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mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soldadura_per_explosi%C3%B3" title="Soldadura per explosió – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Soldadura per explosió" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprengschwei%C3%9Fen" title="Sprengschweißen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sprengschweißen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soldadura_por_explosi%C3%B3n" title="Soldadura por explosión – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Soldadura por explosión" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B4%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%81%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="جوشکاری انفجاری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جوشکاری انفجاری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eksplozijsko_zavarivanje" title="Eksplozijsko zavarivanje – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Eksplozijsko zavarivanje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explosielassen" title="Explosielassen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of welding that makes use of chemical explosives</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Explosion_welding.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Explosion_welding.png/400px-Explosion_welding.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Explosion_welding.png/600px-Explosion_welding.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Explosion_welding.png/800px-Explosion_welding.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="650" /></a><figcaption>Explosion welding 1 Flyer (cladding). 2 Resolidified zone (needs to be minimised for welding of dissimilar materials). 3 Target (substrate). 4 Explosion. 5 Explosive powder. 6 Plasma jet.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Explosionweldingsurface.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Explosionweldingsurface.JPG/220px-Explosionweldingsurface.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Explosionweldingsurface.JPG/330px-Explosionweldingsurface.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Explosionweldingsurface.JPG/440px-Explosionweldingsurface.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Polished section of an explosion weld with typical wave-structure</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Explosion welding</b> (<b>EXW</b>) is a <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/solid_state" class="extiw" title="wikt:solid state">solid state (solid-phase)</a> <a href="/wiki/Process_(science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Process (science)">process</a> where <a href="/wiki/Welding" title="Welding">welding</a> is accomplished by accelerating one of the components at extremely high velocity through the use of <a href="/wiki/Chemical" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical">chemical</a> <a href="/wiki/Explosives" class="mw-redirect" title="Explosives">explosives</a>. This process is often used to clad <a href="/wiki/Carbon_steel" title="Carbon steel">carbon steel</a> or <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a> plate with a thin layer of a harder or more <a href="/wiki/Corrosion" title="Corrosion">corrosion</a>-resistant material (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Stainless_steel" title="Stainless steel">stainless steel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">nickel</a> alloy, <a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">titanium</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Zirconium" title="Zirconium">zirconium</a>). Due to the nature of this process, producible geometries are very limited. Typical geometries produced include plates, tubing and tube sheets.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Explosion_welding&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Unlike other forms of welding such as <a href="/wiki/Arc_welding" title="Arc welding">arc welding</a> (which was developed in the late 19th century), explosion welding was developed relatively recently, in the decades after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. Its origins, however, go back to <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, when it was observed that pieces of <a href="/wiki/Fragmentation_(weaponry)" title="Fragmentation (weaponry)">shrapnel</a> sticking to armor plating were not only embedding themselves, but were actually being welded to the metal. Since the extreme heat involved in other forms of welding did not play a role, it was concluded that the phenomenon was caused by the explosive forces acting on the shrapnel. These results were later duplicated in laboratory tests and, not long afterwards, the process was patented and put to use. </p><p>In 1962, <a href="/wiki/DuPont" title="DuPont">DuPont</a> applied for a <a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">patent</a> on the explosion welding process, which was granted on June 23, 1964, under US Patent 3,137,937<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and resulted in the use of the <i>Detaclad</i> <a href="/wiki/Trademark" title="Trademark">trademark</a> to describe the process. On July 22, 1996, <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Materials_Corporation" title="Dynamic Materials Corporation">Dynamic Materials Corporation</a> completed the acquisition of DuPont's Detaclad operations for a purchase price of $5,321,850 (or about $10.34 million today). </p><p>The response of inhomogeneous plates undergoing explosive welding was analytically modeled in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Advantages_and_disadvantages">Advantages and disadvantages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Explosion_welding&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Advantages and disadvantages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Explosion welding can produce a bond between two metals that cannot necessarily be welded by conventional means. The process does not melt either metal, instead plasticizing the surfaces of both metals, causing them to come into intimate contact sufficient to create a weld. This is a similar principle to other non-fusion welding techniques, such as <a href="/wiki/Friction_welding" title="Friction welding">friction welding</a>. Large areas can be bonded extremely quickly and the weld itself is very clean, due to the fact that the surface material of both metals is violently expelled during the reaction. </p><p>Explosion welding can join a wide array of compatible and non-compatible metals, with more than 260 metal combinations possible.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>With <a href="/wiki/Welding" title="Welding">traditional welding</a>, its components are usually metals that have similar properties. However, with explosion welding, the high initial acceleration of the two components at each other can bypass the properties of metal and join two different metals together. As a result, the new metal has combined properties of the original two metals that can lead to more conductivity, strength, and durability. For example, explosion welding is most commonly used to join materials like stainless steel to copper (Blazynski, 1983). The product is a component that has <a href="/wiki/Thermal_conductivity_and_resistivity" title="Thermal conductivity and resistivity">thermal conductivity</a> and structural stability. Explosion welding offers a solution to the difficulty of joining metals with different properties or <a href="/wiki/Melting_point" title="Melting point">melting points</a>. </p><p>A disadvantage of this method is that extensive knowledge of explosives is needed before the procedure may be attempted safely. Regulations for the use of high explosives may require special licensing.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Explosion_welding&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_pulse_welding" title="Magnetic pulse welding">Magnetic pulse welding</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Explosion_welding&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLancaster1999" class="citation book cs1">Lancaster, J.F. (1999). <i>Metallurgy of welding</i> (6th ed.). Abington, Cambridge: Abington Pub. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85573-428-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-85573-428-1"><bdi>1-85573-428-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Metallurgy+of+welding&rft.place=Abington%2C+Cambridge&rft.edition=6th&rft.pub=Abington+Pub.&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1-85573-428-1&rft.aulast=Lancaster&rft.aufirst=J.F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExplosion+welding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freepatentsonline.com/3137937.html">"Explosive bonding - United States Patent 3137937"</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hse.gov.uk/explosives/licensing/fees.htm">the original</a> on 31 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Explosive+licence+costs+in+the+UK&rft.au=Health+and+safety+executive&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hse.gov.uk%2Fexplosives%2Flicensing%2Ffees.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExplosion+welding" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li>Blazynski, T. Z. <i>Explosion Welding of Metals and Its Applications</i>. London: Applied Science Publishers, 1983.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKalpakjianSchmid,_Steven_R2006" class="citation book cs1">Kalpakjian, Serope; Schmid, Steven R (2006). <i>Manufacturing Engineering and Technology</i> (5th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Prentice_Hall" title="Prentice Hall">Prentice Hall</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-13-187599-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-13-187599-9"><bdi>978-0-13-187599-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manufacturing+Engineering+and+Technology&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-13-187599-9&rft.aulast=Kalpakjian&rft.aufirst=Serope&rft.au=Schmid%2C+Steven+R&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExplosion+welding" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Welding Handbook</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-04-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Explosion+Welding%2C+Technical+Growth+and+Commercial+History&rft.pub=Dynamic+Materials+Corporation&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=G&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dynamicmaterials.com%2Fdata%2Fbrochures%2F1-%2520Young%2520Paper%2520on%2520EXW%2520History.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExplosion+welding" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220618191724/http://highenergymetals.com/">"Explosion Welding of Dissimilar Metals"</a>. High Energy Metals, Inc. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.highenergymetals.com/">the original</a> on 2022-06-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-04-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Explosion+Welding+of+Dissimilar+Metals&rft.pub=High+Energy+Metals%2C+Inc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.highenergymetals.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExplosion+welding" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoshi2000" class="citation web cs1">Joshi, Amit (2000-10-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100209063824/http://www.metalwebnews.com/howto/explosive-welding/explosive-welding.html">"Introduction to Explosive Welding"</a>. Metal Web News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metalwebnews.com/howto/explosive-welding/explosive-welding.html">the original</a> on 2010-02-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-04-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+Explosive+Welding&rft.pub=Metal+Web+News&rft.date=2000-10-02&rft.aulast=Joshi&rft.aufirst=Amit&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metalwebnews.com%2Fhowto%2Fexplosive-welding%2Fexplosive-welding.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AExplosion+welding" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Explosion_welding&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Explosion_welding" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Explosion welding">Explosion welding</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li>L.R. Carl. (1944). "Brass welds made by detonation impulse". <i>Metal Progress</i> <b>102-103</b> 46 - brief publication on the explosion welding of metallic plates.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/9a/b2/bf/6a3bacd0f33ea7/US3137937.pdf">US patent 3,137,937 G. R. Cowan, J. Douglas, and A. Holtzman, (1960). "Explosive bonding" - published a patent on the explosive welding process</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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