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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish icebreaker Nordica (1994)">Finnish icebreaker Nordica (1994)</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Finnish multipurpose icebreaker</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MSV_Nordica_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Nordica on 28 February 2009"><img alt="Nordica on 28 February 2009" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/MSV_Nordica_2009.jpg/300px-MSV_Nordica_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/MSV_Nordica_2009.jpg/450px-MSV_Nordica_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/MSV_Nordica_2009.jpg/600px-MSV_Nordica_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3630" data-file-height="2751" /></a></span><div><i>Nordica</i> assisting ships outside Hamina, Finland, on 28 February 2009</div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">History</th></tr> <tr><th height="30" colspan="2" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;text-align:left;padding-left:2px;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="46" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/69px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/92px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span></span><span style="padding-left:1em">Finland</span></th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Name</td><td><i>Nordica</i></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Owner</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Finnish_Maritime_Administration&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Finnish Maritime Administration (page does not exist)">Finnish Maritime Administration</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (1994–2004)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Finstaship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Finstaship (page does not exist)">Finstaship</a> (2004–2010)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Arctia_Offshore" class="mw-redirect" title="Arctia Offshore">Arctia Offshore</a> (2010–)<sup id="cite_ref-dnv_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnv-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Port of registry</td><td><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a><sup id="cite_ref-dnv_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnv-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Ordered</td><td>June 1992</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Builder</td><td><a href="/wiki/Finnyards" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnyards">Finnyards Ltd.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rauma,_Finland" title="Rauma, Finland">Rauma, Finland</a><sup id="cite_ref-dnv_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnv-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Yard number</td><td>402</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Laid down</td><td>25 January 1993</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Launched</td><td>18 June 1993</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Completed</td><td>1 January 1994</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Identification</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Maritime_call_sign" title="Maritime call sign">Call sign</a>: OJAE<sup id="cite_ref-dnv_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnv-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/IMO_number" title="IMO number">IMO number</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinetraffic.com/ais/details/ships/imo:9056985">9056985</a><sup id="cite_ref-dnv_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnv-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Status</td><td>In service</td></tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">General characteristics</th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Type</td><td><a href="/wiki/Icebreaker" title="Icebreaker">Icebreaker</a>/Offshore support vessel</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Tonnage</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">9,392 <a href="/wiki/Gross_tonnage" title="Gross tonnage">GT</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">2,818 <a href="/wiki/Net_tonnage" title="Net tonnage">NT</a></li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">1,650 to 4,800 <a href="/wiki/Deadweight_tonnage" title="Deadweight tonnage">DWT</a></li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Length</td><td>116 m (381 ft)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Beam</td><td>26 m (85 ft)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Draft</td><td>7–8.4 m (23–28 ft)<sup id="cite_ref-maritimereporter1998_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maritimereporter1998-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Depth</td><td>12.5 m (41 ft)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Ice class</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">DNV POLAR-10 Icebreaker</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Polar_Class_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Polar Class 3">Polar Class 3</a> (2019–)<sup id="cite_ref-pc3_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pc3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Installed power</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">2<span class="nowrap"> </span>×<span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/W%C3%A4rtsil%C3%A4" title="Wärtsilä">Wärtsilä</a> 16V32D (2<span class="nowrap"> </span>×<span class="nowrap"> </span>6,000 kW)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">2<span class="nowrap"> </span>×<span class="nowrap"> </span>Wärtsilä 12V32D (2<span class="nowrap"> </span>×<span class="nowrap"> </span>4,500 kW)</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Propulsion</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Diesel-electric#Ships" class="mw-redirect" title="Diesel-electric">Diesel-electric</a> (AC/AC)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">Two <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aquamaster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aquamaster (page does not exist)">Aquamaster</a> US ARC 1 <a href="/wiki/Azimuth_thruster" title="Azimuth thruster">azimuth thrusters</a> (2<span class="nowrap"> </span>×<span class="nowrap"> </span>7,500 kW)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">Three <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brunvoll_AS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brunvoll AS (page does not exist)">Brunvoll</a> <a href="/wiki/Bow_thruster" class="mw-redirect" title="Bow thruster">bow thrusters</a> (3<span class="nowrap"> </span>×<span class="nowrap"> </span>1,150 kW)</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Speed</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">16.5 knots (30.6 km/h; 19.0 mph) (max)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">11–13 knots (20–24 km/h; 13–15 mph) (service)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">9.5 knots (17.6 km/h; 10.9 mph) in 80 cm (31 in) ice<sup id="cite_ref-arctia_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arctia-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Crew</td><td>Accommodation for 77 personnel</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Aviation facilities</td><td><a href="/wiki/Helipad" title="Helipad">Helipad</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>MSV <i>Nordica</i></b> is a <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finnish</a> multipurpose <a href="/wiki/Icebreaker" title="Icebreaker">icebreaker</a> and offshore support vessel. Built in 1994 by <a href="/wiki/Finnyards" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnyards">Finnyards</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rauma,_Finland" title="Rauma, Finland">Rauma, Finland</a>, and operated by <a href="/wiki/Arctia_Offshore" class="mw-redirect" title="Arctia Offshore">Arctia Offshore</a>, she and her sister ship <a href="/wiki/MSV_Fennica" title="MSV Fennica"><i>Fennica</i></a> were the first Finnish icebreakers designed to be used as escort icebreakers in the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a> during the winter months and in <a href="/wiki/Offshore_drilling" title="Offshore drilling">offshore</a> construction projects during the open water season. </p><p>When <a href="/wiki/MSV_Botnica" title="MSV Botnica"><i>Botnica</i></a> was sold to <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Tallinn" title="Port of Tallinn">Port of Tallinn</a> in 2012, <i>Nordica</i> became again the newest icebreaker in service in Finland until the delivery of the new icebreaker, <a href="/wiki/Polaris_(icebreaker)" title="Polaris (icebreaker)"><i>Polaris</i></a>, in 2016. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MSV_Nordica&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_characteristics">General characteristics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MSV_Nordica&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: General characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The maximum <a href="/wiki/Length_overall" title="Length overall">overall length</a> of <i>Nordica</i> is 116 metres (380.6 ft) and her <a href="/wiki/Length_between_perpendiculars" title="Length between perpendiculars">length between perpendiculars</a> is 96.7 metres (317.3 ft). The hull has a <a href="/wiki/Moulded_breadth" class="mw-redirect" title="Moulded breadth">moulded breadth</a> of 26 metres (85.3 ft) and depth of 12.5 metres (41.0 ft). Her draught varies between 7 metres (23.0 ft) as a Baltic icebreaker and 8.4 metres (27.6 ft) in Arctic conditions and offshore work.<sup id="cite_ref-vapalahti_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vapalahti-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Gross_tonnage" title="Gross tonnage">gross tonnage</a> of <i>Nordica</i> is 9,392, <a href="/wiki/Net_tonnage" title="Net tonnage">net tonnage</a> 2,818 and <a href="/wiki/Deadweight_tonnage" title="Deadweight tonnage">deadweight tonnage</a> ranging between 1,650 and 4,800 tons depending on the draft.<sup id="cite_ref-dnv_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnv-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-maritimereporter1998_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maritimereporter1998-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ship <a href="/wiki/Stability_conditions_(watercraft)#Lightship" class="mw-redirect" title="Stability conditions (watercraft)">weighs</a> 7,935 tons and has a maximum displacement of 12,800 tons.<sup id="cite_ref-arctiadata_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arctiadata-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Nordica</i> is classified by <a href="/wiki/Det_Norske_Veritas" class="mw-redirect" title="Det Norske Veritas">Det Norske Veritas</a> with a class notation <i><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dnv-cross.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Symbol used by Det Norske Veritas for ships constructed under their supervision."><img alt="Symbol used by Det Norske Veritas for ships constructed under their supervision." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Dnv-cross.svg/16px-Dnv-cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Dnv-cross.svg/24px-Dnv-cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Dnv-cross.svg/32px-Dnv-cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></span>1A1 POLAR-10 Icebreaker Tug Supply Vessel SF HELDK EPR E0 DYNPOS-AUTR</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-dnv_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnv-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Her ice class, POLAR-10, means that her hull is strengthened for unassisted operation in the Arctic, sub-Arctic and Antarctic regions, where the vessel can encounter winter ice with a nominal thickness of 1 metre (3.3 ft), pressure ridges, multi-year ice floes and glacial ice inclusions. The additional class notation "Icebreaker" states that she has no limitations for repeated ramming.<sup id="cite_ref-dnvrules_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnvrules-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To improve the maneuverability of the ship in ice her hull is wider at the bow than in the stern. These "reamers" increase the width of the ice channel and reduce friction between the hull and ice.<sup id="cite_ref-polaricebreakers_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-polaricebreakers-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reamers are designed so that they create minimum additional resistance in the astern mode by breaking ice downwards.<sup id="cite_ref-Soininen_et_al_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Soininen_et_al-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition the forward part of the hull has <a href="/wiki/Explosion_welding" title="Explosion welding">explosion-welded</a> stainless steel ice belt that reduces friction and protects the steel plates from abrasion.<sup id="cite_ref-costa_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-costa-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The aforementioned design with the maximum breadth in the foreship and a narrower hull aftship, provides the multipurpose vessel also good <a href="/wiki/Seakeeping" title="Seakeeping">seakeeping</a> characteristics.<sup id="cite_ref-Soininen_et_al_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Soininen_et_al-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traditionally icebreakers have had, due to their broad beam and relatively shallow hull, a very short roll period in waves, which makes working on board the vessel extremely difficult due to its violent motions.<sup id="cite_ref-Tellefsen_Hagelstam_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tellefsen_Hagelstam-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the design phase of the vessel, the seakeeping characteristics of the multipurpose icebreaker were defined to be at least as good as those of existing offshore vessels in the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Karppinen_et_al_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karppinen_et_al-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The offshore operator set a requirement of acceptable acceleration figures at various locations of the vessel at zero speed. The vessel had to be able to operate at least 80% of the time in the North Sea in the summer and autumn season plus have a roll period longer than 10 seconds. The solution with narrow breadth in the aftship results in a sufficiently long roll period. At the midship and aft ship area there are also exceptionally wide bilge shelves as an integral part of the hull, to further dampen the rolling.<sup id="cite_ref-Soininen_et_al_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Soininen_et_al-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, the vessel is equipped with a U-shaped semi-active anti-rolling tank across the widest point of the bow section.<sup id="cite_ref-Tellefsen_Hagelstam_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tellefsen_Hagelstam-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The good seakeeping characteristics are an asset also in Arctic operations and long transit distances.<sup id="cite_ref-Harjula_Eronen_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harjula_Eronen-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For offshore construction projects, <i>Nordica</i> is equipped with a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hydralift&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hydralift (page does not exist)">Hydralift</a> active heave compensated crane capable of lifting 30 tons at a radius of 32 metres (105 ft) or 160 tons at 9 metres (30 ft). She also has a smaller <a href="/wiki/Cargotec" title="Cargotec">MacGregor</a> crane capable of lifting 5 tons at 15 metres (49 ft). The vessel can also be equipped with a 120-ton <a href="/wiki/A-frame" title="A-frame">A-frame</a> for trenching machines and ploughs. <i>Nordica</i> has a <a href="/wiki/Helipad" title="Helipad">helipad</a> and can accommodate 48 workers in addition to the ship's crew. Before her helipad was rebuilt in 2012, she also had a small hangar capable of accommodating one helicopter for ice reconnaissance. Since <i>Nordica</i> acts as an escort icebreaker during the winter season, she is also equipped with a Aquamaster-Rauma anchor handling and towing winch, and stern notch for assisting merchant ships.<sup id="cite_ref-arctiadata_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arctiadata-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The oblique bridge maximizes visibility from the starboard side steering position.<sup id="cite_ref-voelker_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-voelker-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Power_and_propulsion">Power and propulsion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MSV_Nordica&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Power and propulsion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Nordica</i> has a <a href="/wiki/Diesel-electric_transmission" class="mw-redirect" title="Diesel-electric transmission">diesel-electric</a> propulsion system with four main generators. She has two <a href="/wiki/V12_engine" title="V12 engine">twelve-cylinder</a> <a href="/wiki/W%C3%A4rtsil%C3%A4" title="Wärtsilä">Wärtsilä</a> Vasa 12V32D and two <a href="/wiki/V16_engine" title="V16 engine">sixteen-cylinder</a> 16V32D four-stroke medium-speed diesel engines driving <a href="/wiki/Str%C3%B6mberg_(company)" title="Strömberg (company)">Strömberg</a> alternators, the former producing 4,500 kW (6,000 hp) and the latter 6,000 kW (8,000 hp) each. The main engines are also equipped with <a href="/wiki/Exhaust_gas_economizer" class="mw-redirect" title="Exhaust gas economizer">exhaust gas economizers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-arctiadata_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arctiadata-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late 2011 they were also retrofitted with <a href="/wiki/Catalytic_converter" title="Catalytic converter">catalytic converters</a> and <a href="/wiki/Urea#Automobile_systems" title="Urea">urea spraying systems</a> to reduce <a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_oxide" title="Nitrogen oxide">NO<sub>x</sub></a> emissions in order to meet the strict EPA requirements.<sup id="cite_ref-arctia_cat_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arctia_cat-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While designed according to the power plant principle in which the main generators produce power for all shipboard consumers either directly or through a <a href="/wiki/Motor-generator" class="mw-redirect" title="Motor-generator">motor-generator</a>, <i>Nordica</i> has one auxiliary diesel generator that can be used to produce electricity when the ship is at port. The <a href="/wiki/Inline-four_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Inline-four engine">four-cylinder</a> Wärtsilä Vasa 4R22 4-stroke medium-speed diesel engine has an output of 710 kW (950 hp) at 1,000 rpm. In addition she has a twelve-cylinder <a href="/wiki/Caterpillar_Inc." title="Caterpillar Inc.">Caterpillar</a> 3412 DISA emergency diesel generator with an output of 300 kW (400 hp) at 1,500 rpm.<sup id="cite_ref-dnv_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnv-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While underway, the fuel consumption of the main engines is 42 tons of heavy fuel oil or diesel per day at 13 knots (24 km/h; 15 mph) or 30 tons per day at 11 knots (20 km/h; 13 mph), giving the vessel an operating time of 45 to 67 days depending on the speed. During dynamic positioning operations the fuel consumption is 15 tons per day and the operating time depends on the distance and speed of transit to location.<sup id="cite_ref-arctiadata_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arctiadata-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late 2011 the fuel system was converted for the use of <a href="/wiki/Ultra-low-sulfur_diesel" title="Ultra-low-sulfur diesel">ultra-low-sulfur diesel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-arctia_cat_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arctia_cat-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Nordica</i> is propelled by two <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aquamaster&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aquamaster (page does not exist)">Aquamaster</a> US ARC 1 <a href="/wiki/Z-drive" title="Z-drive">Z-drive</a> <a href="/wiki/Azimuth_thruster" title="Azimuth thruster">azimuth thrusters</a> with 4.2-metre (14 ft) <a href="/wiki/Ducted_propeller" title="Ducted propeller">ducted</a> fixed-pitch stainless steel propellers. The 177-ton<sup id="cite_ref-mojalehto_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mojalehto-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> thrusters, driven by ABB Strömberg AC/AC propulsion motors rated at 7,500 kW, considerably improve the maneuverability of the icebreaker. This is especially useful during escort and assistance operations in difficult ice conditions when the icebreaker has to operate at close proximity to other vessels at low speeds. When delivered, she was the first large icebreaker to be equipped with such propulsion system and her maneuverability was often described to be superior to older icebreakers with traditional shaftlines and rudders.<sup id="cite_ref-maritimereporter1998_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maritimereporter1998-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-maritimereporter1992_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-maritimereporter1992-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tiede_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tiede-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Together with three 1,150 kW <a href="/w/index.php?title=Brunvoll_AS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brunvoll AS (page does not exist)">Brunvoll</a> FU-80 LTC-2250 variable-pitch <a href="/wiki/Bow_thruster" class="mw-redirect" title="Bow thruster">bow thrusters</a> the azimuth thrusters also allow <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_positioning" title="Dynamic positioning">dynamic positioning</a> during offshore operations.<sup id="cite_ref-arctiadata_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arctiadata-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The maximum speed of <i>Nordica</i> is 16.5 knots (30.6 km/h; 19.0 mph) in open water. She can maintain a speed of 9.5 knots (17.6 km/h; 10.9 mph) on 80 centimetres (31 in) level ice and operate in continuous motion in level ice up to 1.8 metres (5.9 ft) thick. Her <a href="/wiki/Bollard_pull" title="Bollard pull">bollard pull</a> is 234 tons.<sup id="cite_ref-arctiadata_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arctiadata-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MSV_Nordica&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development_and_construction">Development and construction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MSV_Nordica&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Development and construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The development of the Finnish multipurpose icebreakers began in the mid-1980s when the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Finnish_National_Board_of_Navigation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Finnish National Board of Navigation (page does not exist)">Finnish National Board of Navigation</a> launched a project to find secondary uses for the new vessels it was planning to build as a replacement for some of the oldest icebreakers. Until then the Finnish icebreakers had been designed solely for escort operations in ice-infested waters and their specialized hull form was not suitable for open water. As a result the existing icebreakers had an effective operational time of only three to five months per year and spent the summer season moored at <a href="/wiki/Katajanokka" title="Katajanokka">Katajanokka</a> in <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>. A multipurpose application of the new icebreakers would thus result in a better utilization of the vessels and, assuming they were chartered by a commercial third party during the summer, improve the economics of the state-owned fleet.<sup id="cite_ref-tellefsen_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tellefsen-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lohi_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lohi-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, the concept did not become reality until the early 1990s, when the Norwegian company <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ugland_Offshore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ugland Offshore (page does not exist)">Ugland Offshore AS</a> (later <a href="/w/index.php?title=DSND_Offshore&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DSND Offshore (page does not exist)">DSND Offshore AS</a>) became involved in the project to develop and construct multipurpose icebreakers that could be used for offshore operations in the <a href="/wiki/Oil_field" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil field">oil fields</a> during the summer months. The concept was developed by the Board of Navigation together with a Finnish consulting engineering company <a href="/wiki/ILS_(company)" title="ILS (company)">ILS</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gaz_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gaz-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The summer period operational profile of the vessel was defined by the offshore markets' needs. Most of all, there was a demand for vessels that could conduct flexible pipe and cable laying and trenching and ploughing of cables and pipelines. Other defined tasks were e.g. cable repair work, anchor handling and the moving of offshore oil drilling platforms, semi-submersible units, and other offshore units, and transportation of deck cargo.<sup id="cite_ref-Harjula_Eronen_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harjula_Eronen-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An extensive series of both seakeeping and ice model tests was performed during the design phase of the vessel.<sup id="cite_ref-Soininen_et_al_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Soininen_et_al-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Open water model testing was performed in <a href="/wiki/VTT_Technical_Research_Centre_of_Finland" title="VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland">VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland</a>'s tank, and the results indicated that the vessel would be able to operate at least 90 % of the time in the North Sea in the summer and autumn seasons, and able to keep the speed of 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph) in the area's head seas, also 90 % of the same seasons. Comparative tests were run with a conventional large supply ship model, and they showed that the new icebreaker hull design would function better than a typical large supply ship in normal operating conditions.<sup id="cite_ref-Tellefsen_Hagelstam_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tellefsen_Hagelstam-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-VTT_Technical_Research_Centre_of_Finland._23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VTT_Technical_Research_Centre_of_Finland.-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The novel hull form was tested and adjusted in an extensive ice model test series at VTT's ship laboratory. The testing concentrated also especially on maneuvering characteristics. Later the full scale ice trials were conducted in March 1993 in Northern Baltic off the cities of Oulu and Kemi, and they proved that the design criteria was achieved in icebreaking and ridge penetration capability ahead and astern, whereas the assistance and maneuvering capability in ice exceeded expectations.<sup id="cite_ref-Soininen_et_al_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Soininen_et_al-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The contract for the construction of the first vessel with an option for a sister ship was signed with <a href="/wiki/Finnyards" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnyards">Finnyards</a> in October 1991. The second vessel was ordered in June 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-gaz_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gaz-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first Finnish multipurpose icebreaker, <i>Fennica</i>, was delivered in 1993 and her sister ship, <i>Nordica</i>, in the following year.<sup id="cite_ref-tellefsen_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tellefsen-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lohi_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lohi-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new vessels replaced the aging four-screw icebreakers <a href="/w/index.php?title=Finnish_icebreaker_Tarmo_(1963)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Finnish icebreaker Tarmo (1963) (page does not exist)"><i>Tarmo</i></a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Finnish_icebreaker_Varma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Finnish icebreaker Varma (page does not exist)"><i>Varma</i></a> which were sold to <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1997 a third multipurpose icebreaker was ordered from Finnyards. The ship, delivered in 1998 as <a href="/wiki/Finnish_icebreaker_Botnica" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish icebreaker Botnica"><i>Botnica</i></a>, was slightly smaller than the previous Finnish multipurpose icebreakers and had several other differences, such as twelve <a href="/wiki/Caterpillar_Inc." title="Caterpillar Inc.">Caterpillar</a> high-speed diesel engines instead of medium-speed units and <a href="/wiki/Azipod" title="Azipod">Azipod</a> electric azimuth thrusters instead of the ducted Z-drive Aquamasters.<sup id="cite_ref-dnv_botnica_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dnv_botnica-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2012, <i>Botnica</i> was sold to <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Tallinn" title="Port of Tallinn">Port of Tallinn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Career">Career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MSV_Nordica&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nordica_-_IMO_9056985_-_Callsign_OJAE_at_Port_of_Amsterdam,_photo-1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Nordica_-_IMO_9056985_-_Callsign_OJAE_at_Port_of_Amsterdam%2C_photo-1.JPG/220px-Nordica_-_IMO_9056985_-_Callsign_OJAE_at_Port_of_Amsterdam%2C_photo-1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Nordica_-_IMO_9056985_-_Callsign_OJAE_at_Port_of_Amsterdam%2C_photo-1.JPG/330px-Nordica_-_IMO_9056985_-_Callsign_OJAE_at_Port_of_Amsterdam%2C_photo-1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Nordica_-_IMO_9056985_-_Callsign_OJAE_at_Port_of_Amsterdam%2C_photo-1.JPG/440px-Nordica_-_IMO_9056985_-_Callsign_OJAE_at_Port_of_Amsterdam%2C_photo-1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption><i>Nordica</i> in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> with the Hydralift heave compensated crane on the aft deck installed</figcaption></figure> <p>When <i>Fennica</i> and <i>Nordica</i> entered service in 1993 and 1994, it was agreed that the multipurpose icebreakers would be chartered for offshore duties about 180 days per year during the ice-free season. For the winter months, they would return to Finland for escort icebreaking duties in the Baltic Sea or, if there was no need to deploy the whole state-owned icebreaker fleet during particularly mild winters, for lay-up in a Finnish port.<sup id="cite_ref-gaz_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gaz-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The exclusive right to charter the multipurpose icebreakers was given to Ugland Offshore AS and later DSND Offshore AS.<sup id="cite_ref-mot2_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mot2-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2002, <a href="/wiki/Halliburton" title="Halliburton">Halliburton Offshore</a> and DSND combined their resources and the exclusive charter of the multipurpose icebreakers was transferred to the new company, <a href="/wiki/Subsea_7" title="Subsea 7">Subsea 7</a>, that held it until 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-gaz_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gaz-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-raakaa_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-raakaa-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 1994, the then-new <i>Nordica</i> and the Swedish minesweeper <a href="/w/index.php?title=HMS_Furusund&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="HMS Furusund (page does not exist)">HMS <i>Furusund</i></a> raised the <a href="/wiki/Bow_visor" title="Bow visor">bow visor</a> of the car ferry <a href="/wiki/MS_Estonia" title="MS Estonia"><i>Estonia</i></a> that capsized and sank on 28 September 1994 with a loss of 852 lives.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the reorganization of the Finnish Maritime Administration in 2004, the ownership and management of the state-owned vessels was transferred to a newly founded state-owned enterprise, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Finstaship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Finstaship (page does not exist)">Finstaship</a>. Later a separate company, <a href="/w/index.php?title=GDV_Maritime&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GDV Maritime (page does not exist)">GDV Maritime AS</a>, was established together with Norwegian partners and handled the global marketing of the Finnish multipurpose icebreakers until 2008. During this time, the focal point in the marketing of the Finnish multipurpose icebreakers shifted more to offshore activities and the ships returned to their home waters only if they were needed for icebreaking.<sup id="cite_ref-gaz_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gaz-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 2005 and 2010, <i>Nordica</i> was not deployed in the Baltic Sea as an escort icebreaker.<sup id="cite_ref-raakaa_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-raakaa-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2010 <a href="/wiki/Arctia_(company)" title="Arctia (company)">Arctia Shipping</a>, a state-owned <a href="/wiki/Osakeyhti%C3%B6" title="Osakeyhtiö">limited company</a>, took over the operations of Finstaship. The ownership and management of the Finnish multipurpose icebreakers was transferred to a subsidiary company, Arctia Offshore.<sup id="cite_ref-arctialyhyesti_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arctialyhyesti-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2011, Arctia Offshore and the <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Transport_Agency" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish Transport Agency">Finnish Transport Agency</a> signed a five-year contract with an optional two-year extension regarding the use of the multipurpose icebreakers <i>Fennica</i> and <i>Nordica</i> in the Finnish waters during the winter months. Prior to this, Arctia Icebreaking had already signed a similar contract for the conventional Finnish icebreakers.<sup id="cite_ref-arctiatiedoite2011_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arctiatiedoite2011-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2011, <a href="/wiki/Shell_Oil_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Shell Oil Company">Shell Oil Company</a> signed a three-year contract with Arctia Offshore and chartered the Finnish multipurpose icebreakers <i>Fennica</i> and <i>Nordica</i> to serve as primary <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ice_management&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ice management (page does not exist)">ice management</a> vessels in the <a href="/wiki/Chukchi_Sea" title="Chukchi Sea">Chukchi Sea</a> during the summer seasons of 2012–2014. The primary purpose of <i>Nordica</i> was to protect the drilling platform <i><a href="/wiki/Kulluk" title="Kulluk">Kulluk</a></i> by steering large ice floes so that they do not endanger the drilling operation.<sup id="cite_ref-arctiatiedoite2011_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arctiatiedoite2011-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The decision to charter the Finnish icebreakers to support Arctic offshore drilling was widely criticized due potential environmental damage in case of <a href="/wiki/Oil_spill" title="Oil spill">oil spill</a>. On 16 March 2012, some 52 <a href="/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace">Greenpeace</a> activists from five different countries boarded <i>Fennica</i> and <i>Nordica</i> at <a href="/wiki/Arctech_Helsinki_Shipyard" title="Arctech Helsinki Shipyard">Arctech Helsinki Shipyard</a> to protest Shell's drilling operations in Alaska.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The protests continued on <a href="/wiki/May_Day" title="May Day">May Day</a> when the 52 activists from 15 different countries tried again to prevent <i>Nordica</i> from leaving Helsinki.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 3 May, while <i>Nordica</i> was passing the Swedish island of <a href="/wiki/%C3%96land" title="Öland">Öland</a> in the Baltic Sea, six Greenpeace activists boarded the icebreaker, forcing the vessel to stop at <a href="/wiki/Karlskrona" title="Karlskrona">Karlskrona</a> where the protesters were arrested by the Swedish police and coast guard.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Finally, in the following night 14 activists forced <i>Nordica</i> to carry out evasive manoeuvres in the sea region between <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> and <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> by stopping boats in the middle of the shipping lane in front of the icebreaker and even swimming in the sea.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Nordica</i> supported Shell's oil exploration in the Chukchi Sea in 2012, 2013 and 2015; the 2014 drilling season was cancelled. In November 2012, the multipurpose icebreakers became the first Finnish icebreakers to sail through the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Sea_Route" title="Northern Sea Route">Northern Sea Route</a> when the vessels returned to Finland for the 2012 icebreaking season. During the transit, the multipurpose icebreakers were escorted by Russian nuclear-powered icebreakers.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2013, <i>Fennica</i> and <i>Nordica</i> returned to Finland via the Northern Sea Route for the second time. In 2015, after Shell had decided to stop drilling in Alaska, <i>Fennica</i> and <i>Nordica</i> returned to Europe via the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Passage" title="Northwest Passage">Northwest Passage</a>. This late-season eastbound unescorted transit was the first time the Finnish icebreakers have sailed through the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Arctic_Archipelago" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Arctic Archipelago">Canadian Arctic Archipelago</a> and was claimed to save both time and money. The ships arrived to <a href="/wiki/Nuuk" title="Nuuk">Nuuk</a>, Greenland, on 31 October 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In late 2016, <i>Nordica</i> was chartered to support oil and gas production activities in the <a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Okhotsk" title="Sea of Okhotsk">Sea of Okhotsk</a>. The vessel left Finland on 30 December and remained in the <a href="/wiki/Sakhalin" title="Sakhalin">Sakhalin</a> region until May 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The icebreaker then returned to Europe via the Northwest Passage, carrying an international group of scientists and journalists on "Arctic 100" expedition from the west coast of Canada to Greenland.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Nordica</i> left Vancouver on 5 July and arrived in Nuuk on 29 July, claiming the record for the earliest Northwest Passage transit from the Canadian icebreaker <a href="/wiki/CCGS_Louis_S._St-Laurent" title="CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent">CCGS <i>Louis S. St-Laurent</i></a> by one day.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2023, Arctia signed a three-year contract with <a href="/wiki/Baffinland_Iron_Mines_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Baffinland Iron Mines Corporation">Baffinland Iron Mines Corporation</a> for icebreaking services of one multipurpose icebreaker during the 2023, 2024 and 2025 shipping seasons in the Canadian Arctic.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the 2023 shipping season, <i>Nordica</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s sister ship <i>Fennica</i> was deployed to Canada. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Controversies">Controversies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MSV_Nordica&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the early 2000s the managing director <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ky%C3%B6sti_Vesterinen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kyösti Vesterinen (page does not exist)">Kyösti Vesterinen</a> and several other high-ranking members of the Finnish Maritime Administration were caught in a <a href="/wiki/Bribery" title="Bribery">bribery</a> scandal when it was found out that DSND Offshore, the charterer of the Finnish multipurpose icebreakers, had offered them several private trips around the world. At the same time the offshore company, which had failed to make payments for the charters in time, was forgiven 153,000 euros of penalty interests. As a result, Vesterinen and two other officials were found guilty for corruption and as a result lost their positions, were given <a href="/wiki/Suspended_sentence" title="Suspended sentence">suspended sentences</a> of four to ten months and had to pay back the unlawfully obtained benefits.<sup id="cite_ref-lahjus1_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lahjus1-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lahjus2_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lahjus2-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lahjus3_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lahjus3-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The incident ended the co-operation between DSND and the Finnish Maritime Administration and left many people suspicious about the profitability of the multipurpose icebreakers.<sup id="cite_ref-mot2_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mot2-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2013, the Finnish media reported that <a href="/wiki/Heidi_Hautala" title="Heidi Hautala">Heidi Hautala</a> (<a href="/wiki/Green_League" title="Green League">Green League</a>), the Minister for International Development to the Finnish government and the minister responsible for ownership steering in the Prime Minister's Office, had instructed the state-owned Arctia Shipping to withdraw criminal charges against Greenpeace whose activists had boarded the company's multipurpose icebreakers in 2012. In addition, the head of the Government Ownership Steering Department, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pekka_Timonen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pekka Timonen (page does not exist)">Pekka Timonen</a>, had threatened two top executives of the company with firing unless they complied with the request. After providing conflicting accounts of the incident, Minister Hautala announced her resignation on 11 October 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, several prominent people such as the Finnish Minister of Transport <a href="/wiki/Merja_Kyll%C3%B6nen" title="Merja Kyllönen">Merja Kyllönen</a> have again questioned the profitability of using the multipurpose icebreakers in offshore business and started a discussion of the future role of the Finnish state-owned icebreaker fleet in commercial work in the Arctic.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MSV_Nordica&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although the crews have been generally satisfied with the vessels' operational capabilities,<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the multipurpose icebreakers have also been perceived as compromise designs due to the conflicting requirements of icebreaking and offshore operations.<sup id="cite_ref-il_20150401_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-il_20150401-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kääriä2010_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kääriä2010-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The vessels have been criticized for their lower icebreaking capability and ability to operate in the <a href="/wiki/Bothnian_Bay" title="Bothnian Bay">Bothnian Bay</a> ice conditions characterized by heavy ridging when compared to <a href="/wiki/Atle-class_icebreaker" title="Atle-class icebreaker">traditional icebreakers built in the 1970s</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-silen_2013_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-silen_2013-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ls_20160928_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ls_20160928-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-valtioneuvosto2002_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-valtioneuvosto2002-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In open water, the multipurpose icebreakers have not been competitive against purpose-built offshore vessels due to their higher fuel consumption.<sup id="cite_ref-mot_käsikirjoitus_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mot_käsikirjoitus-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The state-owned shipping company Arctia and its predecessors have also been criticized for the financial losses and low profitability of the offshore business.<sup id="cite_ref-hs_20000823_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hs_20000823-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ts_20111007_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ts_20111007-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unable to compete commercially against purpose-built offshore vessels, the multipurpose icebreakers would be the last ones to be <a href="/wiki/Chartering_(shipping)" title="Chartering (shipping)">hired</a> unless they were offered at significantly reduced day rates.<sup id="cite_ref-mot_käsikirjoitus_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mot_käsikirjoitus-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sometimes the ships were left without contracts and spent long periods of time in foreign ports even during the Baltic Sea winter navigation season,<sup id="cite_ref-yle_20101115_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yle_20101115-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> forcing the Finnish Government to hire icebreakers from the commercial market to keep the ports open.<sup id="cite_ref-kl_20100203_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kl_20100203-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Arctia also received criticism from environmental organizations such as <a href="/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace">Greenpeace</a> after the Finnish multipurpose icebreakers were chartered for <a href="/wiki/Shell_Oil_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Shell Oil Company">Shell Oil Company</a> to support exploration drilling operations in the Arctic waters off <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a> where the consequences of an oil spill would be devastating. There have also been concerns about the <a href="/wiki/Legal_liability" title="Legal liability">legal liability</a> in case of an oil spill after a report by the <a href="/wiki/Research_Institute_of_the_Finnish_Economy" title="Research Institute of the Finnish Economy">Research Institute of the Finnish Economy</a> claimed that the Finnish State could be held liable and the compensations could include the entire property of Arctia Shipping, the state-owned shipping company that owns and operates the Finnish icebreaker fleet.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Nordica</i> and the other Finnish multipurpose icebreakers are sometimes jokingly referred to as "Moulinex ships" after the <a href="/wiki/Moulinex" title="Moulinex">French brand</a> of household appliances and kitchen equipment. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MSV_Nordica&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Finnish National Board of Navigation until 1998.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MSV_Nordica&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nordica_(ship,_1994)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Nordica (ship, 1994)">MSV <i>Nordica</i></a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-dnv-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dnv_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dnv_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dnv_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dnv_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dnv_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dnv_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dnv_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dnv_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vesselregister.dnv.com/vesselregister/details/17933">"<i>Nordica</i> (17933)"</a>. <i>Vessel Register for DNV</i>. <a href="/wiki/DNV" title="DNV">DNV</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vessel+Register+for+DNV&rft.atitle=Nordica+%2817933%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvesselregister.dnv.com%2Fvesselregister%2Fdetails%2F17933&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMSV+Nordica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-maritimereporter1998-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-maritimereporter1998_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-maritimereporter1998_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-maritimereporter1998_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digitalwavepublishing.com/pubs/NWM/maritimereporter/199803/?pgno=21">Delivering A Crushing Blow</a>. Maritime Reporter, March 1998. Page 21. Retrieved 22 October 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pc3-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pc3_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arctia.fi/en/2019/01/31/msv-fennica-and-msv-nordica-now-polar-code-certified-with-pc3-notation/">MSV Fennica and MSV Nordica now Polar Code certified with PC3 notation</a>. Arctia, 31 January 2019. <span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved 1 February 2019<span style="font-size: 90%; color: #555"></span>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-arctia-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-arctia_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Tekniset tiedot: MSV Nordica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arctia.fi/">Arctia Shipping</a>. Retrieved 22 October 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vapalahti-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vapalahti_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Vapalahti, H: Finnish illustrated List of Ships 1999. Judicor Oy, 1999.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-arctiadata-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-arctiadata_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-arctiadata_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-arctiadata_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-arctiadata_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-arctiadata_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-arctiadata_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arctia.fi/files/laivaesittelyt/NORDICA_LAIVAKORTTI.pdf">Vessel specification: Nordica</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged May 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>. Arctia Shipping. Retrieved 22 October 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dnvrules-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dnvrules_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://exchange.dnv.com/publishing/RulesShip/2005-07/ts501.pdf">Ships for navigation in ice, Pt.5 Ch.1 Sec.4 A303</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120325024133/http://exchange.dnv.com/publishing/RulesShip/2005-07/ts501.pdf">Archived</a> 25 March 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Det Norske Veritas, January 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-polaricebreakers-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-polaricebreakers_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Research_Council_(U.S.)._Committee_on_the_Assessment_of_U.S._Coast_Guard_Polar_Icebreaker_Roles_and_Future_Needs2007" class="citation cs2">National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on the Assessment of U.S. Coast Guard Polar Icebreaker Roles and Future Needs (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=q3hW2aFQgfoC&pg=PA60"><i>Polar icebreakers in a changing world: an assessment of U.S. needs</i></a>, National Academies Press, p. 60, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780309103213" title="Special:BookSources/9780309103213"><bdi>9780309103213</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Polar+icebreakers+in+a+changing+world%3A+an+assessment+of+U.S.+needs&rft.pages=60&rft.pub=National+Academies+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780309103213&rft.au=National+Research+Council+%28U.S.%29.+Committee+on+the+Assessment+of+U.S.+Coast+Guard+Polar+Icebreaker+Roles+and+Future+Needs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dq3hW2aFQgfoC%26pg%3DPA60&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMSV+Nordica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Soininen_et_al-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Soininen_et_al_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Soininen_et_al_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Soininen_et_al_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Soininen_et_al_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Soininen_et_al_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Soininen, H., Nyman, T., <a href="/wiki/Kaj_Riska" title="Kaj Riska">Riska, K</a>., Lohi, P., & Harjula, A. (1993). The ice capability of the multipurpose icebreaker "Fennica" - Full scale results. In POAC 93 - The 12th International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions: Proceedings Volume 1 (pp. 259-271). POAC Proceedings.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-costa-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-costa_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCosta2004" class="citation cs2">Costa, Josep M. (2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=G7c_ZeqTxJIC&pg=PA833"><i>Trends in electrochemistry and corrosion at the beginning of the 21st century</i></a>, Edicions Universitat Barcelona, p. 833, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788447527939" title="Special:BookSources/9788447527939"><bdi>9788447527939</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trends+in+electrochemistry+and+corrosion+at+the+beginning+of+the+21st+century&rft.pages=833&rft.pub=Edicions+Universitat+Barcelona&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9788447527939&rft.aulast=Costa&rft.aufirst=Josep+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DG7c_ZeqTxJIC%26pg%3DPA833&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMSV+Nordica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tellefsen_Hagelstam-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tellefsen_Hagelstam_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tellefsen_Hagelstam_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tellefsen_Hagelstam_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tellefsen, T., Hagelstam, L. 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Arctia Shipping, 26 April 2012. <span class="reference-accessdate">Retrieved 2012-10-24<span style="font-size: 90%; color: #555"></span>.</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=MSV_Nordica&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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talk:Icebreakers of Finland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Icebreakers_of_Finland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Icebreakers of Finland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Icebreakers_of_Finland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Icebreaker" title="Icebreaker">Icebreakers</a> of <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diesel-electric</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sisu_(1938_icebreaker)" title="Sisu (1938 icebreaker)"><i>Sisu</i></a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voima_(1952_icebreaker)" title="Voima (1952 icebreaker)"><i>Voima</i></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karhu_(icebreaker)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karhu (icebreaker) (page does not exist)"><i>Karhu</i></a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Murtaja_(1959_icebreaker)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Murtaja (1959 icebreaker) (page does not exist)"><i>Murtaja</i></a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampo_(1960_icebreaker)" title="Sampo (1960 icebreaker)"><i>Sampo</i></a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarmo_(1963_icebreaker)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarmo (1963 icebreaker) (page does not exist)"><i>Tarmo</i></a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hanse_(icebreaker)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hanse (icebreaker) (page does not exist)"><i>Hanse</i></a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varma_(icebreaker)" title="Varma (icebreaker)"><i>Varma</i></a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apu_(1970_icebreaker)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apu (1970 icebreaker) (page does not exist)"><i>Apu</i></a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urho_(icebreaker)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urho (icebreaker) (page does not exist)"><i>Urho</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sisu_(1976_icebreaker)" title="Sisu (1976 icebreaker)"><i>Sisu</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otso_(icebreaker)" title="Otso (icebreaker)"><i>Otso</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kontio_(icebreaker)" title="Kontio (icebreaker)"><i>Kontio</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSV_Fennica" title="MSV Fennica"><i>Fennica</i></a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Nordica</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSV_Botnica" title="MSV Botnica"><i>Botnica</i></a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polaris_(icebreaker)" title="Polaris (icebreaker)"><i>Polaris</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Steam-powered</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Murtaja_(1890_icebreaker)" title="Murtaja (1890 icebreaker)"><i>Murtaja</i></a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sampo_(1898_icebreaker)" title="Sampo (1898 icebreaker)"><i>Sampo</i></a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apu_(1899_icebreaker)" title="Apu (1899 icebreaker)"><i>Apu</i></a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarmo_(1907_icebreaker)" title="Tarmo (1907 icebreaker)"><i>Tarmo</i></a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suur_T%C3%B5ll_(icebreaker)" title="Suur Tõll (icebreaker)"><i>Wäinämöinen</i></a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilmarinen_(icebreaker)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilmarinen (icebreaker)"><i>Ilmarinen</i></a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voima_(1924_icebreaker)" title="Voima (1924 icebreaker)"><i>Voima</i></a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A4%C3%A4karhu_(icebreaker)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jääkarhu (icebreaker)"><i>Jääkarhu</i></a><sup>†</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>†</sup> No longer in service in Finland</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MSV_Nordica&oldid=1255043356">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MSV_Nordica&oldid=1255043356</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Icebreakers_of_Finland" title="Category:Icebreakers of Finland">Icebreakers of Finland</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ships_built_in_Rauma,_Finland" title="Category:Ships built in Rauma, Finland">Ships built in Rauma, Finland</a></li><li><a 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