28Version_ohne_den_Border%29.gif" data-width="200" data-height="125" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/C64_Hires-Grafik_von_Flensburgs_Nordertor_die_ich_damals_mit_GEOS_64_%28GeoPaint%29_pixelte_%28Version_ohne_den_Border%29.gif/300px-C64_Hires-Grafik_von_Flensburgs_Nordertor_die_ich_damals_mit_GEOS_64_%28GeoPaint%29_pixelte_%28Version_ohne_den_Border%29.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/C64_Hires-Grafik_von_Flensburgs_Nordertor_die_ich_damals_mit_GEOS_64_%28GeoPaint%29_pixelte_%28Version_ohne_den_Border%29.gif 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>A HiRes graphic of <a href="/wiki/Flensburg" title="Flensburg">Flensburg</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Nordertor" title="Nordertor">Nordertor</a> which was painted with geoPaint</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:C64_Geowrite.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f6/C64_Geowrite.png/200px-C64_Geowrite.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="125" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="200"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 125px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f6/C64_Geowrite.png/200px-C64_Geowrite.png" data-width="200" data-height="125" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f6/C64_Geowrite.png/300px-C64_Geowrite.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f6/C64_Geowrite.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>geoWrite screenshot</figcaption></figure> <p>Dozens of official and third-party applications and other products were produced for GEOS. Among the most important and popular were the following: </p> <ul><li>geoBASIC</li> <li>geoCable</li> <li>geoCalc</li> <li>geoChart</li> <li>geoDex</li> <li>geoDraw</li> <li>geoFAX</li> <li>geoFile</li> <li>geoFont</li> <li>geoLabel</li> <li>geoPaint</li> <li>geoPrint</li> <li>geoProgrammer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GeoPublish" title="GeoPublish">geoPublish</a></li> <li>geoSpell</li> <li>geoWrite</li> <li>geoWrite Workshop</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GeoRAM" title="GeoRAM">geoRAM</a></li> <li>Writer 64 (<a href="/wiki/Timeworks" title="Timeworks">Timeworks</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-guerra198905_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-guerra198905-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=GEOS_(8-bit_operating_system)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Reception" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Personal_Computer_World" title="Personal Computer World">Personal Computer World</a></i> in January 1987 favorably reviewed version 1.2 for the Commodore 64. The magazine approved of geoWrite ("you could easily be fooled into thinking that you were using <a href="/wiki/MacWrite" title="MacWrite">MacWrite</a>"), geoPaint, fastloader, and documentation, and concluded that "GEOS has given the C64 a complete face-lift and a new lease on life".<sup id="cite_ref-lumdsden198701_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lumdsden198701-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=GEOS_(8-bit_operating_system)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contiki" title="Contiki">Contiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GEOS_(16-bit_operating_system)" title="GEOS (16-bit operating system)">GEOS (16-bit operating system)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_computer_system_emulators" title="List of computer system emulators">List of computer system emulators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_operating_systems" title="List of operating systems">List of operating systems</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=GEOS_(8-bit_operating_system)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commodoremania.com/foro/index.php?topic=229.0">"GEOS en castellano"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GEOS+en+castellano&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommodoremania.com%2Fforo%2Findex.php%3Ftopic%3D229.0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGEOS+%288-bit+operating+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.retrocomputacion.com/forum/software_com/106008/geos-drean-commodore-version-1-2-manual-escaneado-ripeado-100/">"GEOS Drean Commodore version 1.2"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GEOS+Drean+Commodore+version+1.2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.retrocomputacion.com%2Fforum%2Fsoftware_com%2F106008%2Fgeos-drean-commodore-version-1-2-manual-escaneado-ripeado-100%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGEOS+%288-bit+operating+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-elko198805-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-elko198805_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElko1988" class="citation magazine cs1">Elko, Lance (1 May 1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/1988-05-computegazette/Compute_Gazette_Issue_59_1988_May#page/n4/mode/1up">"Editor's Notes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Compute!%27s_Gazette" title="Compute!'s Gazette">Compute!'s Gazette</a></i>. Vol. 6, no. 59. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0737-3716">0737-3716</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 February</span> 2021</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Compute%21%27s+Gazette&rft.atitle=Editor%27s+Notes&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=59&rft.date=1988-05-01&rft.issn=0737-3716&rft.aulast=Elko&rft.aufirst=Lance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2F1988-05-computegazette%2FCompute_Gazette_Issue_59_1988_May%23page%2Fn4%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGEOS+%288-bit+operating+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150923193521/http://www.bombjack.org/commodore/applications/GEOS_Users_Manual_V1.2.pdf"><i>GEOS User's Manual | Version 1.2</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Third ed.). <a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Softworks" title="Berkeley Softworks">Berkeley Softworks</a>. October 1986. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bombjack.org/commodore/applications/GEOS_Users_Manual_V1.2.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 23 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=GEOS+User%27s+Manual+%7C+Version+1.2&rft.edition=Third&rft.pub=Berkeley+Softworks&rft.date=1986-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bombjack.org%2Fcommodore%2Fapplications%2FGEOS_Users_Manual_V1.2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGEOS+%288-bit+operating+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/54813745/Run-Issue-30-1986-Jun">"GEOS: A Whole New World for your Commodore"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GEOS%3A+A+Whole+New+World+for+your+Commodore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdoc%2F54813745%2FRun-Issue-30-1986-Jun&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGEOS+%288-bit+operating+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/info-magazine-14/Info_Issue_14_1987_Spring_Summer#page/n9/mode/1up">"Info magazine Issue 14"</a>. 1987.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Info+magazine+Issue+14&rft.date=1987&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Finfo-magazine-14%2FInfo_Issue_14_1987_Spring_Summer%23page%2Fn9%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGEOS+%288-bit+operating+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guidebookgallery.org/timelines/geos">"GUIdebook > Timelines > GEOS/GeoWorks"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GUIdebook+%3E+Timelines+%3E+GEOS%2FGeoWorks&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guidebookgallery.org%2Ftimelines%2Fgeos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGEOS+%288-bit+operating+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/ytmytm/geos-atari">"Ytmytm/Geos-atari"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GitHub&rft.atitle=Ytmytm%2FGeos-atari&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fytmytm%2Fgeos-atari&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGEOS+%288-bit+operating+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pagetable.com/?p=869">"Reverse-Engineered GEOS 2.0 for C64 Source Code – pagetable.com"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reverse-Engineered+GEOS+2.0+for+C64+Source+Code+%E2%80%93+pagetable.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pagetable.com%2F%3Fp%3D869&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGEOS+%288-bit+operating+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/mist64/geos">GitHub - mist64/geos: Source code of GEOS 2.0 for the Commodore 64 and 128</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-guerra198905-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-guerra198905_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuerra,_Bob1989" class="citation news cs1">Guerra, Bob (May 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/1989-05-compute-magazine/Compute_Issue_108_1989_May#page/n79/mode/2up">"Writer 64"</a>. <i>Compute!</i>. p. 78<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Compute%21&rft.atitle=Writer+64&rft.pages=78&rft.date=1989-05&rft.au=Guerra%2C+Bob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2F1989-05-compute-magazine%2FCompute_Issue_108_1989_May%23page%2Fn79%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGEOS+%288-bit+operating+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lumdsden198701-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lumdsden198701_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLumsden1987" class="citation magazine cs1">Lumsden, Nik (January 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldradiohistory.com/UK/Personal-Computer-World/80s/PCW-1987-01-S-OCR.pdf">"GEOS"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Personal Computer World</i>. pp. 156–158<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Personal+Computer+World&rft.atitle=GEOS&rft.pages=156-158&rft.date=1987-01&rft.aulast=Lumsden&rft.aufirst=Nik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldradiohistory.com%2FUK%2FPersonal-Computer-World%2F80s%2FPCW-1987-01-S-OCR.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGEOS+%288-bit+operating+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=GEOS_(8-bit_operating_system)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarr1987" class="citation book cs1">Farr, Michael (15 February 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/officialgeosprog00farr"><i>The Official GEOS Programmer's Reference Guide. For Commodore 64/64C/128. Includes versions 1.0, 1.1, and 1.2</i></a>. Berkeley Softworks. <a href="/wiki/Bantam_Books" title="Bantam Books">Bantam Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0553344042" title="Special:BookSources/978-0553344042"><bdi>978-0553344042</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/16684486">16684486</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL7825792M">7825792M</a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Official+GEOS+Programmer%27s+Reference+Guide.+For+Commodore+64%2F64C%2F128.+Includes+versions+1.0%2C+1.1%2C+and+1.2&rft.pub=Bantam+Books&rft.date=1987-02-15&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F16684486&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL7825792M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=978-0553344042&rft.aulast=Farr&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fofficialgeosprog00farr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGEOS+%288-bit+operating+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTornsdorfKerkoh1988" class="citation book cs1">Tornsdorf, Manfred; Kerkoh, Rüdiger (1 May 1988). <i>GEOS Inside and Out: An introduction to GEOS, its applications and internals</i> (2nd ed.). Abacus Software Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0916439811" title="Special:BookSources/978-0916439811"><bdi>978-0916439811</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/18446175">18446175</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL11434890M">11434890M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=GEOS+Inside+and+Out%3A+An+introduction+to+GEOS%2C+its+applications+and+internals&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Abacus+Software+Inc&rft.date=1988-05-01&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F18446175&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL11434890M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=978-0916439811&rft.aulast=Tornsdorf&rft.aufirst=Manfred&rft.au=Kerkoh%2C+R%C3%BCdiger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGEOS+%288-bit+operating+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=GEOS_(8-bit_operating_system)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.breadbox.com">Breadbox</a> Home of the GEOS operating system (down, archived <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160113071052/http://www.breadbox.com/">here</a> at the Internet Archive)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zimmers.net/geos/GEOSFAQ.html">The Commodore GEOS FAQ v1.5.0</a> – By Bo Zimmermann</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://osnews.com/story.php/15223/GEOS-The-Graphical-Environment-Operating-System/">GEOS: The Graphical Operating System</a> A lengthy review of GEOS and its history</li></ul>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GEOS_(8-bit_operating_system)&oldid=1252323204">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GEOS_(8-bit_operating_system)&oldid=1252323204</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=GEOS_(8-bit_operating_system)&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="KD5TVI" data-user-gender="male" data-timestamp="1729457971"> <span>Last edited on 20 October 2024, at 20:59</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/GEOS" title="GEOS – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="GEOS" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/GEOS_(8-Bit-Betriebssystem)" title="GEOS (8-Bit-Betriebssystem) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="GEOS (8-Bit-Betriebssystem)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/GEOS" title="GEOS – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="GEOS" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/GEOS" title="GEOS – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="GEOS" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/GEOS_(8_bitu_oper%C4%93t%C4%81jsist%C4%93ma)" title="GEOS (8 bitu operētājsistēma) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="GEOS (8 bitu operētājsistēma)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geos_(software)" title="Geos (software) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Geos (software)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/GEOS" title="GEOS – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="GEOS" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/GEOS_(8_bits)" title="GEOS (8 bits) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="GEOS (8 bits)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/GEOS_(8-%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0)" title="GEOS (8-разрядная операционная система) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="GEOS (8-разрядная операционная система)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphic_Environment_Operating_System" title="Graphic Environment Operating System – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Graphic Environment Operating System" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; 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