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.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Shigeyoshi "Shig" Murao</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1926-12-08</span>)</span>December 8, 1926<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">October 18, 1999<span style="display:none">(1999-10-18)</span> (aged 72)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Cupertino,_California" title="Cupertino, California">Cupertino</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="United States of America">United States of America</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Manager of <a href="/wiki/City_Lights_Bookstore" title="City Lights Bookstore">City Lights Bookstore</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Conviction" title="Conviction">Conviction(s)</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">Not guilty</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criminal charge</th><td class="infobox-data">Sale of <a href="/wiki/Obscene" class="mw-redirect" title="Obscene">obscene</a> material</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Shigeyoshi "Shig" Murao</b> (December 8, 1926 – October 18, 1999) is mainly remembered as the <a href="/wiki/City_Lights_Bookstore" title="City Lights Bookstore">City Lights</a> clerk who was arrested on June 3, 1957, for selling <a href="/wiki/Allen_Ginsberg" title="Allen Ginsberg">Allen Ginsberg</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Howl" class="mw-disambig" title="Howl">Howl</a></i> to an undercover San Francisco police officer.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the trial that followed, Murao was charged with selling the book and <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Ferlinghetti" title="Lawrence Ferlinghetti">Lawrence Ferlinghetti</a> with publishing it. Murao and Ferlinghetti were exonerated and <i>Howl</i> was judged protected under the First Amendment, a decision that paved the way for the publication of <a href="/wiki/Henry_Miller" title="Henry Miller">Henry Miller</a>, <a href="/wiki/D.H._Lawrence" class="mw-redirect" title="D.H. Lawrence">D.H. Lawrence</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Burroughs" class="mw-redirect" title="William Burroughs">William Burroughs</a>, and many other writers who offended puritanical elements of society.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Murao and his twin sister Shizuko were born on December 8, 1926, in Seattle, Washington. In 1942, following the attack on Pearl Harbor, Murao and his family were interned at the <a href="/wiki/Minidoka_War_Relocation_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Minidoka War Relocation Center">Minidoka War Relocation Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a>. He joined the <a href="/wiki/Minidoka_National_Historic_Site" title="Minidoka National Historic Site">Military Intelligence Service</a> in 1944, and worked in post-war Japan as an interpreter.<sup id="cite_ref-discovernikkei_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-discovernikkei-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ferlinghetti and Peter Martin, the co-founder of City Lights, hired Murao as a clerk soon after the store opened in June 1953. Murao worked without pay for the first few weeks, but eventually became the manager of the bookstore,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and his genial personality set the tone for the bookstore.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He continued in that position until 1976, building friendships with many of the <a href="/wiki/Beat_Generation" title="Beat Generation">Beat</a> icons, including Ginsberg, who became a close friend and would stay at Murao's Grant Avenue apartment when visiting the Bay Area.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Murao suffered the first in a series of strokes in the fall of 1975. When he returned to work Ferlinghetti wanted to bring in new management. Murao refused this arrangement and walked away from the store that has been his life. Murao and Ferlinghetti never reconciled.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Murao was not himself a poet, but he played a key role in the San Francisco Beat scene and had a large circle of friends, including Ginsberg, <a href="/wiki/Michael_McClure" title="Michael McClure">Michael McClure</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gary_Snyder" title="Gary Snyder">Gary Snyder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Brautigan" title="Richard Brautigan">Richard Brautigan</a>, and many other literary and Beat-era figures. After his separation from City Lights, he held court in the <a href="/wiki/Caffe_Trieste" title="Caffe Trieste">Caffe Trieste</a> and published a photocopied zine called <i>Shig's Review</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gordon_Ball_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gordon_Ball-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first three issues of <i>Shig's Review,</i> published in 1960 and 1969, were printed and bound. Beginning in 1983, Murao revived the review as a photocopied zine. He would take a collection of poems, photos, poetry reading fliers, or his own collages to a copy shop and make twenty or thirty copies. He would then staple them in the corner, put his <a href="/wiki/Seal_(East_Asia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal (East Asia)">hanko</a> on the cover in red ink, and walk down to the Caffe Trieste, where he would give them to his friends. Murao published about eighty issues of the quirky review before his death.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the nineties Murao moved to an assisted living home in Palo Alto, California, and briefly recreated his life in North Beach, visiting cafes and bookstores in an electric wheelchair. After an accident in the wheelchair, he moved to a convalescent hospital in Cupertino, California, where he died in 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-Gordon_Ball_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gordon_Ball-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bill Morgan and Nancy Peters, <i>Howl on Trial,</i> City Lights Books, 2006, p. 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Evelyn Nieves,"Ferlinghetti's City Lights, Still A Beacon at 50," <i>Washington Post,</i> 6/9/03</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-discovernikkei-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-discovernikkei_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFReynolds2011" class="citation web cs1">Reynolds, Richard (November 10, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.discovernikkei.org/en/journal/2011/11/10/samurai-family/">"Shig Murao: A Samurai Family (1920)"</a>. DiscoverNikkei.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Shig+Murao%3A+A+Samurai+Family+%281920%29&rft.pub=DiscoverNikkei.org&rft.date=2011-11-10&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.discovernikkei.org%2Fen%2Fjournal%2F2011%2F11%2F10%2Fsamurai-family%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShig+Murao" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shawn Hubler, "City Lights Illuminates the Past," <i>Los Angeles Times,</i> 5/27/03</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bill Morgan, <i>The Beat Generation in San Francisco,</i> City Lights Books, 2003, p. 5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon Ball, "'Howl' and Other Victories: A friend remembers City Lights' Shig Murao," <i>San Francisco Chronicle,</i> 11/28/99</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shawn Hubler</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gordon_Ball-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gordon_Ball_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gordon_Ball_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gordon Ball</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shigmurao.org/Shig_Project/SR_Sampler.html">Shig's Review Sampler</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shigmurao.org/">Shig Murao: The Enigmatic Soul of City Lights and the San Francisco Beat Scene</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bancroft.berkeley.edu/collections/Shig_Murao/">Shig Murao: The Enigmatic Soul of City Lights and the San Francisco Beat Scene (Bancroft Library)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://articles.sfgate.com/1999-11-28/books/17705832_1_north-beach-howl-and-other-poems-allen">'Howl' and Other Victories: A Friend Remembers City Lights' Shig Murao</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nikkeiwest.com/index.php/the-news/past-articles/145-murao-is-missing-bookseller-left-out-of-howl-movie">"Murao is Missing: Bookseller Left Out of 'Howl' Movie</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Persondata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Persondata (page does not exist)">Template:Persondata</a> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shig_Murao&oldid=565514696">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shig_Murao&oldid=565514696</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1926_births" title="Category:1926 births">1926 births</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1999_deaths" title="Category:1999 deaths">1999 deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Japanese-American_internees" title="Category:Japanese-American internees">Japanese-American internees</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_military_personnel_of_Japanese_descent" title="Category:American military personnel of Japanese descent">American military personnel of Japanese descent</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Beat_Generation" title="Category:Beat Generation">Beat Generation</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden category: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 23 July 2013, at 18:56<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span class="nowraplinks">This version of the page has been <a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">revised</a>. 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