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id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Desktop publishing</span></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Desktop_publishing" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.subject">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab "> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Desktop_publishing" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only 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1.6em!important;padding:0!important;width:auto;display:block}body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox.mbox-small-left{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text-span{display:list-item;line-height:1.5em;list-style-type:disc}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-image,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-imageright,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-empty-cell,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}</style><table class="box-Multiple_issues plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>This article has multiple issues.</b> Please help <b><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Desktop_publishing" title="Special:EditPage/Desktop publishing">improve it</a></b> or discuss these issues on the <b><a href="/wiki/Talk:Desktop_publishing" title="Talk:Desktop publishing">talk page</a></b>. <small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these messages</a>)</i></small> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Desktop_publishing" title="Special:EditPage/Desktop publishing">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Desktop+publishing%22">"Desktop publishing"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Desktop+publishing%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Desktop+publishing%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Desktop+publishing%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Desktop+publishing%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Desktop+publishing%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Desktop_publishing&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Desktop publishing</b> (<b>DTP</b>) is the creation of documents using dedicated <a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a> on a personal ("desktop") <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">computer</a>. It was first used almost exclusively for print publications, but now it also assists in the creation of various forms of online content.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Desktop publishing software can generate <a href="/wiki/Page_layout" title="Page layout">page layouts</a> and produce text and image <a href="/wiki/Content_(media)" class="mw-redirect" title="Content (media)">content</a> comparable to the simpler forms of traditional <a href="/wiki/Typography" title="Typography">typography</a> and <a href="/wiki/Printing" title="Printing">printing</a>. This technology allows individuals, businesses, and other organizations to self-publish a wide variety of content, from <a href="/wiki/Menu" title="Menu">menus</a> to magazines to books, without the expense of commercial printing.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Desktop publishing often requires the use of a <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computer</a> and <a href="/wiki/WYSIWYG" title="WYSIWYG">WYSIWYG</a> page layout software to create <a href="/wiki/Document" title="Document">documents</a> for either <a href="/wiki/Publishing" title="Publishing">large-scale publishing</a> or small-scale local printing and distribution – although non-WYSIWYG systems such as <a href="/wiki/TeX" title="TeX">TeX</a> and <a href="/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX">LaTeX</a> are also used, especially in <a href="/wiki/Scientific_literature" title="Scientific literature">scientific publishing</a>. Originally, desktop publishing methods provided more control over design, layout, and typography than <a href="/wiki/Word_processor" title="Word processor">word processing</a> software but the latter has evolved to include most, if not all, capabilities previously available only with dedicated desktop publishing software.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The same DTP skills and software used for common paper and book publishing are sometimes used to create graphics for <a href="/wiki/Point_of_sale_display" title="Point of sale display">point of sale displays</a>, <a href="/wiki/Presentation_slide" title="Presentation slide">presentations</a>, <a href="/wiki/Infographic" title="Infographic">infographics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brochure" title="Brochure">brochures</a>, <a href="/wiki/Business_card" title="Business card">business cards</a>, <a href="/wiki/Promotional_merchandise" title="Promotional merchandise">promotional items</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trade_show" title="Trade show">trade show exhibits</a>, <a href="/wiki/Packaging_and_labeling" class="mw-redirect" title="Packaging and labeling">retail package designs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Out-of-home_advertising" class="mw-redirect" title="Out-of-home advertising">outdoor signs</a>. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Terminology"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Terminology</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Comparisons"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Comparisons</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#With_word_processing"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">With word processing</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#With_other_digital_layout_software"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">With other digital layout software</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="#With_web_design"><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span> <span class="toctext">With web design</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Software"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Software</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#File_formats"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">File formats</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="#Sources"><span class="tocnumber">7.1</span> <span class="toctext">Sources</span></a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Desktop_publishing&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Desktop publishing was first developed at <a href="/wiki/PARC_(company)" title="PARC (company)">Xerox PARC</a> in the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A contradictory claim states that desktop publishing began in 1983 with a program developed by James Davise at a community newspaper in Philadelphia.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The program Type Processor One ran on a <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">PC</a> using a <a href="/wiki/Graphics_card" title="Graphics card">graphics card</a> for a <a href="/wiki/WYSIWYG" title="WYSIWYG">WYSIWYG</a> display and was offered commercially by Best Info in 1984.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Desktop <i><a href="/wiki/Typesetting" title="Typesetting">typesetting</a></i> with only limited page makeup facilities<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> arrived in 1978–1979 with the introduction of <a href="/wiki/TeX" title="TeX">TeX</a>, and was extended in 1985 with the introduction of <a href="/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX">LaTeX</a>. </p><p>The desktop publishing market took off in 1985 with the introduction in January of the Apple <a href="/wiki/LaserWriter" title="LaserWriter">LaserWriter</a> laser printer for the year-old <a href="/wiki/Mac_(computer)" title="Mac (computer)">Apple Macintosh</a> personal computer.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPfiffner200345_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPfiffner200345-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This momentum was kept up with the release that July of <a href="/wiki/Adobe_PageMaker" title="Adobe PageMaker">PageMaker</a> software from <a href="/wiki/Aldus_Corporation" title="Aldus Corporation">Aldus</a>, which rapidly became the standard software application for desktop publishing.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPfiffner200354_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPfiffner200354-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With its advanced layout features, PageMaker immediately relegated <a href="/wiki/Word_processor" title="Word processor">word processors</a> like <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Word" title="Microsoft Word">Microsoft Word</a> to the composition and editing of purely textual documents.<sup id="cite_ref-Angell_Page_411_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Angell_Page_411-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Word did not begin to acquire desktop publishing features until a decade later, and by 2003, it was regarded only as "good" and not "great" at desktop publishing tasks.<sup id="cite_ref-Angell_Page_412_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Angell_Page_412-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term "desktop publishing" is attributed to Aldus founder <a href="/wiki/Paul_Brainerd" title="Paul Brainerd">Paul Brainerd</a>, who sought a marketing catchphrase to describe the small size and relative affordability of this suite of products, in contrast to the expensive commercial <a href="/wiki/Phototypesetting" title="Phototypesetting">phototypesetting</a> equipment of the day.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPfiffner200349_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPfiffner200349-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before the advent of desktop publishing, the only option available to most people for producing typed documents (as opposed to handwritten documents) was a <a href="/wiki/Typewriter" title="Typewriter">typewriter</a>, which offered only a handful of typefaces (usually fixed-width) and one or two font sizes. Indeed, one popular desktop publishing book was titled <i>The Mac is Not a Typewriter</i>, and it had to actually explain how a Mac could do so much more than a typewriter.<sup id="cite_ref-Williams_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williams-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ability to create <a href="/wiki/WYSIWYG" title="WYSIWYG">WYSIWYG</a> page layouts on screen and then <a href="/wiki/Printing" title="Printing">print</a> pages containing text and graphical elements at 300 <a href="/wiki/Dots_per_inch" title="Dots per inch">dpi</a> resolution was a major development for the personal computer industry. The ability to do all this with industry standards like <a href="/wiki/PostScript" title="PostScript">PostScript</a> also radically changed the traditional publishing industry, which at the time was accustomed to buying end-to-end turnkey solutions for digital typesetting which came with their own proprietary hardware workstations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPfiffner200355_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPfiffner200355-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Newspapers and other print publications began to transition to DTP-based programs from older layout systems such as <a href="/wiki/Atex_(software)" title="Atex (software)">Atex</a> and other programs in the early 1980s. </p><p>Desktop publishing was still in its early stage in the early 1980s. Users of the PageMaker/LaserWriter/Macintosh 512K system endured frequent software crashes,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mac's low-resolution 512x342 1-bit <a href="/wiki/Monochrome" title="Monochrome">monochrome</a> screen, the inability to control <a href="/wiki/Letter_spacing" title="Letter spacing">letter spacing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerning" title="Kerning">kerning</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Typography" title="Typography">typographic features</a>, and the discrepancies between screen display and printed output. However, it was an unheard-of combination at the time, and was received with considerable acclaim.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPfiffner200354_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPfiffner200354-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Behind the scenes, technologies developed by <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Adobe Systems">Adobe Systems</a> set the foundation for professional desktop publishing applications. The LaserWriter and LaserWriter Plus printers included scalable Adobe <a href="/wiki/PostScript" title="PostScript">PostScript</a> fonts built into their <a href="/wiki/Read-only_memory" title="Read-only memory">ROM</a> memory. The LaserWriter's PostScript capability allowed publication designers to proof files on a local printer, then print the same file at DTP <a href="/wiki/Service_bureau" title="Service bureau">service bureaus</a> using <a href="/wiki/Optics" title="Optics">optical resolution</a> 600+ ppi PostScript printers such as those from <a href="/wiki/Linotronic" title="Linotronic">Linotronic</a>. </p><p>Later, the <a href="/wiki/Macintosh_II" title="Macintosh II">Macintosh II</a> was released, which was considerably more suitable for desktop publishing due to its greater expandability, support for large color <a href="/wiki/Multi-monitor" title="Multi-monitor">multi-monitor</a> displays, and its <a href="/wiki/SCSI" title="SCSI">SCSI</a> storage interface (which allowed hard drives to be attached to the system). Macintosh-based systems continued to dominate the market into 1986, when the <a href="/wiki/GEM_(desktop_environment)" title="GEM (desktop environment)">GEM</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Corel_Ventura" title="Corel Ventura">Ventura Publisher</a> was introduced for <a href="/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a> computers. PageMaker's pasteboard metaphor closely simulated the process of creating layouts manually, but Ventura Publisher automated the layout process through its use of tags and <a href="/wiki/Style_sheet_(desktop_publishing)" title="Style sheet (desktop publishing)">style sheets</a> and automatically generated indices and other body matter. This made it particularly suitable for the creation of manuals and other long-format documents. </p><p>Desktop publishing moved into the home market in 1986 with Professional Page for the <a href="/wiki/Amiga" title="Amiga">Amiga</a>, <a href="/wiki/PageStream" title="PageStream">Publishing Partner</a> (now PageStream) for the <a href="/wiki/Atari_ST" title="Atari ST">Atari ST</a>, GST's <a href="/wiki/Timeworks_Publisher" title="Timeworks Publisher">Timeworks Publisher</a> on the PC and Atari ST, and <a href="/wiki/Calamus_(DTP)" title="Calamus (DTP)">Calamus</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Atari_TT030" title="Atari TT030">Atari TT030</a>. Software was published even for 8-bit computers like the <a href="/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II">Apple II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Commodore_64" title="Commodore 64">Commodore 64</a>: Home Publisher, The Newsroom, and <a href="/wiki/GeoPublish" title="GeoPublish">geoPublish</a>. </p><p>During its early years, desktop publishing acquired a bad reputation as a result of untrained users who created poorly organized, unprofessional-looking "<a href="/wiki/Ransom_note_effect" title="Ransom note effect">ransom note effect</a>" layouts.<sup id="cite_ref-Angell_Page_411_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Angell_Page_411-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (Similar criticism was leveled again against early <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a> publishers a decade later.) However, some desktop publishers who mastered the programs were able to achieve near professional results. Desktop publishing skills were considered of primary importance in career advancement in the 1980s, but increased accessibility to more user-friendly DTP software has made DTP a secondary skill to <a href="/wiki/Art_director" title="Art director">art direction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Graphic_design" title="Graphic design">graphic design</a>, <a href="/wiki/Multimedia" title="Multimedia">multimedia</a> development, <a href="/wiki/Marketing_communications" title="Marketing communications">marketing communications</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Business_administration" title="Business administration">administrative careers</a>. DTP skill levels range from what may be learned in a couple of hours (e.g., learning how to put clip art in a word processor), to what's typically required in a college education. The discipline of DTP skills range from technical skills such as <a href="/wiki/Prepress" title="Prepress">prepress</a> production and programming, to creative skills such as <a href="/wiki/Communication_design" title="Communication design">communication design</a> and <a href="/wiki/Graphic_image_development" class="mw-redirect" title="Graphic image development">graphic image development</a>. </p><p>As of 2014<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Desktop_publishing&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, Apple computers remain dominant in publishing, even as the most popular software has changed from <a href="/wiki/QuarkXPress" title="QuarkXPress">QuarkXPress</a> – an estimated 95% market share in the 1990s – to <a href="/wiki/Adobe_InDesign" title="Adobe InDesign">Adobe InDesign</a>. An <a href="/wiki/Ars_Technica" title="Ars Technica">Ars Technica</a> writer said in an article: "I've heard about Windows-based publishing environments, but I've never actually seen one in my 20+ years in design and publishing".<sup id="cite_ref-girard20140113_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-girard20140113-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Desktop_publishing&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Terminology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>There are two types of pages in desktop publishing: <a href="/wiki/Digital_page" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital page">digital pages</a> and virtual paper pages to be printed on <a href="/wiki/Page_(paper)" title="Page (paper)">physical paper pages</a>. All computerized documents are technically digital, which are limited in size only by <a href="/wiki/Computer_memory" title="Computer memory">computer memory</a> or <a href="/wiki/Computer_data_storage" title="Computer data storage">computer data storage</a> space. Virtual paper pages will ultimately be <a href="/wiki/Printing" title="Printing">printed</a>, and will therefore require paper parameters coinciding with <a href="/wiki/Paper_size" title="Paper size">standard physical paper sizes</a> such as A4, letterpaper and legalpaper. Alternatively, the virtual paper page may require a custom size for later trimming. Some desktop publishing programs allow custom sizes designated for large format printing used in <a href="/wiki/Poster" title="Poster">posters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Billboard" title="Billboard">billboards</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trade_show_displays" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade show displays">trade show displays</a>. A virtual page for printing has a predesignated size of virtual printing material and can be viewed on a monitor in <a href="/wiki/WYSIWYG" title="WYSIWYG">WYSIWYG</a> format. Each page for printing has trim sizes (edge of paper) and a printable area if <a href="/wiki/Bleed_(printing)" title="Bleed (printing)">bleed printing</a> is not possible as is the case with most <a href="/wiki/Printer_(computing)" title="Printer (computing)">desktop printers</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Web_page" title="Web page">web page</a> is an example of a digital page that is not constrained by virtual paper parameters. Most digital pages may be dynamically re-sized, causing either the <a href="/wiki/Content_(media_and_publishing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Content (media and publishing)">content</a> to scale in size with the page or the content to <a href="/wiki/Reflowable_document" title="Reflowable document">re-flow</a>. </p><p>Master pages are templates used to automatically copy or link elements and graphic design styles to some or all the pages of a multipage document. Linked elements can be modified without having to change each instance of an element on pages that use the same element. Master pages can also be used to apply graphic design styles to automatic page numbering. <a href="/wiki/Cascading_Style_Sheets" class="mw-redirect" title="Cascading Style Sheets">Cascading Style Sheets</a> can provide the same global formatting functions for web pages that master pages provide for virtual paper pages. <a href="/wiki/Page_layout" title="Page layout">Page layout</a> is the process by which the elements are laid on the page orderly, aesthetically and precisely. The main types of components to be laid out on a page include <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/text" class="extiw" title="wikt:text">text</a>, linked <a href="/wiki/Image" title="Image">images</a> (that can only be modified as an external source), and embedded images (that may be modified with the layout application software). Some embedded images are <a href="/wiki/Artistic_rendering" class="mw-redirect" title="Artistic rendering">rendered</a> in the application software, while others can be placed from an external source image file. Text may be <a href="/wiki/Typing" title="Typing">keyed</a> into the layout, placed, or – with <a href="/wiki/Database_publishing" title="Database publishing">database publishing</a> applications – linked to an external source of text which allows multiple editors to develop a document at the same time. <a href="/wiki/Graphic_design" title="Graphic design">Graphic design</a> styles such as color, transparency and filters may also be applied to layout elements. <a href="/wiki/Typography" title="Typography">Typography</a> styles may be applied to text automatically with <a href="/wiki/Style_sheet_(desktop_publishing)" title="Style sheet (desktop publishing)">style sheets</a>. Some layout programs include style sheets for images in addition to text. Graphic styles for images may include border shapes, colors, transparency, filters, and a parameter designating the way text flows around the object (also known as "wraparound" or "runaround"). </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Comparisons">Comparisons</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Desktop_publishing&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Comparisons" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="With_word_processing">With word processing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Desktop_publishing&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: With word processing" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>As desktop publishing software still provides extensive features necessary for print publishing, modern word processors now have publishing capabilities beyond those of many older DTP applications, blurring the line between <a href="/wiki/Word_processor" title="Word processor">word processing</a> and desktop publishing. </p><p>In the early 1980s, the <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical user interface</a> was still in its embryonic stage and DTP software was in a class of its own when compared to the leading word processing applications of the time. Programs such as <a href="/wiki/WordPerfect" title="WordPerfect">WordPerfect</a> and <a href="/wiki/WordStar" title="WordStar">WordStar</a> were still mainly text-based and offered little in the way of page layout, other than perhaps margins and line spacing. On the other hand, word processing software was necessary for features like indexing and spell checking – features that are common in many applications today. As computers and operating systems became more powerful, versatile, and user-friendly in the 2010s, vendors have sought to provide users with a single application that can meet almost all their publication needs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="With_other_digital_layout_software">With other digital layout software</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Desktop_publishing&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: With other digital layout software" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>In earlier modern-day usage, DTP usually did not include digital tools such as <a href="/wiki/TeX" title="TeX">TeX</a> or <a href="/wiki/Troff" title="Troff">troff</a>, though both can easily be used on a modern desktop system, and are standard with many <a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a> operating systems and are readily available for other systems. The key difference between <a href="/wiki/Digital_typesetting" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital typesetting">digital typesetting</a> software and DTP software is that DTP software is generally interactive and "What you see [onscreen] is what you get" (<a href="/wiki/WYSIWYG" title="WYSIWYG">WYSIWYG</a>) in design, while other digital typesetting software, such as TeX, <a href="/wiki/LaTeX" title="LaTeX">LaTeX</a> and other variants, tend to operate in "<a href="/wiki/Batch_mode" class="mw-redirect" title="Batch mode">batch mode</a>", requiring the user to enter the processing program's <a href="/wiki/Markup_language" title="Markup language">markup language</a> (e.g. <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a>) without immediate visualization of the finished product. This kind of workflow is less user-friendly than WYSIWYG, but more suitable for conference proceedings and scholarly articles as well as corporate newsletters or other applications where consistent, automated layout is important. </p><p>In the 2010s, interactive front-end components of TeX, such as <a href="/wiki/TeXworks" title="TeXworks">TeXworks</a> and <a href="/wiki/LyX" title="LyX">LyX</a>, have produced "what you see is what you mean" (<a href="/wiki/WYSIWYM" title="WYSIWYM">WYSIWYM</a>) hybrids of DTP and batch processing.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These hybrids are focused more on the <a href="/wiki/Semantics" title="Semantics">semantics</a> than the traditional DTP. Furthermore, with the advent of TeX editors the line between desktop publishing and markup-based typesetting is becoming increasingly narrow as well; a software which separates itself from the TeX world and develops itself in the direction of WYSIWYG markup-based typesetting is <a href="/wiki/GNU_TeXmacs" title="GNU TeXmacs">GNU TeXmacs</a>. </p><p>On a different note, there is a slight overlap between desktop publishing and what is known as <a href="/wiki/Hypermedia" title="Hypermedia">hypermedia</a> publishing (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Web_design" title="Web design">web design</a>, kiosk, <a href="/wiki/CD-ROM" title="CD-ROM">CD-ROM</a>). Many graphical <a href="/wiki/HTML_editor" title="HTML editor">HTML editors</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_FrontPage" title="Microsoft FrontPage">Microsoft FrontPage</a> and <a href="/wiki/Adobe_Dreamweaver" title="Adobe Dreamweaver">Adobe Dreamweaver</a> use a layout engine similar to that of a DTP program. However, many web designers still prefer to write HTML without the assistance of a WYSIWYG editor, for greater control and ability to fine-tune the appearance and functionality. Another reason that some Web designers write in HTML is that WYSIWYG editors often result in excessive lines of code, leading to <a href="/wiki/Code_bloat" title="Code bloat">code bloat</a> that can make the pages hard to <a href="/wiki/Troubleshoot" class="mw-redirect" title="Troubleshoot">troubleshoot</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="With_web_design">With web design</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Desktop_publishing&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: With web design" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Desktop publishing produces primarily static print or <a href="/wiki/Digital_media" title="Digital media">digital media</a>, the focus of this article. Similar skills, processes, and terminology are used in <a href="/wiki/Web_design" title="Web design">web design</a>. Digital typography is the specialization of <a href="/wiki/Typography" title="Typography">typography</a> for desktop publishing. <a href="/wiki/Web_typography" title="Web typography">Web typography</a> addresses typography and the use of fonts on the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a>. <a href="/wiki/Style_sheet_(desktop_publishing)" title="Style sheet (desktop publishing)">Desktop style sheets</a> apply formatting for print, Web <a href="/wiki/Cascading_Style_Sheets" class="mw-redirect" title="Cascading Style Sheets">Cascading Style Sheets</a> (CSS) provide format control for web display. Web <a href="/wiki/Font_family_(HTML)" title="Font family (HTML)">HTML font families</a> map <a href="/wiki/Website" title="Website">website</a> font usage to the <a href="/wiki/Computer_font" title="Computer font">fonts</a> available on the user's <a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browser</a> or display device. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Software">Software</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Desktop_publishing&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Software" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_desktop_publishing_software" title="List of desktop publishing software">List of desktop publishing software</a>.</div> <p>A wide variety of DTP applications and websites are available and are listed separately. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="File_formats">File formats</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Desktop_publishing&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: File formats" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a more comprehensive list, see <a href="/wiki/List_of_desktop_publishing_file_formats" class="mw-redirect" title="List of desktop publishing file formats">List of desktop publishing file formats</a>.</div> <p>The design industry standard is <a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a>. The older <a href="/wiki/Encapsulated_PostScript" title="Encapsulated PostScript">EPS</a> format is also used and supported by most applications. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Desktop_publishing&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_desktop_publishing_software" title="Comparison of desktop publishing software">Comparison of desktop publishing software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_desktop_publishing_software" title="List of desktop publishing software">List of desktop publishing software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Document_processor" class="mw-redirect" title="Document processor">Document processor</a> – Device or computer program used for writing and editing documents<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camera-ready" title="Camera-ready">Camera-ready</a> – Document technically ready to print</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desktop_video" title="Desktop video">Desktop video</a> – Pre-digital video editing on PC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DTP_artist" title="DTP artist">DTP artist</a> – Desktop publishing worker</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-book" class="mw-redirect" title="E-book">E-book</a> – Book-length publication in digital form<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital publishing">Digital publishing</a> – Publishing and disseminating documents via electronic means<span style="display:none" class="category-annotation-with-redirected-description">Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_design" title="Web design">Web design</a> – Creation and maintenance of websites</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WYSIWYG" title="WYSIWYG">WYSIWYG</a> – Acronym for "what you see is what you get" in computing</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Desktop_publishing&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBear" class="citation web cs1">Bear, Jacci Howard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lifewire.com/what-is-desktop-publishing-1073862">"What's Involved in Desktop Publishing?"</a>. <i>Lifewire</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lifewire&rft.atitle=What%27s+Involved+in+Desktop+Publishing%3F&rft.aulast=Bear&rft.aufirst=Jacci+Howard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lifewire.com%2Fwhat-is-desktop-publishing-1073862&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesktop+publishing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuiter1988" class="citation book cs1">Ruiter, Maurice M. de (1988-04-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YlmafkntEqIC&q=desktop+publishing&pg=PA293"><i>Advances in Computer Graphics III</i></a>. Springer Science & Business Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783540187882" title="Special:BookSources/9783540187882"><bdi>9783540187882</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Advances+in+Computer+Graphics+III&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=1988-04-29&rft.isbn=9783540187882&rft.aulast=Ruiter&rft.aufirst=Maurice+M.+de&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYlmafkntEqIC%26q%3Ddesktop%2Bpublishing%26pg%3DPA293&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesktop+publishing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmanda_Presley2010" class="citation web cs1">Amanda Presley (2010-01-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brighthub.com/multimedia/publishing/articles/62697.aspx">"What Distinguishes Desktop Publishing From Word Processing?"</a>. <i>Bright Hub</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-05-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bright+Hub&rft.atitle=What+Distinguishes+Desktop+Publishing+From+Word+Processing%3F&rft.date=2010-01-28&rft.au=Amanda+Presley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brighthub.com%2Fmultimedia%2Fpublishing%2Farticles%2F62697.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesktop+publishing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinograd1996" class="citation book cs1">Winograd, Terry (1996). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bringingdesignto00wino"><i>Bringing Design to Software</i></a></span>. Addison-Wesley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0201854916" title="Special:BookSources/978-0201854916"><bdi>978-0201854916</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bringing+Design+to+Software&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0201854916&rft.aulast=Winograd&rft.aufirst=Terry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbringingdesignto00wino&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesktop+publishing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2002" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Steve (2002). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofne00jone"><i>Encyclopedia of New Media</i></a></span>. SAGE Publications. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofne00jone/page/127">127</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0761923824" title="Special:BookSources/978-0761923824"><bdi>978-0761923824</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+New+Media&rft.pages=127&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0761923824&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fencyclopediaofne00jone&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesktop+publishing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"What You See Is Pretty Close to What You Get: New h&j, pagination program for IBM PC, " Seybold Report on Publishing Systems, 13(10), February 13, 1984, pp. 21-2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Type-X '85: Fulfilling the Promise of the PC, " Seybold Report on Publishing Systems, 15(2) pp. 4-5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCasselman1992" class="citation news cs1">Casselman, Grace (November 2, 1992). "Desktop Publishing". <i>Computer Dealer News</i>. Vol. 8, no. 22 – via Gale Cengage Computer Database.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computer+Dealer+News&rft.atitle=Desktop+Publishing&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=22&rft.date=1992-11-02&rft.aulast=Casselman&rft.aufirst=Grace&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesktop+publishing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPfiffner200345-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPfiffner200345_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPfiffner2003">Pfiffner (2003)</a>, p. 45.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPfiffner200354-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPfiffner200354_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPfiffner200354_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPfiffner2003">Pfiffner (2003)</a>, p. 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Angell_Page_411-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Angell_Page_411_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Angell_Page_411_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAngellKent2003" class="citation book cs1">Angell, David; Kent, Peter (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LNkrzGkKuYkC&pg=PA411"><i>Word 2003 Bible</i></a>. Indianapolis: Wiley Publishing. p. 411. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780764555732" title="Special:BookSources/9780764555732"><bdi>9780764555732</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Word+2003+Bible&rft.place=Indianapolis&rft.pages=411&rft.pub=Wiley+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780764555732&rft.aulast=Angell&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Kent%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLNkrzGkKuYkC%26pg%3DPA411&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesktop+publishing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Angell_Page_412-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Angell_Page_412_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAngellKent2003" class="citation book cs1">Angell, David; Kent, Peter (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LNkrzGkKuYkC&pg=PA412"><i>Word 2003 Bible</i></a>. Indianapolis: Wiley Publishing. p. 412. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780764555732" title="Special:BookSources/9780764555732"><bdi>9780764555732</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Word+2003+Bible&rft.place=Indianapolis&rft.pages=412&rft.pub=Wiley+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780764555732&rft.aulast=Angell&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Kent%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLNkrzGkKuYkC%26pg%3DPA412&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesktop+publishing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPfiffner200349-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPfiffner200349_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPfiffner2003">Pfiffner (2003)</a>, p. 49.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Williams-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Williams_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1990" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robin_Williams_(writer)" title="Robin Williams (writer)">Williams, Robin</a> (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8I0IkhZnd9sC"><i>The Mac is Not a Typewriter: A Style Manual for Creating Professional-level Type on Your Macintosh</i></a>. Berkeley: Peachpit Press. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780938151319" title="Special:BookSources/9780938151319"><bdi>9780938151319</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mac+is+Not+a+Typewriter%3A+A+Style+Manual+for+Creating+Professional-level+Type+on+Your+Macintosh&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Peachpit+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=9780938151319&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8I0IkhZnd9sC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesktop+publishing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPfiffner200355-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPfiffner200355_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPfiffner2003">Pfiffner (2003)</a>, p. 55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson1987" class="citation journal cs1">Thompson, Keith (8 June 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0TAEAAAAMBAJ&q=%2Baldus+%22pagemaker%22+infoworld+review+1987&pg=PA50">"Macintosh Layout Package Remarkably Fast, Powerful"</a>. <i>InfoWorld</i>. <b>9</b> (23): 51<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-04-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=InfoWorld&rft.atitle=Macintosh+Layout+Package+Remarkably+Fast%2C+Powerful&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=23&rft.pages=51&rft.date=1987-06-08&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0TAEAAAAMBAJ%26q%3D%252Baldus%2B%2522pagemaker%2522%2Binfoworld%2Breview%2B1987%26pg%3DPA50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesktop+publishing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-girard20140113-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-girard20140113_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGirard2014" class="citation news cs1">Girard, Dave (2014-01-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2014/01/quarkxpress-the-demise-of-a-design-desk-darling/">"How QuarkXPress became a mere afterthought in publishing"</a>. <i>Ars Technica</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=How+QuarkXPress+became+a+mere+afterthought+in+publishing&rft.date=2014-01-13&rft.aulast=Girard&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Finformation-technology%2F2014%2F01%2Fquarkxpress-the-demise-of-a-design-desk-darling%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesktop+publishing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For more editors in the genre, see <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_TeX_editors" title="Comparison of TeX editors">Comparison of TeX editors</a> under the WYSIWYM / (partial) WYSIWYG editing style.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Desktop_publishing&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sources" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-hanging-indents refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPfiffner2003" class="citation book cs1">Pfiffner, Pamela (2003). <i>Inside the Publishing Revolution: The Adobe Story</i>. Berkeley: Peachpit Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-321-11564-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-321-11564-3"><bdi>0-321-11564-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inside+the+Publishing+Revolution%3A+The+Adobe+Story&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pub=Peachpit+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-321-11564-3&rft.aulast=Pfiffner&rft.aufirst=Pamela&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADesktop+publishing" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about <br> <b>Desktop publishing</b> <hr></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=&su=desktop+publishing">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=&su=desktop+publishing&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Desktop_publishing&oldid=1250415133">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Desktop_publishing&oldid=1250415133</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Desktop_publishing&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="M3n747" data-user-gender="male" data-timestamp="1728546760"> <span>Last edited on 10 October 2024, at 07:52</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8%D9%8A" title="نشر مكتبي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نشر مكتبي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AA_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE" title="ডেস্কটপ প্রকাশনা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ডেস্কটপ প্রকাশনা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Настолна издателска система – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Настолна издателска система" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoedici%C3%B3" title="Autoedició – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Autoedició" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_publishing" title="Desktop publishing – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Desktop publishing" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_publishing" title="Desktop publishing – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Desktop publishing" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop-Publishing" title="Desktop-Publishing – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Desktop-Publishing" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktopper" title="Desktopper – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Desktopper" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoedici%C3%B3n" title="Autoedición – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Autoedición" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perkomputila_eldonado" title="Perkomputila eldonado – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Perkomputila eldonado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B1_%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C" title="نشر رومیزی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نشر رومیزی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publication_assist%C3%A9e_par_ordinateur" title="Publication assistée par ordinateur – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Publication assistée par ordinateur" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktoppublishing" title="Desktoppublishing – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Desktoppublishing" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foilsitheoireacht_deisce" title="Foilsitheoireacht deisce – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Foilsitheoireacht deisce" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%81%EC%83%81%EC%B6%9C%ED%8C%90" title="탁상출판 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="탁상출판" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%AA_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A8" title="डेस्कटॉप प्रकाशन – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="डेस्कटॉप प्रकाशन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stolno_izdava%C5%A1tvo" title="Stolno izdavaštvo – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Stolno izdavaštvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penerbitan_mejantara" title="Penerbitan mejantara – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Penerbitan mejantara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_publishing" title="Desktop publishing – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Desktop publishing" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="הוצאה לאור שולחנית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הוצאה לאור שולחנית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%83%D1%96" title="Компьютер беттеуі – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Компьютер беттеуі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asztali_kiadv%C3%A1nyszerkeszt%C3%A9s" title="Asztali kiadványszerkesztés – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Asztali kiadványszerkesztés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D" title="ഡെസ്ക്ടോപ്പ്‌ പബ്ലിഷിങ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഡെസ്ക്ടോപ്പ്‌ പബ്ലിഷിങ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80.%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80.%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80." title="डी.टी.पी. – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="डी.टी.पी." data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penerbitan_atas_meja" title="Penerbitan atas meja – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Penerbitan atas meja" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktoppublishing" title="Desktoppublishing – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Desktoppublishing" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/DTP" title="DTP – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="DTP" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/DTP" title="DTP – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="DTP" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Editora%C3%A7%C3%A3o_eletr%C3%B4nica" title="Editoração eletrônica – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Editoração eletrônica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehnoredactare_computerizat%C4%83" title="Tehnoredactare computerizată – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tehnoredactare computerizată" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Настольная издательская система – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Настольная издательская система" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_publishing" title="Desktop publishing – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Desktop publishing" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_publishing" title="Desktop publishing – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Desktop publishing" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ty%C3%B6p%C3%B6yt%C3%A4julkaiseminen" title="Työpöytäjulkaiseminen – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Työpöytäjulkaiseminen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_publishing" title="Desktop publishing – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Desktop publishing" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paglalathala_sa_kompyuter" title="Paglalathala sa kompyuter – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Paglalathala sa kompyuter" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masa%C3%BCst%C3%BC_yay%C4%B1nc%C4%B1l%C4%B1k" title="Masaüstü yayıncılık – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Masaüstü yayıncılık" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%27%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Комп'ютерна верстка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Комп'ютерна верстка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%DB%8C%D8%B3%DA%A9_%D9%B9%D8%A7%D9%BE_%D9%BE%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%86%DA%AF" title="ڈیسک ٹاپ پبلشنگ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ڈیسک ٹاپ پبلشنگ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A1%8C%E9%9D%A2%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88" title="桌面出版 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="桌面出版" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 10 October 2024, at 07:52<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a 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